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THE 

/ 

BIOGRAPHICAL 

ENCYCLOPAEDIA 



OF 



NEW JERSEY 



OF 



THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. 




PHILADELPHIA: 
GALAXY PUBLISHING COMPANY. 



1877= 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1877, by 

CHARLES ROBSON, 

In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. 





^/ 'y~^ ^-^—^ . ^^^^^^Ccl^ CcrrZ^, 



Preface. 



vi/ji^ON. RICHARD S. FIELD, in the.-introduction to his valuable work, " The Pro- 
S^llll vincial Courts of New Jersey; \/ith Sketches of the Bench and Bar" (published 
t'^ by the New Jersey Historical Society, 1849), writes : " We know more, I suspect, 
e^ of the early settlers of Massachusetts and Virginia than we do of those who first 
planted the colony of New Jersey. I am sure we know more of the lawyers and judges 
of England prior to the American Revolution than we do of those of our own State. We 
are much more familiar with the personages who graced the Court of Queen Anne, than 
with those who flourished here at the same time under the rule of her kinsman. Lord 
Cornbury." And he continues: "I have been astonished, too, to find how few of the 
names of distinguished Jerseymen are to be met with in the American biographical 
dictionaries. While they abound with ample notices of second and third-rate men of other 
sections of the country, those who have been truly eminent among us seldom find a place 
in them. The truth is, our biographical dictionaries have, for the most part, been written 
by New England men, and, as it would seem, for New England. We ought to have a 
biographical dictionary of our own, and it may be worthy of consideration, whether a 
work of this description should not be undertaken under the auspices of our Historical 
Society." All this, so true in 1849, has gained added import in the quarter of a century 
and more that has since then elapsed. Eminent men then living are now dead, and the 
records of their honorable and useful lives, then bright, are now dim or forgotten. And 
with such forgetfulness a just appreciation of the events in which they were leaders, the 
history which they helped to form, is impossible. We see only one side ; we have the facts, 
but not the motives. The private lives of statesmen constitute a potent factor in the 
moulding of States. Much of the history of the past is sealed to us because we 
have no contemporaneous biographical history to give us the needed comprehension of 
its inner workings. The lacking quantity that Mr. Field so earnestly deprecates, this 
work is in a measure designed to present. That it is as complete and satisfactory as 
it should be, the publisher does not claim. He simply offers it as an earnest effort to bring 
a valuable contribution to the history of a State, full, both in its past and present, of 
material for the historian. 3 

May, 1877. 



THE 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA 



NEW JERSEY. 



[^AYTON, HON. WILLIAM LEWIS, LL.D., 
Lawyer and Statesman, late of Trenton, was bom 
in Somerset county. New Jersey, February 17th, 
1807. He sprang from a long line of distin- 
guished New Jerseymen. His great-grandfather, 
Tonathan Dayton, settled at Elizabethtown at 
least as early as 1725, and about the same time his mother's 
grandfather built, at Baskingridge, Somerset county, the 
first frame building in that section. On both sides his an- 
cestors were conspicuous for talents and patriotic services, 
civil and military. In the war of independence, Elias Day- 
ton, granduncle of William, was a brigadier-general, while 
Edward Lewis, his maternal grandfather, was a commissary, 
and served as such during the whole war. Jonathan Day- 
ton, son of Elias, occupies a prominent place in history as 
a member of the convention which framed the Federal 
Constitution; as Speaker of the House of Representatives 
in the Fourth Congress, and as a member of the United 
States Senate. Either during or soon after the war, Robert 
Dayton, grandfather of William, moved to a farm near 
Baskingridge, and resided there tmtil his death. He reared 
a large family, of whom his son Joel, a man of intelligence 
and probity, succeeded to the farm. By him, in turn, sev- 
eral sons were left, all of whom enjoyed a liberal education. 
William, the eldest, in his twelfth year, became a pupil in 
the academy of the celebrated Dr. Brownlee, then of Bask- 
ingridge, but afterwards of New York. After due prepara- 
tion, he entered Nassau Hall, whence he graduated in 1825. 
Then he entered the office of Hon. Peter D. Vroom, at 
Somerville, to study law. His preceptor was then the 
leader of (he Jackson party in the State, and in 1829 was 
by it made Governor. Although the pupil subsequently 
occupied no less conspicuous a position among the Whigs, 



there grew up between them a warm friendship, only inter- 
rupted by death. Licensed in 1830, Mr. Dayton began 
practice "at Freehold, where his high abilities as a lawyer, 
his dignity, courtesy and moral worth, soon established him 
in a fine legal and social position. From the first he was 
outspoken in his Whig sentiments, and when in 1S36 the 
Whigs determined to earnestly contest Monmouth county, 
a stronghold of Jacksonism, he was urged to lead the ticket 
as candidate for the Legislative Council. He consented, 
and the whole legislative ticket, with him at its head, was 
elected, and, after years of defeat, the Whigs, by a brilliant 
victoi-y, regained control of the State. The Legislature met 
in October, the month of the election, and Mr. Dayton at 
once took rank among the leaders in a body containing 
many able and distinguished men. This was the com- 
mencement of a career which identified him with the history 
of the State, and made his name a household word within 
its borders. Placed at the head of the Judiciary Committee, 
he prepared the law by which the county courts, then greatly 
degenerated and very inefficient, were raised to a status in 
which they have since commanded the full confidence of 
the community. The reform was radical. The courts had 
been conducted by a large number of the most active and 
influential politicians in every county in the State. Under 
the new law they were each to be presided over by a single 
judge of the Supreme Court. In the face of this great 
personal influence and interest he succeeded in securing 
the prompt passage of the measure. That the provisions of 
the new law might be carried out it became necessary to 
increase the number of Supreme Court judges from three to 
five, and the election, under the Constitution, then resting 
with the Legislature, that body elected him to one of the 
new judicial seats. Thereupon he removed from Freehold 

5 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.'EDIA. 



to Trenton, which ever after was his home. Although thus 
early in life he had been made the recipient of high and 
unusual honors, he began to consider, after a short service 
on the bench, whether he was justified, in view of family 
considerations, in continuing labors so inadequately re- 
warded as those of a judge in those days, and finally he 
resigned, having sat on the bench three years, and resumed 
practice at the bar. He at once became a leader and se- 
cured a large and very lucrative clientage. In the summer 
of 1842, on the death of Senator Southard, he was appointed 
by Governor Pennington to fill the vacancy in the repre- 
sentation of the Slate in the United States Senate. Ke 
took his seat on July 6th, and when the Legislature met in 
the following October he was, by the unanimous Whig 
vole, elected for Mr. Southard's unexpired term. In 1845 
he was again, by the unanimous vote of his parly, elected 
for the full term of six years. Entering the Senate at thirty- 
five, probably its youngest member, he manifested marked 
discretion. He seldom spoke, and only on an important 
question, when he always said something of worth and 
weight. At all times, however, he worked hard for the 
passage of measures he deemed good and for the defeat of 
those he thought bad. In the passage of the tariff of 1S42 
he bore an active part, and his support was of immense 
value, inasmuch a.s a previous tariflf bill had been vetoed, 
and this one only passed the Senate by a majority of one. 
He also, in secret session, approved the treaty negotiated 
by Lord Ashburton and Mr. Webster for the settlement of 
the northeastern boundary question. These actions indi- 
cate two cardinal features of his public policy: "peace 
abroad, and the promotion of industry at home." On the 
opening of the next session the estimation in which he was 
held was testified by his appointment on the Judiciary 
Committee, whereon he sei-ved until the close of his term, 
excepting one session. He also served on several other 
important commillees. During his career in the Senate 
many important matters came up for discussion, and Judge 
Dayton occupied a very conspicuous position in all. His first 
speech, made February iSlh, 1S43, "'^^ ^ most eloquent 
and forcible defence of the character and credit of the 
national government, then suffering much in Europe from 
the failure of several of the Stales to pay the interest on 
their public debts. He demonstrated convincingly that the 
faith and credit of the national government had been pre- 
served without a spot, and far more carefully than those of 
the European governments. The speech was highly com- 
mended as unanswerable and opportune by the press and 
the entire country. An advocate of cheap postage, he 
voted in 1844 ''"■ ^^^ '^'" 'o reduce the then current rates. 
During this same session he made a firm stand for the 
independence of Senators as against " instructions " from 
the Legislatures of their respective States. He opposed 
the resolution giving notice to Great Britain of Ihe termi- 
nation of the joint possession of Oregon, and after Mr. 
Clay's defeat under the cry of "54° 40' or fight," Mr. 



Polk's administration negotiated a treaty settling the diffi- 
culty on the very terms recommended by Judge Doylon 
and his associates — the retention of the mouth of the Co- 
lumbia river, and a compromise respecting ihe sterile and 
comparatively worthless region in the extreme northern 
part of the Territory. An attack being made during the 
same session on the tariff act of 1S42 with a view to its 
repeal, he made a very elaborate argument in favor of the 
protective system, and his effort exerted great weight in the 
satisfactory conclusion reached. He opposed in 1845 '^e 
annexation of Texas, believing it was pressed with seclional 
motives, and to enable one portion of the Union to domi- 
luate, against the equities of the Constitution, over another. 
He again fought for protection in 1846, but Secretary 
Walker's revenue measure, superseding the tariff of 1S42, 
became law by the casting vole of Mr. Dallas. While 
disapproving the course of the administration in provoking 
the Mexican war, he voted for all necessary supplies for its 
prosecution, though he denounced the proposition to issue 
letters of marque and reprisal as a resort to a system of 
legalized piracy, the relic of a barbarous age. Subsequently 
he strongly supported the ratification of the treaty with 
Mexico, and defended his course with great power in open 
Congress, declaring its terms preferable to a prolongation 
of the war. Upon the much-vexed question of slavei7 in 
newly-acquired territory lie took the ground laid down in 
the Wilmot proviso, contending that Congress had the right, 
and that it was its duty, to prevent the extension of the 
institution, which existed only by municipal law and could 
not be carried by the Constitution where it did not pre- 
viously exist ; while he declared the government had no 
right to interfere with it in the St.ates. During the excite- 
ment in the Forty-first Congress respecting the admission 
of California, and the claims then put forward by the South, 
he distinguished himself by several speeches, all directed 
against the extension of slavery in any way, maintaining 
the right of California to admission independently of any 
concessions to the slave-holding power, and earnestly op- 
posing the Fugitive Slave Law. During this same session 
he opposed the reception of a petition praying Congress 
to take steps for a dissolution of the Union, on the ground 
that while there was a constitutional right to petition " for 
redress of grievances," the document in question preferred 
no such prayer, but asked for the abolition of the govern- 
ment itself — prayed Senators to be treasonable. His term 
expired with the next session, a short and uneventful one, 
and Judge Dayton returned home to practise his profession. 
Unknown to himself, he was nominated for the Vice- 
Presidency by the Republican Nation.al Convention at 
Philadelphia, in June, 1S56, by five hundred and twenty- 
nine out of five hundred and sixty votes. In February, 
1857, he was appointed Attorney-General of New Jersey. 
In the following year he declined re-election to the United 
Slates Senate. During the State campaigns of 1858 and 
1859 he rendered, by request, material aid to the Opposition 



BIOGRAPHICAL EN'CVCLOr.KDIA. 



»5 



seat in the Legislature he remained but a very brief ]ierio(l, 
as he was chosen a Judge of the Supreme Court, to till a 
vacancy occasioned by the election of Mahlon Dickerson — 
one of the judges — to the gubernatorial chair of the State. 
He removed his residence to Trenton, and passed five years 
on the bench, being also selected as reporter of the decisions 
of his court. In 1S20 he was engaged, in connection with 
Charles Ewing, to attend to the preparation of the " Revised 
Statutes of the Stale," and to superintend their publication. 
In the autumn of the same year he was elected by the 
Legislature (.is was then the custom) a member of the 
Electoral College of New Jersey, and cast his vote for that 
sterling patriot James Monroe, who was also his warm 
personal friend. In 1821 he was elected United States 
Senator, and thereupon resigned his position as Judge. He 
took his seat in that body in February, 1821, having been 
also selected to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resigna- 
tion of James J. Wilson, whose term would have expired 
March 3d, 1S21. It was a period of intense political ex- 
citement, growing out of the question of the admission of 
Missouri into the Union, which was opposed by reason 
of two clauses in her constitution, one being that the Legis- 
lature should prohibit the immigration of free negroes, and 
the other forljidding the abolition of slavery. The House 
of Representatives had voted against admitting the State, 
when Henry Cl.iy moved that a joint committee of the 
House and Senate should be appointed to consider the 
subject in its various bearings. This course was adopted, 
and, strange to say, the father, Hon. Henry Southard, of 
the House — at that lime approaching very nearly the close 
of his Congressional career — met his son, Samuel, of the 
Senate, then at the very commencement of his high position, 
to confer together as to ihe best means to pursue. Samuel 
L. Soulhard had prepared resolutions — the identical ones 
which were afterwards introduced and passed. These he 
showed to his political friends, among them Mr. Clay ; Ihey 
were approved, and it was understood that they should be 
presented in the Senate by their author. Mr. Clay subse- 
quently obtained possession of the resolutions by saying 
that it would be better if something of that nature should 
first emanate from the lower House. But the verbiage of 
the resolutions was unaltered ; and they were carried in 
both Houses, thus ending the struggle. From that time 
Mr. Clay had all the merit of settling the question, while 
the real originator and author of the measure was quietly 
ignored. He remained a member of the Senate until 1823, 
when he succeeded Hon. Smith Thompson as Secretai^ 
of the Navy. He remained in this position throughout the 
remainder of President Monroe's term, and upon the acces- 
sion of President John Quincy Adams the latter continued 
him in the same high office, being unwilling to make a 
change. During these years he also filled for short periods 
the additional positions of Acting Secretary of the Treasury 
and .\cting Secretary of the War Departments. Early in 
1S29 a movement was made in the New Jersey Legislature 



to re-elect him to his old position of United States Sen.ilor; 
when those opposed to his nomination advanced the singu- 
lar objection that he was not a resident of the State, such as 
her constitution implied; and a resolution was actually 
passed declaring him ineligible, when Senator Dickerson 
was chosen. A month later Theodore Frelinghuysen, then 
Attorney-General of the Slate, was also chosen as United 
Slates Senator, and Soulhard was elected lo the vacancy in 
the attorney-generalship thus created. He relumed to 
Trenton with his family, which city again became his resi- 
dence, and there resumed the practice of his profession. In 
the autumn of 1S32 his partisans conlrolled the Legislature, 
and elected him Governor of the State. He held this po- 
sition but three months, when he was chosen United States 
Senator. During his occupancy of the gubernatorial office 
but one term of the Court of Chancery was held. His only 
message to the Legislature was addressed to them in Janu- 
ary, 1833, relative to the Nullification acts of South Caro- 
lina, and transmitting to those bodies copies of the same, 
which he had received from the governor of that State. He 
also took occasion to concur in the views entertained by 
President Jackson in his celebrated proclamation issued on 
the occasion, and which for the time united all parties at 
the North in one solid column to the support of the man 
who declared thai the " Union must and shall be preserved." 
From the day he took his seat in the Senate until the close 
of his life he took a very active part in all the proceedings 
of that body, although his party were in the minority and 
in opposition to the government up to 1S41. In the aulunm 
of 1S3S he was re-elected United Slates Senator for the full 
term of six years; and in 1S41 was elected President pro 
tern, of that body. After the death of President Harrison, 
in April, 1841, Vice-President Tyler succeeded to the 
Chief Magistracy, when Southard filled the position of pre- 
siding officer continuously during life; and he w.as recog- 
nized by all parties as most faithful, impartial and able in 
that high office. When first elected to the General Assembly 
of his native State, he was elected as a Democrat, in which 
organization he continued down to the close of his career 
of a cabinet officer under President Adams. Meanwhile the 
political creeds or parties had materially changed, and so 
likewise did their names; and great confusion existed in 
1S24-25, when both Jackson and Adams were classed as 
members of the Democratic party, although they were 
.strongly opposed to each other. After the latter had been 
elected President by the House of Representatives the Jack- 
son party manifested great hostility to him and to his ad- 
ministration ; and when General Jackson succeeded him, in 
1S29, the party in opposition to the JJemocracy of those 
days was termed "Anti-Jackson." With the latter Senator 
Southard affiliated ; and when, at the close of the second 
term of General Jackson's administration, Mr. Van Buren 
was placed in nomination by the Democracy, and the Whig 
party was formed, he (Southard) gave in his adhesion to the 
new organization, which was in effect the .same as had 



BIOGRAPHICAL EN'CYCLOP.EDIA. 



opposed the measures of the Jackson dynasty. In 1S40 the 
Whigs succeeded in electing General Harrison to the 
Presidency by a sweeping majority, and thenceforward for 
thirteen years were a power in the country, until dissolved 
by the advent of the Free-soil or Republican organization. 
In 1S38 Mr. Southard was appointed President of the 
Morris Canal and Banking Company, and thenceforward 
took up his residence in Jei-sey City. In religious belief he 
was a Presbyterian ; although not a communicant member, 
yet he was strongly attached to its princijiles. He was an 
earnest advocate for temperance principles, even to the 
degree of total abstinence. As a counsellor and attorney- 
at law he was regarded as skilful and preparing his cases 
thorouglily; and as a statesman, the high positions he at- 
tained is a sufficient proof of his abilities in that direction. 
While a resident at H.igley, in Virginia, he was married, 
in June, 1812, to Rebecca Harrow, daughter of an Episco- 
pal clergyman (then deceased) ; and thirty years after, June 
26th, 1842, he died at the house of his wife's brother, in 
Fredericksburg, Virginia. 



fTOCKTON, HON. RICHARD, Lawyer and 
United States Senator, late of Princeton, New 
Jersey, was born in that place in the year 1764. 
Coming from one of the ancient and distin- 
guished families of the State, he may be said to 
have inherited, with a noble name, the qualities 
which won him fame; his father, named also Richard 
Stockton, having been an eminent lawyer, one of the 
justices of the Supreme Court before the Revolution, and a 
signer of the Declaration of Independence. On the mater- 
nal side also his lineage was notable, his mother being a 
Boudinot, and a woman of superior and highly cultivated 
mind and literary taste. His classical education he com- 
l^leted at Princeton, from which he graduated before his 
seventeenth year. Determining to follow his father's pro- 
fession, he entered the office of his uncle, Elisha Boudinot, 
at Newark, and after the usual course of study was ad- 
mitted to the bar as attorney in 1784, when only about 
twenty years old. In due time he was licensed as coun- 
sellor, and was called as sergeant-at-law in 1792. At first 
his progress at the bar was somewhat slow, but in a few 
years he had made his quality so manifest that he stood 
among the first. His practice grew to very large propor- 
tions, and no name for many years was so familiar in im- 
portant causes as his. From the year 1818 until his death 
he was generally recognized as the leader of the bar, and 
this distinction was deserved. During his time he was 
almost the only New Jersey lawyer who argued causes 
before the Supreme Court at Washington, and these were 
cases not originating in the St:ite. A well-iead lawyer and 
a diligent student, he was also an eloquent and forcible 
speaker. He had great power in denunciation, being .ilike 



a master of invective and retort, and crushing in sarcnsm. 
His addresses to juries were magnificent specimens of leg.il 
oratory, and have rarely been equalled. Of his efforts 
scarcely any remain in enduring form beyond an able argu- 
ment in favor of the New Jersey claims to the waters of the 
Hudson, appended to the report of a commission, pub- 
lished by order of the Legislature in 1S28. In politics he 
was a decided Federalist of the Hamilton school. As such 
he sat in the United .States Senate, being elected thereto by 
the Legislature in joint session, to fill a vacancy. He held 
his seat until 1799. His party losing power, he figured 
very little in politics for some years thereafter. But when 
war was declared against Great Britain, and it obtained a 
temporary majority in the State, providing for the election 
of Congressmen by districts, he was chosen, in January, 
1813, a member of the Thirteenth Congress. Therein he 
took a leading part, proving himself a worthy contemporary 
of such, men as Webster, Calhoun and Cl.ay. In the affairs 
of his Alma Mater, Princeton College, he always mani- 
fested an earnest interest, and from 1791 was one of its 
Trustees. From Rutgers and Union Colleges he received 
the honorary degree of LL. D. When a vacancy occurred 
on the bench of the United States District Court, in 1826, 
through the death of Judge Pennington, general expectation 
turned to Mr. Stockton as his most filling successor. It 
was known to the President, John Quincy Adams, and Mr. 
•Southard, a member of the Cabinet, that he would accept 
the nomination, and his fitness was conspicuous. But the 
administration deemed it inconsistent with their prospects 
to appoint so pronounced a Federalist, and Mr. Stockton 
would not permit his friends to bring the least pressure to 
bear in his favor. The nomination therefore went else- 
where. A man of most imposing personal appearance, and 
singularly polished address, he came to be known among 
the junior members of the bar as "the old duke." And, 
indeed, he was a nobleman in the truest sense. His whole 
bearing, while fiee from self-consciousness, was that of a 
man of the highest distinction. Yet he was veiy affable and 
easy of access,' but none could approach him without yield- 
ing a tribute of respect. He died in 1S2S. 



0) gv TOCKTON, ROBERT FIELD, late Commodore 
^^Itf United States Navy, and Senator of the United 
States, was born, 1796, in Princeton, and was a 
son of the late Hon. Richard Stockton, whose 
biographical sketch precedes. He was partly 
educated at the College of New Jersey, in his 
native town, and while a student the war with Great 
Britain commenced. He at once left college to enter the 
navy as a mid.shipman, and made his first cruise in the 
frigate " President," commanded by Commodore Rodgers. 
He participated in several engagements while serving on 
biiard that vessel, and bore himself with such bravery and 



BIOGRAP.UCAL EXCVCLOP.EDIA. 



17 



gallanti-y as to receive lionoraljle mention in the despatches 
forwarded by his commander. For these tokens of appro- 
bation he was rewarded by receiving, in December, 1814, 
his commission as a lieutenant. After peace had been de- 
clared with England, the United States became involved 
in war with the Algerine government, and the .frigate 
"Guerriere" was despatched to the Mediterranean, to 
which ship he had been previously ordered. Shortly after 
reaching that station he was transferred to the " Spitfire," 
as First-Lieutenant of that vessel. He soon furnished 
another example of coolness and bravery by attacking an 
Algerine man-of-war, aided by a single boat's crew from 
his own ship, boarding the enemy and capturing their 
vessel. Early in 1S16 he w^as transferred to the ship-of-the- 
line "Washington," at that time the flag-ship of Commo- 
dore Chauncey, commanding the Mediterranean Squadron, 
where he remained for soriie time, being eventually ordered 
to command the sloop of war " Erie," in which latter 
vessel he retunied home in 1 82 1. After a short stay in the 
United States he was sent to the coast of Africa, and was 
permitted to aid the American Colonization Society in their 
endeavors to secure a site for their proposed colony. His 
associate was Dr. Ayres, the society's agent, and after con- 
siderable delay he succeeded in making a treaty with the 
natives by which a large tract of land was ceded, and 
which constituted at one period the original territory of the 
Republic of Liberia. After this important step had been 
accomplished he cruised on the coast, overhauling and cap- 
turing many slavers, including a Portuguese privateer called 
the " Marianna Flora," mounting twenty-two guns. This 
last vessel had commenced the conflict which resulted in 
her capture; he placed a prize crew on board and sent her 
to the United States. On her arrival much litigation ensued 
in the Admiralty courts, it being contended by the counsel 
for the Portuguese government that Lieutenant Stockton 
had exceeded his authority in capturing the privateer. A 
decision, however, was finally reached, by which he was 
fully exonerated for the course pursued, but the vessel was 
delivered over to the Portuguese government. On his re- 
turn home he was next assigned to duty in the West India 
islands, and assisted in rooting out and breaking the 
numerous gangs of freebooters and pirates who had long 
infested those waters. After this important service had 
been rendered he returned to the United States, and for 
several years was absent on leave; and during this period 
identified himself with the movement taking place in his 
native State relative to the establishment of canals and rail- 
roads, chiefly between New York and Philadelphia, and 
including what is now termed the " United Companies of 
New Jersey." In 1S38 he was ordered to the ship-of-the- 
line"Ohio," as Flag-Lieutenant to Commodore Hull, with 
whom he sailed to the Mediterranean, serving in that 
capacity for about a year, when he was commissioned 
Captain, and recalled. He had for many years been en- 
gaged in solving the problem as to the best mode of apply- 
3 



ing steam power to vessels of war, and also to the mine 
effective armament of naval vessels. Up to 1841 the United 
.Slates navy did not possess a single steam man-of war, ihe 
"Fulton" having exploded some years previously; while 
the " Mississippi " and " Missouri " steam frigates were still 
on the stocks. These latter were powerful sidc-wheeleis 
of 2,500 tons, and were pierced for ten guns of heavy 
calibre ; but, in his opinion, they possessed one fatal mis- 
take, in having the motive power exposed to the chaiii.e 
shot of an enemy. He accordingly submitted to the Navy 
Department some plans which he had prepared, sulisiiuii- 
ing the screw for the paddle, and locating the boiler and 
engines below the load or water-line. After much per- 
suasion, notwithstanding that naval constructors had con- 
demned his theories, he received permission from the 
authorities to build an experimental steam sloop of war. 
The keel was laid, 1S42, in his presence, in the large ship- 
house at the navy yard, Philadelphia, and he placed a 
golden eagle at the intersection of the stern post. The 
vessel, which was of only 700 tons burthen, old measure- 
ment, was launched in 1S43 ^"^ "''i^ named the " Prince- 
ton. " Her engine and boilers were placed below the 
waler-line, in accordance with his plans, the former being 
of 175 horse-power and consuming sixteen tons of coal in 
twenty-four hours. The armament consisted of iwelve 
guns, forly-two-pounders, and two large wrought-iron can- 
non carrying shot of 225 pounds. These latter were named 
the " Oregon " and the " Peacemaker." The trial trip of 
the vessel occurred towards the close of 1S43, when she 
made the run from the capes of the Delaware to the east- 
ward, sighting Madeira in eight days and a few hours. 
Returning home she ascended the Potomac river and 
reached Washington, where she remained for some time. 
It was during her stay that the terrible accident occurred, 
February 28ih, 1844, when the gieat gun called the 
"Peacemaker" exploded, killing five persons, including 
the Secretaries of War and of the Navy, besides wounding 
many others, including the Commodore himself. A couit 
of inquiry subsequently convened, which fully acquitted 
him of all blame or want of precaution either in the manu- 
facture of the gun or in its management. In the summer 
of 1S44 the vessel returned to Philadelphia, and her officers 
and crew, at the request of the municipal authorilie-, 
landed and assisted in preserving the peace during llie 
formidable church riots occurring in that year. In October, 
1845, he sailed for the Pacific with several vessels to re- 
inforce the squadron in those waters, then under the ctmi- 
mand of Commodore Sloat, whom he relieved while in the 
harbor of Monterey. At that time the war with the Mexi- 
can republic was in progress, and, aware of the iniporlrme 
of acquiring the western coast of that power, he assiinud 
the responsibility of capturing the same. He landed uiili 
a force of 600 sailors and marines, and was subsequently 
joined by several hundred Californian settlers and advm- 
turers, thus forming an earnest and formidable body, who 



i8 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENXVCLOP.EDIA. 



seized upon the terrilory, over which he established a 
provisional government. Meanwhile Drigadier-General 
Kearny had marched overland and had defeated the 
Mexicans at San Pascual and at San Gabriel, and him- 
self had also established a provisional government. The 
old feud between the army and navy relative to questions 
of rank and of supreme command arose, which was finally 
settled at a court martial convened for the express purpose. 
Commodore Stockton returned to the United States via the 
plains in 1847, and in 1849 resigned his commission. In 
I §5 1 he was elected by the Legislature of his native State 
a Senator of the United States, which position he held for 
two years only, resigning in 1853. During this time he 
succeeded in introducing a bill for the suppression of flog- 
ging in the navy as a punishment ; and he also advocated 
the non-intervention of the United States in the quarrel 
between Austria and Hungary, in opposition to the solicita- 
tions of Kossuth, who at that time was urging not only the 
people of the United States, but also the two houses of Con- 
gress, in support of this measure. In 1856 some of his 
admirers pressed his claim upon the country as an available 
candidate for the Presidency, and during the same year his 
" Life, Speeches and Letters " were published in New York 
city. Towards the close of his life he lived in retirement 
at Princeton, having suffered a reverse of fortune; and died 
in that town, October 7th, 1S66. 



c) /-'-V'TOCKTON, HON. JOHN' P., Lawyer and Legis- 
^J'm* lator, of Trenton, was born in Princeton, New 
Jersey, August 2d, 1826. He comes of the 
family so long distinguished in the history of the 
State for their brilliant qualities and devoted ser- 
vices to the country. After a superior prepara- 
tory course he became a student at Princeton College, from 
which he was graduated in 1843. Adopting the law, he 
passed through the usual preparation, and was licensed as 
an attorney in 1S46. Three years later he was called to 
tlie bar as a counsellor. He very speedily attained a high 
position in his profession, and in ci>nnection therewith re- 
ceived some high trusts, being appointed a member of the 
Commission for the Revision of the Laws of New Jersey, 
and subsequently Reporter to the Court of Chancery. In 
this latter capacity he pulilished three volumes of " Equity 
Reports" which bear his name. He has been engaged in 
a number of the leading causes of his time, and was a 
prominent counsel for the Pennsylvania Railroad Company 
in the long and intricate litigation rendered necessary by 
assaults upon the privileges acquired by it from the corpora- 
tions known as the United Railroads of New Jersey. This 
litigation absorbed an extraordinary attention, and forms the 
greatest railroad war in the annals of the State. Politically 
a Democrat, inheriting his principles from a long line of 
ancestors, he has taken an active and conspicuous part in 



politics. In 185S he was offered by President Buchanan 
the position of Minister-Resident at Rome, which he ac- 
cepted and filled until 1861, when he was recalled at his 
own request. In 1865 he was elected by the Legislature to 
the United States Senate for the term ending in 1S71. A 
test, however, arose, and after he had occupied the seat 
for rather more than a year his election was declared by the 
Senate to have been informal. He was accordingly un- 
seated, and tltereupon returned home to prosecute his jiro- 
fession. In 1868 he was again elected to the United States 
Senate as the successor of Hon. Frederick T. F'reling- 
huysen, and took his seat on March 4th, 1SC9. On the ex- 
piration of this term, in March, 1875, he resumed close 
attention to his profession. 



HITTINGHAM, EDWARD THOMAS, M. D., 
of Millburn, New Jersey, was born April 22d, 
1821. Me is of English parentage. He was 
educated at the College of St. James, an Episco- 
pal institution in Hagerstown, MatTland, from 
which be graduated in July, 1S49, ^""i pursued 
his medical studies in the medical department of the Uni- 
versity of Maryland at Baltimore, graduating in March, 
1852. He first settled in Baltimore, Maryland, whence in 
1854 he removed to Millburn, Essex county, New Jersey, 
where he has since resided, excepting the interval of his 
military service, extending from the outbreak of the civil 
war to 1864. He is a member of the Essex County Medi- 
cal Society, and of the Essex Medical Union, and was for- 
merly a member of the Medico-Chirurgical Society of Mary- 
land. His contributions to medical literature consist prin- 
cipally- of his reports as a Surgeon in the army, though 
these, considering his general culture and professional skill, 
not to mention the variety and multiplicity of surgical expe- 
i-iences in the field, can scarcely be regarded as unimportant. 
He was Assistant Surgeon in the United States army during 
the critical years of the civil war, serving with various com- 
mands and in the several campaigns of the Army of the 
Potomac. He was married in 1S59 to M.irtha G. Condit, 
daughter of J. D. Condit, of Millburn, New Jersey. 



OUDINOT, HON. ELISHA, Lawyer and Judge 
of the Supreme Court of New Jersey, and brother 
of Elias Boudinot, of whom a sketch appears 
above, was born in 1742. After a good prepara- 
tor)' education he studied for the bar, and was 
in due course admitted as attorney, and sub- 
sequently as counsellor. He was called to be a sergeant- 
at-law in 1792. An able lawyer and of exalted character, 
he attained a high position in his profession. His practice 
was commenced in Newark, where he chiefly resided dur- 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCI.or.-TiDIA. 



19 



iiig his lifetime. When, in 179S, an act was passed by 
the Legislature authorizing the appointment of an additional 
Justice of the Supreme Court, which then consisted of the 
Chief-Justice and two associates, Mr. Boudinot was elected to 
the new seat, which he occupied during one term of seven 
years. In 1804 this law was repealed and the court reduced 
to its former status, which was maintained until 1838. Mr. 
Boudinot was widely respected and esteemed, not only as a 
lawyer and a judge, but as a private citizen. He died in 
1819. 

/ "^^^ 

^HOMSON, JOHN R., late United States Senator 
from New Jersey, was born, September 25th,' 
1800, in the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 
where he was also educated. After leaving school 
he entered the counting-house of one of the most 
prominent merchants in that city, whence he pro- 
ceeded to China, where he was for several years a resident, 
largely engaged in the tea trade. While abroad he received 
from President Monroe the appointment of United States 
Consul for the port and district of Canton. He returned to 
the United States in 1825, having amassed an ample compe- 
tence, and shortly after married a sister of the late Commo- 
dore Stockton, and settled in Princeton, New Jersey. He 
was among the first to manifest an interest in the construc- 
tion of the Delaware and Raritan Canal, and was the first 
Secretary of that company, and one of the Board of Direc- 
tors until his death. He was also an early advocate for the 
building of the Camden & Amboy Railroad, and subse- 
quently for the various lines of railway which were after- 
wards known by the name of the " United Companies of 
New Jersey;" and was also a prominent stockholder and 
director of the latter. In political belief he was a Democrat 
of the Andrew Jackson type, and took an active part in the 
several presidential capipaigns occurring after 1S2S in that 
State. In 1842 he was among those who advocated the 
framing of a new constitution, and he thoroughly canvassed 
the State in favor of that object. The convendon assem- 
bled in 1S44, during which year he was the Democratic 
candidate for Governor, but failed of an election. After this 
period he retired from political life for a while, until 1853, 
when his brother-in-law. Commodore Stockton, resigned his 
seat in the United States Senate, and he was chosen for the 
unexpired term. In 1857 he was again elected to that body 
for the term of six years, ending March 3d, 1S63. But he 
was not destined to occupy that exalted position for that 
period. A lingering illness confined him at home for a 
considerable time, and he died September 13th, 1S62. At 
a meeting of the stockholders of the Delaware & Raritan 
Canal Company, held at Princeton, May nth, 1863, Hon. 
Robert F. Stockton, in his annual report, paid a high tribute 
to the character and services of Mr. Thomson. He said : 
" Mr. Thomson was secretary of the Delaware & Raritan 
Canal Company from its first organization, and a member 



of the Board of Directors until his dtcease. Possessed of 
business talents of the highest order, he devoted himself to 
the duties of his position with zeal. Industrious, faithful 
and accurate, for more than thirty years he served the com- 
pany with a fidelity never questioned, and with an intelli- 
gent aptitude for the duties devolved upon him which could 
not be excelled. In serving the comjiany he served the 
people of New Jersey, whose Slate pride is gratified, and 
whose interests are largely promoted by the success of this 
great work. He took part, at an inqiortant epoch in the 
history of the State, in urging the adoption of the present 
Constitution of New Jersey, as a substitute for the imperfect 
organization of the Slate government which preceded ii, 
and he closed his career while representing New Jersey in 
the Senate of the United States, to which distinguished po- 
sition he was twice elected by the Legislature. Valuable as 
Mr. Thomson's services were to these companies, distin- 
guished as was his political career, yet by us, who were his 
companions and friends, he will be regretted for those social 
qualities of which he was so eminently possessed ; his 
memory will be recalled by the recollection of the delight- 
ful hours we have passed in companionship with him. We 
will mourn on our own account the society of the friend we 
have lost, the charm of his conversation, his cheerful smile 
and pleasant anecdote. His vacant seat leaves a social 
vacuum that can never be filled. His absence is a loss 
which we cannot cease to feel with peculiar fuice on the re- 
currence of our annual meetings. Identified with the his- 
tory of the Delaware & Raritan Canal Company from its 
origin, his name will likewise be remembered in the history 
of New Jersey, while his memory will be cherished by a 
large circle of personal friends." 



ROWNING, HON. ABRAHAM, Lawyer, of 
Camden, was born, July 261I1, iSoS, on his 
father's farm, in the vicinity of the city, where he 
has since resided. The family to which he be- 
longs is one of the oldest in the State of New 
Jersey, and has always occupied a high social 
Its American founder, George Browning, grand- 
father of Abraham, came immediately from Holland, al- 
though of ancient English lineage. He arrived in this 
country about the year 1735, being then quite young, and 
settled near Pea Shore, in Camden county. Here he pur- 
chased large tracts of land, and devoted himself to agricul- 
tural pursuits. He also became extensively interested in 
the fisheries on the Delaware river. These fishery interests 
were bequeathed to his heirs and have been handed down 
from generation to generation, being still retained in the 
Browning family. George Browning's .son, Abraham, fol- 
lowing in his father's footsteps, became a farmer also, and 
continued to reside in the old homestead and to cultivate 
the lands his sire had acquired. He married Beulah 



ElOCriArillCAT, ENXYCLOP.EDIA. 



Gen^e, who, like himself, was n native of New Jersey, liut 
whijse pireiils were English, arriving in America fioni 
London about the year 1760. From this. raairiage sprang 
the subject of this slcetch and a numerous progeny, in whose 
veins the mingled Dutch and English blood has flowed to 
good purpose, the city, the State, and the country alike, de- 
riving benefit from their active, honorable and public-spirited 
lives. Abraham obtained his earliest education — apart from 
the training of home influences — at the country schools in 
the neighborhood of his home. The standard of the common 
schools of those days was far from high, but the ordinary 
routine was in his case supplemented by private study. Pos- 
sessed of a large capacity for acquiring knowledge, and 
gifted with a studious temperament, he made most effective 
use of all his opportunities, and laid a solid foundation, 
broad and deep, for the superstructure of after years. After 
an elementary course thus satisfactorily pursued, he was 
placed at the academy at Wooiibury, in Gloucester county, 
then in charge of the Rev. Joseph Jones, and his brother, 
Samuel Jones. From this he was transferred to the re- 
nowned school of John Gummere, in Burlington. This in- 
stitution was, at that time, one of the most valued educational 
establishments in the State, and to it nearly all the first 
families of West Jersey sent their sons. The enlarged ad- 
vantages here offered Abraham Browning were industriously 
improved, and he secured a very thorough English and a 
limited classical education. But mathematics was his forte. 
It having been determined that he should enter the legal 
profession, on leaving school he became a student in the 
law office of Hon. Samuel L. Southard, at Trenton, in 1830. 
With that gentleman he remained about a year, vigorously 
jirosecuting his preliminary studies, and making it very mani- 
fest that, in choosing the course for his career, a very w-ise 
decision had been reached. From the first he develojied a 
special and marked aptitude for the calling, and progressed 
rapidly in the attainment of legal knowledge. At the ex- 
piration of a year passed in preliminary study, he entered 
the law school of Yale College, where he remained between 
two and three years, gaining for himself a high and emi- 
nently deserved reputation for scholarship. Returning 
home he enjoyed the exceptional advantages of a connection 
with the office of the w-ell-known Philadelphia lawyer, 
Charles Chauncey. There he continued, however, but a 
short time, being admitted to the bar in September, 1834, 
and immediately thereafter beginning the practice of his 
profession in Camden. In this city he has ever since resided, 
laboring in his chosen career. He early became noted for 
the care and ability with which the business intrusted to his 
care was managed, and as a natural consequence he made 
steady and rapid progress through the ranks. With clear 
perception, a well-trained and well-stored mind, to which 
constant study was ever bringing valuable contributions, in- 
domitable industry, and never-tiring investigation of detail, 
he obtained so thorough a mastery over his cases as to be 
entirely invincible when he advised contest, and to secure 



respectful attention for any opinion he might utter. Gradu- 
ally his successes biought him into the very front of the pro- 
fe.ssion, where to-day he holds a commanding position, en- 
joying a very large, important and lucrative practice. But 
while he has reached so proud an eminence, he is not un- 
mindful of the means whereby it was gained. Nowhere in 
the ranks can a harder student be found ; not one among 
the aspirants to similar fame devotes more faithful and 
painstaking labor to his clients' interests. Indeed, the 
amount of work he does in special cases is simply tremen- 
dous. Of course, a lawyer with such qualities and attain- 
ments, and of so many and great successes, could not fail 
of recognition outside of his own State. His aid has been 
sought in many important issues beyond its borders, and his 
reputation has become national. While there are very few 
lawyers in New Jersey who can be classed as his peers, the 
number is not greatly enlarged even when the range of 
vision covers the nation. As a constitutional lawyer he is 
a recognized authority, and his opinion on points of consti- 
tutional issue carries great weight everywhere. In railroad 
cases, also, he is regarded as especially strong, and he has 
been engaged in many important cases involving difficult 
and delicate points of railroad law. His famous contest 
with Hon. Theodore Cuyler, a foeman worthy of his steel, 
in the Pennsylvania Railroad case in 1S71, will long be re- 
membered by members of the profession for the profound 
legal learning, easy mastery over the mazy difficulties of a 
peculiarly intricate litigation, readiness of resource, patient 
endurance and overwhelming strength he manifested. On 
some of the most celebrated issues of his time his opinion 
has been called for, and has always been received with re- 
spect by the highest, and has exercised great influence in the 
final decision. To him, in part. New Jersey owes its 
present constitution, inasmuch as he was an active and 
prominent member of the convention called in 1844 for the 
revision of the then existing instrument. He was also the 
first Attorney-General under the constitution so revised, be- 
ing appointed to that position by Governor Slratton in the 
same year. This office he held during the regular term of 
five years. His successes as a lawyer do not bound his 
career. He has stepped beyond merely professional boun- 
daries in his studies and researches, and in whatever direction 
his tastes have led him, the -same thoroughness and success 
have marked his efforts. A notable illustration of this is 
found in his oration delivered at the Centennial Exposition 
on the State-day of New Jersey. He had been appointed 
the historian of the State for the occasion, and his effort will 
long be treasured and quoted as an exhaustive and complete 
synopsis of the State's history, elegant in its diction and elo- 
quent in its appreciation of the achievements of his native 
home. Mr. Browning w.as married. May 23d, 1842, to 
Elizabeth, daughter of Hon. James Matlack, of Woodbury, 
New Jersey, whose American ancestor, William Matlack, 
was among the Quakers who settled at Burlington, New 
Jersey, about the year 1 670. 




^^zz/Bui.Ca.P'Bi^-^-'^ 



^^« 




BIOGRAPHICAL EN'CYCLOREDIA. 



'.DEN, AARON, LI,.D., Lawyer, Slatesman and 
(iovernor of New Jersey, was born, 1 756, in 
Elizabethtown, and was the son of Robert Ogden, 
and the great-grandson of Jonathan Ogden, one 
of the original associates of the Elizaliethtown 
purchase, and who died in 1732, aged eighty-six 
years. Aaron received an excellent education, and grad- 
uated from Princeton College before he reached the age of 
seventeen. After leaving college, in 1 773, he became a 
tutor in Barber's grammar school, where among other 
pupils svere to be found William Livingston and Alex- 
ander Hamilton. When resistance to British tyranny 
assumed the character of a revolution, the school was 
deserted and the pupils with their tutor volunteered in the 
patriot army. Ogden entered a corps of infantry at Eliza- 
bethtou-n, some time towards the close of 1775. General 
William Alexander — more fami'iirly known as Lord Ster- 
ling, and, withal, an ardent patriot — had planned an expedi- 
tion having in view the capture of a large British store-ship 
near Sandy Hook, and this too while a British ship-of-the- 
line was anchored in New York harbor. The volunteer 
company in which Ogden was an officer formed part of this 
expedition, which embarked in boats and carried the store- 
ship by boarding. The prize was a valuable one, and the 
exploit was recognized by Congress, then in session at Phila- 
delphia, who passed a vote of thanks to the commander and 
the men engaged in the hazardous undertaking. Lieutenant 
Aaron Ogden participated with his regiment, of which his 
brother had command, at the battle of the Brandywine, in 
September, 1777. He was also present at the battle of 
Monmouth, where he was directed by General Washington 
to reconnoitre an important position; and upon his report 
being received, Washington ordered an advance, and the 
battle was with the Americans. He had already been pro 
moted to a Captaincy ; and became subsequently aide to 
General Maxwell, and also Brigade Major. He greatly 
distinguished himself at the battle of Springfield, where he 
held a large force of the enemy in check. During the fol- 
lowing winter, while reconnoitring at night what proved 
to be a large force of British soldiers who were destined to 
surprise and capture the American troops quartered at 
Elizabethtown, he received a bayonet wound in his chest ; 
but he managed to reach the garrison, two miles distant, 
and give the alarm; but he was a long time recovering from 
the wound, which was a very dangerous one. He subse- 
quently participated in General Sullivan's campaigns against 
the Indians in 1779, where he again served as an aide to 
General Maxwell ; and when the latter resigned he com- 
manded a company of light infantry under General La- 
fayette; and was also with the latter in Virginia, and 
covered the retreat when Lord Cornwallis made his attempt 
to capture " the boy," as he termed the youthful marquis. 
He was an active participant in the siege of Yorktown, and 
received the personal commendation of General Washing- 
ton. At the expiration of the war, in 1783, he commenced 



the study of law with his brother Robert, and was licensed 
as an attorney in September, 17S4. He at once commenced 
the practice of his profession at Elizabethtown, where he 
made his mark and enjoyed a lucrative patronage; in fact, 
he was an accomplished lawyer, and took high rank at the 
bar. He was subsequently created a counsellor, and in 
1794 a sergeant-at-law. In 1797 occurred the .short war 
With the French republic, and a provisional army was 
raised; he received the appointment of Colonel of the 15th 
Regiment, holding the same a few months, and until the 
additional troops were disbanded ; and from this he derived 
his appellation of Colonel, by which he was afterwards 
known. Pie was a prominent member of the Federal party, 
and in i8oi was elected by the Legislature United States 
Senator for two years, that being the unexpired term of 
Senator Schureman, who had resigned. Prior «o his be- 
coming Senator he had been for several years Clerk of 
Essex county, but the Legislature having passed a law in 
1801 that no member of Congress could hold a State office, 
he was obliged to yield the latter position, although he made 
considerable effort to retain it. In iSt2 he was elected by 
the Legislature to the office of Governor, which position he 
retained one year. During his term as the executive of 
the State, he was nominated by President Madison Major- 
General of the army, and unanimously confirmed by the 
Senate. But he declined the appointment, for good 
reasons, and subsequently was actively engaged in organiz- 
ing volunteers for the defence of New York, then threat- 
ened with invasion. He had, some while previous to his 
becoming a Senator, withdrav\-n from the practice of the 
law, and somewhere about iSlo or iSll he became en- 
gaged in steamboat navigation, in conjunction with Daniel 
Dod, operating a vessel plying between Elizabethtown and 
New York city. This enterprise proved an unfortunate one, 
as Fulton and his associates had secured, by an act of the 
New York State Legislature, exclusive rights to the waters 
of New York. In 1S13 New Jersey retaliated by confer- 
ring on Ogden & Dod an exclusive right to navigate the 
waters of New Jersey by aid of the same power. Living- 
ston, who was an associate of Fulton, sought to have lliis 
latter act repealed, and succeeded. Meanwhile, another 
opponent arose in the person of one Thomas Gibbons, who 
inaugurated an opposition line to Ogden & Dod. Much 
litigation ensued, not only as regarded the conflict of the 
States respecting the waters bounding each, but also as to 
the rights involved. Colonel Ogden, impressed wqth the 
equity and justice of his claims, resisted to the utmost the 
opposing forces ; but all his efiforls, which were of the 
greatest, were unavailing. He lost his fortune, and to add 
to this, domestic affliction supervened, and he never recu- 
perated. In 1829 he removed to Jersey City, and towards 
the close of that year was arrested for debt in New York 
city, where he was in confinement for several weeks, and 
although his friends offered to settle the amount, he for- 
bade them. As soon as these proceedings were known at 



BIOGRAPHICAL EXCYCLOP.IiDIA. 



Albany, an act was passed not only forbidding in future 
imprisonment for debt, where a soldier of the Revolution 
was concerned, but making this law retroactive, and 
Colonel Ogden was accordingly discharged. A similar 
law was also enacted by New Jei'sey. In his declining years 
he was provided for by being appointed Collector of Cus- 
toms at Jersey City, an act of Congress being passed creat- 
ing that city a port of entry ; he held this position until his 
death, having received his commission from President 
Jackson, whom he had supported in preference to Adams, 
whom he regarded as a renegade from the old Federal 
party, with which he had Tor so long a {)eriod been con- 
nected. He was one of the original members of the So- 
ciety of the Cincinnati, of New Jersey, which was formed 
at Elizabethtown in June, 17S3, and became President of 
this Slate society in 1S24, being the immediate successor 
of General Bloomfield. In 1S25 he was chosen Vice- 
President of the general society, and was elected President- 
General in 1829. He was elected a Trustee of Princeton 
College in 1803, and was ex officio President of the Board 
during his term as Governor of the State; in 1S17 he was 
again elected a Trustee, holding the position during life. 
In iSl5 \i\% Alma Mater confeired on him the honorary 
degree of Doctor of Laws. He was married, October, 
1787, to Elizabeth, daughter of John Chetwood; she died 
in 1825. He survived her fourteen years'! and •died in. 
Jersey City, April 19th, 1839, at the advanced age of eighty- 
three years. 



.\TERSON, HON. WILLIAM, Lawyer, Jurist 
and Statesman, was born, circt 1745, in the north 
ol Ireland, and when but two years of age came 
to America. They first located at Trenton, next 
at Prirtceton, and finally settled at Raritan, now 
Somerville, where his father died in 1781. Wil- 
liam entered the Colle;j;e of New Jersey, at Princeton, and 
graduated in 17,63. He then :studied law with Richard 
Stockton, one of the- signers of the Declaration, and was 
licensed as an a(ton>ey-at-law in 1769. He opened his 
office at Bromley, in Hunterdon county, but afterwards 
removed to Princeton, where he became associated with his 
father and brother in mercantile business. In 1775 he was 
a delegate in the Provincial Congress, and was Secretar)- 
of the same at both its sessions. He was also a member of 
the Congress which met at Burlington in 1776, of which he 
was likewise Secretary. When the State government was 
organized, during the same year, he was made Attorney- 
General, and his position was a difficult one, as he was 
obliged to attend courts in dilTerent counties, liable at any 
time to be captured hy the British army, which had then 
invaded the State ; he was also at the same time a member 
of the Legislative Council. In 1780, while still occupied 
with his duties as Attorney-General, he was named a 
delegate to the Continental Congress; but he declined the 



appointment, inasmuch as he coidd not faithfully discharge 
ti.e duties of both stations. When peace was declared, in 
1783, he resumed his practice as an attorney, removing his 
ofiice and residence to New Brunswick. He was named as 
one of the members of the Convention which met in Phila- 
delphia in 1787 to frame the Federal Constitution. There 
were two plans presented to that body, one by Edmond 
Randolph, of Virginia, and the other by William Patei-son, 
the former being favored by the larger and the latter by the 
smaller States. The result was a compromise by which a 
general government was formed, partly federal and partly 
national. After the Constitution of the United States was 
ratified, William Paterson and Jonathan Elmer were elected 
by the Legislature of New Jersey Senators of the United 
.States. The former retained his seat but a single year, for 
in 1790, on the death of Governor Livingston, he was 
chosen as his successor by the Legislature, and his adminis- 
tration' was so successful that at the end of his term he was 
re-elected without much opposition. In 1792 a law was 
enacted authorizing him to codify all the statutes of Great 
Britain which prior to the Revolution were in force in the 
colony of New Jersey ; together with those passed by the 
Legislature of the Province both before and after the sepa- 
ration from the mother country, so that the work when 
completed should be presented to the Legislature for re- 
enactment, should they deem it proper so to do. This 
work was entered upon by him, and occupied his leisure 
time and attention for six years ; but it was deemed more 
convenient for the Legislature to act upon the statutes thus 
prepared as they emanated seriatim from his revision, than 
to review the whole during a single session. While he was 
thus engaged, he was nominated in 1793 by President 
Washington an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of 
the United States, an office which he held until his death. 
He was engaged in the revision of the laws for six years, 
as stated above, and received for his services the meagre 
sum of $2,500. The volume thus produced has been long 
acknowledged to be the most perfect system of statute law 
produced in any State of the Union. He also greatly im- 
proved the practice of the Court of Chancer)'. During his 
occupancy of the position of Judge of the Supreme Court 
many important cases were tried, among them the trials for 
treason of the persons implicated in the famous " whiskey 
insurrection" in western Pennsylvania; and also that of 
Lyon, tried for a violation of the sedition law. His last 
official act was to preside in the Circuit Court of the 
United States, at New York, in April, 1806, on the trials 
of Ogden and Smith for violation of the neutrality laws in 
aiding Miranda to revolutionize some of the South Ameri- 
can States. .\s he did not agree with the Associate Judge 
(Talmadge) he left the bench, and the latter jiroceeded with 
the trial alone. From this time his health began visibly to 
decline, and he withdrew from all active official duties. 
He was an able statesman, an upright judge and a disin- 
terested friend of his courtly. His religious creed was 




A&M.(S)W ®(gffi)^H-. 






BIOGRAPHICAL ENXVCLOr.KDIA. 



*3 



that of the Piesbyteri.m church ; and he was a Trustee of 
their college at Princeton from 1787 to lSo2. lie was twice 
married; he left two children, a son and daughter of his 
first wife, to whom he was united in 1779; his second wife, 
whom he married in New Brunswick, left no issue. He 
died at his daughter's residence, September gth, 1S06, in the 
sixty-second year of his age. His name is perpetuated by 
the thriving manufacturing city near the falls of the Passaic 
river. 



^-OOK, GEORGE H., PH.D., LL.D., Vice Presi- 
dent of Rutgers College, Professor of Chemistry, 
N.rlural History and Agriculture in that institu- 
tion, and State Geologist of New Jersey, was born 
in Hanover, Morris county, New Jersey, January 
5th, 1S18. His parents were John and Sallie 
(Munn) Cook. Obtaining his early education at select 
schools near home, he subsequently became a student at 
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, at Troy, New York, en- 
tering in the year 1836 and leaving it in 1838. For a short 
lime thereafter he followed actively the profession of civil 
engineering, being engaged first along the line of the Morris 
& Essex Railroad, and then with Ephraim Beach, who was 
the chief engineer of the Catskill & Can.ajoharie Railroad 
an enterprise that never reached completion. In the sprints 
of 1840 he received the appointment of Assistant Professor 
of Engineering at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. His 
labors in this position met with .appreciation in his appoint- 
ment, in 1S42, to the Senior Professorship, and this position 
he filled with much accept.ability. In 184S he entered the 
Albany Academy as Professor of Mathematics and Mental 
Philosophy, occupying the chair until 1851, when his valu- 
able services as an educator led to his selection as Principal 
of the academy. For two years he retained this post, adding 
by his able administration to the high reputation enjoyed by 
the institution, and then accepted a call to Rutgers College 
as Professor of Chemistry and Natural History, a chair for 
which he was exceptionally qualified and which he has 
filled with great advantage to the college. In 1864 he was 
appointed Vice-President of the college, and this position he 
occupies at the present time. His attainments as a geolo- 
gist secured for him the charge of the southern division of 
New Jersey as Assistant State Geologist, which he held 
from 1854 until the survey was suspended, in 1856. Some 
years later, in 1868, he was called upon, by vote of the 
Legislature, to assume the'duties of St.ite Geologist, and he 
has continued to discharge them until now. In 1S64 the 
Legislature established the St.ite Agricultural College in 
Rutgers Scientific School, and the science of agriculture 
was then added to the subjects taught from his chair. He 
has through life been very active in all educational move- 
ments and enjoys a very high reputation not only in the 
State but beyond its borders, as an educator and scientist. 
He is an acknowledged authority in geology, and his geo- 



logical reports, presented to the Legislature, take raidc 
among the ablest of the State papers. He was married' 
March 26ih, 1846,10 Mary H. Ihomas, a native of New 
York State. 



HERRERD, JOHN MAXWELL, Lawyer, late 
of Bclvidere, was born at Mansfield, now ni the 
county of Warren, but then a portion of old 
Sussex, New Jersey, September 6lh, 1794. He 
was the son of Samuel Sheirerd and Ann Max- 
well, his wife, and grandson of John Sherrerd, 
who emigrated to this country from the cily of London in 
the early part of the last century. He settled at the old 
homestead, about one and a half miles from Washington, on 
the line of the Morris & Essex Railroad, where he built a 
mill and carried on milling, store-keeping and farming, 
during his life. He was succeeded in his business by his 
son, who reared a large family, eight daughters and two 
sons, all but one of whom were, at his death, married and 
settled within thirty miles of his home. John was the 
eldest son, and his education was carefully looked after by 
his mother, who was a woman of strong mind and consider- 
able, culture. He prepared for college at B.iskingridge, 
under the care of Dr. F'inley, and graduated at the College 
of New Jersey in 1812, and soon after commenced the study 
of law in the office of his uncle, Hon. George Maxwell, 
who, dying during his studentship, appointed him the 
guardian of his children. On the death of his uncle, he 
entered the office of Hon. Charles Ewing, afterwaids the 
Chief-Justice of the State, at Trenton, where he w^as a fellow- 
student with Hon. Garret D. Wall. He was admitted to 
the bar as an attorney in November, 1816, and as a coun- 
sellor in February, 1831. Immediately on his admission as 
an attorney, he commenced the practice of law at Fleming- 
ton, New Jersey, in connection with another uncle, William 
Maxwell, Esq., and in l8i8he returned to his old home at 
Mansfield, and practised princi|ially in the old county of 
.Sussex. In 1825 the new county of Warren was erected 
out of a portion of Sussex, and he, having been appointed 
the first Surrogate of the new county, removed to Belvidere, 
the county-seat, in 1826. After this time he constantly re- 
sided there, and was ever fully identified with the prosperity 
of the place. During not less than forty years he was the 
leader of the bar in the northern part of the State, and con- 
tinued in active practice until the time of his death. In 
his earlier days he was an earnest advocate, exceedingly 
sh.arp and somewhat testy in his manner of conducting 
causes, and especially in cross-examination' of unwilling 
witnesses, but during the latter portion of his life he shunned 
as much as possible adverse litigation and the excitement 
of the court-room ; and as he possessed a remarkable fa- 
cility of reproducing in writing the exact words of a witness, 
he was much employed in the business of Master in Chancery, 
where this faculty came in play. Bemg descended from 



24 



BIOGRAPHICAL EN'CYCLOP.€DIA. 



decidedly Presbyterian stock, he early in life connected 
himself with that branch of the church, and while still a law 
student at Trenton, was sent to Philadelphia as one of a 
committee from the First Presbyterian Church to examine 
into the working of the Sunday-school system then just es- 
tablished there. The result of that visit was the organiza- 
tion of a school in connection with the church at Trenton, 
■which is supposed to have been the fii-st one organized in 
the State of New Jersey. From that time until his death he 
was an earnest worker in the cause, and at his grave the 
children of the Sunday-school in Belvidere, of which he was 
then and had been for a long time the superintendent, paid 
a touching tribute to his memory by covering his coffin, 
when lowered to its last resting-place, with bouquets of 
white flowers. As he had early consecrated himself to a 
nobler service than that belonging to this world, he cared 
more for the honor of his Master's kingdom than for 
earthly honors or distinctions, and consequently never took 
an active part in party politics nor sought for office. He 
■was, however, at all times decided in his political faith, and 
was not afraid, at suitable times, to make known his views. 
An original Jefifersonian Democrat, he became a supporter 
of John Quincy Adams, was an old-line Whig, and after- 
ivards a Republican. He was ordained an elder in the old 
Oxford Church, which is one of the first of the organiza- 
tions of the Presbyterian order in the county, and in 1834 
removed his church connection to a new church then first 
organized under the pastorate of Rev. I. N. Candee, D.D., 
in which he remained as the ruling spirit until his death. 
At the organization of this church a plan of systematic be- 
nevolence was adopted under the joint management of Dr. 
Candee and Mr. Sherrerd, which was probably the first 
scheme of the kind ever worked, although now so popular 
in the churches. He was an earnest and active Christian, 
ever ready for any good word or work, though entirely un- 
obtrusive in manner and action. He was married in 1818 
to Sarah Brown, of Philadelphia, and though he survived 
her for more than a quarter of a century, he never formed 
another matrimonial connection. In his manner and all 
his social intercourse he was at all times remarkable for his 
geniality, sprightliness and good-humor. This was espe- 
cially shown in his treatment of children, of whom he was 
exceedingly fond, and who loved him in return with endur- 
ing affection. He was never happier than when surrounded 
by them and ministering to their happiness. He died on 
the 26th of May, 1871, after a short illness brought on by 
exposure in his garden, in which he insisted upon working 
more than his failing strength would allow. His funeral 
was largely attended by old and young, who well knew they 
had lost one of their best friends. Two of his childi-en 
survive him, and are both residents of Belvidere. Samuel 
is now the Law-Judge < f the Court of Common Ple.is of 
Warren County. Sarah D. is marrieil to Dr. P. F. Brake- 
ley, long engaged in the practice of medicine at that place. 
Another son, John Brown, was also a physician, and died in 



the practice of his profession at Scranton, Pennsylvania, in 
1852. He was cut off suddenly and was taken away from a 
sphere of great usefulness and distinction. He left two 
daughters, both of them now well married. 



HERRERD, HON. SAMUEL, Lawyer and Judge, 
of Belvidere, was born in Philadelphia, Pennsyl- 
vania, April 25th, 1S19. His father ■was John 
M. Sherrerd, whose biographical sketch appears 
above, while his mother, Sarah Brown, came from 
^ an old Philadelphia family of Friends, after whom 
Brown street in that city is named. He prepared for a col- 
legiate course at Belvidere and at the Rensselaer Institute, 
of Troy, New York. He entered the Junior class at Prince- 
ton College in 1836, and graduated with the class of 1838. 
Among his classmates were Dr. Horn blower, the late Oliver 
S. Halstead, and General Branch, afterward of the Confed- 
erate army. Determining to adopt his father's profession, he 
began his legal studies with him at Belvidere in 1840. 
After remaining with his father some time, he passed to the 
law office of Judge H. D. Maxwell, of Easton, and was ad- 
mitted to the bar in that city in 1842. For a while he prac- 
tised law at Easton, and then removed South, where he en- 
gaged in the iron business. Associated with him in this en- 
terprise were Judge Maxwell and I. I. Albright. Their 
establishment was known as the Bath & Old Etna Iron 
Works, near the Natural Bridge, Virginia. The tarifi" of 
1847, resulting so disastrously to the iron industry of the 
United States, compelled them to stop their works in 1850. 
Mr. Sherrerd then returned North, and settled at Scranton. 
The extensive iron and coal interests of that place were just 
about being developed, and he superintended the construc- 
tion of its first coal-breaker, and also its first shipment of 
coal. He occupied first the position of Paymaster and after 
that of Mining Engineer for the Delaware & Lackawanna 
Railroad Company, then known as the Leggett's Gap Rail- 
road Company. In 1857 he returned to the practice of law 
in Scranton, and for a while acted as the Secretary of llie 
Dickson Manufacturing Company. His career in Scranlon 
was eminently that of a man of enterprise and progressive 
ideas, and his intelligent labors for the development of the 
great natural resources of the surrounding region won for 
him the high respect and esteem of the community. During 
1867 he returned to his early home, Belvidere, and for a 
time was connected with the Belvidere Manufacturing 
Company. After the closing up of that enterprise he 
was appointed Law-Judge of W'arren County, in place 
of Hon. J. M. Robeson, resigned. This position he .still 
holds. He is regarded as a man of unquestionable in- 
tegrity, and is highly respected by the bar and his fellow- 
citizens. He was married in 1847 to Miss Hnmilton, a 
daughter of the late General Samuel R. IlaniiltiUi, of 
Trenton. 



/ 



EIOGRAFHICAL E^XYCLOP.■EDIA. 



25 



I ALL, HON. GARRET DORSET, Lawyer, Sol- 
dier and Statesman, was born, 17S3, in Middle- 
town township, Monmoutli county, New Jersey, 

^yj^Ta ^f"l w^s the fourth chiLl uf James and 

N-'i"^ (Dorset) Wall. On his paternal side, he was of 
English lineage, his father being the fourth in de- 
scent from Walter Wall, who emigrated from Great Britain 
about the middle of tlie seventeenth centuiy to Massachu- 
setts, where he resided for a sliort lime, removing thence to 
Long Island, and eventually settling in Monmouth county. 
New Jersey, in 1657. His father, James Wall, had been an 
officer in the war for independence, and was a participant 
in the celebrated battle of Monmouth, where he personally 
captured an English officer, who tendered him his sword. 
Garret was barely nine years old when his father died, leav- 
ing a widow and six children, with but slender means of 
support. At this juncture, his father's brother. Dr. John G. 
Wall, of W^oodbridge, received Garret into his own family, 
and he resided with his uncle until the lalter's death, in 
179S. He received a fair education, including instruction 
in the Greek and Latin languages, until he attained his fif- 
teenth year — the period of his uncle's death — when he re- 
moved to Trenton, and at that early age became a student- 
at-Iaw in the office of General Jonath.-in Rhea, who, at that 
period, was clerk of the Supreme Court of the State. His 
pecuniary means were very limited, but his preceptor gave 
him employment in the office, which yielded him his prnici- 
pal means of support. He was a careful student, acquaint- 
ing himself not only with the principles of the common law, 
but paying particular attention to those bearing upon real 
estate, the laws of inheritance and titles. In addition to 
these he familiarized himself with the practice of the court 
in whose office he was an employe ; so that, in after years, 
his opinions on all matters relating to that practice carried 
great weight by reason of his thorough knowledge of the 
subject in question. On arriving at the age of twenty-one 
years, he was duly examined and licensed as an attorney, 
and at once commenced the practice of his profession at 
Trenton, and by his urbane manners, as well as his exten- 
sive reading, gradually attained a remunerative line of prac- 
tice. At first, however, owing either to extreme diffidence, 
or a seeming want of confidence in himself, he experienced 
great difficulty in conducting his pleadings; and even after 
overcoming, in a measure, this hesitating mode of speaking, 
he never entirely eradicated it. In 1S57 he was advanced 
to the grade of counsellor-at-law, which largely increased 
his emoluments. He continued diligently eng.aged in his 
profession until 1812, when he was elected Clerk of the 
Supreme Court for the term of five years. This position was 
doubly important, as it served not only to largely increase his 
income, but also as a means of introducing him to a widely 
extended practice. He failed, however, to be re-elected, 
and returned to the practice of his profession. During his 
term of service as clerk of the court the war of 1S12 with 
Great Britain transpired ; and he, being imbued with a large 
4 



share of military and patriotic feeling, and also inheriting 
the same from his father, volunteered his services in a com- 
pany of' uniformed militia, of which he had been for some 
years a lieuten.int. As Captain of the Phoenix Infantry 
Corps, he was detailed, in connection with other troops, to 
aid in the protection of the city of New York. He even 
contemplated resigning his office of Clerk of the Supreme 
Court to accej)! a position on Colonel Ogden's staff, had th.at 
officer accepted the position of Major-General. In 1S20 he 
was again advanced to the rank of sergeant-at-law, which 
title enabled him to still further enlarge his growing prac- 
tice. In 1S22 he was elected, on a "Union" ticket, a 
member of the lower branch of the State Legislature, to 
represent Hunterdon county in that body, where he distin- 
guished himself by his thorough knowledge of law, both 
common and statute, which enabled him to take a leading 
part in that body. He opposed, with great earnestness, the 
indiscriminate exercise, which the Legislature then pos- 
sessed, of granting divorces; and succeeded for a time in 
arresting this species of personal legislation. Up to this 
time he had been a zealous, earnest member of the Federalist 
party; but, at length, from conviction he became a pro- 
nounced Democrat, or " Republican," as they were some- 
times termed in those days, and was among the earliest 
supporters, in 1824, of General Jackson for the Presidency. 
In 1827 he succeeded in securing the nomination, on the 
Democratic ticket, for member of Assembly for Hunterdon 
county, the office he had held five years previously, notwith- 
standing the fact that the leaders of that party were strongly 
opposed to him : but he appealed to the masses, who placed 
him in nomination, and these elected him at the polls. He 
at once took the front rank among the Democracy, and two 
years later he was elected by the Legislature Governor of 
the State, which high position he, however, declined. In 
the same year, without any solicitation on his part, he was 
nominated, by President Jackson, United States District 
Attorney for New Jersey, which official station he held for 
several years, discharging its duties with energy and ability. 
In 1834 he was elected, by the Stale Legislature, a member 
of the United States Senate, where he served during the 
last two years of Jackson's second temi, and the entire four 
years of Van Buren's administration ; and to whose policy 
and tenets he gave an unhesitating support. He was no- 
ticeable in his condemnation of the measures put foilh in 
favor of rechartering the United St.ates Bank, and one of the 
most effective speeches he ever delivered while a Senator 
was in opposition to the advocates for a continuance of that 
fiscal institution. After his term expired he returned to 
Burlington, which town had been his home since 1828, and 
recommenced his professional duties, which he pursued 
until stricken by disease. From this attack he partially re- 
covered, and engaged in some important. cases. He ear- 
nestly advocated the measures which culminated in the as- 
sembling of a Constitutional Convention, in 1S44, and mani- 
fested a great interest in the adoption of the new Constilu- 



26 



ElOGRAPIIICAL EXCVCLOP.EDIA. 



tion which had been framed by them. Although not a 
member of the body which prepared it, yet he was able to 
aid the members by his counsel and advice while they were 
progressing in their work. In 1848 he was made a member 
of the Court of Errors and Appeals, and in that high tribunal 
his great learning and research enabled him to reacli an inr- 
partial conclusion on the various legal questions sulmiitted 
to that body of learned jurists. He occupied this position 
until a second attack of his disease ended fatally. He was, 
as already remarked, a counsellor of the highest ability and 
learning; while, as a pleader, he enteied into the case as -if 
he were the client, not the attorney, and some of his argu- 
ments before the jury or court were of the highest eloquence. 
As a partisan he was remarkably free from paity bitterness ; 
and never allowed his friendships to be sundered, though 
his political belief might condemn the measures advocated 
by his most intimate and valued associate. He was an 
earnest advocate for the cause of education, and took a 
lively interest in the establishment of Burlington College, 
and was an active member of the Board of Trustees of that 
institution. He was eminently distinguished for his hospi- 
tality and Tor his willingness to advise all those who sought 
his counsel, although reaping no pecuniar)' benefit from it. 
In fact, he was deemed, by those who knew him best, as 
entirely too liberal in this respect. He was proud of his 
native State, and of the leading part she took in the revolu- 
tionary war; moreover, as said above, he inherited a taste 
for military duties, as was evinced by his connection with a 
volunteer company which dated back to the days of '76. 
In personal appearance he looked the soldier, and when, in 
after years, he .acquired the title of General, from having 
lield the position of Quirtermaster-fteneral of the State, his 
vei-y step seemed to indicate that he was born to command. 
He w.as twice married ; his first wife, to whom he was united 
shortly after being admitted to the bar, was a daughter of 
his preceptor. General Jonathan Rhea. His second mar- 
riage took place in the autumn of 182S. He died in No- 
vember, 1850. 

'OWELL, HON'. RICHARD, Lan7er, Soldier and 
Governor of New Jersey, was born, October 25th, 
■754 (with his twin brother Lewi--), in Newark, 
Newcastle county, Delaware, and was one of 
eleven children whose father was Ebenezer 
Howell, the latter being the son of the founder 
of the American branch of the family, who left Wales in 
1729 and settled in Delaware. Richard and his brother 
Lewis were educated in Newcastle, and remained there 
until about 1774, when they removed to New Jei-sey, 
whither their father had preceded them some five years 
previously, settling in Cumberland county, a few miles to 
the west of Bridgeton. Both brothers at that date were 
strongly imbued with patriotic ardor, and were of the party 
who, in November, 1774, disguised as Indians, broke into 



a storehouse at Greenwich, removed the brig " Grey- 
hound's" cargo of tea, and burned it. For this the party 
were sued by the owners, but the case never came to trial ; 
for the Whig sheriff had taken care to summon a Whig 
grand jury, who ignored the bill, although the royalist judge 
charged them to find a true one. Richard Howell had 
commenced the study of law, but was obliged to suspend 
his readings and enlist in the cause of independence. 
Early in 1775 he was appointed a subaltem officer in a 
company of light infantry, and in December of that year 
was commissioned a Captain in the 2d Regiment of the 
line, commanded by Colonel Maxwell. The regiment was 
ordered to Canada, and participated in the att.ack on 
Quebec, where they were rejjulsed. However, Captain 
Howell was promoted to a Majorship, for the valor he 
displayed on that and several other occasions ; and when 
the New Jersey regiments were reorganized Colonel Max- 
well became a Brigadier-General, wilh Howell as Brigade- 
Major. They participated in the battle of Krandywine, and 
where Lewis Howell, Richard's twin brother, served as 
surgeon ; the latter was captured, but fortunately esca]ud. 
The day prior to the battle of Monmouth Surgeon Howell 
died from an attack of fever, w.thoul being able lobid fare- 
well to his brother Richard, who was wilh his command 
awaiting the expected battle. He shortly after resigned 
from the army by special request of General Washington, 
who immediately ordered him to transact certain duties of a 
private nature, which he could not perform while holding 
a military commission from Congress. It is generally sup- 
posed that the nature of this business was to discover by the 
best means he could the proceedings of the British com- 
manders. In 1779, having received his license as an 
attorney, he commenced the practice of law in Cumberland 
county, where he resided for sever.al years. Early in 17SS 
he removed to Trenton, and shortly afterwards was elected 
Clerk of the Supreme Court. He served in this office until 
1793, when, William Paterson being appointed a Justice 
of the United Slates Supreme Court, Howell was chosen by 
the Legislature Governor of the Stale, to fill the v.".canry 
then existing; and as he gave enlire satisfaction in that 
high station he was annually re-elected, almost always 
unanimously, until 1801, when the Republican or Jefferson 
party gained the ascendency, and he was succeeded by 
Joseph Bloomfield. During his incumbency as Governor, 
in 1794, the famous Whiskey Insurrection broke out in 
western Penns\lv.ania, and Governor Howell was named 
by President Washington as commander of the right wing 
of the army detailed to operate against the insurrectionists. 
After marching to the extreme western boundary of Penn- 
sylvania the insurgents were overawed, and did not hazard 
a battle, and the troops were dismissed by an order of Gen- 
eral Washington, dated at Pittsburgh, November 17th, 1794, 
and shortly afterwards marched back to New Jersey. After 
his vacation of the gubernatorial chair he returned to the 
practice of the law, continuing to reside in or near Trenton. 



EIOGRArinCAL EAXVCLOr.EDIA. 



27 



He was married in November, 1779, to a daughter of 
Joseph Burr, of Burlinsjton county, by whom he had nine 
children, some of whom died in infancy. Richard, born 
1794, was in 1812 a lieutenant of infantry, and was aide to 
Brigadier-General Pike when he was killed at the blowing 
up of Fort George in Canada. Another son, William, was 
a lieutenant in the marine corps; and Franklin was a lieu- 
tenant in the navy, and was killed on board the frigate 
" President." Governor Howell died at his residence, 
near Trenton, May 5th, 1S03. 



/ 



[LOOMFIELD, HON. JO.SEPH, Lawyer, Soldier 
and Governor of New Jersey, was born, 1755, at 
Woodbridge, Middlesex county, and was the son 
of Dr. Moses Bloomfield, who was probably de- 
scended from Thom.as Bloomfield, who lived at 
Newbuiy, Mass.achusetts, in 1638, and afterwards 
removed to New Jersey. He was educated at a classical 
school taught by Rev. Enoch Green, at DeerfieUI, Cumber- 
land county; after leaving which lie commenced the study 
of the law with Cortlandt Skinner, attorney-general of the 
province, who during the Revolution was a Tory, and left 
the country with his family after independence had been 
achieved. In 1775 Bloomfield was licensed as an attorney, 
and commenced the practice of his profession in Bridgeton. 
In February, 1776, he received a commission as Captain 
in the 3d New Jersey Regiment, which was ordered to 
Canada. On their way thither Captain Bloomfield was 
ordered to arrest his old preceptor, Skinner, at Perth 
Amboy, but who, however, had taken refuge on board a 
British man-of-war. The regiment, on its arrival at Albany, 
received news of the retreat of the Continental troops from 
Quebec, and was subsequently marched up the Mohawk 
valley to restrain the Indians. Thence, in the following 
November, they repaired to Ticonderoga, where Captain 
Bloomfield was named Judge Advocate of the Army of the 
North. There being much sickness and exposure, he fell 
ill, and on Christmas day left for home. He was subse- 
quently promoted Major of the 3d Regiment. In 1778 he 
resigned from the army, and in the autumn of the same 
year was chosen Clerk of the Assembly, and was for several 
years Register of the Admiralty Court. In 17S3 he was 
elected Attorney-General of the State, was re-elected in 
1788, and resigned in 1792. Shortly after his resignation 
from the army he had removed to Burlington, which be- 
came his future residence, except when absent on public 
service. In 1793 he was chosen as one of the Trustees of 
Princeton College, which he resigned in iSoi. He w.as 
General of Mililia in 1794, and took the field as commander 
of a brigade to aid in the suppression of t/e Whiskey Insur- 
rection in western Pennsylvania, marching with the troops 
to the district where these troubles arose, and was instru- 
mental in quelling the insurgents without recourse to arms. 



In 1792 he had been one of the Electoral College of New 
Jersey, voting for Washington and Adams for the respective 
offices of President ami Vice-President of the United Slates; 
but owing to his opposition of the latter w.as not appointed 
an elector in 1796. This opposition to Adams accordingly 
made him friendly to Jeffersun, the avowed leader of the 
Republicans, since termed Democrats, and he was chosen 
to succeed Richard Howell as Governor of the State. This 
was in the autumn of iSoi, when he received thirty voles, 
while his opponent, Richard Stockton, commanded but 
twenty. In the election, held in 1802, each candidate re- 
ceived twenty-six votes, and the balloting thereafter with 
different candidates resulted in a tie. Notwithstanding all 
efforts of compromise nothing resulted, and New Jersey 
had no governor for a year, the duties of the office being 
performed agreeably to the constitution by the Democratic 
vice-president of the Council, John Lambeit. In 1803 he 
received thiity-three votes, while his old opponent could 
only poll seventeen ; and in 1804 he counted thirty-seven 
votes, and Mr. Stockton sixteen, in all. He was subse- 
quently re-elected, until 1812, without opposition. In June, 
1812, war was declared against Great Britain, and he was 
shortly thereafter appointed a Brigadier-General by Presi- 
dent Madison, in the army destined for the invasion of 
Canada. Early in 1813 his brigade marched to Sackett's 
Harbor, and a portion of them, under General Pike, crossed 
into that province, attacked Fort George, were repulsed, 
and the general killed. General Bloomfield was soon 
withdrawn and ordered to the command of a military dis- 
trict, with his head-quarters at Philadelphia, wdiere he 
remained until the close of the war. He then returned to 
Burlington, where he re-commenced the practice of his 
profession, and in 1S16 w.is elected, by the Democrats, a 
member of Congress, and re-elected in iSiS, closing his 
career in that body March 3d, 1821. He was Cliaiiman 
of the Committee on Revolutionary I'ensions, and suc- 
ceeded in introducing and having enacted the bills granting 
pensions to the veteran soldiers of the Revolution and their 
widows. During the period of his serving as Governor he 
was exofficio President of the Board of Trustees of Prince- 
ton College; and in 1819 he was again elected a Trustee 
of that institution, which position he held until the close 
of his life. He was for many years an active member and 
President of the " New Jersey Society for the Abolition of 
Slavery," an organization that must not be confounded with 
those other societies which afterwards degenerated into 
societies of a fanatical character. The .societies first formed 
for the abolition of .slavery confined themselves to protect- 
ing slaves from abuse, and to aiding them to obtain their 
liberty by legal proceedings. Writs of habeas corpus were 
procured, and many negroes claimed as slaves were de- 
clared by the Supreme Court to be free. Joseph Bloomfield 
was throughout his whole career a firm Republican, or, as 
was afterwards styled, a firm Democrat in his ]iolitic.al 
belief; while in Congress he was regarded as a sound 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.€DIA. 



legislator; a brave soldier in the field, and in private life 
an estimable citizen. He was married, about 1779, to 
Mary, a daughter of Dr. William Mcllvaine, of Burlington; 
she died in 18 iS. A few years afterwards he married a 
lady who survived him. He died at Burlington, October 
) 3 •^ dj 1S2!; . The inscription on his tomb states the simple 
— ""Tacts that he was "A soldier of the Revolution; late 
Governor of New Jersey." 

si ~^^ 

JeNNINGTON, WILLIAM SANDFORD, Soldier, 
Lawyer, Jurist and Governor of New Jersey, was 
born in Newark, and was the great-grandson of 
Ephraim Pennington, one of the original settlers 
of Newark, who removeil in 1667 from the colony 
of Connecticut. Very little is known concerning 
the youth of Governor Pennington, excepting that he was 
apprenticed to his maternal uncle, from whom he was 
named ; and that as the uncle espoused the cause of the 
royalists, while the nephew w.is an ardent revolutionist, the 
indentures were cancelled and he entered the Continental 
army. lie was at first a non-commissioned officer of 
artilleiy; and being discovered by General Knox entirely 
unsupported, during a skirmish, actively loading and firing 
one of the cannon, and exhiliiting so much courage, he was 
commissioned on the field a Lieutenant of Artillery, to take 
rank from September I2lh, 1778. From his private journal, 
he appears to have been present at the execution of Major 
Andre, October 2d, 17S0; and w.as ordered to join a de- 
tachment of troops, January 25th, 17S1, to assist in quelling 
a mutiny among the Pennsylvania and New Jersey troops 
at Morristown, New Jersey. It is believed that he w-as 
present during the siege of Yorktown, and that he was 
wounded in some engagement with the enemy; he had been 
promoted to a brevet Captaincy when he left the army. 
After the war he was engaged in business as a hatter, and 
subsequently embarked in mercantile pursuits in Newark. 
In 1797 he was elected a member of the General Assembly, 
which position he held for three years. In 1801 he was 
chosen a member of the Council, and re-elected in 1802. 
He was at this period, and subsequently for twenty years, a 
leading member of the Reinihlican or Democratic party. 
He had entered, about the year iSoo, upon the study of the 
law with Mr. Boudinot, and in May, 1802, was licensed as 
an attorney. Before he could be appointed a counsellor-at- 
law he was elected, in February, 1S04, an Associate Justice 
of the Supreme Court ; and in 1806 was appointed Reporter 
of the same. He retained this position until 1813, when 
he was elected Governor of the State, being the successor 
in that office of Colonel Ogden, and was re-elected in 1814. 
In 1815 he was nominated by President Madison as Judge 
of the United States District Court for New Jersey, vice 
Robert Morris (deceased), and was confirmed by the Senate. 
He held this position until his death, his residence being 



Newark. He was, as already stated, a true Democrat ; yet 
he regarded John Quincy A<lanis as the true Republican 
(democratic) successor of Presidents Jefferson and Madison. 
He enjoyed the respect of all men, and during his entire 
career was never known to have an enemy. He was re- 
garded by all as a good citizen, a faithful friend and a just, 
unswerving judge. He died September 17th, 1826. 



■^ ICKERSON, MAHLON, Lawyer, Jurist and Gov- 
ernor of New Jersey, was born in 1 771, and was 
a descendant of Philemon Dickerson, who with 
his brothers emigrated from England in 1638 and 
settled originally in Massachusetts. Four of his 
grandsons and children of his son Thomas re- 
moved to Morris county. New Jersey, in 1745, and from 
these the Dickersons, and Dickinsons, as some term them- 
selves, of New Jersey, are descended. Mahlon was the 
grandson of one of these four brothers, and the son of Jon- 
athan Dickerson. He graduated from Princeton in 1789; 
and after leaving college studied law, and was licensed as 
an attorney in 1793. In the following year he served as a 
member of Captain Kinney's cavalry company, in the 
expedition sent to western Pennsylvania to aid in the 
suppression of the celebrated Whiskey Insurrection. He 
subsequently, with his brothers, removed to Philadelphia, 
which for many years thereafter became their residence. 
In that city he entered the law office of James Milnor, who 
afterwards was a member of Congress, and who ultimately 
studied divinity and became a distinguished clergyman of 
the Episcopal Church. Mahlon Dickerson was admitted to 
the bar in Philadelphia in 1797. Shortly afterwards he was 
elected a member of the Common Council ; and being an 
earnest Republican was named by President Jefferson, in 
1802, as a Commissioner in Bankruptcy. In 1S05 he was 
appointed Adjutant-General of the Commonwealth of Penn- 
sylvania by Governor McKean, and resigned the same three 
years after to accept the position of Recorder of the City of 
Philadelphia, which was, as then constituted, a judicial 
office, to be held during good behavior, and exercising 
criminal jurisdiction in the city proper. In iSlohis father 
died, leaving a valuable estate, and Mahlon Dickerson re- 
moved to Morris county, New Jersey, wdiere he continued 
to reside, except when employed in public business, until 
the close of his life. He was elected in 1812, and re- 
elected in 1S13, a. member of the General Assembly of New 
Jersey, from Morris county. While thus a representative 
he was elected by the two houses of the Legislature a Jus- 
tice of the Supreme Court, and also chosen Reporter of the 
same, but did not accept the latter appointment. In 1815 
he was elected Governor of the State, without opposition, 
and re-elected in 1S16. While occupying the gubernatorial 
chair, in February, 1817, he was elected United States 
Senator, and served in that capacity for sixteen years. In 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 



29 



May, 1S34, he was named by President Jackson as Minister 
to Russia, and expected to accept tlie position, but yielded 
to the persuasions of Martin Van Buren, who was then an 
aspirant for the Presidency, and he declined the office and 
devoted all his energies towards securing the succession in 
the Presidential office to his friend. Van Buren. In June, 
1S34, he became Secretary of the Navy, and resigned there- 
from in 1838. In September, 1S40, he was appointed to 
succeed Judge Kossell in the District Court, which he held 
for about six monlhs, when he resigned, and his brother, 
Hon. Philemon Dickerson, was appointed. He subse- 
quently was President of the American Institute, of New 
York city. During his term as Senator of the United States 
he was a leading member of that body, affiliating at first 
with the Republicans or Democrats, and afterwards became 
a member of the Jackson and Van Buren Democracy. He 
was largely interested in the mining and manufacture of 
iron in Morris county, and so favored a high protective 
taiifl, in opposition to the views of many of his political 
brethren. He was kind, amiable and highly esteemed as a 
man of sound judgment and a safe legislator. He was pos- 
sessed of a large fortune, but had no issue, never having 
married. He died at his residence in Suckasunny, Morris 
county, October 5th, 1853, aged eighty-two years. 



^^REEN, REV. JACOB, D. D., of Hanover, Morris 
county, was born at Maiden, in the State of Mas- 
sachusetts, in 1712. He graduated at Harvard, 
and joined the Rev. George Whitfield in his 
enterprise to Georgia. On reaching Elizabeth- 
town, New Jersey, on their way thither, Mr. 
Whitfield suggested a change of plan, and Mr. Green, on 
the advice of Mr. Dickinson and Mr. Burr, remained at 
that place and studied divinity with the latter. He was 
soon called to settle in the Presbyterian congregation of 
Hanover. He married a daughter of Rev. John Pierson, 
for a long time the pastor of the Presbyterian Church of 
Woodbridge, New Jersey, and who was a son of Rev. 
Abraham Pierson, the first president or rector of Yale Col- 
lege, and a grandson of the Rev. Abraham Pierson, one 
of the first settlers, from Connecticut, of Newark, and the 
first pastor of the church in that city. Jacob Green, although 
a clergyman, took a deep interest in the impending conflict 
brtween England and the colonies, and was an earnest 
Whig. On the fourth Tuesday of May, 1776, he was 
elected from the county of Morris a member of the Pro- 
vincial Congress of New Jersey, which organized at Bur- 
lington the loth of June, 1776, by choosing Samuel Tucker, 
Esq., President, and William Patterson, Esq., Secretary. 
On the 2ist of June the Provincial Congress resolved that a 
government be formed for regulating the internal police 
of the colony, pursuant to the recommendation of the Con- 
tinental Congress of the 15th of May. A committee was 



appointed on the 24th of June to prepare a constitution, of 
which Jacob Green was the chairman. It consisted, be- 
sides the chainnan, of John Cooper, Jonathan D. Sargeant, 
Lewis Ogden, Theophilus Elmer, Elijah Hughes, John 
Covenhoven, John Cleves Symmes, Silas Condict and 
Samuel Dick. The constitution was reported on the 26lh, 
and discussed from day to day until the 2d of July, when it 
was adopted two days before the Declaration of Indejiend- 
ence. The convention, on the 22d of June, authorized 
their delegates " to concur in a declaiation of independence 
and in the formation of a confederacy for union and com- 
mon defence, making treaties with foreign nations, for 
commerce and assistance, and taking such action as might 
appear necessaiy for these great ends." The Constitution 
of New Jersey, adopted July 2d, 1776, remained the or- 
ganic law of the Stale for nearly seventy years, the second 
constitution being framed and adopted in 1844. Jacob 
Green, though pressed to do so, refused to be again a can- 
didate for membership in any legislative body, on the 
ground that his duty as a minister, except on extraordinary 
occasions, required his efforts in his parochial chaige.* He 
was one of the first Trustees of Princeton College, a position 
which he resigned in 1764. He remained in charge of his 
congregation at Hanover for forty-five years, and died there 
in May, 1 790. 

^oREEN, REV. ASHBEL, D. D.. LL. D., President 
of Nassau Hall from 181 2 to 1822, and one of the 
originators of the Theological Seminary at Prince- 
ton, was born in Hanover, Morris county, New 
Jersey, July 6th, 1762. He was the son of the 
Rev. Jacob Green, D. D., a biographical sketch 
of whom appears above. While a youth he served in the 
local militia at the battle of Springfield. He graduated at 
the College of New Jersey in 17S3, and for the succeeding 
two years was tutor at Princeton. In 1785 he was ordained 
a minister of the gospel by the Presbytery of New Bruns- 
wick, and during the same year was chosen Professor of 
Mathematics and Natural Philosophy at Princeton, holding 
Ihe chair until 17S7. In April of the last-mentioned year 
he became colleague-pastor of the Second Presbyterian 
Church in Philadelphia, and succeeded to the pastorate on 
the death of Rev. Dr. Sproat, in 1793. He was a member 
of the body which adopted the Constitution of the Presby- 
terian Church of America, in 17SS, and was also a delegate 
to the General Assembly in 1791. From 1792 to iSoo he 
was, with Bishop White, one of the Chaplains of Congress. 
In 1S09 tie had a primary agency in forming the Phila- 
delphia Bible Society. He was chosen a Trustee of Nassau 
Hall in 1790, and held that office until 1S12, when he 
resigned in order to accept the Presidency of the college. 
This important trust remained in his charge until 1822, 
when he resigned and returned to Philadel|ihia to reside. 
For twelve years thereafter he edited the monthly Chriidan 



3° 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENXVCLOP.EDIA. 



AJvocale. Recognizing llie necessity for the establishment 
of a llieological seminary in connection with the college at 
Princeton, he became one of its originators, was the firet 
President of its Board of Directors, and a director until his 
death. He was also a Trustee of the Jefferson Medical 
College, of Philadelphia. Although he did not give much 
attention to authorship, many of his discourses, lectures, 
addresses, etc., were of such a character as to create a great 
demand for their publication. Among these may be 
specially mentioned a " Discourse delivered in the College 
of New Jersey, with a History of the College," published in 
Boston, in 1S22; a " History of Presbyterian Missions," and 
" Lectures on the Shorter Catechism," two volumes. He 
was a logical, bold and powerful preacher. As a man, he 
was possessed of great moral courage, and was character- 
ized by wonderful perseverance and industry. He was an 
able college president, and, while a strict disciplinarian, 
commanded the marked regard of the students. For more 
than half a century he occupied a conspicuous positioo in 
the community, and was one of the leading men of the 
Prestyterian Church. His wife was Elizabeth, daughter 
of Robert Stockton, of Princeton, to whom he was married 
on November 3d, 1785. He died in Philadelphia, M.ay 
iglh, 1S48. 

(» n^ 

^'*'jREEX, J.\MES S., Lawyer, of Princeton, son of 
Rev. Dr. .\shbel Green, was born in Philadelphia, 
on July 22d, 1792. He graduated at Dickinson 
College in iSii, and studied law with Hon. 
George Wood. He was licensed as an attorney 
in 1817; was admitted as counsellor in l82l,and 
received the rank of Sergeant in 1S34. He soon acquired 
a large practice in the courts of the Stale, and was the Re- 
porter from 1831 to 1S36 of the decisions of the Supreme 
Court, published under his name. He represented Somerset 
county for several terms in the first branch of the Legisla- 
ture, then known as the Council, being first elected in 1829, 
and as such was ex-off.cio a member of the Court of Appeals. 
On the accession to office of President Jackson he appointed 
Mr. Green United States District Attorney, which position 
he filled by successive appointments until the election of 
President Harrison. He was nominated by President Tyler 
as Secretary of the Treasury, but, with others, failed of con- 
firmation in the opposition Senate. Under the old consti- 
tution the Legislature in joint meeting had the appointment 
of Governor, who was also Chancellor, and Mr. Green was 
the candidate of the Democratic jiarty for the position, but 
was defeated by Governor Pennington. Mr. Green was 
one of the first directors of the Delaware & Raritan Canal 
Company, which position he occupied until his death, being 
also Treasurer of the Joint Railroad and Canal Companies. 
He was a Trustee of Princeton College from 1S2S to the 
time of his death, and had been Treasurer of the Theologi- 
cal Seminary at that place for many yc.-rs. He was Pro- 



^# 



fessor of the Law Department of the college from 1S47 to 
1S55. His death occurred on November 8th, 1862. At 
the annual meeting of the stockholders of the Delaware & 
Raritan Canal Company, held in Princeton, May Illh, 
1S63, the Hon. Robert F. Stockton, in his report, made the 
following allusion to the loss the corporation had su.stained 
by the death of Mr. Green : "About half a century ago Mr. 
Green commenced his career at Princeton as an attorney-at- 
law. To great suavity of manner he united industiy, accu- 
racy and precision, a sound judgment and talents eminently 
practical and efficient. His deportment was always correct, 
and neither pleasure nor vice impaired his character for 
steadiness and attention to business. He frequently repre- 
sented the people in the Legislature. As a legislator he 
became known throughout the Slate, and the ' Statute 
Book of New Jersey ' bears witness to his wisdom and 
sagacity. The cause of common school education had no 
more meritorious advocate than Mr. Green. In progress 
of time he took rank with the first men in our State in di- 
recting public opinion. He was among the first and most 
efficient friends of internal improvements in New Jersey, in 
constnicting that noble system of public works which, with- 
out imposing on the people the burthen of a State debt, has 
developed the resources of New Jersey and conferred on 
her advantages which no other State in the L^nion pos- 
sesses. As a politician he was firm, though conciliatory 
and kind to his opponents. For many years there was no 
one in the parly to which he belonged who enjoyed more 
completely the public confidence. From the origin of our 
Joint Companies to the day of his death Mr. Green was an 
influential member, enjoying the implicit confidence of all 
connected with them, and holding in them high and re- 
sponsible positions. His fidelity, industry and sagacity, as 
a member of our great corporations, will be always grate- 
fully remembered by all of us who survive him. Distin- 
guished as Mr. Green was, as our true, faithful friend, a 
politician, a legislator and a statesman, it may be perhajis 
from his labors of love as a philanthropist and a Christian 
that his memory will be held dear by a large and distin- 
guished circle of friends. I will not attempt, at this lime, 
to" enumerate and record all the important services of Mr. 
Green as a public benefactor. I hope some one more com- 
petent to such a task will perform it, because such a history, 
while it would do but justice to the dead, might be of ben- 
efit to the living. But his friends will fondly remember the 
alacrity with which he went forward to aid eveiy cause by 
which human suffering could be ameliorated, or religion 
and public virtue promoted. Whether it was to restore by 
colonization the emancipated African to his ancestral home, 
to send the missionary to herald the glad tidings of salva- 
tion to pagan nations, to spread abroad the Bible to all 
destitute people, to build up and foster the Sunday-school, 
Mr. Green was ever ready to take the advance, to marshal 
organizations, or to instruct the public mind and direct 
it to the cnccurngement and support of any benevolent 









BIOGRArillCAL 

enterprise. We care not how bright may be the fame of 
other Christians, whether priest or layman, nor how distin- 
guished their piety, no name is more worthy of commenda- 
tion for a long life of gratuitous and arduous labor in the 
cause of humanity than that of our deceased friend, James 
S. Green." By resolution, this portion of the report was 
published and copies furnished to the family of the de- 
ceased. 



;3REEN, J.\MES S., M. D., of Elizabeth, w.as born 
at Princeton, New Jersey, on July 22d, 1829. 
lie is a son of the late Hon. James S. Green, of 
Princeton, whose biographical sketch precedes 
this, and the grandson of the late Rev. Ashbel 
Green, D. D., LL.D., a distinguished Presby- 
terian clergyman and one of the Presidents of Princeton 
College. His mother's maiden name was Isabella Mc- 
CiiIIdH. He received a collegiate education at Nassau 
Hall, and graduated in June, 1S48. His tastes leading 
him toward the medical profession, he became a student 
of medicine under the direction of Dr. John Neill, of 
Philadelphia, and attended lectures at the University of 
Pennsylvania, medical department, from which he grad- 
uated with the degree of M. D. in April, 1851. Twelve 
months previous to graduation he had been appointed 
Resident Physician to the Wills Hospital for Diseases of 
the Eye, Philadelphia; this position he retained for six 
months after receiving his degree. In the winter of 
1S50-51 he was appointed as Assistant Demonstrator of 
Anatomy in the University of Pennsylvania, and he con- 
tinued to fill the appointment for a period of three years. 
During the summer of 1853 he served as Resident Surgeon 
of the Pennsylvania Hospital. In November of that year 
he removed to Elizabeth, New Jersey, and commenced a 
general practice there. In this city he has since resided. 
Having enjoyed exceptional advantages for study and 
practice, and having thoroughly improved them, he soon 
acquired a high professional reputation, and the substantial 
rewards ordinarily following such an acquisition have not 
been denied him. At the present time his practice is second 
to none in the city or neighborhood. But he has never per- 
mitted its cares to engross the whole of his attention. He 
is a man of large public spirit, and from his settlement in 
Elizabeth he has always manifested an earnest and active 
interest in its affairs. After the incorpor.ation of the place 
as a city, he was chosen the first President of the City 
Council, and in the rapid development of the municipality 
he has borne a prominent part. This development, while 
exceptionally rapid, has at the same time been substantial, 
the improvements under wise administration of public af- 
fairs only keeping pace with the requirements of new and 
expanding industries, and the needs of a growing popula- 
tion. He was married, in April, 1854, to Fanny Win- 
chester, of Baltimore. 



3« 



ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 

-93 

REEN, HON. ROBERT S., Ertwyer, of Elizabeth, 
son of James S. Green, w.is born at l'rincet<in. 
New Jersey, March 25lh, iSji. .\fier a prelim- 
inary training, he became a student at Nassau 
Hall, from which he graduated in 1850. Choos- 
ing the profession of the law, he was, after the 
usual course of study, admitted to the bar in 1853, and be- 
came a counsellor in 1856. While residing in his native 
place he took an active interest in its affairs, and in 1852 
served as a member of its council. In 1856 he removed 
to Elizabeth, and immediately became interested in the 
movement for the creation of Union county ; indeed he was 
largely instrumental in the passage of the act of 1857 by 
which it was accomplished, and which designated Elizabeth 
as the county-seat. During this latter year he was appointed 
Prosecutor of the borough courts by Governor Newell, and 
in the following one became the City Attorney of Elizabeth, 
a position he continued to fill with marked ability for ten 
years. At the expiration of this period he was elected to 
the City Council, and served therein by successive elections 
from 1 868 to 1873. He had been elected Surrogate of 
Union county in 1862, and appointed Presiding Judge of 
the Court of Ccmimon I'leas and county courts in 1868. 
During the succeeding year he was ajijiointed by Governor 
Randolph to the Commercial Convention at Louisville as a 
representative of New Jersey. In his professional capacity 
he has been connected with some of the most important 
movements of recent years in the State. Of these the most 
notable, because of its almost revolutionary and far reaching 
character, m.ay be mentioned the enterprise designed to 
deliver the people of the commonwealth from the monopoly 
long enjoyed by the Camden & Aniboy Railroad Company 
and its successors, the Pennsylvania Railroad Company. 
An organization was effected, known as the National Rail- 
way Company, having for its object the construction of a 
second railroad between the cities of Phil.idelphia and New 
York. At every step the new enterprise was met with 
opposition and litig.ation by its established rival. This oppo- 
sition and litigation culminated in 1872 in the celebrated 
case before the Chancellor's Court in Trenton. In this 
suit, which w.as brought by the Pennsylvania Railroad 
Company, as lessees of the franchises and road of the 
Camden & Aniboy Railroad, against the National Railway 
Company to restrain it from operating a through line from 
New York to Philadelphia, under several charters which 
were to be used as connecting links of the route, Mr. Green 
acted as attorney for the defendants. This litigation led, in 
the succeeding winter, to the fierce contest in the Legislature 
between the railroad companies and the advocates of free 
railroads. Bill after bill granting the rights sought by 
the promoters of the new enterprise passed the House of 
Assembly, only to be killed or smothered in the Senate. 
The Assembly had early in the session passed a bill, intro- 
duced by Mr. Canfield, of Morris, creating a general railroad 
law. This measure had gone to the Senate, and been there 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 



amended by the striking out of all after the enacting clause, 
and the insertion of a bUl that would have been practically 
useless. On the return of this amended bill to the House, 
in the last days of the session, it was referred to a com- 
mittee, consisting of Messrs. Worlhinglon, Canfield, Letson, 
Willets and Sclienck, who, with Messrs. Cortlandt Parker, 
Green, Atlorney-General Gilchrist, and B. W. Throck- 
morton, prepared and perfected a measure which was the 
next day reported to the House by the committee as a sub- 
stitute for the Senate's amendment. The Assembly passed 
it, and, after some small alterations, made by a Committee 
of Conference, it eventually passed both Houses; was 
signed by Governor Parker and became law. Railroad 
monopoly privileges, which had been enjoyed under the 
decision in the case of the Camden & Amboy Railroad 
Company and the Delaware & Raritan Bay Company, even 
after the companies had relinquished their rights to exclu- 
sive privileges, were by this law destroyed, and under it the 
Delaware & Bound Brook Railroad was built on the route 
and partially finished road-bed of the National Railway 
Company, and in connection with the New Jersey Central 
and North Pennsylvania Railroads formed a continuous and 
through line from New York to Philadelphia. With the 
opening of this road was consummated the release of New 
Jersey from one of the most oppressive monopolies known to 
the history of this country, and to Mr. GreenJhe community is 
indebted in no small degree for its deliverance. His great 
ability and tireless care in working up the intricate points 
of the preliminary litigation, and in shaping the subsequent 
legislation, conduced conspicuously to the final triumph of 
popular rights. In 1873 he was appointed by Governor 
Parker, and the nomination received the confirmation of the 
Senate, one of the commissioners to suggest amendments to 
the constitution of the State. In this commission he served 
as Chairman of the Committees on Bills of Rights ; Rights 
of Suffrage ; Limitation of Power of Government, and Gen- 
eral and Special Legislation. The amendments suggested 
were substantially adopted by the two succeeding Legisla- 
tures and ratified by the people at the general election of 
1875. He became a member of the bar of New York in 
Januarj-, 1S74, as a partner in the firm of Brown, Hall & 
Vanderpoel, which afterwards, by changes in its personnel, 
became that of Vanderpoel, Green & Cuming. Politically, 
he is a Democrat, and was a delegate to the convention al 
Baltimore which nominated Hon. Stephen A. Douglas for 
President. He was married October 1st, 1S57. 



c^^^ICKERSON, HON. PHILEMON, Lawyer, Gov- 

-Sn4 I Sfnor and Chancellor of New Jersey, late of 

'wl i Paterson, was born about 1790, and was a son 

^cii of Jonathan Dickerson and a brother of Mahlon 

la Va Dickerson, whose biographical sketch appears 

elsewhere in this volume. He was a resident of 

Philadelphia for a number of years, during which time he 



studied law and was admitted to the bar. Having removed 
to New Jersey, he received his license there as an attorney 
in 1S13; became a counsellor in 1817, and, finally, in 1834 
attained the third and highest degree, that of serjeant-at- 
law. He resided at Paterson, where he entered into the 
practice of his profession, w hich eventually became not only 
extensive but lucrative. In 1833 he was returned to the 
Assembly as a Representative from Essex county. He was 
elected, by the two houses of the Legislature Governor of 
the State in 1836, and filled that position a single year. In 
1839 he was nominated for Congress, and, as was finally 
settled by the majority in the Twenty-sixth Congress, was 
considered elected ; but owing to irregularities in some of 
the returns, the votes were thrown out by two of the county 
clerks, and when the returns were reported to the Governor 
the latter issued the commission to his opponent under the 
l)road seal of the Slate. When Congress met, the disquali- 
fied members were admitted, because their opinions hap- 
pened to coincide with the majority who organized the 
House; while those who held their certificates, as being 
duly elected, were denied the seats. Had they been ad- 
mitted, the ver)- close majority of the administration party 
would have been destroyed, and the opposition would have 
gained the political ascendency. This course resulted in 
the almost entire discomfiture of the power that had so long 
ruled the Union — the election of 1 840 terminating in a 
regular rout of the Democracy. In 1S41, towards the very 
close of President Van Buren's administration, he was ap- 
pointed Judge of the District Court of the United States, 
and held that office during the remainder of his life. He 
was an ardent supporter of Democratic principles as ex- 
pounded by Jackson and his successors. His decisions as 
Chancellor were but few in number, yet none of them were 
e\er reversed in the Court of Appeals. During his service 
of over twenty years in the United States Court he gave 
entire satisfaction, and was acknowledged to be an able 
jurist. He died in 1862. 



AGIE, REV. DAVID, D. D., late of Elizabeth, 
New lersey, was born in the immediate neigh- 
borhood of that place, on March 13th, 1795. 
His life from his infancy to three-score years and 
ten was spent near the same locality and among 
the same people. He was the descendant of a 
line of Scotch Presbyterians, a class of men distinguished 
for their strong, good sense ; their love of peace and order; 
their uniiring industry and their deep, practical piety. 
Pride of birth would have been inconsistent with the 
humility which was a prominent trait of Dr. Magic's char- 
acter, and yet he felt, and has been known so to express 
himself, that he was happier having such an ancestry than 
if he had descended from " loins enthroned and rulers 
of the earth." His parents, Michael M.agie and Mary 
(Meeker) Magie, were for a long time members of the First 



KIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOl'.'EDIA. 



party, formed by the fusion of the supporters of Fremont and 
Fillmore, sinking all personal considerations to promote the 
success of the great principles upon which both sections 
were agreed. At this time he earnestly advocated tlie 
homestead bill as a phase of protection and encouragement 
to American labor. In the National Republican Conven- 
tion of i860 he was brought forward as a candidate for the 
nomination for President, and he occupied a very prominent 
position as such. When Abraham Lincoln began his ad- 
ministration, in March, 1861, he offered him the position 
of United States Minister to France. In connection with 
this offer the following account is given in " Elmer's Rem- 
iniscences of New Jersey " of an interview with the Presi- 
dent : " It was well known in Washington that President 
Lincoln entertained a high opinion of the character, abili- 
ties and public services of Mr. Dayton, and that if he had 
been permitted to exercise his own judgment, he would 
have given him a prominent position in his cabinet. A day 
or two after the abrupt entrance of the President-elect into 
Washington, in the month of February, 1861, the Republican 
delegation in Congress from New Jersey had, by appoint- 
ment, a formal interview with him at his rooms in Willard's 
Hotel, to urge upon him a suitable recognition of Mr. Day- 
ton in the formation of his cabinet. Senator Ten Eyck was 
made the spokesman of the delegation, and he opened the 
subject with a somewhat elaborate statement of the worth, 
talents and party claims of the distinguished Jerseyman. 
Mr. Lincoln's rejjly was prompt and characteristically can- 
did. ' It is not necessary,' he said, ' to speak to me in praise 
of Mr. Dayton ; I have known him since we served in the 
different houses of Congress, at the same lime, and there is 
no public man for whose character I have a higher admira- 
tion. When the telegraphic wires brought to Springfield 
the news of my election, my first thought was that I would 
have him associated with me in council, and would make 
him Secretary of State. But New V'oik is a great State, 
and Mr. Seward has many friends, and I was compelled by 
the pressure upon me to give up the thought. I then de- 
sired to arrange for him some other cabinet position, com- 
mensurate with his abilities; but Pennsylvania, another 
great State, you know, was bound to have a place for Mr. 
Cameron, and I again reluctantly yielded. I then said to 
myself, Mr. Dayton deserves the best place abroad, and I 
will send him to the Court of St. James. But New Eng- 
land pressed her claims for notice, and united upon Mr. 
Adams, and I was driven from that purpose. I then 
thought of the French mission, and wondered if that would 
not suit hirn. 1 have put my foot down now, and will not 
be moved. I shall offer that place to Mr. Dayton, and 
hope it will prove satisfactory to him and his friends.' The 
interview here ended, and although it was generally under- 
stood that the President was surrounded by influences 
hostile to Mr. Dayton, and jealous of his recognition and 
advancement, yet he adhered to his resolution, and offered 
to him the mission to France, which, after some hesitation. 



he acce|)ted." The nomination was at once confirmed by 
the Senate, and in due course Mr. Dayton sailed for France 
and entered upon his duties. These proved to be excep- 
tionally trying, but they found him at all times equal to 
their mastery, his eminent abilities being no less marked in 
his diplomacy abroad than in his statesmanship at home. 
Many difficult and dangerous crises in our relations with 
France were safely passed while the interests of our govern- 
ment in that country were intrusted to his care, owing 
largely to his wisdom and personal influence. Among 
Ihem was the threatened war with England on account of 
the seizure of Mason and Slidell, wherein that country re- 
ceived the countenance and sympathy of France. Also 
among them were the many diflicult questions arising out of 
the French invasion of Mexico ; the presence in the ports of 
France of the rebel cruisers, the " Georgia," " Florida " and 
"Alabama,"as wellasof the " Rappahannock," which was at 
last left unarmed in the port of Calais ; the building of four 
clipper ships at Bordeaux and Nantes, and two iron-clad 
rams at Nantes for the Confederate service, which through 
the exertions and influence of our Minister were by the 
French government prohibited from delivery to the Con- 
federates. The value of the last-mentioned service cannot 
be over-estimated, for had these vessels been successfully 
launched upon a career similar to that of the "Alabama," 
there can be no doubt but that American commerce would 
have been entirely swept from the ocean. From the testi- 
mony of French statesmen of the day it is evident that the 
maintenance of amicable relations between the two govern- 
ments during Mr. Dayton's term as Minister was largely 
owing not only to his ability and statesmanship but to his 
high character and candor of his advice, which always in- 
spired the trust and confidence of the court lo which he was 
accredited. While discharging this high trust death over- 
took him quite suddenly. He died at Paris, December ist, 
1864. Funeral services were held in the American Chapel, 
and in addition to the religious exercises addresses were 
delivered by Mr. Bigelow, then the American Consul, and 
subsequently Minister to France, and by Professor Labou- 
laye, of the French Institute, in which the highest tributes 
were paid to his worth and public services. 



ROOM, HON. PETER D., LL.D., Lawyer, 
Governor and Chancellor of New Jersey for six 
years, late of Trenton, was born in the township 
of Hillsborough, Somerset county. New Jersey, 
December 12th, 1791. He was of Dutch extrac- 
tion. His father. Colonel Peter D. Vroom, an 
old and highly respected citizen of Somerville, was born in 
1745; lived in New York during early life, and married 
Elsie Bogert, al.so of Dutch origin. At the commencement 
of the Revolutionary waf Colonel Vroom was among the 



EIOGRAPIIICAL f:N'CVCLOr.EDIA. 



disparagement lo others, he may be said for years to have 
occupied the position of leader of the bar. While Mr. 
Williamson has avoided public office outside the line of 
professional service, he has, on more than one occasion, 
been prominently urged by friends as United Stales Senator, 
and they only failed of his election by a few votes in 1863 
or 1864. In i860 he was a Deleg.ate at large from the 
St.ite to the Democratic Convention at Charleston, and in 
1861 was appointed one of the delegates to represent New 
Jersey in the Peace Congress which met in Washington, 
composed of delegates from every State, and which was 
called in the hope and for the purpose of averting, if pos- 
sible, the impending conflict between the two sections of the 
countiy. Mr. Williamson has been all his life identified 
with the interests of the church, of education, and the de- 
velopment of the resources of the Slate. He has^ for years 
served as an officer of the church of St. John's-Episcopal 
Parish and of the Union County Uible Society, as Trustee 
of the State Normal School, as Director and Counsel for the 
Central Railroad Company of New Jerseyv-of the State 
Bank of Elizabeth, and as Director and Trustee of the New 
Jersey Southern Railroad Company, as Comniis<;ioner of the 
Sinking Fund of Elizabeth, and in other position? of-tnist, 
bulh public and private. He still lives at Elizabeth, on the 
place formerly the residence of his father. 



rOOPER, RICHARD MATLACK, Bank President, 
Legislator and Judge, late of Camden, born in 
Gloucester county. New Jersey, February 29lh, 
176S, was a descendant of William Cooper, one 
of the first English occupants of a great part of 
the lands on the Delaware river opposite Phila- 
This ancestor, born in 1632, and a resident of 
Coleshill in Hertfordshire, became a convinced member of 
the Society of Friends, and, with his family, incurring a 
share of the persecutions to which that sect were cruelly 
subjected, sought, with others, relief and rest in the "new 
world," where, in 1678, they landed and located at Burling- 
ton, a settlement of West New Jersey, then a few years in 
existence. In a short time he purchased and removed to a 
large survey of land at Pynft Point (now Cooper's Point and 
Camden), opposite the Indian village of Shakamaxon, where, 
two years later, the famous treaty was made. It was at 
William Cooper's house at this place, and at Thomas Fair- 
man's at Shakamaxon, that the first Friends' Meetings in the 
locality of the future Quaker City were allemately held, un- 
til the arrival of William Penn in 1682, when "the ancient 
meeting of Shakamaxon " was removed to the newly-founded 
city of Philadelphia. The meeting at Pyne Point remained 
for some time longer, and a quaint old letter of the time, in 
mentioning this fact, says, " We had then zeal and fervency 
of spirit, although we had some dread of the Indians as a 
savage people, nevertheless ye Lord turned them to be ser- 



viceable to us, and to be veiy loving and kinde." He was 
an active member of the Assembly of West Jersey in the 
first meeting after its organization in 16S1, and in subsequent 
sessions ; and also one of the West Jersey Council of Pro- 
prietors at the first meeting of that body in 16S7, and there- 
after. An accepted minister of the society, he was found 
amongst those who, on behalf of the Yearly Meeting of 
Friends, testified against George Keith, in the celebrated 
conlrovei-sy which for a time threatened schism in the then 
infant church. In the history of the family during succeed- 
ing generations, several served their State in official capaci- 
ties, amongst whom may be mentioned Joseph Cooper, 
chosen to represent Gloucester county in the Assembly for 
nineteen successive years ; and many were prominent in the 
less-public, but no less important stations of ministers and 
elders. in their religious society. The position of the sub- 
ject of this sketch, as a large landed projirielor and a high 
personal character, soon brought him into the political field 
as a successful candidate in several elections for the Legis- 
lative, Council of New Jersey. In 1S13 he became Presi- 
dent of the State Bank at Camden, then recently chartered, 
and held that position by continuous annual elections, until 
a re-election was declined in 1842, the institution mean- 
while proving itself one of the most prosperous in the State. 
In 1839 he.was chosen as Representative to the National 
Congress, and again in 1831. For several years he served 
.IS Presiding Judge of the Gloucester County Courts, and at 
various times filled other minor local positions of trust and 
honor, securing in every station the confidence and respect 
of all classes l)y his judgment, integrity, and amiable deport- 
ment. He 'died- March loth, 1844. 






OOPER, RICHARD MATLACK, M. D., son of 
Richard M. Cooper, was born at Camden, New 
Jersey, August 30th, 1816, In 1S32, after a su- 
perior preliminary training, he entered the literary 
department of the University of Pennsylvania, 
gr.aduated with honor in July, 1836, matriculated 
in the medical department of the same institution in 
October, 1836, and graduated in 1839, having studied 
under the siipervision of the celebrated physician and 
medical author. Professor George B. Wood. Inheriting 
ability of a high order, studious by temperament, and gifted 
with remarkable powers of observation, he laid during 
these years of collegiate life and private study a sure foun- 
dation for success. Beginning professional practice in his 
native city under these favorable auspices, by indefatigable 
labor and study a position was soon won amongst the fore- 
most of his professional brethren. An immense practice in 
the city and neighborhood and a reputation over and be- 
yond the State resulted, yet at no time did onerous engage- 
ments prevent a diligent sludy to keep pace with medical 
progress. Declining health gradually circumscribed bis 




U'L^^Tl^ ^.^r^^^ 




^JS^zxy^^^^^^ o^4^^e^ 



BIOGRArillCAL EXCVCLOr.EDIA. 



usefulness, but neither this nor the possession of ample 
means could induce retirement from the practice of a pro- 
fession loved for itself and for the good it enabled him to 
do, especially amongst the poverty-stricken and destitute 
classes, to whom his charitable services were freely ex- 
tended. Thus devoted to his calling he naturally took a 
deep interest in its welfare, and both as president and 
fellow was an active member of the medical societies of 
his State, county and city, being a founder of the Camden 
District Medical Society, in 1S45, and of the Camden City 
Dispensary, in 1865. He also favored the establishment 
of the Camden Hospital, a project since carried into effect 
through the instrumentality of his brother, William D. 
Cooper, Esq. Honorable in every act, generous and kind by 
nature, of genial manners, a consistent Christian, a skilful 
physician, an earnest and public-spirited citizen, he died May 
25th, 1S74, loved, respected, and sincerely regretted. 



%k 






'OOrEK, WILLIAM DANIEL, Lawyer, son of 
Richard M. Cooper, was born at Camden, New 
Jersey, August 30th, 1S16, graduated at the Uni- 
versity of Pennsylvania in 1S36, studied law 
under the supervision of the Hon. William M. 
Meredith, of Philadelphia, and was admitted to 
the bar of that city and Camden in 1S41. In practice, 
though rarely appearing in the courts, he was recog- 
nized as one of the most sagacious counsellors in the 
profession, and a model of straightforward, strict integrity. 
As a citizen he was public-spirited, and by the judicious 
management of the large estates of his family lying within 
the limits of the city, contributed very materially to its 
growth and improvement, always carefully studying to ad- 
vance the interests of the community. Benevolent and 
philanthropic in disposition, the need of a hospital in West 
New Jersey drew his attention towards establishing such an 
institution, but death occurring before the realization of this 
project, his family, in accordance with the wish and plan 
of their relative, generously donated a large tract of land 
eligibly situated in the city of Camden, and the sum of 
^200,000 for the erection of suitable buildings thereon and 
as an endowment fund for their support. This noble 
charity, incorporated under the title of the Camden Hospital, 
will be ready to dedicate to public service during the early 
part of the present year (1S77). Mr. Cooper died Febru- 
ary i8lh, 1875. 



EARNV, LAWRENCE, late Commodore of the 
United States Navy, was bom, November 30th, 
1789, in the then village of Perth Amboy, New 
Jersey, his father's family and ancestry having 
been among the early settlers of that section. 
From his very boyhood he manifested a fondness 
for a mnriiime life, and in his eighteenth year was the re- 



cipient of a midshipman's warrant at the hands of President 
Jefl'erMn and was immediately ordered to join the gunboat 
flotilla ihen under the connnand of Commodore Rodgers, in 
which he served during the enforcement of the embargo 
laid upon American shipping in 1807. He was next ordered 
to the frigate " Consiitution," and subsequently to the 
" President," both of which vessels were attached to the 
Home Squadron. He remained on the latter vessel until 
1810, when he was transferred to the schooner " Enterprise," 
whose cruising ground extended from Cape Ilatteras to the 
southern point of Florida, and while attached to this vessel 
received his commission as Lieutenant Mn the year 1813. 
In the meantime war had been declared against Great 
Britain, and to the infant navy of the republic was com- 
mitted the honor of the flag as well as the protection of the 
seaboard cities and towns. How well he bore his part in 
the conflict, the brave and gallant acts he performed, are 
told not only by contemporaneous writers, but are also re- 
corded by the impartial historian. At tlie close of the war 
he continued on the " Enterprise " as her Commander, and 
for some time thereafter was engaged on a special service. 
In this new field of operations he was equally successful, 
not only in benefiting his own countrymen, but also in pro- 
tecting the merchantmen of friendly nations, who had 
hitherto been at the mercy of the freebooters and pirates 
who had, from time immemorial, haunted the islands and 
keys from Key West down to the Spanish main. Through 
his active exertions, the band of the noted pirate, Gibbs, 
was completely broken up, a number of them being cap- 
tured, although the chief escaped with some of his outlawed 
companions. Three large vessels ^^'ere recaptured from the 
corsairs, of which two, the American ship " Lucius," and 
the British brig " Larch," were delivered to their respective 
owners; but the American brig "Aristides" had been pre- 
viously stranded. Besides these, he captured five schooners, 
one sloop, and several luggers of the piratical fleet. In 
fact, he effectually cleared the seas of these marauders, and 
not only received the thanks of those at home, but his in- 
valuable services were recognized by the civilized world. 
He remained in the "Enterprise" until that vessel was 
wrecked, and, after some shore service, was advanced to the 
rank of Master Commandant in 1825. Towards the close 
of the following year he was assigned to the command of 
the corvette " Warren," and sailed February 22d, 1827, to 
the Mediterranean. It was not long before he was again ac- 
tively engaged in rooting out the pirates who had been 
operating for a long time in the Grecian archipelago, to the 
detriment of all nations whose interests led them there. 
His exertions not only destroyed iheir stronghold, but com- 
pelled the recipients of a portion of the plunder to disgorge 
their ill-gotten booty. On the comp'eiion of his cruise he 
returned home, and in 1832 received his commission as 
Captain, that being in those days the highest rank in the 
service. For some years he was occupied on shore duly, 
until 1839, when he was assigned to the frigate " United 



12 BIOGRAFIIICAL 

Stale!!." In the following year he was onlcn d to tlie frigate 
" Potomac,'" and sailed for the Brazil station. While in 
harbor at Rio de Janeiro he received the appointment of 
Commander of the East India Squadron, and in February, 
1S41, raised his flag on the frigate "Constellation," and 
soon after sailed for his new sphere of action. He found 
himself on the Chinese coast in 1842, and was prominently 
engaged in endeavoring to prevent the contraband traffic in 
opium. Being instructed by the Navy Department to pro- 
tect American interests in that distant section of the globe, 
he adopted the necessary measures to obtain pecuniary satis- 
faction for those merchants who had been considerable 
losers when the Dutch factory had been plundered by Chi- 
nese. Hitherto all measures had failed in obtaining the de- 
sired redress; but he succeeded in making the officials 
understand that the damages should be promptly an-anged, 
and the amount of indemnity, over a quarter million dollar?, 
was subsequently paid. About this lime Great Britain was 
engaged in concluding a treaty with the Chinese govern- 
ment, which Captain Kearny feared might prove to the 
disadvantage of the United States, unless steps were taken 
to obviate it. He accordingly addressed a letter to both the 
Imperial Commissioners and also to the Governor of the 
Canton province, who advised him that to the United States 
would be accorded the same privileges as those which should 
be granted to Grcit Britain. Having secured this favorable 
reply, he communicated these proceedings to the Navy 
Department ; and the Washington government thereupon 
availed itself of the opening he had thus effected by sending 
Caleb Cushing as the Commissioner or Special Envoy to the 
Chinese empire, the latter being clothed with all the neces- 
sary power to conclude the treaty with that country, which 
was ratified in 1845, and went into operation during the 
following year. The next important scr\ice which Captain 
Kearny effected was to protest against the proposed ces- 
sion of the Sandwich Islands to the British government. 
Tliis was in the summer of 1843, while he was on his 
homeward-bound voyage. He notified both the king and 
ilie British commissioner that such action as the former pro- 
posed would be inimical to the rights of those Americans 
wlin had settled in the islands. The matter was not ad- 
lu-ted when he left Hawaii, but his timely interference had 
sclent weight in pr.ilonging the negotiations, which ultimately 
came to naught. Turning the prow of his ship once more 
towird ihe east, and doubling Cape Horn, he speedily 
mule his way toward home, arriving at Norfolk April 30th, 
1S44. thus closing a sea-service of nearly thirty-seven years. 
During the remainder of his life he was variously occupied 
at different stations, including the command of the navy- 
yard at Brooklyn, New York. He was also President of 
one of the Nival Courts of Inquiry, and a member of the 
Lighthouse Board, as well as of the New Jersey Board of 
Pilot Commissioners. He was commissioned Commodore, 
on the retired list, in 1866, and died at Perth Amboy, No- 
vember zglh, 1S6S. 



ENCYCLOr.EDIA. 

V 

EARNV, STEPHEN WATTS, late Major- 
General United Slates Army, was born, August 
301 h, 1794, in the city of Newark, New Jersey, 
where also he was educated. At the outbreak 
"^^^^^jj. of the war with Great Britain in 1812, he entered 
the army as a Lieutenant, and was assigned to a 
company in the I3lh Regiment of Infantry. This command, 
with several other regiments, was ordered to the frontier 
during the same year, and crossed over to Canada, where he 
participated in the action at Queenstown Heights, where he 
acquitted himself with honor to himself and to the service. 
He was actively engaged during the entire period of the 
war, and after peace was declared he was retained in the 
army, having been promoted meanwhile to the rank of 
Captain and attached to the 3d Infantiy. For the period 
of eighteen years he was atlached to this branch of the ser- 
vice, both as Captain and afterwards Major. In 1833 he 
attained the grade of Lieutenant-Colonel and was trans- 
ferred to the United States Dragoons ; three years later he 
became Colonel, and in 1846 was commissioned Brigadier- 
General, and w.Ts appointed to command the "Anny of the 
West," as was then termed the force employed on the 
Indian frontier. When hostilities commenced with the 
republic of Mexico, he was ordered by the War Depart- 
ment to march westward with his command. Starting from 
: Bent's Fort, on the Arkansas river, he pressed onward 
I toward New Mexico, which he conquered, and where he 
I established a provisional government in Santa Fe, the then 
capital. He then took up the line of march across the 
plains, the Rocky mountains, and the almost unknown re- 
gions beyond, until he reached California, and again defeated 
the Mexican army at the battle of San Pascual, on Decem- 
ber 6th, 1846, in which engagement he was wounded twice. 
Having reached the sea-coast, his command was reinforced 
by a detachment of sailors and marines ; and with these and 
his dragoons he fought the enemy in the battle of San 
Gabriel, January Sth, 1847, and also the next day in the en- 
gagement on the plains of Mesa, defeating them in both 
conflicts. He was highly complimented by the W'ar De- 
partment for his services in the campaign, and was rewarded 
with the brevet-rank of MajorGeneral, his commission as 
snch being dated December 6th. 1846, the day when he 
met the Mexicans in the field at San Pascual. About this 
time Commodore R. F. .Stockton had superseded Commo- 
dore Sloatin command of the United .Slates squadron in the 
Pacific ocean, and the former officer, with his sailors and 
marines, aided by several hundred Californian settlers, had 
effectually conquered the Mexicans in and around Monterey. 
A conflict of authority unfortunately prevailed between 
Commodore Stockton and General Kearny, which was 
finally settled by a court-martial. Commodore Stockton re- 
turned to the United .States overland, leaving General 
Kearny as Provisional Governor of the then Territory' of 
California, which po-^ition he ably filled from March to June, 
1S47. He shortly aftenvards rejoined the army in Mexico, 



BIOGRAPHICAL EXCYCLOP.EDIA. 



>3 



vliere he remained until military operations terminated ; 
and (in liis return to the United Stales was ordered to the 
West. He was the author of a worl< entitled " Manoeuver- 
in;T of Dragoons" (1837), and " Laws for the Government 
of New Mexico" (1846). He died in St. Louis, October 
31st, 1848, of a disease which he had contracted the pre- 
vious year in Me.\ico. 



s/ 



KARNY, PHILIP, late Major-General United 
.States Volunteers, was born, June 2d, 1S15, in 
the city of New York. On the paternal side his 
ancestry was Irish, while his mother was partly 
Huguenot in descent. He was also a nephew 
of General Stephen W. Kearny, whose bio- 
graphical sketch may be found immediately preceding. 
He w.as educated in the best academies of his native city, 
closing with the four years' course in Columbia College. 
After graduation he studied law, but being charmed with 
military pursuits, and desirous of a more active life than 
could possibly be attained if he continued at the bar, he 
sought and obtained a commission as Lieutenant in a 
cavalry regiment which had been ordered to the \Vest. 
This was about 1S37, and among the officers was Jefferson 
Davis, captain of a company. He remained with the com- 
mand about si.xteen months, during which time he studied 
the whole theory and practice of his profession, and availed 
himself of every opportunity to perfect himself m all those 
branches which would constitute him a perfect tactician. In 
1839 he was selected as one of three officers who were sent 
by the United States government to Europe to study cavalry 
tactics ; and as permission had been obtained from the gov- 
ernment of France for these officers to enter their celebrated 
military school at S.iumur, he availed himself of this great 
privilege, and became one of the most patient and indefatig- 
able of students. After thoroughly mastering his profession 
he left the school and accompanied the French forces to 
Africa, being attached to the 1st Regiment "Chasseurs 
d'Afrique," and participated in two battles, where he dis- 
played great braveiy and gallantry, and won for himself the 
highest praises from his superior officers. He left France 
for home in 1841, and on his arrival in the United States 
was ordered to the staff of General Winfield Scott, in which 
position he remained until the outbreak of the Mexican war. 
In the meantime, however, he had received his commission 
as Captain of United States Dragoons; and being permitted 
to raise his own company, he journeyed to the western 
country, where he recruited a superior body of men and 
horses, himself adding from his ample means an additional 
bounty to that offered by the government. He was thus 
enabled to pick his men, and the result was as he desired ; 
his troop being the acknowledged superior of any similar 
body in that branch of the service. This fact was so ap- 
parent that General Scott selected them as his body-guard 
when he reached the Mexican territory, and no opportunity 



for action was afforded them or their leader during the 
march to the capital uruil they appeared in sight of tlie goal 
toward which they had been pressing for so many months. 
It was at Chcrubusco, however, that their leader was en- 
abled to bring them into action, as the commanding general 
temporarily relinquished his military escort. The Mexicans, 
being on the retreat, were pursued by the American cavahy 
along the narrow causeway which spanned the marsh, the 
causeway being protected by a battery in front of one of the 
city gates. Kearny seized the opportunity and pressed 
forward to prevent the enemy gaining possession of this 
shelter, and rallying for its and their defence. Though re- 
called by an officer despatched for that purpose, he hastily 
made known the situation and was allowed to continue the 
course he hnd taken, and reached the Chcrubusco gate of 
the capital, killing all who resisted. On rejoining the 
American army he was woundeil by a shower of grape, 
losing his left arm. He was highly complimented by his 
superiors in command for this dangerous and gallant ex- 
ploit, and w.as promoted to the rank of Major. After the close 
of that war he returned with the army to the United States, 
and was ordered to the Pacific coast, where he was em- 
ployed in operations against the Indian tribes. He resigned 
his commission about 1852, and being a man of fortune, he 
travelled throughout Europe and the East, and finally estab- 
lished himself in Paris, occasionally visiting the United 
States, where he remained each time only for a brief period. 
He served with the French army in 1859, being an aide-de- 
camp on the staff of General Meurice, commanding the 
cavalry of the guard, and was present at the battle of Sol- 
ferino. For the bravery and gallantry he displayed in that 
campaign, he received from the Emperor Napoleon -III. the 
Cross of the Legion of Honor. When the great Southern 
rebellion broke out, he abandoned his Parisian life, and, 
hastening home, offered his services to the Union govern- 
ment. After his arrival, early in 1861, he applied to General 
Scott, who referred him to the governor of his native State. 
But he failed to receive any commission from the New 
York State authorities, and desiring iinpatiently an oppor- 
tunity to enter the volunteer service, he was finally commis- 
sioned by the Governor of New Jersey, Brigadier-General 
of Volunteers. This was after the disaster at the first Bull 
Run, and he immediately entered upon his duties with ex- 
traordinary ardor. He made the First Brigade of New 
Jersey the flower of the troops of that State. His organiza- 
tion was thoroughly disciplined, for he was remarkably strict 
on that point, and from the outset of his campaign until he 
fell on the field of battle, he was ever the foremost in main- 
taining his command in a degree of tli£ highest excellence 
and standing. He was attached to the Army of the Poto- 
mac, under General McClellan, and viewed with disgust 
the halting and hesitating course of that officer. He saw 
opportunity after opportunity of reaching Richmond slip by, 
and he could scarcely conceal his opinion of the vacillation 
and incompetency of his superior general. The change of 



14 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENXVCLOP.EDIA. 



base which McClellan advised and subsequently adopted 
was severely criticised by him in confidential letters ad- 
dressed to his friends, and he emphatically condemned the 
course pursued as a great mi'-take. In March, 1862, he 
was tendered the command of a division ; but as he was un- 
willing to leave the brigade of Jerseymen, he declined the 
same. When he arrived at this decision, and returned to 
camp, his appearance there was the occasion of an ovation 
spontaneously tendered him by his command. But he was 
obliged during the Peninsular campaign, in an emergency, 
to assume command of a division of Heintzleman's corps, 
and he relinquished his favorite troops, not without a sigh. 
He participated in the battle of Williamsburg, May 5th, 
1S62, and arrived in time to support Hooker and his New 
Jersey troops at a most critical period, thus avoiding what 
would have proved an irremediable disaster. The bravery he 
displayed on this occasion won for him the admiration of 
all beholders. He marched far ahead of his column and 
hurried them on at the double-quick, driving the enemy 
before him. So also, at the b-ittle of Fair Oaks, May 31st, 
he arrived on the scene immediately after the flight of 
Casey's division, and turned the tide of battle. Again 
supporting Hooker, he drove back the rebels, who believed 
themselves victorious until now, and both he and his brother 
oflicers desired permission to follow the enemy into Rich- 
mond, which might then easily have been captured, but 
were refused by the hesitating course pursued by the general- 
i:i-chief. He foresaw the disasters which afterwards befel 
the Army of the Potomac ; the " change of base," as it was 
termed, he really called a retreat, and during the whole 
week which was thus occupied in transferring the immense 
army to the James river, he was conspicuously engaged in 
every skirmish which transpired. Particularly was this the 
case in the battle of White Oak Swamp, June 30th ; 
wherever danger was the greatest he was to be found, rally- 
ing his men and inspiring confidence when all seemed 
disaster and despair. So, likewise, at Malvern Hill, July 
1st, he displayed the s.ame undaunted courage and bravery 
which had made his name renowned as a Bayard, " without 
fear and reproach." ^^'hen McClellan again failed to order 
an advance on Richmond, and commanded the army to 
retreat to Harrison's Landing, his indignation knew no 
bounds, and he publicly protested, in the presence of many 
officers, against so fatal a course being adopted, saying that 
** such an order can only be prompted by cowardice or 
treason." He had now received promotion to the rank of 
Major-General of Volunteers, though he had been for three 
months in command of a division. His predictions that 
Pope would be cru'shed by the rebels were fulfilled by the 
events that took place at and after the second Bull Run, 
August 30th. On September ist was fought the battle 
of Chantilly, where General Pope, in order to save his 
army, looked for aid from Generals Kearny, Reno and 
Stevens, who promptly came to the rescue. The two latter 
attacked the enemy, but were compelled to retire by an 



overwhelming force. At this juncture Keaniy placed him- 
self at the head of General Birney's brigade, broke the rebel 
centre, causing them to retreat in great disorder, thus saving 
Pope's army and the city of Washington. At sunset on that 
day, while reconnoitring the enemy's position, he suddenly 
came upon their lines, and his surrender being demanded, 
he refused. As he turned to fly, he was shot dead, his 
body falling into the hands of the rebels. The tidings of 
this fatal event flew far and fast throughout the country on 
the wings of the lightning, and everj'where a wail went up 
for the brave man thus sacrificed : he was mourned alike by 
President and peasant. 



5 £?«' OUTHARD, HON. SAMUEL L., LL.D., Lawyer 
"■ and Statesman, late of Jersey City, was born, June 

7th, 17S7, at Baskingridge, New Jersey, and was 
the son of Hon. Henry Southard, formerly of 
Long Island, but who had removed to New Jer- 
sey while a youth, where by his industry he pur- 
chased a farm, became a justice of the peace, then a member 
of the legislature, and for sixteen years represented his dis- 
trict in the lower house of Congress. Samuel was educated 
in a classical school in his native town, where he had as 
classmates the late Theodore Frelinghuysen and Joseph R. 
Ingersoll, of Philadelphia, who were also with him at 
Princeton College, where he graduated in 1804, being then 
barely seventeen years of age. After leaving college he 
began teaching school at Mendham, in Morris county, and 
subsequently went to Washington, where his father was then 
occupied with his congressional duties, and who introduced 
him to Colonel John Taliaferro, a member from Virginia. 
The latter forthwith tendered him a position in his family as 
tutor to his sons and nephews, which he accepted ; and in 
the autumn of 1805 he became a resident of Hagley, King 
George's county, Virginia, that being the name of Colonel 
Taliaferro's plant.ation. This country-seat was within a 
short distance of Fredericksburg; and here he passed five 
years in instructing his pupils. His leisure hours were de- 
voted to the study of law, under the preceptorship of Judges 
Green and Brooks, of Fredericksburg; and after due ex- 
amination was admitted, in 1809, to practise at the bar. 
He remained in Virginia until 181 1, when he returned to 
New Jersey, and settled at Flemington ; and being licensed 
by the Supreme Court of the Stale, opened his office, and 
soon obtained a fair and remunerative practice, eventually 
attaining a high rank at the bar. His first public position 
w.as as Prosecuting Attorney of Hunterdon county; and in 
1814 he was appointed State Law Reporter. In 1815 he 
was elected a member of the General Assembly, having pre- 
viously attracted great attention in that body, by an argu- 
ment in opposition to a petition for the repeal of a law 
granting to Aaron Ogden and Daniel Dod the exclusive 
right of using steamboats plying between New Jersey and 
New Vork, in the waters of New Jersey. After taking his 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 



33 



Presbyterian Church in Elizabeth. He inherited from his 
father his activity and industry, and from his mother her 
sympathetic and deeply religious nature. As early as eight 
or ten years of age, a time when most boys think of their 
sports only, his mind was exercised with the idea of God 
and thoughts of the world to come. His father was regular 
in his observance of that time-honored custom of Scotch 
Presbyterians, the calling around him on the Sabbath day 
eveiy member of his household and teaching them the 
" Westminster Catechism." It is impossible to over-esti- 
mate the value of such instruction in childhood and early 
youth, when the heart and mind are wax to receive im- 
pressions and marble to retain them. At the age of sixteen 
he was bereft of his father's care and left to be the staff of a 
widowed mother and an example to the younger members 
of his family. From his childhood he had always felt an 
ardent desire to be a minister of the gospel, and when at 
the age of eighteen he united with the church the desire 
became stronger and stronger. His way seemed, however, 
to be hedged in by many difficulties. His age was an ob- 
jection; and as the care of the farm devolved on him he 
did not see how he could be spared. But He who had 
called him to the high destiny of the ministry made his way 
clear before him. In 1813 he began to study Latin under 
Rev. Dr. John McDowell, pastor of the First Presbyterian 
Church. He entered the junior class of the College of New 
Jersey in 1815. After graduating with honor, he became a 
student in the Theological Seminary, in the same place, in 
the fall of 1S17, being then in his twenty-second year. 
After spending one year in the seminary, he was solicited 
by the faculty of the college to fill the position of tutor. He 
accepted the offer, and for two years performed the two- 
fold duty of teacher and student at the same time. Imme- 
diately after graduating he placed himself under the care of 
the Presbytery of New Jersey as a candidate for gospel 
ministry. After the usual course of study, he was licensed 
to preach. He delivered his first sermon in the lecture- 
room of Dr. McDowell's church, and his second on the 
following Sabbath in the church proper. The First Church 
had long been full to overflowing, and just at this time the 
subject of forming a new society was agitated. The enter- 
prise was successfully carried out, and Dr. Magie was 
installed pastor of the Second Presbyterian Church of 
Elizabeth, April 24th, 1S21. During the period of his pas- 
torate, which lasted nearly forty-live years, he received 
many calls from other churches and from many religious 
boards, but he declined them all, some of them without 
even mentioning the subject to his people. The relations 
between him and his congregation were always most happy, 
and he had no wish to change for a more prominent 
position. He filled, up to the time of his decease, several 
positions of honor and trust ; as Trustee of the College of 
New Jersey ; Director in the American Board of Commis- 
sioners for Foreign Missions; Director in the American 
Tract Society, and Chairman of the Committee of Publica- 
5 



tions; Director in the Theological Seminary.it Princeton, 
etc. The duties of these different positions he performed 
with the most conscientious carefulness. A man who con- 
quered circumstances, he made himself, under Providence, 
what he was, a Jjower in the community. Contending in 
youth with the hardships of a farmer's life, and then grap- 
pling with the intellectual difficulties of the student, his 
powers and capacities developed themselves to a degree far 
exceeding that of a man nursed in the lap of luxury. Hav- 
ing lived in daily contact with nature, he learned to esti- 
mate things according to their true value,-and he esteemed 
men not in proportion to the mere accident of birth or 
surroundings but according to their integrity and worth. 
He possessed in a great degree the characteiistics of the 
race from which he sprung, prudence, excellent judgment 
and a wide knowledge of the affairs of eveiy-day life. Be- 
nevolence beamed from every feature of his face, and so wise 
was he in counsel that many who were not his own people 
sought his advice upon subjects not .spiritual or ecclesias- 
tical. His patriotism during the dark and trying hours of 
the rebellion was only second to his religion. He was a 
man of great simplicity and earnestness of manner, which 
in preaching carried the hearer beyond the speaker to the 
message he was delivering, a fact which accounts for his 
successful ministrations through so long a term of years. 
He finished his earthy career May loth, 1S65. His funeral, 
which took place a few days after, was largely attended, 
not only by his brethren in the ministry from other parts of 
the State, but also by persons of all classes in the com- 
munity. The bells of the city were tolled; the flags were 
displayed at half-mast, and everything betokened that his 
fellow-citizens mourned deeply the great loss they had 
sustained. 



\i\l AGIE, WILLIAM J., Lawyer, of Elizabeth, New 
^ J* I J'^''^^^' '^^^^ ^°™ '" 'l^^' '^''y> December 9th, 1832. 
iillL '^'* '^^'''^''' David Magie, D. D., was for nearly 
(2^^--, forty. five years pastor of the Second Presbyterian 

<» g) « Church of Elizabeth, and was also a native of the 
same town. His mother, >tee Ann Francis Wil- 
son, was also to the manor born. He entered Princeton 
College in 1852, and graduated in 1855. Then he studied 
law in Elizabeth with the late Francis B. Chetwood, and 
w.as licensed an attorney in 1856, and as counsellor in 
1859. For six years he was associated in practice with his 
able preceptor, Mr. Chetwood, under the firm-name of 
Chetwood & M.agie. Dissolving this connection he prac- 
tised alone for a short time, and then formed a partnership 
with Mr. Cross, the style of the firm being, as now, -Magie 
& Cross. From 1S66 to 1S71 he was Prosecutor of Pleas 
for Union county. One of the original incorporators of the 
First National Bank of Elizabeth, he is at present a Director 
of that institution; also a Director in the Dime Savings 
Bank. He is counsel for the Elizabeth Water Company, 



34 



BIOGRAPHICAL EXCVCLOr.EDIA. 



and was counsel for the New Jersey Railroad until its lease 
to the Pennsylvania Railroad, and was continued by them 
until his election to the New Jersey Senate in 1S75 from 
Union county. During the session of 1875-76 he was ap- 
pointed Chairman of the Judiciary Committee, on which he 
served with marked ability. In politics he is a Republican, 
having acted with that party since 1S61, but, as a rule, he 
has eschewed an active part in politics, preferring to devote 
his time and talents to his profession. He only accepted 
his senatorial position at the earnest solicitation of his friends. 
In educational matters he has always manifested an earnest 
interest, and was a member of the Board of Education of 
Elizabeth from 1856 to 1861. With others he was instru- 
mental in organizing the Elizabeth & Newark Horse Rail- 
road, and has been a director in that company since its or- 
ganization, acting also as counsel for it. He is a Director 
and one of the originators of the Elizabeth Public Library, 
which, though in embryo, bids fair to be a valuable means 
of culture to the town. In fact he is and has always been 
active in all public improvements, and is among the most 
valuable citizens of Elizabeth. In his profession he takes 
position in the front rank, being at once an able and well- 
read lawyer and a high minded gentleman. He was mar- 
ried on October 1st, 1S57, to Frances Baldwin, of Elizabeth. 



Board. When the war of the rebellion broke out, he be- 
came an earnest and active supporter of the national govern- 
ment, and thenceforward remained identified with the Re- 
publican party. At the time of his death he was President 
of the Board of Regents of the Hudson County Hospital. 
He was married in 1S26 to Metta Van Winkle. He ihed. 
May 24th, 1875, universally esteemed and universally la- 
mented. 









JRXELISON, JOHN MESIER, M. D., Physi- 
cian, late of Bergen, was born in that town, 
April 2gth, 1S02. His parents were Rev. John 
Cornelison, pastor of the Dutch Reformed Church 
of Bergen, and Catharine (Mesier) Cornelison, of 
^^ New York. After acquiring a good preliminary 
education at the schools of the community in which he 
lived, he entered Union College, at Schenectady, New 
York, from which institution he graduated in the year 1822. 
Shortly after leaving college he entered the office of Dr. 
Valentine Mott as a medical student. He received his di- 
ploma in the year 1825, and at once commenced the prac- 
tice of medicine in Bergen. After a time he removed to 
Jersey City, and there continued earnestly engaged until 
1862, when he retired from active practice and removed 
again to his native town of Bergen. Devoted as he was to 
his profession, and successful as he was in the practice of it, 
he yet found time and strength for political and official 
labors. In the year 1S32 he was elected by the Democratic 
party to serve as a member of the Assembly in the State 
Legislature, and was re-elected in 1833. In the year 1851 
he was appointed by the Governor one of the Lay Judges 
of the Court of Errors and Appeals, to fill the unexpired 
term of Hon. Garret Wall, and was reajipointed for two 
succeedin*^ tetnis, hfilding the position for si.xteen years. 
In 1S69 he was elected Mayor of Bergen, and in 1873 was 
appointed by the Legislature a member of the Board of 
Works in Jersey City, and was elected President of the 



ENNINGTON, WILLIAM, Lawyer, Governor 
and Chancellor of New Jersey, was born, 1790, 
in the city of Newark, and was the son of Gov- 
ernor William S. Pennington, whose biographical 
sketch will be found elsewhere in this volume. 
William received an excellent classical education 
in the schools of Newark, and subsequently entered the Col- 
lege of New Jersey, at Princeton, from which institution he 
graduated in 1813, with honor to himself and to his Alma 
Ma/er. He at once commenced the study of law in the 
j office of Hon. Theodore Frelinghuysen, and was licensed 
as an attorney in 1817 ; three years afterward he was made 
a counsellor, and in 1834 was appointed serjeant-at law. 
He was for several years Clerk of the United States Dis- 
trict .and Circuit Courts, and in 1828 was elected a memlier 
of the General Assembly as a Representative from Essex 
county. He was, as were also all of his family, friendly lo 
the election of John Quincy Adams for the Presidency, and 
of course opposed to the principles and policy of Andrew 
lackson and his successors. This party were at one time 
designated as National Republicans, but in 1834 assumed 
the name and style of the Whig party , and of this latter or- 
g.anization William Pennington was regarded as the leader 
in New Jei-sey. In the fall of 1837 he was elected by the 
Legislature to the office of Governor and Cliancellor of the 
State, and was re-elected continuously until 1843, when the 
Democratic party had gained the ascendency in the Legis- 
lature. During his term as Governor occurred the cele- 
brated "broad seal" difficulty, which created such an in- 
tense feeling throughout the countiy, and paiticularly in 
New Jersey; and it is not too much to say, at this distant 
day, that the action of the majority of Congress, in displacing 
the Whig members, who bore their commissions as having 
been fairly returned to that body, and substituting therefor 
others who had not such commissions, merely because their 
views were in accordance with the majority when Con- 
gress organized, contributed in a great measure to the over- 
whelming defeat which met the Democratic p.arty in the 
campaign of 1840. Governor Pennington likewise gave 
great satisfaction both as Chancellor and Judge of the Pre- 
rogative Court, and but one of his decrees was overruled in 
the Court of Appeal, and that was after he ceased to preside. 
After his last term as Governor had expired, he returned to 
the practice of the law, which, prior to his holding that 
office, had been large and lucrative. During the Fillmore 




'rUL 



BIOGRAnilCAL ENCYCLOIVEDIA. 



35 



ailniiiiistralion he was offered tlie position of Governor of 
the Territory of Minnesota, but declined the appointment. 
When the Whig party had become disintegrated, and a new 
organization was being formed, he became in a measure 
identified with it. In 1856 Fremont had been nominated 
by the Free-soil or Republican party, for the Presidency, 
with William L. Dayton, of New Jersey, as the candidate 
for Vice-President; and he supported these nominations be- 
cause of his firm friendship for Mr. D.iyton. In 185S he 
was nominated for Congress, but declined the same ; but as 
it was believed he was the only candidate in the then oppo- 
sition party who could carry the district, he was elected. 
When the House met in December, 1859, an intense excite- 
ment was at once apparent, and everything betokened the 
coming contest. F"or two months the organization of the 
House was suspended, no Speaker being elected ; but at 
last, he received a majority of all the votes cast, and was in- 
ducted into that office, which he filled most ably and im- 
partially; indeed, it is not too much to say, that he never 
had any superior and rarely one equal in such an arduous 
and difficult position. He was a man gifted with a large 
share of common sense ; and he was thus able to grasp as 
it were the most difficult questions and render a decision on 
true and equitable grounds. He was an excellent counsellor, 
an eloquent pleader, and a most judicious and reliable 
judge. In religious belief he w.as a member of the Presby- 
terian church, and for many years had been the President 
of the Board of Trustees of the First Church of Newark, 
prior to 1849, ^' which time he withdrew to become one 
of the High .Street congregation, then about-beiWg formed. 
He was married, about 1820, to an estimable lady, a de- 
scendant of Dr. William Burnet, Surgeon-General of the 
army, who survived him. He died in Febritary, 1862, his 
death being ascribed to a large dose of morphine, adminis- 
tered through the mistake of an apothecary. 



^ALL, ALFRED, Manufacturer, of Perth Aniboy, is 
a New Englander by birth, having been born, 
May 22d, 1803, in Meriden, Connecticut. On his 
fuher's side he is of English and on his mother's 
side of French extraction. Both his father, 
Avery Hall, and his mother, Sarah Foster, were 
natives of Connecticut, his father being a farmer at Meriden. 
The early education of Alfred Hall was obtained in the 
public schools of Meriden. Later he removed with his 
parents to Great Barrington, Massachusetts, and he con- 
tinued his studies in the schools at that place. During 
school sessions he worked hard and effectively at his books, 
and out of school he worked just as hard and effectively on 
his father's farm. At the age of seventeen he did what one 
is tempted to believe every New England boy does at one 
time or another — he began to teach school. For the space 
of a year he taught the school at the centre of Tyringham, 



Massachusetts. At the end of that lime he literally started 
out into the world. His father owned a large tract of land 
in what was then Medina county, but is now Lorain 
county, Ohio, about fifty miles southwest of Cleveland, and 
Alfred and his brother Seldon, who is now a resident of 
Ohio, started to reach this tract of land and clear a portion 
of the timber off it, to render the place fit for farming pur- 
poses. The brothers performed this journey of seven hun- 
dred miles on foot, going by way of Albany and Rochester 
(the latter place being then a mere collection of log huts), 
and thence through Buffalo and Cleveland, reaching their 
destination a month after leaving home. Their first work, 
after arrival, was to erect a log hut and commence a 
"clearing;" and in the construction of their cabin not a 
nail was used, for the conclusive reason that there were no 
nails in that region. Three nnmths after the Iirothers had 
erected their log cabin, the remainder of the family arrived 
from Massachusetts, making the journey in wagons drawn 
byoxen, and the clearing in the forest became the family 
homestead. Alfred Hall, having a natural aptness for me- 
chanical work, was frequently called upon to help his 
neighbor pioneers in preparing their log homes. He re- 
mained at. the forest homestead for about a year, assisting 
with the farm-work, and then he went to Silver Springs, 
Cumberland county, Pennsylvania, and there resumed his 
occupation of teacher. He remained there, so employed, 
for about two years, when he- returned to his father's home. 
He bniU, himself a cabin in the vicinity, and settled down as 
a hafd-wofking citizen of the community. He remained 
for several years,, during which lime he acted as Postmaster, 
Trustee of , the Township, and Justice of the Peace. His 
occupation as postmaster could not have been very arduous, 
as in those days two months were required to send a letter 
to the East and receive a reply, the mails for the most part 
being carried by men who travelled on foot. At length he 
removed to Cleveland, and there engaged in the manufac- 
ture of building-brick, which business he continued to prose- 
cute, successfully and to a considerable extent, for a period 
of fifteen years. He took an active part in the public af- 
fairs of Cleveland during this residence. He w.as a promi- 
nent worker in the formation of the charter of the town, and 
subsequently served as an Alderman, and also as a member 
of Council. When the town was regularly laid out, he was 
Chairman of the Committee on Streets, etc. Although a 
■Democrat impolitics, his puhjic spirit, .sterling integrity, and 
practical ability were so widely and heartily recognized, 
that he received the support of his fellow-citizens, irrespec- 
tive of party considerations. In the year 1842, while still 
in business in Cleveland, he invented and patented a brick- 
oulding machine, which achieved a fine success and was 
adopted generally by the trade throughout the country, and 
ow in use by the firm of which he is the head. Leav- 
Cleveland, he removed to Coxsackie, New York, where 
he remained three years. In 1845 he went to England, and 
during most of that year was occupied in securing patent- 



36 



BIOGRAPHICAL EXCVCLOr.tDIA. 



rights in that country for his brick machine. He returned 
to the United Stales in the hitter part of the year, and lo- 
cated at Perth Amboy, where he commenced the erection 
of buildings for the manufacture of fire-brick. The buiid- 
infs were constructed of wood, and business could be con- 
ducted in them only during the summer months. Ten years 
later, in 1856, a portion of these buildings was destroyed by 
fire, and then he at once erected in their place an extensive 
brick building, comprising all desirable improvements, and 
in this structure the work is carried on all the year round. 
The ground-floor is heated by four immense furnaces, by 
which the bricks are dried ; and the upper story is used for 
the manufacture of Rockingham and yellow ware. The 
works include, also, extensive kilns for burning the bricks 
and the ware, the ware being burnt in round kilns, accord- 
ing to the old English style, and the bricks in the square 
American kilns. These are perfect in their way, embody- 
ing many improvements which are the inventions of the 
proprietor: among them may be mentioned a patent hinge- 
grate of his invention, which renders the burning much more 
speedy and less expensive than heretofore. Beside the 
works at Perth Amboy, the firm of A. Hall & Sons have a 
similar fire-brick works, of about the same capacity, at Buf- 
falo, New York, and ten miles below Buffalo, at Tonawand.i, 
extensive works for the manufacture of red brick, which 
produce about 2,250,000 annually, a million of which are 
of the style of Philadelphia face bricks. When running in 
full force, the several works employ about 250 men and 
boys, and produce about 5,000,000 fire-brick and 2,250,000 
red-brick annually. The works in Buffalo are in charge 
of Edward J. Hall, a son of Alfred Hall. Another son, 
Eber H. Hall, is associated with his father at Perth Amboy. 
A fine specimen of the colored building-brick, produced by 
A. Hall & Sons, was presented by the large chimney erected 
by them adjoining the New Jersey building on the Centen- 
nial grounds, and it deservedly attracted much attention 
and admiration. The manufacture of brick has been very 
much benefited by various improvements introduced by Mr. 
Hall, many of them being his own inventions. From 1863 
to 1869 he was Mayor of Perth Amboy, and three times he 
was elected without the opposition of any other candidate. 
He is, and has been since its organization, a stockholder, 
Director, and the President of the Middlesex Land Com- 
pany. He was for many years a member of the Board of 
Freeholders of Middlesex County, and is President of the 
Fire-Brick Manufacturers' Association of the United States. 
During the war of the rebellion he was an active Union 
man, aiding the government effectively w'ith money and in- 
fluence. During his residence in Lorain county, Ohio, he 
married Sarah Buckingham, a native of Connecticut, and in 
their pioneer home the two sons now associated with him in 
business were born. Their family consisted of three sons and 
three daughters, of w-hom only iwo sons and one daughter 
are now living. She died in 1S53, highly esteemed by all 
who knew her. Subsequently he married Pamelia F. 



Robinson, a widow with three young children — one son and 
two daughters — whom he reared as his own. She is a na- 
tive of New England, and a daughter of Colonel William 
Pearl, of New Hampshire. Mr. Hall is possessed of liler- 
aiy tastes, and his writings are always graphic and to the 
point. An article written by him, on the " Manufacture of 
Fire-Brick," and published in the Scieii/ific American in 
January, 1870, and republished in several English papers, is 
characteristic. As a public speaker he seldom occupies 
more than twenty minutes, and is always listened to with 
earnest attention, as he never speaks unless he has some- 
thing to say. He is a supporter of the Episcopal church, 
whicli he attends with his family, but he is no sectarian, and 
is not a member of any church. He has liberally aided all 
religious societies in his vicinity in the erection of their 
churches, and thinks any religion a good one if it makes 
those who profess it do what is right. 



DGAR, THOMAS, Merchant and Farmer, of 
Rahway, from whom the Edgars of Woodbridge 
descended, was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, 
October 19th, 1681. He was one of six brothers, 
from whom and from his father he difl^ered in 
religion and in politics, being a Presbyterian and 
opposed to James HI. He came to this country about 
1720. Many of the Scotch ancestors of New Jersey fam- 
ilies came at this period. He was one of the passengers 
on the " Caledonia" in the last voyage she made. She 
landed at Perth Amboy, and never went to sea again. 
Janet Knox, whom he afterward married, was also a pas- 
senger on the " Caledonia." He purchased land on Rahway 
river, and built a house thereon, which is still occupied by 
some of his descendants. In addition to farming his land 
he prosecuted business as a merchant, earning in all rela- 
tions of life a wide reputation for integrity, strict uprightness 
and devoted piety. He died in May, 1759, leaving three 
sons and three daughters, from whom have sprung numer- 
ous descendants, although the name does not appear in all 
the families. They have ever been conspicuous for their 
virtues, industry and domestic habits. Very few of them 
have been in professional or public life, although the family 
has from time to time been worthily represented in the 
army, in law, in medicine, in the pulpit and in politics. 
As, for example, Clarkson Edgar was a brigadier-general in 
the war for independence, while another, David Edgar, was 
a captain of cavalry in the same patriotic contest. Later on, 
Alexander Edgar selected the medical profession, and 
served his country by taking part in the quelling of the in- 
surrection in the Mohawk valley. Three other Edgars, 
William, Samuel and Thompson, were each several times 
members of the Legislature, wherein they served with great 
credit to themselves and accept.ability to their constituents; 
and Samuel also held the office of Sheriff of Middlesex 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 



county. Of those now living, David Edgar is a physician 
in high standing on Staten Island, while Jonathan Edgar 
enjoys a fine practice and excellent reputation as a lawyer 
in New York city, and Frank \V. Edgar is a rising member 
of the bar of Northampton county, Pennsylvania. Amon" 
the representatives of the family in the pulpit are Rev. Dr. 
Edgar, of Easton, Pennsylvania, Rev. E. B. Edgar, of 
Plainfield, formerly of Westfield, and Rev. H. M. Booth, 
of Englewood. There have been others of this profession, 
but their names and location cannot be ascertained. Rev. 
C. H. Edgar, D. D., was seven years head master in the 
grammar school of New York University, was pastor of the 
Presbyterian Church in Bcidgehampton, Long Island, and 
has been more than twenty years pastor of the American 
Reformed Church in Easton, Pennsylvania. He has con- 
tributed to the press a tractate on the " Curse of Canaan," 
some articles in reviews and several sermons. Rev. E. B. 
Edg.ar, during his pastorate at Westfield, preached Ihe last 
sermon delivered in the Old Presbyterian Church of that 
town. This church was originally located in 1730, a rude 
log-house being first used; this gave way to a frame build- 
ing, which in its turn was replaced in 1802-3 by the edifice 
wherein, on January 26th, 1S62, Mr. Edgar preached the 
last sermon. This discourse, in its historical narrative and 
related thoughts, proved so interesting that, by general re- 
quest, its author consented to yield the manuscript for pub- 
lication, and it now remains among the most cherished 
archives of the new church. Commerce has attracted the 
attention of members of the family, and among the names 
of the successful and honorable merchants of the com- 
mercial metropolis of the new world — New York — appear 
those of several Edgars. 

EDGAR, WILLIAM, third son of Thomas Edgar, was 
born April 20lh, 1724, and died April 17th, 1776. He 
lived and died in the house built by his father, to which he 
made some additions. His career was that of a merchant 
and a farmer. Seven children weie born to him. Of these 
were General Clarkson Edgar and Dr. Alexander Edgar, 
above alluded to. William, the youngest, known as Major 
Edgar, succeeded to the old homestead ; also added some 
improvements to the structure. After the major's death the 
house was occupied by his son, William, until his decease, 
in July, 1866. Then it came into the occupancy of Miss 
Catharine B. Edgar, daughter of Major Edgar, who, now 
in her eighty-third year, still continues to reside beneath its 
shelter. The same house has been owned and occupied by 
this family more than a hundred and fifty years. 

EDGAR, WILLIAM, son of William and grandson of 
Thomas, known as Major Edgar, was born March 25th, 
176S, and died May 22d, 1845, aged seventy-seven years. 
He married Phebe Baker, great-granddaughter of Admiral 
Sir John B.aker, to whose character and services a memori.-il 
column was erected in Westminster Abbey. Phebe Baker 



37 

was the daughter of Captain Matthias Baker, of whose 
deeds of daring and narrow escapes in the service of the 
country the family have traditions ; for example, he alone, 
unsupported by any soldiers, captured a British wagon with 
stores, which was guarded by a troop of cavalry. A musket 
is shown and highly prized as an evidence and trophy of 
the courageous deed. Major Edgar was a merchant, and a 
farmer in a very extensive way. Considerable attention 
was given by him to brick manufacture, and a large busi- 
ness in that line resulted. In connection with farming he 
conducted heavy operations in cattle and sheep. Looking 
beyond his merely personal requirements, he took an earnest 
interest in the development of his neighborhood, and, per- 
ceiving the necessity for better banking facilities, became 
one of the originators of the Farmers' & Mechanics' Bank, 
and its first president. He gained great repute as a man- 
ager and as a clear-headed business man of unquestionable 
integrity. Many estates were intrusted to his care for set- 
tlement, and in business disputes among his neighbors he 
came to be regarded as a general referee. For a number 
of years he was a member of the Legislature, and he proved 
himself a devoted and intelligent custodian of the public 
interests. His title of Major he derived from his rank in 
the State cavalry. Respected and beloved by the whole 
community, his death was regarded as a public loss. His 
family consisted of twelve children, six sons and six daugh- 
ters, four of whom survive. Matthias B., who died in 
1S65, aged seventy-five years, held several positions of 
honor and trust in the Custom House, and was at one time 
Treasurer of the Illinois Central Railroad. He was a 
long time one of the leading merchants in New York. 
Alexander, who died in 1866, aged seventy-four years, was 
also a merchant, and for many years Public Storekeeper in 
New York ; he held other positions of importance under the 
city and national government. Clarkson, who died in 1856, 
aged fifty years, was for a long period a merchant in Louis- 
iana, and a New Jersey farmer. Jennette, who became the 
wife of Cornelius Baker, late of Elizabeth, and for many 
years a prominent merchant of New York, died in 1867, 
.aged sixty-seven years. The four survivors are: Miss Cath- 
arine B. Edgar, living at the Edgar homestead; John B. 
Edgar, a farmer who has given much attention to the im- 
provement of stock and to the best methods of agriculture; 
Rev. Dr. Edgar, of Easton, Pennsylvania, above men- 
tioned; and Margaret, the wife of William W. Cornell, of 
Poughkeepsie, New York. 

EDGAR, WILLIAM, son of Major Edgar, died July, 
1S66, aged sixty-nine. After some years spent in New 
York, as a merchant, he and his brother Alexander went, 
in 1820, to Ohio, into the veiy forest, to engage in farming. 
He afterward engaged in business in New C)ileans. 
Securing a comfortable competence he retired, and after the 
death of his father purchased the homestead, and was 
largely occupied in agriculture. Always deeply interested 



38 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 



in the welfare of his country, and well informed upon all 
political questions, he nevertheless declined all offers of 
office, preferring a private life. He was highly esteemed as 
a good citizen, an affectionate friend, a kind neighbor and 
a benevolent man. He lived a bachelor. He left the old 
homestead to be occupied by his sister Catharine. 

EDGAR, CAPTAIN GEORGE P., is a son of Alex- 
ander and grandson of Major Edgar. He served with 
gallantr)' in the war for the L'nion and received the highest 
commendation from his superior officers; he was brevetled 
Major by Governor Fenton, of New York, as he first en- 
tered the service with the famous 7th Regiment, of New 
Y'ork city. 

EDGAR, S.\MUEL, above mentioned, was descended 
from Thomas through his second son, Alexander. He was 
highly esteemed as an honorable man, and served as 
Sheriff of Middlesex county and in the Legislature. Among 
his children are Jonathan Edgar, Esq., of New York, and 
Martha, the wife of Dr. Ellis B. Freeman, of Woodbridge. 

EDGAR, THOMPSON, was also a descendant from 
Thomas through Alexander, his second son. He was an 
honest and benevolent man, and very popular with his 
party, of which he was the recognized head in his town. 
He served se\'eral limes in the Legislature. He died a few 
years ago, in a ripe old age, beloved by all who knew him. 

There are branches of the Edgar family of ^Voodbridge 
and Rahway in New York, Missouri, Ohio, Illinois and 
other parts. There have been hundreds of descendants of 
Thomiis Edgar — scores of them now living. Like their 
ancestor, most of them have been Presbyterians. Some of 
the females married Quakers, and thus many of the most 
estimable of the Society of Friends in Rahway, Plainfield, 
Philadelphia and elsewhere are descendants of Thomas 
Edgar, of Scotland. 



LEXANDER, \VILLIA!\r COWPER, LL. D., 
Lawyer, of Princeton, was born in Prince Ed- 
ward county, Virginia, May 20th, 1806. He was 
the second son of Rev. ArchiKald Alexander, 
D. D., the first Professor in the Princeton Theo- 
logical Seminar)', and of Janelta (Waddel) .\lex- 
ander, daughter of Rev. James Waddel, Wirts' " Blind 
Preacher." Having passed through preliminary instruction, 
he became a student at Princeton College, from which he 
graduated with the cl.iss of 1S24. He then took up the 
study of law, under the guidance of Hon. James S. Green, 
in Princeton, New Jersey, and was admitted in due course 
to the bar, in 1S27. As a lawyer he took high r.aiik. He 
mingled actively in politics, his convictions attaching him 



to the Democratic party, of wliicli he became a conspicuous 
leader. In 1S53 he was elected to the Slate Senate, of 
which he continued, by successive elections, a member 
untd lS6S. For four years he presided over that body as 
its president, and his rule was distinguished for its ability, 
imp.artiality, discretion, firmness and dignity. In 1857 he 
received the Democratic nomination for Governor, but he 
was defeated with his party. Two .years subsequently, in 
1859, he was chosen President of the Equitable Life As- 
surance Society of the United .States, and held the position 
up to the time of his death, August 24th, 1874. He was a 
member from New Jersey of the famous Peace Congress, 
held in \V.-ishington in iS6l, and did his best to secure the 
objects with which that assemblage was called together. 
In recognition of his scholarship and pidilic services La- 
fayette College, Pennsylvania, conferred the degree of 
Doctor of Laws upon him in 1S60. He was never married. 



TRATTON, HON. JOHN L. N., President of the 
Farmers' National Bank, of Mount Holly, New 
Jersey, was born in that township, November 
27th, 1817. His father was John L. Stralton, 
M. D., a distinguished practitioner of Burlington 
county, who carried out his profession for more 
than forty-five years. His mother, whose maiden name 
was Ann Newbold, descen<ling from an old and influential 
family, was a native of the same county. His early educa- 
cation was mainly obtained at select schools in Mount 
Holly. He was prepared for college at Mendham, Morris 
county. New Jersey, and in the spring of 1834 entered 
Princeton, from which he graduated in September, 1836. 
Upon his return to his native town he spiritedly entered 
upon the study of law, under the guidance of B. R. 
Browne, Esq., and in 1S39 received his license as attorney, 
and in 1842 as counsellor. He commenced at once the 
practice of his profession, which he has ever since steadily 
maintained in the county and State courts. His reputation 
is that of an able and honorable advocate, and his clientage 
is very large. In 1 858 he was elected to Congress from the 
Second District, on the Republican ticket. Primarily he 
was a Whig, and upon the dissolution of that party he iden- 
tified himself with the Republican organization, of which he 
has ever since been a prominent member. In i860 his 
constituency returned him a' second time to the national 
House of Representatives. His record in these two ses- 
sions of Congress shows him to have been an industrious 
worker, strong in argument, ready in parliamentary law, 
influential in committee meetings, and at all times faithful 
to the people whom he so ably represented. Upon the con- 
clusion of his Congressional service he resumed his practice 
of the law. In 1S75 ^^ "*'''' chosen President of the Far- 
mers' National Bank, of Mount Holly, to fill the vacancy 
caused by the death of John Black, Esq., who had served in 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCL0P.T;DIA. 



39 



that responsible position for the remarkable period of fifty- 
seven years. The institution was organized in 1S14, and 
since Mr. Stratton has been called to its management he 
has sufficiently shown his ability as a careful financier. For 
some years past he has served also as President of the Gas 
Works. He is still actively interested in politics, and gives 
his good counsel to the organization with which he has 
been for many years so honorably identified. In 1842 he 
married Caroline Newbold, of Burlington county, New 
Jersey. 



TRATTON, LIEUTENANT-COLONEL 
JAMES NEWBOLD, A. M., Judge- Advocate 
on the Staff of General Gershom Mott, was born, 
August 26th, 1S45, in Mount Holly, Burlington 
county. New Jersey. His father is the Hon. 
John L. N. Stratton, a prominent lawyer of that 
place, and President of the Farmers' National Bank, whose 
biographical sketch goes before. His mother, Caroline 
Newbold, was a member of an old and highly respected 
family of Burlington county. He spent a considerable 
period of his youth at a select school of Mount Holly, 
where he acquired an excellent rudimentary education ; 
thence passed into the Lawrenceville High School, where, 
from 1S60 to 1863, he studied the courses essentially pre- 
paratory to a collegiate career, and in the fall of the latter 
year entered Princeton College. Two years after, so rapid 
and substantial was his progress, he graduated with the 
c'nss of 1865, and in 1868 received the degree of A. M. 
He commenced at once, upon leaving Princeton, the study 
of law in his father's office at Mount Holly, and in 1S68 
was licensed as an attorney, and in 1S71 as counsellor. 
Since his admission to the bar he has been actively engaged 
in prot'essional labors at Mount Holly, and has participated 
in many of the most important cases which have been 
briuight up for adjudication. In politics he is identified 
with the Republican party, of which, in his locality, he is a 
leading member. He has served on important committees, 
and has frequently stumped the State in the interest of Re- 
publican candidates. In speaking he is fluent, with a ready 
memory to reproduce facts in local, State, or national his- 
tory, and a quick ability to construct from them a powerful 
argument. He was chosen a delegate to the Cincinnati 
Convention, in 1876, which nominated for the Presidency 
the Hon. Rutherford B. Hayes. He fills, and has filled a 
number of important trusts. At this time he is Solicitor for 
the First National Bank, of Vincentown, New Jersey. He 
has for a number of terms served as the legal advLser to the 
officers of Mount Holly, and has been a director of the 
Farmers' National Bank, of the same place, and of which 
his father is president, since 1872. On August 12th, 1873, 
he w.is commissioned Major of the 7th New Jersey National 
Guard, and was, on the 28th of June, 1876, raised to the 
position of Lieutenant Colonel and Judge-Advocate. His 



interest in the advancement of the military interests is de- 
cided, and has infused greater activity in the organizations 
with which he is identified. He is a gentleman not only 
of ability, but of progressive tendency, and enjoys the 
esteem of all his fellow-citizens. 



ARRISH, JOSEPH, M. D., who is so widely 
known in connection with the- treatment of in- 
ebriety as a disease, was born in Philadelphia, 
Pennsylvania, November nth, 1818, being the 
son of the late Dr. Joseph Parrish, of that city. 
After receiving a liberal education he studied 
medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, and graduated 
with distinction in 1S44. He married Lydia Gaskill, the 
daughter of a leading citizen of Burlington, New Jersey, 
and began practice in that city. Here he achieved rapid 
success, and in the fourth year of his professional life was 
appointed Physician to Burlington College and St. Mary's 
Hall. About this time he started the A^ew Jersey Medical 
Reporter, being its sole editor and proprietor. So ably did 
he conduct it that the journal attracted the attention of the 
profession throughout the country, and the New Jersey 
Medical Society marked their sense of its value by recog- 
nizing it as their organ, and making an annual appropria- 
tion for its support. Thus firmly established, the Reporter 
still enjoys favor, being published from Philadelphia, and 
managed by Dr. S. W. Butler, formerly Dr. Parrish's office 
assistant, and later co-editor. After a residence of some 
years in Burlington Dr. Parrish was waited upon by a com- 
mittee of the faculty of the Philadelphia College of Medi- 
cine, and invited to accept the chair of Obstetrics and Dis- 
eases of Women and Children. At first he declined the 
offer, but subsequently, at the solicitation of his friends in 
Philadelphia, he accepted it, and removed thither in 1S54. 
Under the heavy claims of his professorship and a large 
private practice his health gave way ; he resigned his chair, 
and with his family spent the winter in Alabama, near 
Montgomery. Failing to realize the anticipated benefit 
from the change of climate, he sailed for Europe in the 
following May. A pulmonary complaint had then been de- 
veloped, and his recovery was deemed doubtful by distin- 
guished physicians. While abroad he conceived a desire to 
visit Switzerland during the winter, and accordingly, ac- 
companied by his wife and three friends, he made the 
passage of the St. Bernard Pass in December. The severe 
weather and concomitant hardships of the trip exercised the 
most favorable influence upon the invalid traveller, and his 
health steadily improved therefrom. He passed some time 
in Rome, and paid frequent visits to the various hospitals 
and asylums, in the management of one of which he ob- 
served a painful carelessness and inhumanity. Expostu- 
lating \^'ith the authorities of the Insane Department of the 
San Spirito Hospital for the harshness and severity of their 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA. 



discipline, he was referred to the Prefect of the charities 
of the city. This led to a further reference — this time to the 
Pope himself. But official circumlocution rendering a per- 
sonal interview with the pontiff too difficult. Dr. Parrish 
drew up an urgent appeal to His Holiness, which he 
handed in person to Cardinal Antonelli, whose sympathies 
he enlisted so completely that the appeal reached its des- 
tination under most favorable auspices, and elicited from 
the Pope a reply to the effect that he " was graciously in- 
debted to the young American for his kindly and judicious 
interest." Soon after a medical commission was appointed 
to examine the hospitals, and to visit similar institutions in 
France and Germany. As a consequence, the glaring 
abuses of power upon the helpless inmates of the asylum, 
appealed against by Dr. Parrish, were entirely corrected. 
After nearly a year's foreign travel he returned to Phila- 
delphia, and, his health renewed, proposed to resume prac- 
tice, for which his advantages, including a Fellowship in 
the College of Physicians, were unusually good. But the , 
peculiar ability of his writings and lectures, with the success 
of his practice, marked him out to a kirge circle of friends 
as eminently fitted to t.ake charge of an institution for the 
training of idiots, lately organized under a charter from the 
State by Bishop Potter and a few philanthropic Philadel- 
phians, and commenced in an experimental way in a rented 
property at Germantown. Unknown to him, they presented 
his name to the Board of Directors ; the position was ten- 
dered to him ; he visited the institution, found it in a state 
of confusion and disorder, became interested, and, accepting 
the charge, at once gave form and life to the beneficent 
enterprise. Under his able administration its value was 
speedily recognized both by the people and the Legislature 
of the State. From the former came large private contri- 
butions, and from the latter liberal appropriations. The 
Legislatures of New Jersey and Delaware, and the City 
Councils of Philadelphia, under his influence, voted grants 
in consideration of the reception and treatment of a given 
number of children from their respective localities. Having 
established the institution firmly — it had by this time been 
removed to Media — Dr. Parrish, in 1S63, resigned its 
charge, notwithstanding the urgent remonstrances of the 
Board of Directors, conceiving his services to be demanded 
by his country. Leaving the school, with which his name 
will ever be identified, he entered the Sanitary Commission, 
where he was welcomed by being made the recipient of im- 
portant trusts. Beginning as an inspector of the camps and 
hospitals about Washington, he was subsequently delegated 
to travel through the principal towns of Pennsylvania and 
some other States, holding public meetings and organizing 
aid societies, with a view to secure much-needed additional 
supplies. He also edited the Saiii/ury Commission Bul- 
letin, and so successful was he in the organization of so- 
cieties for the manufacture of garments and the collection 
of supplies that he was requested by the board to visit the 
governors and Legislatures of the loyal States and endeavor 



to unify and concentrate the work of this valuable auxiliary 
to the government. This commission he executed with very 
gratifying results. Subsequently, under a full commission 
from the President of the United States, he made an ex- 
tended tour, embracing the numerous camps and hospitals 
within the Union lines in the West and South, looking after 
the sick and wounded and distributing with great discretion 
the supplies of the people through the authorities of the 
government. For some months he superintended the supply 
stations at White House and City Point, distributing whole 
cargoes of clothing, ice and hospital stores. In much of 
this benevolent labor he found a valuable coadjutor in Mrs. 
Parrish, who, in addition to her many services in connection 
with the commission, prepared a little volume entitled the 
" Soldiers' Friend," containing directions how to find the 
rests and lodges of the commission; also a choice collection 
of hymns, of which 50,000 copies were distributed gratuit- 
ously in the army and navy. After the surrender of Lee's 
army Dr. Parrish went to Richmond, and rendered efficient 
assistance to the Sanitary Commission in providing for the 
disbanded soldiers of both armies and the multitudes of 
destitute negroes. Strongly interested in the condition of 
the newly emancipated slaves, he, accompanied by his 
wife, made a tour of inspection of schools throughout the 
Southern States, in connection with the Freedman's Com- 
mission. As illustrating the general appreciation of his 
noble and disinterested labors during and immediately suc- 
ceeding the war, it may be mentioned that through all these 
troublous times he travelled without a weapon of any kind. 
On one occasion, being arrested by a picket in Virginia, the 
officer before whom he was taken not only instantly released 
him, but furnished an escort for his safe conduct to his des- 
tination. Returning home to Pennsylvania he turned his 
entire attention to a subject which for m.iny years had oc- 
cupied his mind — the nature and cure of inebriety. Obser- 
vation and study had convinced him th.at intemperance was 
actually a disease, subject to constitutional causes and amen- 
able to treatment as other diseases are. With this convic- 
tion he organized the Pennsylvania Sanitarium for the Cure 
of Inebriates, locatnig it at Media, and becoming the Presi- 
dent of its Board. In 1S70 he called in New York a con- 
vention of physicians interested in similar institutions, and 
the American Association for the Cure of Inebriates was 
then formed. He was tendered its presidency, but, pre- 
ferring the secretaryship. Dr. Willard Parker, of New York, 
was, on his motion, elected president. Two years later the 
presidency was again tendered him, and he accepted, hold- 
ing it to this day. In 1872, the association being requested 
by a parliamentary committee in England to send a delega- 
tion to testify before a Select Committee of the English 
House of Commons, Dr. Parrish and Dr. Dodge, of Bing- 
hampton, New York, were appointed, and ajipeared before 
the committee, in London, during three weeks, which were 
occupied in their examination, narrating their experience 
in the treatment of inebriety and presenting an outline of 



EIOCRArillCAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 



41 



American legislation on the su!)ject. A full stenographic 
report of their testimony was taken and published by the 
British government, while the committee were so impressed 
that they made a unanimous report adopting the recom- 
mendations of the delegates. Dr. Donald Dalrymple, 
chairman of this committee, had previously visited the 
various American inebriate asylums, and speaking, in his 
report to the House of Commons, of the Media Sanitarium, 
he says: " I visited the establishment at Media twice, though 
I only once saw the superintendent, Dr. Parrish,' who, from 
length of experience, accurate knowletige, moderation of 
views and sobriety of judgment, I place at the head of all 
those with whom I have had communication." Soon after 
his return from England he was unexpectedly appointed to 
negotiate a treaty with the warlike Indians in the territory 
lying north of Texas, but he visited Washington and de- 
clined the commission, though repeatedly urged by the 
Secretary of the Interior to accept. Six months after his 
return he accepted the invitation of the trustees of the 
Maryland Inebriate Asylum, located at Baltimore, to devote 
a portion of his time to that institution. He found it in a 
most discouraging condition, but his energy and magnetism 
soon produced a change for the belter, and aroused a lively 
interest in the benevolent enterprise throughout the State 
and countiy. During all these years of active work on 
behalf of particular institutions he has not been unmindful 
of the promulgation of his theory in a wider sphere. By 
able contributions to the public press and to the medical 
literature of the country, he has attracted large attention to 
the scienlitic treatment of idiocy and inebriety, and has se- 
cured for himself the position of an authority on these 
subjects. Among these publications must be specially 
noticed his " Report to the Legislature on the Criminal and 
Dependent Population of Pennsylvania," " Philosophy of 
Intemperance," " Intemperance as a Disease," being a re- 
port before the Pennsylvania Medical Society, of which he 
was first vice-president ; " Classification and Treatment of 
Inebriates," "Opium Intoxication" and "The Pathology 
of Inebriety," being a lecture delivered before the Medical 
and Chirurgical Society of Maryland. He has also ap- 
peared as a lecturer upon these and other subjects. About 
the last of October, 1875, he returned to Burlington, in- 
lending to devote himself to medical literature, and es- 
pecially to a further elaboration of the subject of his 
specialty; but his return, though after twenty years' ab- 
sence, was greeted by his many friends with much more 
enthusiasm than was anticipated, and he found himself 
rapidly falling into an extensive practice, which he could 
not very well avoid. With the vigor of youth, and the 
enterprise which he has always manifested in his profes- 
sion, he is still pursuing a practice that occupies much of 
his time. He is, however, not so much occupied that he 
cannot devote a few spare hours to the preparation for the 
press of a work on the " Pathology and Treatment of Alco- 
holic and Opium Intoxication." The first to elaborate the 
6 



theory that inebriety and the opium habit are diseases sul)- 
ject to regular medical treatment in such a way as to secure 
its acceptance by the medical profession, he has earned the 
gratitude of all humanitarians and done much to advance 
the welfare of mankind. Much of his success may be at- 
tributed to his great personal magnetism, which altr::cis 
support from society and confidence from his patients. 
Naturally he has been approached by temperance organiza- 
tions and appealed to by them for co-operation and supjiorl. 
But pursuing his theory simply in its medical aspect he has 
invariably declined such affiliations, preferring, to use his 
own expression, "not to dilute his energies" by too mudi 
subdivision. The subject, as he views it, is large enough 
to engage all the powers of any man, and in his devotion to 
its study on that line he is best serving his generation ami 
posterity. At a recent meeting of the American Association 
for the Cure of Inebriates, of which he was the founder ancl 
which he served as president for three years, he was made 
Secretary for foreign correspondence, and requested by 
resolution to communicate with all civilized nations having 
official correspondence with the United States, and with all 
heathen nations in which there are Christian missions, 
through our foreign consuls and ministers, and through the 
several missions, and propoimd to them such questions as 
he may prepare, for the purpose of eliciting and collating 
reliable facts as to the kind and character of intoxicants 
used by the several nations and kingdoms of the globe, and 
of the laws governing their manufacture and sale, as well as 
the effect on the morals and habits of the people. ■ He is 
now engaged in this comprehensive service, and when he 
shall have completed it he will have secured most impor- 
tant facts, which will of comse be made the property of the 
public. 



EELEY, HON. ELIAS P., Lawyer and Governor 
and Chancellor of New Jersey, was born, 1791, 
in Cumberland county, New Jersey, and was de- 
scended from one of the Puritan settlers, who 
removed from Connecticut towaids the close of 
the seventeenth century and located in that sec- 
tion. While a child, his father removed to Bridgeton and 
held several county offices beside serving both in the As- 
sembly and Legislative Council of the State. Elias had but 
a limited education, but entered upon the study of law in 
the ofirce of Daniel Elmer, and was licensed as an attorney 
in 1815. He shortly after commenced the practice of his 
profession, adding to the latter the duties of a conveyancer. 
He was elected a member of the Legislative Council in 
1S29, and thereafter re-elected for three successive years; 
and in 1832 was chosen vice-president of the same. When 
Governor Southard was elected United Slates .Senator a 
vacancy was then created in the executive chair, and at a 
joint meeting of the Legislature, held in March, 1S33, Elins 
P. Seeley was elected to fill the same. During his teiin 



42 



BIOGRAPHICAL EN'CVCLOP.EDIA. 



of service as Chancellor, the celebrated Quaker case Avas 
argued before him, which consumed over a month in the 
hearing. The result was to affirm the original decree, seven 
of the judges, including the Governor, being favorable to 
the decree, while four dissented from the same. After the 
expir.ition of his term as Governor, he was again elected a 
member of the Legislature, in which he served for several 
years. He was politically opposed to the Democratic doc- 
trines as laid down by Jackson, and toward the close of his 
life was an active and zealous member of the Whig party. 
He died in 1846. 



'HEDDAN, REV. SAMUEL SHARON, D. D., 
late of Rahway, was born in Northumberland 
county, in Pennsylvania, September 13th, 1810. 
His grandparents came from Scotland, and settled 
on a farm within a few miles of the Susquehanna 
river, where the homestead of his family remains 
until the present time. He pursued his studies preparatory 
to college at the academy in Milton, Pennsylvania; entered 
Jefferson College in the year 1S30, and graduated two years 
afterward. Theology he studied at Princeton, and was li- 
censed to preach by the Presbytery of Northumberland in 
the fall of 1834. Shortly after his license Dr. Sheddan was 
called to take charge of the church at Muncy for one-half 
of his time, and to give the other half as a supply to the 
church in Willlamsport, in Pennsylvania. At the end of 
two and a half yeai-s he was called to relinquish his field in 
Williamsport, and give this half of his time as co-pastor 
with Dr. Bryson in the church at Warrior Run. Dr. Bryson 
had been pastor of the church .at Warrior Run for about 
fifty years, and under his pastorale both the grandfather and 
the father of Dr. Sheddan had become ruling elders. He 
remained four years and a half as co-pastor with Dr. Bryson, 
and at the end of that period liecame sole pastor of the 
church, then one of the largest churches in the vicinity. 
He remained at Warrior Run eleven years from the day he 
became sole pastor of the church. At the end of that time 
he W.1S unanimously called to the First Presbyterian Church 
in Rahw.ay, New Jersey. On December 17th, 1835, he was 
united in marriage with Maiy Boyd, daughter of the Rev. 
Alexander Boyd, of Newtown, Pennsylvania. In the year 
1S64 he received the degree of Doctor of Divinity from 
Columbia College, New York. The life of Dr. Shedd.an 
was a most laborious and useful one. During his ministry 
at Wanior Run, he united the office of teacher with that of 
pastor, and by unremitting toil carried on successfully both 
his school and his church. Among other fruits of his labors 
he prepared for college from twelve to fifteen ministers of the 
Gospel, many of whom still survive; and through them, 
though dead, he still speaks. He remained the beloved 
pastor of the Fnst Presbyterian Church in Rahway, New 
Jersey, for twenty-two years and a half, and Sunday, at 



ff?:'? 



noon, on October iSth, 1S74, upon the fortieth aivnivereary 
of his ministerial life, he laid down his earthly work to re- 
ceive his crown. 

'""■ "LMENDORF, JOHN C, Lawyer, and Treasurer 
of Rutgers College, was born in .Somerset county. 
New Jersey, in March, 1S14. His parents, Wil- 
liam C. and Maria (Dumont) Elmendorf, were 
both natives of the same State. He obtained his 
elementary education at Somerville ; entered Rut- 
gers College in 1833, and was graduated in 1836. Choos- 
ing the legal profession, he became a student in the office 
of Judge S. Nevins, of New Brunswick, and after the pre- 
scribed course of study was licensed as an attorney in 18 9, 
and as counsellor in 1842. For fifteen years he served wiih 
marked ability and fidelity as Prosecutor of the Pleas for 
Middlesex County, filling the office under the administra- 
tions of Governors Stratton, Newell and Olden. Appoinltd 
Treasurer of Rutgers College in 1S53, he has discharged 
the duties of that position for over twenty-three years wiih 
distinguished ability, and to the increased prosperity of the 
institution. He was married on October 6lh, 1857, to 
Maria Louisa Frelinghuysen, of New Jersey. 



URPHY, COLONEL WILLIAM ROBINSON, 
Supervisor of the New Jersey Stale Prison, at 
Trenton, was born at Princeton, New Jersey, No- 
vember 27lh, 1S09. His father, William R. 
Murphy, a fanner by occupation, was a native of 
Lawrence township, Mercer county, in llie same 
State, and his mother, whose maiden name was Mary Burk, 
was born in Princeton. John Bui'k, liis maternal grand- 
father, was a sergeant in the Maryland Line Regiment of 
Infantry, under General George Washington, and received 
at Monmouth a wound, which eventually proved fatal. 
Colonel Murphy's education was obtained in the Princeton 
common schools. When fifteen years of age he was appren- 
ticed in the cabinet-making trade, to which he devoted him- 
self assiduously, and when attaining his majority, his em- 
ployer dying, the entire business which the latter had built 
up in Princeton fell into his hands. He carried this on 
with good results for eight years, and was compelled then to 
relinquish it by reason of failing health, retiring for a time 
from active life. In 1S44 he was appointed Postmaster at 
Princeton, and filled this position acceptably to his fellow- 
townsmen for many years. In 1852 he was appointed Clerk 
of Mercer county, and remained in office until the expira- 
tion of his term, which comprised a period of five years, win- 
ning golden opinions from all classes in the community by 
the energy, promptitude and fidelity he displayed in the dis- 
charge of his duties, and by the urbanity of his deportment. 



EIOGRAPIIICAL ENCVCI.nr.EDIA. 



He Iiad always manifested a deep interest in military 
matters, was a member of a military organization, and at 
the time of the breaking out of the late civil war, he was 
in command of a fine body of men, in discipline and mora/e 
unsurpassed by any other of like numbers in the State. 
With this body, acting heartily with him, he was among 
the first to respond to President Lincoln's call for troops. 
Governor Olden placed him, successively, in various posi- 
tions, all comprising important military trusts, and in Febru- 
ary, 1862, he received his commission as Colonel of the lolh 
New Jersey Infantry. In 1863, after resisting for a lime 
pressing importunities to return, he came from the field to 
supervise the interests of the canal company. In March 
of the same year he resigned his command, and was ap- 
pointed Inspector and Collector of the Delaware & Raritan 
Canal, a joint company with the old Camden & Amboy 
Railroad. For a few niunths he served as Superintendent 
of the Air Line from New York to Washington, the business 
of which had assumed huge proportions in consequence of 
its being used as the main road for the transportation of 
troops and army supplies from the northeast to the seat of 
war. He retained his connection with the canal company 
up to 1S68. In April of the following year he was chosen 
to the Supervisorship of the State Prison at Trenton, and it 
is an excellent commentary on the ability and care with 
which he has discharged all his onerous duties, that he has 
continued ever since to fill that position in the midst of 
great political changes. He is an active Democrat, but al- 
lows no partisan zeal to influence him in the fulfilment of 
the responsibilities laid upon him. He has reformed many 
abuses in prison discipline, and has originated and rendered 
practical many beneficial methods of discipline, and has 
been often rewarded by the commendation of the people. 
He is a gentleman of engaging manners, versatile in busi- 
ness accomplishments, and firm in action when convinced 
it is for private and public good. His residence is at 
Bordentown, and his wife, whose maiden name was Mary 
Landphier, and her native place, New London, Connecti- 
cut, is a lady of many accomplishments, and ably supports 
him in all his undertakings. 



:ARRIS0N, CHARLES H., Manufacturer of 
Patent Leather, was born in Parsippany, Morris 
county. New Jersey, March 12th, 1825. His 
father, Henry Harrison, originally a manufact- 
urer, was a native of Orange, New Jersey, as was 
his father before him. Captain Thomas Harrison, 
a soldier of the Revolution, who died about 1837, at the 
ripe age of eighty. His mother was Pamela De Hart, of 
Elizabethtown, New Jersey, a descendant of the De Harts 
of revolutionary fame; so that revolutionary blood pours 
into his veins along both lines of descent. He attended 
the district schools of Morris county until he was twelve 



years of age, at which period his parents removed to Orange, 
where he resumed his altejidance at school, though only for 
the winter months, working through the rest of the year on 
the farm with his father, who had retired from manufactur- 
ing, and engaged in agiiculture. He continued thus to 
divide his time between the farm and the school till he was 
fifteen years old, when he left school, and for a short time 
gave his whole attention to the farm, after which he went 
to Newark, and entered the establishment of Colonel D. 1!. 
Crockett, for the purpose of learning the art of manufactur- 
ing patent leather. In this establishment he remained until 
1848, when, having mastered the business, he left for Pitts- 
burgh, Pennsylvania, to take charge of a patent leather 
manufactory at that place. This position he held till 1S50, 
discharging its duties faithfully and ably. He had now 
acquired experience as well as .skill in his business, and 
withal a small capital, the fruit of hard labor and self-deny- 
ing economy. With this stock, of which by far the most 
valuable part was carried not in his purse, but in his head, 
he returned to Newark, and laid the foundations — in a 
small way, indeed, but on the present site — of the extensive 
and flourishing business which now spreads his name in all 
quarters of this continent. A little over a year after he set 
up in business on his own account he associated with him 
his brother, John D. Harrison, under the firm-name of C. 
H. & J. D. Harrison. Their united capital was not large, 
but both were hard workers, with clear perceptions of what 
should be done, and strong wills and cunning hands to do 
it. They were determined to succeed, and, as usually fol- 
lows in such cases, they carried their determination into 
effect. They have succeeded eminently, standing to-day 
among the acknowledged leaders of their business in the 
United States. Their present manufactories, erected on the 
site occupied at the outset, cover about two acres of ground, 
and, when running at full force, they employ some one hun- 
dred and twenty men, producing twenty thousand hides 
annually. Their trade, which is steadily increasing, extends 
now over all parts of the United States, Canada, and the 
East and West Indies. Not content with their success, 
they treat it as a stepping-stone to greater achievements in 
the future. The spurs they won long ago they used only 
to prick the sides of their ambition, and, in the midst of 
ripening prosperity, they still maintain the same spirit. 
With them success is not a sedative, but a stimulant. The 
senior member of the firm is in politics a Republican, and 
in 1S75 represented the Sixth Assembly District of Essex 
county in the Legislature, where he displayed the diligence, 
judgment, and liberality that have characterized him as a 
business man. He is now one of the School Commission- 
ers of the city of Newark. On the special call of the gov- 
ernment during the Gettysburg fight he volunteered his 
services, and was assigned to duty as Quartermaster of the 
Provisional Battalion of New Jersey Volunteers, stationed 
at Harrisburg. He was married in April, 1S49, to Marie 
Brewster, of New Jersey. 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 



lARICK THEODORE ROMEYN, M. D., of afier Operalions aiul Grave Injuries," was reported by the 
Jersey City, was born, June 24lh, 1S25, in Dutchess j jS'ew York Medical Journal in October of that year. He is 



county, New York. His father, John Vreeden- 
bergh Yarick, was a native of New York city. Ilis 
nioiher, Anna Mari.i (Romeyn) Varick, belonged 
to the Romeyn family of Iluckensack, New Jersey. 
Members of this family have, for the last three generations 



also connected with the Jersey City Pathological Society, 
and with the Neurological Society of New Y'ork city. In 
iSCJQ he was appointed by Governor Randolph to the ofiice 
of Surgeon -General of the State of New Jersey, and still 
occupies that position. He is Attending Surgeon to St. 



ministered to the congregation of the Reformed Dutch m Francis' Hospital and also to Jersey City Charity Hospital. 

that town, and the pulpit is at present filled by one of them. 

His uncle, Colonel Richard Varick, leaving his profession, 

that of the law, enrolled hmiself during the revolutionary 

war among his country's defenders, and was attached to 

General Benedict Arnold's staff at the time of that great 

traitor's defection. Subsequently Colonel Varick became 



In 1867 he reported to the Medical Record a case of" Com- 
plete Lateral Luxation of the Radius and Ulna, outward to 
the Radial Side." The records of medical science contain 
but thirteen similar cases, those having occurred in France. 
He also published an article on " Urticarea Produced by 
Hydrocianic Acid." This was as early'as 1S47, and in the 



private secretary to \Vashiiigton, and continued in that U.-imc year he wrote another paper on the " Use of Nitrate 
office till the close of the war. He was Recorder of New | of Silver in Acute Laryngitis." In 1S59 he contributed to 
York city from 1 7S3 to 1 7S8 ; being also, from r-7S7 to 1 788, : the medical press an account of the removal of a fibre-cellular 
a member of the Assembly. From 17SS to 1789 he served ! tumor from the tongue with the ecraseur. In 1S69 he re- 
as Attorney-General for the State of New York. In the [corded a case of " Sub-periostal Resection of the Clavicle." 
latter year he was elected Mayor of the city flf New York, ; His contributions to the medical literature of his day are 
holding that office till 1800, a period of eleven consecutive | numerous and important. \Vritten as they have been at 
years He died in 1S31, " full of years and-of-honofs," and '' ^ times snatched from the sterner duties of his profession, they 
was buried at Hackensack. In 1832 Dr. Virick's father show that Dr.. Varick is a physician " born, not made ; " one 
removed to Jersey City, occupying as a counti-y residence 



the old homestead. The family lived in NewY'ork'^from 
1845 to 1848, in which year they returned- to Jersey City. 
His father died iu 1S35, previous to their removal to New' 
York. In 1S41 Theodore R. Varick entered the collegiate 
department of the New York University, and in 1843 he 
commenced the study of medicine in the same institution, 
graduating in the spring of 1846, before he had attained his 
twenty-first year. Soon after his gradu.ation he received an 
appointment as Assistant Physician in the New York" City 
Dispensary, located at the corner of White and Centre 
streets. In the following year he became one of the corps 
of attending physicians, and served in this capacity for two 
years. During this period (in 1847), the ship fever pre- 
vailed as an epidemic, and three out of a medical staff of six, 
succumbing to the disease, fell martyrs to their noble pro- 
fession. In the fall of 1848 he returned to Jersey City, where 
he has since resided. In 1851 he became one of the incoi-- 
porators of the District Medical Society of Hudson County, 
New Jersey, 'and -is at the present time, except Dr. J. E. 
Culver, the only surviving one of the charter members. In 
1853 he was elected member of the American Medical As- 
sociation. He is also a Fellow of the'New Jersey State 
Medical Society, having been President of that body in 
1864. In that capacity he addressed them upon the occasion 
of their annual meeting, in a learned and suggestive disser- 
tation upon the "Attributes of Mind, their Operations and 
Effects." He belongs to the New Y'ork Academy of Med- 
icine, and has been an honorary member of the New York 
State Medical Society since 1S69. Of the New Jersey 
Academy of Medicine he was the first President. His ad- 
dress to the society in 1S75, upon "The Causes of Death 



who loves science for its own sake as well as for the power 
it -gives him of alleviating human suffering. His scientific 
resfearcltes and experience have made him an authority with 
the .profession, while his election to the many societies of 
whifh he is a riiember is conclusive testimony that his 
brethren of the medical fraternity think they honor them- 
selves while honoring him. He was married, in 1847, to 
Adelia J". Wbolsey, of Jersey City. His eldest son, William 
Woolsey Varick, graduated at Bellevue Medical College, 
New York, in March, 1876, and was appointed assistant 
surgeon to St. Francis' Hospital, Jersey City. 



7 

YMMES, HON. JOHN CLEVES, Lawyer, Soldier 
and Jurist, was born, July 2 1st, 1 742, at River- 
head, Long Island, province of New York. He 
appears to have received a fair education, though 
not a classical one, and in early manhood became 
a school teacher and surveyor. He subsequently 
studied law, and at the time when the difficulties with Great 
Briratn culniinated in the war of the Revolution he aban- 
doned his professional pursuits and entered the Northern 
army, though exactly in what capacity he served is not 
recorded. At all events, he was present at and participated 
in the battle of Saratoga. Shortly after this event he re- 
moved to New Jersey, taking up his residence at Newton, 
in Sussex county, and subsequently was appointed a dele- 
gate to the Provincial Congress, and assisted in framing the 
State constitution of 1776. In February, 1777, lie was 
elected by the joint action of the Council and Assembly an 
Associate-Justice of the Supreme Court of the State, and 




<5^^c^Cr^^ (^'/^aJIJl ^ ^ 



BIOGRAPllICAL EN'CVCLOr.EDIA. 



45 



held that position for several years. In i7S4nnd 1785 he 
was a delegate to the Continental Congress at Philadelphia, 
retaniing, however, his seat on the bench. In 1788 he was 
chosen by the Continental Congress one of the Judges of the 
Northwest Territory, and shortly afterwards removed to 
Ohio. As early as 1787 he began to negotiate for the pur- 
chase of lands in that Territory ; the coveted tracts being 
about one million acres lying between the two Miami rivers. 
Finally a contract for that number of acres was signed by 
himself and others, at sixty-six cents per acre, payable in 
instalments. But the troubled state of the country, caused 
by the hostility of the Indians to the proposed settlement, 
led to their failure in fulfilling the contract. However, in 
the spring of 1794, in conjunction with Elias Boudinot, 
Jonathan Dayton and others, he effected the purchase of 
248,000 acres, lying between the two Miami rivers, includ- 
ing the sites of the present cities of Dayton and Cincinnati. 
In the meantime, he established his own residence at the 
north bend of the Ohio, and laid out a city there to be called 
after himself; but circumstances led to the adoption of the 
land around Fort Washington as the site of the " Queen 
City," and the prospective metropolis at North Bend was 
destined to fail, although in those pioneer days it was 
regarded as the rival of Cincinnati. Judge Symnies was 
one of the most energetic and influential of the early pio- 
neers, and had a method of dealing with the Indians which 
made them more friendly towards him than to the great 
majority of his white brethren. Indeed, he w.as more than 
once assured by these children of the forest that his life had 
been thus far spared because of his kindness to them. He 
married Susanna, daughter of Governor Livingston, of 
New Jersey, and was the father of two children, a son and 
a daughter. The son, who bore the same name as himself, 
was the promulgator of the fanciful theory that the earth was 
hollow, with openings at the poles, whereby the inhabitants 
of the interior could enter; and he even petitioned Congress 
to fit out an expedition to explore those mysterious regions. 
Judge Symmes' daughter married Gencr.il, afterwards Presi- 
dent, Harrison, who subsequently made North Bend his 
residence after the death of his father-in-law. Judge 
Symmes died February 26lh, 1 814, at Cincinnati, and was 
buried at North Bend, where twenty-seven years later the 
remains of President Harrison were also laid. The inscrip- 
tion on Judge Symmes' tomb states, among other facts, that 
" he made the first settlement between the Miami rivers." 



iV 

^ INSEY, HON. JAMES, LL.D., Lawyer and 

Chief-Justice of the .Supreme Court of New 

Jersey, was born, 1733, in Middlesex county, 

=' ^(~\ New Jersey, and wa-s the son of the Hon. John 

^^^^ Kinsey, who emigrated from England in 17 16 

and settled in Middlesex county, which he subse 

quently represented in the Provincial Assembly, and wa' 



Speaker of the House for many years, his last tenure of 
that position being in 1 733. He shortly afterwards. removcil 
to Pennsylvanra, where he was likewise chosen a member 
of the Assembly of that Province; he was an eminent law- 
yer; a consistent member of the Society of Friends, and 
for the last seven years of his life Chief-Justice of Pennsyl- 
vania. He died in May, 1750, at Burlington, West Jersey. 
In the same town his son, James, married and settled. In 
1772 he was elected a member of Asscmljly to represent, in 
connection with a colleague, that city, and soon took a 
prominent part in the proceedings of .that body, being 
regarded as the leader of the opposition to Governor 
Franklin. He was appointed one of the delegates lo the 
Continental Congress, and took his seat in that body, at 
Philadelphia, September 5th, 1774; he resigned his position, 
for reasons deemed satisfactory by the Congress, in Novem- 
ber, 1775. In 1777 the New Jersey Legislature passed a 
law requiring attorneys and counsellors-at law to take the 
oath or affirmation of allegiance to the new State govern- 
ment ; but this he declined taking, and consequently was 
obliged to relinquish his practice. It is probable that his 
being a member of the Society of Friends caused his un- 
willingness to conform to the law as enacted. When Judge 
Brearly resigned the office of Chief-Justice, the joint meet- 
ing of the Council and Assembly, in November, 1789, 
elected James Kinsey to fill the vacancy, and he was re- 
elected in 1796, holding the position during life, a period 
of nearly fourteen years. His first election took place 
during the administration of Governor Livingston, who w.as 
not only satisfied that he was amply qualified for the office, 
but of his being entirely devoted to the cause of his country. 
He was thoroughly veised in the doctrines of the law, and 
of spotless integrity. He died in Burlington, January 4th, 
1803, in the seventieth year of his age. 



i/^AMPBELL, REV. W. H., D. D., LL.D., Clergy- 
1 1 man. Professor and President of Rutgers College, 
II New Brunswick, was born, September 14th, 1808, 
'l\^-' in the city of Baltimore, Maryland. He received 
a thorough academical education prior to his 
entering Dickinson College, at Carlisle, Pennsyl- 
vania, from which institution he graduated in 1828. After 
leaving this seminaiy he became the Principal of " Erasmus 
Hall," an institution of learning on Long Island, where he 
remained for six years. After dissolving his connection 
therewith he became the pastor of congregations at East 
New York and Albany, wherein he was settled for a period 
of nine years. In 1S48 he returned to educational pursuits, 
and accepted charge of the Albany Academy, where lie 
remained three years, and thence was called to and accepted 
a professorship in the New Brunswick Theological Sem- 
inary and Rutgers College; and, September j6th, 1S62, 



to .,1,.; >. 



46 



BIOGRAnilCAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 



was elected President of the latter. Since occupying this 
prominent position, he has been very active in promoting 
the interests of the college, and during the years 1863, 1864 
and 1S65 by his own efforts secured from the churches of 
the Reformed Dutch Communion, in New Jersey and New- 
York, an endowment fund aggregating §144,000. In 1870, 
ill commemoration of the centennial anniversary of the col- 
lege, he again secured the additional sum of Sl2l,ooo for 
the purpose of erecting new buildings and establishing pro- 
fessorships, seven of which have been created since he com- 
menced his administration, thus materially enlarging the 
course of study. As a natural result of this great increase 
of professorships, the number of students has correspond- 
ingly augmented since he accepted the oflice of President. 
Several fine buildings have been erected on the college 
grounds : the Astronomical Observatory; Geological Ilall; 
Kirkpatriclc's Chapel and Library ; and also outside the 
grounds a large building used as a grammar school, known 
as the " Rutgers College Grammar School," and which is 
under the charge and government of the trustees of the 
college. As an efficient educator and able administrator. 
Dr. Campbell is widely known throughout the country ; 
while as a pulpit orator and deeply-read theologian, he 
likewise occupies a prominent position among the divines 
of the Reformed Dutch Church. 



' MITH, ISAAC, Physician, Soldier and Jurist, was 
born in 1740, and received a liberal education 
and graduated from Princeton College in 1758. 
He afterwards studied medicine and became a 
practising physician. From the very commence- 
ment of the troubles with Great Britain he was 
distinguished for his patriotic services in the cause of his 
country, and in 1776 he commanded a regiment. During 
the periods of gloom and dismay he was firm and persever- 
ing. He associated valor with discretion, and the discip- 
lined spirit of the soldier with the sagacity of the statesman. 
In February, 1777, he was elected by the Legislative Coun- 
cil and Assembly, in joint meeting, an Associate-Justice of 
the Supreme Court of New Jersey, and was thrice subse- 
quently re-elected to the same position, so that he remained 
on the bench for twenty-eight yeare, a longer period than 
it has ever been held by any other person. When his fourth 
term of office expired, in 1S05, party spirit ran high, and, 
as he was a Federalist, he did not succeed in being re- 
elected. After he had retired from the bench, he returned 
to his residence in Trenton, and was appointed the first 
President of the Trenton Banking Company, which position 
he held until death. He enjoyed the acfjuaintance and 
friendship of both Presidents Washington and Adams, who 
esteemed him for his many virtues. Endowed with talents 
of a high order, he united in himself the scholar, soldier, 
gentleman and Christian. He died August 20th, 1S07. 



TRATTON, HON. CHARLES P., Lawyer and 
Law Judge, of Camden county, was born, June 
i8th, 1828, in Bridgelon, Cumberland county, 
New Jersey. He is descended from Benjamin 
Stratton, of East Hampton, Long Island, who 
removed to Fairfield, Cumberland county, as 
early as 1715. His parents, Nathan L. and Hannah 
(Buck) Slratton, were both natives of New Jersey, and the 
family has always enjoyed a good standing in the Str.te. 
Having obtained his preliminary education in the schools 
of Bridgeton, he took an academical course at Perth Am- 
boy, in a boarding-school of high reputation. Thus care- 
fully prepared, he entered Princeton College in 1845, and 
was graduated with the class of 184S. Then he became a 
student in the oflice of Judge L. Q. C. Elmer, of Bridge- 
ton, an able lawyer and judge long and favorably known 
throughout the State. Under this excellent supervision he 
prosecuted his legal studies, and, in due course, was licensed 
to practise as attorney in November, 1852. Three yeare 
later he was admitted to the higher rank of counsellor. In 
the eorly part of 1S53 he removed to Camden, and entered 
the office of Judge Cr.rpentcr, where he remained for about 
one year assisting the judge in the details of his practice 
and gaining a valuable experience for himself. On leaving 
that engagement he began the practice of his profession 
alone in the same city, where he has since continued to 
reside. Since the passage of the bankruptcy act he has acted 
as Register in Bankruptcy. Having established a reputation 
as a sound lawyer, and manifested a judicial cast of mind, 
his name was brought before the Legislature in 1872 as a 
candidate for Law Judge of Camden county, and on joint 
ballot he was elected for a term of five years. In this 
capacity he presides over a court created for the trial of a 
special class of cases, and his conduct thereof has tended to 
consolidate and increase the estimation in which he was 
previously held in the profession and in the community 
generally. In politics he has always been a Republican, 
and, so far as consistent with the dignity of his official 
position, he has always accorded an earnest and active sup- 
port to the Republican party. He was manied in 1S56 
to Clara Cooper, of Trenton. 

ESSLER, REV. ABRAHAM, D. D., Clergyman, 
of Somerville, New Jersey, was born, Novembi r 
15th, 1800, in Readington township. New Jersey. 
His father was Cornelius Messier, and his mother 
Mary (Stryker) Messier. The family are de- 
scended from Tennis Thomason Metzellaer, w lio 
came to this country from Holland in 1641 with the first 
ship sent out to the Van Rennselaer manor, at Albany. He 
seems to have remained only a short time at Albany. In 
1642 he was a resident of New Amsterdam, and had a 
child baptized March 23d. The grandfather of Dr. Mcsslcr 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENXVCLOP.EDIA. 



47 



removed to New Jersey, and settled near New BriinsH iek, 
ill 1745; his grandfather resided near Sonimcrville, but 
finally removed to New BrunswicI;, and died there in 1S06, 
at llie age of eiglily years ; his father resided on llie pater- 
nal homestead, near New Gern.antown, where he died, 
May 2Sth, 1S43, in the eighty-fiflh year of his age. Abra- 
ham Messier was prepared for college at New Germantown 
and at Lamington, under the direction of Rev. Horace 
Galpin. In the year 1819 he entered the junior class of 
Union College, from which institution he graduated with 
honors in the class of 1821. Among his classmates were 
Rev. Dr. Nevin, of the Reformed Church, of Pennsylvania, 
Rev. Dr. Austin Vates, of Union College, and President 
Hickock, also of Union College, Hon. \V. A. Campbell, 
of Cherry Valley, and Governor Seward, of New York. 
Immediately after his graduation he entered the Theologi- 
cal .Siminary at New Brunswick, then under the charge of 
the Rev. Dis. Livingston and Ludlow. He graduated 
here in the year 1824, and was licensed to preach. May 
27ih, 1S24. He settled fir^t at Lodi, New York, where he 
was ordained, April 29th, 1S25. He remained there three 
years, when he resigned and accepted a call from the 
church of Poinpton Plains, New Jersey. There he re- 
mained nntil October, 1832, when he was called to the 
First Reformed Church, of Somerville, New Jersey. 
There he has ever since remained, ministering to this con- 
gregntiun through a period of almost half a century. In 
1844 the degree of D. D. was conferred on him by Rutgers 
CoKege. In the year 1854 he travelled extensively in 
Kurope, visiting France, Italy, Germany, Switzerland, 
England and .Scotland. He is a most failliful worker for 
and with one of the largest congregations in the State, a 
great portion of which has grown up under his fostering 
cue, and sent off three branches, now flourishing churches; 
but, in addition to his regular ministerial labors, he has 
found time and strength to do much arduous literary work. 
In the year 1836 he wrote a work entitled " Fruits of Early 
P^ely," which was published by the American Sund.ay- 
school Union and has had an extensive circulation. In 
1872 he published his "Eight Memorial Sermons, with a 
History of the Reformed Churches of Somerset County." 
In 1S74 his " Memorial Sermon and Tribute of Respect to 
ex-Governor P. D. Vroom " was published, "a contribution 
of friendship to departed worth." Beside these publica- 
tions, with occasional sermons, his contributions to periodi- 
cal literature have been large. In 1853 and 1S54 he 
published two series of articles for the Christian Intelli- 
gt-Tuer entitled " Christian Ministry, the Reformers before 
the Reformation, the Confession of Faith," etc., which 
ran through about 150 numbers of this paper. After his 
return from Europe he contributed to the same pnper a 
series of articles entitled "Rhine and Rhineland; Holland, 
Belgium, etc." For over five years he wrote the principal 
editorials of the Christian Intelligencer. During the last 
year he contributed seveial articles to that paper, entitled 



" Science and the Bible," which have attracted considerable 
attention. He is now engaged in preparing a " Centennial 
History of Somerset County." He was married in 1S26 to 
Elma Doremns, an aunt of the well-known Professor Dorc- 
mus, of New York. He has six children living, his only 
son being Thomas D. Messier, third Vice-President and 
Comptroller of Accounts of the Pennsylvania Railroad, 
Assistant President of the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & St. Louil 
Railroad, and President of the Terre Haute & St. Louis 
Railroad. His eldest daughter is the wife of Hon. Charles 
W. Swift, of Poughkeepsie, and another is married to Julni 
T. Grimsby, of Springfield, Illinois. On the nth of Sep- 
tember himself and wife celebrated their golden wedding, 
having all their children and grandchildren present at din- 
ner, and in the evening a numerous reception of their 
friends of the church and congregation, and others. 

tiftll °''^^'''^' l^OBERT, Chief-Justice of the Supreme 
Court of New Jersey, was the son of Robert Hun- 
ter Morris, also Chief-Justice of the province; the 
grandson of Lewis Morris, Governor of the snme 
province; and the great-grandscm of Richard 
Morris, an officer of the time of Cromwell, who 
left England at the period when Charies II. was restored 
to the throne, and settled in New York, where he died in 
1673. Robert Morris was the first regularly elected chief- 
justice of New Jersey after the State had declared her in- 
dependence of Great Britain. He was elected at the joint 
meeting of the Legislative Council and Assembly, held in 
February, 1777, and continued in that office only two years, 
when he resigned it. In 1790 he was appointed by Presi- 
dent Wa.shington Judge of the District Court of the United 
States for the District of New Jersey, which he held for the 
remainder of his life; during the latter part of the time, 
however, his health was so impaired as to render him un- 
able to preside in court; but the business of the court was 
so limited that his failure to appear on the bench did not 
create any special inconvenience to the public interests. 
Me died at his residence in New Brunswick, in 1S15. 






M 



^„RIFFITII, HON. WILLIAM, Lawyer and Jurist, 
was born, 1766, at Bound Brook, Somerset county. 
New Jersey, and was the son of Dr. John Grifhih, 
of that place. He entered the office of the late 
'^' - Hon. Elisha Boudinot, at Newark, where he pur- 
sued his legal studies; and in conjunction with 
Josiah Ogden Hoffman, afterwards a distinguished lawyer 
of New York, Gabriel H. Ford, Alexander C. McWhorter 
and Richard Stockton, who were all law .students in the 
same town, founded the " Institutio Legalis," a species of 
mo<3t court, which subsequently existed for many years, and 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCL0P.4iDIA. 



served to prepare them and their successors, in a great 
measure, for the active duties of their profession. William 
Griffith was licensed as an attorney in 1778; in 1781 as a 
counsellor; and in 1798 as a serjeant-at-law. He fi.xed his 
residence at Burlington, where he married, and in a short 
time his practice became a very lucrative one, and he en- 
joyed a deservedly high reputation as an advocate. He 
was exceedingly well versed in the common law which 
governs real estate ; and he made himself acquainted wiih 
most of the land titles of New Jersey. At the close of 
President Adams' administration, and after the election of 
President Jefferson, an act of Congress was passed creating 
s'x new Circuit courts, each having its own justice and two 
associate justices. On the very last day, or rather night, 
of the outgoing administration the Senate acted on the 
nominations made by the President; and as the entire num- 
ber were confirmed by the Senate, about midnight of March 
3!, 1801, these judges — thus confirmed — enjoyed the 
soubriquet of " Midnight judges." For the Third Circuit, 
consisting of the States of Pennsylvanin, New Jfl'sey and 
Delaware, there were selected the late Chief-Justice Tilgh- 
m.m, of Pennsylvania, as chief-justice of the new circuit; 
Richard Bassett, of Delaware, and William Griffith, of New 
Jersey. The court thus constituted held two terms, one in 
May and the other in October, 1801. But these appoint- 
mt;nts were very unpopular, as they were made in the last 
liour of an outgoing administration, when the succeeding 
one was of directly opposite doctrines; and so, when Con- 
gress assembled, in December, i8oi, one of its first acts was 
to repeal the courts thus established, and cast adrift the 
judges so nominated and confirmed. Judge Bassett, how- 
ever, vigorously protested against these retaliatory meas- 
tu'es; but nothing resulted from it, allhough the course thus 
adopted by the majority was against the Constitution of the 
United States, which states that the judges shall hold office 
during good behavior. Of course there was no alternative 
but to accept the situation, and Judge Griffith returned to 
bis practice at the bar, but did not long continue therein, as 
he had become a speculator in the sale of lands ; and when 
the war of l8l2 was in progress he embarked in the busi- 
ness of manufacturing both cotton and woollen goods; and, 
having no experience in that line of business, lost all his 
fortune, besides being involved far beyond his means; and 
indeed he was entirely unable to free himself from tliese 
incumbrances during the balance of his life. At a later 
dale he became a member of the Legislature, ami while in 
that body w.as the author of the act " to secure to creditors 
an equal and just division of the estates of debtors h ho con- 
vey to assignees for the benefit of creditors," which was 
passed in February, 1820. In the early part of the year 
1S26 he was appointed Clerk of the Supreme Court of the 
United States, but he only filled that important station a 
few months. He was at an early date a member of the 
Society for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery; and when 
his father died he, as the executor, refused to allow the 



slaves to be sold, but took them into his own service, and 
in 1806 formally liberated them. He was one of the few 
attorneys and counsellors-at-law in New Jersey who ever 
became an author. In 1796 he published a " Treatise on 
the Jurisdiction and Proceedings of Justices of the Peace," 
with an appendix containing advice to executors, etc. It 
was regarded as a most valuable work, and several editions 
were issued. He also published a series of " Essays," in 
which he showed the defects of the State constitution, and 
advocated a change, which, however, was not effected until 
a fourth of a century after his death. In 1820 he became 
engaged in the publication of the "Annual Register of the 
United States," which was designed to include not only the 
officers, but also the laws and regulations of each of the 
Slates of the Union ; and these to be corrected year by year 
in supplements issued for the purpose. By way of an in- 
troduction, he began to collate the *' Historical Notes of the 
American Colonies and Revolution, from 1754 to 1775," 
but he never lived to complete it. He died June 7th, 1S26. 



LLEN, ROBERT, Jr., Lawyer, of Red Bank, was 
(=ii/\9 '^orn in tlie city of New York, March 2d, 1824, 
Y'f\" -^'^ father, Charles G. Allen, is a native of Mid- 

dletown, New Jersey; for many years he was 
-^'^ engaged as a looking-glass and picture-frame 

manufacturer in New York city, a business he 
subsequently abandoned to take up farming in New Jersey. 
His mother's maiden name was Catherine Trafford, who 
was born at Rumson village, Shrewsbury township, Mon- 
mouth county. New Jersey. Young Robert received excel- 
lent educational advantages. After a thorough preparatory 
training he entered Princeton College in 1S42, and took a 
four years' course, graduating in 1S46. His inclination 
leading him towards tlie law as a profession, he immedi- 
ately began study with the late Judge Peter Vredenbergh, 
at Freehold, New Jersey. After passing through the pre- 
scribed preliminaries he was licensed as an attorney in 
1851, and in three years was qualified as counsellor. On 
beginning the active prosecution of his profession he took 
up his residence at Red Bank, where he has since con- 
tinued to practise. He is a close and industrious student, 
and has attained a wide reputation as a learned lawyer. 
His practice is chiefly in the State and county courts. He 
is the author of several important acts passed by the Legis- 
lature of New Jersey, among them the noted Railroad law 
of 1874, commonly called the Ten-day law, whereby the 
New Jersey Southern Railroad, from Sandy Hook through 
Long Branch and Vineland to the Delaware, was put in re- 
operation, to the relief of the towns and business centres in 
the neighborhood of the route of the road and its branches. 
For a period of five years, from 1867 to 1872, he was State's 
Attorney for Monmouth county, by commission from the 
governor, and performed the duties of that office with ready 




liiia^-ai.a.'"'''^'' 



\./yr 



BIOGRAnilCAL ENXVCLOr.KDIA. 



49 



real, ability, and constant fidelity to the public interests. 
He takes a deep interest in the alTairs of the town, and his 
value as a citizen and popularity as a man are attested by 
the fact that for three years past he has been chosen its 
mayor. Among other responsilile trusts he holds he is 
Vice-President of the First National Bank, of Red Bank, 
and one of the Trustees of the State Normal School, upon 
whose Board he is now serving his second term. In poli- 
tics he is a staunch Republican, and has yielded his party 
good service. Several valuable campaign papers have 
issued from his pen, as did also the first editorial article in 
any paper earnestly advocating the nomination of Governor 
Hayes for President. He was married, February 14th, 
1S55, to Rebecca S. Crawford, of Middletown, New Jcr=ey. 



lH''/f>ERRV, WILLIAM II., Manuf,\cturer, of Wood- 
bridge, is a native of New England, having been 
born in Litchfield, Maine, September iSth, 1805. 
lie conies of revolutionary stock, his grand- 
father, Natlianiel Berry, having served through- 
out the revolutionary war with bravery and dis- 
tinction. Shortly after December, 1777, Nathaniel Berry 
became attached to General Washington's Life Guard, a 
body of men selected for their courage, hardihood and 
trustworthiness. He died, August 20!h, 1850, at Pittston, 
Maine, in the ninety-fourth year of his age, and his ob- 
sequies were celebrated in a manner befitting a man so 
devoted in his patriotism ; he was buried with civic and 
military honors, and was followed to his grave by large 
numbers of citizens, who continued to cherish the remem- 
brance of his virtues and services. He was a man of natu- 
rally strong chaiacter, and retained the use of his faculties 
to the last. At the time of his death he was the last sur- 
viving member of Washington's Life Guard. Nathaniel 
Berry's son, John Berry, was a farmer, who married Eliza- 
beth Robinson, also a native of Maine. When well ad- 
vanced in life they removed from Litchfield to Gardiner, 
Maine, and there their son, William H. Berry, received his 
education, attending the public schools at Gardiner. He 
continued his attendance at school until he was nineteen 
years of age, when he entered upon the active business of 
life on his own account. On leaving school he entered 
upon a maritime career, and followed the sea for a perio<l 
of six years. He commenced his sea-going experiences as 
a common sailor before the mast, and finished them as first 
officer. On retiring from the sea he established himself in 
Jersey City, New Jersey, where he remained for a term of 
two years, associated with his brother in the business of 
baling and shipping hay. In the year 1S32 he removed 
from Jersey City to Woodbridge, where he continued in the 
hay business by himself. This he pursued until the year 
1S45, also carrying on in the meantime the coal business at 
Woodbridge. He was the first person to introduce anthra- 
7 



cite coal to that community, bringing it from Rondoul, on 
the Hudson river; and it is a curious thing to know that, 
so slowly did anthracite coal come into general favor, only 
forty tons of it were sold in the first two years after its in- 
troduction into Woodbridge. In 1845 he embarked in his 
present business, the manufacturing of fiie-brick. With his 
characteristic energy he speedily rciidcied this une cif the 
leading interests of the community. His conduct of it has 
been eminently successful, and his operations have been 
greatly enlarged, the ] resent capacity of the works being 
three times what it was originally. Fronv time to time, as 
the pressin-e of increasing demands reiidernl it necessary, 
the manufactory has been enlarged, until now, when run- 
ning with a full complement of hands, it can produce 
1,000,000 fire-bricks per annum, and at a trifling adclilional 
cost could be made to turn out 2,000,000 bricks in a year. 
The works are located on the creek, so that the advantage 
of water transportation is gained, as well as that of trans- 
portation by rail. The reputation of the work done at this 
manufactory is widespread and of the highest character. 
W'illiam H. Berry, besides devoting himself with energy^ and 
eminent success to his private concerns, is a most public- 
spirited citizen, always taking an active interest in the 
public affairs of the community in which he resides. For a 
number of years he has been a member of the Township 
Committee, and since the year 1S73 he has acted as its 
chairman. In the winter of 187 1 he obtained from the 
Legislature a charter for a Dime Savings Bank, and has 
held the office of President of the Board of Directors since 
the organization of the institution. At the present time he 
is Trustee of the Public Schools, and is engaged in building 
a school-house which, when completed, will cost between 
825,000 and 830,000, and will be an ornament to the 
village. Lie was also the first person to erect in Wood, 
bridge scales of heavy draught. During the war of the 
rebellion he was an ardent supporter of the Union cause, 
triving time and money freely to aid the administration to 
subdue the rebellion. He fitted up a portion of one of the 
factory buildings for drill purposes, and here, for about one 
year, troops, organized in the vicinity for actual service in 
the field, were exercised in the army drill. His son, Wil- 
liam C. Berry, on the breaking out of the rebellion, organ- 
ized a comp.any of young men of the village, and in August, 
lS6t, a part of his command joined Company H, 5lh New 
Jersey Volunteers, he himself being commissioned as First- 
Lieutenant. On the 5lh of May, 1862, while leading his 
men in the battle of Williamsburg, he fell a martyr to his 
country's cause. His body was recovered and now rests m 
Ihe Alpine Cemetery, between Woodbridge and Perth Am- 
boy, to await the final coming forth of all that sleep in their 
.naves. William II. Berry was married in May, 1S35, to 
Margaret Coddington, of Woodbrhlge, New Jeisey, whose 
grandfather, Robert Coddington, was one of a party of 
three who, during the revolutionao' war, captured, off Perth 
Amboy, a British vessel loaded with stores. It was a bitter 



so 



BIOGRAPHICAL EXCYCLOr.EDIA. 



cold night in winter when the attack was made. Tlie ice 
was thick enough along the shores to sustain a heavy hur- 
dcn. The stores were subsequently drawn on the ice to 
Perth Amboy, together with one of the British cannon, 
which was used in Woodbridge for many years in celebrat- 
ing American independence; in 1874 the town committee 
presented the gun to the New Jersey Museum of Revolu- 
tionary Relics, at Morristown, New Jersey. Mr. Berry is a 
member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. For one-third 
of a century he has acted as a Trustee of the church at 
Woodbridge, for the greater part of that time as President 
of the Board. lie has also held the position of class-leader 
for upward of twenty-five years, and that of Superintendent 
of the Sunday-school for five years. 



■-^OWXE, HON. HUGH II., Farmer, of Rahway, 
was burn at Oak Ridge, Rahway, New Jersey, 
November 30th, 1814. His parents were Robert 
H. Bowne, born in Shrewsbuiy, New Jersey, and 
Sarah (Hartshorne) Bowne, a native of Milford, 
Pennsylvania. His educational training wa.s ob- 
tained in the High School, New York, at West Town, 
Pennsylvania, and at John Gumniere's celebrated academy 
at Burlington, New Jersey. For a year subsequent to leav- 
ing school he was engaged as a clerk in New York city, 
but since 1834 he has lived on the Oak Ridge fann. Al- 
ways a Republican, and an earnest laborer for the success 
of Republican principles, he has filled many political posi- 
tions of responsibility and honor. Twice he was elected to 
represent his district in the State Legislature, and has filled 
most of the county ofiiccs. For the past nine years he has 
sat on the bench as Lay Judge. He was a Delegate to the 
Convention which nominated Fremont for the Presidency 
in 1S56, and to that which nominated Lincoln in i860. 
Governor Ward appointed him as one of the representatives 
of New Jersey at the Philadelphia Convention of i865. He 
i> a man of high character, and is greatly respected in the 
county. 



e 



I^OPER, JAMES, M. D., Physician, of Millville, 
New Jersey, was born at Pittsgrove, .Salem county. 
New Jei-sey, April 24th, 1812. His father, Wil- 
liam Loper, was also a native of that section of 
the State, and was engaged in agricultural pur- 
suits. His worth and integrity being appreciated 
by the community in which he resided, he was for several 
years chosen as Justice of the Peace, and for twenty-five 
years he served as an Associate Judge of the Common Pleas 
C )urt of Salem County. He died in 1871 at the ripe age 
of eighty-eight, respected and esteemed by all who had in- 
tercourse with him either in public or private life. The 
nioiher of Dr. Loper was Mera Abbott, a native of (ilouces- 



ter county. She was descended from a family well known 
in this section of the State. Her grandfather, Rev. Benj.a- 
niin Abbott, who came from England, was a Methodist 
divine who for many yeare travelled an extended circuit in 
West Jersey, and became widely known and beloved as a 
Christian teacher. Her father, Jeplha Abbott, following in 
the footsteps of his father, became a Methodist divine, and 
labored in that church for many years. The preliminary 
education of Dr. Loper was obtained in his native couniy, 
and after mastering the elementary rudiments he attended 
the old-established school of Samuel Miller, at Bridgeton ; 
here he acquired proficiency in Latin and Greek, and fin- 
ished his ccui-se of studies. Selecting the lime-honored 
profession of medicine for his future vocation, he immedi- 
ately commenced studying to that end in the office of Dr. 
William C. Mulford, of Daretown, Pittsgrove township, and 
in the fall of 1834 matriculated at Jeffei-son Medical College, 
from which he was graduated in the spring of 1836. For a 
''ew months he practised at Pittsgrove, but in the f.dl of 
1836 he located at Millville, where he has since resided. 
Thus, for a period of foily years, has Dr. Loper devoted 
himself to the arduous labors of an extensive and extended 
(practice. For a long period the only physician of note in 
the vicinity, he was called upon from far and near to ad- 
minister to the needs of the sick. Being wrapi>ed up in 
his professional life, he has avoided and declined participa- 
tion in political and public office, although having been fre- 
quently solicited to accept of positions of honor and trust. 
He was m.arried, March 15th, 1837, to Rebecca K. Rich- 
mond, a native of Pittsgrove. This estimable lady died 
November 20th, 1869. The issue of this marriage was 
three sons, all of w hom are now deceased. 






OPER, WILLIAM F., A. B., and M. D., son of Dr. 
James Loper, was born, July iSth, 1839, at Mill- 
ville. After a thorough preparatory course se- 
i-'s- cured at the West Jersey Academy, in Bridgeton, 
Vy he entered, in 1S57, the freshman class of Prince- 
College, and received therefrom in 1S61 the 
degree of A. B. at the conclusion of a four years' course. 
Inheriting, as it were, a love for the profession of his father 
he pnrsue<l the regular courses of study at Jeffereon Medical 
College, graduating therefrom in the spring of 1S63, and 
immediately returned to his native town and entered upon 
his professional career. He died Januai7 iSlh, 1864, his 
death being caused by the error of a druggist in furnishing 
a prescription which he took. Thus, in the flower of life, 
was cut down one who gave much promise of a bright 
career; one who would have been an honor to the profession 
at large, and a joy to the community in which he resided. 
His professional brethren felt that in his premature death 
their r.mks had lost one who would have rapidly acquirid 
a leading position in the profession, had his life been .spared. 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 



51 



TEAR, IIEXRY, Piinter and Stationer, was born, 
January 26lh, 1817, at Boston. His father, a 
native of the same place, was by occupation a 
printer, and transacted a large business. His 
mother, whose maiden name was Elizabeth Fisk, 
was born in M.assachusetts. Mr. Spear's early 
education was obtained at New Hampton Academy, New 
Hampshire, which he left when eleven years of age, moving 
to New York city. Here he entered the printing-house of 
Spear & Nesbit,and served a full apprenticeship. Upon at- 
taining his majority he commenced business on his own 
account, and rapidly built up a large printing trade, with 
which he combined the manufacture and sale of stationery 
and book-binding. He has been thus engaged ever since, 
and is now located at the corner of Wall and Water streets. 
New York. For seventeen years he has resided at Rahway, 
New Jersey, and has taken great interest in origin, tijig and 
carrying out many local improvements for the embellish- 
ment of the town where he resides and the comfort of its 
citizens. He is a Director of the Rahway Savings Institu- 
tion, and is prominently identified with a number of other 
social and business organizations. In 1840 he married 
Sophia H. Whitman, of Boston. 



BERNETHY, SAMUEL, M. D., late of Rahway, 
was born in Tinicum township, Bucks county, 
Pennsylvania, February 22d, 1806. His mother 
died when he was three years of age, and his 
father before he had reached his thirteenth year. 
Being thus early left an orphan, he was sent to 
pursue his studies with the Rev. Mr. Boyd, at Newtown, 
Bucks county, Pennsylvania. From there he went to Union 
College, New York, where he graduated in the year 1827. 
He commenced the study of medicine with the eminent 
physician and surgeon. Dr. Delos White, of Cherry Valley, 
Otsego county. Having laid a foundation of medical knowl- 
edge, he entered the Medical University of Pennsylvania, 
graduating in 1S30. Directly after he was appointed Sur- 
geon to the hospital in Philadelphia, and honorary member 
of the Medical Society of Philadelphia. In March, 1831, 
he removed to Rahway, where, at the age of twenty-five, 
he commenced practice. This place remained the scene of 
his labors until his death, which took pl.ace February I3lh, 
1874. He had an extensive practice, and was widely 
known as an eminent physician and surgeon. His genius 
was too great to allow his reputation to be merely local. 
Neighboring cities and States acknowledged him the peer 
of their most distinguished practitioners, and brought to 
him their tribute. Notwithstanding his great merits he was 
peculiarly unostentatious, and was never known to speak of 
what he had done, but seemed always to be looking forward 
to what he could do in the future. Forty-three years as a 
practitioner would naturally endear one to his patients; but 



the rare ability, genial spirit and characteristic unselfishness 
of Dr. Abernethy endeared him to the people of Rahway in 
a manner rarely known. He was a bachelor, and could 
therefore be truly wedded lo his jirofession, not for his own 
emolument, however, but fur the good that through his 
agency he could do his fellow-creature. He was reticent 
and reserved in disposition ; his silence was proverbial ; yet 
the young as well as the old felt their gatherings incomplete 
without him. He was truly Railway's own, and his death 
caused such a demonstration as was never before seen iheic. 
Meetings of the city authorities and of the citizens weie 
called and resolutions passed. His liudy lay in stale in ihe 
First Presbyterian CluiiTh, from which he was buiied, some 
hours befcre the funeral, which was largely attended by 
citizens, officials and the medical profession. Business was 
suspended, and fags di^|.lr,yed at half mast showed unmis- 
takably that the place of his labors mourned a great man 
and a good, gone. 



UITORD, HON. DAVID, Judge of the Common 
Pleas, was born in Linden township, New Terfcv, 
April I2lh, 1S25, his father, Lewis Mulford, hav- 
ing been born in the same township on August 
5th, 1790. The latter was by trade a carpenter, 
but in 1S32 he took up farming, and has since 
followed it with success and without interruption. His wife 
was Charlotte Williams, who was born in Union township 
in 1795. Mr. Mulford's education was conducted in his 
native township, and the loss incurred by him from the lack 
of great facilities in those days was made up by his own 
indefatig.able efforts in private study. He followed, with 
his father, agricultural pursuits until 1S58, when he entered 
business as a coal and lumber iiierchant. He had been, 
from the date of his majority, an active and intelligent par- 
tisan of the Democracy, and became a leader to the people 
of his tow'nship, who, in 1859 and in 1S60, elected him as 
their representative in the lower house of the State Asseniblv. 
In 1S62 he was appointed Judge of the Common Pleas for a 
term of five years, and in 1868 the distinction of a reappoint- 
ment for a similar period was conferred on him.. Duiing 
his first term Daniel Harris was president judge of the 
court, and William Gibley and Theodore Kirson, associates. 
During his second term, David A. Dcpue was president 
judge, and William Gibley and Hugh H. Bowne, asso- 
ciates. His service on the bench was marked by a clear 
knowledge of the letter and a keen appreciation of the 
spirit of the law, and his rulings and charges were admira- 
ble in their summary of facts and their application of laws 
bearing upon them. For ten yeai's Mr. Mulford has been a 
Director in the State Bank, for a long period a Director of 
the National Fire and Marine Insurance Company, and a 
Manager of the Dimes Saving Institution. For several 
terms he filled with general approval a scat in the Board of 
Chosen Freeholders, and for three years acted as one of its 



52 



BIOGRAnilCAL EN'CVCLOIVEDIA. 



Directors. In his various capncilies, as a business man, as 
a civic official, he has, by his firm integrity antl substantial 
ability, secured the esteem of all brought in contact w ith 
him, and is justly regarded as one of the foremost citizens 
of his township. He w.is married, in 1847, to Charily O., 
daughter of Townley Midfurd, of Linden. 



li NDRUS, CHARLES IL, M. D., Physician, of 
Meluchen, was born in Winhani, Greene cbunty, 
New York, October 13th, 1823. He sprang from 
New England stock, his parents, Sylvester and 
Elizabeth P. (Clark) Andrus, being both natives 
of Connecticut. His early educational training 
he obtained at Roxbury district school, from which he pro- 
ceeded, in 1S40, to Delaware academy, Delphi, Delaware 
county. New York. At this latter institution he remained a 
student for three years, becoming during the last a tutor as 
■well as a student, assisting in the instruction of chemistry 
and Latin. ILwing selected the medical profession for his 
life-work, he began the study of its principles under Dr. E. 
Steel. This he followed up with a two yeai-s' course at the 
College of Physicians and Surgeons, of New York, and then 
took a single year's course at Berkshire Medical College, 
Pittsfield, Massachusetts. His degree was conferred by 
the College of Physicians and Surgeons, of New York, in 
1845. Thus carefully prepared for the duties of a medical 
practitioner, he began practice in his native place, but soon 
after, in 1846, chose Poughkeepsie, New York, as his field 
of labor. Here he became associated with Dr. A. B. Har- 
vey, and the connection continued for two years, after which 
he pursued practice alone until 1857, when he removed to 
Balston Spa, Saratoga county. In this new sphere he re- 
mained until the spring of 1S62, when, desirous of contribut- 
ing his services to the cause of his country, he entered the 
army as Assistant Surgeon of the laSlh Regiment of New 
York Volunteers. In 1864 his skill and devotion met with 
recognition in a commission as Surgeon of the 176th New 
York Infantry, with which he served until its disbandment 
in April, 1866, the regiment being retained on duty in 
Georgia after the close of the war. During three months in 
the year 1864 he was detailed for duty at Sheridan's Field 
Hospital in the valley of the Shenandoah as Medical In- 
spector and Operating Surgeon. After leaving the army he 
resumed practice at Poughkeepsie, where he remained until 
1872. In that year he settled in Metuchen, the present 
scene of his labors. He enjoys a considerable and valuable 
practice, and is highly esteemed both as a medical man and 
as a large-hearted and public-spirited citizen. During his 
residence in Poughkeepsie he served for several years as a 
member of the Board of Education, and for two terms as 
Coroner for Dutchess county. In this latter capacity he has 
also officiated in Middlesex county, New Jersey, for one 
year. While living at Balston Spn, he was twice elected 



President of the S.aratoga County Medical Association. He 
was married, October 7th, 1S45, to Louisa C. Cowles, 
daughter of Dr. Jonathan B. Cowles, of Durham, Greene 
county. New York. 

ICKINSON, GENERAL PHILEMON, Soldier 
and Statesman, was born in 1740, and was de- 
scended from Philemon Dickerson, who with his 
brothers emigrated from England, and landed in 
Massachusetts in 163S. He was admitted a free- 
^ man of the town of Salem in 1641, and removed 
to Long Island in 1672. He had two sons, Thom.as and 
Peter. Thomas had four sons, all of whom moved to Morris 
county. New Jersey, about 1745, and from these the Dicker- 
sons and Dickinsons, as their names were sometimes written, 
are descended. During the war of ihe Revolution, General 
Dickinson took an early and active part in Ihe struggle for 
his country, and hazarded his ample fortune as well as his 
life to establish independence. In the memorable battle of 
Monmouth, at the head of the New Jersey militia, he ex- 
hibited the gallantry and spirit of a soldier of liberty. After 
the establishment of the national government he became a 
member of Congress. In the various stations, both civil and 
military, with which he was honored, he discharged his du- 
ties with great zeal and ability. During the last twelve or 
fifteen years of his life, he retired from active life, jiassing 
the remainder of his days at his countr)'-seat, near Trenton, 
where he died, February 4th, 1S09. 



G*T(f|^OODBRIDGE, REV. SAMUEL M., D. D., Cler- 
gyman and Professor of Ecclesiastical History and 
Government in the Theological Semin.ary of the 
Reformed Dutch Church, New Brunswick, was 
born, April 5th, 1819, in Greenfield, Massachu- 
setts, and is the son of the late Rev. Dr. Sylvester 
.and Elizabeth (Brewster) Woodbridge. His father had 
been at one period pastor of the orthodox Congregational 
Church of South Hampton, Massachusetts, whence he re- 
moved to New Orleans, where he became pastor of the 
Second Presbyterian Church for some years previous to his 
death, which occurred in the autumn of 1862. His mother 
was a native of Sharon, Connecticut. He received his pre- 
limin.ary education in an academy in his native town, which lie 
attended for five years, and thence proceeded to the city of 
New York, where he became a pupil in the select academy 
of William Sherwood. In 1834 he matriculated at llie 
New York University, from which institution he graduated 
in 183S. He next entered the Theological Seminary of the 
Reformed Dutch Church, at New Brunswick, for the study 
of divinity, and received his diploma on the completion of 
the course in 1841. Shortly after leaving this institution he 
received a call to become the pastor of the South Reformed 



r.IOGRAr;iICAL enxvcloimcdia. 



S3 






Dutch Church of Brooklyn, which he accepted, and labored 
tliere for the period of nine years. Having, at the end of 
lliis time, received a call to the pulpit of the Second Re- 
formed Dutch Church of CoxsacUie, New York, he removed 
to that place and became its pastor for two years, 1850 to 
1S52. In the latter year he assumed charge of the Second 
Reformed Dutch Church of New Brunswick, where he re- 
mained until his appointment, in 1856, as Professor of 
Mental Philosophy in Rutgers College in that city. He 
filled this chair with acceptability for the period of three 
years, when he was chosen as Professor of Ecclesiastical 
History and Government in the Theological Seminary of the 
Reformed Dutch Church, New Brunswick, which position 
he still retains. He was married, February, 1845, 'o Caro- 
line Bergen, of Brooklyn, New York, who died in 1S60. 
After a widowerhood of seven years, he was united in mar- 
riage to Anna W., daughter of Charles P. D.iyton, for many 
vears an extensive dry -goods merchant of New Brunswick. 



AGE, RICHARD H., M. D., Physician, of Colum- 
bus, Burlington county, was born near Medford, 
in the same county of New Jersey, September 22d, 
1S28. He is a memlier of the medical profession 
' by inheritance, as it were, his father, Thomas 
Page, having been a well-known practitioner in 
and around Tuckerton, in the same county, while his grand- 
father, William Page, was also a physician. On the mater- 
nal side, also, his descent is from a New Jersey family, his 
mother being Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Butcher, of 
Burlington county. He obtained his early education in the 
public and select schools of Tuckerton, and from 1843 '° 
1846 he was a pupil in the Pennington Academy. The study 
of medicine he began with Dr. Budd, of Mount Holly, 
and continued under the direction of that gentleman during 
the summer months. In the winters he attended the regular 
course of lectures at the University of Pennsylvania, and 
pursued his readings under the care of Dr. S. G. Morton, of 
Phil.adelphia, who w.as then President of the Academy of 
Natural Sciences. After a full course at the University of 
Pennsylvania, he was graduated from that institution with 
the degree of M. D. in March, 1850. In July of the same 
year he located in Columbus and began the practice of his 
profession. From that time he has been actively engaged 
in the same sphere of usefulness, his practice expanding 
year by ye.ir, and assuming always a more influential and 
lucrative character. He occupies a high position in the re- 
spect and regard of his professional brethren. In the 
county medical society he has held the offices of .Secretaiy 
and President, has frequently been a delegate therefrom to 
the St.ate Medical Society, and w.as a Delegate to the Con- 
vention of the North American Medical Association held in 
Philadelphia. A public-spirited citizen, he takes an earnest 
interest in all movements calculated to advance the welfare 



of the community in \\hich he resides. He lout his ener- 
gies to the promotion of the Columbus, Kincora & Spring- 
field Railroad, and has been its Treasurer since the organiz- 
ation of the company. In politics, however, he takes no 
active part, desiring no other distinction than accrues in ihc 
strict line of his profession. He was married in 1856 to 
Elizabeth F. Wills, daughter of Judge Moses Wills, of 
Columbus. 



HOMPSOX, HON. JOSHUA S., A. M., Lawyer, 
of Swetleshoro', was hoin in Somerset counly, 
Maine, October nth, 1S15. His parents, James 
and Susan (P.atterson) Thompson, were both na- 
tives of that State, where his father followed agri- 
cultural pursuits, but his grandfather, John Thomp- 
son, belonged to Londonderry, New Hampshire, coming 
from a long line of ancestors in thai section. After a thor- 
ough preparatory course in the public schools and academies 
in his native State, the subject of this sketch entered Water- 
ville College, in the town of Waterville, Maine, an institu- 
tion of high standing in New England, now known as 
Colby University. From this college he w-as graduated in 
1839, after a four years' course zealously pursued, with the 
degree of A. B. In 1844 he received the degree of A. M., 
in regular course. Electing to join the legal profession, he 
began the study of law in the oflice of Hon. Wyman B. S. 
Moore, at Waterville. Here he enjoyed exceptional ad- 
vantages in legal training, his preceptor being among the 
eminent lawyers of the State. Subsequently Mr. Moore be- 
came, in 1848, Attorney-General of the State, and, later on, 
was appointed by the Governor to fill a vacancy in the 
United States Senate, caused by the death of Hon. John 
Fail-field. Some years afterwards he was nominated and 
confirmed as United States Consul-General for the British 
North American Provinces. Under the guidance of this 
distinguished lawyer Mr. Thoinpson completed his legal 
studies, and was admitted to the bar in his native counly, 
in the State of Maine, in June, 1S41. Thereupon he entered 
into a law partnership with Stephen Stark, Esq., a promi- 
nent lawyer of Waterville. This connection lasted, how- 
ever, for about a year only, the delicate condition of his 
health, caused by excessive mental labor, constant sedentary 
h.abits and the great severity of the winters in that latitude, 
compelling him to seek a more genial climate for a resi- 
dence. After due consideration he concluded to settle in 
Swedesboro', Gloucester county. New Jersey, whither he 
removed in August, 1842. He could not, however, at once 
resume the practice of his profession, the rules of the Su- 
preme Court of New Jersey requiring a longer course of 
study and residence in the State as a condition precedent to 
admission to its bar. In the meantime, therefore, having 
had the advantages of a thorough classical education, and 
appreciating the dignity and value of an educator, he, at the 
earnest solicitation of the le.Kling men of the town, engaged 



54 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENXVCLOP.^DIA. 



in teaching in the academy at that place, and continued so 
occupied for two years, or until his admission to the l)ar, in 
September, 1S44. This experience naturally aroused a 
lasting interest in educational matters in the community, 
and the manifestation of this interest has led to the reposing 
in him of various educational trusts by the coijimunity. 
Thus, about 1848 he was appointed by the Board of Chosen 
Freeholders of the county as Examiner of Public School 
Teachers, and this position, which he was so admirably 
fitted to fill, he occupied with great acceptability for about 
eight years. He was also for several years connected with 
the Board of Education of the county. He headed the fii-st 
teachers' institute ever held in the county of Gloucester, at 
the ancient town of Swedesboro'. During this period an 
agitation was commenced having for its object the passage 
by the Legislature of a new school law, and the movement 
was entirely successful. A board of commissioners was ap- 
pointed to report a new school law, wiih other revisions. 
Among other changes introduced by the new measure was 
the extension of the school-going age. Under the provisions 
of the old statute the Imiit was from five to sixteen years. 
Mr. Thompson entertained the opinion that instruction 
should be continued to children until they were eighteen 
years old, and that the school-going age should be extended 
to that time, believing that during the additional two years 
the scholars would be so much more alive to the advantages 
of education, and so much more capable of comprehending 
their studies, their minds being more expanded and matured, 
as to make far greater progress than during their earlier life. 
He would prefer and recommend, in the case of males es- 
pecially, an extension to the age of twenty-one, rather than 
to make eighteen the limit. He pressed his convictions on 
this subject so strongly upon the commissioners appointed 
by the Legislature to revise the school laws that his 
recommendation wa-s adopted and the limit extended to 
eighteen years. He was married, on December 24th, 1844, 
to Frances Stratton Garrison, daughter of Dr. Charles Gar- 
rison, late of Swedesboro'. They have five children. 
The eldest daughter, Hannah, was married, October 20th, 
iS6g, to George B. Boggs, civil engineer, ami Resident 
Superintendent of the Delaware & Bound Brook Railroad, 
and live, at Trenton. During this time he had been making 
an excellent position in his profession, which from the tlate 
of his admission, in 1S44, he had earnestly prosecuted. So 
high a rank had he secured by 1847, and so favorably was 
he regarded by the community generally, that his name was 
prominently mentioned by the press for a position on the 
Supreme bench of the .State; but, regarding himself as too 
young in the profession for so exalted a station, he declined 
judicial honors and refused to take any steps to accomplish 
the fulfilment of the wishes of his friends. In September, 
1 848, he was licensed as connsellor-at-law, and on February 
22d of the following year he was appointed Prosecutor of 
the Pleas for Gloucester County by Governor Daniel Haines. 
Five years later, on the expiration of his term, he was re- 



appointed by Governor R. M. Price; again, on March 1st, 
1864, by Governor Joel Parker; again, on March 1st, 1869, 
by Governor Randolph; acain, on March 2d, 1874, by 
Governor Joel Parker. Upon the expiration of his present 
term he will thus have filled this important position for 
twenty-five years, the service being continuous, save for one 
interval, occurring between 1S59 and 1864. This is in all 
probability the longest service ever rendered by any one in 
the State as Prosecutor of the Pleas, and that the office should 
have been so continuously held under successive adminis- 
trations is sufficient testimony to the zeal, ability and fidelity 
with which Mr. Thompson discharged his functions. The 
governor makes the nomination to the Senate, and they 
have the power to confirm or reject, as they may please. 
So popular and favorably known had he become that, at his 
last nomination, they confirmed by acclamation, without 
even referring his name to a committee, as was usual. On 
July 6lh, 1848, at the time of his admission as counsellor, 
he was made Master in Chancery, and on ^Iovember 17th, 
1874, he was appointed a Commissioner of the Supreme 
Court. He has ever identified himself with the interests 
of Swedesboro' and his adopted State, and in all move- 
ments tending to their advancement, material and moral, he 
has lakeii an active part — in many being the prime mover 
and leader. In 1854, at the instance of the agents of the 
Camden &Amboy Railroad Company, he drew up a charter 
for a railroad from Woodbury to Swedesboro', called the 
Woodbury & Swedesboro' Railroad Company, and pro- 
cured its passage through the Legislature, but the road 
under this charter was never constructed by them, its ne- 
cessity being removed. In 1 865 he succeeded in obtaining 
from the Legislature a charter for a railroad from Swedes- 
boro' to Woodbury, called the Swedesboro' Railroad, a 
distance of eleven miles, thus opening railroad communi- 
cation — the first-mentioned place previously being quite 
isolated from the rest of the world. This project had been 
broached by him several years previously, as appears above; 
but this time he was bound to succeed. He encountered 
not only opposition and discouragement from all quarters, 
but in some cases ridicule from those who would neither 
help build it, nor let others do it. He, however, was well 
satisfied of its necessity, and of the great advantage to the 
country through which it would run, and undauntedly 
pushed the matter step by step, and year by year, until 
complete success in its accomplishment crowned his public- 
spirited efforts. Upon the organization of the commission- 
ers and of the Board of Directoi-s he was very fittingly 
chosen President of both, and has filled that position ever 
since. The road was opened for travel in September, 1869. 
The friends of Mr. Thompson, and those who recognize the 
benefits conferred by the railroad on the country through 
which it runs, cheerfully acknowledge that, owing its ex- 
istence to his untiring efforts and unbounded energy, it 
constitutes the c/ief (i'a:in:re of his life. At the opening of 
the great Centennial fair in Philadelphia he was solicited 



BIOGRAnilCAL EN'CVCLOr.EDIA. 



55 



by the school aiithorilies of New Jei-scy to write a sketch 
of the history of the oUl academy in Svvedesboro', which 
was established in I "7 1, one of the oldest educational insti- 
tutions in this part of the Slate. It was a work that required 
extensive research ; and portions of it, together with other 
school histories of the Slate, are at this writing (October, 
1876) shown in the Main Building of that extraordinary 
national exhibition. He is engaged in preparing a " His- 
tory of the Swedes in New Jersey," and of the church es- 
tablished by them in 1703, and of " Swedesboro' : its 
Churches and its Schools." The old Swedes' Church has 
been changed to an Episcopal Church, and is called Trinity 
Church. Mr. Thon)|)son has been successively elected a 
vestryman in the same for some thirty years past, having 
held that position for a longer period than any member of 
the Board. To the rising generation especially his life and 
character present a notable example of energy of purpose 
and perseverance in doing good to his fellow-man, against 
any and all obstacles. 



JOFF, CAPTAIN JOSEPH D., Master Mariner, 
of Kcyport, was born near that place, in Middle- 
town township, Monmouth county. New Jersey. 
His father, William Hoff, a farmer by occupation, 
belonged to one of the oldest families in the 
county. His mother, Martha Dye, was born in 
New Jersey, but came of Danish descent. Captain Hoff, 
when a boy, attended the common schools of his native 
township, and acquired the elements of a sound practical 
education. Upon leaving school he was apprenticed to 
learn the trade of a carpenter, having developed a taste in 
that ilirection. After following this occupation for a period 
of alinut five years he became interested in ship-building in 
the town of Keyport, in association with a Mr. Rosevelt, 
the firm being styled Rosevell & Hoff. From 1835 to 183S 
he was engaged in mercantile pursuits at the same place. 
In 1839 he received an appointment as an Associate Judge 
of Common Pleas for Monmouth county, and sat upon the 
bench in that capacity for a term of five years, discharging 
his functions with ability, fidelity and general acceptability. 
During the same period he served as Justice of the Peace. 
With a great desire to see distant countries, in 1853 he built 
a large schooner, the " T. A. Ward," and after coasting for 
two years, to North Carolina, Charleston and the West 
Indies, he went to Cadiz, Lisbon, Rio de Janeiro, New 
Orleans, and home. He then commenced the Mediter- 
ranean tr.ade, and continued in it for nearly six years, 
making eleven voyages, or twenty-two passages, without 
ever an insurance job; visiting Gibraltar, Malaga, Aden, 
Denia, and Barcelona, in Spain; Marseilles, in France; 
Naples, in Italy; Palermo and Messina, in Sicily; Venice, 
Trieste and Pola, in Austria. At Pola he saw and con- 
versed with Maximilian, who then wal Admiral of the 



Austrian fleet ; he was a nobleman by nature as well as 
liirlh. At the commencement of the war he sold the 
schooner to the United States government, and then built a 
barque in connection with the great firm of A. A. Low 
Brothers, in 1S62, and sailed to China; he visited the ports 
of Shanghai, Hong Kong, Ningpo, Chefoo, Tientsin, Can- 
ton and Whampoa, in China; also Hakodadi, in Japan. In 
October, 1S64, he sold his barque, and in November started 
for home by the overland route, and touched at Singapore, 
Penang, Point de Galle, in Ceylon, at Aden, Suez, Cairo 
and Alexandria, in Africa, and at Malta and Marseilles, 
where he left the steamer, December 23d, 1S64. He then 
went to Paris, London and Liverpool, and embarked for 
home in the " City of Baltimore," and arrived, January 23d, 
1865, in New York. In 1S66 he started on a mining ex- 
pedition to Colorado, and visited all the principal mines 
from Cheyenne to Trinidad, and all about the range of the 
Rocky mountains, but made his home most of the time at 
Black Hawk and Central City, although he was a great 
deal at Georgetown, James Creek, Boulder Cily and Left 
Hand. He crossed the plains some eight times, four of the 
journeys being performed in stages. Since then he has 
made voyages to Venice, Trieste, Bordeaux, New Orleans, 
Rio and Santos. But after all his travels he says there 
is no place equal to Monmouth county. New Jersey. He 
has always been favored by fortune. In all his experience 
as a sea captain he has never suffered the perils of ship- 
wreck, nor has he ever lost a man from any of his ships. 
He was married, .September 20th, 1837, to Maria Acker- 
son, a native of New Jersey. A man of very estimable 
character, he is highly respected and esteemed in a wide 
circle. 



OBBINS, Iinx. CHILIOX, Lawyer and ex-Jurist, 
w.as born, December 31st, 1S42, in Allentown, 
Monmouth county. New Jersey, and is a son of 
Augustus and Lucy (Savidge) Robbins, both of 
whom are natives of New Jersey. His Trther 
was a mason by trade, and the family has fur 
many years been identified with Monmouth county ; while 
his mother is of English lineage, being a descemlant of the 
Leigh family of Great Britain. Chilion was educated in 
the public schools of his district, and subsequently learned 
the trade of a mason, which he followed until he was 
twenty-two years of age. Having determined to follow a 
professional life, he entered the law office of Judge E. \\'. 
Scudder, of Trenton, under whose preceptorship he pur- 
sued his studies, and was licensed an attorney in 1S66, and 
a counsellor-rt-law in lS6g. At first he located in Alleij; 
town, where he opened an office and practised his profes- 
sion with good success until 1872, when he was appointed 
Presiding Judge of the Court of Common Pleas of Mon- 
mouth County, to fill the imexj^ired term of Judge George 



<^& 



S6 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP/EDIA. 



C. Eeeknian, who had resigned that office. He took his 
seat upon the bench, March 14th, 1872, and occupied that 
position until April 1st, 1874. Upon retiring from office he 
settled in Freehold and resumed his professional duties at 
the bar, acquiring a large and lucrative ijractice. He has 
had charge of several important cases, among which may 
be mentioned the Ganby murder case, which attracted 
great attention in that section of the Slate, and in which 
he was associate counsel for the prosecution. At present 
(1876) he is the legal adviser of the "Oyster kings," who 
are one of the parties concerned in what is known as the 
" Keyport oyster case." 



'AMTBELL, HON. CHARLES A., Merchant, of 
Woodbridge, was born, June 2d, 1836, in Wood- 
bridge township, Middlesex county, New Jersey. 
He is the son of John II. Campbell, who was 
himself a native of Woodbridge l,pwnship, and 
who was a thrifty and successful farmer in that 
place. Charles A. Campbell received his education, so far 
as attendance at school was concerned, in the^chools near- 
his home. His studying, like evei7thing else he under- 
took, was done with energy and with the success that 
energy brings, so that his limited time and -opportunities 
were made productive of more than usually good results. 
When he had reached the age of fourteen years he left 
school and commenced the serious work of life. He went 
to work on his father's farm, and for several years was 
engaged in agricultural pursuits. At length he engaged in 
business in Metuchen, and remained there so occupied for 
a period of ten years. In the year 1S64 he became, inter- 
ested in the clay business at Woodbridge, but in 1S65 he 
sold out his interest in that business and devoted his time 
and energies to other business pursuits. In the year 1867, 
however, he again purchased clay banks in the vicinity 
of Woodbridge, and ever since that time he, in connection 
with others, has been largely interested as a clay merchant, 
the style of the firm being C. A. Campbell & Co. The 
same firm, under the name of the Staten Island Kaolin 
Company, have large kaolin interests in Staten Island. 
They have there half a mile of private railroad track for 
transporting the kaoHn from their extensive banks to the 
river for transportation; and at Woodbridge they built, in 
186S, a private railroad track a mile and a half in length, 
over wliich to transport their clay from the banks to the 
Rnrilan river. Their woiks are extensive, and up to the 
end of the year 1873 there were employed at their works 
about ninety-five men, and the products of their banks are 
shipped to various points in the Union, North, South, East 
and West, as well as to numerous places in the Canadas. 
Notwithstanding the ceaseless activity and great energy 
which have made him so successful in the prosecution of 
his private business, Charles A. Carnpl-iell has found, and 
still finds, time and strength to act in promotion of various 



enterprises, public and coqiorate. He is a director of the 
Middlesex County Bank, at Perth Amboy, and has filled 
that position since the organization of the bank, in 1873. 
He has held various positions in township and county 
affairs, such as Commissioner of Appeals, Judge of Election, 
Town Committee and Freeholder. He is one of the 
Trustees of the public school now being erected at Wood- 
bridge, a fine graded school, the building for which will 
cost $25,000; also a director of the Amboy Savings Institu- 
tion, and is President and one of the largest stockholders 
of the Masonic Hall Association, of Woodbridge, the build- 
ing of which was erected in 1873, at a cost of |20,ooo, and 
contains a handsome opera house, stores, etc. Moreover, 
he is the President of the Board of Trustees of a new Con- 
gregational Church, whose church structure has recently 
been completed at Woodbridge. This church is an off- 
spring from the old Presbyterian Church of that place, and 
he has been a prime mover in its organization, aiding it 
with both money and influence. Politically he is a Demo- 
crat,-and in 1875 was chosen by that party in his district to 
represent them in the Legislature of the Stale. During his 
session there he served as a member of the committee to 
investigate the fees and salaries of all Stale officers ap- 
pointed " by the Legislature. Woodbridge knows and 
recognizes him as one of her most enterprising and public- 
spirited citizens, and among other beneficial acts of his has 
been the erection of many fine buildings, which add very 
much to the beauty of the town. He was married in the 
year 1855 to Susan L. Clarkson, daughter of the late Noe 
Clarkson, himself an influential and greatly respected citi- 
zen of Woodbridge township. 



GDEN, HON. ELIAS BOUDINOT D., Lawyer 
and Jurist, was born, 1800, at Elizabelhtown, 
New Jersey, and was the son of Aaron and Eliza- 
beth (Chetwood) Ogden. His father was Gov- 
ernor of the State, and his biographical sketch 
will be found elsewhere in this volume. At the 
age of nineteen Judge Ogden graduated from Nassau Hall, 
and at once entered upon the study of the law. He was 
licensed as an. attorney in 1 824; was admitted a counsellor 
In 1829, and-made a serjeant-at-law in 1837, being the last 
lawyer raised to that dignity in the Slate. Immediately 
afler his admission to the bar he opened an office in Pater- 
son for the practice of his profession, and at once took a 
leading rank among his brother advocates, and was made 
Prosecutor of the Pleas, which position he held for two 
terms. He was also elected a member of the Legislature, 
and again re-elected. He was chosen, in 1844, a member, 
from Passaic county, in the convention called for the pur- 
pose of remodelling the Constitution of the State, and took 
a leading and active part during its sessions. He was ap- 
pointed by Goveinbr Haines, in 1848, as one of the Justices 




Oalaj^j^^ iii. J-ftiW^ 



/f^/^ ^^^^^/0->3^#^e^ 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCI.or.ICniA. 



57 



of the Supreme Court, and upon the expiration of his term 
in 1855 was reappointed by Governor Price; and a tiiird 
time, in 1862, liy Governor Olden. He resided in Pater- 
son until 1S58, when he removed to Elizabeth and reoccu- 
pied the old homestead of his father. His political faith 
was that of the Democratic party as taught by Jackson, 
having originally been indoctrinated in the views of the 
Federalists, and as a Jackson Democrat he deemed it his 
duty to adhere to the cause of the Union during the period 
of the gi-eat rebellion. One of the decisions of the court, 
pronounced by him, was to the effect that, as a judge of the 
State court, he had no authority to interfere for the release 
of a person charged with an offence against the laws of the 
United States. His religious faith was that maintained 
by the Protestant Episcopal Church, of which he was an 
active and zealous member. He was one of the Trustees of 
Burlington College. He died in 1S65. 



URTS, HON. ALEXANDER, Lawyer, was born, 
1799. in the village of Flanders, Morris county. 
New Jersey, and is the youngest of a family of 
eight sons, whose father was John Wurts, an ex- 
tensive iron manufacturer of that county. He 
died when Alexander was quite young, and the 
latter then went to Philadelphia, where he resided with his 
older brothers, and where he prepared for college. He en- 
tered Princeton College in 1812 and finished his senior year 
in 1815, in the seventeenth year of his age. He then re- 
turned to Philadelphia and began the study of the law ; and 
likewise devoted some time to travelling. In the.winter of 
1S19-20 he remove! to Flemington, New Jersey, where he 
completed his legal studies and was licensed as an attorney 
in 1820. He immediately commenced the practice of law 
in the village of Flemington. In 1824 he was elected a 
member of the Assembly, in which body he served one year. 
After three years he again became a candidate, and was 
elected successively in 1828-29-30 and '31 to the same 
body, and during the three last years was Speaker of the 
House. In 1833 he was nominated and elected a member 
of the Legislative Council, in which he served one year. In 
183S he was the candidate of the Democratic party for Con- 
gress on the gencial ticket, but was defeated, as was the 
entire ticket. In 1844 the Legislature of New Jersey called 
a convention to revise the State Constitution. To this con- 
vention he was elected from Hunterdon county. When the 
body assembled he was chosen vice-president, Isaac H. 
Williamson being elected president ; but as the latter was in 
exceedingly impaired health, the principal burden of the 
duties of a presiding officer devolved upon the vice-presi- 
dent. And upon the resignatiim of Mr. Williamson, before 
the convention adjourned, Mr. Wurts was elected president. 
The convention framed the present State Constitution, abol- 
ished the Legislative Council, and adopted, in its stead, the 



State Senate. Their proceedings were ratified by a large 
majority of the popular vote when submitted to the people. 
In the autumn of 1844 he was elected the first .State Senator 
from Hunterdon county, and served in that body for a two 
years' term. In 1848 charges of serious import were pre 
ferred against the Camden & Amboy Railroad and the 
Delaware & Raritan Canal Companies, and the Legislature 
appointed three commissibners to thoroughly investigate 
these matters. This commission consisted of Alexander 
Wurts, of Hunterdon, Aaron Robertson, of Morris, and 
James S. Hulme, of Burlington counties. The duty was a 
laborious one, occupying nearly a year in going over the en- 
tire work, which consisted of a minute investigation of the 
books and papers of these companies, covering all their 
transactions with the Slate and wiih the peo|>le; and the 
result was, that the commission, i>y an eiahurale and ex- 
tended report, fully exonerated the companies from all the 
charges brought against them, thus entirely allaying all 
public excitement on these subjects. In 1853 Governor 
Fort nomin.ated Alexander Wurts as Chief-Justice of the 
.Supreme Court of the .State, and his nomination was at once 
confirmed by the State .Senate; but he respectfully declined 
the appointment. In 1865 his friends again iiuluced him 
to become the candidate of the Democratic jiarty, to which 
he was attached, for the State Senate, which he accepted on 
the assurance that the party could thereby be harmonized. 
He was accordingly elected and served the usual term of 
three years. He has been for over twenty years one of the 
Managers of the Stale Lunatic Asylum, and President of the 
Board since 1859. Although he has now, in a great meas- 
ure, retired from public and professional life, he is often 
consulted on important legal questions. His unflinching 
integrity, thorough legal acquirements, and undoubted 
honesty, give weight to his opinions. There is not proba- 
bly another man in the State who has been in public life so 
long as he; and he yet retains the confidence of all parties 
in a great degree. He was urged, on two or three occa- 
sions, by his many Democratic friends to become a candidate 
for Governor; and perhaps, if he had made the usual efforts 
put forth by many aspirants for office, would have secured 
the nomination. But he refused lo embark in the canvass. 



f'AYTON, ALFRED B., M. D., late of Matawan, 
was born at Basking Ridge, Somerset county. 
New Jersey, December 25th, 1812. He came of 
the family so distinguished in the hisiory of the 
.State, which gave to its service and that of the 
nation the late Hon. William L. Dayton, his 
brother. Another brother is James B. Dayton, of Camden. 
He enjoyed educational advantages of a superior character, 
completing his preparatory training at Princeton College. 
Ilavino- chosen the medical profession, he was accorded the 
most esteemed aids in his study, and eventually graduated 



LIOGRAPIIICAI. ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 



from the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, in ' Tins connection was maintained until 1S71, when he com- 
ihe sprin-r of 1835. He first settled for practice at Chester, ! menced by himself, and so practised untd December, 1S74, 
Morris county, New Jersey, but after a few months removed I when he took into partnei-ship Marcus B. Taylor. The 
to Matawan then " Middletown Point," opening his office j firm is known as Uayton & Taylor, and it enjoys a consider- 
there in July, 1835. In this location he continaed in active able practice in the counties of Monmouth and Middlesex. 



practice for thirty-five yeans, achieving large success and en 
joying the high esteem of a very wide circle of patients and 
friends. He became a member of the District Medical So- 
ciety in April, 1841, ai)d an idea is afforded of the position 
he had even then attained in the fact that on admission his 
examination was waived by a unanimous vote. In the same 
year he was elected Vice-President of the society, and in the 
foUowingyear its President. A member of the St.ate Medical 
Society from an early day in his professional career, he was, 
in 1854, elected to the position of Pre.,ident. In this body, 
a short whde before his death, he appeared as delegate from 
the district society. Upon the roll of the National Medical 
Association his name was registered as a permanent mem- 
ber. He possessed oratorical and rhetorical powers of a 
high order, being a graceful speaker and polished writer. 
To the medical press he contributed many papers, all of 
which commanded the respectful attention of the profession. 
Among them may be specially mentioned the following : 
" Review of the Principles and Practice of Thompso- 
nianism ; " " Mollities Ossium ; " " Inversion of the Uterus, 
with Method of Reduction, and Case Illustrated; " " Cere- 
bro Spinal Meningitis; " and " Dry Gangrene." A refined 
and cultivated gentleman, his deportment in all the relations 
of life was dignified and pleasing. To his medical brethren 
he was kind, courteous, and honorable, observing the ethical 
rules regulating professional intercourse with scrupulous 
care. When, therefore, his death occurred, on July 19th, 
1S70, from cholera morbus, he was deeply regretted by the 
profession and sincerely mourned by the community at large, 
the poor, at whose service he had ever been, especially de- 
ploring the loss of an accomplished physician and kind 
friend. 



JAYTON, RENSSELAER W., A. M., Lawyer, of 
Matawan, was Ixirn at that place, then known as 
Middletown Point, January 9th, 1843. His fa- 
ther. Dr. Alfred B. Dayton, of wh m a biograph- 
ical sketch appears elsewhere in this volume, w.as 
an eminent physician, whose long and useful ca- 
reer was closed by death in 1S70. His mother, Elizabeth 
R. Vanderveer, was a native of Sbmerville, New Jersey. 
After a thorough preliminaiy training, the subject of this 
sketch entered Princeton College in i860, whence he grad- 
uated in 1863. Drawn towards the legal profession, he 
began reading with Hon. Henry S. Little, of Matawan, 
who at the present time is Clerk of the Court of Chancery 
of New Jersey. After fulfilling the prescribed conditions he 
was admitted to the bar as an attorney on November 8th, 
1866, and began practice in association with his preceptor. 



He is thoroughly in love with his profession, to which he 
devotes all his time and powei-s. 



RROWSMITH, JOSEPH E., M. D., of Keyport, 
was born in Middletown, Monmouth county. New 
Jersey, January 23d, 1823. He is descended 
from a family that has distinguished itself in the 
service of the State. His father, Hon. Thomas 
Arrowsmith, was for many years one of the judges 
of the Court of Errors, and at an earlier period worthily 
held the office of Slate Treasurer. His mother, Emma 
Van Brakle, a native of New Jersey, was the daughter of 
Matthias Van Brakle, a substantial and muth-iespected 
farmer, who was sent by his neighbors to represent them in 
the Legislature, where he displayed sterling qualities and 
won the gratitude of his constituents. The subject of this 
sketch obtained his literary education in the academy at 
Flatbush, Long Island, then presided over by Professor 
Campbell, the accomplished scholar and eminent teacher 
who now serves as president of Rutgers College, New 
Brunswick. Evincing a taste for medicine, he began his 
studies for that profession in the fall of 1838 with Dr. Ed- 
ward Taylor, an old and successful practitioner in his native 
town. Subsequently he became a student of Dr. Valentine 
Mott, of New York, at the same lime attending lectures at 
the university of that ci_ty, from which he graduated with 
honor in 1842. After serving for a few monlhs on the staff 
of Bellevue Hospital, in New York, he, in 1843, located at 
Keyport, where he has since continued to practise, and has 
won a foremost position among his professional brethren to- 
gether with the substantial rewards that attend able and 
f.iithful labors. He is an old member of the counly medi- 
cal society, and was at one time its president. In 1S64 he 
was chosen to represent his section in the convention of the 
American Medical Association. 



<p'^. 



ORNISH, JOSEPH B., Merchant and ex-Senator, 
of Washington, was born, April 3d, 1836, in 
Bethlehem, Hunterdon county. New Jersey, his 
father, Joseph Cornish, Sr., being a merchant and 
a highly esteemed citizen of Hunterdon. In his 
boyhood he received such education as could lie 
obtained at the common schools of the neighborhood in 
which he lived. He studied hard, and at sixteen years of 
age had obtained a good English education. When he had 
reached that age he entered his father's store and devoted 



'^ 




'^'•^liAS.llii.fliS^^' 



cuyyifj^^n^ (~^ 'i.-c^Ze/t^ 



CIOGRArillCAL ENXYCLOIVEDIA. 



59 



himself thenceforward to mercantile pursuits. His great 
natural aptitude for commercial busiueas and his ardent ap- 
plication to his duties developed him rapidly into athorough 
business man, and on the attainment of his majority he be- 
came associated with his father as partner in llie general 
country trade. In the years 1863 and 1S64 he left mercan- 
tile life temporarily to serve as Engrossing Clerk of the New 
jersey Assembly, having been elected to that office when in 
his twenty-seventh year. In the year 1S65 he removed to 
Washington, New Jersey, where he associated iiiniself as 
partner with his two brothers-in-law, Henry W. and Joseph 
Johnston, in the dry-goods, grocery, clothing and general 
country trade, under the firm-name of Johnston, Cornish & 
Co. They were eminently successful, but in 1869 his part- 
ners withdrew to organize an extensive hardware business, 
a)ul he assumed the entire interest of the old establishment. 
He still continues the business, which has attained large 
proportions, and is eminently flourishing. He has always 
taken a lively and practical interest in political affairs, and 
is identified with the Democratic party. In the year 1870 
he received the Democratic nomination for State Senator, 
but owing to party dissensions he was not elected. In 1873 
he was again nominated for that position by the Democracy, 
and was elected Senator by the largest vote ever given to any 
candidate in Warren county. During his three years' term 
of office he served with eminent satisfaction to his constitu- 
ents. It was during this term that the great battle over the 
general railroad law of the State was brought to a conclu- 
sion by the pass.nge of the law, and the people of the Stale 
are largely indebted to the exertions of Senator Cornish in 
bringing about the adoption of the measure which practi- 
cally puts an end to the system of corruption and jobbery 
formerly so great a source of public danger. He is a shrewd 
political manager, and at the same time maintains a spotless 
character, his integrity being without suspicion of taint, and 
he has never been even seemingly entangled in any disrepu- 
table political transactions. He is ambitious, able and 
honest, and the high esteem in which he is held by his 
fellow-citizens gives promise that he will in lime to come 
attain still higher political position than he has yet occupied. 
He was married a number of years ago, to a daughter of 
Philip Johnston, Esq., a prominent citizen of Warren county, 
New Jersey. 

I AN RENSSELAER, LEDYARD, M. D., of Bur- 
lington, was born in Burlington, New Jersey, No- 
vember 20th, 1843. Us comes of the well-known 
Van Rensselaer family of New York, which has 
for many generations furnished to New York city 
and State some of their brightest and most useful cit- 
izens. His father, Rev. C. Van Rensselaer, D.D., was the son 
of Stephen Van Rensselaer, a prominent resident of Albany, 
New York. His mother, Catharine Ledyard Cogswell, was 
the daughter of Mason F. Cogswell, M. D., of Hartford, 



Connecticut, a distinguished physician and surgeon of his 
time, and the first to perform the delicate and important 
operation of ligation of the primilivc carotid arteiy in the 
extirpation of a tumor. Ledyard Van Rensselaer received 
his classical education at the College of New Jersey, Prince- 
ton, from which he graduated in the class of 1S66. Making 
choice of the medical profession, he became a student in the 
medical department of the University of Pennsylvania, Phil- 
adelphia, and graduated in the class of 1S69. After taking 
his degree he went abroad for the purpose of availing him- 
self of the opportunities afforded by the medical institutions 
of the old world, and spent twelve months wilh great profit 
in the hospitals in Vienna and Berlin. Thus piepared for 
successful prosecution of his profession, he returned to his 
native city and commenced practice there in 1S71. His ca- 
reer has been speedily progressive, and he now enjoys a large 
and valuable practice. The estimation in which he is held 
by his fellow-citizens is indicated by the fact that he was 
chosen Health Oflicer of the city iluring the years 1872 and 
1873, while his position in the profession is attested by his 
election to the office of President of the Burlington County 
Medical Society, which he held from January 1st, 1875, to 
January 1st, 1876. He is Examining Physician for the 
Guardian Mutual Life Insurance Company, in Burlington. 



UTTER, HAMPTON, Farmer and Clay Merchant, 
was born, December 25lh, 181 1, in Woodbridge 
township, Middlesex county. New Jersey, and is 
Y<^, the fifth child of the late William C. and Sarah 
^\| (Harriott) Cutter, of that section. The Cutter 
family are of Scotch and English extraction ; one, 
Richard Cutter, with his mother, brother and sisters, ar- 
riving in Massachusetts about 1640, and settled in and 
about Cambridge. A grandson of Richard Cutter, himself 
bearing the same name, and known as Major Richard 
Cutter, was the first of the name to leave New England 
and settle in a distant locality. He married Mary, daughter 
of John Pike, August 20th, 1706. This John Pike was one 
of the first and most active settlers of Woodbridge. Major 
Cutter died in 1756, leaving a numerous progeny, and from 
his fourth child and eldest son. Deacon William Culler, 
who died in 17S0, Hampton Cutter is the third in descent, 
being his great-grandson. He received his education in the 
schools of his n.ative district, and assisted his father in his 
farming operations until 1836, when he married, and then 
continued in agricultural pursuits on his own account. In 
1845 he commenced to dig kaolin, having discovered a 
large deposit of this valuable material on his farm. It is 
used with clay in the manufacture of fire-brick. Several 
years afterwards he reached a .strata of fine blue clay, which 
also largely enters into the composition of fire-brick ; and 
for many years pa.st he has been engaged very extensively 
in supplying this valuable article to manufacturers not only 



EIOGRArniCAL ENXVCLOP.EDIA. 



of his immediate neighborhood, but also shipping the same 
to more distant points, large am.iunts finding their way to 
Portland, Boston, Albany, Cleveland, etc. Of late years 
he has associated his sons, Josiah C. and William Henry, 
with him, under the firm-name of Hampton Cutler & Sons. 
Aside from his business Hampton Cutter has been for many 
years called upon to serve the public in various local offices. 
For the past fifteen years he has been Justice of the Peace, 
and very recently has refused another term of the said 
office. Since 1868 he has been a director in the National 
Bank of Rahway. In religious faith he is a Presbyterian, 
and has been for twenty-two years one of the Trustees of 
the old Presbyterian Church of Woodbridge ; and in poli- 
tics he affiliates with the Democratic party. He was mar- 
ried, January 26th, 1836, to Maiy R., daughter of Josiah 
Crane, of Crawford, New Jei-sey, and has a family of four 
children, two sons and two daughters. 



'ONEYM.\N, TOHX, M. D., late of New German- 
town, Hunterdon county, New Jersey, was born, 
February 22d, 1798, a few miles from that vil- 
y^§ lage. He was a son of James Honeyman, well 
e) •>^'=' known as a popular landlord and singing-master 
fifty years ago, and grandson of John Honeyman, 
whose exploits in the French and Indian war, under Gen- 
eral Wolfe, and during the Revolution, as " the Spy of 
Washington," are detailed with great interest by Hon. 
John Van Dyke in the local magazine. Our Home, for 
October, 1S73. The subject of this sketch taught the 
academy in New Germantown when only eighteen years 
of age, and afterward entered the sophomore class. Middle- 
bury College, Vermont, in 1817. He studied medicine 
with Dr. William Johnson, of White House, attended lee 
tures at the University of Pennsylvania, and commenced 
practice in his native village in 1824, fifty years before his 
death, which occurred January 2d, 1S74. He was esteemed 
far and wide, had a large practice, and by industry and 
economy accumulated a competence. His character was 
so extremely dignified and exemplary that it is said of him 
he never prevaricated, never told an untruth, never uttered 
a harsh word, never made an enemy. His death created a 
void in the medical profession which cannot soon be filled. 



|>ONEYMAN, A. VAN DOREN, Lawyer, Littera- 
teur and Journalist, of Somerville, was bom in 
New Germantown, Hunterdon county, November 
I2th, 1849, and is consequently in his twenty- 
seventh year. His father. Dr. John Honeyman, 
mention of whom is made just above, was an 
esteemed physician of a half century's practice at New Ger- 
mantown. His great-grandfather, John Honeyman, emi- 



grated from Ireland, fought under General Wolfe, and was 
a chosen spy of General Washington in the Revolution. 
On his mother's side he is a descendant of the Van Doren 
stock, whose ancestry can be traced back in Holland to the 
fourteenth century. He received but a common school edu- 
cation, then studied law in the office of the late Hon. H. D. 
Maxwell, of Easton, his brother-in-law, and commenced its 
practice at Somerville, as a partner of A. A. Clark, Esq., in 
I. In 1873 he projected and carried through the year 
the publication Our Home, a magazine of much local merit, 
which, however, was not financially sustained by the public. 
Resuming the practice of the law he formed a partnership 
with Mr. H. B. Herr, which still exists. In 1S74, from 
hard work and exhaustion, he was obliged to leave busi- 
ness, and spent the summer in Europe, travelling in every 
country from Ireland to Italy. January 1st, 1876, he ])ur- 
chased the Somerset Gazelle, and at once enlarged and im- 
]iroved it, with a view to making it the leading literary and 
family journal in the county. He has written much for the 
press generally, including the New York Independent and 
Christian at IVork. He has also written and had printed 
a "Memorial" of his father's labors as a physician, and 
likewise a small book of poems. In the temperance cause 
he has been ever active, assailing the rumseller in the courts 
wherever practicable ; and he aided to found and has been 
thrice elected President of the Young Men's Christian 
-Association of Somerville. 



ENSON, DAVID, M. D., of Hoboken, was born 
in Englcwood, Bergen county. New Jersey, July 
igth, 1832. He is descended from families long 
resident in that locality and enjoying always the 
high regard of their neighbors, both his father 
and his mother, John J. and Hestsr (Banta) 
Benson, being natives of the same place. While he was 
yet very young his parents removed to Philadelphia, w-here 
his education was obtained. As a boy he attended a pri- 
vate collegiate school conducted by Dr. A. L. Kennedy, the 
present President of the Polytechnic Institute. Having de- 
termined to become a jihysician lie entered the medical 
department of the University of Pennsylvania, matriculating 
in 1849. Here he prosecuted his studies very assiduously 
and thoroughly, taking a four years' course, and graduating 
with distinction in the spring of 1853. After graduation he 
eng.iged in practice in New York city for a short time, rnd 
then passed several years in travel and observation. On 
turning his attention once more to his profession, in 1S61, 
he located in Hoboken, and began to earnestly prosecute 
his practice. Patients soon manifested their appreciation 
of his skill, care and sympathy, and their circle has widened 
and widened with every successive year. He is an elec- 
irici.tn in practice. In all matters relating to his profession 
he takes an active interest. He is a member of the District 



BIOGRArmCAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 



6i 



Medical Society of Hudson coimly, and was its President 
in 1S72. He also belongs to the Pathological Society of 
Jersey City and to the New Jersey Academy of Medicine. 
For years he has been the Attending Physician of St. Mary's 
Hospital, of Hoboken, which is the oldest hospital in the 
State, and is maintained under the auspices of the " Sisters 
of the Poor of St. Francis." During 1871 and part of 1872 
he was City Physician of Hoboken, and it was while he 
was incumbent of the office that the long-to-be-remenibered 
sniall-pox epidemic prevailed. Throughout the continu- 
ance of this dreadful scourge he was unceasing in his efforts 
to circumscribe its destructiveness, and his indefatigable 
labors, crowned as they were with a large measure of suc- 
cess, earned for him the gratitude of the whole community. 
He was married in 1854 to Mary Lyons, of Dublin. 



• EVINS, HON. JAMES S., Lawyer and Jurist, was 
born, 1786, in Somerset county, New Jersey. He 
received a fine classical education, and after 
passing through the curriculum .at Nassau Hall, 
Princeton, graduated therefrom in 1816. He at 
once commenced the study of the law iii the office 
of Frederick Frelinghuysen, and received his license as an 
attorney in 1819, becoming a counsellor in 1S23, and named 
serieant-at-law in 1837. After his admission to the bar he 
opened an office in New Brunswick, where he practised his 
profession and where he continued to reside until 1S52. 
He w£is elected in 1838, by the joint meeting of the Council 
and Assembly, a Jadge of the Supreme Court of New Jer- 
sey, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the death of Judge 
Ryerson ; and on the expiration of his term, in 1845, was 
reappointed by the Governor for another term of seven 
years, which expired in 1852. He then removed his resi- 
dence to Jersey City and resumed the practice of his pro- 
fession, but not to any appreciable extent. He was a man 
of generous impulses, of great conversational ability, inter- 
spersed with wit and humor; and he was the life of the 
social circle with whom his lot was cast. He had been 
trained by pious parents in the ev.ingelical faith, and was 
ever a believer in the doctrines which had been taught him. 
He possessed a warm friend in his legal preceptor, Fred- 
erick Frelinghuysen, and frequently visited him, and for a 
long period corresponded wiih him. Judge Nevins died in 
Jersey City, in 1S59. 



WING, HON. CHARLES, LL.D., Lawyer and 
Jurist, was born, 1780, in Bridgeton, Cnmberland 
county. New Jersey, and was the only son of 
James and Martha (Boyd) Ewing. He was of 
Scotch-Irish descent, and was the great-grandson 
of Finley Ewing, of Londonderry, Ireland, who 
fought at the battle of the Boyne, and for his gallantry was 
publicly complimented by King William III., who also 



presented him with a sword. One of his sons, Thomas 
Ewing, emigrated to .-\merica in 1718 and settled in Cum- 
berland county. New Jersey, where he died, leavin" a 
numerous progeny, some of whom have been greatly dis- 
tinguished ; among them may be named ihe l.iie Thomas 
Ewing, of Ohio, United States Senator, and at one time 
Secretary of the Treasury. Judge Ewing's maternal grand- 
father was from the ■ north ' of Irelantl, and emigrated 
about 1772 to New Jersey, settling in Bridgeton. After a 
short time he managed to establish himself in a good busi- 
ness, and sent- for his family. When these arrived, the 
following year, they found that he had died but a short 
time previous. The widow, however, took charge of her 
late husband's business, and employed as her clerk and 
assistant James Ewing, who subsequently married her eldest 
daughter, and the latter died soon after the birth of her son. 
Charles received a liberal education, and entered Princeton 
College, from which he graduated in 1798, taking the first 
honor. .He afterwards entered the office of Samuel Leake, 
with whom he studied law, and in due time received his 
licenses as an attorney and counsellor-atdaw. He was re- 
garded, as a most 'efficient and able advocate, and gained 
the control of a large and lucrative practice. In 1S24 he 
was elected by ihe two houses of the Legislature as Chief- 
Justice of tlie Supreme Court, to succeed Judge Kirkpatrick, 
whose.term at that time expired. He did not aspire to the 
position ; indeed, he was opposed to any change being 
made, as the selection of his predecessor had given general 
satisfaction to the profession, although some complained 
of his unwillingness to pay much attention to the statutes 
regulating the proceedings in justices' courts. The change, 
however, was regarded as an excellent one, as Judge Ewing 
was a most patient, painstaking and laborious judge, learned 
both in principles and cases, and prompt in their application. 
He always took upon himself all the responsibilities of the 
judge, and ever instructed the juiy in matters of law, and 
guided them, where it was allowable for him to do so, in 
their estimate of facts and evidence. At the expiration of 
his seven years' term, so satisfactory had been his course, 
that he was re-elected by a joint meeting of a Legislature 
opposed to him in politics; but he only lived a few months 
of the first year of his second term. In religious faith he 
was a Presbyterian and a zealous member of that church. 
When from any cause there was no one to preach, the wor- 
ship was carried on by the elders, and a sermon read. Ofi 
these occasions Judge Ewing was always selected as reader, 
and the discourse he chose was always one of Dr. Wither- 
spoon's. He was excellently well informed on the general 
literature of the d.iy; and possessed a fine miscellaneous 
library, in addition to the well-filled shelves of rare and 
valuable works of legal lore. He was a truly elegant gen- 
tleman of the old school ; an instructive and agreeable con- 
versationalist, and renowned for his hosiiitality. He died, 
August 5th, 1832, being one of the first victims of the Asiatic 
cholera in New Jersey. 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.-EDIA. 



'ILL, CHARLES S., Cashier of the National Bank 
of New Jersey and Clerk of Midtllesex county, 
was born, January 20th, 1S40, in the city of New 
Brunswick, and is the son of the late John B. and 
Henrietta V. (Chapman) Hill. His father was 
for many years a banker in New Brunswick; and 
his mother was the daughter of Thomas Chapman, proprie- 
tor and principal of the Hulmesburg Academy, near Phila- 
delphia, Pennsylvania. Charles was educated in the best 
schools of his native place, and when sixteen years old en- 
tered the employ of Rolfe & Metier, lumber merchants, of 
New Brunswick, and continued there some four years. He 
then removed to Brooklyn, New York, where he became 
salesman and bookkeeper for the New York Steam Saw- 
Mill Company, and after a short time effected an engage- 
ment with the Park Bank, in the city of New York, which 
terminated in 1S65. In the latter year he was called to 
New Brunswick and offered the position of Cashier of the 
N.ilional Bink of New Jersey, which he accepted and still 
retains. Since his return to his n.itive city he has served 
two years in the City Council as the representative from the 
Sixth \V.xril ; and in 1S72 was elected the County Clerk of 
Midil'.esix county for the term of five years. He is also 
Treasurer of the Union, Raritan, and Manufacturers' & Me- 
chanics' Loan Associations. He was married, October 19th, 
1S65, to Ellen C. Auten, of New Brunswick, New Jersey. 



JOTTS, HON. STACY GARDINER, Lawyer and 
Jurist, was born, November, 1799, in the city of 
Harri^burg, Pennsylvania, and was of English 
extraction. He was the great-great-grandson of 
Thomas Potts, a member of the Society of Friends, 
who, with his family and in company with Mahlon 
Stacy and his kindred, left England, 1678, in the ship 
" Shield," and landed at Burlington, being the first vessel 
of her class to sail so far up the Delaware. The two fami- 
lies of Stacy and Potts intermarried, and thus the names 
■were interchanged in both. Stacy Potts, the grandfather of 
Judge Potts, was a tanner by trade, and carried on that busi- 
ness in Trenton. His son removed to Harrisburg, and in 
1791 married a Miss Gardiner, a Presbyterian. Shortly 
after the birth of young Stacy, his father purchased a large 
tr.act of land in Northumberland county, Pennsylvania, on 
which he resided until 1808, when the father and son left 
for Trenton, pursuing the journey on foot, and consuming 
only four days in the trip, it being a distance of one hundred 
and twenty miles. Y'oung Stacy became an inmate of his 
grandfather's family, who was at that time the mayor of 
Trenton. He attended school at the Friends' Academy, 
where he remained four years. During this time he became 
so captivated with the opportunities of seeing books and 
papers in a printing office, that he was permitted to enter it 
as an apprentice. Having also access to a book store, and 



becoming a member of a debating club, he cultivated his 
taste for composition, and soon began to contribute both ar- 
ticles of poetry and prose to the newspapers of the town. 
He was employed in 1821, when he attained his majoriiy, 
as editor of a weekly paper, entitled the Emporium, and at 
the same time was a contributor to a Philadelphia monthly 
magazine, for which he wrote many articles. In 1823 he 
entered upon the study of the law with Counsellor Stockton, 
still continuing to devote all his time every day to his edi- 
torial duties, which obliged him to do the greater part of his 
study at night. After reading under his preceptor a short 
time, he left him to become one of the pupils of the late 
Garret D. Wall, with whom he remained until he was li- 
censed as an attorney in 1827; he became a counsellor in 
1S30. In 182S he was elected a member of Assembly on 
the Jackson Democratic ticket, and re-elected in 1829. In 
1 83 1 he was appointed by the joint meeting of Assembly 
and Council, Clerk of the Court of Chancery, and was re- 
elected by them at the expiration of his term in 1836, thus 
holding that office for ten years. During his incumbency 
he made the income of the office a very lucrative one ; and 
this was effected by his drafting the necessary decrees, pro- 
cesses, etc., for the solicitors, who gladly paid him their fees 
for the services so rendered. He was also chosen H 1834 
by the Legislature an Alderman, which gave him a seat as 
Justice of the Court of Quarter Sessions. At the close of 
his clerkship, his health requiring relaxation, he accom- 
panied his brother, the late Rev. William S. Potts, D. D., 
of St. Louis, on a visit to Europe. He examined, while in 
England, the practice in some of the principal courts, and 
was an interested observer of the legal proceedings of the 
same ; he also visited some of the most remarkable places in 
Great Britain and also upon the Continent. He returned to 
the United States in 1841, with his health completely recu- 
perated. In 1845 he was associated, by act of the Legisla- 
ture, with ex-Governor Vroom, Chancellor Green and Minis- 
ter Dayton, on a commission to revise the laws of New Jei-sey, 
and besides performing his share of the revision, it devolved 
on him to systematize and arrange the result for publication. 
Upon the inception of the State Lunatic Asylum, in 1847, 
he was placed on the first Board of Managers, and was ac- 
tively engaged in his duties until he was called to the bench. 
In 1852 he was nominated by Governor Fort and confirmed 
by the Senate, one of the Justices of the Supreme Court, 
and took for his circuit the counties of Camden, Gloucester, 
Ocean and Burlington, the court then consisting of five 
judges. He served throughout his entire term of seven 
years, and then retired to private life. He was accounted 
an excellent jurist, and was deservedly popular with the bar 
and the public. He was an active member of the Presby- 
terian Church, and was at different times connected with 
various boards and institutions of that denomination. While 
a member of the General Assembly, in 185 1, he was made 
chairman of a special committee to arrange the complicated 
finances of the church, and his report, published in full, 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCI.OP.KIJIA. 



63 



elicited great ailmiration for its skill and perfectness. He 
devoted some of his later years to the composition of a work 
entitled " The Christ of Revelation," designed to trace the 
scriptural doctrine of the Redeemer from the prophecies to 
• the life and teachings of the New Testament. He had 
filled the position of Sunday-school teacher and, for a time, 
Superintendent of the same, for a period of thirty-six years. 
He became a communicant memher of the church in 1822, 
and was ordained a Ruling Elder in 1836. He received, 
in 1S44, from the College of New Jersey, the honorary de- 
gree of Master of Arts. From 1859 his health began to de- 
cline gradually, which culminated in his death at Trenton, 
April gth, 1865. 



j YCKOFF, MARTIN, Lawyer and Soldier, of As- 
bury, Warren county, was born, October l8th, 
1834, near White House, New Jersey. The 
family is of Hollander lineage, and was among the 
earliest settlers of New Jersey ; while some of 
those living during the period of the American 
Revolution were engaged in the war for independence. 
Martin attended the public schools until 1850, when he en- 
tered the grammar-school connected with Rutgers College; 
and in 1852 entered the sophomore class of that college. 
In 1854 he was chosen one of the junior orators, and gr.id- 
uated with the class of 1855, t.-.Uing the second honor. 
Among his classmates were Hon. J. H. Stone, of Rahway, 
and Milton A. Fowler, now of the New York bar. After 
leaving college he went to the Southern States, and was 
engaged in teaching in Virginia between one and two years. 
In the spring of 1S57 he returned to New Jersey and com- 
menced the study of law with Hon. Alexander Wurts, at 
Flemington, where he remained until admitted to the bar, 
in i860. He immediately entered upon the practice of his 
profession, and had acquired a fair line of patron.ige when 
the war of the rebellion broke out. He at once relinquished 
his law business, and with Captains Bonnel and Allen pro- 
ceeded to raise a company of volunteers, in which he him- 
self enlisted as a private; and when the company was fully 
organized and attached to the 3d Regiment, he was elected 
Fnst Sergeant, and 5oon afterwards commissioned Lieu- 
tenant. At the first b.attle of Bull Run he had been placed 
in charge of a supply-train, with which he succeeded in 
safely reaching .Alexandria after the disastrous termination 
of that battle. W^hen the term of service of his regiment 
had expired he returned home and removed his residence 
to Asbury, and there, in the spring of 1862, he commenced 
again to practise his profession. In the autimin of the same 
year an additional call for troops was made, and upon the 
organization of the 31st Regiment of Infantry, he was ap- 
pointed its Adjutant, and was subsequently .attached to the 
staff of General Paul, with the rank of Captain. He par- 
ticipated in the severe battles fought under Burnside, in- 
cluding Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, etc., and also 



rendered valuable service while with a foraging expedition 
nito Virginia, wherein a large amount of provision and other 
material was captured. When his second term of service 
expired Captain Wyckoff again returned to the practice of 
his profession at Asbury, where he has since remained, and 
where his clientage has become one of the most lucrative in 
Warren county. He is a careful, painstaking lawyer, of 
strict probity, and in the management of cases evinces great 
shrewdness. He is very seldom or never deceived on the 
merits of a case, and rarely takes one into court in which he 
does not succeed. He was of counsel for the Lehigh Val- 
ley Railroad Company during the construction of the Easton 
& Allentown Division. At present he is the legal adviser 
of the Bloomsburg National Bank and also of the First 
National Bank at Clinton, besides being the attorney of 
several manufacturing companies and other corporations. 
His political views are those of the Democratic party, 
but he prefers to act independently, never hesitating 
to oppose the measures or the men of his own party when 
he believes the public good demands it. He stands high 
in the estimation of his fellow-townsmen, both as a lawyer 
and a citizen. In all matters pertaining to real estate he is 
probably without a superior at the New Jersey bar. He 
was married in 1862 to a daughter of Hugh Capner, of 
Flemington; she died in January, 1876. 



OUGH, DE WITT CLINTON, M. D., of Rahway, 
was born at Point Pleasant, Bucks county, Penn- 
sylvania, December 21st, 1826. His father, Gen- 
eral Joseph Hough, was a native of Pennsylvania, 
and followed agricultural pursuits; his mother, 
Jane Crowell, came from the same State. He 
obtained his literary education at Newtown Academy, which 
he attended from 1839 to 1841, having previously received 
its elements in the schools of his native place. Attracted 
toward the medical profession, he began preparation therefor 
as a student under the guidance of Dr. Charles Fronefield, 
of Montgomery county, Pennsylvania. Having laid a sound 
foundation of medical knowledge, he entered Jefferson 
Medical College, Philadelphia, and after a full course 
graduated therefrom in )he spring of 1847. He began 
practice at Tyler's Port, Montgomery county, Pennsylvania, 
where he remained one year. Then he removed to Red 
Hill, Bucks county, where he was engaged for three years. 
From this place he moved to Frenchtown, New Jersey, 
where he labored for six years. Seeking a wider field of 
practice he settled in Rahway in 1857, and met with en- 
couraging success until, on the outbreak of the war of the 
rebellion, in 1861, desirous of contributing his services to 
the cause of the Union, he entered the army as .Surgeon of 
the 7th New Jersey Infantiy. For three years he accom- 
panied this regiment, and served with it through all its 
engagements. On leaving the army he resumed the prac- 



64 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOr.EDIA. 



tice of Ills profession in Rahway, attending during the winter 
of that year, 1S64, a course of lectures at Bellevue Medical 
College, New York, and availing himself of the advantages 
of the hospital clinics. Since the conclusion of this ad- 
ditional course of study he has devoted himself to his prac- 
tice in Rahway, which has grown to large and influential 
proporiions. He has been a member of the Union County 
Medical Society since its organization, in 1869, and acted 
as its Vice-President in 1S73. Politically he affiliates with 
the Republican party, and has been honored by it with 
various important trusts. In 1867 and 1868 he was elected 
by it to the mayoralty of Rahway, and in 1S6S and 1869 to 
the Legislature. He was a member of the Water Commis- 
sion of Rahway from 1871 to 1874, and President of the 
Board during the construction of the works. On January 
28th, 1850, he was married to Elmira C. Runkle, of New 
Jersey. 



'CHENK, WILLIAM HENRY, M. D., Physician, 
of Flemington, is a native of the place which is 
now his home, having been born in Flemington, 
September 21st, 1826. His early education was 
obtained at the public schools of Flemington and 
vicinity, and later he attended the grammar 
school connected with Rutger; College. When he had 
reached the age when he should select and prepare for a 
profession, he commenced the study of medicine under the 
instruction of his father. Dr. John F. Schenk. After com- 
pleting his course of preparatory reading he entered the 
L^niversity of New York. Here he c^..tinued his studies 
with energy and great success, and when he graduated, in 
the spring of 1848, he was well qualified for the practice of 
the arduous profession he had chosen. He returned to 
Flemington after his graduation, and there entered upon 
practice in company with his father. He remained there 
until 1S50, when he removed to Ringoes, New Jersey, 
where he was engaged in professional practice for about a 
year. At the end of that time he went to New York, and 
there engaged in the drug business. He remained in this 
business until the year 1853, when, upon the breaking out 
of the Australian gold excitement, he went to tiy his for- 
tunes upon the island continent. In Australia he engaged 
in mining as well as the practice of his profession, although 
the latter claimed the principal portion of his attention and 
efforts. While there he became a member of the Medical 
Board of Victoria. In the year 1867, after having remained 
abroad for fourteen years, he returned home by way of 
England. In 1868 he resumed the practice of his profes- 
sion in his native town of Flemington, and there he has 
continued to reside ever since. He has achieved a high 
position in his calling; his skill as a practitioner is uni- 
vei"sally recognized, and he is in possession of an extensive 
and valuable patronage. Politically he is a Democrat, but 
his highest and most active interest is in his profession, and 



politics receives but a minor share of his attention. He 
was married in Australia, in the year 1862, to Margaret 
McLean, of Scotland. 



»(o LLEN, GEORGE A., Lawyer, of Flemington, 
New Jersey, was born in Westport, Faiifield 
county, Connecticut, and is a son of the late 
William Allen, foimerly a merchant of that 
place. The family is of English origin, and 
were among the early settlers of Connecticut. 
They were noted for their fidelity and patriotism during the 
war for independence. Both his paternal and maternal 
grandfathere served as officers in the revolutionarj' army, 
and one participated in the battle of Long Island, where he 
was taken prisoner by the British and suffered untold pri- 
vations and hardships at their hands. George A. Allen was 
being prepared for college at Greens Farms Academy when 
his father died suddenly, and as his pecuniaiy affairs were 
not in a condition to allow his son to pursue a collegiate 
course, the latter commenced teaching school at Milford, 
Connecticut, where he continued in this vocation about two 
years; and thence removed to New Jersey, where he again 
commenced teaching in a school near Flemington, and was 
likewise so occupied another two years. At the expiration 
of this latter period he entered the law office of James N. 
Reading, then of Flemington (now of Morris, Illinois), and 
commenced his legal studies. He remained there four 
years, and in 1844 was licensed as an attorney. lie soon 
became known as an ardent, energetic practitioner, who 
could be entirely depended upon, both as advisory counsel 
rji: in the management of cases, and as such rapidly ac- 
quired practice. On the outbreak of the great rebellion he 
enlisted as a private in tlie 3d Regiment New Jersey Vol- 
unteers on the first call for troojis. He was, however, soon 
promoted to a Captaincy; and the regiment to which he was 
attached was one of "the first in the field, reaching Wash- 
ington City by the way of Annapolis. On the expiration 
of the term for which he had enlisted he returned with his 
regiment to New Jersey. As his e.xtcnsive legal and pri- 
vate business demanded his attention, he was thus prevented 
from returning to the field ; but throughout the entire period 
of the war he was active and earnest in his support of the 
Union cause and in the raising of men and means to carry 
on the contest. His legal practice still continues a large 
one, and there is rarely any important case in the county in 
which he is not engaged. As a chancery lawyer he enjoys 
a reputation second to none in the State. He prepares liis 
cases with the utmost care, and seldom takes one into court 
with a single point unguarded, w-hile he will speedily detect 
any weaknesses, however slight, in his opponent's side. In 
arguing a case he never displays much oratorical effort, but 
arranges the facts and circumstances in the most forcible 
and logical manner, and never allows the judge or jury to 
lose sight of his main points. He thus invariably puts his 



BIOGRAnilCAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 



('-. 



client's case in the best pos.<ib!e light that it is capable of 
»,siiming. Ills undoubted probity and his unsweiving de- 
votion to the interests of his clients have placed him at the 
head of the profession in his section of the State, and have 
won for him an extensive and lucrative practice, which has 
yielded him a competency. He assisted materially in the 
organization of the Hunterdon County Bank, and was at 
one period President of the same, and also was one of the 
organizers of the bank at Lambcrtville, both of which in- 
stitutions are at present national hanks. In 1856 he, with 
othei-s, founded the Hunterdon Republican, and was one 
of its editors, and still continues one of its proprietors. His 
political creed was formerly that held by the Whig parly, 
but he became a Republican, and was one of those who 
brought that organization as a party into existence. In 
1872, or thereabouts, when the liberal Republican party 
■(I'as formed, which nominated Horace Greeley for the 
Presidency, he supported that movement, and at that time 
retired from the editorial management of the KcpKblican, 
but continued one of the pro|irietors of that journal. He is 
.T member of the State Editorial Association, and during 
the Greeley campaign he was one of the Slate Executive 
Committee. He was married in 1S50 to Mary, daughter 
of Charles Bonnell, of Flemington. His eldest son, Willi.nm 
D. Allen, was admitted to practise at the bar in 1875; and 
his second son, Charles W., is now {1876) a student in the 
iv.edical department of Harvard University, Cambridge, 
M.issachusells. 



•HETWOOD, FRAN'CIS B., late Attorney and 
Counsellor-at-Law, of Elizabeth, was born, Ee'. 
ruary 1st, i5.'o6, at Elizabeihtown, New Jersey, 
and was the son ol the late Hon. William and 
Mary (Barber) Chetwood. His grandfather, John 
Chetwood, was an Associate-Justice of the Su- 
preme Court of New Jersey, and was of Qu.aker descent. 
Hi-, resignation from the bench, as stated by one of his con- 
temporaries, was occasioned by "continued and increasing 
bad health ; " but the tradition in his family is that it was 
" his unwillingness to sentence a man to death." He died in 
1S06, at Elizabeth, at the age of seventy-two years. Francis 
B. Chetwood obtained his education in the schools of his 
native place, and at the proper age commenced the study 
of the law in his father's office, the latter having been a 
prominent practitioner in his time. Francis was duly 
licensed as an attorney in Novemlier, 1S28, and as a coun- 
sellor three years later. He commenced the practice of the 
law with his father, with whom he continued until the latter 
retired. He then followed his proftssional pursuits aUme 
until about i860, when he formed a partnership with William 
J. Magie, who had studied with him, the firm's name and 
style being Chetwood & Magie. After some years this firm 
dissolved, and he then associated with his son, Robert E. 
Chetwood, under the style of F. B. Chetwood & Son, and 
9 



the firm continued until the death of the senior member. 
During his lifetime he htld a large number of offices of trust 
and honor in the gift of his fellow-townsmen. He was 
ProstVutor of the I'leas for the county of Essex; this was 
prior to the formation of Union county. At an early period 
of his manhood he was a member of the City Council fur 
several terms ; also a member of the .Stale Legislature for 
two years, and was elected Mayor of the borough, and also 
Mayor of the cify of Elizabeth ; in the latter office his ncl- 
ministralion was characterized by rare executive ability and 
rcmaikable industry. He was the projector of the Elizabeth 
Water and the Eliz.abelh Gas Companies, and it w.as owing, 
in a great measure, to his indomitable perseverance that 
these works were built, notwithst.anding the indifference of 
some and the opposition of others. He was also one of the 
originators of the Elizabeth Orphan Asylum and of the 
Evergreen Cemetery, and was one of the two who pur- 
chased the grounds for the cemeteiy and became personally 
responsible for their cost. He also assisted in planning the 
grounds, giving the names to its avenues and paths, beside 
framing the rules and regulations for the government of the 
company. He took a warm interest in the growth and 
prosperity of his native place, which was especially noted 
for the elegance of the buildings he erected at various times 
and afterwards disposed of. Some of the finest suburban 
residences of Elizabeth were planned and erected by him. 
For many years he held the position of attorney for the old 
State bank; he lost heavily by the failure of several institu- 
tions, and these losses, added to continued domestic afllic- 
tion, had their effect upon his sensitive nature. He h.id 
been long a comrrittliicant of St. John's Epi^copal Church, 
in which he served for many years as a vestryman, and at 
the time of his death was a warden. As a citizen and 
neighbor he was universally beloved ; he was as simple and 
unostentatious in his manners as he w.as pure and honoitible 
in his dealings. He always acted in accordance with his 
convictions, whether they were popular or the reverse; and 
he' left behind him a record that few can equal. He was 
married, April 3d, 1832, to Elizabeth P. Phelps; he died, 
January l8;h, 1875, leaving a widow, two sons and one 
daughter, two sons having died some years previous. 



»^ 



'^a 



HETWOOD, ROBERT E., Lawyer, of Eliz.abeth, 
is a native of the place in which he now rcsnles, 
being born there, December 20lh, 1837. On his 
mother's side he is of New England descent, 
his mother, Eliza P. Phelps, having been born in 
Connecticut; but his father, Francis B. Chetwood, 
was a native of Elizabeth. Robert received the rudiments 
of his education at the common schools of Elizabeth. He 
" had a turn for study," and his progress was rapid and 
thorough. When he had arrived at the proper age he 
entered Princeton College, and there pursued a three years' 



66 



EIOGRArmCAL EXCYCLOIVEDIA. 



eouree of study. He graduated in the year 1S58, and 
immediately commenced the study of ihc law. That he 
should become a lawyer was almost a mailer of coui"se. 
His father was a prominent niemher of the profession, who 
had also been mayor of the city, and of the borough before 
its incorporation as a city. Moreover, the son had a strong 
natural inclination toward the law, and a thorough fitness 
for that profession. He entered the office of his father as a 
student, and prosecuted his studies with vigor and rajiid 
success. He was licensed as an attorney in June, 1S61, 
Tn June, 1864, he received his license as counsellor-al-bw. 
His progress in his profession was nipid, and he speedily 
attained a high ])lace at the bar and in the confidence of his 
])rofessional brethren and of the public. In the year 1S74 
be was elected to the office of City Attorney of Elizabeth, a 
position which he siill holds. Politically he is of the Re- 
]>ul)lican faith, and has been an active and effective worker 
in the raid<s of that party since his majority. Repeatedly 
be has been delegate to Republican conventions, and has 
served the party in numerous olh<r c:i|'acities. He was 
nurried, Mirch 5th, 1867, to Kate A. MtCowan, daughter 
of Captain John McGowan, of the United Stales Revenue 
Service. 



9 



RIGHT, GEORGE M., State Treasurer, was 
born, July 181I1, 1817, in Newshorehani, New- 
port county, Rhode Island, and is a son of \\'\\ 
liam L. ami Lucy (Jliuor) Wright Jjqlh of Rhode 
\. ''j^ Island, and both of English desie It. His father 
was for many years a sea d^ptair, Init the latter 
portion of his life w.as devoted to a«ricu!iuraU pursuits, 
h<i having removed to Otsego coiuily, N'evv Yorlc, where he 
dieil. George received his preliminary education at the 
district school of Rhode Island, and ihen became a pupil in 
a select school at Hartwick, in the same county. When 
twenty years old he left the academy, and went to New 
York at twenty-one to better his condition ; and being pos- 
sess2d of an active, energetic spirit, he soon advanced him- 
R.dt in the world. He engaged in various enterprises, which 
all pnived successfu', as to whatever he undertook he gave 
all his attention, .md allowed nothing 10 escape his notice 
which might in the end conduce to his benefit. In 1851 
he was the agent for George W. Aspinwall's line of 
steamers, which position he retained until the death of that 
gentleman, which occurred in 1853. About that time^ the 
Pennsylvania Steam Towing & Xf^n^pof'^t'O" CompaiVy 
was formed, in which he became a large stockholder, and 
has continued as such ever since. From his long connec- 
tion with the steamboat interests of New Jersey he is more 
fiimiliarly known as Captain Wright. In 1S51 he removed 
to New Jersey, and resided in New Bi unswick for about 
three years, when he selected Bordentown as his future 
home, and of which he still continues a citizen. He was 
elected Mayor of Bordentown in 1S58, and held that 



position two years. In 1864 he was chosen Senator fr. m 
Burlington county, and served in that capacity fur tlirce 
years in the Legi,slalure, 1S64 to 1867; wh.le a member of 
that body he was placed on several nnportant committees. 
For twelve years he filled the post of Inspector and Col- 
lector, at Bordentown, for the Dch.ware & Rr.ritan Cr.n.il. 
During his occupancy of that important position millions 
of dollars jiassed through his hands, all of which was satis- 
factorily accounted for. He is at present a director in the 
Bordentown Banking Company, as also of the .Steam Tow- 
ing Company. He was r.iipointcd State Treasurer in Feb- 
ruary, 1S75. Throughout his whole life he has been noted 
for his industrious habits, his sterling honesty and unim- 
peachable character; while he is regarded by his fellow- 
townsmen as an energetic, pul)lic spirited citizen. He was 
married in 184S to Jane M. Bradley, of Richmoiid county. 
New York. The old homestead of his fallier, in New 
York Slate, is still in his possession. 



7OWEI.I,, REV. ISAAC P., lale Pastor of St. 
Maiy's Church, Elizabeth, New Jersey, was 
born, July l6lh, 181 1, in the city of Pbilnchl- 
phin, Pennsylvania, and was the son tif Hr. 
Abraham and Mary Elizabeth (Koseiu) llovcil. 
His father was an eminent physician and a 
staunch Protestant; while his mother was of French ex- 
tr..ctiou and a zealous member of the Roman Catholic 
Church. In accoiclaniv v.iih the views of bis fr.tlier. be 
commenced the study of nitdicine in 1S29, but before he 
had completed his prescribeil course of readings his father 
died — in 1S32. At the earnest solicitation of his mother, 
he entered Mount St. Mary's College, in Maryland, to study 
divinity and prepare himself to exercise the sacied functions 
of a priest of the- church. He was ordained by the late 
Archbishop Hughes, March 17th, 1S44, and immediately 
was detailed for duly in Elizabeth. Although that city is 
ihe oldest selllement in New Jersey, but few members of 
the Roman Catholic Church ever resided ihere until of late 
years. I.ess than half a century ago — in 1829 — there were 
but three of that faith sojourning ihere; when iheir reli- 
gious faith was discovered they were obliged to leave, as no 
employment would be given them. In the course of lime, 
especially when the New Jersey Railroad, and at a later 
day when the Central Railway were in process of constriic- 
tion, a large influx of laborers professing that faith were 
added to the population of the town ; but there were no ser- 
vices held as yet, and veiy little probability ihat any would 
be needed, as the Roman Catholic populntiim was, so to 
speak, a floating populali<m. The lale Rev. P. Mor.-in, of 
Newark, then the only priest there, attended to the sick 
calls of the railroad laborers; and in 1842 Rev. Vldcfonso 
Medrano, then stationed on .Stalen I-land, vi>iled the fiw 
scattered mendiers of the fold in and near Eiiz.->bclh, and 




-fairt ail HT^iitlif 




BIOGRAPHICAL ENXVCLOP.EDIA. 



67 



occasionally celebrated for them the rites of religion; but 
the prejudice agaiiibt the chirrch was such lliat the only 
place he could procure for the purpose was a low tavern on 
the outskirts of the town, and his visitations were attended 
by the most unfavorable circumstances, not only to his own 
personal interest, but also to the most vital interests of re- 
ligion. And this was the state of affairs when Father 
Howell appeared. After considerable difficulty he jiro- 
cured a small room, in a house near the town, in which to 
celebrate mass. On Palm Sunday, 1S44, a congregation 
of about twenty-five assembled to greet their pastor and 
assist at the sacred rites of religion. Notwithstanding thai 
he met with opposition, yet there was somewhat of an in- 
crease in the congregation during that year, and a collection 
was commenced in the fall to purchase a lot whereon to 
erect a church. In April, 1845, the basement wall of St. 
Mary's of the Assumption was laid, and on the first Sunday 
in Advent of the same year a substantial brick church, fifty 
feet square, was sufficiently completed to accomr.:odate the 
congregation, w hich had then increased to about 100. In 
the course of a few years the church became too small for 
the rapid growih of the pari-.h, and in 1847 'he German 
members of the congregation left and erected an edifice for 
themselves. In 185 1 a substantial brick school-house, two 
stories high, was erected alongside of St. Mary's Church. 
In 1858 the enlargement and remodelling of the church and 
erection of a pastoral residence were commenced ; and in 
the spring of 1862 the work was completed. A beautiful 
church, 133 feet long and 66 feet wide, with a spacious 
pastoral residence, are the best evidences of the zeal and 
charity of the congregation. To this congregation did 
Father Howell minister until the close of his life. At the 
outbreak of the great rebellion, in 1861, he promptly es- 
poused the cause of the Union, and induced many of his 
flock to aid in the defence of their country. He was a man 
of marked learning and ability, and the founder of the Ro- 
man Catholic Church in Elizabeth. He died, August 3ISI, 
1866, and his funeral was attended by all denominations, 
who had learned to respect and honor him. 



QUIER, WILLIAM CRANE, Merchant, of Rah- 
way. New Jersey, was born in that place on Jan- 
uary 8th, 1812. He is descended from illustrious 
ancestors. His grandfather, John Squier, mar- 
ried Hannah Clark, cousin of Abram Clark, one 
of the signers of the Declaration of Independ- 
ence; his uncle, Abram Clark Squier, was captured from a 
privateer by a British cruiser and consigned to the famous 
New York sugar-house prison, where he died from slow 
starvation; his father, Jonathan Squier, married Hannah 
Crane, a niece of General Wdliam Crane, of Elizabeth, 
New Jersey, who distinguished himself as an officer of the 
revolutionary army. Inheriting from his ancestry an ardent 



love of country, he has Ihniiiyli liTe jirovcd himself a ijublic- 
spirited and useful citizen, aKv.-\ys rendering substantial 
t^upport to all movements calculated to advance the niaterial 
and social welfare of the nation, in whose creation his pro- 
genitors bore so consjiicuous and honorable a j.-art. lie 
was educated at the New York University, and the superior 
advantages he there enjoyed were improved to the full. 
Shortly after commencing the active business of life he re- 
moved to the South, and from 1834 to I'S46 was engaged 
in New Orleans as a merchant. Subsequently he returned 
North, and since 1852 has conducted business as a mer- 
chant in the city of New York, residing at his native place, 
Rahway. In the progress of this rapidly advancing locality 
he has always manifested an active interest. He has been 
President of the Rahway Savings Institution since its or- 
ganization, in 1853. In the subsequent year he was chosen 
President and Managing Director of the Passaic Zinc Com- 
pany, a corporation of the State of New Jersey, engaged in 
the manufacture of oxide of zinc, speller and sheet znic at 
Jersey City, with mines in Sussex county. New Jersey, for- 
merly owned liy Lord Stirling — that is, before the revolu- 
tionary war. He h.is continued to serve the company in 
that capacity until the present time, and its substantial ] ros- 
perity is attributable in large degree to the wise and prudent 
character of his management of its affairs. He was mariied 
on November 8th, 1841. to Catherine Craig, daughter of 
Dr. David S. Craig, a highly respected physician of Rr.hwny 
(now deceased). 

^e 

Q\M HITE, HON. JOHN MOORE, Lawyer and Jurist, 
late of Woodbury, was boi-n, 1770, at Bridgeton, 
Cumberland county. New Jersey, and was the 
youUL'est son of an English merchant who had 
originally settled in Philadelpl a and who had 
married the daughter of Alexander Moore, who 
had settled in Biidgeton about 1 730, and had been engaged 
there in business for many years and had acquired a com- 
petence. She was of Irish descent, and a remaikably hand- 
some woman ; and the .same may be said of her husband's 
appearance. She died while her youngest son was but an 
infant, leaving also two other sons. The widower returned 
to England ; lint when the revolutionary war broke out he 
took the patriot's side, returned to America, obtained a 
commission in the army, was an aide to General Sullivan, 
and was killed in the battle of Gevmantown, Pennsylvania. 
Alexander Moore, their grandfather, became the guardian 
of the three boys, and educated them. He died in 1786, 
and bequeathed to them a large portion of his landed prop- 
erty, including a large tract on the east side of the Cohansey 
river, upon which the city of Bridgeton is built. Judge 
White studied law with Joseph Bloomfield, and receiv.d 
his license as an attorney in 1791, as a counsellor in 1799, 
and as a serjeant-at-law in 1S12. He settled in Bridgeton, 
where he entered upon the practice of his profession, and 



6S 



EIOGRAPiIICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 



■where he continued to reside until ifoS, when he removed 
to Woodljiiry, and lived there until tlie close of his life. 
He was very successful as an advocate, and was well versed 
in the common law as applied to matters where re.d csta e 
was concerned; and, as he had made himself fully ac- 
quainted with the surveys located under the proprietors, he 
was generally charged with cases where boundaiy lines 
were involved. He w.as also, during his professional life at 
the bar, the Prosecutor of the Pleas of the State for several 
years in the counties of Cumberland and Salem. During 
the early part of his residence in Woodbury he was elected 
a member of Assembly, to represent Gloucester county in 
that body, and was several times re-elected. He was ap- 
pointed Atlorney-Gener.il of the State in 1833, and served 
in that position during his five years' term, and would have 
retained the position had it been possible for him to have 
done so. But when the joint meeting of the Legislature 
was held, in 1838, another person was elected as his suc- 
cessor, while he was nominated and elected a Judge of the 
Supreme Court of the Slate. He served his term of seven 
years on the bench, and at its close retired to private life. 
He had married, about the time of his admission to the bar, 
Miss Zuntzinger, and his family consisted only of one child, 
a daughter, who died when only about sixteen years old. 
Judge White's years were protracted beyond fourscore yeais 
and ten. He died, 1862, in the ninety-second year of his age. 



^ARKER, GEORGE W., Division Superintendent 
of the New York Division of the Pennsylvania 
Railroad, and a resident of Jersey City, was born 
in Strafford county, New Hampshire, June 17th, 
1828. His father, Benjamin Barl^er, of New 
Hampshire, and his brother, Hon. David Barker, 
member of Congress from New Hampshire, were the origin- 
ators of the woollen manufacture now so extensively carried 
on in that section. His mother, Eliza March, was the 
daughter of Hon. Jonas C. March, a m.an of public note 
for many years in New Hampshire. It was in the public 
schools that the subject of this sketch received all the edu- 
cation.al training he ever enjoyed, and, his father having 
failed in the great panic of 1837, it was necessary that at 
an early age he should do something for his living. Ac- 
cordingly at sixteen years of age he began working in a 
sawmill. After a short employment there he engaged with 
the Eastern Express Company as a messenger, and in this 
occupation he continued for about a year. He then assisted 
his father in the conduct of a grist-mill and in the manufac- 
ture of shoe-lasts. For several years he remained with his 
father, and in 1S51 was appointed Station Agent at Ro- 
chester, on a branch of the Boston & Maine Railroad. 
Here he struck the right track, and made it manifest that 
his path lay in the direction of railroading. With the Boston 



& Maine road he continued for two years, and resigned to 
become Freight Agent for the Salem & Lowell, and the 
Lowell & Lawrence Railioads, at Lowell, acting as Gen- 
eral Freight Agent as well as Local Agent for both of these 
roads, which at that time were under the management of 
William Livingston. In April, 1854, he resigned his po- 
sition on these roads, and moved to Jersey City to enter the 
freight department of the Erie Railway, as Assistant Local 
Freight Agent. After holding this post for one year he 
was transferred to a passenger conduclorship, and travelled 
in that capacity until September, 1858, when he was dis- 
missed the road by D. C. McCallum for passing some of 
the family of one of its directors. He was, however, shortly 
after reinstated by Charles Minot, and ran as Conductor on 
the Elmira & Canandaigua Branch of the Erie road, where 
he served for two years, and was then transferred to Chicago 
as Passenger Agent for the same railroad in that city. At 
the expiration of two years he resigned that position, and, 
by request, connected himself with the New Jersey Rail- 
road & Transportation Company, as Conductor. After run- 
ning in that capacity for twelve months he was made Depot 
Master at Jersey City, and so continued for about four 
months, when he was appointed Master of Transportation. 
In this ofiice he served until 1871, when the Pennsylvania 
Railroad Company took ch.arge of the L'nited Railroads of 
New Jersey, when he was appointed Division Superin- 
tendent of the New York Division, extending from New 
York to Philadelphia. In this responsible position he has 
demonstrated more strikingly than ever before his special 
fitness to take part in the active operation of a railroad. 
When he first arrived in Jersey City the entire number of 
trains centring at that point was only twenty-two daily, a 
total that included the trains of the Erie, the Morris & 
Essex, and the New Jersey Railroad & Transportation Com- 
panies. Now the Pennsylvania Railroad Company alone 
run eighty-two passenger trains each way daily from their 
depots. In this total are included those of the Lehigh Val- 
ley, New Jersey Midland, Montclair & Greenwood Lake, 
and Jersey City & Albany Railroads, all of which are under 
the immediate sujiervision of Mr. Barker. On the opening 
of the Centennial Exposition, at Philadelphia, there were 
344 trains handled on the New Y'urk Division in twenty- 
four hours, the movement of sevenly-eight of them being 
directed each way by telegraph. Again, on the occasion 
observed as New Y'ork Day at the Exposition, and for a 
day or two previous and for a day or two after, there was 
an immense strain upon the resources of the division and 
upon the executive .ability of its Superintendent, while from 
about the end of August until after the close of the Expo- 
sition the travel on the road was simply enormous, taxing 
heavily the capacity and endurance of this officer and his 
assistants. The whole of this extraordinary travel, owing 
to the system and careful attention of the Superintendent, 
was conducted 011 remarkable time and without an accident 
by which a passenger was injured. Having served in almost 



EIOGkArillCAL ENXVCLOr.EDIA.- 



69 



every department of a r.iilroad, Mr. Barker is peculiarly 
qualitied to fill his present position, no matter wliat its 
emergencies, and having earned it step by step he is a firm 
b.dicver in and consistent advocate of the system of promo- 
tion from the ranks, holding that its adoption secures well- 
tried and efficient assistants ; indeed, to his observance of 
this principle he attributes in great measure the large success 
that has attended his management. His position invests 
him with the control over about 2500 employe-;, including 
the shopmen. 



E WITT, REV. JOHN, D. D., Professor of Orien- 
tal Literature in the Theological Seminary at 
New Brunswick, was born in Albany, New York, 

f November 29th, 1 82 1. His father, whose name 
. he bears, was a distinguished theologian and in- 
structor, having been for many ye.irs connected 
with the Theological Seminary at New Brunswick, at the 
same time occupying the Professorship of Rhetoric and 
Belles-Lettres in Itutgers College. Dr. De Witt, the subject 
of this sketch, graduated from Rutgers College in 1S38, and 
then entered the Theological Seminary, from which he 
graduated in 1S42. His first charge was the Reformed 
Church at Ridgeway, Michigan, where he ministered from 
1842 to 1844. He then received and accepted a call trom 
the First Reformed Church at Ghent, New York, and la- 
bored in that connection with much acceptability and en- 
couraging success until 184S. His next charge was at 
Canajoharie, Montgomery county. New York, which he 
held for a very short time, when his health failed, obliging 
him to desist from professional labor for a year. Upon his 
recoveiy he accepted the pastorate of the Reformed Church 
at Millstone, New Jersey. He continued in this relation 
from 1S50 to 1863. In the latter year he was elected to the 
Chair of Oriental Literature in the Theological Seminaiy at 
New Brunswick. Feeling that in assuming this position he 
would be laboring in an enlarged field of usefulness, he 
severed his relations with the church at Millstone, and 
moved to New Brunswick, and entered upon his duties as 
Professor. A fine Oriental scholar, he has filled the chair 
with distinguished ability from that time down to the present 
writing. He was manied, in 1847, to Charlotte L. Gillette, 
of New York. 

(^*ORD, HON. GABRIEL II., Lawyer and Jurist, 
(>.fJlj late of Morristown, was born, 1764, in Morris- 
e-'f^i. '°"'"' ^'^^^ Jersf^y, and was a son of Colonel 
^i^^ Jacob Ford, whose family residence was the 
^T^ head-quarters of General Washington in the winter 
of 1779-80, and is still standing, a hallowed me- 
mento of " the times that tried men's souls." Judge Ford 
graduated from Princeton College in 17S4, and having 
TOa<le choice of the profession of the law, entered the office 



of Abr.aham Ogden, of Newark, whom he selected as his 
preceptor. During the period of his novitiate he became a 
namber of the " Inslitulio Legalis," or moot-court, where 
he had fur associates, William Griffith, J. Ogden IlolTmnn, 
KiLli.ud Stockton, who afterwards became lawyers of rc- 
iiDwn, both in New York and New Jersey, and who 
ascribed in a great measure their success at the bar to the 
practice attained in this mimic court, lie was licensed as 
an attorney in 1789, and subsequently, in 1793, became a 
counsellor-at-law. In 1S18, under an act passed for divid- 
ing the State into three judicial districts, he was appointed 
Judge of one, comprising the counties of Bergen, Morris, 
E^sex and Sussex, and ex officio became President Judge of 
the several courts of each of these counties. The act was 
soon after repealed, and subsequently Judge Ford, who had 
been thus legislated out of otfice, was chosen an Associate 
Justice of the Supreme Court, and was twice re-elected, 
thus holding that position for twenty-one years, and would 
doubtless have been a fourth lime chosen, had not his in- 
creasing years and infirm health warned him of the necessity 
of relinquishing the position. After he had retired frum 
the bench, he was complimented by a series of resolutions, 
passed by the bar, in which they assured him of the high 
esteem in which they held him, " of his untiring p.atience in 
investigation, his purity, and his independence, which led 
him at all times to adopt, as a maxim,' Be just, and fear not.' " 
He was everywhere regarded as the most efficient and elo- 
quent of the lawyers of New Jersey. After his retirement 
from the bench he relinquished all professional duties, and 
passed his remaining years at his seat near Morristown, where 
he died, August 27th, 1849. His son, Hemy A. Ford, is a 
member of the same bar at which his father was distinguished. 



fjERRY, GARRETT, Lawyer, was born, January 
3d, 1832, at Hamburg, Sussex county, New Jer- 
sey, and is a son of Jesse and Elizabeth (Wisner) 
Berry, boih of whom are natives of that county. 
His rudimentary education was obtained at the 
common schools of his district, which was supple- 
mented by an academic course of study at the Newton Col- 
legiate Institute; and in 1S59 he finally graduated at the 
New Jersey State Normal School. In the following yiar 
he was appointed Superintendent of the State Farming 
School, at Beverly, in which position he remained oneye^ r, 
and thence removed to Rahway, and assumed charge ol ibo 
public school in that city for a brief period. Subsequently, 
in conjunction with W. M. Phelps, he was appointed by the 
State superintendent. Lecturer and Conductor of Institutes 
throughout the Stale, which occupied his attention for the 
years 1861 and 1S62. His leisure hours, meanwhile, had 
been devoted to the study of the law, having commenced his 
readiness in \'iew of that [)rofession while he was a resident 
of Raluvay in iSoo; and in 1863 he was licensed as an at- 



BIOGRAn-nCAL ENCYCLOP-EDIA. 



loniey, and three years later a5 a coimsellor-at-law. In 
iS66 he was elected City Attorney fur Rahway, and at 
present (1876) is of counsel fur the Union National Bank 
of Rahway. He has associated with hnn Mr. Lupton for 
the practice of the law, under the firm-name of Berry & 
Lupton, who are favorably and extensively known as able 
and successful practitioners. In political matters he is a 
Republican, and has been connected with that parly since 
its organization. He was married, March 24lh, 1859, to 
Lizzie Ludlam, of Dcnnisville, New Jersey. 

'^ftOOLITTLE, REV. THEODORE S., D. D., Col- 
legiate Church Professor of Rhetoric, Logic and 
Mental Philosophy, in Rutgers College, was born 
at Ovid, Seneca county. New York, November 
30lh, XS36. His parents were Solomon and 
Caroline (Satterly) Doolittle, the former being 
a native of Connecticut, and the latter of New York State. 
He obtained his early education in the Ovid academy, and 
having laid a good fomulation in that establishment, entered 
Rutgers College as a .student in the fall of 1855, and was 
v;ia<luated in 1859, having pursued a four years' course. 
Feeling himself called to the ministry, he then became a 
student in the New Brunswick Theological Seminary, where 
he prosecuted his theological studies untjl 1862. In July 
of that year he accepted a call to the pastorate of a church 
at Flatiand, Kings county, New York, and continued his 
ministrations for two years. At the expiration of that period 
he was offered the Chair of Khetoric, Logic and Mental 
Philosophy in Rutgers College, which he accepted and still 
fills. In 1S72 he took a tour thi-ou'gh Europe, visiting 
England, Ireland, Scotland, Italy, Belgium and other con- 
tinental countries, gathering by the w.iy much information 
in connection with the subjects taught from his chair, and a 
knowledge of methods in professional instruction which, has 
added greatly to the acceptability of his teaching. On this 
trip he collected, also, many very fine specimens of ancient 
architecture. He is a powerful and elegant writer, and his 
contributions to the C/in'sticin at IVoik, of which he is a 
contributing editor, on the relations of science to religion, 
lend much interest and attractiveness to the columns of that 
journal. He was married, September lyth, 1862, to Mary 
A., daughter of Rev. Benjamin Bassler, of Farmer Village, 
Seneca county, New York. 



HITEHEAD, HON. IRA C, Lawyer and Jurist, 
late of Morristown, was born, 1798, near Morris- 
town, New Jersey. He received a thorough 
academical education preparatory to his matricu- 
la'ion at Princeton College, from which institu- 
tion he graduated in 1816, havinij as classmates 



John Maclean, and Judge Nevins, of the Supreme Court of 
New Jersey. After leaving college he commenced the 
siudv of law in the ofiii.e of the late Joseph C. Hornblower, 
of Newark, afterwards Chief Justice of New Jersey, and re- 
ceived his license as an attorney in May, 1821 ; and became 
a counsellor-at-law three years later. He commenced the 
practice of his profession at Schooley's Mountain, where he 
only remained for a short time; and thence removed to 
Morristown, %vhich became his future residence. He suc- 
ceeded in building up an extensive and lucrative practice, 
and was considered to be an able and successful advocate. 
In November, 1841, he was chosen by the joint convention 
of the Council and Assembly a Judge of the Supreme Court, 
and filled the term of seven years for which he was elected. 
At the expiration of his term in 1848, the politics of the 
Slate had changed, and as he was in the ranks of the oppo- 
sition another succeeded him. He immediately resumed 
the practice of his profession, and again became very suc- 
cessful. He was subsequently appointed Judge of the Court 
of Common Pleas in and for Morris County, and occupied 
the bench for several terms. He was a man of the most 
unblemished character, and was possessed of such a high 
degree of integrity that he was continually named by various 
persons as their executor, especially where the estates hap- 
pened to be extensive. The business thus intrusted to him 
occupied his time and attention for many years. As a judge 
he was greatly respected, and his opinions, as reported, 
show him to have been a deep thinker, an able logician, and 
a most impaitial jurist. He was a Whig in political doc- 
trine, and being such failed to be re-elected judge in 1848. 
He was a true Christian, and most charitable in his gifts for 
objects of a religious ami benevoknt character. He mar- 
ried about 1822, and was the father of a daughter, who 
died, as also did his wife, before his own decease. In 1S62 
he was stricken with paralysis, but recovered. lie died at 
Morristown, August 27lh, 1867. 



UTTOLPH, HORACE A., M. D., LL.D., Phy- 
sician and Superintendent of the State Asylum 
for the Insane, at Morristown, New Jersey, was 
born, April 6lh, 1815, in the township of North 
East, Dutchess county. New York, and is the son 
of Warren and Mary (McAllister) Buttolph. His 
father was also a native of New York, and followed agricul- 
tural pursuits ; he was of German descent, the founder of 
the American branch of the family having emigrated from 
Germany at an early day and settled in Boston, Massachu- 
setts. His mother was of Irish lineage. When Dr. But- 
tolph was quite young, his father removed to Pennsylvania 
and located within four miles of the site of the present thriv- 
ing city of Scranton, which was then known as Slocum's 
Mill; and the doctor often visited the same, making his 



the late Bishop Charles J. McUvaine, of Ohio, Rev. Dr. I way on horseback through an almost uninhabited wilder- 




^ 




EIOGRArniCAL E.N-CVCLOr.roiA. 



ness. After a few yeare his father returned to Dutchess 
county, New Vork, where the son attended school until 
he was fourteen years of age; he afterwards became an in- 
mate of the family of his maternal uncle, Dr. Charles McAllis- 
ter, of South Lee, Berkshire county, Massachusetts. While 
residing with his uncle he became a pupil of the Stock- 
bridge Academy, where he completed his education. Hav- 
ing resolved to devote his life to the medical profession, he 
commenced its study with his uncle, meanwhile teaching 
school and thus defraying his expenses incident to the same; 
in fact, the doctor sustained himself from the <itarf, and h, 
ih all respects, emphatically a self-made mah. He attended 
three regular courses of lectures delivered at the Berkshire 
Me.hcal College, Massachusetts, and graduated from that 
insflution in 1835. Returning to Dutchess county. New 
York, he at once began the practice of his profession • 
but only remained there for a brief period, removing thence I 
to Sharon, Litchfield county, Connecticut, where he resided 
for five years. He then went to New York city, and at- I 
tended a course of medical lectures in the university of that 
city, at which time the late Dr. Valentine Molt was the | 
leading surgeon. For some time previous to this period he 
had been deeply interested in mental science, and in the 
proper treatment of insane patients, and had already paid 
much attention to these subjects. As the asylum at Utica 
was about opening, in the winter of 1S42-43, he made an 
■effort to become one of the medical staff. He also visited 
the leading asylums in the New England States, and after 
h.s return was appointed .assistant to Dr. Brigham, who had 
been called to take charge of the Utica Asylum, and he 
hlled this situation about five years. In 1847 he was ap 
pointed Superintendent of the New Jersey State Lunatic 
Asylum, at Trenton; but before he accepted this responsi- 
I'le- position, he visited many of the prominent asylums for 
insane patients in Great Britain, France and Germany, num- 
bering in all some thirty institutions ; so that he was enabled ! 
to enter upon his duties at Trenton with a full understanding 
^f the best methods to pursue. He held this position unin ' 
terruptedlyfor nearly twenty-nine years, being thoroughly 
Klem.fied with every step of its progress, and relinquished it 
m April,. 1S76, to take charge of the State Asylum for the 
nsane at Morristown, to which he had been elected in 
J"ne .875. It may be here stated that, while acting as a 

'r^sTf ',"'"™^"°" "PP''"'^-^ ''>•"'« Legislatme of 
S68-69 ,0 select a site and prepare plans for a n<nv institu- 
non in the State, Dr. Buttolph, in conjunction with Samuel 
Moan, architect, of Philadelphia, arranged the design for a 
'"■'l<lmg which, with slight modification of detail, was sub- 
sequently adopted by the commissioners for erecting this 
lu the interim between his acceptance of this new charge 
.^nd his actual assumption of its duties, he assisted the com- 
missioners charged with the erection of the same, with his 
Jjreat experience, practical skill, and rare good judgment," 
and he planned many of the features which render this in 
stilut.on one of the most perfect asylum buildings ever 



erected. The institution was opened for the admission of 
patients on the 17th of August, since which, to this date 
(November 1st), a period of two and a half months the hr-e 
number of 346 have been received. It was commenced tn 
the year 1S72, and during that and the following, years the 
sum of over §2,250,000 was expended in its construction. 
It has an imposing appearance, especially when viewed 
from the front, which stretches out in a continuous line ,270 
feet m extent, each subdivision receding, until the re-r 
of the two wings are about 600 feet distant from the front 
line of the central projecting edifice. All the buildings are 
fire-proof as far as sione, brick and iron can make them and 
the stairways are of iron and slate. They are generally 
five stories high, including the basement, the upper story 
being finished with a mansard roof, ornamented with domes 
I and turrets. The asylum is heated with steam throughout, 
j supplied by eight boilers, which are placed in a building 
some distance in the rear of the central structure, and which 
I also contains the bake-house, laundry, machine and work 
I shops. To give an idea of the great extent of the edifice 
it may be stated that nearly eight acres of floor, over thir- 
I teen miles of base-board, 2000 doors, 2500 windows have 
been placed in the several stories; and the area of the plas- 
tered walls is somewhat over thirty-three acres. There are 
between 4000 and 5000 radiators, and about 3000 registers 
connected with the heating apparatus ; while some^'eirht 
miles of iron pipe have been laid to convey gas, water a'iid 
steam. The gas used is made on the premises in a separate 
building erected for the purpose; while other structures, 
such as barns, stables, carriage-houses, ice-houses, slaurhtcr- 
^ houses, etc., have been put up during the present year 
, (1876). Dr. Buttolph is most enthusiastically devoted to 
his profession, particularly in his specialty, which, indeed, 
has been almost a life-long study with him. In 1872 he 
I was honored by Princeton College with the degree of 
Doctor of Laws. He was married, in 1S38, to Catharine, 
daughter of George King, of Sharon, Connecticut. S!ie 
died in 1S51. In 1S54 he was united in marriage to Mrs. 
Maria R. Gardner, dau-htcr ; f John Syng Dorsey, M. D., 
Professor of Anatomy in tlic University cf Pennsylvania. 



ARD, ARTHUR, A. M., M. D., of Newark, was 
born at Ecllevillc, New Jersey, December -- ' 




1S23. Kis father, Samuel L. Ward, M. D.; of 
Belleville, was for many years extensively en- 
gaged in the practice of medicine in that locality 
and the surrounding country. On the maternal 
side also he was of Jersey extraction, his mother being Caro- 
line Bruen, of Newark. His preliminary education was 
obtained partly in Newark, whence he proceeded to the 
Bacon Academy, at Colchester, Connecticut. Having com- 
pleted his preparation for a university course at this academy 
he entered Yale Colle-e in 1840. At this famous seat of 



72 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 



Iccirnii'g he spent four years in diligent student, grad- 
uating in 1844, and having conferred on liim in due couree 
llic degree of A. M. Selecting the medical profession, ^e 
immediately commenced his studies under the tutorship of 
his father and the eminent physician, Dr. Thomas Cock, of 
New York, who was one of the founders of the College of 
rhviicians and Surgeons of that city. At this institution he 
attended lectures, and from it he graduated in the fall of 
1S47. He at once entered upon the active duties of his 
profession in Newark, where he practised for one year, 
when he took up his residence at Belleville. At this place 
and in Newark he was successfully engaged until 1865. In 
that year he returned to Newark to reside, and has con- 
tinued to practise there with steadily increasing success to 
the present time. He has now lieen in active practice for 
nearly thirty years, and during this period he has devoted 
himself exclusively to the promotion of the interests of his 
noble profession, always commanding the respect and es- 
teem of the profession at large, as well as the entire confi- 
dence of all who have come under his care. In the medical 
associations with which he is and has been connected he 
has always taken an active interest. He is a member of 
the Essex District Medical Society ; also, the Essex Medical 
Union. Of the Connecticut Medical Society he is a cor- 
responding member, and for the year 1876 was a delegate 
to the New Jersey State Medical Society from the district 
society. He was married in 1S54 t A.nui C, daughter of 
Robert Lee, of Rahway. 



jRAKE, HON. GEORGE K., Lawyer and Jurist, 
late of Morristown, was born, 17S8, in Morris 
county. New Jersey, and was a son of Colonel 
Jacob Drake, and his mother was a sister of 
Jonathan Dickerson, and aunt of Governor 
Mahlon Dickerson. He received his preparatory 
1 at the hands of Rev. Dr. Armstrong, of Mendham, 
and sub,eriuently entered Princetim College, from which in- 
stitution hegr.uluated in 180S, having as classmates the late 
Bishop Meade, of Virginia, and Judge Wayne, of the United 
States Supreme Court. After leaving college he made 
choice of the profession of the law as his future avocation, 
and chose as his preceptor therein .Sylvester Russell, of 
Morristown. After the usual course of study he was li- 
censed as an attorney in 1S12, hecamea counsellor in 1815, 
a'ld W.1S appointed serjeant-at-law in 1S34. Shortly after 
his admission to the bar he commenced the practice of his 
profession at Morristown, where he continued until he was 
appointed Ju.lge. In 1823 he was elected a member of A: 
senibly, and was re-elected three several limes; during hi> 
last two terms in that body, he was chosen Sieaker of th. 
In December, 1826, at a joint meetin.^ of the 



educatif 



Ilous. 



Council and Assembly, he was chosen Justice of the Su- 
preme Court, to succeed Judge Russell. Short:y after his 



appointment he removed to Burlington, where he remained 
but a short time, however, and ultimately chose Trenton as 
his residence, and where he remained until the expiration 
of his term of office. The opinion which he gave in the 
case of Hendrickson vs. Decov.- operated against his reap- 
pointment, although generally admitted to be correct. 
This opinion was adverse to the Hicksites' cause, and they 
helped to elect, in 1833, a large majority of Democrats to 
the Legislature, mainly to defeat the re-election of Judge 
Drake. Upon the termination of his office he returned to 
Morristown, where he resumed the practice of his profession. 
Religiously he was a Presbyterian, and an active and zealous 
member of that communion. lie died suddenly, while on 
a visit to his brother-in law. Dr. Woodruff, at Drakesville, 
in 1837. 

■y ~^^ 

UNT, EZRA M., M. D., of Metuchen, was born 
in that place on January 4th, 1S30. His father, 
Rev. H. W. Hunt, was for many years the be- 
loved pastor of the First Presbyterian Church, 
Metuchen, and was a Jerseyman, having been 
born in Hunterdon county. The family, how- 
ever, came originally from Westchester county, -New York. 
Having received a superior elementary training, Ezra at- 
tended Irving Institute, at Tanytown, New York, where he 
continued from 1840 to 1845, and prepared for college. 
He entered Piinceton College in the latter year, and gradu- 
ated therefrom in 1849. The life. of a physician being that 
to which his tastes led, he then liegan the study of medicine 
under the superintendence of Dr. Abram Coles, an eminent 
practitioner of Newaik, New Jersey, at the same time at- 
tending lectures at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, 
of New York, from which, after a three years' course, he re- 
ceived his degree of M. D., in March, 1852. After gradu- 
ating he located himself in Metuchen, but did not labor long 
in that place at that time, being, in 1853, appointed Lecturer 
on Materia Medica and Therapeutics, in the Vermont Med- 
ical College, at Woodstock. In the following year he was 
chosen Professor of Chemistry in the same institution. 
During 1855 he concluded to resume his profession, and re- 
lumed to Metuchen. There he was successfully engai'ed 
until 1862, when he was impelled by patriotic motives to 
join the Union army. He entered the service fu;- nine 
months, as Assistant Surgeon of the 29th New Jersey In- 
fantry. After serving with the regiment for two months he 
was detached to lake charge of the Calvert Street Hospit.-il, 
Baltimore, where he did duty until the expiration of his 
term. Returning to Metuchen, he once more resumed the 
labors of private ]iractice, in which he has since been con- 
tinuously occupied, and with steaddy increasing success. 
In his profession he enj.iys a high reputation, both as a phy- 
sici.an and an author. He is a member of the Middlesex 
County Medical Society, and has been many times a dele- 
gate to the State Medical Society, of which he is a Fellow, 



BIOGRAPHICAL EN'CYCLOr.-EDIA. 



having acted as its President in 1S65. He was one of tbe 
delegates who represented the Slate Medical Society of New 
Jersey in the Convention of the American Medical Associa- 
tion held in Philadelphia, from June 6th to June loth, 1876, 
and was also a delegate from the State to the International 
Medical Congress, held in Philadelphia in September, 1S76. 
Among the medical works that have emanated from his pen 
may be mentioned the " Physicians' Counsel," and " Pa- 
tients' and Physicians' Aid." But he is known in author- 
ship outside of the professional pale. Among the more 
prominent of his literary works may be named " Grace Cul- 
ture," published by the Presbyterian Board of Pulilication, 
and "A Commentary on the Old and New Testaments," 
published by Scribner & Co., of New York. Various other 
works of minor importance have been given to the public 
by him. During 1863 and 1864 he was a member of the 
Board of Enrolment from the Third Congressional District. 
He has been twice married. His fii-st wife, Emma L. 
Ayres, of Rahway, he espoused in 1853; she died in 1867. 
The second marriage took place in 1870, and was contracted 
with Emma Reeve, of Allowaystown, New Jersey. 



|ROWN, HON. GEORGE H., Lawyer and Jurist, 
late of Somerville, was born in 1810, and was the 
son of Rev. Isaac V. Brown, D. D., for a long 
time principal of a classical academy at Law- 
^""^^ renceville, and where he received a thorough 
training previous to entering college. He gradu- 
ated with the class of 1828 from Nassau Hall, and after- 
wards became an assistant in his father's school, where he 
remained about two years. Having determined to embrace 
the legal profession, he entered for a while the law office of 
Thomas A. Hartvvell, of Somerville; but subsequently he 
became a student in the law department of Yale College. 
He was licensed as an attorney in 1835, and became a 
counsellor in 1838. He immediately opened an office in 
Somerville, which town he likewise made his residence, and 
continued there throughout his life. His success was a 
good one from the first, and he soon had the control of an 
extensive and lucrative business, being a thoroughly able 
lawyer. He was a member of the convention which assem- 
bled ju 1844 to frame the new State Constitution, in which 
body he took an active part. When this new Constitution 
was adopted, he was nominated by the Wliigs as Senator 
from Somerset county, and was elected, although the county 
was considered a sound Democratic district. He was 
elected, in 1850, a member of Congress, but failed to be re- 
elected in 1S52, the district giving a majority to his oppo- 
nent. In lS6l, when Judge Whelpley was appointed Chief- 
justice, he was nominated by Governor Olden, to fill the 
vacancy created by such promotion, and duly confirmed by 
the Senate. The selection was an excellent one, and his 
course as a Judge was eminently satisfactory ; but he was 



not destined to continue in the high position which he 
was so well qualified to fill. He was desirous of resigning, 
hut was urged to remain while there appeared any hope of re- 
covery. But a disease, which baffled the skill of the most 
skilful physicians, soon after his resignation was accepted, 
terminated his life in 1865. 



|LACK\VELL, LEWIS S.,M. D., of Perth Amboy, 
was born at Pennington, New Jersey, January 23d, 
1833. His parents, Henry and Rebecca (Titus) 
Blackwell, were both natives of the State, and 
gave their son a good education. He fiist at- 
tended the academy in Pennington, and afterward 
the New Jersey Conference Seminary at the same place, the 
latter being an old-established and popular institution of 
learning. Being drawn by taste toward the medical profes- 
sion, he began to read medicine shortly after leaving the 
seminary, having for his jireceptor his brother. Dr. E. T. 
Blackwell. In 1854 he attended a course of lectures at 
Vermont Medical College, at Woodstock, Vermont. During 
the three subsequent years he attended the LTniversity of 
Pennsylvania, and graduated therefrom in the spring of 1857. 
After graduation he located at Wertsville, Hunterdon county, 
New Jersey, where, however, he remained only a short time. 
In 1858 he returned to Pennington, where he practised suc- 
cessfully until 1S72, having in the mean time attended a 
course of lectures in Bellevue Hospital Medical College. 
Durinjjthat year he transferred his labors to Bound Brook, 
New Jersey, and continued in that field for two years, when 
he located in Perth Aniboy, where he is now residing in the 
enjoyment of a large and growing practice. In 1867 he was 
elected a member of the Board of Chosen Freeholders of 
Mercer County, wdiich office he held for two years. His 
wife, Charlotte Ogden Waters, to whom he was married 
April 28lh, 1859, is a native of Millville, New Jersey. 



*^CHOMP, JOHN, Lawyer, of Somerville, was born, 
June 2d, 1843, in Readington, Hunterdon county, 
New Jersey, and is a son of Jacob G. Schomp, a 
farmer and builder of that county. He was pre- 
pared for college at first under private instruction, 
and at Claverack Institute, New York. He en- 
tered the sophomore class of Rutgers College, New Bruns- 
wick, in 1859, and had as classmates Judge Reed, A. J. 
Garretson, and others, since prominent in the legal profes- 
sion. After leaving college he commenced preparing him- 
self for admission to the bar, with the eminent law-firm of 
Brown, Hall & Vanderpool, of New York city, where he 
remained for some time; but as his health began to fail, he 
abandoned his studies for a year. He subsequently became 
a student in the office of B. Van Syckel, now one of the 



74 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 



Jusiices of the Supreme Court of New Jersey, where he re- 
mained until his admission to the bar, in 1 866. In the 
early part of the following year he opened an office and 
commenced practice in Sumerville, where he still resides. 
His ability and integrity have won for him not only the con- 
fidence and esteem of his fellow-townsmen, but also a large 
and lucrative business. He is a Democrat in political faith, 
and ardently attached to the principles of that party, al- 
though he has never sought any official position at the hands 
of that organization. He has in the past rendered excellent 
service for the party in eloquently defending its principles 
and candidates. He is regarded in his profession as a safe 
counsellor, and judicious in the management of his clients' 
interests. He was married, in 1S69, to Wilhelmina Schonip, 
of Hunterdon county. New Jersey. 



'TOCKTON, CHARLES S., DD. S., of Newark, 
was born in Springfield township, Burlington 
county. New Jersey, on December 17th, 1836. 
His parents were Staccy and Eliza (Roselle) 
Stockton, both natives of the same State. On 
his paternal side he is descended from the old 
Stockton family, so long and thoroughly identified with the 
State of New Jersey. His education was principally ob- 
tained at the New Jersey Conference Seminary of the 
Methodist Episcopal Church, at Pennington, from which 
institution he graduated with the first honors of his class on 
July 28th, 1855, being chosen to deliver the valedictory 
oration on that occasion. Having been attracted to the 
dental profession, he commenced, in the fall of 1855, the 
study of dentistry in the office of Dr. George C. Brown, of 
Mount Holly, New Jersey, with whom he remained for 
about one year, when he entered the office of Dr. C. A. 
Kingsbury, a long-established dentist, also of Mount Holly 
at that time, but more widely known of late years as one 
of the founders of the celebrated Dental College of Penn- 
sylvania. Having fitted hiinself for the practice of dentistry. 
Dr. Stockton, in March, 1857, purchased the property and 
practice of Dr. Kingsbury, and soon met with flattering 
success, and was engaged in an extensive and lucrative 
practice here up to the summer of 1872, when he removed 
to Newark, purchasing the property there on Cedar street 
which for many years was occupied by the Messrs. Colbum, 
the leading dentists of Newark in their day. Here Dr. 
Stockton again acquired a lucrative and constantly-increas- 
ing patronage, which he continues to enjoy, and is in all 
probability the leading dental practitioner in Newark. 
Fully appreciating, however, the great importance of being 
thoroughly learned in the real science and practice of his 
profession, he availed himself of the benefit of a full course 
of lectures at the Pennsylvania College of Denial Surgery, 
where he was graduated with the highest honors, Fehr^uan^ 
29th, 1868. An entliusiast in his profession, Dr. Stockton 



has taken great pride in elevating the standard of its mem- 
bers, etc. He was actively instrumental in aiding the 
organization of the New Jersey State Dental Association, in 
1870, and has always taken a lively interest in its deliber- 
ations. Upon its formation he was chosen Vice-President 
and elected to deliver the public address at the fii-st annual 
meeting, which was held at Newark, in July, 1871. His 
discourse on this occasion embodied a concise history of 
dentistry from the early ages to the present period, accom- 
panied by a number of excellent practical suggestions touch- 
ing the elements of professional success. The address 
received many encomiums from its hearers, and its publica- 
tion was ordered by the society. At the annual meeting 
of the society, held at Long Branch in the summer of 1 872, 
he contributed an interesting paper entitled " On What we 
Live." He has been called upon to act in various official 
capacities in the State society, viz.. Chairman of the Execu- 
tive Committee of the society and also of the State Board 
of Examiners. In July, 1875, ''^ "'*s honored with the 
Presidency of the society, which office he now holds. In 
February, 1874, he was elected President of the Alumni 
Association of the Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery 
for the ensuing year. Notwithstanding his devotion to his 
profession, he has also found time to aid and promote in 
various ways the welfare of the communities in which he 
has resided. During his sojourn at Mount Holly he repre- 
sented his church in the Episcopal Diocesan Convention 
of New Jersey. While not caring for political honors, he 
has at the same time recognized the duty each citizen owes 
in this direction, and has, a number of times, been a dele- 
gate in the county. State and district conventions of his 
party. He was married in 1857 to Martha Smith, of Perth 
Amboy. 



RAIG, DAVID STEWART, M. D., Physician, 
of Rahway, was a native of that place, having 
been born there, September 22d, 1776. His 
parents were David Craig and Catherine Terrill, 
and his grandparents on the father's side were 
Timothy Craig and Jane Stewart. Through his 
grandmother he was of Scotch descent, her father, David 
Stewart, having come to this country from Edinburgh, 
Scotland, and settled in Woodbridge. David Stewart 
Craig, in his boyhood, attended a select school in his native 
place, and his natural aptness and his early habits of hard 
work rendered his acquisition of knowledge rapid and ef- 
fectual. It was early decided that he was to enter the 
medical profession. Indeed thai was the hereditary pro- 
fession of his family. His father, David Craig, was a 
physician, and his great-grandfather, David Stewart, was 
the first physician who practised in Woodbridge, where he 
settled after his arrival from Edinburgh. After his term of 
attendance at the select school had expired the young David 
entered at once upon the study of medicine. He was placed 



BIOGRArmCAL ENCVCLOP.IDIA. 



7S 



in the office of Dr. Samuel Bard, of New York, and con- 
tinued under the instruction of that practitioner until the 
completion of his course of study. He received his diploma 
in the year 1797, when he had just attained his majority. 
He returned to Rahway and at once commenced the prac- 
tice of his profession there. He speedily rose in favor, and 
while still a young man found himself possessed of a large 
and increasing patronage. His energy in the performance 
of his chosen work was great ; he was an indefatigable 
student, and kept well up with the progress of medical 
science, and his skdl and success were remarkable. He 
advanced rapidly to acknowledged eminence, and during 
fifty years of unremitting practice in Rahway he maintained 
a leading position in his profession. As a man and a citi- 
zen, no less than as a physician, did he win and retain the 
esteem of those about him. He was public-spirited in a 
high degree, and all movements for the welfare of the com- 
munity received his hearty and active co-operntion. He 
was especially active in the removal of the mill-dams, a 
work which, at the time, awakened the interest and com- 
manded much of the attention of the community in which 
he lived. He died, November 9th, 1866, widely and sin- 
cerely mourned, and his memory is still cherished with high 
esteem. 



jILLY, HON. SAMUEL, M. D., Physician, States- 
man and Jurist, of Lambertville, was born, Octo- 
ber 28th, 1815, in Geneva, Ontario county. New 
York, and is a son of William Lilly. He is of 
English descent, his grandfather, Samuel Lilly, 
being the emigrant ancestor of the American 
branch of the family. He was a barrister by profession in 
England; and, being a fine classical and belles-lettres 
scholar, ou his arrival in America he adopted the profes- 
sion of a teacher, and established himself at first in New 
York city, and afterwards went to Albany. At the instance 
of warm personal friends, he took orders in and became a 
clergyman of the Protestant Episcopal Church. In the 
course of time he became Rector of St. John's Church, 
Elizabethtown, New Jersey ; and while there he officiated 
at the marriage ceremony of Lord Bolingbroke, then a resi- 
dent of that ancient borough. His son, William Lilly, the 
father of Dr. Samuel Lilly, was placed at an early age in 
the extensive house of E. K. Kane & Co., who were en- 
gaged in the East India trade, and where he acquired all 
the information necessary to form the attainments of a suc- 
cessful merchant. He afterwards removed to Geneva, 
thence to Penn Yan, subsequently to New York city, and 
finally settled at Lambertville, New Jersey. In 1829 his 
son Samuel, who at that time was about fourteen years of 
age, commenced the study of the classics with his uncle, 
Dr. John Lilly, a prominent physician, who had been a 
resident practitioner of medicine in Lambertville since 
1809; he also received instruction from Rev. P. O. Studi- 



ford, D. D., an eminent Presbyterian clergyman. Having 
decided to embrace the medical profession, he entered the 
medical department of the University of Pennsylvania, ami 
graduated therefrom with the degree of M. D. in 1857. 
He immediately entered upon the practice of his profession 
at Lambertville, and soon acquired the control of an exten- 
sive and lucrative business and reputation. He is a leading 
member of the Hunterdon Medical Society and of the New 
Jersey State Medical Society, in both of which he has held 
all the leading offices, and is now Vice-President of the 
American Medical Association. In 1852 he was elected by 
the Democratic party to the Thirtythird Congress; and 
during the term for which he was elected served as Chair- 
man of the Committee on Expenditures of the Post-office 
Department, and was also a member of the Committee on 
Agriculture. The Thirty-third Congress has become his- 
torical on account of the "Kansas-Nebraska" struggle, 
and the passage of legislative acts virtually repealing the 
" Missouri Compromise." His Congressional career was 
marked by his earnest efforts to check the turbulent pas- 
sions, promote a better and more fraternal feeling between 
the sections and allay the stormy passions, which finally 
culminated in the civil war. He was renominated in 1854, 
but the Know-Nothing movement prevented his re-election. 
He was, however, chosen to fill several important local 
offices both in the city and county where he resided. He 
was elected, in 1849, ''i^ fi''^' Mayor of Lambertville, and 
re-elected for three succeeding years. For eight years he 
was Director of the Board of Freeholders for Hunterdon 
county. In January, 1861, he was appointed, by President 
Buchanan, Consul-Genera! to British India, to reside at 
Calcutta. 'During his connection with the consulate the 
civil war, and our relations with England growing out of 
the Mason and Slidell affair, rendered the administration 
of the occupant of the position one of great responsibility. 
Some American merchant vessels, partly loaded with salt- 
petre, were detained at Calcutta during the Mason and 
Slidell excitement. Dr. Lilly contended vigorously for the 
rights of the American traders, who were then allowed to 
depart. Previous to his leaving Calcutta for the United 
States, the American merchants resident in that city pre- 
sented him with a handsome service of plate, in token of 
the esteem in which he was held by them ; and on his ar- 
rival at his home, in Lambertville, he was welcomed by an 
ovation at the hands of his fellow-townsmen. In 186S he 
was appointed Judge of the Court of Common Pleas for the 
County of Hunterdon, and served for the term of five years 
in that capacity. In 187 1 he was appointed one of the 
Commissioners to locate and build the new State Lunatic 
Asylum. The site selected was at Morristown, and it is 
now completed and occupied. It is one of the largest 
and best designed institutions of the kind on the continent, 
and reflects credit on the State and the Board of Commis- 
sioners. In 1873 he was appointed by Governor Parker 
one of the Judges of tht Court of Errors and Appeals, 



76 



which poMli.m he still retains. ?!e is also a div 
Flcminylo.i Railroad Con.pany ; Pr..id.-nt of the CeiUr.; 
Brid-eCompanv.aiul President of the Lamhevtville Savnigs 
Bank He is a proniinem member of the Masonic order 
and of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, in each of 
which organizations he has held tlie most importa&t posi- 
tions. As a man of irreproachable character he is univer- 
sally respected ; and however men may differ with him on 
political <piesti«ns, or on public affairs, his most bitter po- 
litical opponents have never called in question his probity, 
or his earnest desire for the public good. 



K/p- IRKFATRICK, HON. ANDREW, Lawyer and 



EIOGRAPUICAL EXCYCLOP.EDIA. 
ector of the 



family. 



Jurist, late of New Brunswick, was born, Feb- 
ruary 17th, 1756, in Somerset county, New Jer- 
sey, and was the third son of David and Mary 
(McEwan) Kirkpatrick, and a grandson of Alex- 
ander Kirkpatrick, the emigrant ancestor of the 
The latter was a native of Scotland, who had re- 
moved first to Belfast, Ireland, where he lived a few years, 
and subsequently, in 1736, sailed with his family to America. 
He settled in Somerset county. New Jersey, near Basking 
Ridge, where he died in 1758. His second son, David, 
was, like his father, a rigid Presbyterian, and of plain and 
imassuming habits, highly respected for his unswerving in- 
tegrity and great perseverance ; he attained the great age 
of over fourscore years and ten, and died in 1814. Andrew 
received the best education attainable in the vicinity of his 
birthplace, and graduated at Princeton College in 1775. 
His father had educated him especially to enter the min- 
istry of the Presbyterian Church ; and after he left college 
he commenced the study of divinity with the Rev. Mr. 
Kennedy, a distinguished theologian, at Basking Ridge; but 
after a short time he abandoned the idea of entering the 
ministry and expressed his determination to become a stu- 
dent at law. His father appears to have been much 
chagrined at the change in his son's views, and declined to 
assist him in obtaining the instruction needed to attain the 
desired end; so he was compelled to rely upon his own 
exertions, and he left home, with his mother's blessing and 
her parting gift of some golden pieces — the savings of years. 
He went to Virginia, and became a tutor in the family of 
Colonel Taliaferro, at Hagley, near Fredericksburg, King 
George's county, the same household where Hon. Samuel 
L. Southard subsetpiently taught; and after remaining there 
a brief period went to Esopus (now Kingston), in Ulster 
county. New York ; and he afterwards returned to New 
Jersey, where he obtained a position as teacher of the clas- 
sics at Rutgers College Grammar School, at New Bruns- 
wick. During this whole period he occupied his leisure 



located in Morristown, and achieved suooess from the start; 
but met with an unfortunate accident two years later— the 
destruction of his effects, including his library, by fire— 
and accordingly returned to New Brunswick, which for the 
future became his residence, and where he acquired an ex- 
cellent and constantly increasing practice. In 1797 he was 
elected a member of the Assembly from Middlesex county, 
and, after serving a short time in that body, was appointed, 
by the joint meeting of the two houses, an Associate Justice 
of the Supreme Court, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the 
resignation of Judge Chetwood. In 1803, after the death 
of Cliief-Justice Kinsey, he was elected Chief-Justice, and 
was twice afterwards re-elected, thus passing a period of 
twenty-seven years on the bench of that court, a longer ser- 
ice than any other judge, except Isaac Smith, who only 
exceeded him by one year. While Chief-Justice he was 
elected, in 1820, a member of the Legislative Council, the 
old constitution of the State allowing such a practice ; but 
the session was a brief one, lasting but four weeks, and 
eventually adjourning without day. His term expired in 
1S24, and he passed the remainder of his days in compara- 
tive retirement, rarely appearing in court, though he oc- 
casionally was called upon to give professional advice to 
some of his old clients. He was noted for his deep knowl- 
edge of the old English common law, especially of all that 
relating to the law of real estate ; and his opinions in various 
cases, where the latter were called in question, are regarded 
as models of deep learning, sound reasoning and polished 
language. He became a Trustee of Princeton College in 
1809, and seldom failed in his attendance upon the meet- 
ings of the Board. He was married, in 1792, to Jane, 
daughter of Colonel John Bayard, formerly of Pennsyl- 
vania, and a distinguished officer in the continental army. 
Judge Kirkpatrick died in 1 831. 



^ORNBLOWER, HON. JOSEPH C, LL. D., 
Lawyer and Chief-Justice of New Jersey, was 
born, May 6th, 1777, at Belleville, Essex county, 
in that State, and was the youngest son of the 
Hon. Josiah Hornbloiver. His father was an 
Englishman, and a civil engineer by profession, 
who came to America in 1753. He was a member of the 
Legislature and a delegate to the Continental Congress; he 
died in 1809, aged eighty years. Joseph, although unable 
to obtain a collegiate education, nevertheless received some 
very valuable instruction in the classical academy at Orange, 
and he applied himself closely; his father also freely im- 
parted his mathematical learning. His health from child- 
hood was feeble, and when only sixteen years of age he had 
a paralytic attack, from which he was a considerable time re- 



hours in the study of the law, and subsequently entered the j covering. He subsequently went to New York city, where 
office of William Paterson— afterwards governor— as a regu- j he entered the employ of one of his brothers-in-law, who 
lar student, and was licensed as an attorney in 1785. He 1 was engaged in mercantile business, and remained with him 




.,^ 





BIOGRArillCAL ENXYCLOP.-EDIA. 



some time. *But having resolved to lead a professional life 
lie returned to New Jei-sey, and entered the office of David 
B. Ogden, of Newark, who at that time was becoming a 
prominent advocate, and was subsequently one of the orna- 
ments of the profession in New York city. He studied 
with him for the prescribed term of five years, and was 
licensed as an attorney in February, 1803, becoming a coun- 
sellor in lSo5, and ten years later receiving the highest 
dignity, th.it of serjeant-at-law. Before his admission to 
practice he was associated with his preceptor as a partner ; 
his business soon became a large and valuable one, and he 
early took rank with the first lawyers of the State. In No- 
vember, 1S32, he was appointed, by the joint meeting of 
Council and Assembly, Chief-Justice of the Supreme Court 
of New Jersey, to take the place vacated by the death of 
Chief-Justice Ewing, and w.-is re-elected in 1S39, thus serv- 
ing in that capacity for fourteen years, retiring in 1846. 
His decisions during this period were marked by learning, 
legal acumen and high moral principle; they occupy several 
volumes of the " New Jersey Law Reports." His well- 
known decision, in 1856, that Congress had no right to pass 
a fugitive slave law, was one which, though reversed, at- 
tracted much attention. In 1844 he was one of the most 
prominent members of the convention called to frame a 
new constitution for the State ; and he strenuously en- 
deavored to obtain the insertion of a clause putting an end 
to slaveiy in the State, in which, however, he was unsuc- 
cessful. After his retirement from the bench he resumed 
the practice of his profession, but not to any very appreci- 
able extent. During his incumbency as Chief-Justice the 
College of New Jersey conferred on him the honorary 
degree of Doctor of Laws ; and in 1 847 he was, by the 
trustees of that institution, appointed the Professor of Law, 
with the hope that he would remove to Princeton and assist 
in building up a permanent school of law; but as no pro- 
vision had been made for an adequate salary, and as he was 
unwilling to leave a residence where he had passed so 
many years, although he accepted the appointment and 
delivered a course of lectures, there was not sufficient en- 
couragement given him to remain, and he soon after resigned 
the chair. Politically he was a Federalist, and afterwards 
became a Whig, and more recently a Republican ; he was 
a strong anti-slavery man, as evinced by his attempt, as 
already st.ited, to insert in the St.ate constitution a clause 
abolishing that institution. In 1856 he was Chairman of 
the New Jersey delegation and Vice-President of the Phila- 
delphia Convention, which nominated General Fremont for 
the Presidency on the Republicm ticket. In 1820 he was 
one of the Electors, and cast his vote for James Monroe, 
and in i860 was President of the Electoral College of New 
Jersey, who cast the vote of that State for Lincoln and 
Hamlin. Religiously, he was for many years a member of 
the Presbyterian Church, and a ruling elder of the same; 
he was one of the original members of the American Bible 
Society; President of the New Jersey Colonization Society; 



President of the Society for Promoting Collegiate and Theo- 
logical Education in the West ; and also President of the 
New Jersey Historical Society from its inception, besides 
being connected with many of the religious organizations 
of the day, contributing largely of his means to their fur- 
therance and support. In private life he w.as a gentleman 
of urbane manners, a good conversationalist and an inter- 
esting companion. He was a thoroughly honest and truth- 
ful man, and ail with whom he was brought in contact 
were charmed with his society and his happily expressed 
sentiments. When a young man, and just admitted to the 
bar, he married a granddaughter of Dr. William Burnet, 
who brought him a large family of children, most of whom 
survived him. She died many years ago. After he had 
been a widower for some time he married a daughter of 
Colonel John Kinney, of Morris county, with whom he 
lived most happily, and who soothed his declining years 
with the most tender attention. He died at his residence, 
in the city of Newark, June I Ith, 1864, in the eighty-eighth 
year of his age. 



ORRIS, THEODORE FRELIXGHUVSEN, 
M. D., Physician, of Jersey City, was born in 
New Brunswick, New Jersey, December 30lh, 
1S31. He is descended from revolutionary stock, 
his great-grandfather, Jonathan T. Morris, having 
been a commissioned officer in the revolutionary 
army, who was wounded in the battle of Trenton and died 
at the head-quarters of General Lafayette, at Morristown, 
New Jersey. Theodore's father, William Cullen Morris, 
was a native of New Jei-sey, and a lawyer. For thirty years 
he served as Prosecutor of the Pleas for Warren County, in 
his native State, having his residence at Belvidere. It w.is 
at the classical academy at this place that Theodore F. Mor- 
ris received his education. The habits of hard work and 
patient study which characterized him later in life were 
early formed, and enabled him to obtain from his academic 
course of study such abundant residts as do not often follow 
more ample opportunities. It was almost a foregone con- 
clusion that he should enter the medical profession. His 
grandfathers, both on the father's and the mother's side, 
had been physicians, and had both held the position of 
President of the New Jersey State Medical Society. It 
seemed the natural thing for him to do, therefore, to study 
medicine; and accordingly, when he had reached the 
age of eighteen, he commenced a course of preparatory 
reading. In the winter of 1S54 and 1855 he matriculated 
at the Univei-sity of New York. There he took the fullest 
adv.intage of the opportunities afforded him, studied hard 
and m.ide excellent progress. In the .spring of 1855, after 
passing examination before the Bo.ird of Censoi-s, he was 
licensed by the New Jersey State Medical Society to prac- 
tise as a physician. He at once settled in Jersey City, and 
there entered upon a professional career which has been 



78 



BIOGRAPHICAL EXCYCLOP.'EDIA. 



chnracterized by constant and progressive success. He was 
admiraMy adapted by nature to the profession he had 
chosen, and his culture and acquirements were already 
large. He speedily became known as a careful and skilful 
practitioner, who conquered the confidence of the com- 
munity, and hence he was soon the possessor of a large and 
valuable patronage. He continued his habits of close study, 
and thereby kept himself abreast of his profession in its most 
advanced progress. As a result his patronage grew, and he 
rose rapidly and steadily to a high rank in his profession, 
which he has always maintained and in which he has the 
cordial recognition of his professional brethren and of the 
community at large. In the winter of 1862 and 1863 he 
attended a course of lectures at Bellevue College, receiving 
a diploma from that institution in the spring of 1863. He 
is a leading member of the District Medical Society of 
Hudson, and has several times served as the delegate of 
that society to the State Medical Society. He was a dele- 
gate to the convention of the American Medical Associa- 
tion, held in June, 1876. He was one of the organizers 
of the Jersey City Charity Hospital, and serves on its medi- 
cal staff. He is also one of the staff of the Hudson County 
Church Hospital. He acted on the staff of St. Francis' 
Hospital from the time of its organization up to July, 1S73. 
For several years he was Physician to the Children's Home 
in Jersey City, and for a number of years acted as City 
Physician. In the early stage of his practice he served a 
term of three years as Coroner of Hudson County. In 
1863, when the call was made for am^y surgeons, he at once 
offered his services, but his efforts to be placed on active 
duly at " the front " were unsuccessful. He is enthusiasti- 
cally devoted to his profession, and frequently contributes 
to its literature. He was married in 1855 to Gertrude 
Johnson, a granddaughter of Stephen Vreeland. 



ROWX, HOX. THO^tAS S. R., Merch.-int, Key- 
port, was born in Middlesex county. New Jersey. 
His father, Benjamin L. Brown, by occupation 
a farmer and builder, and his mother, whose 
maiden name was Susan Brown, were both na- 
tives of the same State. His youth was passed 
on his father's farm, and his education was obtained during 
this period in the county public schools. When sixteen 
years of age he was placed to learn the mason's trade, and 
upon acquiring this he embarked in the coasting trade, in 
which he was engaged for two years. In the winter of 1846 
he settled in Keyport, New Jersey, where he went into 
business as a mason and builder. This, with marked and 
constant success, he continued up to 1864, when he entered 
mercantile life, dealing mainly in hardware, lumber and 
coal. He has always been an active and influential Dem- 
ocrat, and as such was elected one of the first commissioners 
of Keyport, a position which he held during 1870 and 1871. 



He was a Chosen Freeholder for three years,- and in 1866 
and 1867 was elected by his party to the Legislature, where 
he served with good effect for two terms, and headed the 
Committee on Engrossed Bills the second year. He has 
been identified with all efforts to secure local improve- 
ments, and is esteemed as an active, public-spirited citizen, 
an excellent official and progressive merchant. 



COTT, JOSEPH WARREN, LL. D., Lawj-er, 
late of New Brunswick, New Jersey, was born, 
November 28lh, 1778, in that town, and was the 
son of Dr. Moses Scott, and the grandson of 
John Scott, a native of Scotland, who emigrated 
to America at an early date, settling in Bucks 
county, Pennsylvania. Prior to the revolutionary war Dr. 
Scott removed to New Brunswick, where he resided until 
his death, engaged in the practice of medicine. During the 
war for independence he was professionally engaged in the 
army, and was present at the battles of Princeton and Bran- 
dywine. He was created, by a special act of Congress, 
Senior Physician and Surgeon of the General Army Hos- 
pit.il of the Middle District. He was a warm and intimate 
friend of Generals Washington and Warren. The latter, it 
will be remembered, was a physician, and fell at the battle 
of Bunker Hill. Dr. Scott had given his eldest son the 
name of the patriot physician, but the child died in its in- 
fancy, and he continued the name to his second son. The 
latter attended the schools of his native town, and also at 
Elizabethtown, preparatory to entering college. He gradu- 
ated at Princeton, in 1795, before he had attained the age 
of seventeen years. He first appears to have selected the 
medical profession as his future role, and became a student 
in his father's office. He soon abandoned this, and then 
entertained the idea of becoming a clergyman. After a 
short course in theology he again changed his mind, and 
resolved to embrace the legal profession. With this view 
he entered the office of General Frederick Frelinghuysen, 
in New Brunswick, and was licensed as an attorney in 
1801, becoming a counsellor three years later, and was 
finally made a serjeant-at-law in i8l6. After his admission 
to the bar, in :8oi,he commenced practice in his native 
city, in which he continued to reside until the end of his 
life. He was a most profound lawyer and able barrister 
and counsellor, and his practice was a large and lucrative 
one. He was appointed Prosecutor of the Pleas for the 
County of Middlesex, but beyond this never held any official 
position. He retired, in a measure, from practice about 
1840; but .-IS late as 1857, when nearly eighty years of age, 
he defended a criminal charged with murder, and made a 
powerful argument against the validity of the indictment. 
He was a supporter of General Jackson for the Presidency, 
and was one of the Electoral College of New Jersey who 
cast their ballots for that candidate in 1824. ■ He was a 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENXVCLOP.i:DIA. 



79 



prominent member of the Order of the Cincinnati, entering 
the New Jersey Society in 1S25, as the eldest surviving sun 
of his father. Dr. Moses Scott. In 1832 he was elected 
Assistant Treasurer of the general society, and in 1838 be- 
came the Treasurer-general. In 1840 he was elected Vice- 
President of the State Society, and in 1844 became its 
President. In 1868, when he had reached the age of four- 
score years and ten, he was present at the inauguration of 
Rev. Dr. James McCosh as President of the College of New 
Jersey, and with his associate, Judge Herring, were the two 
oldest living graduates of Princeton College. While he was 
a student in that institution the Rev. Dr. John Witherspoon 
was still its president, and as such conferred on him the de- 
gree of Bachelor ot Arts. On this occasion, one of the first 
acts of the new incumbent was to make him the recipient 
of the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws. He was a most 
accomplished gentleman, well versed in the Latin tongue, 
and was wont to correspond with his friends in that lan- 
guage up to his latest year ; he was likewise an excellent 
English scholar, and thoroughly acquainted with the old 
poets. In early life he had been honored by one of the 
governors of the State as a member of his staff, with the 
rank of Colonel ; and by this appellation he was more 
familiarly known. He died in New Brunswick in May, 
1871, having nearly reached the great age of ninety-three 
years. 



Assistant Surgeon of the 2gth New Jersey Volunteers, and 
served with that regiment for a period of nine months. 
With the e.xception of that interval, his residence and prac- 
tice at Matawan have been uninterrupted since his settle- 
ment there after receiving his diploma. He stands high in 
his profession, and the entire confidence of the community 
is accorded to him. He was married, October 25lh, 1864, 
to Cordelia M. Rose, of New York city.' 



HACKLETON, JUDSON G., M. D., Physician, 
of Matawan, was born in Belvidere, New Jersey, 
June i6th, 1836. His father was Hon. Benj.amin 
Shackleton, who, although he was a merchant by 
occupation, for many years occupied the bench of 
Warren county, and who now resides in Jersey 
City. Judge Shackleton's wife was Ellen Stull, a native of 
Pennsylvania. Their son, Judson, received his education 
at the select schools of Belvidere. It was early decided 
that he should enter the medical profession, and accordingly 
when he left school, at the age of eighteen, he entered the 
office of Dr. R. Byington, an old and prominent practitioner 
of Belvidere. He remained here as a student until 1855, 
when he matriculated at the New Vork Medical University. 
His preliminary reading had been diligent and thorough, so 
he entered the institution fully prepared to avail him.self to 
the utmost of every advantage offered. During his univer- 
sity course he continued his close and studious application, 
and his progress was rapid and pronounced. He graduated 
in the spring of 1857, and at once settled at what was then 
Middletown Point, but what is now known as Matawan. 
Here he commenced the practice of his profession, and so 
decided was his natural fitness for his career, and so thor- 
ough had been his preparation for it, that he advanced 
rapidly toward success, and in a comparatively short time 
found himself in the possession of an extensive and lucrative 
practice. He entered the army September 20th, 1862, as 



EMKE, REV. HENRV, of Elizabeth, Clergyman 
and Priest of the Order of St. Benedict, was born, 
July 27lh, 1796, in the Grand Duchy of Meck- 
lenburg, Germany, and is descended from an old 
Lutheran family. He received his education in 
the Colleges and University of Mecklenburg- 
Rostock, and was intended by his family for a medical ca- 
reer. When but a youth and a student he volunteered, as 
did many of his compatriots, to serve in the army against 
Napoleon, and was attached to the corps commanded by 
Blucher, which participated in the battle of Waterloo, and 
there he witnessed the overthrow of the usurper. After the 
war was over he resolved to become a Lutheran clergyman, 
having been reared in that faith ; but the lax ideas then 
prevalent shocked him, as he had been carefully educated 
in one of the strict old palriaichal families, and he left his 
home irresolute. He visited Bavaria, and there came under 
the teaching and advice of some of the leading bishops of 
the Roman Catholic Church, and having resolved to devote 
himself to the priesthood, after a severe course of study was 
ordained in 1826, by the venerable Bishop Sailer, of Ratis- 
bon, in whose diocese he labored for eight years, and then 
sailed for America in 1834, and was at first stationed in 
Holy Trinity Church, Philadelphia, where he remained a 
year; and then became the associate of the Russian Count, 
Demetrius Augustine Gallitzin (whose father was a Russian 
prince, and his mother was a daughter of the celebrated 
general, the Count of Schmettan). Count Gallitzin was one 
who gave up position and fortune, everything, in fact, to 
establish a church in the wilderness of Western Pennsylva- 
nia. Father Lemke was associated with Count Gallitzin for 
five years, and until his death, and then became his 
biographer. He subsequently secured a tract of land in 
Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, and then returned to 
Germany, and brought back with him a colony of monks of 
the Order of St. Benedict, and founded the Abbey of St. 
Vincennes, on the above-mentioned land. This body has 
since grown rapidly, and has three mitred abbots in the 
United States. In the meantime Father Lemke became a 
member of the order, and, leaving the colony in Pennsylva- 
nia in a prosperous condition, went, in 1856, to Kansas, and 
inaugurated a mission of that order in the town of Doniphan, 
which was afterwards transferred to the flourishing priory 
of Atchison, in the same State. In 1859 he left Kan- 



BIOGRAPHICAL EN'CVCI.Or.IiDIA. 



80 

sas and again visited Germany, where he sojourned a year, j 
Returning once more to the United States, in i860, he 
stopped in New Jersey to take charge, for a season, of St. 
Michael's Church, Elizabeth. This parish was in an enfee- 
bled condition, but he brought it safely through all difficul- 
ties, and in the course of five years it had become too small 
t,) accommodate its worshippers. In 1S65 the congregation 
w.as divided, and leaving the German element to retani pos- 
session of the Church of St. Michael, he, with the Irish 
members, commenced the erection of the Convent and 
Church of St. Walburga, which was regularly chartered in 
1868. The convent has a large number of nuns of the 
Order of St. Benedict, and he is their chaplain, besides act- 
ing as pastor to those of his faith in that portion of the city 
of^Elizabeth. On St. Mark's Day, April 25th, 1876, he 
celebrated his golden jubilee, being the fiftieth anniversary 
of his induction into the sacred order of the priesthood, on 
which occasion the little chapel of St. Walburga's Convent 
was the scene of an unwonted display. Both the pastoral 
residence and the chapel itself were decorated with arches 
of green, and the bishops of Newark and Rochester, New 
York, preceded by nearly one hundred priests, escorted the 
venerable father and priest to the church. A solemn high 
mass was sung, a sermon preached by Bishop McQuade, of 
Rochester, who paid a merited tribute to the veteran priest, 
and the benediction was given by Bishop Corrigan, of 
Newark. At the altar a fine golden chalice was presented 
to him by a pupil of the Benedictine nuns, as the offering 
of the sistei-s and their pupils. One of the congregation 
gave an elegant altar; another, a set of vestments; others, 
a fine cope ; and at the dinner, which followed the services, 
Vicar-General Doane, in the name of the clergy of the dio- 
cese, presented the reverend father with a purse containing 
nearly a thousand dollars. Father Lemke has now entered 
his eighty-first year, but is still a hale and hearty man ; his 
appearance is impressive, heightened especially by the long 
white beard, one of the characteristics of his order. 



John R. Conover, nt that time of Red Bank. After two 
years of diligent study he matriculated at the College of 
Physicians and Surgeons, in New York, where he attended 
during the winter course of 1845-46. The next course he 
took at the University of New York, from which he gradu- 
ated in the spring of 1847, receiving therefrom his degree 
of M. D. During this session he also was an attendant at 
the celebrated private school of medicine of Dr. William 
Detmold. Locating himself in Red Bank, he has since 
1847 been engaged in active practice, being associated with 
his brother until that gentleman's removal to Freehold, in 
1S58. During the long period in which Dr. ConovSr has 
been practising in Monmouth county, extending over a term 
of thirty years, he has devoted himself exclusively to his 
noble profession, securing a very extensive patronage, en- 
joying the entire confidence of his numerous patients as 
well as the community at large, and commanding the re- 
spect and esteem of the most disiinguished of his profes- 
sional brethren. He has for many years been a member of 
the Monmouth County Medical Society, was its President 
during one year, and has been several times a delegate to 
the New Jersey State Medical Society. To-day he stands 
among the oldest and most highly esteemed practitioners in 
Monmouth county. He was married, November 25th, 
1863, to Anna Maria Throckmorton, of Red Bank. 



rONOVER, ROBERT R., M. D., of Red Bank, 
(£||| was born in Freehold township, Monmouth 
""III county. New Jersey, October 3d, 1824. His fa- 
ther. Colonel Robert Conover, who died in 1826, 
was a native of the same township, and followed 
agricultural pursuits. He served with ability as 
an officer in the war of 1812. The mother of Robert R. 
Conover was Gertrude Sutphen, also from Monmouth 



(sV^c) 



RAIG, JAMES, M. D., Physician, of Jersey City, 
was born, January 22d, 1834, in the city of Glas- 
gow, Scotland, and is a son of John and Margaret 
(Mdntyre) Craig. He received a preliminaiy 
education in the schools of his native city, and 
when seventeen years of age emigrated to the 
United States, and settled for a while in the Northwest. 
Some time elapsed after his arrival in America before he 
made choice of a profession, but eventually he selected that 
of a physician, and for this purpose entered the office of 
Dr. J. H. Stewart, of St. Paul, Minnesota, where he prose- 
cuted his studies with diligence for about two years. In 
1859 he went to New York city, where he matriculated in 
the medical department of its university, and having passed 
through the two years' curriculum, graduated therefrom in 
the spring of 1861. During the same period he attended a 
course of lectures and study in the celebrated private school 
of Drs. Thomas and Donaghe, of the same city ; and like- 
wise was a participant in two courses of lectures in the New 
York Ophthalmic Hospital, from which latter institution he 
county, and a granddaughter of David Sutphen, one of the ' received a diploma for that special branch of study. He 
revolutionary patriots who fought so nobly in the memora- also attended clinics in the Bellevue and New York Hospi- 
ble battlts of which old Monmouth was the scene. Dr. tals, receiving therefor certificates. After obtaining his de- 
Conover's early education was principally obtained at a gree he selected Jersey City as his future residence, where 
boarding-school and academy in Mount Holly. Being he opened his office in the spring of 1861, and w-here he 
destined for the medical profession, he commenced his 1 has remained ever since, actively engaged in professional 
studies in 1843 under the tuition of his brother, the lale Dr. ! duties, having acquired a large and remunerative practice, 





^^iee</ 



(S^C^c^^ ^,S)> 




BIOGRArillCAL EXCVCI.OP.EDIA. 
and enjoying the confidence of his professional brethren and 1 mathematics, and for neailv sixiv 



of the community at large, lie has been for years a mem 
ber of the District Medical Society of Hudson County, and 
in 1875 ■^^^^ ^ delegate to the New Jersey State Medical 
Society from the first-named body. He was the Attending 
Pliysician of St. Francis' Hospital, when that institutioii was 
in its infancy, and before it was permanently organized. 
The great pressure of other professional duties forced him 
to relinquish hospital service. In the present year {1S76) 
he was elected a memljer of the New York Medico-legal 
Society. He has at various times contributed papers on 
medical subjects for publication, and has ever taken a great 
interest in all that pertains to the advancement of his chosen 
profession in the city of his residence and the State of his 
adoption. He was married, December 2d, 1862, to Catha- 
rine Nicholson, a native of Portree, Isle of Skye, Scotland. 



/ 



;trong, professor theodore, ll. d.. 

late of New Brunswick, was a son of Rev. Joseph 

Strong and Sophia Woodliridge, and was born, 

July 26th, 1790, at South Hadley, Massachusetts. 

He was graduated at Yale College in i8l2, taking 

the prize in mathematics and a high stand in all 
his studies, and at once became tutor in Hamilton College, 
in which institution he was also Professor of Mathematics 
and Natur.al Philosophy from 1S16 to 1827, when he ac- 
cepted the same position at Rutgeis College, which he held 
for thirty-five years, from 1827 to 1862. He was one of the 
original members of the National Academy of Arts and 
Sciences. From the first the whole strength of his distin- 
guished and cultivated powei-s of mind was given to mathe- 
matical studies. The hardest problems, which had lonn- 
baffled the efforts of others for their solution, he liked best 
to attack and conquer. His range, in fact, of mathematical 
investigation and attainment, spread through the highest 
sphere of inquiries wherein Newton and La Place had 
gone before him. He early resolved some difficult ques- 
tions pertaining to the geometiy of a circle, propounded as 
a challenge to all mankind in " Rees' Encyclopcedia," by 
.some distinguished Scotch mathematicians. He completed 
the solution of cubic equations in a truly scientific way which 
none of the European mathematicians had ever been able 
to accomplish. By a most ingenious mode of factoring he 
devised also a method of extracting any root of any integral 
number by a direct process. In 1859 he published a 
" Treatise on Algebra," in which he presented the whole 
science in original forms of his own, a thorough piece of 
solid intellectual masonwork. In the summer of 1867 he 
wrote out largely, if not wholly, at Clinton, New York, a 
volume on the" Differential and Integral Calculus," full of 
new processes and results of his own origination. In this 
splendid treatise he exhibits the highest style of analytic 
power of mind. For fifty years a teacher of the higher I New Jersey, he speedily gained himself a gooil 1 



earnest and successfid 
student of them, he bore with hmi throughout all his long 
life the characteristics of a mafi devoted to the highest and 
best ends of human pursuit. He was industrious, thought- 
ful, simple-minded, humble, cheerful and hapiiy. He was 
a man of remarkable gentleness of spiiii, and at the same 
time of great ardor in his moral ciuiviclions. He abhorred 
shams of all kinds and everything like intrigue and mean 
insinuations and intentions. In conversation, disquisition 
and debate, 0/ all of which he was quite fond, his eyes and 
features were always on the move with life. He was a 
positive patriot, and took a great interest in the political and 
social questions of the times, and occupied always the ad- 
vanced positions of the hour in all matters of .social reform. 
He was a man of full height and breadili in his physique, 
of dark complexion and dark eyes, and of a very intellec- 
tual face. He was always very regular in all his bodily 
habits, and enjoyed generally robust health. He possessed 
a competency of worldly goods from the beginning of his 
professional labors, and wdiile his life was checkered with 
many trials, it abounded in many and great blessings to the 
very end. He was a man of most decided and unwavering 
faith in the Word of God ; the great facts of revealed religion 
stood out as clear to his eye as those of mathematical truth, 
and they were all precious to his heart. He did not in- 
deed join the church of Christ on earth, because of his great 
distrust of his own heart, until a short time before his death ; 
but he everywhere openly confessed Christ among men all 
his days, and w.as a man of childlike faith in Uod and 
prayer, and a great lover of the Bible anti of good men. 
He said to the author of this sketch, when almost eighty 
years of age, when speaking of this beautiful world and of 
our grandly appointed life in it : " We ought to go through 
life shouting." He died at New Brunswick, New Jersey, 
February 1st, 1869. He married, September 23d, J8l8, 
Lucy Dix, of Littleton, Massachusetts, who survived him 
until November, 1875. 



TKOXG, HON. BENJAMIN RUGGLES 
WOODBRIDGE, Counsellor-at-Law and Judge, 
of New Brunswick, w.as born at Clinton, Oneida 
county. New York, February 21st, 1827. He is 
the son of Professor Theodore Strong, whose bio- 
graphical sketch immediately precedes this. 
After a preliminary training, he entered Rutgers College in 
1843, and graduated after a full course in 1847. Develo|i- 
ing an inclination for the law, he began reading for that 
profession under the direction of Hem. John Van Dyke, of 
New Brunswick, but he was not licensed to practise as an 
attorney until 1852, h.aving in the meantime been attracted 
to California in 1S49 by the gold discoveries. He remained 
on the Pacific coast for two years, and was one of the first 
finders of gold in Oregon. On his admission to the bar in 



82 



EIOGRArillCAL KNCYCLOP.EDIA. 



the profession, and during his career Ihereat he was made 
the depositary of various important trusts. For several 
terms, extending in all over ten years, he was Corporation 
Counsel for New Brunswick. He was counsel for the Na- 
tional Bank of New Jersey, and for several large manufac- 
turing companies, and other corporate institutions. At a 
comparatively early period in his professional life he was 
appointed a Notary Pulilic and a Master in Chancery. On 
April 1st, 1874, he was appointed Judge of the Common 
Pleas, Quarter Sessions, and Orphans' Court.;, for Middle- 
sex County, for a term of five years. In politics he is an 
earnest Republican, but he is not a politician in ihe ordinary 
acceptation of the word, though all movements having for 
their object the promotion of the public welfare receive his 
hearty and active support. He was married in 1872 to 
Harriet A., daughter of Hon. Jonathan Hartwell, of Little- 
ton, Massachusetts. 



;EMP.SHALL, rev. EVERARD, D. D., Minister, 
of Elizal)eth, was born in Rochester, New York, 
August 9th, 1830. His father, Thomas Kemp- 
shall, was a merchant of Staines, England, and 
came to this country in 1812, settling in Rochester 
when it was only a forest. He was a man uni- 
versally loved and respected for his integrity of character, 
and represented his district in Congress from 1839 to 1841. 
His wife was Emily Peck, of New Haven, Connecticut. 
Everard, their son, received his education at Williams Col- 
lege, Massachusetts, where he graduated in 1851. He then 
entered upon a theological course at Princeton Seminary, 
gradu.iting in 1855. After completing his theological 
course he entered upon the ministry at Buffalo, where he 
preached two years. He started the Delaware Street Pres- 
byterian Church there, now known as the Calvary Church. 
After leaving Buffalo he preached as " a supply " for two 
years at Batavia, New York. In the year i86i he was 
called to Elizabeth, New Jersey, to take charge of the First 
Presbyterian Church of that place, which pulpit he has since 
continued to fill to the eminent satisfaction of the congrega- 
tion. In 1869 he was a member of the Board of Foreign 
and Domestic Missions. In 1859 he married Charlotte A. 
Eaton, only daughter of Orsamus Eaton, of Troy, New 
Y'ork. The church in which he now ministers is one of the 
oldest Presbyterian churches in the country, having been 
organized more than two hundred years ago. It is sup- 
posed to have been founded very shortly after the settlement 
of the town in 1664-65. The men who founded both the 
town and the church were, with veiy few exceptions, from 
New England. The first minister was Rev. Jeremiah Peck, 
a native of London, England, and one of the early settlers 
Haven, Connecticut. For the first half century of 



of Ne 



its existence the church was an independent one, and became 
Presbyterian not earlier than 1717. It was represented for 
the first time in the Synod of Philadelphia in 1721. From 



1761 to the time of his tragic death in 17S1 the Rev. James 
Caldwell, of revolutionary fame, was pastor of this church. 
He was shot and killed by the British in Elizabeth. The 
graveyard attached to the church contains the remains of 
many illustrious dead. 



rVNEWAY, GEORGE J., A. M., M. D., Physician, 
of New Brunswick, is a native of Philadelphia. 
His parents were Rev. Jacob Janeway, a Presby- 
terian minister, of Philadelphia, and Martha 
(Leiper) Janeway, of Pennsylvania. He received 
his preliminary education at the select schools in 
Philadelphia, and in the year 1826 entered the University 
of Pennsylvania as a medical student. He also prosecuted 
his studies in the office of Dr. Nathaniel Chapman, who 
was at that time Professor of the Practice of Medicine in 
the university. Having completed his university course, 
he went in 1S31 to Paris, where he remained a year, com- 
pleting his medical studies in the best schools of that city. 
Returning to this country he commenced professional prac- 
tice in New York cily. He remained there until 1847, 
when he removed to New Brunswick, New Jersey, where 
he has since resided. He has devoted himself untiringly 
and with eminent success to the practice of his profession, 
and has attained in it a high and acknowledged position. 
He is no less esteeined as a citizen than as a professional 
man, and during 1871 and 1S72 he served as Mayor of the 
city. 



ANEWAY, JACOB J., Manufacturer, of New 
Brunswick, was born in Middlesex county, New 
Jersey, March 15th, 1840. He is the son of Dr. 
George J. Janeway, an old and prominent physi- 
cian of New Brunswick, and of Martha M. 
(Smith) Janeway. He received his preliminary 
education at select schools in New Brunswick, and enteied 
Rutgers College in the year 1855. He remained in that 
institution during a period of four years, and after leaving 
it he entered the service of the Shefiicld Brothers, druggists, 
of New York, as Superintendent of their oil warehouse, in 
Jersey City. About a year later the warehouse was de- 
stroyed by fire, and he returned to New Brunswick. In 
July, 1862, he entered the Union army for the suppression 
of the rebellion. He organized a company of inf.intry in 
New Brunswick, of which he was made Captain, lie, with 
his coinpany, was attached to the 14th Regiment of New 
Jersey Infantiy. The regiment was on detached service in 
Maryland for some time, and subsequently joined the Army 
of the Potomac, at Harper's Ferry. ^Vhen General Grant 
took command of the Army of the Potomac the I4lh w\as 
transferred to the 6th Army Corps, under command of Gen- 
eral Sedgwick, and served through the war. In the fall 
of 1864 Captain Janeway was commissioned M.ajor, after 




Sniuy fui {i.rhiM^'^ 



'fn-i^ .T^d^i^-^^^:^ 



EIOCRAPIIICAL EXCVCLOr.lCDIA. 



S3 



the death of the gallant Major Viedenberijh, and one week 
later he received his comniis^iun as Lieutenant-Colonel, 
and he was brevetted Colonel for bravery at the battle of 
Petersburg, just previous to the surrender of General Lee. 
At llie close of the war he returned to New P.runswick, and 
tliere entered the service of his uncle, H. L. Janeway, as 
Superintendent of the paper-mills there. He continued to 
act in this capacity until 1S72, when he formed the partner- 
ship now existing, of Janeway & Carpenter, for the manu- 
f.icture in all its branches of paper-hangings, which business 
he has successfully prosecuted ever since. Through an 
invention of Colonel Janeway's, patented December 15th, 
1S74, the company are enabled to produce the specially in 
paper-hangings known as the " French drawn stripe." By 
this invention the labor previously done by hand is now 
accomplished by machineiy, and this kind of work, which 
had previously been almost excluded from market on 
account of the expense attending hand-work, is produced 
at a profit. He was married, in November, 1S71, to Eliza 
ILirrington, daughter of Henry L. Harrington, of Phila- 
delphia. 



jOBERTS, REV. \VH.LL\M CHARLES, D. D., 
was born, September 23d, 1832, at Galltmai 
(May's Grove), near Aberystwith, in Cardigan- 
shire, South Wales. His father, Charles Roberts, 
was a well-to-do farmer, of the -class usually 
known there as " country esquires." He was a 
man of more than ordinary education and general intelli- 
gence, having spent some years in college, at Welshpool, 
with the view of becoming a clergyman of the Established 
Church of England. For reasons satisfactory to himself he 
refused to receive holy orders, married and settled down as 
a farmer. He held a number of important offices in the 
shire, and bore the cognomen of Counsellor, on account of 
his extensive knowledge of law. According to what seems 
to be a well-founded tradition, the mother of" the subject of 
this sketch belonged to the Welsh branch of the well-known 
Jonathan Edwards family of this country. She had the 
name of possessing in an eminent degree the strong quali- 
ties of mind and heart common to all the branches of her 
family. After spending some years in a little school near 
his father's house, William Charles was sent to Evan's 
Academy, in town, well known in that section of the prin- 
cipality for the ability of its teachers and the thoroughness 
of its training. It was an institution modelled after the 
celebrated Eton and Rugby schools, in England. Owing to 
the failure in business of relatives, for whom Mr. Roberts 
had become an indorser, he was so embarrassed that he was 
compelled to leave his beautiful home. Rather th.an to 
accept his altered condition among his old friends, he 
resolved to come to this country for eight or ten years, 
landing in New York on the 28th of June, 1849. In less 
than a week after his arrival on these shores himself, wife 



and two children were carried away by the cholera that was 
then raging in the city, leaving behind in a strange couritry 
six orphan children, of whom William was the eldest. In- 
stead of returning home to Wales at the urgent solicitation 
ol relatives and friends, the survi\ ing members of the 
family decided to spend some time in the United .States, two 
or three of the oldest seeking some temporary employment 
to supplement the little incimie left th'em by their parents. 
In the providence of God William was led to Elizabelhtown, 
New Jersey, in September, 1 849, where he entered the 
leather estal)lishment of Mulford Brothers. After seeing 
his way clear to make his home in this country, he entered 
the school of Rev. David H. Pierson, wilfi the view of 
carrying out his original intention before leaving Wales of 
becimiing a lawyer or minister of the gospel. In the fall 
of 1852 he entered the sophomore class in Princeton Col- 
lege, and graduated with honors in 1S55. Al the close of 
the final examination he accepted the appointment of tutor 
in Delaware College, where he discharged the duties of an 
absent professor. He then commenced the study of law, 
under Judge Patton, in Pennsylvania, acting at the same 
time as a private tutor to his children. Convinced that it 
was his duly to become a minister of the gospel, he entered 
the Theological Seminary at Princeton, ami remained there 
through the whole course, graikiallng in 1S5S. Before 
leaving the seminary he had acce|ited a unanimous call to 
succeed the Rev. Stephen R. Wynkoop, as the pastor of the 
First Presbyterian Church, Wilmington, Delaware. He was 
ordained and installed by the Presbytery of New Castle in 
June, 1858. Whilst at Wilmington Mr. Roberts was mar- 
ried to Mary Louise, the only daughter of E. B. Fuller, 
Esq., of Trenton, New Jersey, for many years a well-known 
hanker in Natchez, Mississippi. He was appointed by the 
Synod of Philadelphia one of the Trustees of Lafayette 
College, at Easton, Pennsylvania. In the autumn of iS6i 
he accepted a unanimous call to fill the pulpit of the First 
Presbyterian Church of Columbus, Ohio, rendered vacant 
by the declining health and old age of the Rev. James 
Hoge, D. D. There he acted as Chaplain of the State 
Senate ; a member of a committee in the room of Dr. Iloge 
to found a college, which eventuated in Wooster University, 
and the Moderator of the .Synod of Ohio, in October, 1S64. 
On account of the ill health of Mrs. Roberts, he was advised 
by the best physicians of the place to leave Columbus, and 
seek a settlement on the sea-board, somewhere between New 
York and Washington. He accepted a call to become a 
co-pastor with the Rev. Dr. Magie, of the Second Presby- 
terian Church of Elizabeth, New Jersey. He was installed 
there by the Presbytery of Passaic, in December, 1864. In 
consequence of the rapid growth of the city and the great 
demand for pews in the Second Church, repeated proposi- 
tions were made to enlarge the old edifice, but they did 
not meet the views of the majority of the congregation. As 
the people could not agree on a plan for enlarging the exist- 
ing church, it was deemed advisable to colonize and occujiy 



S4 



EIOGRAPmCAL ENCYCLOr.EDIA. 



Ihe inviting field then opening fov a Pie'-liytcrian church 
north of the New Jersey Central Railroad. Ninety-three 
members of the Second Church, and seven from otlier 
churches out of town, were organized, January 31^1, 1S06, 
into what is called the Westminster Presbyterian (_'liurcli of 
Elizabeth. They gave a unanimous call to the Rev. Wil- 
li im C. Roberts, then pastor of the mother congregation. 
I5y advice of prominent members of Presbytery, he accepted 
the call, and was installed March 7th, 1 866. The pros- 
perity of the church under his pastorate has been very 
marked. Its roll of members has swelled from one hun- 
dred to four hundred and seventy-five, exclusive of those 
Liken avv.-iy by death and removals. They have erected, on 
the corner of Westminster avenue and . Prince street, 
perhaps the finest church edifice in the .State of New- 
Jersey, costing, independent of the large tower, about 
j!i75,ooo, all paid for. They have contributed also to out- 
side and benevolent objects over jSloo.OOO. Mr. Roberts 
was elected a Trustee of Princeton College in June, 1866; 
appointed by the first General Assembly of the united 
church one of the original members of its Board of Home 
Missions in May, 1S69; he was made Chairman of the 
deputation sent to the Free Church of Scotland for the year 
1874 ; a member of the Assembly's committee to consider 
the propriety of holding a general Presbyterian council ; he 
was honored with Ihe title of D. D. by Union College, 
Schenectady, New York, in June, 1872; he was elected by 
acclamation the Moderator of the Synod of New Jersey in 
October, 1875, and appointed a member of the first Pan 
Presbyterian Council to meet in Edinliurgh, July 3d, 1877. 



oA'c^ARKER, p. C, M. V)., Physician, of Morris 
town, was born, 1S35, in Oneida county. New' 
York, and is a son of G. W. Barker, a merchant, 
whose wife was a Miss Coe; both parents being 
also natives of New York State. Jle received 
a thorough academical education, and in 185G 
commenced the study of medicine in the office of Dr. .S. G. 
Wolcott, of Utica, New York, who holds high rank as an 
eminent surgeon. He likewise attended the regular course 
of lectures delivered at the College of Physicians and 
Surgeons, in New York city, from which institution he 
graduated in March, i860, with the degree of Doctor of 
Medicine. He subsequently becune an Assistant Physician 
at Bellevue Hospital, where he passed a year. Tn iSfii he 
commenced the practice of medicine at Cold Sr>i'i"S. I^i"- 
nam county. New York, being associated with Dr. T. D. 
Lente. This copartnership continued until 186S, when it 
was dissolved. He then removed to Morristown, New 
Jersey, where he settled, and has since been engaged in the 
control of an extensive medical practice, and is regarded as 
one of the leading physici.ans of that place. lie has filled 
both the office of Vice-President and President of the 



County Medical Society, and President of the Masonic 
Hall Association. He w.as married in 1S63 to Anna E., 
dausihter of David L. Barton, of New York. 



Or, 



^^ 



AN ANTWERP, JAMES, Dentist, of New Bruns- 
wick, was born, June igih, 1S35, in the city of 
New York, and is a -son of William and Jane 
C-l^''. (McCollough) Van Antwerp of that city, where 
the former was engaged in the hardware business. 
His mother was a daughter of Colonel William 
McCullough, of Asbury, New Jersey. James at first attended 
a select school in his native city, and subsequently was a 
pupil for three years in an academy at Port Coklen, New 
Jersey. He was afterwards placed in a school at Hacketts- 
town, and completed his studies at the celebrated academy 
of Mr. Vanderveer, in Easton, Pennsylvania. He com- 
menced the study of dentistry under Drs. Miller & Cook, 
of Brooklyn, New York, where he became ftdly acquainted 
with the qualifications necessary to be attained in that voca- 
tion. He selected New Brunswick as his future field, and 
for four years was associated with Dr. A. D. Newell, since 
which time he has practised his profession alone. He was 
married, November 1st, 1865, to Phebe R. Stout, daughter 
of Lewis Stout, of New Brunswick, who died March 
6th, 1871. He was again married, April 29th, 1874, to 
Catharine, daughter of William W. Cannon, and grand- 
daughter of James Spencer Cannon, deceased, formerly a 
professor in the Theological Seminary at New Brunswick. 



CKINLAY', WILLIAM, Builder and Real-Estate 
Operator, of Elizabeth, was born, December iSth, 
■^'?'Ji[i ^^'4» '" Dalmelington, Ayrshire, Scotland, and is 
(^ ^,_^ a son of Alexander and Mary (McAdam) Mc- 
Kintay. His education w.is received at home, 
and he subsequently learned the trade of a car- 
lie emigrated to America in the autumn of 1838, 
and settled in Venango county, Pennsylv.ania, where he 
devoted himself to agricultural pursuits and building, and 
was also engaged in a mercantile business. During the 
years 1S63, 1864 and 1 865 he was Postmaster at Stewart's 
Run, Venango county. In 1866 he removed to Elizabeth, 
New Jersey, where he became interested in real-estate ope- 
r.ations, and still continues to reside. He was elected a 
member of the Assembly in 1872 from Union county. Dur- 
ing that session he introduced a bill which after a bitter 
contest became a law. This bill created a comptroller to 
advance the interests of the city, curtailing expenses and 
extravagant outlay. He also served during this session as 
Chairman of the Committee on Stationeiy. He was re- 
elected in 1S73 and in 1S74. During these sessions he was 
in both years Chairm.an of the Committee on Municipal 



BIOGRArillCAL EXCYCLOr.EDIA. 



8S 



Corporations, and in the latter year was a member of the 
joint Committee on the Treasurer's" Account and Stole 
Prisons. He was a delegate to the State Gubernatorial 
Convention in 1S74; and also a delegate in 1876 to a con- 
vention held in Trenton to choose delegates to the Advi- 
sory Convention, which met in Philadelphia during that 
year. lie is a Director in the National State Bank of 
Elizabeth; also of the Elizabeth Fire and Marine Insurance 
Company, and of the Mechanics' Savings Bank. He takes 
an active interest in all public improvements,.but, at the 
same time, believes that in cautious action resides a great 
safeguard to the public welfare, and that no more improve- 
ments should be entered into than the times and credit of 
the city warrant. He was married, March 4lh, 1841, to 
Maiy Louisa Abbott, of New York. 



^\SSAR, REV. THOMAS EDWIN, Clergyman 
and Pastor of the Flemington Baptist Church, was 
born, December 3d, 1S34, at Poughkeepsie, New 
York, and is the son of William and Mary (Hoge- 
nian) Vassar, of that city. There came to the 
United Slates from England in 1796, two bro- 
thers, James and Tliomas Vassar ; the former was the father 
of Matthew Vassar, the founder of Vassar College ; while 
the latter was the father of William Vassar, and grand- 
father of Rev. T. E. Vassar. The latter, while preparing to 
enter college in his native place, was prevented from so 
doing on account of family misfortunes, which threw heavy 
cares on him as the eldest son. Having early in life de- 
termined to devote himself to the Gospel ministry, he com- 
menced his theological studies with his former pastor, the 
Rev. Rufus Babcock, D. D., ex-president of Waterville 
College. When twenty-two years of age, he was ordained 
a minister of the Baptist church, at Poughkeepsie, and sup- 
plied the congregation there for one year, declining a call 
to become its permanent pastor. He commenced pastoral 
duties, however, at Amenta, Dutchess county, having re- 
ceived and accepted a call from the society there, and re- 
moved thither in 1857, and was settled there for eight years. 
During this period the congregation granted him one year's 
leave of absence, and this one year he devoted to service in 
the field, as Chaplain of the 150th Regiment New Ym-k 
Volunteers. His regiment was mustered into the service in 
1862, was attached to the Army of the Potomac till the au- 
tumn of 1863, and participated in the severe campaigns of 
that command, including the battle of Gettysburg. In 1863 
he returned to his charge at Amenia, where he continued 
until 1S65, when he received and accepted a call to the 
pastorate of the First Baptist Church of Lynn, Massachu- 
setts. In 1872 he removed to Flemington, New Jersey. 
having decided to become the pastor of the congregation 
in that town, where he still rem.ains. Here, as in his 
former fields of labor, he has been eminently successful. His 



lecture, entitled "Gettysburg," is one of the finest produc- 
tions of its kind, and has been delivered to many large and 
appreciative audiences. He is President of th? Baptist .Sun- 
day School Union of New Jersey, and is an e.irnest and 
efficient laborer in that cause. He was married in 1861 to 
Tamraa G. Sackett, of Stanford, Dutchess county. New 
York. 

(.TllttlLSON, REV. EDWARD, Pastor of the St. 
James Methodist Episcopal Church, New Bruns- 
wick, New Jersey, was born, July 25th, 1S20, in 
c/.j'if^ the town of Liverpool, England. One of his 
C' ii grandfathers practised law in the city of New 
York in 17SS. He was educated by a private 
tutor, and also had the advantages of study and school 
under one of the best Oxford masters. Afterwards he read 
law and studied militaiy engineering under Generals Pasley 
and Sandham. In 1840 he came to the United States, 
where he remained until 1847; during that period he was 
licensed to preach by the Methodist Episcopal Church in 
Indiana in 1846. On his return to England he was for 
some years a District Superintendent of the British and 
Foreign Bible .Society, in the Cornwall and Devon district. 
For thirteen years subsequently he was the Secretary of the 
Country Towns Mission Society, London, established by 
David Nasmith, the founder of City and Town Missions. 
He also edited the monthly magazine of the society during 
that period, and increased the society's income from $30,000 
to 855,000 per annum. He returned to the United Stales 
in 1SO9, and settled in Metuchen, New Jersey, whence he 
was called to the pastorate of St. James Methodist Episcopal 
Church, New Brunswick, and found the congregation la- 
boring under financial disaster, their church edifice having 
been seized by the sheriff for debt. By his personal influ- 
ence and exertions he extricated the building from the 
clutches of the law and placed the property on a sound 
basis. He was married to an American lady in 1844, dur- 
ing his first visit to this country. 



U3 

:ilLLEN, FORREST A., M. D., of Bound Brook, 
was born in Poughkeepsie, New York, March 
r 1 1 ll 23d, 1S52, his father being Joseph GiUen, a prom- 
<,.-;->J/ jnent merchant of that place. He was educated 
'^''-^■'i in the common schools, graduating at the Pough- 
'^ keepsie High School in 1870, after passing with 
distinction through its various courses of study. Selecting 
from the professions then presented him that of medicine as 
his only choice, he entered with avidity upon its study in 
the office and under the direction of Dr. Kissam, Police 
Surgeon, of Brooklyn. In the year and a half spent by him 
under this practitioner's care he made rapid progress both 
in the theory and practice of medicine, and was well quali- 



S6 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOr.€DIA. 



lied in all requisite prepiirator)' knowledge when enrolled 
as a matriculant in the New York University in 1872. In 
this institution he studied three years, graduating from it 
in Februaiy, 1S75, with the rank of third in a class of one 
hundred and twenty-four. Soon after receiving his degree 
Dr. Gillen removed to Bound Brook, New Jersey, and com- 
menced at once his professional duties, associating for some 
time with Dr. Fields. Since the close of 1875 he has prac- 
tised alone, and is gathering around him a large clientele. 
Though a young man he has already acquired reputation as 
a careful and skilful practitioner, and no other physician in 
the same locality enjoys to a greater degree the confidence 
of those for whom he has been called to prescribe. A 
number of important operations testify to his ability as a 
surgeon. Dr. Gillen is an earnest student and a practitioner 
of progressive impulses, and certainly none other, of his 
age, has brighter professional prospects. 



ILMARTH, FRANK, A. M., M. D., Physician, 
of East Orange, was born, March 2Slh, 1S41, in 
Smithfield, Rhode Island, and is a son of The- 
ophilusW. and Delia A. (Mowry) Wilmarth,both 
natives of that State, where his father was a manu- 
facturer of cotton goods. When Frank was five 
years old, his pai"ents removed to Oxford, Massachusetts, 
where he obtained his preliminary education. At about 
sixteen years of age he was engaged as a teacher of mathe- 
matics at Rutgers College Grammar School, in New Bruns- 
wick, thus enabling him to prepare himself at the same time 
to enter college; and he continued a teacher for about three 
years. Having selected medicine as his future profession, 
he commenced his studies and had attended one course of 
lectures at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New 
York, when he entered the United States service in 1864, 
and for three years was engaged in the Surgeon-General's 
Department, at W.ishington. During his occupancy of that 
position he received the honorary degree of Master of Arts, 
which was conferred upon him by Rutgers College. While 
a resident of Washington he entered the office of Dr. 
Thomas .■\ntisell, professor of physiology in the George- 
town Medical College, and a member of the examining 
board for surgeons and assistant surgeons of the United 
States volunteer service. In the spring of iS68 he com- 
pleted his medical studies, and graduated from the College 
of Physicians and Surgeons, New York. Shortly after re- 
ceiving the degree of Doctor of Medicine, he became House 
Physician to the Colored Home Hospital. In the autumn 
of 1S69 he located at East Orange, where he has since prac- 
tised his profession, meeting with good success, and is now 
in the control of an extensive medical business, taking much 
nuerest in all those matters which tend to promote the 
honor of the medical fraternity. He is a member of the 
Essex County Medical Society, and has been its reporter for 



the past five years. He has also been a delegate to the 
New Jersey State Medical Society for the same period of 
time. He is also a member of the Essex Medical Union, 
and of the New Jersey Academy of Medicine. He is one 
of the visiting Sui'geons to St. Barnabas' Hospital, Newark, 
and also to the Orange Memorial Hospital. He is a mem- 
ber of the Medical Advisory Board of the Mutual Benefit 
Life Insurance Company of Newark, succeeding the late 
Dr. WoodhuU in that board. He was married, April 30th, 
1S74, to Esther P., daughter of Alden Sampson, of New 
York city. 



•(s^ 



ULLEN, THOMAS FRANKFORD, M. D., of 
Camden, was born in Philadel])hia, Pennsylvania, 
September 3d, 1822, being the son of Thomas 
Cullen, a sea-captain, who for many years was en- 
gaged in the India trade. His father was a na- 
tive of Tr.appe, Pennsylvania, and his mother, tice 
Margaret Frankford, was born near Philadelphia. When 
quite young, his parents removed to Mount Holly, Burling- 
ton county. New Jersey, and it was in that town he received 
his elementary education. In 1S39 he returned to Philadel- 
phia, where, in the office of Dr. Eber Chase, he commenced 
the study of medicine pieparatory to a collegiate course. 
In 1840 he matriculated in the medical department of the 
University of Pennsylvania, and in 1S44 graduated with 
honor. Upon leaving this venerable institution he settled 
in Newark, Delaware, where he practised with gratifying 
success until 1847. In 1849 he removed to Camden, New 
Jersey, where he has ever since resided, and where his pro- 
fessional duties, which have claimed his constant attention, 
have secured to him the reputation of being one of the 
ablest practitioners in the State. He is a leading member of 
the Camden County Medical Society, a Fellow of the New 
Jersey State Medical Society, having in 1870 served as its 
President; and has labored with ability and success to pro- 
mote the interests of his profession in his county and State. 
His practice embraces both medicine and surgery, and in 
both branches he h.is achieved distinction. He holds a 
membership in the Delaware State Medical Society, and has 
the merit of having been one of the incorporators of the 
Camden Hospital. His contributions to the science of 
which he is an exponent have been important, and in num- 
ber considerable. He was married in 1858 to Elizabeth 
Stout, of New Jersey. 



Z EAN, JOHN, Bank President, of Elizabelhtown, 

was born at Ursine, near Elizabethtown, March 

27th, 1S14. His father was Peter Kean, of the 

^-^'f) same place, and his mother was one of the Morris 

^7- family of New Y'ork, granddaughter of Louis 

Morris, one of the signers of the Declaration of 

Independence. His education was received at Princeton 



BIOGRArillCAL ENXVCLOP.EDIA. 



S7 



College, and afler liis grailualion he studieil law w iili Gov- 
ernor Pennington, of New Jersey, bnt never entered u]ion 
professional practice. For a period he was on Governor 
Pennington's staff, with the rank of Colonel. He has al- 
ways continued to reside at Ursino, and is identified with all 
the leading interests of Elizabetlitown and vicinity. A man 
of fine abilities, high culture and eminent social position, he 
occupies a prominent and leading position as a public- 
spirited and influential citizen, enjoying the fullest confi- 
dence and the highest esteem of the entire community. He 
was one of the founders, and was the first President of the 
Central Railroad of New Jersey, and is now acting as New 
Jersey Director of that company. He is President of the 
National State Bank, of Elizabethtown, and is connected 
in various capacities with numerous other institutions. In- 
deed, he has been and continues to be identified with most 
of the moneyed institutions of Elizabeth. He was active 
in the foundation of many of these institutions, and in others 
his interest was inherited. His duties in connection with 
these various enterprises occupy his time and attention fully, 
and he takes no active interest in politics, and has never 
sought or held public office of any kind. He is one of the 
wealthiest men in New Jersey, and enjoys the rare distinc- 
tion of rendering his great wealth beneficial to the l"ullest 
extent to the community surrounding him. He is married 
to a daughter of Caleb O. Halstead, of New York. 



c)g(VlMOXSON, JACOB, D. D. S., of Newark, was 
"^N m. born on Slaten Island, Richmond county. New 
York, March 8th, 1844. His parents were Jacob 
and Caroline (Jacques) Simonson. His educa- 
tion, preliminary to his professional studies, was 
carefully conducted in the public schools and 
academy at his home, and finally at Kingston Academy, 
Pennsylvania. His studies in these institutions were com- 
prehensive, and admirably fitted him for his pursuit of pro- 
fessimal science. In 1S6S he entered the office of Dr. C. 
E. Francis, a celebrated practitioner in New York city, and 
under his preceptorship made ra]>id and thorough progress 
in his study of dentistry during the two years he remained 
wiih him. In 1S70 he w.as entered on the rolls of the Phil.i- 
del|jhia Dental College, and at the commencement of 1S71 
graduated with honors. The theses prepared by him on 
that occasion were highly commended for their thorough- 
ness in research and their application of methods in profes- 
si inal duties. He supplemented this study by two courses 
of lectures on descriptive anatomy, at the Philadelphia 
.School of Anatomy, in Philadelphia, and by a course of 
me lic.al surgery at Blockley Almshouse, under Dr. William 
H. P.incoast and others. In the summer of this year he 
commenced the practice of his profession in New York city, 
and in the fall transferred his office to a more promising 
field in Newark, where he has since labored with no ordi- 



naiy degree of success. His researches and studies In a 
constantly expanding science, his care and attention when 
called to act or consult, his fre((uent contributions to the 
literature of medicine and dental surgery, have all combined 
to raise him to a leadership in his profession in the cily of 
his residence. He was married in 1S71 to Jane Medora 
Haughwont, of Port Richmond, Stalen Island. 



WEN, FRED WOOSTER, M. D., of Morristown, 
was born, October 6th, 1S40, on Martha's A'ine- 
yard, Massachusetts. His father. Captain William 
W. Owen, descended from one of the oldest set- 
tlers in New England, was born at Wiscassctt, 
Maine, and for many years commanded vessels in 
the foreign trade. His mother, Adeline Woosler (descended 
from Major-General David Wooster, who was killed in the 
revolutionary battle of Danbury, Connecticut, and a daugh- 
ter of Abel Wooster, M. D., born in Stratford, Connecticut) 
was born in New York city, and after a life to whose woilh 
and beauty all bore tribute, died at Port Jefferson, I.ong 
Island, June 29th, 1867. Dr. Owen attended the French 
School of the Christian Brothers, the German School of 
Saint Matthew, and Public School, No. i, in New York, 
Mr. Hines' school in Warren, Connecticut, and Saint Mark's 
Hall, Orange, New Jersey. From 1S55 to 1859 he prose- 
cuted classical studies in the Gymnasia of Neuchatel, .Swit- 
zerland, and Leipsig, Germany. From October, 1859, to 
May, i85l, he was assistant bookkeeper in foreign houses 
in New York. In June and July, 1861, he recruited sixty 
volunteers for the 2d New York Fire Zouaves, and went 
with that regiment to the w.ar. November I2lh, 1861, he 
was commissioned Second Lieutenant, 3Sth New York Vol- 
unteers. The following extracts from his militai'y history 
are taken from the records of the United States Signal Corps, 
and from papers on file in the War Department at Washing- 
ton : " Was detached for signal duty by Brigadier-General 
John Sedgwick, December 24lh, 1S61, and reported lor said 
duty to Major Albert J. Myer, signal officer of the army at 
Signal Camp of Instruction, Georgetown, District of Colum- 
bia, January ist, 18O2;" " February 24lh, 1S62, was or- 
dered to report for signal duty to Geneial Hooker, on the 
lower Potomac;" "Lieutenant Owen acted as a Signal 
Officer during the entire Peninsular campaign, and was fre- 
quently mentioned by his commanding officer for efficiency, 
zeal and gallantry;" "October 23d, 1S62, Lieutenant 
Owen was, by virtue of General Orders No. 42, issued from 
Head-quarters United Stales Signal Corps, Camp near Har- 
rison's Landing, Virginia, July 23d, 1862, awarded a set of 
'battle flags,' inscribed ' Yorktown ' and ' West Point,' for 
having gallantly carried and used his signal flags in those 
battles;" "For services at the battle of Antielam and on 
the pursuit to Shepherdstown, Virginia, Second Lieutenant 
F. W. Owen occupied the front near Rutlett's House, and 



ss 



BIOGRAP;nCAL ENXYCLOr.EDIA. 



bravely maintained it for some hours under an artillery 
fire." He was promoted to First Lieutenant, 3Sth New- 
York Volunteers, December ist, 1S62. Captain B. F. 
Fisher, Acting Signal Officer, in a report dated December 
iSth, 1862, and covering the battle of Fredericksburg, Vir- 
ginia, says : " It gives me pleasure to mention the courage 
displayed and the marked attention given to duty, under the 
fire of the enemy, by Lieutenant Owen." Upon the expi- 
ration of the term of service of the 3Sth New York Volun- 
teers, early in 1863, the regiment was mustered out, and 
Lieutenant Owen, having received authority to have the ad- 
ditional names of " Fort Powhattan," "Antietara," and 
'■ Fredericksburg" inscribed upon his battle flags, severed, 
with honor, his connection with the Signal Corps. Imme- 
diately after this, upon the recommendation of his colonel, 
and of Generals Sedgwick and Howard, he was ap- 
pointed by President Lincoln, Captain and C. S. Vol- 
unteers, and continued to serve with the Army of the 
Potomac in the field from April 30th, 1S63, to November 
30th, 1S64, when disease, contracted in the service, com- 
pelled his resignation upon surgeon's certificate of disability, 
and he was honorably discharged from the service. The 
following, from his immediate commander, covers his career 
in his new field of service : " West Point, New York, Janu- 
ary 2d, 1867. Brevet Major Fred Wooster Owen served 
for a long time under my command in the 2d Division, 2d 
Army Corps, Army of the Potomac. Pie was most con- 
scientious and assiduous in the performance of his various 
duties, particularly indefatigable in campaign movements, 
and most enterprising. I respected him as an officer and as 
a man. Alex. S. Webb, Lieutenant-Colonel and Brevet 
Major-General United States Army." At the close of the 
war Captain Owen received from the United States the 
brevet of Major, and from the State of New York the brevet 
of Lieutenant-Colonel, both commissions being " for gallant 
and meritorious services during the war." In May, 1865, 
he received from General Howard an appointment in the 
Freednien's Bureau. While in Washington, and outside of 
the government hours, he continued his medical studies 
commenced the previous year, and attended through the 
winters of 1865-66 and 1866-67 'he courses of lectures of 
I lie medical faculty of Georgetown College. July 1st, 1866, 
he received the appointment as Chief Clerk of the Freed- 
nien's Bureau, and, March 5th, 1867, the degree of M. D. 
from his Alma MaUr. August 14th, 1867, he resigned his 
position in Washington, and was married to Louisa M. 
(;raves, of Brooklyn, a graduate of the Packer Institute. 
Rufas R. Graves, his wife's father, was born in Sunderland, 
Massachusetts, November 6th, 1807. In 1830 he removed 
with his Hither to Macon, Georgia, and there established a 
successful business. In 1842 he removed to New York 
city, and established himself in abusiness from which he re- 
tired, .after an eminently successful career, in 1S73. He 
was one of the earliest promoters and managers of the Dela- 
ware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad, a Director of the 



New Jersey Zinc Company, and of several New York in- 
surance companies. He was interested in all patriotic and 
benevolent enterprises, and contributed liberally to their 
support. He died, August 17th, 1876, at his residence in 
Morristown, New Jersey. November 6th, 1867, Dr. Owen 
and his wife sailed for Europe, and resided in Paris until 
November 30lh, 1869, during wliich time the doctor, at- ■ 
tached to Dolbeau's service, Hospital Beaujon, prepared for 
and passed the five examinations of the Doctorate of the 
Faculty of Paris, receiving his second diploma just before 
leaving for America. In December, i86g, he settled in 
Brooklyn, and was appointed, in Januaiy, 1870, Adjunct 
Surgeon Long Island College Hospital. In June, 1870, his 
wife being an invalid, he removed to Morristown, New 
Jersey, where he now resides and practises his profession. 
He is a member and an ex-officer of the Morris County 
Medical Society, was twice elected Health Physician of 
Morristown, and is the present County Physician. 



AxNT AM BURG, REV. ROBERT, Clerg\-man, of 
Lebanon, was born, June gtb, 1S09, about six 
miles south of Poughkeepsie, in the southern part 
of Dutchess county. New York, and is of both 
Hollander and French descent. His early occu- 
pation was that of husbandry, and in all the va- 
rieties of agricultural pui-suits he was among the first in 
labor and success ; even at ten years of age he could handle 
a scythe with the same ease and agility as any older la- 
borer. The first twenty years of his life were passed in the 
usual routine of a farmer's life, receiving the education the 
common schools of the neighborhood afforded. \Vhen he 
had nearly attained his majority, he received a decided re- 
ligious impression, accompanied by a strong sense of Divine 
responsibility that he should devote hin.self exclusively to 
the service of the Lord. He at once began to prepare him- 
self under the tutelage of the Rev. Eliphalet Price, a very 
able and worthy Presbyterian minister, at Hughsonville, 
New York, and from thence he repaired to Whitesboro', in 
the same State. In 1S34 he entered Rutgers College, at 
New Brunswick, from which institution he graduated in the 
class of 1837. He subsequently matriculated in the Theo- 
logical Seminary in the same city, and took his degree in 
1840 ; in both institutions the highest honors were conceded 
to him. When he entered the public ministiy, his preaching 
was so popular and so significantly successful, that he was 
tendered a call in almost every vacant church where he 
ministered. He accepted a call to the Reformed Church 
of Lebanon, New Jersey; and in a comparatively brief 
period the congregation grew until the edifice w.as filled to 
its utmost capacity. The field of his labors embraced d 
rich, rural countr)', thickly settled, about ten to twelve miles 
square. The calls to duty were frequent, and the duties 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 



themselves muUiform and various. His labors were nu- 
merous, often burdensome, and little time was left hmr for 
study or recreation. Years glided by with scarcely any 
cessation or rest, until August, 1837, when he resigned h.s 
charge and went to Fordham, New York, where he becatne 
pastor of an old church. The congregation there had been 
for years agitating the expediency of erecting a new edifice, 
but internal and external strength was apparently paralyzed, 
and their efforts resulted in nothing, notwithstanding for 
seventeen years they had been striving to attain their object 
In this state of lethargy he came among them, and instilled 
new life into the fold; the old, dilapidated structure was 
filled to overflowing during the first year of his mmistry, 
and in February, 1S38, a meeting was called to take meas- 
ures for the erection of a new edifice. In the foUowmg 
month of August a beautiful brick building was dedicated, 
free of debt, with the exception of about J 1 200. This 
building was soon filled with an interesting worshipping 
assembly, and his salary was largely increased from the 
pew-rents. From Fordham he removed to Hughsonville, 
New York, after the former charge became independent. 
He was recalled to Lebanon in August, 1S53, and almost 
immediately the old brick church was converted into a new, 
convenient and elegant frame structure, not surpassed by 
any church edifice in Hunterdon county; here also his 
labors were crowned with remarkable success. Great num 
bers of the middle-aged, as also the young and old, were 
added to the church; and from the adjoining counties the 
population flocked to this church, insomuch that all could 
not obtain sittings, even on ordinaiy occasions, and it be- 
came the largest assemblage of any country congregation in 
the State. In 1869 he accepted a call to High Bridge, a 
church of his own organizing, it having grown under his 
care from a veiy few worshippers, in an obscure school- 
house, to a fairly sustaining congregation with a church 
edifice. When he had become settled as their permanent 
pastor, the building was found to be too small to accommo- 
date the necessary congregation ; whereupon he immediately 
agitated the question of building a new edifice, and in the 
face of strenuous opposition he pushed the matter forward, 
and soon had the corner-stone laid, obtained the means, 
and speedily there was completed one of the finest speci- 
mens of Gothic architecture in the State, which now lifts its 
spire heavenward, as if indicating its future prosperity and 
the moral elevation of the surrounding inhabitants. From 
High Bridge he removed to Lower German V.iUey, and 
took charge of the Presbyterian Church at that place. This 
also was an infant congregation, and under his ministry 
rapidly adv.anced in strength and devotion. From Lower 
German Valley he removed to Annandale, New Jersey, to 
another congregation which he had organized previously. 
At this point a large debt had been nearly liquidated in 
about two years and the number of attendants nearly 
doubled. He is still their pastor, and much greater good 
will doubtless be their lot under prayerfully discreet care. 



He is now in the sixty-eighth year of his age, and is yet as 
vivacious in spirit, active in labor, and as persevering in his 
efforts as he was in his youth. He possesses a warm tem- 
perament, with great decision of character, accompanied 
with an energetic spirit that contends earnestly for victory 
in the battle of life. He makes it a point to preach twice 
every Lord's day. He is benevolent, and is a generous 
giver; and his house is where the needy and afflicted are 
wont to gather. 



IGGETT, REV. JOHN ALBERT, A. M., Clerg)-- 
man, of Rahway, was born, November 1st, 1834. 
at Brandywine Manor, Chester county, Pennsyl- 
vania, and is a son of Caleb and Jane (Cowan) 
Liggett ; his father was a farmer by occupation. 
He w.as educated principally at Lafayette Col- 
lege Easton, Pennsylvania, from which institution he 
graduated in the class of 1857. He then entered the 
theological seminary at Danville, Kentucky, for the three 
years' course, and in i860 was settled over a church at 
Crittenden, Kentucky, where he labored for four yeai-s. In 
1864 he received and accepted a call from Rahway, to be- 
come the pastor of the Second Presbyterian Church of that 
city, and whose pulpit he has ably filled for the past twelve 
years. During that period the church membership has 
been largely increased under his ministry, and is at the 
present time in a flourishing condition. At one period he 
was Moderator of the New Jersey Presbyteiy. He was 
chosen to deliver the annual address before the Alumni of 
Lafayette College, June 25th. 1S76. He was married 
November 13th, 1861, to Mary B., the only daughter of 
George B. Armstrong, of Kentucky. 



t 



G7^^ 



HETWOOD, JOHN JOSEPH, Lawyer, late of 
Eliz.ibeth (deceased), was born in that city, 
January l8lh, 1800, and was the son of Dr. 
John Chetwood, a physician of great eminence, 
who was one of the first victims of the Asiatic 
cholera, in 1S32; his grandfather, Hon. John 
Chetwood, was an Associate Justice of the Supreine Court 
of New J rsey. John Joseph received a liberal education 
Iparatoiv to his entering Nassau Hall, and gradua ed 
Z that- ancient institution in '^.S I-- latej- a er 
leaving college he entered the office of his unc e, ^\.lllan 
Chetwood, where he prosecuted his studies for the bar, .am 
was licensed as an attorney in .821, becoming a counsellor 
in iS-'S, and attaining the rank of a serjeant-at-law m .b,7- 
He was for fourteen vears Surrogate of Essex County, an.t 
I also the first Prosecutor of the Pleas for Union County. He 
I was also a member of the Legislative Council before the 
I adoption of the present constitution of the Slate. He wa> 



90 

en,Iy identified with the great railroad enterprises of the 
State, active in the promotion of education and in the sup- 
port of rehgious institutions. His practice was large and 
remunerative. He wa.s a man of generous and genial dis- 
position, a cheerful giver to charitable and benevolent 
olyecls He was a member of the Protestant Episcopal 
Church, and one of the Trustees of Burlington College 
He was married to a granddaughter of General Elias 
Uayton and was a resident of Elizabeth, his native place 
where he died, November iSth, 1861. 



BIOGRAPHICAL EXCVCLOPyEDIA. 



f URKAY, REV. NICHOLAS. D. D., Clergyman 
hte pastor of the First Presbyterian Church, of 
Eluabeth. was born, December 25th. 1802, at 
Ballynaskea. in the county of Westmeath. Ire- 
and, and was the son of Nicholas and Judith 
(Mangum) .Murray. His father was a farmer of 
onie property, and exerted considerable influence in th 

.n 806. Nicholas remained at home under the care of his 
n o. er until he was about nine years old, when he wen, ,0 
reside with an aunt, his mother's sister, some ten or ml e 
m. es d,s,ant, where he went to school until he reached the 
age of twelve. He was then apprenticed as a mercha r 
c erk ma store in Grannarth, near Edgeworthtown wh e 
he remained three years. He was sadlj and badly 11 ' 

America; lellin<r his h. ,K u emigrate to 

ri.,1,, . " ^^" "'=" h": «o»'ti relinquish -,11 

:^^r:rs:ei-^:«''""^^^"^-'''''^'e:; 

>^in> .0 the Uni; d ^^^-^ ^^ ^r"' "'''"' '° ^""^^ 

-ties, gave him assistance ad hradr/^' V" '''■ 
native land His r,, . farewell to his 

faith, and ehfdheerb,"? "' "^ ''°'"^" Catholic 
bishop; he lad also CO f' . "" ""^ '^°"'^™^^ '^^ "-^ 
'Hat Church, neve ru^ " V' """ '"''^'"^ °f 
»-- reared. I. wa Xi^/; f^V" f '^" "^ '''' 
New York, and his entire oLl T " ""' "''^"<' " 

After finding lodHues he b "'"' ""' ''''^'' ''°"^^-'^- 

do. and visited Jo-;:! er^st r:.':J°°V°' '"""''-' '° 
perfectly willing to work, an 'reso eT ^ f' ''" '^ '^^^ 

P'aces he called on the Messrs H.u "^ °"^" 

"-e printing business in PeTil ;r"e?''Th T""' "^" '" 
^tory.and accepted him as nn .^ ^^ey listened to his 

moreover, he became ninm, T""" '° "^^'^ '^"-"e- = 
firm, where he a^soc a , w Th "' '^"""^ "^ °- of th 

"ho had been re ^ k eV""f °' '"'^ -'" ^^^ 
"■"ich surrounded hTn were r""' '"' ""^ '""--« 
■"oral improvement. HU ducI7 "f ^ '° '''^ °*" 
^ '^"cation and associations i„ 



Ireland had not fitted him to fill any position that required 
cuhure; but he was ready for any task that he could per- 
form. He labored earnestly and steadily both at the press 
and at other employment in the printing department, so 
faithfully that he won the respect of all with whom he came 
in contact. The firm of J. & J. Harper was then composed 
of two brothers, James and John. Their two younger 
brothers. Wesley and Fletcher, who subsequently became 
members of the firm of Harper & Brother, were ihen work 
ing at the business with Murray, and were also his com 
pan.ons by night, occupying the same room with him in 
their mother's house. He continued in this family until the 
autumn of 1820, when he became a boarder in Mr Kirk's 
house, in Liberty street, although he still continued in the 
employ of the Harpers. He there formed an intimacy with 
some young men, theological students chiefly, one of whom 
who w-as afterwards known as Rev. J. B. Steele, of the Re' 
formed Dutch Church, proposed ,0 teach him the La in 
language. To this young Murray assented, and he made 
such rapid progress that at the end of six months he wa 
not only able to translate " Vir.il," but also possessed some 
k owledgeof the Greek grammar. I„ the meantime his 
religious training had not been neglected He h.Hfi 
abandoned the church of his fathers! and tas" ps ;t ■ ^ 
" fidelity, when he was brought under the influence :f he 
Methodists. After being a probationary member for a priod 
he l,ecame an attendant upon the ministrations of the Pres 
>y.erian Church, and finally joined that communion „ 

Salem. Washington coL^: Ne^v V ^w:: '"'' ""i 

him ir, ti,„ • , »ork, who encouraged 

him in the views he now entertained ; and by means of 

Chi-^f-^^^^^-r:-- 
--e;r::Jet"w^::::^---eraviditytha„ 

H:rs:;::in:rr"'-™^^---K^: 

occupie'd steJirin:'"''" °'^'^'^-'"-. "^"t had been 
assodates were hie whT'"^".""^ ''''"'' "-- "- 
various public ajprv^,;" '"•^'^ been distinguished in 
-i",.ied 'constant", 'h 'larr^' '"' '''"' "'^ '^ 
Harpers, and his time and ^ '" apprentice to the 

as he had so -hoLiS; ea :::;TeI"^ ™'"^"^ " '''"'' 
'ought their advice and TT '"^''' ^"' "^^^^ he 

career, they chel^u ;':::;:- h" '''T'' " ''" ^"'"- 
him God-speed in his nf [ '"Ventures and bid 

went toA^hers^A r:;^'" /" ""= ^^" "^ '^a, he 
pared for entering co, „e''u' "'?'"""''' ''"''' ''^ P- 
Halleck. afterwards edi o^ of ' I T"'''^ °' ^^-^^^ 

^~... Heremain d t er abour- ^^' ^""""""^ 
'"ere about nine months, and in 




, /\/l 



M cf 



BIOGRArillCAL EKCYCLOP.EDIA. 



9' 



the autumn of 1822 entered the freshman cla-is of Williams 
College, then under the presidency of Rev. E. D. Griffin, 
D. D. He was a diligent and earnest student, and always 
acquitted himself well ; and he made rapid progress in his 
studies. During his sophomore year he was elected as the 
orator of the day on the anniversary of our national inde- 
pendence; and the lofty spirit of patriotism which pervaded 
his address showed how thoroughly he had become an 
American in sentiment. He passed through the four years' 
course of study, and graduated with honor in the summer 
of 1826. He then accepted for a short time an agency of 
the American Tract Society, and left New York to fulfil the 
same in September, 1826. He visited many cities and 
towns in the interior, where he addressed congregations 
and organized auxiliary societies. After a service of six or 
seven weeks he returned, and at once entered the Theologi- 
cal Seminary at Princeton. He remained there for some 
time, pursuing his studies under the care of the New York 
Presbytery, with which he had connected himself, occasion- 
ally accepting, during his vacations, an agency of the tract 
society, as a colporteur. On one of these occasions he ab- 
sented himself from the seminary beyond the specified time, 
and had neglected to inform the presbyteiy of his reasons 
therefor. It appears this body directed the moderator to 
write him a letter of caution ; and his letter in reply, which 
has been preserved, shows that he was capable of wielding 
a pen in self-defence, and was also not disposed to com- 
promise himself in the least, nor willing to obey such tyran- 
nical orders. He continued his labors in connection with 
the tract society in Pennsylvania, and was an efficient 
laborer in establishing an auxiliary society in Philadelphia. 
He was thus engaged for about eighteen months, and was 
enabled to lay by a sufficient store of money wherewith to 
sustain himself during the remainder of his divinity studies 
at Princeton. Notwithstanding his absence from the semi- 
nary he had kept pace with all the studies of his class 
during his leisure hours. In fact, so successful was he in 
this respect that his certificate of dismission from the semi- 
nary, given May 7th, 1829, states that he had entered the 
institution, November 9th, 1S26, "and has ever since been 
a regular student." In April, 1829, he was licensed by the 
Presbytery of Philadelphia to preach the gospel, and his 
first sermon was delivered in that city, in the " old Pine 
Street Church." He then filled a three weeks' engagement 
in Norristown, Pennsylvania, and proceeded to Wilkesbarre, 
in the same State, to hold a mission service of two months' 
duration, at the instance of the Board of Missions of the 
General Assembly. He was subsequently invited by the 
churches of Wilkesbarre and Kingston to become their 
pastor; and, after consulting with friends in Philadelphia, 
accepted the call. He was fiequently during this year 
perplexed with calls from various sources, urging him to 
accept pastorates, and the American Tract Society wished 
him to become their permanent agent ; and before he had 
been even licensed to preach, the Presbyteriaa Board of 



Education elected him their Assistant Corresponding Secre- 
tary and General Agent. But having his mind set upon 
the pastoral office he declined these appointments. He was 
ordained pastor of the churches of Wilkesbarre and Kings- 
ton, November 4th, 1S29, and formally installed. He re- 
mained in the Wyoming valley about three years and a 
half, and built up the congregations there, meanwhile re- 
ceiving and declining a call to act as General Agent of the 
American Tract Society for the Valley of the Mississippi. 
In May, 1833, he received a call to become pastor of the 
First Presbyterian Church, of Elizabethtown, New Jersey, 
and after some little time accepted the same — urged as he 
was by his ministerial brethren. He was duly installed, 
July 23d, 1833. He was the immediate successor of the 
Rev. Dr. John McDowell, who had been its settled pastor 
for nearly the twenty-nine previous years. He remained 
here for nearly twenty-eight years as a faithful minister, and 
though frequently solicited by other churches to become 
their pastor invariably declined. Three several limes was 
he tendered the pastorale of the Park Street Church, in 
Boston, and three times he replied in the negative. From 
the North and the South, the East and the West, came 
calls, but to all he unhesitatingly replied. No. His ecclesi- 
astical relations were, first, as a member of the Susquehanna 
Presbytery, and, secondly, as being connected with the 
Presbytery of Elizabeth ; and he was never absent from any 
of their meetings, except when abroad, and on one occasion 
in i860. He was from 1830 to i860 a member of the New 
Jersey Synod, and never missed a single meeting; after a 
few years' attendance in this body he was elected Moder- 
ator. In 1849, in the twentieth year of bis ministry, he 
was chosen Moderator of the General Assembly. He was 
a faithful, laborious, painstaking presbyter; one Who was an 
earnest, though not an eloquent preacher; and a dignified, 
learned and catholic-spirited man. He gave a warm sup- 
port to the national societies for the circulation of the Bible 
and tracts, and earnestly labored in their behalf. He w'as 
also a noted lecturer, and delivered these in all parts of the 
Union. He was foremost in everything that tended, to 
advance the welfare of the people. He took great interest 
in the cause of common school education in the State of 
New Jersey ; and his exertions were felt in the Legislature 
and in the distant counties. He was among the founders 
of the New Jersey Historical Society, and at his own re- 
quest the meeting was called which gave birth to that 
organization. He also helped to establish the Lyceum and 
the Orph.an Asylum, in his own city. Twice he went abroad 
and revisited his native island, and also made an extended 
tour on the continent of Europe. He was celebrated as the 
author of certain letters addressed to Bishop Hughes, of 
New York, over the signature of "Kirwan." The first 
series appeared weekly, commencing February 6th, and 
terminating May Sth, 1847. When completed they were 
published in book form, and over 100,000 copies were sold, 
besides being translated into the German language. His 



BIOGRAnilCAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 



92 

second series of similar letters were begun October 2d, 
1847, and were likewise addressed to Bishop Hiijihes, ex- 
cept the two last, which were addressed to the Roman 
Catholic people. As Bishop Hughes replied in a series of 
six letters, addressed to " Dear Header," Dr. Murray re- 
joined in a single letter, answering the six of his antago- 
nist and ended the controversy, his next essay against 
the church of his fathers was in a series of letters addressed 
to the late Chief Justice Taney, and contained the result of 
his observations and studies while in the city of Rome, and 
were published in a volume in 1852, entitled, " Romanism 
at Home." He also published " Parish and other Pencil- 
lings;" "Men and Things as I Saw them in Europe;" 
"The Happy Home;" "Preachers and Preaching." A 
posthumous work, containing sermons which he had never 
delivered, entitled, "A Dying Legacy to the People of My 
Beloved Charge," and containing discourses "on the un- 
seen and eternal," was issued in the summer of 1861. He 
was a most pleasant, cheerful companion, his conversation 
abounding in genial humor, with occasional n.ishes of wit 
that enlivened the circle around him. He was liberal to 
all who called themselves Christians, and especially to those 
from whom he separated in youth. When one of his 
brethren remonstrated with him in having subscribed and 
donated funds for the building of a Roman Catholic chinch 
in Elizabeth, he replied that he desired to show his kindly 
feelings towards those whose faith he opposed. He was 
alike respected by all his fellow-townsmen, and his death 
was profoundly felt by all classes in the city of his adop- 
tion. He was married, in January, 1830, to Eliza J., 
daughter of the Rev. Morgan John Rhees, a native of 
Wales, and a Baptist minister, and was the father of ten 
children, six of whom preceded him to the grave. He died 
in Elizabeth, February 4th, 1S61. 



t ARSH, HAMPTON O., President of the National 
Iron Bank,of Morristown, New Jersey, was born, 
July 23d, 1831, in Mendham, Morris county, and 
is the son of John and Caroline (Hudson) Marsh, 
both of whom are natives of New Jersey; his 
father is a carriage builder in Mendham. He re- 
ceived a rudimentary education in his native town, and 
when thirteen years old became a pupil in' the Flushing 
Institute, near Madison, New Jersey, where he remained 
about one year. Returning home he became a clerk in a 
mercantile store, and in 1849 ^^ent to Morristown, where 
he filled a similar position for three years. In 1852, having 
attained his majority, he returned to Mendham, where he 
became engaged in the manufacture of carriages on his own 
account, and which he continued until 1S59. He then re- 
moved to Morristown and embarked in the lumber business 
in connection with diflerent parties, constituting two firms, 
up to the year 1867, when he associated himself with 



George E. Voorhess, under the firm-name of Voorhess & 
Marsh, hardware merchants, and this partnership continued 
until 1870, when he disposed of his interests in the estab- 
lishment. For some time prior to this last-named date he 
had been a director of the National Iron Bank, formerly a 
State institution, but which had been established under the 
national system. May 4th, 1S65, with a capital of $100,000. 
He was elected the President of this institution, January 
I2th, 1869, and in order to devote his whole time to the 
interests of the bank, relinquished his business, as above 
stated, in 1870. The capital stock of the bank, on and 
after January 1st, 1872, w.as increased to $200,000, and is 
at present in a sound and prosperous condition. He is also 
a director in and Vice-President of the Morris Aqueduct 
Company; and one of the original incorporators and direc- 
tors of the Masonic Hall Association, and filled the position 
of its Treasurer for three years. Upon the organization of 
the Washington Association, of New Jersey, which has for 
its object the care and control of the building known as 
"Washington's Head-quarters," at Morristown, New Jer- 
sey, he was chosen one of the Executive Committee of that 
body. He was a member of the Whig party up to the time 
of its disintegration ; and has since acted with the Republi- 
cans. He was married, 1855, to Mary E., daughter of 
William P. Dayton, a highly respected merchant of New 
York city, who died in that same year. 



ITCHELL, HENRY, M. D., Physician, of Jersey 
City, was born, August 6th, 1845, '" Norwich, 
Chenango county. New York. His father, Dr. 
Henry Mitchell, was a native of Connecticut and 
a nephew of Roger Sherman, one of the signers 
of the Declaration of Independence, and settled 
in Chenango county. New York, in 1806. He was a 
classical scholar of high attainments, a graduate of Yale 
College, and a man of rare skill and accurate judgment in 
his profession. In 1827 he was chosen a member of the 
New York State Legislature, and in 1832 he represented 
his district in Congress. He was a member of the New 
York State Medical Society and of the American Medical 
Association. His wife was Mary Bellamy, of Catskill, New 
York. Their son, Henry, received his early education in 
the public schools of Chenango county, and later attended 
the Catskill Academy and the Phillips Exeter Academy. 
It was decided that, like his father, he should enter the 
medical profession. Accordingly, on leaving school, he 
commenced a preliminary course of medical study in the 
office of Dr. H. K. Bellows, of Norwich, New York. 
Having accomplished his preparatory reading he entered 
Bellevue Hospital Medical College, continuing his private 
studies under the direction of Professor James R. Wood, 
of New York city. He graduated in medicine and surgery 
in October, 1866. Having received his diploma he re- 



EIOGRAnilCAL ENXVCLOP-EDIA. 



93 



turned to his home in Nonvich, New York, and there 
entered upon the practice of his profession. In 1S69 he 
held the office of Coroner for Chenango County. He wns 
appointed, September 1st, 1868, Surgeon of tlifi 103d Regi- 
ment New York State National Guard, and this position he 
continued to hold until 1870, when he removed to New 
Jersey and established liimself in Jersey City. There he 
entered upon the practice of his profession and with an 
energy and skill that won success. He served for three 
years as Visiting Physician to St. Francis' Hospital, in 
Jersey City, and is at present one of the Visiting Physicians 
to the Hudson County Church Hospital. He is a member 
of the District Medical Society for Hudson County, and has 
held official position in that organization during four years. 
He is also a member of the American Medical Association. 
He was married, in 1866, to Elizabeth M. Roberts, daughter 
of Rev. William Roberts, D. D., of New York city. 



'OOKE, HENRY G., A. M., M. D., of Holmdel, 
was born in that township, Monmouth county, 
New Jersey, February 3d, 1836. His father, 
Robert W. Cooke, M. D., was a native of Sussex 
county, and his mother, whose maiden name was 
Susan Gansevoort, was born at Albany, New 
York. He was educated in a select school ne.ar his home, 
and in 1850 entered Rutgers College, from which he gradu- 
ated in 1853, receiving his degree of A. M. from that insti- 
tution. Immediately after he commenced reading medicine 
with his father, an eminent practitioner ; but within a few 
months was installed a student in the office of the celebrated 
Willard Parker, of New York, Professor of Surgery in the 
College of Physicians and Surgeons of that city. Having 
completed his preparatory studies, Dr. Cooke became a 
matriculant in this institution, and in 1857 graduated from 
it, receiving his degree of M. D. He associated at once in 
practice with his father, at Holmdel, and soon secured a 
fine reputation for faithfulness and ability. In 1862 he 
entered the Union service as Surgeon of the 29th New 
Jersey Volunteers, and remained with this organization for 
nine months, when he returned to Holmdel, where he has 
since been engaged in professional duties, making the old 
homestead his residence. His father died in 1867, and he 
succeeded to the large practice which the former had en- 
joyed for a long period. Dr. Cooke is now prominently 
identified with the leading medical associations. In 1859 
he was President of the Monmouth County Medical Society. 
In 1868 he was a delegate to the American Medical Asso- 
ciation, which convened at New York. He has frequently 
represented the profession in his county in the Slate sociely. 
He is now a member of the New Jersey Academy of Medi- 
cine, and acts as Medical Examiner for a number of lead- 
ing insurance companies. He has always been devoted to 



the highest interests of his profession, and the fruit of this 
devotion is a reputation which secures esteem wherever he 
is known. His practice is a vei7 large one, and his patrons 
are among the most influential citizens of the section in 
which he resides. He was married, on June 8th, 1S76, to 
Maria B. Coudrey, of New Rochelle, New York. 



ORROGII, CLIFFORD T., M. D., Physician, of 
New Brunswick, is a native of Ireland, having 
been born in county Cork, August 1st, 1821. His 
father, John Morrogh, was a gentleman of culture 
and means, and his mother, Mary (Plowden) 
Morrogh, was a daughter of Francis Plowden-, 
Esq., the English historian. Clifford Morrogh received his 
early education at the well-known select school of Porter 
& Hamlin, in Cork. In the year 1836 he removed to 
America, and finished his studies in the city of New York. 
For a period of four years he was engaged in mercantile 
pursuits in New York; but he had determined on entering 
the medical profession, and with that purpose he entered, as 
a student, the office of Dr. John H. Whittaker, who was at 
that time Demonstrator of Anatomy in the University of 
New York. Having concluded his course of preparatory 
reading he attended the regular course of lectures at the 
university, and graduated from that institution in March, 
1847. During his attendance at the university he was 
chosen by Professor Whittaker to be Demonstrator of Anat- 
omy in his private school, at which there was an attendance 
of about 200 scholars. In March, 1847, immediately after 
his graduation, he commenced the practice of his profession 
in assbciation with his brother, Archibald C. Morrogh, 
M. D., an eminent practitioner in New York city. He re- 
mained with his brother in New York until the fall of 1847, 
when he removed to New Brunswick, New Jersey, where 
he commenced to practise independently, and where he has 
ever since resided. In 1869 and 1870 he went to Europe 
and spent several months abroad, visiting all the principal 
hospitals of Italy, England and France, spending most of 
his time in the latter country. He made another visit to 
Europe in the year 1873, but this trip was undertaken 
mainly on account of his health. He has been a delegate 
to the State Medical Society on various occasions. His 
army experience, during the war of the rebellion, was brief, 
but valuable. Immediately after the battle of the Wilder- 
ness, and in response to the call of Governor Olden for 
medical aid, he went to the front, and during a period of 
three weeks rendered most efficient service there. His 
standing in his profession is very high, and as a surgeon, 
particularly, he enjoys a wide and enviable reputation. He 
has been twice married. In June, 1850, he was married to 
Mrs. Mary Richmond, who died in the spring of 1S71. In 
the fall of 1872 he married for his second wife Cornelia 
Perry, of Troy, New York. 



BIOGRAPHICAL EXCVCLOP.-EDIA. 
UrISON, CORNELIUS W., M. D., Principal of, 



and Professor of Natural Science in, the Academy 
of Science and Art at Ringoes, New Jersey, was 
born, January loth, 1S37, in Delaware township, 
Hunterdon county, New Jersey. He received 
a rudimentary education in the public school 
nearest to his father's farm. At the age of seventeen he 
began to spend his leisure hours in reading such books 
treating of science as came within his reach. In the early 
part of the eighteenth year of his age he purchased Bul- 
lion's " Latin Grammar " and "Latin Reader;" and, un- 
aided by an instructor, during the following spring and 
summer, while at the plow-tail through the day, he made 
himself acquainted with the declension of Latin nouns and 
adjectives, and with the conjugation of Latin verbs, and 
during the evenings tried his skill at translation. In Oc 
tober of 1855 he became an attendant at the Pennsylvania 
College of Medicine. In the spring of 1S56 he commenced 
a classical course of study at the Flemington High School, 
then under the principalship of Rev. Jonathan D. Merrill, 

A. .\L He matriculated at the University at Lewisburg, 
Pennsylvania, in September, 1857, and in September, 1S60, 
was engaged as Teacher of Mathematics and Natural 
Science in the High School at Flemington, New Jersey. 
In June, 1S61, be became Principal of this institution. In 
October of the same year he matriculated at the Geneva 
Meilical College, at Geneva, New York, and was graduated 
M. D. by this institution, January 20th, 1S63. He settled 
at Ringoes, New Jersey, as a physician and teacher, in 
February, 1863. The seminary at Ringoes was the result 
of his interest in educational matters in that vicinity. In 
thai institution he was associated with his brother. Rev. A. 

B. Larison, M. D., who acted as Principal and Instructor 
in the Languages, while he himself was the Teacher of 
Natural Science. Upon the death of his brother, A. B. 
Larison, the principalship of the seminary devolved upon 
him, and this position he held until September, 1874, con- 
tinuing still as Teacher of Natural Science. In August, 
1874, he was appointed Professor of Natural Science in the 
University at Lewisburg, Pennsylvania. This position he 
accepted, and entered upon its duties, September loth, 
1874. Owing to the death of his partner, C. M. Lee, M. D., 
which occurred in June, 1875, he resigned his position in 
the university and returned to Ringoes to take charge of 
his practice again. He has been steadily engaged in the 
practice of medicine since he first settled at Ringoes, and 
h.-is the control of a lucrative and extensive business, it 
being one of the largest in the county. In June, 1876, he 
was appointed Professor of Zoology in the University at 
Lewisburg, Pennsylvania. As his duties there would not 
require his constant attendance, and he could remain at 
home in his practice much of the time, he accepted the po- 
sition. He has also organized at Ringoes a seminary, or, 
more strictly speaking, a school, termed the Academy of 
Science and Art, and which has every promise of success. 



This school was organized to afford an opportunity for a 
practical education in those departments of science and art 
that most directly bear upon the rounds of every-day life. 
The instruction given is of the most practical character, and 
imparted in the most practical manner; the pupil being con- 
stantly required to reduce whatever is taught directly to 
practice, and to show how it relates to the things of the 
present. Every facility is given for proper and careful in- 
struction in the different branches taught ; and the imple- 
ments used for imparting a knowledge of the various 
sciences are of the most perfect and costly character. 
Especially is this the case in the study of physical geo- 
graphy, where a globe sixty-one inches in diameter, with 
an uneven surface, shows the ridges, peaks, plains, plateaus, 
excavations and depressions of the earth's surface, and ex- 
hibits in a striking manner the relative altitude of such 
ridges, peaks, plains, plateaus, etc. Politically he is a 
Democrat; and religiously a Baptist. He married Mary 
Jane, daughter of Gershom C. Sergeant, of Flemington, 
New Jersey, March 25th, 1863. She was one of the first 
graduates of the New Jersey State Normal School, her 
diploma bearing date June, 1859. 



ORD, REV. EDWARD, Clergyman, and Pastor 
of the Reformed Church of Metuchen, was born, 
March 29tli, 1821, at Danby, New York, and is 
a son of Chester W. and B. (Kingsbury) Lord. 
His father was a native of Salisbury, Connecti- 
cut, while his mother was born in Berkshire 
county, Massachusetts. He received a thorough classical 
education, and was a student at Williams College, Massachu- 
setts, where he graduated in 1843. Having determined to 
devote his life to the gospel ministry, he commenced his 
studies at the theological seminary at Auburn, New York, 
from which institution he graduated in 1846. He subse- 
quently was ordained and settled over a Presbyterian con- 
gregation at Romulus, New York, where he ministered 
acceptably until 1 85 1, when he received and accepted a 
call to become the pastor of the Presbyterian Church at 
Fulton, New York. He labored there for fourteen years. 
During this period his congregation granted him one year's 
leave of absence, when he accepted the chaplaincy of the 
I lOlh Regiment of New York Volunteers, in August, 1S62. 
The command, after remaining in camp at Baltimore for 
instruction, which occupied some two months, was sent to 
New Orleans, reaching that city at the time that General 
B.anks assumed command of the Department of the Gulf. 
He accompanied the regiment in its march through western ' 
Louisiana, and was present during the entire siege of Port 
Hudson. He was honorably discharged from the service 
at the expiration of the year, for which period his leave of 
absence from his congregation extended ; and he accord- 
ingly returned to Fulton. In 1865 be became pastor of the 



BIOGRAPHICAL EXCYCLOr.EDIA. 



95 



church at Adams, New York, where he remained until tlie 
spring of 1S70, when he removed to Metuchen, New Jersey, 
where he has since resided, as pastor of the Reformed 
Church. During the thirty years of his clerical life he has 
been constantly and actively engaged in building up the 
congregations among whom he has labored, and he has 
ever felt that he has not labored in vain, as the churches 
grew and prospered under his ministrations. He was mar- 
ried, in August, 1S46, to Mary J. Sanders, of Williauistown, 
Massachusetts. 



tl 



<^4' 



:i 



'ONKLING, EDWARD PAYSON, Lawyer, of 
Flemington, was born, 1846, in Boonton, Morris 
county, New Jersey, and is a son of the Rev. C. 
S. Conkling, a well-known and highly respected 
clergj'man of the Presbyterian Church, who was 
^^ for several years Superintendent of the Pulilic 
Schools of Hunterdon County. The family is of English 
lineage, and is a branch of the Conkling family of New- 
York. Edward obtained his preliminary education at Car- 
versville, Pennsylvania; and in 1864 entered the sophomore 
class of Lafayette College, Easton, in the same State, and 
graduated therefrom Avith the class of 1S67, receiving the 
third honor. After leaving college he taught for a sliori 
time at the Susquehanna Institute; and in 1S6S entered 
the ( fTice of George A. Allen, of Flemington, to prosecute 
his legal studies. He remained under the preceptorship of 
that eminent practitioner until 1871, when he was admitted 
to practise. For two years he was associated with Hon. 
T"hn T. Bird, constituting the firm of Bird & Conkling. 
In 1S73 this copartnership was dissolved, and he has since 
practised alone. He has won for himself a reputation and 
a practice, during this short period, second to few in the 
county; and the bar of Hunterdon county is justly re- 
garded as the fir>t in the State. He is a prominent member 
of the Democratic party, to which he renders efficient 
service in every political canv.ass, being an eloquent and 
logical orator. He is highly esteemed not only by his 
professional brethren, but by his fellow-townsmen. He is 
a director of the Flemington N.ationaI Bank. He was 
married, 1871, to Jennie Key, of Hunterdon county. 



ISPHAM, CHARLES, Retired Merchant, of 
Mount Holly, New Jersey, and son of John and 
Margaret Bispham, was born at that place, De- 
cember 2d, 1798, in the house where he now 
resides, and where his father also was born. The 
homestead has been in the possession of the fam- 
ily about one hundred and forty years. Having the mis- 
fortune to lose his father when he was but twelve years of 
age, Charles Bispham was placed in a school in Philadel- 



phia under the watchful care of his eldest brother, .Stacy B. 
Bispham, the partner of that noble and Christian gentleman, 
Samuel Archer, the firm being extensively engaged in the 
China and India trade. Into the counting-house of this 
firm he was received on reaching his si.\teenth year. Here 
he remained until he was twenty-one, though his brother 
lived but two years after his admission. At this time he 
commenced business on his own account as a super-cargo, 
making numerous voyages to India, China, Buenos Ayres, 
Valparaiso, Lima, and various other ports on the Pacific 
coast. He afterwards entered into association with Mr. 
Joseph Archer, the son of his brother's partner, in Phila- 
delphia, but the enterprise not proving as profitable as was 
anticipated, an agreement was made between them that Mr. 
Archer should join the house of Messrs. Wetmore & Co., 
Canton, and Mr. Bispham that of Messrs. Alsop & Co., 
Valparaiso, and that at the expiration of ten years they 
should make an equal division of the profits. The agree- 
ment was carried out, and the division of profits made on 
their return to the United Slates, in the latter part of the 
year 1840. Since that time Mr. Bispham has resided in 
Mount Holly, employing himself in the improvement of his 
native town by building, farming, etc. He has always been 
the President of its railroad, and he is a director in nearly 
all the institutions of the place. He built a cottage at Long 
Branch, New Jersey, in 1S45, where the family reside dur- 
ing the warm months of summer. 



ARD, GEORGE S., M. D., of Newark, was born 
in Bloomfield, New Jersey, November nth, 1827. 
His parents were Bethuel and Rhoda (Freeman) 
Ward, both natives of the same State. His edu- 
cation was obtained at the Bloomfield Academy, 
an old-established and well-known institution of 
learning, where he acquired a thorough preliminary train- 
ing preparatory to entering college. A prolonged and al- 
most fatal attack of fever, engendered by the nursing of a 
brother, prevented him from carrying out his design of 
entering college. Selecting the medical profession, he 
placed himself under the tuition of the late Dr. John F, 
Ward, of Newark (a brother), and an eminent and successful 
practitioner for many years. Matriculating at the College 
of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, he took there a 
thorough course, and graduated in the spring of 1S49. 
Locating himself in Newark, he immediately commenced 
his labors, and by his devotion to his profession has suc- 
ceeded in building up an extensive and lucrative practice; 
enjoying the respect of the profession at large as also the 
esteem and confidence of the community with which he has 
been identified for more than a quarter of a century. He 
has for the past twenty years been the Attending Physician 
to the City Almshouse, performing efficiently the duties of 
this office to the entire satisfaction of all. He is a member 



96 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA 
He was mairied, 



of the Essex County Medical Society 

May 9th, 1S50, to Fanny H. Baldwin, of Philadelphia, 



d^ \TSON, BERIAH A., M. D., of Jersey City, the 
e nill third son of Perry and Maria, nie Place, Watson, 
was bom at Lake George, Warren county. New 
York, March 26th, 1836. Perry Watson, a native 
of Rhode Island, was descended from a pioneer 
family of New England, and was named after his 
grandfather, who had participated in the battle of Bunker 
Hill. In early youth he removed to Greenwich,, Wash'- 
in^ton county. New York, where his wife was bom. He 
subsequently led the life of a faraierin this and the adjoin- 
ing county of Warren, and was highly respected by all who 
appreciated his stern qualities of industry and honesty. 
When seven years of age their son was sent to the country 
district school, which he attended regularly during the 
summer and winter months, /. e., about eight months during 
the year, until he was fourteen years of age. His services 
were now demanded on the farm, as his time was thought 
too valuable to be spent in the school-room during the 
summer months. But in this new occupation, to which he 
reluctantly turned himself, it was soon discovered that he 
took neither pleasure nor interest. .Arrangements were then 
made with Isaac Streeter whereby he was enabled M con, 
tinue his studies uninterruptedly. His innate desire for 
knowledge was such that he never failed to improve every 
moment by study when not engaged in fami work. Gladly 
did he lake advantage of the stormy weather, which enabled 
him to leave the irksome duties of farming for his agreeable 
recitations. These were indeed days of real enjoyment, 
and the progress made in his studies during this period was 
even greater than that at any previous time. In the follow- 
ing .lutumn, just prior to the opening of the winter session of 
the district school, young Watson took up his residence with 
the family of Jonathan Streeter, father of Isaac, previously 
mentioned. Attending the district school, doing whatever 
was required of him on the farm, passing the evenings in 
reading and studying his books, thus he occupied the "winter 
months. To understand the advantages of a residence wiih 
this family, to which the doctor attributes very largely his 
success, it may be proper to mention some facts in regard 
to their peculiarities. Jonathan Streeter and family were 
strict members of the Society of Friends. Though in early 
life he had been obliged to labor with his hands for his 
daily bread, and had been enabled to obtain scarcely 
fbur months' instruction at school, he was, however, in 
the elementary branches far more thorough than many 
coUegiates of the present day. He had, in fact, by his 
studious application and untiring industry, acquired not 
only a good education but also enough of this world's goods 
to be considered wealthy by the community in which he 
lived. At the time young Watson resided with him he had 



attained his si.xtieth year, but was still strong and remark- 
ably industrious. There were during this period two other 
young men living with the family. All were required to be 
ready for the duties of the day promptly at five A. M. during 
the whole year. In winter, at this early hour, Mr. Streeter 
never failed to be seated before the blazing wood-fire, 
provided with his in-door work, which frequently was the 
making of a broom from a hickory or birch stick. The 
moment he was seated he required one of the young men of 
his household, properly supplied with a book, and with works 
of reference near him, to read aloud while he himself plied 
his work. The same system was adopted in the evening, 
and thus work never ceased till ten o'clock. The reading 
was conducted with great care; the reader was never 
allowed to hurry ; he was required not only to make his 
reading intelligible to Mr. Streeter but to understand it 
himself. If a word were found that he supposed the reader 
did not understand he was stopped, asked to give its mean- 
ing, and if unable to do so, he was requested to refer to the 
dictionary and read aloud the definition. A similar method 
was followed with regard to geographical names, the reader 
being required to locate the place, give all the important 
facts pertaining to its surroundings and its history, or obtain 
them by reference before proceeding further. The gram- 
matical construction of sentences was also criticised, and 
Mr. Streeter was frequently heard citing the rules from 
Lindley Murray's grammar; a copy of this work at one 
period in his life he had constantly with him, to be studied 
at every available opportunity, even when working behind 
his team in performing his agricultural duties. This work 
of reading for the old gentleman fell principally to the lot 
of young Watson. On the closing of the district school he 
entered a private school, conducted by ^Ya^■en Fleming, 
where he remained a few months. During the following 
summer he left this school and assisted his friend and patron 
on his farm, still pursuing his studies with the assistance of 
Isaac and Annie Streeter. In this family the strict rules 
enforced prohibited all frivolous conversation, but en- 
couraged discussions on scientific subjects. After a resi- 
dence, of two years with this kind-hearted Quaker, who was 
continually laboring for the advancement of his neighbors' 
interests, and thus frequently sacrificing his own comfort, 
he left this hospitable home for the purpose of engaging in 
a new sphere of activity as a teacher of a public school. 
The next six months were occupied in teaching, after which 
he entered the State Normal School, at Albany, New York. 
From this time until he had attained his twenty-first year 
he was engaged in study either at school or under a private 
tutor. A portion of his time, however, was employed in 
teaching. The object of this w.as two-fold : firstly, to pro- 
cure the means necessary for a present livelihood ; secondly, 
that he might secure the funds necessary for the prosecution 
of his future studies. \Vhen he had arrived at his majority 
he entered the office of the late Dr. James Riley, at Sucka- 
sunny, Morris county. New Jersey, where he devoted his 




I '^X ^^ 



Ssia^JH Ca PhdoA * 



^. ^ <^^-^6^~^^ ^.SJ. 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 



97 



whole time and attention to the study of the profession he 
had chosen. In the autumn of 1859 he matriculated in 
the medical department of the University of New York, 
from which he was graduated in the spring of 1861. After 
leaving the medical school he located at White House, New 
Jersey, where he practised his profession for a short time. 
In the fall of 1862 he entered thg United States service as a 
Contract Surgeon, after having passed an examination be- 
fore the Board of Examiners appointed by the Surgeon- 
General for the Department of New York, of which Ur. 
Valentine Mott was President, and was ordered to report 
for duty, September 1st, at Newark, where he was engaged 
in the army hospital service until March 26lh, 1863. He 
then received a commission from Governor Parker as 
Assistant-Surgeon of the 4th New Jersey Volunteers, and 
reported promptly to the commandant of his regiment, but 
very soon after was detached from that command and 
ordered to report to Dr. Asch, Medical Director of the Ar- 
tillery Reserve, and by him directed to take charge of the 
4th Artillery Brigade, then located at Falmouth, Virginia. 
He remained with that command until after the battle of 
Gettysburg, when he received orders to return to his regi- 
ment (the 4th New Jersey), of which he was commissioned 
Surgeon, with the rank of Major, on November 4th. Shortly 
after this hatter date he was detailed as one of the operating 
surgeons to the 1st Brigade, 1st Division, of the 6th Army 
Corps, stationed in front of Petersburg, Virginia, at this time. 
In this capacity he had remained but a few months when 
he was ordered to take charge of the 1st Division, 6lh 
Army Corps Hospital, and at the same time m.ade Acting 
Medical Purveyor to the corps. He retained this laller 
position and continued to discharge the duties of the office 
until the close of the war, retiring from the service July 
lolh, 1865. Returning to civil life he made choice of Jersey 
City as his future residence, and renewed the practice of his 
profession, which has become large and lucrative. Al- 
tliough actively engaged in practice he still finds time for 
study, and veiy few men at any period of life enter into it 
with more ardor or better success. He has frequently been 
heard to say to members of his profession : " If you would 
s]5end less time in the drug stores ; less time in places of 
amusements; devote every moment, not actually required 
for the attendance of your patients or the performance of 
other necessaiy duties, to study, then, in due time, you would 
be rewarded and' your profession honored." He has little 
respect for the plea often made by members of the medical 
profession that the weather is now too cold or too hot for 
study, and is probably inclined to think that such men aie 
too lazy for their profession. He has not only endeavored 
to advance himself but has also endeavored to advance the 
interests of the profession. The passage of the act legaliz- 
ing dissection of human cadavera in this State was secured 
principally through the efforts of the doctor and his friend. 
Dr. J. D. McGill. The same may be also said in regard 
to the formation of the New Jersey Academy of Medicine. 
'3 



He is a Fellow of the New Jersey Academy of Medicine ; 
Permanent Member of the American Medical Association ; 
Member of the New York Neurological Society, and also 
the Jersey City Pathological Society. He is now President 
of the New Jersey Academy of Medicine, and he like- 
wise held at one time the office of President of the District 
Medical Society for the County of Hudson, New Jersey. 
He was appointed Attending Surgeon -to the Jersey City 
Charity Hospital at the time of its organization in 1S69, and 
also appointed Attending Surgeon to the St. Francis Hos- 
pital in 1873, and still continues to discharge the duties of 
Ijoth positions at the present time. He has, from time to 
time, contributed essays and reports of cases to medical 
literature of the day, among which may be mentioned the 
following: "A Case of Facial Neuralgia Treated by Extir- 
pation of the Superior Maxillary Nerve;" The Medical 
Record, October 1 6th, 1 871; "A Case of Hematoma of 
the Thigli, Two Operations : Death ; " The Medical Record, 
February 20th, 1875; "The Pathology and Treatment of 
Chronic Ulcers; " New York Medical Journal, July, 1875; 
"A Supposed Case of Rabies Canina Treated with Strychnia 
and Wonrara : Recovery ; " The American Journal of Medi- 
cal Sciences, ']m\'j, 187b; "Femoral Aneurism Treated by 
Plugging the Sac : Death, Caused by Hemorrhage from 
Deep Epigastric Artery, on the Eighteenth Day ; Autopsy ; 
Remarks;" The American Journal of Medical Sciences, 
October, 1876. He was married, September 24th, 1868, 
to Phebe A., only daughter of H. M. Trajihagen, of Jersey 
City, and has two children, Myra M. and Henry M. T. 



ORTON, REV. LEVI WARREN, Rector of St. 
Luke's Episcopal Church, Metuchen, was born in 
Genesee county. New York, October 17th, 1819. 
His father, Elijah Norton, came of New England 
parentage, Ijeing a native of Connecticut ; he was 
a contractor and builder. His mother, Maiy M. 
Beardley, was a native of New York State. The prelim- 
inary education of the subject of this sketch was obtained 
at Lowville Academy, Lowville, Lewis county. New York. 
From that institution he proceeded to the Cherry Valley 
Academy, Otsego county, in the same State, where he pre- 
pared for college. In 1840 he entered Union College, 
Schenectady, where he spent three years. Then, becoming 
a candidate for holy orders in the Protestant Episcopal 
Church, he pursued the study of theology for one year 
under Rev. E. A. Renouf, of Lowville. Thereafter he 
entered the General Theological Seminary of New Yorii, 
where his ministerial studies were completed. He grad- 
uated in 1S46, and on July 26th, of the same year, he was 
ordained by Bishop Dclaney, of New York. His first p.as- 
torate was at Watertown, Jefferson county. New York, in 
which place he officiated for seven years as Rector of 
Trinity Church. Receiving a call from Jamestown, Cha- 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 



t.iu<iua county, in the same State, he removed to that field 
of labor, in which he remained engaged for seventeen years. 
During this period his church was twice destroyed by fire, 
but each time it was rebuilt. In September, 1S70, he re- 
moved to Metuchen to accept his present charge. He was 
married, October 15th, 1S46, to Elizabeth P. Leonard, of 
Lowville. 



-OUGHTON, CHARLES IIEXRV, Brevet 
Colonel United States Volunteers, and Collector 
of Customs for the Disirict of Perth Amboy, New 
Jersey, was born, April 30th, 1S42, in McComb 
township, St. Lawrence county, New Yorl;, and 
is the second son of William and Eliza A. (Bent- 
ley) Houghton, both of whom are natives of that Stale. 
His father's family trace their descent from one of three 
brothers who emigrated from Houghton Tower, Lancashire, 
England, a few years subsequent to the landing of the Pil- 
grims, and who settled in Massnchusctts, Colonel Charles 
H. Houghton being the eighth in descent frum one of the 
three brothers. He received a fair educition, both in the 
disirict and private schools, occasionally assisting in his 
fuller's store. In 1853 his father died, leaving a widow 
and six children without much means. Shortly after this 
young Houghton found a position in an union store at De 
Peyster Corners, where he remained several years, winning 
the confidence and esteem of all. Owing in part to failing 
healtli, he left the position, and after active work on a farm 
obtained a situation in a large dry-goods house in Ogdens- 
burg, where he continued until the outbreak of the rebellion. 
Although but nineteen years of age he resolved to volunteer, 
and having obtained his mother's permission, both he and 
an elder brother commenced raising a company, which was, 
however, too late to be accepted in the first call for troops. 
Shortly after the second call was made the company (H of 
the 33d Regiment, National Guard, State of New York), to 
which both himself and brother had belonged for four years 
previously, volunteered in a body, and was the first to reach 
Camp \Vlieeler, at Ogdensburg, which camp was named in 
honor of the Republican candidate for the Vice-Presidency 
in 1876. Though he enlisted only as a private, yet he was 
at once promoted to First or Orderly Sergeant of his com- 
pany, in which capacity he served for over a year. The 
regiment was designated as the 60th New York Volunteers, 
and was ordered to proceed to Washington, but was finally 
posted at the Relay House, where it performed guard 
duty on the railroad until the spring of 1862, when the regi- 
ment was ordered to rein'.orce General Banks' Corps, after 
it had been forced back on Harper's Ferry by Stonewall 
Jackson. While in the"" section of Virginia around Little 
Washington, much sickness prevailed in the command ; and 
he had a taste of the malarial fever which seemed indigenous 
to the locality. The regiment had a narrow escape from 
capture after the second battle of Bull Run, but eventually 



rejoined the Union forces at Cenlreville, making a forced 
march of twenty-eight miles through the rain and mud, and 
anived in time to support General Phil Kearny at the battle 
of Chantilly, September 1st, 1862. He was recommended 
for promotion to the grade of Second Lieutenant by his 
colonel shortly before the latter's death at the battle of An- 
tietam, where young Houghton greatly distinguished him- 
self for bravery and coolness while under fire. His regiment 
became separated from the main body of the Union army, 
and in joining the latter lost heavily. Young Houghton, 
seeing the lieutenant-colonel in danger, interposed his own 
body as a shield, though without that officer's knowledge. 
The rest of the autumn was passed at London Heights and 
Harper's Ferry, whence the regiment marched, December 
loth, for Fredericksburg, where they passed their time in 
m.arching and countermarching, interspersed with an occa- 
sional skirmish. They finally removed to Acqnia Creek 
Landing, where they encamped and erected several forts. 
In the spring of 1S63, being desirous to return home on 
business. Lieutenant Houghton solicited a leave of absence, 
which not being granted, he for a second time tendered bis 
resignation, which w.as accepted, the first having been re- 
turned him by General Hooker with this indorsemen' : 
"Disapproved; the services of this officer cannot be 
pared." His regiment accompanied Hooker to Sherman's 
army, with which they served until the close of the war, his 
brother and stepbrother remaining as privates during the 
entire two terms of the regiment's service, refusing promo- 
tions tendered them. Young Houghton returned home, 
married, and re-entered the mercantile house at Ogilens- 
burg, in which he had previously held a position; but he 
did not continue there any length of time. The 14th New 
York Artillery was then organizing at Rochester, and its 
colonel, learning through his recruiting oflicer of young 
Houghton's presence in Ogdensburg, immediately tendered 
him a Captaincy if he would organize a company. About 
this time he also received a letter of authority from the gov- 
ernor to raise a company, and he accepted the same. The 
requisite number was soon raised, and among them came 
his former captain, in whose favor he wished to withdraw, 
accepting a subordinate position ; but the latter would not 
permit it and only asked for a lieutenancy. The company 
thus recruited was probably tHe largest in number and 
stature that left the State during the war, numbering 172 
officers and men. The regiment performed garrison duty 
in the forts of New York harbor until the spring of 1864, 
when they were ordered to the front. At the o|iening of 
the great Sanitary Fair in New York city, 1600 officers 
and men of the regiment participated in the public demon- 
stration, and the whole corps came together for the first time 
in dress parade at Alexandria, Virginia, numbering nearly 
2,300 officers and men. On their arrival at the seat of war 
they joined the 9th Corps, under General Burnside, and 
were in time to participate in the first day's fight at the bat- 
tle of the Wilderness. Captain Houghton commanded the 




"#? 



iitar/ Tai OlJ^i!^^ 




BIOGRAPHICAL EXCVCLOr.EDIA. 



99 



picket line on the extreme right of the Union army ; at his 
front were rebel cavalry, and being allowed to reconnoitre, 
he advanced his line of skirmishei-s over a mile, and finding 
no infantiy, re-established his line. General Grant's great 
flank movement to Spottsylvania was next executed, and to 
Captain Houghton was again assigned the command of the 
skirmishers, with whom he advanced and drew the fire of 
tlie enemy. The latter attempted to dislodge him, but he 
retained his lines until his ammunition was exhausted, 
losing heavily, but inflicting greater loss upon the enemy. 
In an attack. May 31st, near Tolopotamy creek, his bat- 
talion was almost surrounded by the enemy, but was happily 
withdrawn by the major, who followed the suggestion of 
Captain Houghton. On June 1st the flank movement on 
Cold Harbor was executed, when his line was the last to be 
withdrawn, as it was detailed to protect the ammunition 
trains and artillery. In rejoining the main line they were 
attacked by the rebels, and asevere engagement, lasting far into 
the night, ensued. Twice were they driven by a flank attack 
from the position they sought to hold, until the trains were 
safe within our main line. Each time they fought their way 
back, retaking the position again. Captain Houghton being 
conspicuous in leading the movement of his men, though 
he had received a contused wound in the left leg, and twice 
he was in the enemy's I a ids that night, escaping through 
the darkness. Next followed the great flank movement to 
City Point, and the 9th Corps was ordered to take the rebel 
works with the bayonet. This was executed, though great 
loss ensued. Captain Houghton's company losing heavily, 
and in the entire regiment but four captains remained. The 
three battalions were consolidated into two, the first of 
■which Captain Houghton commanded until March 25th, 
1865. During the fii-st siege of Petersburg, his regiment 
occupied the advanced lines and exposed portions during 
the greater part of the summer of 1 864. On July 30th the 
mine was sprung, when Captain Houghton led the charge 
upon the works, capturing prisoners and two guns, which 
he turned upon the rebels, while the other battalion charged 
beyond the rebel works and captured a stand of colors from 
a South Carolina regiment. The regiment, not being prop- 
erly supported, was obliged to withdraw, having suffered a 
loss of 127 officers and men. Throughout the remaining 
portion of the year his regiment was continually engaged in 
the most exposed situations and hazardous operations, espe- 
cially in the attack and capture of a portion of Mahone's 
Division, and where he properly won his Majorship. In 
November, 1S64, with his battalion, he assumed command 
of Fort Haskell, in front of Petersburg, and so continued 
until March 25th, 1865, the date of the attack on Fort 
Steadman. The rebels having captured the latter, his posi- 
tion at Fort Haskell became very precarious, as the enemy 
not only turned the guns of Steadman on him, but also all 
the batteries lying between those works, which they also 
captured, and all the guns in their main line. The bom- 
bardment of Fort Haskell was terrific ; as many as fifty shells 



were seen at one time to f.ill within it. Wliile repelling the 
enemy's charge on the works Captain Houghton received 
his supposed fatal wounds. Before he was removed to the 
bomb-proof he was again wounded in the head. The attack 
on Fort Haskell was repulsed, though the rebels outnum- 
bered the Union men ten-fold, and they were driven back to 
Fort Steadman, from which it was death to reach their own 
lines again, aud they ultimately surrendered to the re- 
mainder of the 14th Regiment, his battalion having made a 
sortie from Fort Haskell and recaplmed the works. Cap- 
tain Houghton's death was reported among the list of 
casualties, but his life was spared, though he lost his right 
leg. After remaining at the field hospital until after the fall 
of Petersburg, he was removed to City Point, and eventu- 
ally to Washington, which city was reached on tlie day 
President Lincoln died. He remained at Armory Square 
Hospital for many weaiy weeks, hovering between life and 
death, attended by his faithful wife. But his strong will 
asserted itself and he recovered. Governor Fenton, learn- 
ing that he had been thrice recommended for promotion, 
which he did not obtain at the hands of the Democratic 
Executive, conferred upon him the brevet rank of Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel, for gallantry at Forts Steadman and Haskell 
and general good conduct; and subsequently he was again 
brevetted as Colonel, for gallant and meritorious services in 
the field and general good conduct during the war, he hav- 
ing distinguished himself by some act of bravery in every 
battle of his regiment, never having been, during his term 
of service, whether as an enlisted man or commissioned 
officer, under arrest or court-martial. While at the hospital 
he was asked if he desired to return home on leave of ab- 
sence ; but he replied that he would prefer returning to his 
regiment for duty. The necessary order was given in pen- 
cil by Secretary Stanton to the adjutant-general, so that the 
latter could issue it in proper form; but that official de- 
clined to make such order, as Major Houghton's condition 
was such as to be unable to perform any duty ; that there was 
no precedent for such a course. Again the Secretary of 
War issued the memorandum, but the adjutant-general de- 
clined. In the meantime Major Houghton contrived an- 
other plan, and resolved to put it into execution. On the 
same day General Marshall (his colonel), commanding the 
brigade, asked him if he desired to return to camp, saying 
that he had a position on his staff" which he had reserved 
for him. To this the Major replied by narrating his own 
eflTorts to secure a return to duty, and the difficulties in the 
way. Finally General Marshall, by adopting a certain 
course, which the Major had studied out, managed to 
get him returned to duty, and as a member of his military 
family. It was altogether an exceptional case, and reflects 
great honor on the then Major for his persistent efforts to 
return to the field, where others who had lost a limb were 
discharged from the service. He left the hospital in an am- 
bulance, and was heartily greeted and welcomed by his 
comrades in bivouac and battle, who were then stationed in 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 



Forts Mansfield, Sumner, Reno, etc. He was ordered the 
next day to report to General Marshall for duly on his staff 
as Inspector-General of the ist Brigade, Hardin's Division 
of the 22d Army Corps. Entermg immediately on his 
duties, he remained until he received an order from General 
Au^er, detailing him upon a General Court-M.irtial, and 
also upon a Military Commission at the old Capitol Prison 
iu Washington. While engaged in these duties, his regiment 
received orders for being mustered out of the service ; and, 
upon learning this fact, he decided at once to request the 
authoriiies to be relieved from the duty he was performing 
so that he might accompany his regiment home. He was 
urged at head-quartei^s to remain on duty and in service, 
when he could have been transferred to the regular army, 
and, in fact, he w.as so informed. But the war was over, 
and conscious that his whole duty had been performed ac- 
ceptably to the government and to his own credit, and also 
believing that his services were no longer necessary, he in- 
sisted on being relieved in time to join the regiment, which 
was granted, and he reached the depot in time to take the 
special train that was to convey his regiment homeward. 
Here again he was heartily cheered by his men. Having 
reached Rochester the regiment was disbanded, and in ta'K- 
ing leave of his men for the last time, many stern and brave 
hearts softened, and bronzed cheeks were moistened with 
tears of affection. After a brief sojourn at home, and receiv- 
ing several offers to engage in business, he was tendered by 
Hon. Preston King, who had been appointed collector of 
customs for the district of New York, a position in the civil 
service, and he entered upon his duties there October 1st, 
1865. He remained in the New York Customs Depart- 
ment for about eight and a half years, and where, by strict 
attention to his duties, he was several times promoted. On 
April 1st, 1875, he entered upon the duties of his present 
position as Collector for the District of Perth Amboy, New 
Jersey, his fitness for the post being conceded by the leading 
men of the State and indorsed by the press. He was mar- 
ried, August iSth, 1S63, in Michigan, to Lavonia, fourth 
daughter of Colonel John .Anderson, the Litter being the 
first white male child born at Paulus Hook (now Jersey 
City), and the great-grandson of General Schuyler, of revo- 
lutionary renown. 



ILLS, ALFRED, Lawyer, of Morristown, was 
born, July 24th, 1827, in that town, and is a son 
of Lewis and Sarah (Este) Mills, both of whom 
were also natives of New Jersey. His father was 
for a long period a merchant of Morristown. His 
mother was the daughter of Captain Moses Este, 
a soldier of the revoh.tirmry war. and a participant in the 
battle of Monmouth, where he was wounded and left on the 
field. Captain Esie was discovered by Colonel Hamilton, 
who was on the staff of General Washington, and who hap- 
pened to be nding over the field after the fight was over. 



He had him removed at once to a place of safety and cared 
for ; and Captain Este ever after considered that his life had 
been saved by Hamilton, for he doubtless would have 
perished had he remained in his suffering condition much 
longer. Twenly-five years after the occurrence, Alexander 
Hamilton himself related these facts to the captain's son. 
Judge Este, who, in turn, nearly seventy years after the 
battle was fought, made a narration of the rescue to those 
of the present generation. Young Mills received a thorough 
academical education at the Morristown Academy, and then 
matriculated at Yale College in 1S44, from which institution 
he graduated in 1847. He shortly afterwards commenced 
the study of the law in the office of the late Chief-Justice 
Edward W. Whelpley, at Morristown, and was licensed as 
an attorney in 1851, and as a counsellor-at-law in 1854. 
He immediately entered upon the practice of his profession 
in his native town, where he has since continued to reside, 
and where he is engaged in the control of an extensive and 
lucrative line of business. He has ever been a member of 
the Republican party; and during the civil war look an 
active part in sustaining the government both with money 
and influence. He was appointed Prosecutor of the Pleas 
for Morris County in 1867, and served in that position for 
five years. In 1874 he was elected by the Republicans 
Mayor of Morristown, and served in that capacity until 
1876. In the latter year he was the nominee, also of the 
Republicans, for the Forty-fifth Congress at the election in 
November, but the Democrats carried the State. He is a 
Director of the Fii-st National Bank of Morristown, and also 
one of the Managers of the Morristown Savings Bank ; and 
has been since its commencement a Director in the new 
Library. He was married, September 24th, 1857, to Cath- 
arine, daughter of Judge Aaron Coe, of Westfield, New 
Jersey, who died the same year. 



AYLOR, H. GENET, M. D., Physician, of Cam- 
den, was born, July 6ih, 1S37, at Charmantol, the 
residence of his uncle. General Henry J. Genet, 
X|i^ near Troy, New York, and is the son of the late 
CQp Dr. Othniel H. Taylor, who shortly after his son's 
birth removed to Camden, New Jersey. The 
latter received his rudimentary education in the primary 
schools, and completed the same in the Academy of the 
Protestant Episcopal Church, in Philadelphia. He then 
commenced reading medicine under his father's supervision 
and preceptorship, and also matriculated in the medical de- 
partment of the University of Pennsylvania, graduating 
therefrom in the spring of i860. He immediately there- 
after entered upon the practice of his profession in Camden, 
where he continued until the outbreak of the rebellion. He 
entered the service in 1861 as Assistant Surgeon of the 8lh 
Regiment, New Jersey Volunteers, and was in active duty 
in the field with the Army of the Potomac during the first 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 



three years of the war; and during his last eighteen months 
of service he was Surgeon in charge of the Medical Depart- 
ment of the Artillery Brigade of the 3d Corps, Army of the 
Potomac. On his return to civil life he resumed the prac- 
tice of medicine in Camden. In 1864 he was appointed a 
member of the Board of Enrolment, where, as Medical E.\- 
aminer, he served until the close of the rebellion. He is a 
member and Secretary of the Camden County Medical So- 
ciety, a member of the New Jersey Medical Society, and 
also of the American Medical Association. He is likewise 
Reporter for the New Jersey Sanitary Association, and a 
member of the New Jersey Academy of Medicine 



', BERCROMBIE, REV. RICHARD MASON, 
D. D., Clergyman and Rector of St. Matthew's 
Church, Jersey City, was born, 1S22, in the city 
of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and is a son of the 
late Rev. James Abercrombie, D. D., one of the 
assistant ministers of the United Churches of 
Christ, St. Peter's and St. James', in that city. He was 
educated in his native city, and graduated in the depart- 
ment of arts in the University of Pennsylvania, July, 1840. 
Having resolved to devote himself to the ministry of the 
church, he matriculated in the General Theological Semi- 
nary of the Protestant Episcopal Church, in New York city, 
and after pursuing the regular three years' course in that 
institution, graduated as Bachelor of Divinity in 1843; and 
in the same year received the degree of Master of Arts from 
his Alma Mater. His ministerial duties commenced, soon 
after his ordination, in St. Andrew's Church, Harlem, New 
York, where he oflficiated until 1849, when he accepted the 
rectorship of the Church of the Intercession, at Washington 
Heights, in the same diocese, and occupied that position 
until 1852. During his residence at that place he received 
a call to Trinity Church, Chicago, which he declined. In 
1852 he received and accepted a call from St. John's 
Church, Clifton, Staten Island, of which he was the incum- 
bent four years ; and during this time his former parishioners 
at Washington Heights urged him to return to them once 
more, but he did not feel inclined to accede to their wishes. 
He also received, shortly afterwards, a call from Christ 
Church, Hartford, Connecticut, which he then declined ; 
but upon its renewal he accepted the same, and removed 
there in 1856. His ministrations there were greatly blessed 
and he officiated until 1862, when he was stricken down 
with typhoid fever, and thereupon resigned his charge, hav- 
ing determined to recruit his health by a long vacation, 
during which he would indulge in travelling. His resigna- 
tion was accepted, and was accompanied by a substantial 
token from his parishioners, who in this manner testified 
their appreciation of his worth and services. Having re- 
gained his health, he accepted a call in 1863 to take charge 
of St. Paul's Church, Rahway, New Jersey, where he so- 



journed for nine years. In acknowledgment of his merit 
the honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred 
on him, in 1865, by his Alma Mater, the University of 
Pennsylvania. In 1872 he received a call from St. Mat- 
thew's Church, Jersey City, which he accepted and removed 
thither. He found this parish in a rather precarious condi- 
tion, which was the result of a combination of unfortunate 
circumstances; one of these was the fact that the church 
edifice was located in the lower part of the city, while many 
of the parishioners had removed further up town, and the 
other arose from dissatisfaction with a previous rector. 
Dr. Abercrombie, however, began his ministry of recon- 
ciliation, and by means of his energy and perseverance in 
building up, the congregation returned to the fold, and the 
fruits of his labor are apparent in the fact that at present 
there are no sittings vacant in St. Matthew's Church. 
When the diocese of New Jersey was divided, a few years 
since, his name was prominently used as a candidate for the 
new see, but fortunately for his parish he was not elected. 
He is the President of the Hudson County Church Hospital 
and Home, in Magnolia avenue, Jersey City, an institution 
which, although under the control of the Protestant Episco- 
pal Church, is open for the reception of patients of all de- 
nominations, and is doing a good work in the community. 
He is also Dean of the Convocation of Jersey City, in the 
Diocese of Northern New Jersey. As a talented preacher 
he is well known in the community wherein his lot is cast, 
and his sermons show careful thought in their preparation, 
being delivered with that earnestness of manner which car- 
ries conviction to the hearts of his hearers of his sincerity 
and belief in what he says. 



REEMAN, ELLIS B., A. M., M. D., Physician, 
of Woodbridge, was born in that town, June iSth, 
1807, and is a son of Jonathan and Pho?be (Bar- 
ron) Freeman, his father being engaged in agri- 
cultural pursuits. He obtained his preliminary 
education at the academy in his native town, and 
in 1825 entered Princeton College, from which institution he 
graduated in the class of 1S27. He then commenced the 
study of medicine with Dr. Matthias Freeman, an old and em- 
inent practitioner of Woodbridge, and also attended a three 
years' course at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in 
New York, graduating from that institution in the spring 
of 1831. During the following summer, while the Camden 
& Amboy Railroad was in process of construction, there was 
considerable sickness among the laborers on the road, and 
he was requested to go to Amboy, which request he com- 
plied w-ith, and practised his profession there until the au- 
tumn of that year. He then returned to Woodbridge and 
opened an office, where he has since continued to reside, 
and has the control of an extensive medical patronage. He 
is a member of the Middlesex County Medical Society, and 



BIOGRAFHICAL ENXYCLOP.^DIA. 



Ms filled the offices of Treasurer and President of that body 
He is one of the Trustees of the " Barron Library to be 
"nstructedinWoodbridge fro.n an endowment fund 
fifty thousand dollars, bequeathed for *at purpose by he 
late Thomas Barron, of Woodbridge. Fur more than 
winty years past he has been President of the Board of 
Trus e of th'e First Presbyterian Church of VV.>odbr,dge, 
Ihich is one of the oldest religious soceties ,„ the cou,.t.^ 
During the revolutionary war, its pastor, the Rev. Haze 
Roe D. D.. was taken prisoner by the British, and carr.ed 
to Staten Island. Dr. Freeman was carried m 1834 to 
Martha, daughter of Samuel Edgar, of Woodbr.dge. For 
threes ccess^e years, viz., .858. .859 -d >S6o he was a 
member of the Legislature of New J-ey- an^ Jor four 
years just past a member of the Board of Chosen Free- 
holders of the County of Middlesex. 



adjudicated after he became connected w.th the matter as 
counsel. He is at present the legal adv.ser of the X^ells- 
boro- F>re Insurance Company, as also fur several budding 
loan associations, and other corporations; and .s one of the 
Board of D.recto.^ of the Some>-set County Bank. He >s 
highly respected by his fellow-townsmen, as well as by h.s 
brethren at the bar. In political faith he is an eaniest 
Democrat, and has done that party good ser^•ice in several 
sharply-contested campaigns, but he is no office-seeker, nor 
has he ever held any public position, except being con- 
nected with the School Board and the Town Council. In 
1867 he was honored by receiving from Princeton College 
the degree of Master of Arts. He was married in 1S68 to 
Miss Van Deveer, of Rocky Hill. 



Freeman, SAMUEL E., M. D., son of the pre- 
ceding, is a graduate of the College of Physicians 
and Surgeons of New York city, where he re- 
ceived his diploma in 1S58, and has since con- 
stantly resided in Woodbridge, engaged in the 
practice of medicine. During the two adminis- 
trations of President Lincoln, and also during a portion of 
President Grant's, he was Postmaster of Woodbridge. He 
w.is married, 1866, to Kate F. Randolph, of New York 
city, who died in January, 1873. 



'^ERHCNE, WILLIAM L., Lawyer, of Malawan, 
New Jersey, Master and Examiner in Chancery, 
and Supreme Court Commissioner of New Jersey. 
He is also the Nota.7 Public of the Fanhers' and 
Merchants' Bank, in Matawan, the Counsel and 
one of the Directors of that institution. His 
le°al practice extends to the counties of Monmouth and 
Middlesex, in which he has been actively engaged for the 
past thirty years. Mr. Terhune is a graduate of Rutgers 
College ; studied law with the late Hon. James S. Nevms ; 
was married in 1843 to Margaret, daughter of William 
Little, former president of the Farmers' and Merchants- 
Bank,' of Middletown Point. His father, the Hon. John 
Terhune, of New Brunswick, New Jersey, is still living. 



IjARTINE, JOHN D., Lawyer, was bom, 1836, 
near Princeton, New Jersey. He received a 
good education, and graduated at the Lawrence- 
ville High School in 1S5S. For several years 
thereafter he was engaged in teaching school, and 
in 1 86 1 commenced the study of law in the office 
of J. F. Hageman, of Princeton. He was licensed to prac- 
tise law in 1865, and immediately thereafter removed to 
Somerville, where he opened a law office and speedily ac- 
quired reputation and practice ; and his business has con- 
tinued to increase until it now has attained a prominence 
second to none in this section of the State. He is regarded 
not only as an excellent counsellor, but an eloquent and 
able advocate; and, in his addresses before the jury or the 
court, seldom neglects any point in the cases which are 
confided to him, besides being ready to detect any weakness 
or defect in his opponent's argument. He practises in all 
the courts, and in all the branches of the profession ; and 
during the past ten years has managed some of the most 
important and intricate cases which have been heard in the 
courts of his county; noticeably, the Vanarsdale murder 
case, the Vanderveer will case, and the long-contested 
water-right c.«e of Ten Eyck vs. Runk, which was finally 



MITH, CHARLES McKNIGHT, M. D., Physi- 
cian, late of Perth Amboy, was born, September 
29th, 1803, at Havei-straw, Rockland county, New 
York, and was a son of Samuel Smith, an attorney 
and counsellorat law. On his mother's side he 
was the grandson of Dr. Charles McKnight, from 
whom he was named, and whose biographical sketch ap- 
pears elsewhere in this volume. He received an excellent 
education, and having chosen the medical profession for his 
future career, became a student in the office of Dr. Corneli- 
son, of Haverstraw, whom he selected as his preceptor. 
He also matriculated in the New York College of Medicine, 
from which he graduated with honor, April 9th, 1827. He 
at once entered upon the practice of medicine, selecting as 
his field of operations the county of St. Mary, in the State 
of Mar\'land, but he remained there only a short time, as the 
prospects were far from encouraging. Returning northward 
he located in Perth Amboy, where he continued during the 
remainder of his life. His practice was an extensive one, 
being confined not merely to the town of Perth Amboy, but 



BIOGRAPHICAL EXCYCI.OP.EDIA. 



103 



extending across the river to South Amboy and its neigh- 
borhood, while he had frequent calls from points on Staten 
Island ; and in those days, there being no established fer- 
ries, he underwent considerable exposure in crossing those 
waters. He took a great interest in political matters, and 
although he differed from the majority which obtamed in 
his town, yet he was several times elected to different po- 
sitions in its municipal government, without any solicitation 
on his part to become a candidate. During the famous 
Harrison campaign of 1840 he took an active part in favor 
of the " hero of Tippecanoe," and his services were recog- 
nized by the new President, who conferred on him the Col- 
lectorship of Customs for the District of Perth Amboy, then 
reg.arded as one of the best Federal othces in the State. He 
retained this position for but one-half the period named in 
his commission, owing to the disorganization of the party, 
produced by the return of President Tyler to the Demo- 
cratic party. At a later period, however, on the accession 
of General Taylor to the Presidency, Dr. Smith was again 
appointed to the same office, which he held for the full 
period of four years. Subsequent to the inauguration of 
General Grant, in 1S69, he w.is a third time the recipient 
of the same office, and held it until the expiration of his 
commission, in 1873, when it was renewed for another terra 
of four years. But his health, which until this period had 
been unimpaired, now began to fail; and the disorder that 
threatened him became more and more develojied, and not- 
withstanding he had the best medical skill all was unavail- 
in<j. For many years he held the position of Health Officer 
of the city. In religious belief he was a member of the 
Protestant Episcopal Church, and for thirty years a vestiy- 
man of St. Peter's Church. He died, February 3d, 1874, 
uuiversally lamented by his fellow-townsmen and friends. 



ARD, WILLIAM S., A. B., A. M., M. D., of New- 
ark, was born in Bloonifield, New Jersey, July 
13th, 1821. His parents, Eleazer D. and Eliza- 
beth (Dodd) Ward, were also natives of New- 
Jersey. His father, the late Dr. Ward, of Bloom- 
field,. was for many yeai-s successfully engaged in 
his profession in that place. After a thorough preparatory 
course at an excellent academy in Bloonifield, William S. 
Ward entered Princeton College in 1838, from which he 
graduated in the class of 1841, receiving in due course the 
degrees of A. B. and A. M. Selecting the medical profes- 
sion, he commenced his studies, in 1846, under the guidance 
of his father, and matriculated at the College of Physicians 
and Surgeons, of New York, from which he graduated, after 
a thorough course of three years, in the spring of 1849. 
Locating himself in Newark, he immedi.itely entered upon 
the active duties of his profession, where he has been con- 
stantly and successfully engaged since that period. lie has 
at different times served as District Physician, in which 




position he has given entire satisfaction to the community. 
During the operation of the Ward Hospital, in Newark, 
he was connected with its staff as Assistant Surgeon, and 
shortly after the battle of the Wilderness was detailed for 
duty at Washington, District of Columbia, where he per- 
formed efficient service. Since entering upon the practice 
of medicine he has devoted his entire time to the interests 
of his profession, and enjoys the esteem of his professional 
brethren as well as the respect of the comijiunity at large in 
which he has successfully labored for nearly thirty years. 
He is a member of the Essex Medical Union. He was 
married, May lolh, 1S50, to Elizabeth H. Stitt, of Phila- 
delphia. 



ABRISKIE, HON. ABRAHAM O., LL. D., 
Lawyer, Jurist and late Chancellor of New- 
Jersey, was born, June loth, 1807, in the 
then village of Greenbush, opposite Albany, 
in the State of New York, and when four years old 
removed with his parents to Millstone, New Jersey. 
He received a thorough academical education, and sub- 
sequently matriculated at Nassau Hall, Princeton, in 
1823, becoming a member of the junior class when only 
sixteen years of age. He remained in college for two 
years only, and graduated with the class of 1S25. In the 
same year he commenced the study of law in the office of 
James S. Green, of Princeton, and was licensed as an 
attorney in November, 1828; being admitted as counsellor- 
at-law in 1831. At first he selected Newark as the point 
where he would practise his profession ; but after a resi- 
dence of less than two years he removed to Hackensack, 
where he sojourned for nineteen years. Here he was 
thrown amid a quiet, slow agricultural population, where 
he gradually matured his intellectual powers, and gathered 
strength which lasted during life. He gained the confi- 
dence of the people, and they in turn trusted him as they 
had never trusted any one before. In 1S38 he was ap- 
pointed Surrogate of Bergen County, and five years later 
was reappointed, holding that position for a period of ten 
years. During his incumbency he not only accurately 
learned how to frame the statements of executors and ad- 
ministr.ators, but he acquired a full knowledge of the his- 
tory of ecclesiastical law, as pertaining to the estates of de- 
cedents, which made his counsels valuable in his after life. 
During the period of his administration of this office he 
evinced a method and accuracy which distinguished his 
life, and the discipline and care about minute details that 
he acquired in this position lasted him ever afterward ; and 
there was no man in the profession, in litigated causes in 
the Orphans' Court or Prerogative Court, whose services 
were more valuable than his. In 1842 he was appointed 
Prosecutor of the Pleas for Bergen County, and in this po- 
sition he became master of the principles of the criminal 
law, so that no one who-was really guilty of its infraction 



BIOGRAPHICAL EXCVCLOP.EDIA. 



ever went unpunished for lack of effort on his part. He 
was so especially noted for his success in practice of this 
kind that he was frequently called upon, at later dates, both 
to prosecute and defend in criminal causes. During his 
residence in Bergen county he was retained as counsel in 
many cases before the civil courts, and especially in those 
involving questions of titles to lands. By this means he 
became thoroughly familiar with the duties of a practical 
surveyor, and also with the proprietary history of New 
Jersey, and understood every patent in the old " Field Book 
of Bergen County," and the common lands assigned to 
each patent. He was regarded by the legal fraternity as a 
most formidable .ndversar>- in all those cases where the title 
to land was involved. Having been a practitioner in the 
Supreme Court for some years, during which period he had 
been noted for his thorough research and capacity for 
patient labor, he was named Reporter for that tribunal, and 
held that position until 1855. He removed from Hacken- 
sack in 1S49, and selected Jersey City, in the county of 
Hudson, as his future, and, as it proved, his final resi- 
dence. To the people of this county he was no stranger, 
for Hudson county had been until 1S40 a portion of the 
county of Bergen, of which latter Hackensack was the shire 
town. In 1850, the year after he had removed, he was 
nominated for the State Senate and elected, his term of 
ser\-ice including the years 1S51, 1S52 and 1853. While a 
member of that body he took an important part in legisla- 
tion, and came in pei-sonal contact with many leading men 
in the State, which proved of great benefit to him after- 
wards. He was also one of the committee of citizens who 
framed the voluminous charter of Jersey City, passed March 
iSth, 1851, some of its provisions being drafted by him. 
During his senatorial career he was the means of having a 
good and sufficient lien law and also the " wharf act " 
passed. He was the author of the " Long Dock charter," 
which became a law in February, 1856, by which means 
the company bearing that cognomen were enabled to pro- 
vide the necessary means to bring the New York & Erie 
Railroad to their new terminus in Jersey City. During the 
same year he was elected a director of the New Jersey 
Railroad & Transportation Company, and held that position 
until he was made Chancellor, ten years afterwards. He 



position. He was finally nominated by Governor Ward, in 
1866, and confirmed by the Senate, and formally became 
Chancellor, May ist, 1866. The Senate stood eleven Re- 
publicans to ten Democrats ; of the Republicans one was 
opposed to him because he was opposed to the great 
monopoly, the Camden & Amboy Railroad, and this single 
Republican member was also a member of that corporation. 
But a young member of the Democratic side of the house, 
who had in times gone by been the recipient of great kind- 
nesses from his elder brother in the law, voted for his con- 
firmation, and so turned the scales. He performed the 
arduous duties of Chancellor with a promptness which has 
never been surpassed by any other officer who has held that 
position. During his administration business had greatly 
increased, yet no cause was allowed to linger by reason of a 
want of time for his examination and decision. And these 
decisions betoken a positive and independent mind, mani- 
festing great labor and research, and have established for 
him an enduring fame as a jurist. About the i>eriod when 
the great monopoly, as it was justly termed, was about to 
cease its arrogant demands, it was rumored that it sought 
an extension of twenty years, commencing January Ist, 
1869, and much discussion prevailed throughout the Stale. 
At this juncture a public meeting was held in Jersey City to 
oppose the renewal of these monopoly privileges, when 
Chancellor Zabriskie made a speech taking strong ground 
against the renewal, and declared that, rather than have so 
odious a contract perpetuated, the people should, with pick- 
axe in hand, tear up the rails. For this expression of public 
indignation he earned the soubriquet of " Captain of the 
Pickaxe Guard." But the independent portion of the com- 
munity sustained his earnest declaration, and the State has 
been relieved of the obnoxious restriction. He repeated his 
speech before a committee of the Legislature at Trenton, 
and the monopoly extension scheme was dead. It was the 
crowning act of his life to defeat this giant corporation, and 
the result is seen already in the free railroad law of the State. 
He was in all respects a most successful man. His prac- 
tice was large and lucrative, whereby he was enabled to 
gain an ample competence. As a lawyer his learning was 
great and varied, as already detailed ; and of his ability as 
a judge all his compeers bear full witness. He was re- 



soon became master of the situation, thoroughly conversant ' garded by business men as eminently sagacious in the man- 
wilh all the affairs of the company, not only as regarded the I agement of affairs; and in these particul;.rs not only was his 
road, but the rolling stock, the workshops and the multi- advice sought fur, but he was chosen to fill many positions 
farious data of so large a concern. He was nominated, in j of trust in various institutions. He was, as already stated, 
1859, by Governor Newell for the office of Chancellor of one of the directors of the New Jersey Railroad, and held 
the State, but as the Senate was politically opposed to the the same position in a bank, a life insurance and trust com- 
governor, they declined to confirm him, and the memorable I pany, and in the Jersey City Gas Company; also as a 
struggle commenced which left the Slate for a year without ' Trustee of the old Jersey City Savings Bank, besides in 
a chancellor. At the next election Charles S. Olden was sundr>' other institutions. W'hen engaged in business he 
chosen Governor, but again the Senate was opposed to him ; g.ave his whole attention to the matter before him; and 
and as he deemed that the interests of the Slate required when his Labors were over he sought recreation. During 
that his name should not be submitted to the Senate— al- j his life he was somewhat of a traveller, and more than once 
though he was his first choice— another was named for the visited the old world. Here again his methodical spirit 




'^A^. /f. /If^ X^ 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 



105 



asserted itself; for, not only was the clay of his departure 
fixed upon, but all the niinutice of his travels abroad were 
predetermined before he left his home, and the day of his 
return thither indicated. He also journeyed through a 
greater portion of the Union at various times, and he always 
adhered to the plan which he marked out to pursue. After 
his term as Chancellor e.xpired he desired to visit the 
Pacific States, and in company with a friend set out upon 
what proved to be his last journey on earth. Together 
they passed from the East to the West, over the great iron 
highway that binds the Atlantic and Pacific shores of the 
imperial republic in an unbroken link, passing over the 
fertile fields, the boundless prairies, the extended plains, 
the Rocky mountains, and the dreaiy wastes of the great 
basin intervening between this rocky barrier and the Sierra 
Nevada, into the golden State and to the shores of the 
Pacific. After being impressed with the glories of the 
most sublime natural scenery on the continent they retraced 
their steps, and on their homeward way he was suddenly 
stricken by a sickness which proved mortal. He had been 
reared in the doctrines of the Reformed Diitch Church, and 
although he had never become a communicant member of 
that denomination, he was essentially a Christian m.an. He 
was a most charitable man, and never wearied in doing 
kindnesses; and he was also a most conscientious man, for 
he took pains to know his duty, and w^hen known he faith- 
fully discharged it. He was a most diligent student, not 
only well read in law, but in history, the natural sciences, 
anatomy, medicine and theology; and what he studied at 
all was thoroughly studied. He died at Truckee, Cali- 
fornia, June 27lh, 1873, and the news of his decease, trans- 
mitted by telegraph, produced a most profound impression 
throughout the State, calling forth eulogia upon his fame 
not only as a lawyer. Senator, jurist and Chancellor, but 
also as a private citizen, a neighbor and a friend. 



|EEKMAN, HON. GEORGE CRAWFORD, 
Lawyer and Jurist, at Freehold, was born, July 
2d, i8jg, on Beekman farm, at the old village 
of Middletown, in the county of Monmouth. 
The house where he was born and reared com- 
mands a magnificent view of Staten Island, the 
Narrows, Long Island and the whole expanse of Raritan 
Bay, with Sandy Hook and the ocean beyond. Here Com- 
modore Bainbridge passed his early youth, with his grand- 
father, ■' Squire " Taylor, who then owned this farm. In 
view of the great ships, sailing up and down the blue 
waters, he doubtless formed an inclination for a life on that 
element where he afterwards won his fame. Here, too. 
General Clinton was entertained on his retreat from the 
battle of Monmouth to Sandy Hook by the Tory owner, 
whose son, Colonel Taylor, was an active and prominent 
loyalist. George C. Beekman is the second son of Rev. 
H 



Jacob Ten Broeck Beekman and his wife, Anna Crawford. 
He is seventh in descent from William Beekman, or, as 
originally spelled, Beeckman, a native of Hasselt, Overysscl, 
Holland, who was sent to America by the Dutch West 
India Company, in 1647, as one of their agents, and was 
among the earliest magistrates of New Amsterdam. One 
of his sons, Gerardus Beekman, was a physician at Flat- 
bush, Long Island, a member of Leisler's Council, and 
afterwards of the Council of New York, from Cornbury's 
time until his death, in 1723. Between 1700 and 1722 he 
purchased several large tracts of land on the Millstone and 
Raritan rivers, in Somerset county, New Jersey ; one of his 
sons and two of his grantL-ons settled on portions of those 
lands. From one of these ultimately sprang Rev. Jacob T. 
B. Beekman, who was born on Ten Broeck homestead, near 
Harlingen, in the county of Somerset. He was licensed as 
a minister of the Reformed Dutch Church, but afterward 
connected \yiih the Presbyterian Church. He helped to 
found several new churches in Monmouth county, and 
preached the gospel for half a century. He was faithful to 
his trust until his death, which occurred, without suflfering, 
April 23d, 1875. His son, George C, attended the com- 
mon school of his native village until he was thirteen years 
of age, when he entered the celebrated collegiate prepara- 
tory school of Mr. Vanderveer, at Easton, Pennsylvania. 
He left this school for a private and select school at Bergen 
Hills, then taught by Mr. Voorhees, now a lawyer at Jersey 
City. Mr. Voorhees giving up this school, he became a 
pupil in Parker's school, at Astoria, Long Island. In 1856 
he matriculated at Princeton College, and graduated in the 
class of 1S59, receiving the degrees of A. B. and A. M. in 
course. After leaving college he entered the law office of 
Joel Parker, since Governor of the State for two terms, at 
Freehold, where he acquired a full knowledge of the law, 
and was licensed by the Supreme Court at Trenton, in 
June, 1863, as an attorncy-at-law, and as counsellor three 
yeai-s later. He began the practice of his profession at 
Freehold, where he has since continued, and had up to 
1869 an extensive line of busmess. In this last-named year 
he was appointed by ihe Legislature of New Jersey, in joint 
meeting, Law Judge of the Inferior Court of Common Pleas, 
the Court of General Quarter Sessions of the place, and 
Orphans' Court of the County of Monmouth. His appoint- 
ment was for five years, but the office not being very re- 
remunerative he resigned his position at the expiration of 
three vears. While judge none of his decisions were re- 
versed by the higher courts. As a magistrate he was thor- 
ough and impartial in the administration of the law, and 
endeavored at all times to mitigate the severity of the law 
when it was consistent with the public good. At the ex- 
piration of his office there were fewer criminals In Ihe State 
prison from Monmouth county than from any other county 
of the Slate, in proportion to its population. Since resum- 
ing the practice of law he has been engaged in nearly every 
important case which has been tried at the Monmouth bar. 



BIOGRAPHICAL EXCYCLOP.ILDIA. 



1 06 

In his jury trials he has met with remarkable success, and 
is considered a strong advocate. As a lawyer he is very 
earned and faithful to the interests of his clients, often 
making their cause his own, at a considerable sacrifice of 
time and means. His political opinions coincide with 
those of the Democratic p.irty. In i860 his first vole was 
cast for the three Douglas electors on the fusion ticket, after 
erasing the names of the Bell and Breckenridge electors. 
Since then he has voted the solid Democratic ticket. Since 
i860 he has taken an active and earnest part in the several 
political campaigns which have occurred during that period. 
He has been a delegate to many State, county and Con- 
gressional conventions, and was a delegate to the National 
Convention at St. Louis, in 1876. Although taking a 
prominent part in his party as an orator and leader, he is no 
politician or office-seeker, but contributes his services and 
means for the success of the principles which he believes to 
be conducive to the county. State and national welfare. He 
has also been for a considerable time a prominent member 
of the Masonic order in his county. In his manners he is 
plain and unassuming; open in expression of his senti- 
ments; strong in his .friendships and enmities, and of a free, 
generous nature; unyielding and persistent in his opinions, 
and of an original turn of mind; slow in his judgment, and 
rather obstinate when he has reached a conclusion. He is 
of strong, robust form, with an excellent constitution, of 
which he has never taken much care. He comes of a long- 
lived race, and has a fair promise of many years of an active 
and useful life. He is a firm believer in the Scriptures, 
which he has studied diligently for years, and also believes 
in special providences. He has, however, but little sym- 
pathy for any of the ecclesiastical corporations, and is not a 
member of any church, although he attends the Presby- 
terian. 



I'ERSON, HON. THOMAS C, late Associate- 
Justice of the Supreme Court of New Jersey, was 
the third son of Martin Ryerson and Rhoda 
Hull, and born, May 4ih, 1788, at Myrtle Grove, 
Sussex county. New Jersey, five miles west of 
Newton, the county-seat. He was a great-great- 
grandson of Martin Ryerson, of French Huguenot descent, 
who emigrated from Holland about 1660, and settled al 
Flatbush, on Long Island; was a member from an eaily 
age of the Dutch Reformed Church, as its records still 
show, and, for those days, possessed of considerable prop 
erty. On the 14th of May, 1663, he married Annettie Rap- 
pelye, a daughter of Joris Jansen Rappelye, who settled on 
Long Island in 1625, in which year his first daughter, 
Sara, was born, the first while child born on Long Island. 
From this marriage have sprung large numbers of the name 
of Ryerson (besides numerous descendants of the female 
branches of the family), who are scattered over New York, 
New Jersey and several other States, and many in Canada, 



and in all of them the original Christian name of "Martin" 
has been kept up, that being the name of both the father 
and grandfather of Judge Ryerson. His grandfather re- 
sided in Hunterdon county. New Jersey, whence his father 
r.-inoved to Sussex al)Out 1 770, dying there in 1820, in his 
seventy-third year; his father and grandfather were both 
distinguished as surveyors, being deputies of the Surveyor- 
General of both East and West Jersey, and his father was 
thus enabled to make very judicious land-locations for him- 
self, and at his death left a landed estate of between forty 
and fifty thousand dollars. Until the age of sixteen Judge 
Ryerson remained at home, working on his father's farm 
and receiving only the common education of the country. 
In iSoo his father removed to Hamburg, in the same 
county, where he died, and in 1804 his son began prepar- 
ing for college at a private school in the family of Robert 
Ogden. He was an older brother of Colonel Aaron Ogden, 
a graduate of Princeton College, in 1765, and one of the 
founders of the Cliosophic Society. He «as born at Eliza- 
bethtown, practised law there for several years, was in the 
American army during the war of the Revolution, and, on 
account of the effect of the sea air upon his health, removed 
about 1785 to Sparta, Sussex county, five miles from Ham- 
burg, where he owned considerable real est.ate, and died in 
that county in 1826, aged eighty years. His fifth daughter, 
Amelia, married Judge Ryerson, in November, 1814; an 
older daughter, Mary, was married some fifteen years earlier 
to Elias Haines, of Elizabethtown, the father of the Hon. 
Daniel Haines, late Governor, Chancellor, and Judge of the 
Supreme Court of New Jersey. After some time spent in 
Ihis private school he finished his preparatory studies at the 
Mendham (New Jersey) Academy, then taught by the late 
Hon. Samuel L. Southard, and in 1807 entered the junior 
class at Princeton, graduating there, in 1S09, with the third 
honor in a class of forty-four. This school acquaintance 
with Mr. Southard ripened into an intimate and life-long 
friendship, and a veiy warm and enduring friendship grew 
up between him and the late Judge George K. Drake, who 
was graduated at Princeton in 1S08. After graduating he 
studied law with the late Job S. Halsted, of Newton, and 
was adniiited to the bar in Februaiy, 1814; four years of 
study with a practising lawyer were then required, even of 
graduates, and during a part of this time he was out 
with the New Jersey militia, at .Sandy Hook, to resist a 
llrr.;alened attack of the British. Immediately after being 
licensed he began practising law at Hamburg, marrying in 
the following November, as above slated, and continued 
practising there till April, 1820, when he removed to New- 
ton, where he resided till his death, August llth, 1838, 
aged fifty years, three months and seven days. For two 
years (1825-27) he was a member of the Legislative Coun- 
cil of New Jersey, and in January, 1834, was elected by the 
joint meeting a Justice of the .Supreme Court, in place of 
Judge Drake, whose term then expired. It is well known 
that Judge Drake had given great offence, but without good 



EIOGUAPniCAL EXCYCLOP.EDIA. 



107 



reason for it, to the Ilicksite Quakers, by his opinion in the 
celebrated suit between them and the Orthodox Quakers, 
for which they determined, if possible, to defeat his re- 
election; to accomplish this ihcy aided, in l3j3, in electing 
a large majority of Democrats to the Legislature, which the 
year before had a majority of the other party. Although a 
leading and influentiixl Democrat and politically opposed to 
Judge Drake, Judge Ryerson, in common with many other 
Democrats, was strongly opposed to this unjustifiable pro- 
scription, a warm advocate of Judge Drake's re-election, 
and used all his influence with the four Democratic mem- 
bers from Sussex in its favor. He was not in Trenton 
during that session till after the joint meeting, and his name 
was brought forward in the Democratic caucus as an oppos- 
ing candidate, without his consent, and he knew nothing 
of it till after his election. The leading opponents of Judge 
Drake, finding that the votes of the Sussex members would 
reelect him, resorted to the use of Judge Kyerson's name 
as the only means of preventing it, and thus, without his 
knowledge, he was made the instrument of defeating an 
excellent and irreproachable judge, his own warm personal 
friend. So strong an impression had he made upon the 
Sussex members in favor of Judge Drake that one of them 
voted for him in joint meeting, notwithstanding his own 
Democratic caucus nomination, and other Democrats also 
bolted the nomination, so that, notwithstanding the large 
Democratic majority in joint meeting, he was elected by 
only a very small majority. So strong, however, was the 
Hicksite feeling against Judge Drake that he received but 
one vote from the members south of the Assanpink. Theo- 
dore Frelinghuysen was then in the Senate, his term to ex- 
pire March 4th, 1835. He also had given great offence to 
the Hicksites by his able and eloquent speech in the same 
suit, and to reach him the same combination was continued 
till the election of October, 1834, and resulted in sending 
General Wall to the Senate in his place. The news of his 
election was a complete surprise to Judge Ryerson, and 
with it came letters from prominent Democrats urging him 
to accept, and assuring him that his declination would not 
benefit Judge Drake; that party lines had become drawn, 
and he could not now under any circumstances be re- 
elected. He held the matter under advisement till the 
receipt of a letter from Judge Drake himself, dated Febru- 
ary 3d, 1834, urging him to accept, "and that promptly^ 
He said also, " I feel under obligations to you, and my 
other friends, for your zeal in my behalf; but it has proved 
ineffectual, and I have no confidence in the success of 
another effort." And again, " If the place is thrown open, 
nobody knows into whose hands it may go. I rejoice that 
it has been so disposed of that we may still confide in the 
independence and integrity of the bench." This letter di - 
cided him to accept, and he was sworn into office, February 
25th, 1834, holding it till his death, in .\ugust, 1838. Judge 
Ryerson's course at the bar and on the bench fully justified 
the opinion of Judge Drake, quoted above, as in all po- 



sitions he was a man of the firmest independence and 
strictest integrity. He was an able lawyer, well read, and 
was remarkable for a discriminating and sound judgment, 
an earnest and successful advocate, with great influence 
over courts and juries in Sussex and Warren, to which 
counties he confined his practice ; and as a Judge it is be- 
lieved that he enjoyed in a high degree the esteem and con- 
fidence of the bench and bar, as well as of the people at 
large. For the last eight years of his. life he was a very 
devoted member of the Presbyterian Church, his wife 
having joined it some eight years earlier, and dying three 
years before him. Her father was for many years an ex- 
emplary and very influential elder of the same denomina- 
tion, and a large number of his descendants have been and 
are professing Christians. Judge Ryerson was very easy 
and affable in his manners, delighting in social intercourse 
and conversation, with a great fund of anecdote ; very 
simple and economical in his personal tastes and habits, 
spending, however, freely in educating his children, and 
noted for his liberality to the poor around him and to the 
benevolent operations of his day. So much did he give 
away that he left no more estate than he inherited, although 
in full practice for twenty years before his appointment as 
Judge. He often said to his children that he desired only 
to leave them a good education and correct principles, and 
that they must expect to make their way in life with only 
these to depend upon. Both as lawyer and Judge he was 
very painstaking and laborious, conscientiously faithful in 
the discharge of duty to his clients and the public ; having 
a strongly nervous temperament, the mental strain was too 
great and resulted at length in a softening of the brain, 
from which he died after an illness of three months, leav- 
ing three sons and a daughter, and a widow, his first wife's 
younger sister, and since deceased, to mourn an irreparable 
loss. Two of his children remain, the youngest son. Colonel 
Henry Ogden Ryerson, having been killed in May, 1864, 
at the head of his regiment, on the second day's bloody 
fighting in the battles of the Wilderness, in Virginia. Tlie 
eldest. Judge Martin Ryerson, died, June nth, 1875, and 
is the subject of the following memoir. 



r;Ht<%1VERSON, HON. MARTIN, LL. D., late of New- 
ton. Lawyer, Jurist and Statesman, was burn, 
September 15th, 1815, at Hamburg, Sussex 
county, New Jersey, and was the eldest son of 
Hon. Thomas C. Ryerson, whose biographical 
sketch will be found preceding, and grandson of 
the elder Martin Ryerson, who, in the early history of Sus- 
sex, was for many years deputy surveyor, and prominent in 
the affairs of the county. He received a first-class academi- 
cal education, which enabled him to matriculate at Prince- 
ton College, from which institution he graduated in the 
class of 1833. He subsequently commenced reading law 






loS 



BIOCRArillCAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 



in his father's office, afterwards conlimiing his studies with 
Hon. Garret D. Wall, in Trenton, ami concluding his 
course in the office of ex-Governor Pennington, at Newark. 
He was licensed as an attorney in November, 1836, and at 
once commenced the [iractice of his profession in the last- 
named city, where he continued a short period, and thence 
removed to Newton, where he resided during life, with the 
exception of a few years, when he sojourned in Trenton. 
He was made a counsellor-at-law in 1S39, and acquired 
distinction in his profession. He was a prominent member 
of the convention, in 1844, which framed the present con- 
stitution of the Stale. In 1849 he was elected a member 
of Assembly, when the late Chi f-Justice Whelpley was 
speaker, and served upon the Judici.aiy Committee; it was 
mainly through his indueirce and instnimenlalily that the 
charter was obtained for the Farmers' Bank, at Decker- 
town. Upon an increase of judges in the Supreme Court, 
he wa.s appointed an Associate-Justice of the same by Gov- 
ernor Brice, and filled the position only three years, ill 
health compelling him to resign the bench, in 185S. In 
1873 he was appointed as one of the Judges of the Alabama 
Claims commission, a position which he was compelled to 
resign in January, 1875, by reason of the complete failure 
of his health. He had likewise been selected by Governor 
Parker one of the Commissioners to revise the constitution, 
■which he had assisted to frame in 1844; but was also con- 
strained to relinquish the position from the same cause. 
His political opinions were those of the Democratic party, 
down to the period when the attempt was made to force 
slaveiy in Kansas and Nebraska, and the Democrats sur- 
rendered unconditionally to the slave power. At that time 
he sundered his connection with it, and entered, with all 
the enthusiasm of his nature, into the work of organizing 
and building up the anti-slavery sentiment which finally 
crystallized in the Republican party organization. At the 



policy was generally in vain. His elan w.as irresistible and 
his enthusiasm contagious. In religious belief he was a 
Presbyterian, and had been for many years a leading mem- 
ber of the congregation in Newton, and of which he had 
been a ruling elder for ten years ; and was likewise fre- 
quently selected as a delegate to various church synods and 
other ecclesiastical bodies. He was also a strong advocate 
of the temperance cause, and was often called upon to at- 
tend conventions of that organization. He was a man of 
great energy of character, looking with earnest care at all 
the details of every enterprise in which he was about to en- 
gage; and was the energetic and active leader in eveiy 
local improvement in his native town. As a lawyer he oc- 
cupied a front rank in his profession ; and as a Judge he 
was regarded by those qualified to give an intelligent opin- 
ion as one of the ablest and very best on the bench. He 
was a kind, considerate, cultivated Christian gentleman, a 
scholar, a patriot, a genial and invaluable citizen ; and in 
all the elements of intellectual manhood an honor to his 
native county and State. In 1869 Princeton College, his 
Alma Mater, conferred on him the honorary degree of 
Doctor of Laws. He was twice married, his wives being 
sisters; he died, June nth, 1875, leaving a widow and 
three children, two daughters and a son. 



ANVIER, REV. LEVI, Clergyman, late a Mis- 
sionary of the Presbyterian Board of Missions, 
was born, April 25th, 1816, at Pittsgrove, New 
Jersey, and was the son of Rev. Dr. Janvier, a 
Presbyterian clergyman of eminence. His early 
education was obtained from his father, and he 
subsequently entered Lafayette College, at Easton, Pennsyl- 
vania, and also studied for a short period at Lawrencevilie. 



commencement of the recent civil war he was among the! In 1835 he entered the junior class of Princeton College, 

and graduated with the second honor in the class of 1 837, 
being the salutatorian at the commencement. Having be- 
come a communicant member of the Presbyterian Church 
he decided to devote himself to the work of the gospel 
ministry, and for that purpose entered the Theological 
Seminary at Princeton. While a student there he ofiered 
himself to the Board of Missions, as a missionary to Lodi- 
ana, in northern India. Having been duly ordained, he 
sailed for India, accompanied by his wife, in September, 
1841, and reached his destination in the spring of 1842. 
During the voyage he had commenced the study of the 
Urda language, which is largely spoken in Lodiana ; and, 
as he possessed a remarkable facility for acquiring lan- 
guages, he was able to preach in that tongue soon after his 
arrival in that country. Some months later he commenced 
to translate tracts and bonks, which were published by the 
mission. He next acquired a thorough familiarity with the 
Panjabi language, and with the aid of Dr. Newton, of 
the same mission, undertook the preparation of a Panjabi 



foremost supporters of every measure looking to the main- 
tenance of the Union and the vindication of its authority. 
He was in constant correspondence for many years with 
many of the most influential men in the country, and, by 
his counsel and advice, contributed much towards shaping 
the policy of the government during the critical periods of 
the war. His mind was well stored with useful informa- 
tion, and his wonderful memory enabled him to draw upon 
it at will. He engaged actively in the political campaigns 
which occurred during and immediately after the war, and 
was mainly instrumental in the revolution in the old Fourth 
Congressional District, when the Republicans triumphed for 
the first time. He threw himself with wonderful zeal and 
energy into that tremendous conflict ; and he also did yeo- 
man's service for his party in all the succeeding elections, 
especially in those of 1868, 1870 and 1872. He would, 
without hesitation, at a moment's notice, summon a confer- 
ence of leading politicians from all parts of the State, at 
Newark, or Paterson, or New York, and opposition to his 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.'EDIA. 



log 



dictionary, which was completed in 1S54. It is a quarto 
volume of four hundred and thirty-eight pages, in three 
columns. He dontinued his labors as a preacher and trans- 
lator up to the time of his death. He had gone to Mala, 
in the province of Lodiana, to preach and distribute tracts, 
and in the evening was met by the fanatic Akali Sikh, who, 
without the slightest provocation, felled him to the ground 
with a club. He lingered until the following morning, but 
was insensible. He died March 25th, 1864. The mur- 
derer was arrested, tried, convicted and hanged. 



f REESE, JACOB R., M. D., Banker and Real- 
Estate Operator, of Trenton, was born near 
Hope, Warren county, New Jersey, March 4th, 
1826. His father, Isaac Freese, was also a 
native of the same county, where for some years 
he was successfully engaged in farming, and 
afterwards in mercantile pursuits at Hope ; his mother was 
Hannah Read, a daughter of Isaac Read, a wealthy farmer 
of his d.-iy in Warren county. Our subject is of Holland 
and English extraction, being descended on the paternal 
side from a family who came originally from a northern 
province of Holland which bore their name (Freisland). 
Leaving Holland during the early settlement of the United 
States they took up a large tract of land in Warren county, 
New Jersey, and were among the pioneers in that section 
of the country. The primary education of Jacob R. was 
obtained in the schools of the neighborhood, followed by an 
academical course at the Clinton Academy, in Hunterdon 
county, under the charge of Rev. Albert Williams. From 
the age of eight years he had been kept a part of each year 
behind his father's counter, it being his father's wish and 
design that his son should receive a business, while receiv- 
ing a school, education. When, therefore, he returned from 
the academy, at the age of about nineteen, he at once took 
his accustomed place in his father's country store, but the 
learning he had obtained made him to want more, and he 
soon commenced to beg of his father the privilege of study- 
ing some profession. His choice was that of law, but the 
father belonged to the "old fogies" of that early day who 
believed, honestly believed, that " no lawyer could ever 
enter heaven," and, earnestly desiring that his son should be 
a good as well as a useful man, would not consent that 
Jacob should enter a law office, but would consent that he 
should st'idy medicine. Arrangements were accordingly 
made with Dr. Joseph Hedges, then in active practice at 
Hope, and for more than two years thereafter he diligently 
pursued his medical studies; afterwards attended two full 
courses of medic.-il lectures at Phil.idelphia, and then re- 
ceived his diploma as M. D. Turning his steps westward, 
he located at Bloomington, Illinois, and immediately entered 
upon his professional practice. Devoted to his profession, 
and with an energy which is characteristic of the man, he 



labored in his chosen path with much success. He soon 
took rank among the leaders in the medical fraternity of 
Bloomington, and during his sojourn there, which extended 
to 1857, enjoyed their utmost respect and confidence, as well 
as that of the community at large. Within two years from 
the date of his settling at Bloomington a project was started 
of establishing a medical college in that city. An organiza- 
tion was effected under the general law's of the Stale ; a 
large brick building (afterward known as " College Hall " ) 
was erected in which to locate a medical museum and de- 
liver the lectures ; and a faculty was formed, of which Dr. 
Freese was made the Professor of Surgerj', and also Presi- 
dent of the college ; but before the institution could get into 
operation it was concluded that its proximity to the older 
colleges of Chicago and St. Louis made its support doubt- 
ful, if not impossible, and the whole project was finally 
abandoned as impracticable. Aside from his numerous pro- 
fessional duties in Bloomington, Dr. Freese took a leading 
and active part in all things tending to the improvement and 
development of the town. He assisted in erecting in the 
heart of the city a fine block of buildings for business pur- 
poses, which at that time were among the finest in the place. 
In 1857, at the solicitation of his wife, he returned to his 
native State and located in Trenton. This estimable lady 
was nee Lily S. Swayze, a native of New Jersey, to whom 
he was married December 25th, 1S47. She was a lady of 
more than ordinary ability ; possessed with a literary mind, 
she frequently contributed to the various magazines both in 
poetry and prose. During the absence of her husband in 
the army she conducted with marked ability the newspaper 
which he then owned and edited, the Stale Gazette. She 
died November 7th, 1S71, mourned by a large circle, which 
had held her in high esteem for her many noble traits of 
character. On returning to New Jersey Dr. Freese fully 
expected to follow up in his new home the successes he had 
already achieved in his profession during his sojourn in the 
West. Shortly after locating in Trenton, however, he was 
prevailed upon to purchase the State Gazette, one of the 
oldest newspapers in the Slate, having been established as 
far back as 1792, and at the same time another paper known 
as the A^eiv Jersey Republienn. These papers he merged 
into one which he issued for a short time under the title of 
the State Gazette and RepuHicaii. The latter name, how- 
ever, was soon dropped, and the paper has since been 
known as the State Gazette. He now relinquished the 
practice of medicine and devoted himself entirely to the 
publication of this paper, which he continued to publish and 
own up to 1866, when he went abroad. In 1858 he was 
commissioned Lieutenant-Colonel of Stale Militia. In 1859 
he w.is appointed Bank Commissioner of New Jersey. Soon 
after the breaking out of the rebellion in the summer of 
1S61, at the request of the Governor of New Jersey, he ac- 
companied to Washington one of the regiments from this 
State, expecting in a few days to return home and resume 
his editorial duties. However, while in Washington, he 



BIOGRAPHICAL E.NXVCLOP.EDIA. 



was prevailed upon to enter the service, and upon tendering 
himself to President Lincoln he was immediately appointed 
Assistant Adjutant-General of United Stales Volunteers, on 
August 24th, 1861, and at once entered upon active duty. 
He was assigned to the staff of Brigadier-General Mont- 
gomery, who had only a few days previous been appointed 
Military Governor of the city of Alexandria. Having 
entered the service of his country without making any pro- 
vision for the performance of his duties at home pertauiing 
to the management of his newspaper, the emergency was 
promptly and ably met by his wife, Lily S., of whom we 
have already spoken. She at once assumed the manage- 
ment of the Slate Gazelle, and her administration of affairs 
was attended by an increase in the circulation of the paper; 
and while the husband was upliolding the government in 
the field, she through the columns of the press nobly con- 
■ tributed her support to the cause of the Union. In addition 
to his duties as Assistant Adjutant-General to General Mont- 
gomery at Alexandria, Colonel Freese was appointed Pro- 
vost Judge of the city. Upon the Union troops taking 
possession the local government of all kind had vacated ; 
merchants had left their stores, and disorder generally 
reigned. Being possessed of great executive ability he 
st)on created order out of chaos, and his administration as 
Provost Judge, which continued until January, 1862, was a 
marked success in every feature. One point therein is 
particularly noteworthy. As before stated, the merchants 
generally of Alexandria had closed their stores and fled the 
town ; they were largely indebted to the men of the North 
for their goods. The creditors had no legal recourse, as all 
courts of law had ceased to exist in that locality, thus pro- 
hibiting the usual procedure in cases of debt. Judge Freese 
issued a rule or order of the court, in which he stated that 
where claims were thoroughly and truly established by these 
Northern merchants they should be allowed to take of the 
goods of absconded debtors, at an appraisement to be made 
by disinterested parties, a sufficient amount of the abandoned 
goods to liquidate their claims ; all proceedings to be only 
by order of the court and under the direct surveillance of its 
officers. Upon his establishing this precedent many mer- 
chants of the North repaired to Alexandria, and were thus 
enabled to recover thousands of dollars which otherwise 
would have been lost. His action on this point was a bold 
one, and though not in strict accordance with the letter of 
the law, his views on the subject were thoroughly indorsed 
by President Lincoln and the press of the North in general. 
Had this precedent established by him been sustained by 
the government, and carried out in all places when our 
armies took possession, millions of dollars could have been 
justly returned to the Northern merchants and the enemy 
also deprived of immense quantities of supplies. The 
Attorney-General, however, demurred, and the court was 
finally discontinued. In January, 1S62, Colonel Freese 
joined the Army of the Potomac, and was attached to the 
staff of General Heintzelman as Provost Marshal of his 



division. In this capacity he sen-ed up to the battle of 
Williamsburg, in which engagement he was disabled while 
serving as an aide to General Frank Patterson, and was 
compelled to return home. Upon his recovery he returned 
to the staff of General Montgomery and was stationed in 
Philadelphia, where he did duty until the spring of 1863. 
He was then ordered to Cairo, Illinois, where he remained 
during the summer of 1S63, acting as Assistant Adjutant- 
General and Judge Advocate, being principally engaged in 
courts-martial. In the fall of 1863 he was sent to Grand 
Rapids, Michigan, to assist in organizing troops that had 
been drafted in that State. Here he remained until January, 
1S64, when he resigned his commission, and returning to 
Trenton resumed the management of the State Gaulle. In 
1866, having been appointed by President Johnson one of 
the United States Commissioners to the Paris Exposition, 
he disposed of his paper and accompanied by his wife, Lily 
S.,and his son, Louie K., started for a tour abroad. They 
journeyed through all parts of Europe; visited Egjpt, Pales- 
tine, Syria, Asia Minor and Turkey, and after attending to 
his duties at the Exposition returned to Trenton in the 
winter of 1867. Two volumes of his travels were pub- 
lished after his return ; the one on Palestine, of which three 
editions were sold; the other on Egypt. He now deter- 
mined to engage in the banking business, together with that 
of real estate, and accordingly established the banking and 
real estate office of Freese & Co., in which vocation he is 
at present engaged, having associated with him his two sons, 
L. K. and H. C. Freese. This establishment was the first 
of its kind established in Trenton, and under the able man- 
agement of its founder has proved an entire success. Colonel 
Freese since his locating in Trenton has alwaj's been fore- 
most in all matters of public improvement. Possessing great 
energy and push, he has striven in various and numerous 
ways to advance the interests of the city. He is connected 
with several monetary institutions, among which may be 
named the State Savings Bank of Trenton, of which he was 
elected Vice President and Treasurer in 1S69, which posi- 
tion he still holds. In 1866 he was chosen a Director in 
the Fust National Bank, and still acts in that capacity. In 
1S69 he was chosen President of the Standard Fire Insur- 
ance Company, of Trenton, and held the office for three 
years. He was elected President of the Board of Trade in 
1870, and lately became Treasurer of the City Railway 
Company. In politics he was originally a Whig, and such 
was his admiration of Henry Clay that he named his first- 
born after that world-renowned statesman. When, in 1856, 
that party virtually dissolved, he joined the Republican party, 
and was one of only six men to hold the first Repulilican 
convention ever held in the United States. In 1872 he 
joined the standard of his old personal and political friend, 
Horace Greeley, and made many speeches in different pnrls 
of New Jersey to secure his election to the Presidtncy. 
From 1872 to 1S76 he took no part in politics, and only 
voted for such men and measures as his judgment approved. 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENXVCLOP.tDIA. 



When, in 1S76, Governor Hayes was nominated for the 
Presidency, he at once wrote an open letter heartily approv- 
ing the nomination and fully indorsing the platform adopted 
at Cincinnati. Though often solicited, never, except in one 
instance, and then against his most earnest protest, has he 
permitted his name to be used as a candidate for any 
political office, nor is he ever likely to permit such use, un- 
less the demand should be for the public good rather than 
from personal ambition. He was again married, June 9th, 
1874, to Mrs. E. P. Nostrand, of New Jei-sey. 



■^URNETT, HON. DAVID, Printer and Journalist, 
late of Paterson, was born, in the year iSoo, at 
Springfield, New Jersey, where also he was edu- 
cated. When eighteen years of age he went to 
New York city, where he learned the trade of a 
printer, and after becoming thoroughly versed in 
that art went to Paterson, New Jersey, where he was en- 
gaged as a journeyman, and worked at his trade for some 
three years. In September, 1823, in connection with Mr. 
Day, he started the Paterson Intelligencer. In April, 1845, 
he was appointed Surrogate of Passaic county. For ten 
years he was Clerk of the Board of Chosen FreehoUIers of 
th.-it county, and was also connected with several banking 
institutions. He died at Paterson, August 2Sth, 1S73. 



ni^llTTENHOUSE JOHN P., School-Teacher and 
ex-Sheriff of Hunterdon County, was born, 1820, 



i 



near Sergeantsville, New Jersey, and is a son of 
Samuel Rittenhouse, and a great-grand-nephew 
of the celebrated astronomer David Rittenhouse; 
the family is of German descent, and among the 
early settlers of New Jersey. John attended school until 
he was twelve years of age, and was then apprenticed to 
learn the trade of a saddler and harness-maker, and worked 
at that business until he was sixteen years old, when he 
relinquished the same and engaged in teaching school. 
He pursued this latter vocation for ten years quite success- 
fully in New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Ohio. In 1849 he 
went to California, and was one of the pioneer traders in 
what is now the city of Sacramento. In company with his 
partners, he purchased and had recorded in the proper office 
a title for the first city lot in Sacramento, after the site had 
been laid off in town-lots, and was situated at the corner of 
K and Fifth streets. He remained in California somewhat 
less than a year, but, although successful in his business, he 
was obliged through failing health to dispose of his interests 
in S.icramento and return to the States. On his arrival in 
New Jersey he settled on a farm near Flemington. where 
he has since continued, except when absent on official duties 



elsewhere. In 1855 '"^ ^^^ nominated by the Democracy 
of the First District of Hunterdon county as their candidate 
for member of Assembly, and was elected by a large ma- 
jority, and was also re-elected the following year. During 
his legislative career he filled a position on several impor- 
tant committees, and served as Chairman on that of Public 
Printing. In 1857 he was appointed one of the Inspectors 
of Customs for the Port of New York, and filled that posi- 
tion throughout President Buchanan's administration, and 
during a portion of President Lincoln's first term, relin- 
quishing the office in September, 1862. In 1868 he w.as 
appointed Deputy Sheriff, as the sheriff elected, Richard 
Bellis, was at that time engaged in business in New York. 
The entire duties of this responsible position therefore de- 
volved on him. At the expiration of Sheriff Bellis' term in 
1871 he was nominated for the office, and elected by a lart^e 
majority, and served for the three years' term ; all parties 
conceded that his administration was most successful, 
and that he proved to have been one of the most faith- 
ful and efficient officers who ever held that position in 
Hunterdon county. He was kind and courteous in all his 
official relations, and never failed in retaining the regard, 
esteem and confidence of all, even including those persons 
towards whom his duties were of an unfortunate or perplex- 
ing character. His oldest son, H. O. Rittenhouse, is a 
graduate of the Annapolis Naval School, and is at present a 
Lieutenant in the United States navy. 



IKE, BRIGADIER-GENERAL ZEBULON 
MONTGOMERY, of the United States Army, 
was born, January 5th, 1779, at Lamberton, New 
Jersey, and was the son of Zebulon Pike, a brevet- 
colonel in the service of the United States during 
the war of the Revolution. He was a lineal 
descendant of John Pike, who lived at Newbury, Massa- 
chusetts, in 1635, and whose son, John, removed to Wood- 
bridge, New Jersey, in 1669, and settled there. Young 
Pike received an elegant education, including a knowledge 
of the higher mathematics, and was a thorough master of 
the Latin, French and Spanish languigcs. After the pur- 
chase of the Territory of Louisiana, which not only em- 
braced the present Slate of that name but all the lands on 
the west side of the Mississippi river, now included in the 
States of Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa and the western shore 
of Minnesota, President Jefferson in 1805 gave him authority 
to explore the sources of the Mississippi river. Soon after 
his return from this survey he was sent on a similar expedi- 
tion into the interior of Louisiana. He appears to have 
travelled far beyond the western limit of that Territory, for 
he was seized by a Spanish force on the banks of the Rio 
del Norte, who captured all his papers. He returned to 
the States in 1S07. Subsequently he published an account 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOr.EDIA. 



of his expedition to the sources of the Mississippi, etc., 
which is comprised in an octavo volume, dated 1810. 
During the war with Great Britain he was appointed a 
Brigadier-General in the United States army, and eom- 
mmded the land forces in the attack upon York, Upper 
Canada. In the explosion of the British magazine he was 
struck by a large stone, and died in a few hours on board 
of the commodore's ship. When the British standard was 
brought to him he caused it to be placed under his head. 
His wife was a Miss Brown, of Cincinnati; his only daughter 
married in 1819 J. C. S. Harrison, of Ohio. General Pike 
died April ayih, 1S13. 

,/ 
I URR, COLONEL AARON, Lawyer and Vice- 
President of the United States, was born, Feb- 
ruary 6ih, 1756, in the city of Newark, and was 
a son of President Burr and a grandson of Presi- 
dent Edwards, of Princeton College. His father 
died when he was but a year old, and his mother's 
decease followed in less than a twelvemonth after her hus- 
band's. He was thus left an orphan in his very infancy, 
and the moulding of his character thus left to stranger 
hands doubtless influenced his whole after life. He re- 
ceived, however, an excellent education, and graduated 
from Princeton College in 1773. He subsequently com- 
menced the study of law, but before being admitted to the 
bar the conflict with Great Britain commenced, and when 
nineteen years of age he joined the Continental army at 
Cambridge, and accompanied Arnold in his expedition 
against Quebec. In the year 1776 he was invited to join 
the military family of General Washington, and accepted 
the offer ; but the commander-in-chief soon lost confidence 
in him. He retired from military duties in 1779, having 
reached the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel. He commenced 
the practice of law in 1782 at Albany, but after a short so- 
journ in that city removed to New York. He took a prom- 
inent part in political matters, and in 1791 he was elected 
by the Legislature of his adopted State a Senator of the 
United States, and served in that body until the expiration 
of his term in 1797, ''"d was a prominent member of the 
then Democratic parly. In 1800 he and Jeff'erson each had 
seventy-three votes in the Electoral College for the Presi- 
dency. There being no choice, the election for President 
devolved on the House of Representatives, according to 
the Constitution. After thirty-five ineffectual trials, Thomas 
Jefferson was elected on the thirty-sixth ballot, when Colonel 
Burr was chosen Vice-President. During his term occurred 
the lamentable controversy with Alexander Hamilton, the 
cliallenge and the duel, when the latter fell mortally wounded 
by (he hand of the Vice-President. Aft.r the expiration of 
his term he seems to have meditated the founding of a new 
empire in the Southwest, this scheme being solely for his 
own aggrandizement. He journeyed to the West, and 
having formed an intimacy with the wife of Herman Blen- 



nerhasset, endeavored to seek his co-operation in his pro- 
ject throu-h the influence of Mis. Blennerhasset. The 
great scheme failed, and Blennerhasset, who was a man of 
^■reat wealth, was totally ruined, he having made liberal 
advances of money to promote the matter. Colonel Burr 
was arrested for treason ; tried at C-ichmond, Virginia, but 
managed to be acquitted, as no overt act could be proved. 
For the rest of his life he resided chiefly in New York, 
living in obscurity and neglect. He liad the reputation of 
being a thoroughly unprincipled, licentious and profligate 
man, and even his biographer, Davis, h,"S stamped him with 
infamy. He died at Staten Island, New York, September 
4th, 1S36. 



OUTHARD, HON. HENRY, Soldier and States- 
man, late of Baskingridge, was born, in the year 
1747, on Long Island, and was a son of Abraham 
Southard. When he was about eight years old 
his father removed to the then colony of New 
Jersey, and settled at Baskingridge, where the 
family have since continued to reside. The son received 
but an ordinary English education, and when a young man 
was thrown upon his own resources, laboring as a common 
hired man at thirty cents a day. By his untiring industry 
he collected enough money wherewith to purchase a farm. 
His energy and talents distinguished him from the mass, 
and at an early date he was a)ipointed a Justice of the 
Peace. Over nine hundred cases were heard by him, and 
decisions rendered in each of them, and so just were these 
decisions that there were but four cases appealed. During 
the war of the Revolution he entered the service and con- 
tributed a share towards the attainment of our independence. 
He was among the earliest members of the State Legisla- 
ture, subsequent to the adoption of the Federal Constitution 
in 1789, and usefully served in that Imdy for nine years, 
and then was elected a member of Congress. This post of 
honor he held by successive re-elections for twenty-one 
years, when in 1821, admonished by tbe growing weight of 
years, he voluntarily retired, having already passed the ordi- 
nary limit of three score years and ten. A short time pre- 
vious his distinguished son, Samuel L. Southard, had been 
elected a member of the United States Senate ; and they 
had the ple.isure of meeting in the Joint Committee of the 
two Houses, upon whom, as a final resort, devolved the 
settlement of the famous Missouri Compromise, a circum- 
stance probably without a parallel in our political history. 
Until within three years of his death he had never worn 
glasses or used a staff, and was accustomed to a daily walk 
of three miles. His memory was remarkably strong, for 
he could not only recollect every question which had come 
before Congress while a member, but could mention the 
different speakers, and their very arguments. He died 
within a few days of his distinguished son, June 2d, 1842, 
at the advanced age of ninety five years. 




>^ // //^ .^^..^ 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA. 



>'3 



' CIIENCK, JOHN v., A. M., M. D., Physician, 
of Camden, New Jersey, was born, November 
17th, 1S24, at a place long known as Six Mile 
Run, but now called Franklin Park, in Somerset 
county, New Jersey. His parents were Ferdinand 
S. and Leah (Voorhees) Schenck, both natives of 
New Jersey. John Schenck obtained his preliminary educa- 
tion at the common schools in his neighborhood, and subse- 
quently entered upon the u^ual preparatory course of study 
before entering college. His preparation being complete, 
he entered Rutgers College, at New Brunswick, in 1S41, 
antl graduated with the class of 1S44. After leaving col- 
lege he at once set about preparing himself to enter the 
medical profession. With this view he entered the office 
of his father, who had been for many years a leading prac- 
titioner at Six Mile Run. He studied under his father's 
direction until the year 1845, "hen he entered the Univer- 
sity of Pennsylvania. His studies were prosecuted with the 
utmost diligence and industry, and his rapid progress in 
them was remarkable. In the spring of 1847 he graduated 
from the university, and at once entered upon the practice 
of his profession in company with his father in his native 
place. He continued this practice until December, 1848, 
when he removed to the city of Camden, where he has con- 
tinued ever since to reside. His success as a practitioner 
was very rapidly attained, and being based on thorough 
skill and enthusiastic and unwearied devdlion to his profes- 
sion, it has proved a lasting and increasing success. He 
rapidly built up an extensive and very valuable practice in 
Camden, and is among the first — perhaps the foremost — of 
the profession in that city. His is not a self-seeking profes- 
sional devotion. He labors constantly to elevate his calling, 
and always takes a part of unwearied activity in the various 
medical societies of which he is and has been a member. 
He is a member of the Camden County Medical Associa- 
tion, and has served two terms as President of that org.ani- 
zation. He was elected President of the New Jersey State 
Medical Society at its annual meeting in May, 1876. He 
was married, July 6th, 1857, to Martha McKeen, of Phila- 
delphia. 

(L"'/i>ENDRICKSON, HON. WILLIAM H., F.armer 
and State Senator, of Middletown, was born, June 
3d, 1813, in that town, and is a son of the late 
William H. and Eleanor (Dubois) Hendriclrton. 
His paternal ancestors were among the pioneer 
settlers of Monmouth county, having located 
there as early as 1698, and he still owns and resides upon 
the old homestead, which has always been in the possession 
of the family. His education was obtained at the grammar- 
school of Rutgers College, New Brunswick, which he left 
on the death of his father, he then being a member of the 
sophomore class. He has always followed agricultural pur- 
suits, and with marked success. He commands the respect 
'5 



of the community for his sterling worth and integrity of 
character. In appreciation of these traits he has been hon- 
ored several times by the people of Monmouth county, who 
have elected him a member of the Slate Senate. He was 
first chosen in 185S, and served until 1S61. He was again 
elected in 1S72, and served until 1875, when he was re- 
elected, so that his term will expire in 1S78. During his 
legislative career he has been a member of the Finance, 
Printing, and Education Committees, and during his first 
senatorial term was Chairman of the last-nameil committee. 
He has always given his constituents great satisfaction. His 
election in 1872 was without opposition ; and in 1S75 his 
opponent was a gentleman of great popularity in the county. 
He made no effort whatever to securg the nomination; the 
office sought him, the people and his party demanding his 
services. He has been a member of the Board of Free- 
holders of Monmouth county for eight years, and has been 
President of the Middletown & Keyjiort Steamboat Com- 
pany for the past fifleen years; also a Director of the Far- 
mers' & Merchants' Bank, of Matawan. He was married, 
February 28th, 1839, to Elizabeth E. Woodward, of Cream 
Ridge, Monmouth county; she died December 13th, 1S65. 
His second wife is Rebecca C. F. Patterson, to whom he 
was united Jime 24th, 1S68. 



ENDRICK.SON, HON. CHARLES DUBOIS, 
Member of the New Jersey Assembly, was born 
at Middletown, Monmouth county, New Jersey, 
July 2d, 1844, and is the oldest living son of 
William H. and Elizabeth E. (Woodward) Hen- 
drickson, of the same place. He is of the sixth 
generation to reside upon the property now in the possession 
of the family; his ancestors being among the first settlers of 
Monmouth county, and conspicuous during the war of the 
Revolution for their loyalty and patriotism, tv.kiiig high rank 
in the military service, and being distinguished for bravery 
and devotion to the cause of independence. He received a 
rudimentary education at the district school-house erected 
by his father upon his farm near the old homestead, and 
which he presented to the district. He subsequently passed 
two years in the Collegiate Institute, at Matawan, New 
Jersey, and completed his education by a three years' course 
at the Lawrenceville High School, in Mercer county, in the 
same" State: After leaving school hfe returned home and 
remained upon the farm with his parents until his marriage. 
In the autumn of 1S65, with his wife, he made an extended 
tour, of over three months, through the Atlantic and Gulf 
States and a portion of the West, visiting many of the 
prominent cities and places of interest, including nearly all 
the important battle-fields of the civil war, which had then 
just concluded, by this means obtaining a personal knowl- 
edge of the people, and valuable information concerning 
the country, together with the results of the civil conflict. 



114 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.liDIA. 



Upon reluming to New Jersey, he superintended the erec- 
tion of his family residence, which is built upon the high- 
lands — on a portion of the estate — overlooking Raritan hay, 
the Atlantic ocean, Long and Staten islands, New York 
harbor, etc., etc., and possessing an extended inland view, 
being one of the most beautiful locations on the coast. This 
house, with about two hundred acres of land, has been the 
means of attaching him to a country life, and to the occupa- 
tion of an agriculturalist. For three years he conducted 
the farm in person, but subsequently leased it, although 
maintaining a general supervision over the operations as 
managed by his tenant. At an early age he became much 
interested in the political movements of the day, and labored 
actively and enthusiastically fortlie candidates of the Demo- 
cratic party. Although frequently solicited by his friends, 
he steadily declined office until the fall of 1874, when he 
was induced to allow his name to be presented in the Demo- 
cratic convention as a candidate for the Assembly, receiving 
the unanimous nomination. The Republican party declined 
to present a candidate in opposition, and his name was 
placed upon both tickets, and in the election he received 
nearly the entire vote of the district. In the Legislature of 
1874 the Democratic party was in the ascendency. He was 
made Chairman of the Committee on Militia, a member of 
the joint Committee on the Sinking Fund, and of the House 
Committee on Stationeiy, besides serving on several impor- 
tant special committees. He was renominated in October, 
1875, for the Assemijly, by the Democratic party, without 
opposition. The Republicans making a nomination this 
year, after an active canvass he was re-elected by a majority 
of 844, carrying every township in the district. Upon the 
organization of the Legislature he was chosen the Demo- 
cratic caucus nominee for Speaker of the House of Assem- 
bly, and received the entire Democratic vote for that posi- 
tion; but, as the Republicans had the majority, he failed to 
be elected. He was, however, a prominent member of the 
Centennial Legislature, and the recognized le.ader of the 
Democratic party, being frequently called to the speaker's 
chair, which position he filled with great credit and satisfac- 
tion, exhibiting much executive ability. Jie served as a 
member of the Joint Committee on Treasurer's Accounts, 
and of the House Committees on Education and the Cen- 
tennial, and besides was a member of several special com- 
mittees. When but sixteen years of age he became con- 
nected with the State Militia, and served for a numl>er of 
years in the ranks. In 1S73 he was commissioned a Lieu- 
tenant in Company G, 3d Regiment, National Guards of the 
State of New Jersey, and retained that position until April 
25th, 1876, when he was promoted to the rank of Colonel, 
and appointed aide-de-camp upon the staff of his excellency. 
Governor Joseph D. Bedle, which appointment he continues 
to hold. In 1873 'is was appointed, by Governor Parker, 
one of the commissioners to examine into the condition of 
the deaf, dumb, blind and feeble-minded inhabitants of the 
State, and was reappointed in 1874, by the same executive, 



one of the commissioners to select sites upon which to erect 
institutions for the care of these different classes of defec- 
tives, and upon the organization of the commission was 
chosen its Secretary. In 1868 he was elected a Director of 
the New York & Long Branch Railroad Company, and 
after serving for three years in that capacity, resigned. He 
gave to that entei'prise almost his entire attention for many 
months, contributing greatly to its success. At present he 
is a Director and Secretary of the Middlelown & Keyport 
Turnpike Company, and is connected with other minor as- 
sociations, and is regarded as an energetic, enterj^rising 
citizen, aiding and encouraging the advancement and pro- 
motion of all public improvements tending to (he develop- 
ment of the section in which he resides. He was married, 
October 12th, 1865, to Elizabeth McChesney Rue, at Penn's 
Manor, Bucks county, Pennsylvania, by the Rev. David 
R. Frazer. He has but one child living, Mary Cor- 
lies Ilendrickson, who is now (1876) six years of age. A 
son of Senator William H. Hendrickson, whose biography 
appears immediately before this, there is presented the rather 
remarkable coincidence of father and sin occupying seats 
in the same Legislature during the same session. 



ORHEES, JOHN N., Lawyer, of Flemington, was 
born, March 4lh, 1S35, near While House, Hun- 
terdon county. New Jersey, and is a son of ihe 
late Judge Peter E. Vorhees. He received his 
preparatory education at the grammar-school of 
Rutgers College, New Brunswick, and matricu- 
lated at the latter institution in 1850. Having finished the 
full curriculum of four years, he graduated with the class 
of 1S54, which included, among others. Revs. James I.e 
F'evre and .\ndrew P. Thompson, of the Reformed Dulch 
Church, and James S. Alkin, a prominent member of the 
New Jersey bar, now practising at Trenton. Immediately 
after leaving college he entered the law office of Hon. 
Alexander Wurts, at Flemington, where he prepared for 
the bar, to which he was admitted in 1S57. He at once 
entered upon the practice of his profession in his native 
town, White House, where he remained until 1871, when 
he removed to Flemington, and became associated with 
Hon. John T. Bird, under the firm-name of Bird & Vorhees. 
In the following year Chester Van Syckel was added to the 
firm, which became Bird, Vorhees & Van Syckel, and con- 
tinued until the senor partner retired in 1S73. The firm of 
Vorhees & Van Syckel practised for about a year, when 
they dissolved, and the former associated with him his 
former student, George H. Large, and this connection still 
continues. They control a large and remunerative prac- 
tice, and among their clients may be named the Easlon & 
Amboy Railroad Company, and the Delaware & Bound 
Brook & High Bridge Railroad Company. The senior 
partner has been connected with a number of criminal 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.F.DIA. 



"5 



case";, noticeable among which are the Rottenlmig riotei's 
and Brenner murder cases, in l)olh of which he secured ac- 
quittal in the face of the most damaging testimony. He 
was appointed, by Governor Randolph, Prosecutor of the 
Pleas, but resigned after holding the appointment a year. 
His political creed is that of the Democracy, and he has 
done his party good service, as a speaker at mass meetings 
and other gatherings. He is, however, no politician; nor 
lias he ever sought or held any office of a political character. 



^(WlIEBAUD, REV. LEO, Clergj'man and Pastor of 
el I I ^'- Mary's Roman Catholic Church, Elizabeth 
was born, 1839, in the city of New York, and is 
a son of Edward and Emma (Boisaubin) The- 
baud. His father was a merchant in New Yuik 
city, of which he was a native. His mother was 
of Jersey birth. He was thoroughly educated at the Roman 
Catholic College, known by the name of Septon Hall, at 
South Orange, New Jersey, and being intended for the 
priesthood, repaired to Italy, where he pursued his theologi- 
cal studies at Genoa, and was ordained by Archbishop 
Charvaz, of Genoa, in 1867. After his return to the United 
States, he officiated for five years as assistant in St. John's 
Roman Catholic Church, at Paterson, and was then trans- 
ferred to Elizabeth, where he took charge of St. Mary's 
Church, which is the oldest congregation in Elizabeth, 
having been founded in 1844 by Rev. Isaac P. Howell, 
whose biographical sketch will be found elsewhere in this 
volume. Since his connection with this parish, he has by 
his earnest labor succeeded in liquidating a debt of $12,000, 
in which the church building was involved. He is a man 
of marked ability, an earnest and ready speaker, beloved by 
his congregation and much respected by his fellow-townsmen. 



|ARD, HON. FRANK M., of Newton, Senator 
from Sussex county, was born, November 26th, 
1830, in Dutchess county. New York, and is a 
son of Edward and Annie (Pray) Ward, both 
also natives of New York State. His father was 
both a farmer and a manufacturer in Dutchess 
county. Young 'Ward received his rudimentary education 
at the Armenia Seminary in his native county, and subse- 
quently attended an academical institution in Poughkeepsie. 
Leaving school at an early age, he learned the trade of a 
millwright, and in 1S49 removed to Fond du Lac, Wiscon- 
sin, where he commenced operations in that line of business 
on his own account. He remained there for some time, 
and then returned to New York, and sojourned at Deposit, 
New York, until 1855, when he finally located in Sussex 
county. New Jersey, which he has since made his perma- 
nent home, except during 1859 and 1S60, when he was en- 



gaged in the milling business at Watkins, .Schuyler county. 
New York, and while there was one of the supervisors of 
the township of Jcfi'erson, in that county. Since his resi- 
dence in Sussex county, he has been the recipient of sever.il 
offices in the gift of the people, and h.as served his constitu- 
ents to their entire satisfaction. In the autumn of 1S65 he 
was elected by the Democratic party to represent the first 
district of Sussex in the lower house of the Slate Legisla- 
ture, and served as such during the years 1S66-67. He 
was re-elected to the same, and filled that position in 1S72- 
73. In 1S76 he was nominated by the same pally as can- 
didate for the State Senate, from Sussex county, and also 
elected. He is a Director of the South' Mountain & Boston 
Railroad Company, which is now in course of construction. 



AWRENCE, CAPTAIN JAMES, of the United 
States Navy, was born, October 1st, 1781, at Bur- 
lington, New Jersey, and was the son of James 
Lawrence, a prominent attoiney-at-law of that 
city. From his earliest years he had a predilec- 
tion for a seafaring life, which his friends could 
not conquer. When si.xteen years old he received a mid- 
shipman's warrant. In the war with Tripoli he accom- 
panied Decatur in the hazardous exploit of destroying the 
frigate " Philadelphia," which had been captured by that 
power. He remained several years on the Mediterranean 
station, and commanded successively the " Vixen," "Wasp," 
"Argus " and " Hornet." While cruising in the latter 
vessel off the capes of the Delaware, he fell in with the 
British sloop-of-war " Peacock," and captured her after an 
action of only fifteen minutes. This battle occurred Febru- 
ary 24th, 1813. On his return to port he was received with 
great distinction, and was promoted to the rank of Port 
Captain. In the spring of the same year he was ordered to 
the command of the frigate " Chesapeake," then fitting out 
at Boston. While lying in the roads, nearly ready for sea, 
the British frigate " Shannon," then commanded by Captain 
Brooke, appeared off the harbor and made signals expressing 
a wish to meet'him in combat. Although laboring under 
many disadvantages, with a new and undisciplined crew, he 
yet determined to accept the challenge. He put to sea on 
the morning of the first day of June, when the " Shannon" 
bore away. At four o'clock the " Chesapeake " hauled up 
and fired a gun, and the " Shannon " hove to. A short 
time after the action commenced Captain Lawrence was 
wounded in the leg, but he continued on deck giving the 
necessary orders as if nothing had happened. Then ilie 
anchor of the " Chesapeake " caught in one of the ports of 
the enemy's vessel, and in consequence of this mishap the 
" Chesapeake " could not bring her guns to bejir upon the 
foe. As Captain Lawrence was being carried below in 
consequence of receiving a second and a mortal wound in 
the intestines, he uttered the memorable words, " Don't 



BIOGRAPHICAL EXCYCLOr.tDlA. 



had conliinied | case before a jury, lie was always heard %vilh fixed attention 
or lively interest. He was lucid in arranging and express- 
a his thoughts, and well knew how to seize hold of strong 
points in a case, and when he pleased to touch the chords 
of feeling, he seldom failed to produce an impression. His 
style of thought and expression was simple and natural. He 
was no indifferent spectator of the great political questions, 
the contests of which have ever divided the wise and good 
men of the nation. With the majority of the New Jei-sey 
bar he belonged to the Washingtonian school, and exerted 
all his energies in what he honestly believed to be the true 
interests of his country. He possessed an enlarged acquaint- 
ance with the principal departments of literature and science, 
but experimental philosophy and natural history had been 
his favorite studies. Moreover, he was a good anatomist and 
no mean chemist, and had a natural fondness for mechanical 
pursuits ; indeed, the products of his skill would not have 
disgraced the most experienced artists. He was distin- 
I OHNSON THOMAS P., Lawyer, late of Prince- 1 guished by a high sense of moral principle and great kind- 
ton was' born, about 1 761, in New Jersey, and ness of heart, and he cherished a warm attachment for his 
was the second son of William and Ruth (Potts) brethren of the New Jersey bar. He entertained a profound 
Johnson. His father was a native of Ireland, who regard for the Christian religion, and being fully convinced 
emit^rated to this country m the year 1750, and of its truth, he was not backward in expressing his sense of 



give up the ship." But after the action 
eleven minutes the enemy boarded and captured the 
•' Chesapeake." The loss in killed and wounded on the 
latter was one hundred and forty-six, while the " Shannon " 
suffered a loss of eighty-six. The " Shannon," with her 
prize, made sail for Halifax, which port was reached in a 
short time. Captain Lawrence lingered four days in ex- 
treme pain, and then died. The British, recognizing him 
as a true hero, though a fallen one, buried him with all the 
honors of war. His body, together with that of Lieutenant 
Ludlow, were subsequently removed by Captain G. Crown- 
inshield, at his own expense, first to Salem, Massachusetts, 
and thence removed to New York. Captain Lawrence 
married the daughter of M. Montaudevert, a merchant of 
New York. He died June 6th, 1813. His widow survived 
him, with two children. 



married Ruth, sister of Stacy Potts, of Trenton ; \ 
both parents were members of the Society of Friends. 
■\\Tien he was quite young, the family removed to Charles- 
ton, South Carolina, where his father established a flourish- 
int' boarding-school, and gained much repute by his lectures 
on various branches of natural philosophy. His fondness 
for such studies seemed to have been inherited by his son, 
who, even in his later years, continued to turn his attention 
to them. His father died at the South, after a residence of 
some years, when his mother, with her family of five chil- 
dren, returned to her native State, and with the aid of her 
brother opened a store in Trenton. In that place Thomas 
was placed as an apprentice to a carpenter and joiner. 
After following this business for some time, he was com- 
pelled to aliandon it, owing to his having ruptured a blood- 
vessel. He then engaged in teaching youth in Bucks 
county, Pennsylvania, and afterwards in Philadelphia. For 
this he had rare qualifications. While in Philadelphia a 
business house took him into partnership, and sent him to 
Richmond, Virginia, where the firm opened a large store. 
He became acquainted there with the late Chief- Justice 
Marshall, and often had the privilege of listening to the 
first lawyers of the Old Dominion. This probably led him 
to turn his thoughts to the bar. After a few years the loss 
of his store and goods by fire caused him to return to New 
Jersey. He took up his residence in Princeton, where he 
married, and entered his name as a student of Law in the 
office of the Hon. Richard Stockton. In due time he was 
admitted to the bar and received his license as an attorney, 
three years after as. a counsellor, and finally attained the 
rank as a serjeant-at-law. His career at the bar was a most 
brilliant one ; whether arguing points of law, or spreading a 



its importance, and seldom could the scoff of infidelity pass 
unrebuked in his presence. He married a daughter of 
Robert Stockton, of Princeton, New Jersey. He died 
March 12th, 1S38. 

% '^' 

- cKNIGHT, CHARLES, M. D., Physician and 
Surgeon-General of the American army during 
the revolutionary war, was born, October loth, 
1750, at Cranberry, New Jersey, and was the 
eldest son of the Rev. Charles McKnight. His 
family was originally from Scotland and settled 
in Ireland at the time of the " Ulster Plantation," at the 
beginning of the seventeenth century. Dr. McKnighl's 
father was for nearly forty years a much-esteemed and 
highly respected clergyman of the Presbyterian church, and 
one of the early trustees of Princeton College. In I777> 
he, then being in advanced life, having rendered himself 
obnoxious to the Tory party, was imprisoned by the British, 
who treated him with great cruelty. He died shortly after 
his release, New Y'ear's day, 177S. In this connection it 
may be stated that a younger brother of the doctor, who was 
an ardent patriot and an officer of the New Jersey line, was 
also seized by the British and confined in one of the prison- 
ships in Wallabout bay. Long Island, now the site of the 
Brooklyn navy-yard, where he finally perished with the great 
army of martyrs to the cause of independence. Dr. 
McKnight received a first-class education, and graduated 
" candidatum primura" at Princeton College, in the class 
of 1771. He studied medicine under the celebrated Dr. 
Shippen, of Philadelphia. At the commencement of the 
revolutionary, ivar his abilities were so marked as to procure 



DIOCRArillCAL EXCVCLOP.EDIA. 



117 



him the appointment, Apiil nth, 1777, of" Senior Surgeon 
of the Flying Hospital, Middle Department." In 17S0, al- 
though only thirty years of age, he was made Surgeon- 
General ; and from October 1st, 17S0, until January ist, 
1782, he served as Chief Physician. The Irrte Dr. John W. 
Francis, of New York, in an article printed in the American 
Medical and Philosophical Register, thus speaks of him in 
that connection : " In the discharge of the important and 
arduous duties of his station, his talents and indefatigable 
zeal were equally conspicuous. He was pre-eminently 
faithful in the performance of all these duties, which the 
perilous situation of his country required and his humane 
disposition led him to undertake." After the tennination 
of the war he removed to New York city, and was very 
soon afterwards appointed Professor of Surgery and Anatomy 
in Columbia College, New York. Dr. Francis speaks of 
him in this respect : " He delivered lectures on these two 
branches of medical science to a numerous and attentive 
class of students, while the profundity of his research and 
the acuteness of his genius gained for him the approbation 
of the most fastidious. In a life of constant activity, both 
as a practitioner and teacher, he continued until he arrived 
at his forty-first year, when a pulmonary affection (the re- 
sult of an injury received during the war) put an end to h 
labors and usefulness." He was distinguished, not only 
in this country, but also in Europe, for the successful per- 
formance of certain most difficult and dangerous surgical 
operations. President Duer, in his " Reminiscences," thus 
speaks of him : "Although he was eminent as a physician, 
he was particularly distinguished as a practical surgeon, and 
at the time of his death was without a rival in this branch 
of his profession. Gifted by nature with talents peculiarly 
calculated for the exercise of the important duties of a sur- 
geon, his education in an especial manner enabled him to 
attain the highest reputation." He published a paper in 
the " Memoirs of the London Medical Society," vol. iv, 
which attracted considerable attention abroad. He was a 
member of the New York State Society of the Cincinnati. 
He married Mrs. Litchfield, only daughter of General John 
Morin Scott, of New York, one of the most zealous patriots 
of the Revolution, a prominent lawyer and politician of 
those times. Secretary of the State and a delegate to the 
Continental Congress of 17S2-S3. The late John M. Scott 
McKnight, M. D., of New York city, was his only .son. 
Dr. Charles McKnight died in 1790. 



'XGLISII, JAMES R., Lawyer, of Elizabeth, was 
bnrn, September 27th, 1840, in Bernard town- 
ship, Somerset county. New Jersey, and is a son 
of Rev. James T. and Mary C. (Jobs) English. 
He is of Scotch-Irish and English ancestry, and 
some of his progenitors were the first settlers of 
Englishtown, Monmouth county, where the lamily resided 



for over one hundred and fifty years. His father removed 
from that place to Liberty Corner, in Bernard township, 
when a youth, and subsequently became pastor of a Pres- 
byterian congregation, to whuni he ministered for ihiityfiie 
years. James, the younger, received a thorough educaliun 
and graduated at Princeton College. He subsequently en- 
tered the office of Theodore Little, at Morrislown, as a 
student at law, where he continued'until licensed as an M- 
torney in June, 1865. He then removed to Elizabclli, 
where he commenced the practice of his profession, wliith 
has been a large, successful and lucrative one. At the 
present time he is counsel for many corporations, including 
large foreign corporations doing business in New Jersey. 
In political creed he is a Republican, and has taken an ar- 
dent and laborious part in various campaigns, and has also 
been frequently a delegate to county and State conventions. 
Although frequently solicited to become a candidate for 
some office in the gift of the people, he has invariably de- 
clined the honor of a nomination. He was married, No- 
vember 9lh, 1865, to a Miss Redford. 



OODHULL, HON. GEORGE SPOFFORD, As- 
sociate Justice of the Supreme Court of New Jer- 
sey, was born in Monmouth county, near Free- 
hold, New Jersey. The family has been identified 
with that county for many years, holding a high 
social position and enjoying the esteem and re- 
spect of a very wide circle. Judge Woodhull's grandfather, 
Rev. John Woodhull, D. D., was an eminent divine, and 
for more than forty years pastor of the old Tennent Church, 
located about three miles from Freehold, while his father, 
John T. Woodhull, M. D., was for many years a skilful and 
leading practitioner of the county, and died in the year 1869 
at the advanced age of eighty-three. His mother, nee Ann 
Wikoff, also belonged to the same county, having been bom 
near Manalapan. He received his early education at home, 
and after an exceptionally sound and thorough preliminary 
training, attended Princeton Academy, where he was pre- 
pared for Princeton College, which he entered in 1830. 
At the conclusion of a three years' course he gradu- 
ated with distinction with the class of 1833. Having made 
choice of the legal profession he became a student under 
Richard S. Field, of Princeton, and in due course was ad- 
mitted as an attorney in 1839. Three years later he was 
received as counsellor. He beg.an practice at Freehold, 
where he prosecuted his profession until 1850, when he re- 
moved to May's Landing, Atlantic county, and there re- 
mained for twelve years. In the year of his removal to 
May's Landing he was appointed by Governor Haines, 
Prosecuting Attorney for Atlantic county. This office he 
held for fifteen years, distinguishing himself by able and 
faithful service, which led in a few years to his appoint- 
ment as Prosecuting Attorney for Cape May county also — a 
position which, in connection with the first, he occupied for 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.I^DIA. 



ten years. During his residence in Adanlic county, in the 
year 1856, he was a candidate for the State Senate on the 
Republican ticket. The county had always been Demo- 
cratic, and there was little hope of changing the result in 
that election; but his services in the puljlic behalf, his high 
abilities as a lawyer and man of affairs, and his popularity 
as a citizen, enabled him to wield an influence sufficient to 
turn the current of public opinion. In this year he largely 
reduced the Democratic majority, and continuing his active 
efforts year after year he succeeded before he left the 
county in winning it for the Republican party, and it has 
since remained true to that allegiance. In 1866 he was 
appointed, by Governor Ward, Associate- Justice of the Su- 
preme Court of New Jersey, and had assigned to him the 
Second Judicial District, comprising the counties of Cam- 
den, Burlington and Gloucester. A well-read lawyer and 
a man of evenly-balanced mind, devoted to his profession 
and to his judicial duties, he attained such a reputation that 
on the expiration of his term, in 1873, Governor Parker, 
though differing with him politically, concluded to offer 
him reappointment. The nomination was accepted, and at 
once confirmed by the Senate, and the community secured 
for another term the services of a capable and upright 
judge. He is highly respected by the profession both as 
lawyer and judge, while in private life he is esteemed as a 
polished gentleman and a public-spirited citizen. He was 
married, in April, 1847, to Caroline Mandeville Vrooni, 
a niece of ex-Governor Vroom. 



r^'D 



|,00D, REV. JAMES, D. D., an eminent Presby- 
terian Clergyman, Teacher and Author, late of 
Hightstown, was born in New York Slate, in the 
year iSoo. He was a graduate of the Princeton 
Theological Seminary, and was ordained pastor 
of a church in Amsterdam, New York, where he 
preached for some time. He was subsequently appointed 
an agent for the Board of Education for the West, and was 
afterwards elected Professor of Church History in the In- 
diana Theological Seminary, where he remained for quite 
a number of years. After resigning from that institution he 
became Principal of an academy for boys in New Albany, 
Indiana. His next appointment was that of Assistant Sec- 
retary of the Board of Education, at Philadelphia. He was 
afterwards elected President of Hanover College, Indiana, 
which position he resigned in 1866, that he might become 
Principal of the Van Rensselaer Institute, at Hightstown. 
The primary object of this institution was the education of 
the children of missionaries. He had entered upon his 
duties with great zeal, and was making vigorous efforts 
towards a complete endowment of the institute when inter- 
rupted by death. He was the author of an able work en- 
titled "Old and New Theology," setting forth the reasons 



which led to the division of the Presbyterian Church. A 
work entitled "Call to the Ministry" was from his pen; 
besides this, he wrote several other works of a minor char- 
acter. He was profoundly learned in the specially of 
church history, as well as in the history of the Reformation; 
not only as regarded his own branch of the Reformed 
church, but in contemporaneous sects and religious bodies. 
He died at Hightstown, April 7lh, 1S67. 



LMER, GENERAL EBENEZER, M. D., Phyfi- 
cian and Surgeon, Soldier and Statesman, late 
of Bridgeton, was born, in 1752, at Cedarville, 
Cumberland county, New Jersey, and was the 
grandson of the Rev. Daniel Elmer, who re- 
moved from Connecticut to Fairfield in 1727. 
He studied medicine with his elder brother, and was about 
to establish himself in practice when hostilities commenced 
between America and Great Britain. In January, 1776, he 
was commissioned an Ensign in the company of Continen- 
tal troops commanded by the late Governor Bloonifield, 
serving in that capacity and also as a Lieutenant in the 
northern army until the spring of 1777, when, the artillery 
being reorganized, he was appointed a Surgeon's Mate. In 
June, 1778, he was appointed Surgeon of the 2d Jersey 
Regiment, and filled that position until the close of the 
war, and during the whole period of his career in the army 
was never absent from duty. After the war he married 
and settled in Bridgeton, and pursued the practice of his 
profession. In 17S9 he was elected a member of Assembly, 
and was re-elected for several successive years ; and in both 
1791 and 1795 was chosen Speaker of the House. In iSoo 
he was elected a member of Congress, and sat in that body 
for six years, being twice re-elected. His term of service 
there was coincident with the period of President Jefferson's 
administration, of which he was a supporter. He was 
Adjutant-General of the New Jersey Militia, and for many 
years Brigadier-General of the Cumberland Brigade. Dur- 
ing the war with England, in 1813, he commanded the 
troops stationed at Billingsport, in New Jersey. In the 
year 1S07, and afterwards, in 1815, he was a member of 
the Legislative Council of the State, and was chosen Vice- 
President of that body. In 1808 he was appointed Col- 
lector of the Customs for the Port and District of Bridgeton, 
which office he resigned in 1817. He was reappointed 
thereto in 1S22, and continued in the same until 1S32, 
when he again resigned ; and, having then reached the age 
of fourscore years, wholly declined public business. For a 
long period of years he had been connected with the Pres- 
byterian Church as an active and leading member. His 
great characteristic during a long and useful life was his 
stern integrity; while his benevolence, generosity and kindly 
acts endeared him to all. He was at the time of his death 



BIOGRAPHICAL E^XVCLOP.EDIA. 



119 



the President of tlie New Jersey State Branch of the Order 
of the Cincinnati, and the last surviving ofticer of the 
New Jersey line of the revolutionary army. He died at 
Bridgeton, October 1 8th, 1843. 



f LMER, HON. DANIEL, Lawyer and Jurist, was 
born, 1784, in Cumberland county. New Jersey. 
He was the fifth of that name in descent from 
I j^ Rev. Daniel Elmer, pastor of the Cohansey Pres- 
(ty^ byterian Church, and who died in 1755, leaving 
several children, whose descendants are still resi- 
dents of south Jersey. The family is of English origin, and 
the name was originally Aylmer, one of the family being 
B.iron of the Exchequer, in 1535 ; and one, John Aylmer, 
was tutor of Lady Jane Grey, and was consecrated, 156S, 
Bishop of London under the name of John Elmer. Daniel 
Elmer lost his father when but eight years of age, and he 
was placed in the family of his great-uncle. Dr. Ebenezer 
Elmer, where he resided several years. His education was 
only such as could be attained in the common schools of 
the day; but he lost no opportunity of acquiring informa- 
tion, and devoted his leisure hours to study. When about 
sixteen years old he commenced the study of the law with 
General Giles, of Biidgeton, who was at that time the 
county clerk, and young Elmer obtained employment in 
the office, by which he was enabled to liquidate his ordi- 
niry expenses. He remained with his preceptor for five 
years, and was licensed as an attorney in 1805, as a coun- 
sellor in 1808, and twenty years later attained the rank of 
serjeant-at-law. Immediately after his admission to the 
b.ir he opened an office in Bridgeton, where he resided 
during the balance of his life, except when abroad on pro- 
fessional business. He acquired a large and lucrative 
practice, especially in the collection of accounts; and, as he 
was very economical in his habits and made judicious in- 
vestments with his earnings, gradually acquired an inde- 
pendence. After Judge Dayton resigned, in 1841, he was 
appointed by the joint meeting of the Legislature a Judge 
of the Supreme Court, and sat upon the bench for four 
years. During his incumbency the celebrated Mercer case 
was tried, and he was the president Judge before whom the 
criminal was arraigned. The trial created great excite- 
ment, especially in Philadelphia, where both the victim, 
Hutchinson Heberton, and the avenger of his sister's honor, 
Sinjleton Mercer, resided. The offence took place on the 
ferry-boat plying between Philadelphia and Camden, while 
the vessel was in the waters of New Jersey. Camden at 
that time was in Gloucester county, and Woodbuiy the shire 
town and where the trial took place; Mercer was defended 
by the celebrated Philadelphia lawyer, Peter A. Browne ; 
and, aside from the feeling in favor of the accused, pre- 
sented the case so strongly to the jury that, although the 
Si.Ue's attorney proved conclusively a clear case of murder, 



technically, the jury acquitted the defendant. The hatter, 
however, was ruined morally and physically; and some 
years after, as if to atone for the crime he had committed, 
volunteered, with others, as a nurse when Norfolk, Virginia, 
was smitten with the yellow fever, contracted the fever and 
died, it is said, a true penitent. Judge Elmer was chosen 
a member of the convention which assembled to form the 
new State constitution, and entered upon his duties in that 
body with his accustomed ardor. He had ever been a 
laborious advocate and counsellor, and before he had taken 
his seat on the bench of the Supreme Court he manifested 
symptoms of overwork. In the winter succeeding the meet- 
ing of the convention he had a slight stroke of apoplexy, 
and which so affected his system as to render it advisable 
that he should resign his office as Judge. For many years 
he was President of the Cumberland Bank, of Bridgeton. 
Politically he was a member of the old Federalist party, and 
in later years a Whig of the Henry Cl.ay school. In his 
religious faith he adhered to the doctrines of the Presby- 
terian Church, and was an earnest and devout member of 
that denomination. Pie was married, in 1S08, to a daughter 
of Colonel Potter, and had a family of several children, all 
of whom, except a son and daughter, died in infancy. 
Judge Elmer died in 1S4S. 



'^ ^^ LMER, HON. LUCIUS QUINTIUS CINCIN- 
N.-\TUS, Lawyer and ex-Associate-Justice of the 
Supreme Court of New Jersey, was born in Bridge- 
fC ton. New Jersey, where he now resides, February 
(s^o 3fl.l793- His father was General Ebenezer Elmer, 
M. D., who was also a native of Cumberland 
county, and who served as a surgeon in the revolution.iry 
army, and during the war of 1812 commanded the militia at 
Billingsport. His mother was Hannah Seely, daughter of 
Rev. Ephraim Seely, of Bridgeton. He received his prepara- 
tory educational training at various schools in the neighbor- 
hood of his home, and then became a student at the Univer- 
sity of Pennsylvania. Determining to adopt the legal profes- 
sion, he studied law with his relative, Hon. Daniel Elmer, 
of Bridgeton, and in due course was licensed as attorney in 
1S15. Three years later he was called as counsellor. He 
began practice in Bridgeton and the surrounding circuits. 
A good business soon accrued to him, and he began to fill 
a considerable space in the public eye. Although not a 
politician, in the general acceptation of the term, he took a 
lively interest in public affairs, affiliating with the Demo- 
cratic party, rfhich represented the principles he believed to 
lie at the root of good government. Naturally, therefore, 
he was regarded as an eligible candidate for representative 
positions, and became a member of the lower branch of the 
Legislature during the sessions of 1820, 1821, 1822 and 
1823, serving during the latter year as Speaker of the 
House. During 1824 he was Prosecutor of the Pleas for 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 



Cumberland County, and at various times for Cape May 
County also. From 1824 to 1S29 he held the appointment 
of United States District Attorney for New Jersey, and dis- 
char^'cd the duties of that office with marked ability and 
fidelity. In 1843 he was elected to Congress from the First 
Congressional District, and served for one term. He was 
appointed Attorney-General of the State in 1S50, and held 
the position until 1852, when he was elevated to a seat on 
the Supreme bench by Governor Haines. Thereon he sat 
for fifteen years, his course throughout commanding the 
confidence and respect of the bar and the whole commu- 
nity. Since 1S69 he has ceased all active business. He is 
known as an author, having put forward several works of 
much merit and interest. In 1869 he published a " History 
of Cumberland County," which contains a very interesting 
account of the earliest settlement of the county, together 
with a history of the currency of that and the adjoining 
counties. Three years later he gave to the public a work 
entitled "The Constitution and Government of the Province 
and State of New Jersey, wiih Biographical Sketches of its 
Governors from 1776 to 1845." A large amount of valu- 
able information is gathered together in the pages of this 
work, which was published among the collections of the 
New Jersey Historical Society. In 1838 he compiled a 
" Digest of the Laws of New Jersey," which has now 
reached its fourth edition, although since its second, about 
which time its author was raised to the bench, it has been 
known as " Nixon's Digest." Judge Elmer received the 
degree of A. M. from the College of New Jersey, Princeton, 
in 1824, and that of LL. D. from the same institution of 
learning in 1865. He was married, in 1S19, to Catherine 
Hay, of Philadelphia, who still lives. 



( ILDER, SAMSON VRYLING STODDARD, an 
eminent Philanthropist, late of Elizabeth, was 
born, in the year 17S0, at Bolton, Massachusetts, 
and was of Huguenot descent. He commenced 
his mercantile life in Boston, from which city he 
went, in the course of his business life, to Paris, 
and in 1813 to London, where he soon formed the ac- 
quaintance of the Rev. Rowland Hill and other celebrities 
of iliat era. At a very early day he became connected with 
the Bible and tract societies, and in 1S23, when the Ameri- 
can Tract Society was organized, he was prevailed upon, 
after much solicitation, to accept the Presidency. He re- 
tired from that office in 1842, having presided over it for 
nearly nineteen years. Removing to New York, in 1830, 
he became a prominent banker in connection with the cele- 
brated house of Hottingner, of Paris, and later with the 
(national) Bank of the United Stales. At the time when 
he resigned the presidency of the tract society he was con- 
nected wiih a number of other organizations, from all of 
which he also retired. He was the author of a number 



of religious tracts that obtained a large and world-wide 
notoriety. He passed the evening of his days in retirement 
at Elizabeth, and was ever occupied in doing good. He 
died in that city, April 2d, 1S65. 



ORTER, LUCIUS P., late President of the Norfolk 
& New Brunswick Hosier)' Company, was born. 
May 14th, 181S, in Coldbrook, Litchfield county, 
Connecticut, and was the second child and eldest 
son of Heniy Porter, a prosperous farmer of that 
town. When he was ten years old his father re- 
moved to Norfolk, in the same State, and he remained with 
his father for several years thereafter, and attended the dis- 
trict school. AVhen nineteen years of age he entered a 
country store as clerk, where he continued some three 
years, and thence went to Plymouth, where he was simi- 
larly employed, first in the store of Paulas Warner, and 
subsequently in the establishment of Henry Terry, eventu- 
ally becoming the latter's partner. While connected with 
this gentleman he first took an interest in the manufactur- 
ing business, the firm becoming the owners of the Plymouth 
Woollen Mills. At this time he was only twenty-eight 
years old. About two years after he removed to New York 
city, although he still retained his connection with the 
mills. In 185 1 he, with two other gentlemen, having be- 
come possessed of valuable patents — his own being a rubber 
toy-rattle — organized the New York Rubber Company, 
which has since become one of the most prominent in the 
country, and with which he vN'as actively connected as 
Trustee at the time of his death ; and in that business he 
acquired the principal portion of his wealth. In 1857, with 
several other capitalists, he organized the Norfolk Hosiery 
Company, at Norfolk, Connecticut, with a capital of 
S75,ooo, of which he was chosen the Treasurer. Two 
years after the capital was increased to $125,000. This 
company was organized to carry on the manufacture of 
fully-fashioned hosiery by steam power, with machinery in- 
vented by E. E. and J. K. Kilbourn, the company having 
purchased their entire right and being the first to introduce 
this manufacture in this countrj'. E. E. Kilbourn was ap- 
pointed a superintendent in the company, and elected a 
director. During the year 1859 he accompanied Mr. Porter 
on a visit to Europe to introduce the machines, which 
threatened to revolutionize the methods then in use for 
knitting by machinery. In 1863 the demand for the com- 
pany's goods having so increased as to make it necessary to 
enlarge, a committee was appointed to select an eligible lo- 
cation in some other city, and finally the site now used by 
the Norfolk & New Brunswick Hosiery Company — which 
was the name under which the old company was reorgan- 
ized — was purchased by the corporation, whose capital was 
fixed at $300,000, and Lucius P. Porter elected President. 
The latter was so well pleased with New Brunswick that. 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOr.€DIA. 



soon after the mills went into operation, he removed to that 
city with his family, and resided there until his death. 
Under his skilful management the company prospered 
greatly, and in two years the capital stock was increased 
to $500,000, and in 1869 to $550,000. He continued as 
the principal executive officer of the corporation, as his 
management gave entire satisfaction to all interested in its 
welfare. Upon the organization of the New Brunswick 
Board of Water Commissioners, in 1873, he was elected 
President, in which position he continued until his death. 
He was also a director in the New Brunswick Savings In- 
stitution, and was connected with several other corporations 
in that city. He was for several years an active and lead- 
ing member of the First Presbyterian Church, and also one 
of the Trustees of the same. During his residence in his 
adopted city he effected much for its general prosperity, 
especially in locating there the largest, if not the most im- 
portant, of its manufactories, which will remain as a fitting 
monument to his memory. His death was a sudden one, 
his illness only lasting a few days; it occurred, April 2d, 
1876. 

Up ARON, REV. SAMUEL, Clergyman, Teacher and 
Author, late of Mount Holly, New Jersey, was 
born, in the year iSoo, at New Britain, Pennsyl- 
vania, and was of Welsh-Irish lineage. He was 
left an orphan at the early age of six years, and 
was placed under the care of an uncle, on whose 
farm he labored for several years, and during a portion of 
the winter months attended the district school. Inheriting 
a small patrimony from his father, he entered Doylestown 
Academy at the age of sixteen years, where he remained 
some four years. He thence removed to Burlington, New 
Jersey, and connected himself with the classical and mathe- 
matical school, both as a student and assistant teacher. 
After leaving this town he married, and opened a day 
school at Bridge Point, and subsequently became Principal 
of a school at Doylestown. In 1829 he was ordained a 
minister, and became pastor of the Baptist Church at New 
Britain. In 1833 he returned to Burlington, where he took 
charge of the High School, and at the same time held the 
pastorate of the Baptist Society in that place, where he re- 
mained eight years. In 1841 he accepted a call to the 
church at Norristown, Pennsylvania, and removed there. 
After preaching for about three years he resigned his 
charge, and shortly afterwards founded the " Treemount 
Seminary," about three miles from that town, which, under 
his management, became justly celebrated throughout east- 
ern Pennsylvania and New Jersey, not only in the number 
of students, but also in the thoroughness of the instruction 
imparled to them. In the great financial crisis of 1857 he 
unfortunately became involved, owing to his having in- 
dorsed for a friend, and he relinquished the property of the 
seminary to the creditors. He subsequently removed to 
16 



Mount Holly, and accepted a oall to the Baptist Church 
there, a position which he retained during the balance of 
his life. In September of the last-named year, in connec- 
tion with his son, Charles, he became the Principal of the 
Mount Holly Institute, continuing in the discharge of his 
duties up to the time of the brief illness which teiminated 
his useful life. He was twice tendered the presidency of 
the New York Central College, buf declined the honor. 
He was the author of many improvements in text-books. 
He died at Mount Holly, April iith, 1S65. 



/ 



OMERS, CAPTAIN RICHARD, Master Com- 
mandant in the United States Navy, was born, 
1778, in the township of Egg Harbor, Atlantic 
county, New Jersey, and was the youngest son 
of Colonel Richard Somers, a prominent officer 
in the revolutionary army. He received his pre- 
liminary education in the city of Philadelphia, and com- 
l^leted it in a celebrated academy at Burlington, New 
Jersey. When about sixteen years of age he went to sea in 
a coasting vessel from Egg Harbor, and during the two 
following years made sundry voyages. In 1796 he received 
from President Washington a midshipman's warrant, and 
made his first cruise in the frigate "United States," then 
recently built in Philadelphia, which was at that time under 
command of Captain Stephen Decatur. He formed a last- 
ing friendship with that brave officer, who, although his 
professional rival, respected and esteemed him highly. In 
1801 Somers was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant, and 
two years later, during the period of the difficulties with the 
Barbary powers, he was appointed to the command of the 
" Nautilus," a beautiful schooner of twelve guns, attached 
to the Mediterranean .Squadron, which sailed from the 
United States in the summer of 1S03, and afterwards be- 
came so celebrated under Commodore Preble's orders. 
When the United States squadron, under the last-named 
officer, was blockading Tripoli, in 1S04, Lieutenant Somers 
distinguished himself in its early stages, as well as on the 
enterprise which cost him his life. On one occasion 
he was engaged in a gun-boat, within pistol-shot of the 
enemy, whose strength was five-fold greater than his own; 
but the foe was obliged to withdraw, and he brought his 
own boat back in triumph. At another jieriod, as his bont 
was advancing to her position, he was leaning against the 
flagstaff, when he saw a shot coming directly towards him, 
and bowed his head to avoid it. The shot cut the flagstaff 
in two, and on measuring the remainder it was ascertained 
that he escaped death only by this timely removal. After 
several unsuccessful attempts to force the enemy to terms, it 
was resolved to fit up the ketch " Intrepid," in the double 
capacity of fire-ship and infernal, and to send her into the 
inner harbor nf Tripoli, there to explode in the very centre 
of the Turkish vessels. As her dock was to be covered 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENXYCLOP^DIA. 



with a large quantity of powder, shells and other missiles, 
it was hoped that the town would suffer from the explosion, 
as well as the shipping, and that the panic created by such 
an assault, in the dead hours of the night, might procure an 
instant peace, and more especially promote the liberation 
of the frigate " Philadelphia," whose officers and crew were 
believed, at that time, to have been reduced to extreme 
suffering by the barbarity of their captors. The imminent 
danger of the service forbade the commodore from order- 
ing any of his officers upon it ; and Somers, with whom the 
conception of the daring scheme is supposed to have origi- 
nated, volunteered to lake the command. On the after- 
noon of September 4th, 1804, he prepared to le.ive the 
" Nautilus," with a full determination to carry the ketch 
into Tripoli that night. Previously to quitting his own 
vessel he felt that it would be proper to point out the des- 
perate nature of the enterprise to the four men whom he 
had selected, that their services might be perfectly free and 
voluntary. He told them that he wished no man to accom- 
pany him who would not prefer being blown up rather than 
to be taken prisoners; that such was his own determina- 
tion, and that he wished all who went with him to be of 
the same way of thinking. The boats then gave three 
cheers in answer, and each man is said to have applied 
to him for the honor of applying the match. It may 
be proper to state, in this connection, that at this iden- 
tical period the enemy were supposed to have almost 
exhausted their supply of ammunition, and if the ketch had 
fallen into their hands they would have obtained just ex- 
actly what they required, and so prolonged the war ; rather 
than allow them so valuable a prize was another reason 
why Somers resolved to sacrifice himself and his crew. 
Being assured of the temper of his companions he took 
leave of his officers, the boat's crew doing the same J shak- 
ing hands and expressing their feelings, as if they felt 
assured of their fate in advance. Each of the four men 
made his will, verbally, disposing of his effects among his 
shipmates, like those about to die. Several of Somers' 
friends from the other ships visited him on board of the 
"Intrepid" before he got away. Among these were 
Stewart and Decatur, with whom he had commenced his 
naval career in the frigate " United States." He was grave, 
but maintained his usual tranquil and quiet manner. At 
nine o'clock in the evening Lieutenant Reed was the last to 
leave the ketch for his own vessel. When he went over the 
side of the " Intrepid" all communication between the gal- 
lant spirits she contained and the rest of the world ceased. 
At that time everything seemed prosperous. Her com- 
mander was cheerful, though calm ; and perfect order and 
method prevailed in the little craft. The leave-taking was 
affectionate and serious with the officers, though the sailors 
appeared to be in high spirits. Two boats accompanied the 
ketch to bring away the party just after setting fire to the 
train : the whole party nuiftbering thirteen, all of whom had 
volunteered. The ketch was seen to proceed cautiously into 



the bay, but was soon obscured by the haze on the water. 
It was not long before the enemy began to fire at the ketch, 
which by this time was quite near the batteries, though the 
reports were neither rapid nor numerous. At this moment, 
near ten o'clock, Captain Stewart and Lieutenant Carrol 
were standing in the "Siren's" gangway, looking intently 
towards the place where the ketch was known to be, when 
the latter exclaimed, " Look, see the light." At that mo- 
ment a light was seen passing and waving, as if a lantern 
were carried by some person in quick motion along the ves- 
sel's deck, and then it sank from view. Haifa minute may 
have elapsed when the whole firmament was lighted by a 
fiery glow ; a burning mast, with its sails, was seen in the 
air; the whole harbor was momentarily illuminated ; the 
awful explosion came, and a darkness like that of doom 
succeeded ; the whole was over in less than a minute. The 
flames, the quaking of towers, the reeling of ships, and even 
the bursting of shells, of which the majority fell into the 
water, though some lodged on the rocks, all became silent. 
The firing ceased, and from that moment Tripoli passed the 
night in as profound a stillness as that in which the victims 
of the explosion have lain from that fatal hour to the pres- 
ent time. In the American squadron the opinion was )ireva- 
lent that Somers and his determined crew had blown them- 
selves up to prevent capture ; but subsequent light has 
rendered it more probable that it was the result of an acci- 
dent, or perhaps occasioned by a hot shot from the enemy. 
Thus perished one of the bravest of the brave. Notwith- 
standing all hypotheses, and all the great efforts of human 
ingenuity in reasoning, there will rem.iin a melancholy in- 
terest around the manner of his end, which, by the Almighty 
will, is fore\ser veiled from human eyes in a sad and solemn 
mystery. He was mild, amiable and affectionate, both in 
disposition and deportment, although of singularly chival- 
rous ideas of honor and duty. As a proof of the estimation 
in which he was held, many vessels have been named after 
him, and among these the clipper brig-of-war " Somers," 
on which the celebrated mutiny took place when under the 
command of Alexander Slidell Mackenzie — an event with- 
out a parallel in the history of the United States navy. 



AN DEURSEN, WILLIAM, M. D., Physician, 
late of New Brunswick, was bom in that city. May 
l5th, 1791, where also he was educated, and 
graduated at Rutgers College, in the class of 
1809, with the first honor, and on which occa- 
sion he pronounced the valedictory address. He 
studied medicine in New York city, and after receiving his 
diploma served as physician and surgeon in one of the 
hospitals of that city. Subsequently he removed to Mon- 
mouth county. New Jersey, where he commenced the prac- 
tice of medicine, and resided there for several years ; but 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.^iDIA. 



123 



eventually returned to his native city, and there established 
a reputation for professional skill which he maintained 
until his retirement from the active duties of his calling. 
He was the eldest living Trustee of Rutgers College, hav- 
ing been elected to that office in 1S23. He died at New 
Brunswick, February 20th, 1S7J. 



/ 



JONTGOMERY, REAR-ADMIRAL JOHN B., 

of the United States Navy, was born at Allen- 
town, New Jersey, and was ap])ointed from that 
State, June 4th, 1812, receiving at that date a mid- 
shipman's warrant. Early in September of the 
same year he reported at Sackett's Harbor for 
duty in the squadron on Lake Ontario, and served succes- 
sively on board the " Hamilton " and flag-ships " Madi- 
son" and "General Pike." He participated in the naval 
attack on Kingston, Upper Canada, November loth, 181 2, 
and also in the capture of Little York (now Toronto), April 
27th, 1S13, and of Fort George and Newark on the 27th 
of the following month. In conjunction with seven other 
officers and one hundred sailors he volunteered for service 
on Lake Erie, August 4th, 1813, and joined the United 
States brig " Niagara," Captain Elliott, and took part in 
the general naval action of September loth, which resulted 
in the capture of the British fleet. For this service he re- 
ceived a sword and the thanks of Congress awarded to the 
officers of his grade. He was present during the blockade 
and subsequent attack on Mackinaw (Lake Huron), in 
August, 1 8 14, and also, during the same month, at the de- 
struction of a block-house and gun-brig on the British side 
of the lake. During the last siege of Fort Erie the 
"Niagara" was employed in protecting communication be- 
tween the fort and the United States hospitals at Buffalo, 
and the transportation of troops between the two shores of 
the lake during the months of September and October. He 
continued on board that vessel until the close of the war, and 
returned to New York late in February, 1815, in time to 
witness the general illumination in celebration of peace. 
Early in the following month of March, the United States 
being at war with Algiers, he was ordered to the sloop-of- 
war "Ontario," at Baltimore, then under the command of 
Captain Jesse Duncan Elliott, and sailed with the first 
squadron under Commodore Decatur, May 15th, 1815 for 
the Mediterranean. He participated in the capture of an 
Algerme frigate and a man-of-war brig in June, and in the 
blockade of Algiers to the close of the war, in July 181 5 
He continued to serve on board the " Ontario " and 'fri<.ate 
"United States" in the Mediterranean until 1817, when he 
returned to the United States in the store-ship "Alert," and 
m August of the s^me year was ordered to the sloop- ,f-war 
" Hornet," then preparing for sea at New York. In Feb- 
ruary, 1S18, he was transferred to the s!oop-of-war " Cyane " 
and shortly afterwards promoted to the rank of Lieutenant 



He cruised in the " Cyane," under Ciptuin Trenchard. on 
the coast of Africa, returning to the United Stales m 1S20 
and almost immediately afterwards was ordered to the slooii- 
of-war "Erie," at New York. He served on that vessel, 
under Captain Deacon, until her return from a three-years' 
cruise in the Mediterranean, in Novemljer, 1826. After a 
furlough of some eighteen months, he was placed in 1S2S 
on recruiting service, in which he was engaged durin" that 
and the following year. In 1830 he was ordered to the 
West Indies as Executive Officer of the sloop-of-war " Pea- 
cock," Captain McCall. He was subsequently transferred 
to the flag-ship " Erie," and at a later period commandtd 
that ship on a cruise along the coast of Mexico. In July, 
1S31, he was relieved from the command of the " Erie " fjy 
Captain Clark, and ordered to the flag-ship " Natchez," and 
returned in her to Norfolk, Virginia, towards the close of 
August, 1831, when he was detached on leave. From 
January, 1833, until February, 1S35, he was engaged on 
recruiting service in Philadelphia and New York, when he 
received orders to join the frigate " Constitution," at Boston, 
as E.xecutive Officer, Captain Elliott being* in command. 
This vessel sailed March 2d, 1835, for New York, and 
thence on the 15th of the .same month proceeded to Havre, 
France, to convey Mr. Livingston, the United States Min- 
ister, and family to the United States. He returned on the 
frigate in July and was detached on leave. In March, 1837, 
he was ordered to the command of the receiving-ship " Co- 
lumbus," seventy-four, at Boston ; and was detached there- 
from in May, 1839, and on the 9th of December following 
promoted to the rank of Commander. In May, 1841, he 
was ordered to the recruiting rendezvous at Boston, where 
he continued until February, 1844, when he was detached 
on leave. In October of the same year he was ordered to 
the command of the sloop-of-vvar " Portsmouth," at Ports- 
mouth, New Hampshire, and sailed in her for Norfolk, 
Virginia, on the 9th of December. From the latter port he 
put to sea in January, 1S45, hound to the Pacific Ocean, 
where he continued until near the close of the war with 
Mexico, returning with the ship to Boston, in May, 1S48, 
when he was detached on le.ive. During this cruise of the 
" Portsmouth," of three years and seven months duration, 
the officers and crew under command of Commander Mont- 
gomery took possession of and permanently established the 
authority of the United Slates at San Francisco, Sonoma, 
New Helvetia, and Santa Clara, Upper California. They 
also maintained a blockade of Mazatlan, Mexico, for some 
months; and in March and April, 1847, took possession of 
and hoisted the first United States flags at San Jose, Cape 
St. Lucas and La Paz, in Lower California, which ports 
were held until relinquished at the close of the war. In 
October, 1847, in company with the frigate "Congress," 
Captain Lav.illette, he bombarded and captured the fortified 
town and port of Guaymas, on the Gulf of California. In 
April, 1849, he was ordered as Executive Officer to the 
Navy Yard, Washington, from which he was relieved, No- 



124 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.^sDIA. 



vember 1st, 1S51, and placed on leave. He was commis- 
sioned as Captain January 6th, 1853. In April, 1857, he 
was ordered to the cumniand of the new steam frigate 
" Roanoke," at Norfolk, Virginia, and sailed thence to 
Aspinwall, returning in August of that year to New York 
with two hundred and fifty of the deluded followers of Gen- 
eral WaiUer, who had proposed to liberate Cuba. In tlie 
foUowmg month he was ordered to Washington as a mem- 
ber of one of the Court of Inquiry on Retired Officers. In 
Januaiy, 1858, the court was dissolved, when he was placed 
on leave. In April, 1859, he was ordered to the command 
of the Pacific Squadron, and to hoist his flag on the steam- 
corvette " Lancaster," at Philadelphia. He was relieved 
from this command by Commodore Charles H. Bell, in 
January, 1862, and arrived in New York on the i ith of the 
same month and placed on waiting orders (retired list). In 
the following month of May he was ordered to command 
the N.ivy Yard, Boston, and was transferred to the Navy 
Yard, Washington, December 31st, 1863. He remained at 
the Capital until October 13th, 1S65, when he was pl.aced 
on waiting orders. On July loth, 1S66, he was ordered to 
the command of the naval station at Sackett's Harbor, from 
which he was relieved September 1st, 1S69, and again 
placed on waiting orders. His last service was, it will be 
seen, in command of the station where he first made his 
entree upon his profession fifty-seven yeai-s previously. 
He was promoted to the ranks of Commodore and Rear- 
Admiral (retired list), and passed the remainder of his days 
at Carlisle, Pennsylvania, where he died March 25th, 1873. 



fcOUNG, ERENCE D., M. D., Physician, of Borden- 
I'lW 'o^^'"> "'as born in Newcastle county, Delaware, 
May 1 2th, 1S27. His father, William W. Young, 
was a native of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, who 
moved into Delaware ; he was a manufacturer in 
quite an extensive way. On the maternal side 
he is a Jerseyman, his mother having been Julia E. Ander- 
son, of Trenton. The early education of the subject of this 
sketch was received at the select school of John H. Wil- 
lets, in Philadelphia, whence he proceeded to the Newark 
Academy, Newark, Delaware. From that institution he 
was graduated in 1845, ^"(1 immediately began the study of 
medicine with Dr. William R. Grant, Professor of Anatomy 
in the University of Penusylvania. He attended the regular 
course of lectures in that university, and in due course was 
graduated, on March 8th, 1848. After receiving his diploma 
he was appointed Resident Physician of Wills Hospital for 
Diseases of the Eye, in Philadelphia, and the duties of this 
position he filled for about a year. Then he was stationed 
at the Pennsylvania Hospital, in the same city, for about a 
year. On June 25th, 1849, he removed to Bordentown, 
and opened an office for the practice of his profession. In 



that place he has remained ever since, and has developed a 
large and valuable practice. In the estimation of his brollier 
practitioners and of the.general community he holds a high 
place both as a doctor and as a man. He is a member of 
the County Medical Society, and has been sent as a dele- 
gate to the State Society a number of limes. 



INKHAM, WILLIAM E., D. D. S., Dentist, of 
Newark, was born. May 21st, 1844, in the town 
of Winslow, Kennebec county, Maine, and is a 
son of Eliasand Fannie (Sampson) Pinkham, who 
are also both natives of that State. He received 
his rudimentary education in the schools of his 
native county, and subsequently became a pupil at a 
Friends' academy in Providence. When sixteen years of 
age he commenced the study of dentistry at the Boston 
Dental College, where he attended one course of lectures ; 
and subsequently matriculated at the Philadelphia Dental 
College, where he completed his studies and graduated in 
the spring of 1873 with the degree of Doctor of Dental 
Surgery. He then removed to New Jersey, locating at 
Newark, where he has since been actively engaged in the 
practice of his profession. He is a member of the New 
Jersey State Dental Society. 



fOWNLEY, ROBERT ^V., Mayor of Elizabeth, 
New Jersey, was born, July 13th, 1S13, at Spring- 
field, in that State, and is the eldest son of Richard 
and Hannah Wade Townley, both of whom were 
also Jersey-born. His father was devoted to 
agricultural pursuits near Elizabeth, and his 
family for four generations have been identified with that 
neighborhood. The old family homestead was destroyed 
by fire in 1875, baving stood for about one hundred and 
twenty-five years. It was of the old English style of archi- 
tecture. The family itself is of English origin, being lineal 
descendants of Lord Charles Townley, of Great Britain. 
His preliminary education was obtained in a country school- 
house on the homestead, after which he attended a classical 
school for two years in Elizabeth, having in view a liberal 
education. But his tastes and preferences were found to 
be in the direction of business, and in 182S he entered a 
general country store in Elizabeth as clerk, and a few years 
afterwards engaged in business on his own account. He 
so continued until 1840, when he removed to Fort Wayne, 
Indiana, then in its infancy, and became one of the pioneer 
settlers of that section of the State, which was then largely 
populated Iiy Indians. He remained there actively engaged 
in mercantile pursuits until 1859, when he returned to Eliza- 
beth to reside, although he still retained his business interests 
in Fort Wayne until 1S70. Shortly after his return to New 



EIOGRAnilCAL E.N'CVCLOP.-EDIA. 



Jersey ihe great rebellion broke out, when be took an active 
part in sustaining the Union cause, with both his iniluence 
and purse. During the years 1S72 and 1873 he was a 
member of the Cily Council of Elizabeth; and in 1S74 was 
elected Mayor of the city, being re-elected in 1875 and 
1S76, filling that position with marked satisfaction to his 
constituents. lie is identified with various charitable and 
financial institutions in the city, and is highly respected by 
the community, as being a man of sound principles, broad 
views, and more than ordinary executive ability. 



125 



\^|^ARON,JOnX, l.-;te Chief-Engineer in the United 
C^fJ l| States Navy, was born in New Jersey, and entered 
c^fji '^"^ service from that State in 1840. When the 
(^t\ steam-frigate "Powhatan " was nearly completed 
J^J he was ordered to that vessel as one of her officers, 
and served in her during the cruise of three years 
and six months which she made, first in the Gulf of Mexico 
and thence to China and Japan. On his return to the 
United States he was variously employed for a period of 
some years, when he was assigned as Senior Assistant- 
Engineer on board the " Niagara," which vessel, in con- 
junction with several British men-of-war, were engaged in 
laying the first Atlantic cable. Shortly after the war of the 
rebellion broke out he was ordered to the " San Jacinto," 
steam-sloop, and was in charge of the engineer department 
on board that vessel when she captured the rebel commis- 
sioners. Mason and Slidell. After his return from that 
memorable cruise he was Superintendent of the monitors 
which were in course of building at the iron ship-buildi),g 
yards at Jersey City, and, among others, supervised the 
building of the " Tecumseh." Before the completion of 
that vessel he was ordered to the " Onondaga," but prefer- 
ring to go to sea in a vessel of his own construction, he 
succeeded in getting detached and ordered to the " Tecum- 
seh," and had left a sick-bed to be present at the engage- 
ment during which he lost his life. The monitor " Tetum- 
seh" was sunk in Mobile Bay on the sth day of August 



Jp^ ROWN. HON. JOHN J., President of the First 
National Bank, of Paterson, New Jersey, was 
born, in the year 1817, in the city of New York 
When he was five years old his parents were 
compelled to leave New York owfng to an epi- 
W. . r'"'" °^ '""^'' ^''''' ""'l '^^y ^<^"^oved to New 

Si' tZ' :'7". ^""' ''''"'' '""^^ "•- •^- ^ "-- 

hnally deeded to remain, and his father encased in the 
grocery business. John attended school untifh; was thir- 
teen years old, when he withdrew and became a clerk in a 
dry-goods store, «here he remained about ronr years In 



1S34 he went to New York, where he effected an cn^-i^e- 
ment as clerk to James La Tuuietle, at that lime a n„red 
fur, cap and slock manufacturer, in whose employ he con- 
tinued for some three years, including the winter of 1S36--7 
which he passed in New Orleans. Returning tu NewVork' 
in May, 1S37, he found his employer had failed, as had 
also happened to many other small and large establish- 
ments, all of which had gone down before the great finan- 
cial storm of that year. This failure prevenled him from 
entering into business himself, as he otherwise would have 
lone, and he accordingly went to Paterson. He there found 
employment as a clerk in a dry-goods store, and a few years 
later succeeded to his father's grocery business. He carried 
the latter on until 1844, when he changed his avocation and 
embarked in dry-goods on his own account; this venture 
proved a very successful one, and he continued it for twenly- 
three years, when he retired in 1S67. At the dose of his 
mercantile career he had a large establishment on Main 
street, and had built up Ihe most extensive business houses 
of the kind in the city. The First National Bank, of Pater- 
son, was established in April, 1S64, but it did not prosper, 
and during the summer of that year application had been 
made to the proper authorities to dose the institution, and 
surrender the bonds which had been deposited in accordance 
with the law. About this time, however, Mr. Frown's atten- 
tion was called to the matter, when he stepped forward and 
saved the charier. Wiih some effort, the sum of one hun- 
dred thousand dollars was subscribed, a first-class board of 
directors sdecled, who chose John J. Brown .as President 
of the bank, which was reorganized in September, 1864, 
since which time he has continued in that position, and to 
which he h.as devoted all his time and talents since he with- 
drew from active mercantile pursuits. In three months from 
the time the bank commenced business its capital was in- 
creased to two hundred and fifty thousand dollars, and on 
January 1st, 1S6S, another sum of one hundred thousand 
dollars was added. It has a large surplus fund in addition 
to the present capital of $400,000, and continues to p.ay its 
stockholders a handsome dividend semi-annually. He has 
also been connected with the Passaic Water- Works Com- 
pany since its organization ; and this corporation is greatly 
indebted to him for the earnest thought, labor and sacrifices 
I which this great work demanded. Through his manage- 
ment the financial difficulties, which ever attend improve- 
ments of this nature, have been overcome, and the works 
have proved a complete success, riot only financially but in 
all other respects. He has also bcK:n interested in other 
measures for the improvement of the city, and among these 
may be named the Cedar Lawn Cemetery. In conjunction 
with a number of other gentlemen, he purch.ased about one 
hundred acres of land, which was laid out in 1S66-67, and 
dedicated in September, 1S67. It is situated on the bank 
of the Passaic river, .about two miles distance from the citv. 
From almost the verv- organization of Paterson as a cily lie 
I was chosen one of the Board of Aldermen, and while absent 



126 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.ILDIA. 



in Europe, was agciin elected to that office. In 1854 he 
was selected as the first Mayor of the municipality, but after 
he had served his term, declined any further nomination. 
During his mayoralty he projected and carried out the 
measure for paving the sidewalks, which before this time 
had been almost entirely neglected. In 1S56 he was in- 
duced to become the nominee of the Republican party for 
the Legislature, and was elected. Pie served in the lower 
house for one year, but since that period has invariably de- 
clined all offices which have been tendered him. He is a 
man of very active, energetic temperament, system and 
practical judgment in regard to everything that he does, and 
of great courtesy and blandness in demeanor to all persons. 
As a business man and bank director he has no superior, 
and his earnest spirit and good sense in executive manage- 
ment make him invaluable as a co-worker in all enterprises. 
He avoids ostentation in every particular, and is as discreet 
and practical in all his tastes as he is reliable in his charac- 
ter. Socially he is noted for his genial traits, kindness of 
heart, and steadfastness in the discharge of all moral and 
relisjious duties. 



I AKLEY, LEWIS W., M. D., of Elizabeth, Physi- 
cian and Surgeon, ex-Surgeon-General of New 
Jersey, was born, November 22d, 1828, in the 
city of New York, and is a son of Samuel and 
Abby (Williams) Oakley, both of whom were 
also natives of New York, and of English de- 
scent. His father was for many years a leading merchant 
of that city. He received a first-class education, and entered 
Princeton College, where, after passing the usual course of 
study in that ancient and celebrated institution, he gradu- 
ated with the class of 1S49. In the same year he com- 
menced the study of medicine and matriculated at the Col- 
lege of Physicians and Surgeons, in New York city, from 
which he graduated in 1852. He then went abroad for 
travel and study, remaining a year or more. Returning to 
the United Slates, he selected Elizabeth as his residence in 
1854, where he has since continued, and controls an exten- 
sive practice. At the outbreak of the rebellion he entered the 
service as Assistant Surgeon of the 2d Regiment New Jersey 
Volunteers, May 21st, 1861, and was promoted on the 12th of 
October of the same year to the rank of Surgeon of the 41 h 
New Jersey Regiment. He was transferred to the 2d Regi- 
ment, January 2d, 1862, and from that date was Surgeon-hi- 
Chief of the 1st New Jersey Brigade, 1st Division, 6th Corps, 
until the expiration of the term for which he had enlisted in 
1864. He participated with the Army of the Potomac in 
all the battles of the war in Virginia in which that army was 
engaged, from the first battle of Bull Run down to the con- 
test at Cold Harbor, frequently performing arduous hospital 
duty; was in charge of the 6th Corps Hospital during May 
and June, 1863, and was present at the battle of Gettysburg, 
July, 1863, and was among the most efficient and esteemed 



of the surgeons of New Jersey. In 1S65 he was commis- 
sioned Surgeon-General of the National Guard of New 
Jersey, with the rank of Brigadier-General, and held that 
position until 1869. He was married, September 14th, 1853, 
to Henrietta Badwin, of Elizabeth, and after her death was 
united in marriage, March 1 8th, 1S63, to Anna, second 
daughter of Rev. David Magie, D. D., also of Elizabeth, 
New Jersey. 



ALRIMPLE, HON. VAN CLEVE, of Morris- 
town, Lawyer, and an Associate Justice of the 
Supreme Court of New Jersey, was born, 1 82 1, 
in Morris county, in thai State, and is a son of 
Joseph and Abigail (Bryant) Dalrimple, both of 
whom were of Jersey birth. His father was a mer- 
chant and a native of Morris county, while his mother was 
from Essex county. He received an excellent education at 
the academy in Morristown, and when nineteen years of age 
left school and commenced the study of the law in the 
office of Henry A. Ford, an eminent attorney of Morristown, 
whom he had selected as his preceptor. Having pursued 
his legal studies for the required time, he was licensed as an 
attorney in 1843, and advanced to the rank of counsellor-at- 
law in 1847. He immediately after his admission to the 
bar commenced the practice of his profession at Morristown, 
where he at once made his mark, and took a front rank 
among the legal practitioners in that section of the Slate. 
He was appointed in 1852 Prosecutor of the Pleas for Morris 
county, and filled that position with great ability during his 
term of office, which expired in 1857. He was nominated 
as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court in 1S66, and 
having been duly confirmed by the Senate, took his seat on 
the bench, which office he has since held. He was a 
Democrat in opinion and practice until the troubles arose in 
connection with the repeal of the Missouri Compromise, 
when he left that organization and united with the Free- 
soil, afterwards termed the Republican party. He was 
married, 1853, to Mary Anna, daughter of Dr. Isaac W. 
Canfield, of Morristown, New Jersey. 



VA^/ryiGH, HON. JOHN J., Mayor of Rahway, was born, 
March 6th, 1829, in Weslfield, New Jersey, and 
is a son of John and Sarah (Meeker) High, which 
family and their progenitors have been for a long 
series of years prominently identified with that 
town. His father, John High, was a captain in 
the New Jersey Artillery in the war of 181 2, and both his 
grandfathers participated in the war for independence. 
James Meeker, his maternal grandfather, was of French de- 
scent, and during the revolutionary struggle was attached to 
the staff of General Lafayette. Young High v.-.as educated 
at an academy in Rahw.ay, and in 1S46, .ificr leaving 



BIOGRAPHICAL EXCVCLOP.EDIA. 



t27 



school, went to New York city, where he effected an en- 
gagement as a clerk in a wholesale dry-goods house, re- 
maining there six years. Returning to New Jersey he 
engiged in business on his own account, starting a store for 
the sale of manufacturers' hardware, and in which he has 
coniinued to the present time. He has always taken an 
active part in politics, and was a Democrat until 1855, since 
which time he has affiliated with the Republican party. He 
W.1S elected in 1S61 to the Legislature on that ticket, in 
which body he served one term. Subsequently he was 
chosen as a member of City Councils, which position he 
held for four years, and for three years was President of that 
body. From 1858 until it ceased to exist in 1865, he was a 
Director of the Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank of Rahway ; 
he is at present a Director in the Rahway Savings Bank, 
and also of the Rahway Fire Insurance Company. He has 
been foremost among his fellow-townsmen in promoting the 
welfare and prosperity of his adopted city, and is regardetl 
by all as a valuable and public-spirited citizen. He was 
married in 1866 to Anna Sheddan, daughter of Rev. S. S. 
Sheddan, D. D. ; she died in 1872. 



;UNT, JOHN W., M. D., Physician and Surgeon, 
was born, October loth, 1834, in Groveland, 
Livingston county. New York, and is the son of 
Elijah and Eunice (Huffman) Hunt; the former, 
a farmer by occupation, was born in Pennsylvania, 
but when about two years of age, in 1796, his 
father, John. Hunt, removed with his family from Pennsyl- 
vania to Livingston county. New York, and was one of the 
pioneers of that county, all that part of the State being then 
a wilderness. Dr. Hunt is of English descent, his great- 
gr.-indfather's father having emigrated from England to one 
of the New England colonies. His great-grandfather, 
William Hunt, was born in Rhode Island, married and re- 
moved to New Jersey. His grandfather, John Hunt, was 
born in New Jersey. Dr. Hunt whde a youth attended the 
district school in his native town, where he received a good 
common-school education. He subsequently became a 
pupil in the Genesee \Vesleyan Seminary, at Lima, New 
York, where he remained three years. Early in life he ex- 
pressed a desire to study medicine, which was not encour- 
aged by his parents. His early choice of a profession, 
however, was never changed, and in the spring of 1856 he 
entered the office of Dr. Alexander C. Campbell, at Lima, 
New York, as a medical student. In the spring of 1857 he 
proceeded to New York city, matriculated at the University 
Medical College, and attended the summer course of lec- 
tures, at the same time receiving instruction in the private 
classes of Drs. T. Gaillard Thomas and William R. Donaghe. 
He continued at the university, attending the winter course 
of lectures of 1S57-58, and in the spring of 1858 returned to 
Livingston county, and .assisted Dr. Campbell in his practice 



during the summer. His second full course of lectures he 
attended at the university the following winter, and gradu- 
ated in the spring of 1859. Soon after receivmg his diploma 
he presented himself with other candidates for examinalioii 
by the examining board for Internes to Bellevue Hospital. 
He was one of the successful candidates and was appointed 
one of the junior assistants on the house staff. As his ser- 
vices were not required at the hospital during his six months' 
term of junior service (unlessa vacancy should occur) he ob- 
tained leave of absence and sailed for England, where con- 
siderable lime was occupied in visiting the English hos]>itals, 
chiefly in London. He returned to New York in October, 
and entered upon his duties on the House .Staff of Bellevue 
Hospital, where he remained until his term of service ex- 
pired in the fall of i860. Having determined to make 
Jersey City, New Jersey, his future home, he at once opened 
an oflice there and commenced practice. At the breaking 
out of the rebellion he was called by his native State to 
take professional charge of the loth Regiment, New York 
Stale Volunteers, which was one of the first to organize. 
He at once responded to the call, and, in May, 1861, was 
commissioned Surgeon of that regiment, and followed its 
fortunes until the spring of 1862, when he resigned his Stale 
commission for the purpose of accepting a United States 
commission as " Brigade Surgeon," afterwards designated 
" Surgeon of United States Volunteers." Immediately 
thereafter he was ordered to take charge of the " Mill Creek 
General Hospital," near Fortress Monroe, Virginia, then 
just opened. Here he was actively engaged until the last 
of August, when he w.as attacked with fever, which con- 
fined him to his bed three months; he was sent north on 
leave of absence, and in January, 1863, being still feeble and 
unfit for duty in the field, he retired from the service. Early 
in March following he visited New Orleans as surgeon of a 
government transport, and returned much improved in 
strength. In M.ay he resumed practice in Jersey City, and 
at once took a prominent position among the profession. 
In 1864 he was appointed Examining Surgeon of recruits 
drafted into the service. He is an active member of the Dis- 
trict Medical Society for the County of Hudson; and as a 
delegate to the New Jersey State Medical Society for a 
number of years, he takes a deep interest in the proceedings 
of that body, and has generally been a contributor to Us 
transactions. He has also at sundry times contrilnited to 
the literature of the profession. Dr. Hunt had not prac- 
tised long in Jersey City before he recognized the necessity 
of a city hospital, and in 1866 he began to agitate the sub- 
ject among the profession and others interested in such 
matters, but it w.-is without avail until two years later, in 
1868, when, with the aid of a few of his professional friends, 
he prepared and submitted to the Common Council, through 
a special committee of that body, an ordinance, which was 
passed, creating the Jersey City Charity Hospital, the first 
hospital in the State of New Jersey estalilished .as a fiiblic 
charity. He was appointed one of the attending surgeons. 



I2S 



BIOGRArHICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 



and holds that position at the present lime. He is also one 
of the visiting surgeons to the Hudson County Church 
Hospital. He has always manifested great interest in the 
institutions with which he is professionally connected, and 
has devoted to them much time and attention. In fact, in 
all that pertains to the advancement of his profession or the 
relief of suffering, he is a zealous worker. He was mar- 
ried in lS66 to N. Adeline Reynolds, daughter of H, S. 
Reynolds, Esq., of Springfield, Massachusetts. 



I OCT, LOUI.S C, Journalist, late of Monistown, 
was born in Hamburg, Germany, May 3d, 1808, 
and was brought to the United States by his pa- 
rents in his third year. The family originally 
settled in Philadelphia, but soon removed to New 
York, where the father found employment on the 
Commercial Advertise?; then owned and edited by Francis 
Hall and Colonel Stone. Several years later, Louis, then a 
mere lad, was taken into the same office, and, excepting a 
short time spent on the New York Evening P^sl as a jour- 
neyman, he remained therein until 1S3S, when he settled 
in Morristown. By this time his three younger brothers, 
Henry, George and Charles, had all been received into the 
Advertiser office for the purpose of learning the printing 
business. Just l^efore Louis Vogt arrived in Morristown the 
yerseyman had been the organ of the Democratic party in 
the county. But differences had arisen betw-een the 
leaders and its editor, which resulted in the paper taking an 
independent position. This led to the establishment of an- 
other paper, which should fill its place, and to the new 
journal was given the name of The Democratic Banner. 
Mr. Vogt was engaged upon the Banner, and continued to 
edit it until the owners required of him the performance of 
duties obnoxious to his sense of right and self-respect, when 
he retired. Encouraged by many friends, who did not ap- 
prove the course pursued by the Banner proprietors in 
manipulating parly affairs, he soon began the publication of 
tile True Democratic Banner, the insertion of the word 
" True" in the heading l^eing designed to distinguish it as 
the true or only legitimate Banner of the two publications. 
The original Banner did not survive the withdrawal of Mr. 
Viigt, who continued with manly earnestness and vigor to 
fi^ht the b.-ittleof reform within the party, until his efforts 
were crowned in the rescue of the county from the domina- 
tion of the opposition. This result was not easily accom- 
plished. He had to contend against powerful and un- 
scrupulous foes within the ranks of the organization, who, 
when they found temptation after temptation unavailing, re- 
sorted to threats and sought to establish a Democratic jour- 
n.al in opposition. But through all he preserved his fidelity 
to principle and turned a deaf ear to all personal considera- 
tions, the while he labored as publisher and printer wilh in- 
domitable energy and an ability receiving daily wider recog 



nition. As a consequence he achieved his ambition, and 
established in Morris county a Democratic newspaper upon 
a firm foundation. As a business man he proved himself 
the possessor of thoroughly progressive ideas. He was the 
first to introduce into tlie county modern improvements in 
the art of printing, to replace the old-fashioned, slow-going 
hand presses by belter and yet improved appliances, until at 
last the paper, published in a handsome building erected by 
himself and furnished with all ihe latest improvements, was 
printed by steam-power. Devoted to the printing art, he 
took great pleasure and pride in gathering recruits into its 
service from among his relatives and friends, and his advice 
and assistance were ever ready to render their essays suc- 
cessful. He lived to see his three sons grow up and become 
established in the business, as well as eighteen near rela- 
tives, andnearly all prosperous. He was married, Decem- 
ber 28th, 1834, and his wife proved a help-meet in the 
truest and highest sense. When w-ilh years came great af- 
fliction, she nursed, sustained, cheered and helped him with 
a devotion and a skill at once rare and beautiful. Origi- 
nally a man of great physical power, he experienced the first 
symptoms of paralysis in his lower limbs about 1850, m a 
stiffening of the knees, which prevented him from running. 
These became gradually more aggravated, necessitating the 
use of a cane, then crutches, and then (in 1862) a wheeled 
chair, in which he was conveyed to and from the office. But 
the heat of the summer of 1870 prostrated him, and his 
visits to the office became fewer, until they ceased altogether 
in the spring of 1875. He died, December 4th, in the same 
year. Piety distinguished him through life. At fifteen he 
became a member of the German Reformed Church, For- 
syth street. New York, and he remained in that communion 
until his departure for Morristown. On arrival there he 
connected himself with the Methodist Episcopal Church. 
During long years of suffering he drew from religion a com- 
fort and support which rendered him always resigned and 
cheerful. His death was a public loss. 



LMER, WILLL\M, A. ^L, M. D., Physician, of 
Bridgeton, New Jersey, was born in that town, 
October 5lh, 1814. He comes of a long line of 
physicians, his failier and grandfather having 
both been successful and prominent followers of 
the profession of medicine. His father, Wiili.am 
Elmer, M. D., who died in 1S36, was also a native of 
Bridgeton, where he practised for a period of Ion years. 
The mother of the suliject of this sketch was also to the 
manor born, being Nancy Boyd Potter, daughter of Colonel 
Potter, of Bridgeton. He was prepared for college at the 
excellent school of Rev. Isaac Brown, at Lawrenceville, 
New Jersey, and entered Ihe sophomore class at Princeton 
College in 1S30. From this in tltution he was graduated 
in 1832, and honored with the Englidi sahilalory oration. 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 



129 



Having early imbibed a taste for the medical profession, 
and determined to adopt it, he then became a student under 
Dr. Joseph Parrish, of Philadelphia, and matriculating at 
the University of Pennsylvania, in 1833, he received his 
degree therefrom in the spring of 1836. The following 
eighteen months he. spent at Blockley Almshouse, than 
which few better schools for study present themselves to 
young practitioners. Of this term he served for one year 
as Resident Physician, and at the end of that time he was 
elected as Resident Physician of the Children's Hospital. 
In July, 1837, he returned to his native place .and began a 
practice there which has been continued down to the pres- 
ent time, and which has been uniformly successful. To-d.ay 
Dr. Elmer is the leader of the profession in West Jersey, 
and is thoroughly known throughout that section of the 
State, honored by his brethren and the community at large. 
He has always been devoted to medicine, and his devotion 
and skill have won for him the confidence and esteem of 
many of the leading physicians outside of the State. He is 
a Fellow of the New Jersey State Medical Society, and 
served as its President in i860; several limes he has been 
chosen President of the Cumberland Country District Medi- 
cal Society. He was married, December 19th, 1839, to 
Eliza R. Whiteley, of Wilmington, Delaware, and has four 
children living, three sons and a daughter; two of his sons 
are doctors— William Elmer, Jr., of whom a sketch follows, 
is practising at Trenton; H. W. Elmer, who was graduated 
from Princeton in 1 866, and from the University of Penn- 
sylvania in 1869, is associated with his father in practice. 



until July, 1869, when he removed to Trenton, in which 
city he has since resided. Devoted to his profession, he 
soon took rank among the leaders of the medical fraternity, 
and enjoys the esteem and confidence of them all, together 
with that of the community wherein he resides. He is a 
member of the Mercer County District Medical Society, 
and at present Vice-President of that body. He is the pres- 
ent Corresponding Secretary of the New Jersey Stale Medi- 
cal .Society. He was married, in 1S69, to Alice Grey, 
of Columbia, Pennsylvania. 



s°-& 



f LMER, WILLIAM, M. D., of Trenton, New Jer- 
sey, was born at Bridgeton, New Jersey, Decem- 
ber 14th, 1840. His parents were William and 
Eliza R. (Whiteley) Elmer. His father is now, 
and has been for many years, a distinguished 
and leading medical practitioner in the city of 
Bridgeton. After the usual prepar.atory course he entered 
Princeton College, in 1S58, and was graduated therefrom 
in i86i, receiving in due course the degrees of A. B. and 
A. M. Coming from a long line of physicians, the family 
for three generations previous having followed that time- 
honored profession, William Elmer, Jr., matriculated in 
medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, in the fall of 
1861, at thfe same time becoming a student in the office of 
Drs. Levick, Hunt and Penrose, practitioners in Phila- 
delphia, who also conducted a private medical class. Pur 
suing the regular courses at the University of Pennsylvania, 
he received his degree of M. D. from that institution in the 
spring of 1863. The eighteen months following was de- 
voted to extending his medical knowledge by a practical 
(fourse at the Episcopal and Pennsylvania Hospitals. At 
the expiration of this time he returned to Bridgeton, and 
was associated in active professional duty with his father 
17 



ANNON, GARRIT S., Lawyer, of Bordentown, 
was born in Somerset county, New Jersey, being 
^U ! ">« s°" of Rev. James Spencer and Catharine 
^'^rf (Brevoort) Cannon, both natives of the same 
(sT^i State. His father, whose eminent qualifications 
and long and distinguished services as a minister 
eceived recognition in the degree of Doctor of Divinity, 
bestowed on him by Union College, was for years Professor 
of Theology in the Dutch Reformed Theological Seminary 
at New Brunswick. He held for the same period the chair 
of Metaphysics in Rutgers College. In both of these de- 
partments of science and religion he was an acknowledged 
authority, and certainly in his time had no superior as a 
teacher. He died in 1S52, having filled the professorship 
of theology in the seminary for thirty years. His wife was 
liorn in Bergen county. New Jersey, descending from a 
family that had long been settled in the Stale. The eaily 
education of Garrit S. Cannon was conducted at the Rut- 
gers College Grammar School, in New Brunswick. It was 
here that he made his preparations for an academic career. 
In 1S29 he entered Rutgers College, from which, after 
passing through all the studies of its comprehensive four 
years' course, he graduated in 1S33. Immediately after 
leaving college he commenced the study of law in the office 
of B. R. Brown, of Mount Holly, and in November, 1836, 
was licensed as an attorney, and three years after as coun- 
sellor. Being thus qualified for a professional career, he 
removed to Bordentown and engaged in practice, which 
has uninterruptedly engaged his attention ever since. He 
was appointed to the Prosecuting Attorneyship of the county 
by Governor Daniel Haines, in 1850, and so acceptably 
discharged all the varied and weighty responsibilities of 
this office as to merit a reappointment, in 1S55, at the 
hands of Governor R. M. Price, and a second reappoint- 
ment .-^t the hands of Governor Joel Parker, in 1S65. Dur- 
ing this period he more than satisfied all claims of Ihe 
people against a public functionary, and secured a reputa- 
tion second to that of no other member of his profession in 
the State, as an earnest and forcible lawyer and a fearless 
Prosecuting Attorney. President Pierce honored him, in 
1S53, with the appointment of United States District At- 
torney for the State, and President Buchanan reaffirmed ihg 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 



wisdom of his predecessor's choice by reappointing Mr. 
Cannon to the same office in 1857. As a pleader he is not 
surpassed by any other in his section of the State. His 
presentation of the fact and the law of a case ; his keen 
analysis of evidence ; his citations of authorities in support 
of his arguments, are rnpid, clear, decisive. Few men are 
more fluent in speech, more thorough in preparation, more 
brilliant in legal strategy. Early in life he manifested a 
deep interest in politics, and identified himself with the old 
Jeffersonian Democracy. In 1845 he was elected to the 
lower house of the State Legislature, and served his con- 
stituency with ability and zeal. Though still true to the 
party of his first and only choice, he no longer is an active 
leader, devoting all his time to his professional duties. He 
has given his support to all measures for local governmental 
improvement, and to enterprises calculated to increase the 
comfort of his fellow-citizens and to beautify the town in 
which he resides. He is President of the Gas Company, 
of Bordentown, and President of the Water Works Com- 
pany, and has been a director, as well as the attorney, of 
the Bordentown Banking Company ever since its organiza- 
tion. He is an energetic, public-spirited citizen, and enjoys 
the esteem of all his fellow-townsmen. In November, 
1839, he was married to Hannah Kinsey, daughter of 
Charles Kinsey, Esq., of Burlington, New Jersey. 

J ""^^ 

jiN FIELD, HON. CHARLES HARDEN- 
BEKGH, Lawyer and ex-Senator, of Jersey 
City, .was born, November 8th, 1829, in the 
town of Deerpark, near Port Jervis, New York. 
He is the fifth son of Henry and Deborah (West- 
brook) Winfield. His father was a Pennsylvanian 
by birih, and by occupation a farmer. His mother was 
from Sussex county, New Jersey. He obtained his pre- 
liminary education at the district school of Westfall town- 
ship. Pike county, Pennsylvania, across the Delaware from 
Port Jervis, and pursued his academical studies at Decker- 
town, New Jersey, under the care of the late William 
Rankin. He entered the sophomore class in Rutgers 
College, New Brunswick, in the fall of 1849, and gradu- 
ated in 1852, standing fourth in his class. In 1855 he 
received from his A/ma Mater the degree of Master of 
Arts. Having selected the law as his future profession, he 
entered the law office of the late Chancellor Zabriskie, of 
Jersey City, in October, 1852. After three yeare of study 
under his able preceptor he was admitted to the bar, No- 
vember 8lh, 1855. He immediately began the practice of 
the law in Jersey City, where he has since been constantly 
engaged in the duties of his profession. At the present 
time (October, 1S76) there remain in active practice but 
three lawyers who were in their profession in Hudson 
county when he came to the bar. He ranks high in" the 
criminal branch of his profession, and is expert in the man- 



agement of a cause and the examination of witnesses. In 
1865 he was counsel in the case of Bonker & Wood vs. 
Randel, Helm & Co. The plaintiffs sued to recover the 
contract price of an engine, placed in a tug-boat. The 
defendants insisted that the engine was not constructed 
according to the contract, and desired to recover their 
damages. As the law then stood this coidd not be done ; 
the only remedy was to bring a cross-action. Hence the 
defence was ruled out; but Mr. Winfield, being convinced 
of the justice of his claim, carried the case to the Supreme 
Court, and there succeeded in establishing the principle of 
recoupment. In 1865 he was elected by the Democratic 
paity of Hudson county to the State Senate for a term of 
three years, taking his seat in January, 1866. While a 
member of that body he was its acknowledged leader in 
debate, and took an active part in all questions pertaining 
to the welfare of his constituents and the State at large. 
His opposition to the bill to establish a Board of Police 
Commissioners for Jersey City was persistent, manly and 
eloquent, and marked the course which his party has since 
pursued in its opposition to local commissions for the rule 
of municipal bodies. Notwithstanding a trained party vote 
against him, he succeeded in engrafting upon the bill sev- 
eral amendments of importance to Jersey City. Through 
blunder or fraud these amendments were not incorporated 
in the bill signed by the Governor and filed with the Sec- 
retary of State. This state of facts presented a sericus 
question, and it afterwards came before the Supreme Court 
on application for mandamus to compel the old police 
authorities to surrender the police property in their posses- 
sion to the new Board of Commissioners. Senator Winfield 
and the present Associate-Justice, Bradley, of the United 
States Supreme Court, were retained to resist the applica- 
tion. The court granted the writ, and established or con- 
firmed the doctrine, that, without special legislation for that 
purpose, there was no authority to inquire into the question 
whether the bill signed by the proper officers, and filed in the 
office of the Secretary of State, ever passed the Legislature. 
It was a record behind which they could not go, though 
admitted to be a fraud and a cheat. Among other impor- 
tant bills which have added greatly to the population and 
taxable wealth of Hudson county, he sustained what was 
known as the " Harsimus Cove bill." This was to author- 
ize the United Railroad Companies to construct a spur 
from their main line, at Bergen Hill, to the Hudson river, 
at Harsimus, and improve the lands under water. The bill 
passed, the road elevated above the streets was constructed, 
the Slate received $500,000 for the lands under water, and 
the abattoir and caltle-yards~— the largest on the Atlantic 
seaboard — were built. Previous to his election to the 
Senate, the Legislature had rejected the Thirteenth .Amend- 
ment to the Constitution of the United .States. During his 
first year, the Republicans being then in the majority, a 
resolution to approve the said amendment was brr.u:;ht for- 
ward. This was opposed by the Democials on the ground 



EIOGRArmCAL ENCVCI.np.EDIA. 



J3« 



that the previous action of the Legislature could not be re- 
considered. Senator Winfield here proved himself above 
the mere partisan, and took a decided stand against the 
views of his own party. He voted for its adoption. During 
this same session (l866) he took a bold stand against the 
attempt of the House of Assembly to impeach Chancellor 
Green and Judge Van Dyke, on the petition of Mr. Charles 
F. Durant. In 1867 the Legi-.lature approved the Four- 
teenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States. 
This was opposed by Senator Winfield and his party. In 
the session of 1868, this amendment not yet having received 
the approval of the requisite number of States, the Demo- 
crats being then in the majority, a resolution was introduced 
to withdraw the approval of New Jersey. This resolution 
was supported by Senator Winfield in a speech which was 
pronounced a masterpiece of logic, law and eloquence. As 
a public speaker he ranks high in the popular favor. His 
latest effort of decided merit was his Centennial Oration, 
delivered in Jersey City, July 4th, 1876. In 1872 he pub- 
lished a " History of the Laiid Titles in Hudson County, 
from 1609 to 1 87 1," a royal octavo volume of 443 pages', 
with maps. This work is a thorough and exhaustive com- 
pilation, and an acknowledged authority upon the subject. 
In 1874 he published a " History of Hudson County, New 
Jersey, from its Earliest Settlement to the Present Time," 
an octavo volume of 568 pages. Both of these works not 
only prove a versatility of talent in the author, but exhibit a 
depth of research and comprehensive grouping of facts 
which, while they impart valuable information, furnish 
attractive reading, the true forte of the popular historian. 
He was married, February' 14th, 1856, to Harriet Mc- 
Dougall Allen, of Schenectady, New York. 



/ 



AINBRIDGE, COMMODORE WILLIAM, of 

the United States Navy, was born. May 7th, 
1774, at Princeton, New Jersey, and was the son 
of Dr. Absalom Bainbridge, a highly respected 
physician, who removed to New York while 
William was but a child, leaving him under the 
care of his maternal grandfather, John Taylor, of Mon- 
mouth county, where he received his education. He 
entered the sea-service as an apprentice on board of a mer- 
chant vessel from Philadelphia. When eighteen years old, 
while mate of the ship " Hope," on her voyage to Holland, 
the crew, taking advantage of a violent gale of wind, rose 
against the officers, seized the captain, and had nearly suc- 
ceeded in throwing him overboard. Young Bainbridge, 
hearing the alarm, ran on deck with an old pistol, without 
a lock, and being assisted by an apprentice boy, who was 
of Irish birth, rescued the captain, seized the ringleaders 
and quelled the mutiny. In July, 1798, he unexpectedly 
received the command of the United States schooner " Re- 
taliation," of fourteen guns, that being the period of the 



commencement of hostilities with the French (Directory) 
government. In September of that year, while cruising off 
Guadaloupe, the " Retaliation " was cr.ptured by a French 
.squadron and carried into the port of Bassetene, where she 
was detained, and Bainbridge with his officers and men 
were held as prisoners of war until the month of December 
following, when she was given up. Upon his liberation he 
returned to the United States with his command, and on 
his arrival was pronlbted, first to the rank of Master, and 
then as Commander; and was thereupon appointed to the 
command of the brig-ofwar " Norfolk," in which vessel he 
cruised very actively for the protection of our commerce in 
the West Indies during a large portion of our war with 
France. In the year l8c» he was cbmmissioned a Post- 
Captain in the United States navy, and was appointed to 
the command of the frigate " George Washington," in 
which he was sent to Algiers with presents, which the gov- 
ernment of the United States had agreed to make to that 
power. While at Algiers the Dey demanded that he should 
convey his ambassador and retinue to Constantinople with 
his presents to the Grand Seignior. To this demand Cap- 
tain Bainbridge demurred, and protested against this ob- 
noxious request. But all remonstrances were in vain ; he 
was under the-batteries of Algiers, and a declaration of war 
against the United States was threatened by the Dey ; if he 
did not comply with this outrageous demand, a valuable 
and unprotected trade in the Mediterranean was at the 
mercy of the Algerine cruisers if this threat was executed. 
After assenting to the demand of the Dey, the " George 
Washington " sailed with the motley embassy, and arrived 
in the harbor' of Constantinople, November 12th, 1800. 
When the Turkish officers were informed that it w.as a 
United States ship, they replied that they knew of no such 
nation. Captain Bainbridge, by explaining that America 
was the new world, was enabled to gue them some idea of 
the United States. He remained in Constantinople for two 
months, during which time he was iffeated with great dis- 
tinction by the Ottoman government, upon whom he made 
a most favorable impression. Early in January, iSoi, he 
sailed for Algiers, and afPer fulfilling diis mission there re- 
turned to the United States. The course he had adopted 
was fully sustained by the administration, and he was com- 
plimented by the President for his forbearing demeanor 
towards a semi-civilized power. He was next appointed to 
the frigate " Essex," which was destined to the Mediter- 
ranean station ; and after the declaration of war by Algiers 
was transferred to the frigate " Philadelphia." He sailed 
for the Mediterraiiean in July, 1803, somewhat in advance 
of the rest of the squadron. On his arrival at Gibraltar he 
was informed that two "Pripolitan cruisers were oflT Cape de 
Gatte, and he sailed at once in quest of them. On the night 
of August 26th, "while under that cape, he fell in with the 
"Moorish frigate " Meshbo^," of twenty-two guns and 1 20 
men, having an American brig in company. On examining 
the Moorish vessel he found that she had captured the brig 



BIOGRAPHICAL EN'CYCLOP.EDIA. 



" Celia," of Boston, and had lier master and crew on board 
as f>risoners. He immediately captured the frigate, and re- 
captured the brig and returned her to her proper master. 
The Moorish captain at first declined to show authority for 
his acts; but when Bainbridge threatened to treat him as a 
pirate, he produced an order from the Governor of Tangier 
for the capture of American vessels. Bainbridge carried 
his prize to Gibraltar, and went in search of another 
Moorish vessel, but failed to find her. In the meantime 
Commodore Preble arrived, and the latter, after approving 
all that his subordinate had accomplished, found no diffi- 
culty in placing American relations with Morocco on a 
pacific footing. While cruising in the "Philadelphia" 
frigate before the harbor of Tripoli, having sighted an 
enemy's frigate, Bainbridge immediately ran for her, but, 
unfortunately, going into shoal water, the " Philadelphia" 
grounded, about three miles from the town. He was im- 
mediately surrounded by gunboats, and seeing no hope of 
escape, and after consultation with his officers, surrendered 
the vessel. This was on the 13th of October, 1803, and the 
entire ship's company, numbering in all some 315 men, 
were captured and taken before the Bashaw, who conversed 
with Bainbridge through an interpreter. After intimating 
to him that the fortunes of war had brought him into this 
unpleasant situation, the whole party were ordered to be 
imprisoned, and were placed in charge of Sidi Mohammed 
D'Ghies. During their incarceration, which lasted for 
nineteen months, the Danish Consul, N. C. Nissen, paid 
them every attention,' for which he subsequently received 
the thanks of Congress and a handsome testimonial from 
Captain Bainbridge and his officers. Shortly before their 
release Colonel Lear negotiated a treaty with Tripoli, when 
they were delivered up and returned to the United States. 
After reaching home a court of inquiiy was called to in- 
quire into the loss of his ship, and he was honorably ac- 
quitted. Shortly after the declaration, by Congress, of war 
with Great Britain, Captain Bainbridge took command of 
the frigate "Constitution." On December 29th, 1812, 
while running down the coast of Brazil, he fell in with the 
British frigate "Java." After an action of two hours the 
"Java's" fire was completely silenced, and her colors being 
down, Bainbridge supposed that she had struck. He there- 
fore shot ahead to repair his rigging, but while hove-to for 
that purpose discovered that her colors were still flying, al 
though her mainmast had gone by the board. He accord- 
ingly bore down again upon her, and having come close 
athwart her bows was on the point of raking her with a 
broadside, when she hauled down her colors, being com- 
pletely an unmanageable wreck, entirely dismantled, with- 
out a spar of any sort standing. On boarding her it was 
found that her commander. Captain Lambert, was mortally 
wounded (he died the next day), and that the "Java" was 
so much injured that it would be impossible to take her to 
the United States. Captain Bainbridge, himself seriously 
wounded, was assisted by two of his officers to the cot on 



which Captain Laniliert !.iy on his own quarter-deck, and a 
touching scene was witnessed when Bainbridge returned to 
him the sword he had surrendered. After the prisoners 
and baggage were removed the " Java " was blown up. 
She carried forty-nine guns of heavier calibre tlian the 
" Constitution," which carried fifty-four, and had a crew of 
400 men, having, in addition to her own ship's company, 
upwards of loo supernumerary officers and seamen for 
different ships on the East India station, among whotri 
were a master and a commander in the navy, and also 
Lieutenant-General Hislop and his two aids, of the British 
army. General Hislop was a passenger, and had been 
appointed by the British government as the governor of the 
Bombay district, and was on his way thither when cap- 
tured. Between him and Captain Bainbridge a warm 
friendship was contracted, which continued through life 
without any interruption. The " Ccmstitulion " returned to 
the United States for repairs, her timbers being much de- , 
cayed. Congress voted to Captain Bainbridge a gold 
medal, and medals of silver to each of the officers, and dis- 
tributed the sum of $50,000 to the crew as prize money. 
It should be stated that the "Java" lost sixty killed and 
over 100 men wounded; while the "Constitution" had but 
nine killed and twenty-five wounded. Captain Bainbridge, 
having been detached from the " Constitution," was ordered 
to the command of the navy-yard at Boston, where he re- 
ained until peace was declared. Meanwhile he superin- 
tended the construction of the " Independence," of seventy- 
four guns, and after she was launched and equipped he was 
appointed to the command of a squadron of twenty sail, 
and had the honor of raising his broad pennant to the mast- 
head of the fii-st line-of-battle-ship — the " Independence" — 
that ever adorned the United States navy. This force was 
intended to act against the Algerines, but peace was con- 
cluded before it reached the Mediterranean. Captain Bain- 
bridge, however, settled disputes with the Barbary powers 
satisfactorily, and then returned home. On his arrival he 
was named to the command of the vessels afloat at Boston, 
where he remained until 1S19, when he was assigned to the 
" Columbus," shipof-the-line, of eighty guns, once more to 
the Mediterranean station, from which he returned in 1821, 
this being his last cruise. From that time until his death 
he was variously employed on important shore duty, com- 
manding at different times the navy-yards at Boston and 
Philadelphia, and holding the position of President of the 
Board of Naval Commissioners. As an officer he had few 
superiors. Although ardent in temperament, he was cool 
in danger, and always possessed the confidence of those 
under his command. His system of discipline, though 
rigid, was always consistent and just; and he was remark- 
able for paying the greatest attention to the training of his 
young officers. The whole of his long and arduous career 
was most useful to his country and honorable to himself. 
He died in Philadelphia, July 28ih, 1833, and was buried 
with all the honors of war. 



BIOGRAPHICAL EXCYCLOP.EDIA. 



t33 



ANEWAV; COLONEL HUGH H., Soldier, late 
of the 1st Regiment New Jersey Cavalry, was 
born, 1842, at Jersey City. When but nineteen 
years old he joined the 1st Regiment of Cavalry, 
the 1 6th of the New Jersey line in the war of the 
rebellion, as Lieutenant of Company L. This 
regia-.cnt was raised by Colonel Halsted, who was super- 
seded six months after it was formed by Colonel Sir Percy 
Wyndham, a gallant soldier of the British and Italian ar- 
mies. It formed one of the 1st Brigade of Cavaliy, and 
fought all through the war in the Army of the Potomac. 
During the winter of 1861-62 the regiment was employed 
in picket duty and scouting along the left of the line. In 
this duty Lieutenant Janeway, having at one time ridden in 
advance of his company, accompanied by a single orderly, 
was wounded by the enemy and left for dead. With great 
fortitude he rose and walked back to his command, and, 
though wounded in seven or eight places, was fit for duty 
again within a month. He was promoted to the rank of 
Captain, February glh, 1862. In April of the same year 
the regiment joined General McDowell's corps, and was 
actively engaged thereafter, being attached to the brigade 
of General George D. Bayard, and doing picket duty until 
May 25th, when, as it waS advancing' to the battle of Hano- 
ver Courthouse, it was ordered to the valley of Virginia to 
oppose Stonewall Jackson, and three days later encountered 
the enemy under General Ashby, near Slrasburg, and drove 
them off. The regiment, reaching Harrisonburg, sustained 
a defeat, and their colonel was captured by the enemy. 
Captain Janeway afterwards participated in the battle of 
Cedar Mountain, in August, 1862, and in the famous raid 
on Warrenton in October of that year, when sixteen hun- 
dred of the enemy were captured besides a large amount of 
stores. The winter of 1862-63 ^^^ passed near Brooks' 
Station, on the Acquia Railroad, and on the 27th of January, 
1863, Cajitain Janeway was promoted to the rank of Major. 
On the 13th of the following April the spring campaign 
opened, when Major Janeway was engaged for some time in 
command of scouting parties, and afterwards participated in 
the struggle at Brandy Station, wherein Colonel Wyndham 
■ — who had rejoined his command — was wounded, the 
lieutenant-colonel and senior major killed; so th.at upon 
Major Janeway devolved the command of the regiment. In 
June, 1863, General Lee advanced into Pennsylvania, and 
the cavalry corps started for Gettysburg on the 27th of that 
month. The 1st New Jersey Cavalry reached that cele- 
br.Ued battle-field, July 2d, on the second day of the con- 
test, and repulsed an attack made upon it. On the 3d, as 
the battle opened, the 1st Newjersey was advanced from the 
extreme rear to the very front, arriving just in time to see the 
rebel cavalry pouring upon our flank. Leaping from their 
horses, forming line as they touched the ground, and start- 
ing at once into a run in the very face of the enemy, they 
dashed at the nearest cover, where they prepared to check 
the progress of the entire force arrayed against Iheni. They 



did not only that, but drove hack the assailing columns. 
Sent forward as a forlorn hope, to give time for the rest of 
the division to come up with unblown horses, this little band 
of one hundred and fifty men, by their undaunted bearing 
and steady fire, staggeied the troops that by a single clinige 
could have ridden over them. Refusing to dismount in 
spite of the storm of bullets constantly whistling over our men. 
Major Janeway rode frmi end to end of his skirmishers, 
encouraging, warning and directing its every portion, show- 
ing here, as on many another field, a coolness and braveiy that 
made him a marked man among men. Advancing from point 
to point, heralding each charge by a cheer which shook the 
enemy worse than the bullets of their carbines, for more 
than a hundred yards the 1st Jersey pushed their little line, 
and at last, with ammunition exhausted, they still held their 
ground, facing the rebels with their revolvers. Then Jane 
way rode back to the reserve, and reported to Major Beau- 
mont the condition of his men, requesting ammunition and 
reinforcement. A regiment was ordered to their support, 
but failed to reach them. P'inally the 3d Pennsylvania ap- 
peared, when the 1st Jersey were at liberty to retire, but the 
latter would not, and actually borrowed ammunition from 
the Pennsylvanians, kept their boldly won position, and 
cheering till they were hoarse, defied the efforts of the 
enemy. On the 4th day of July, after a brief repose on the 
battle-field, they were in the saddle again, chasing the re- 
treating columns of the foe, continuing to have daily skir- 
mishes until the 14th of July, when their horses' feet again 
trod the " sacred soil of Virginia." From that time forward, 
and for the three following months, Major Janeway was al- 
ternately engaged in scouting and on picket duly. On Oc- 
tober I2th the battle of White Sulphur Springs occurred, in 
which the ist Jersey participated. Major Janeway had de- 
tached some of his command as skirmishers, and was left 
with only the second squadron as a reserve, when he re- 
ceived a message from Colonel Taylor, commanding the 
brigade, ordering him to fall back slowly, but the Major re- 
plied that " to fall back would expose our weakness and 
ensure our destruction by the overwhelming force of the 
enemy," and asked permission to hold his ground until 
dark, which being granted, he once more addressed him- 
self to the arduous task before him. It was indeed a diffi- 
cult work, and the hour one of great anxiety. He received 
word that the enemy were strengthening every minute, that 
many of his men had exhausted their ammunition, and that 
the next attack would surely force him back. Fortunately 
a reinforcement came np, when Janeway led Robbins' 
squadron into and through the woods, met the rebel charge, 
while those of his men who had expended their ammuni- 
tion were safely withdrawn. As the day waned the fighting 
orew fiercer, but the enemy could not dislodge the Jersey 
men. When night came they withdrew, when the rebels 
made an effort to occupy the wood ; l)nt the reserve which 
Janew.iy had persisted in retaining unbroken, in spite of 
evci7 apparent crisis, now justified Llie wisdom of his action. 



>34 



BIOGRAPHICAL E^'CYCLOP.^iDIA. 



Galled for hours by a fire which il had been unable to re- 
turn, it now opened upon the advancing enemy with such 
vindictive energy, as to force him back behind the cover, 
incapable of another movement to the front. For half an 
hour after the retreat the ground was left unoccupied by the 
enemy, and even then he advanced against the deserted po- 
sition with skirmishers deployed and a long line of battle 
formed. In an hour from that time the whole of Ewell's 
corps was camped upon the field of battle, having been de- 
tained by the 1st New Jersey until it was too late to close 
npon the flanks of the Union army. Major Janeway having 
made his report of the operations of his command, it was 
thus indorsed : " This report having been referred to me, I 
take great pleasure m bringing to your notice the gallantry 
of both officers and men of this command. The conduct of 
Major Hugh H. Janeway upon three several occasions was 
commendable in the highest degree, and reflected great 
credit upon himself and the regiment. John W. Kester, 
Lieutenant-Colonel commanding." Rejoining the brigade, 
the regiment proceeded to Fayetteville, where it encamped 
for the night, and subsequently, while on the inarch to 
Auburn, it had another brush with the enemy. While 
forming a part of the rear-guard of the army still in retreat 
before the enemy, M.ijor Janeway was directed to remain 
with his regiment, in order to hold a hill. Taking com- 
mand in pereon of the line of skirmishers, he strengthened 
it by seven companies of his own regiment, turning over the 
rest to Captain Gr.iy, and then proceeded to make the best 
disposition of the sixteen companies placed at his disposal. 
The rebels, however, made no assault, and the force was 
finally withdrawn. From that time forward until the close 
of November the regiment was employed only on picket 
duty. On the 27th of that month occurred a struggle in the 
Wilderness, in which Major Janeway participated, and he 
was favorably noticed in the oflicial report. During the 
■winter of 1S63-64 the regiment was engaged in picket duty, 
scouting, and occasionally picking up a few guerillas. On 
the 4th of May, 1S64, the regiment crossed the Rapidan, 
and was for several days engaged in a series of battles with 
the enemy in the Wilderness, in which the rebels were 



that month, while on picket duty, the regiment charged 
Butler's South Carolina Brigade, and captured Captain But- 
ler, brother of General Butler, of the rebel army. During 
the operations of the first three days of Oclober, in which 
the enemy were repulsed, Janeway was present in an en- 
gagement where the heaviest firing of the war occurred, 
and subsequently assaulted the enemy, inflicting upon him 
a terrible loss. At this time he was only twenty-two years 
of age, and the Colonelcy being vacant, he was appointed to 
it October iilh, 1864, at the written request of every officer 
of the regiment. Early in December, 1S64, it was found 
that the enemy were receiving large supplies by the way of 
the Weldon Railroad, and the 3d Division of the 2d Coips, 
together with Gregg's Cavalry, were detailed to operate upon 
and destroy the railroad as far as Hicksford. Colonel Jane- 
way, in his report to Governor Parker, stated that his com- 
mand, though not actually eng.agcd in the struggle at Stony 
Creek Station, yet did the enemy much damage by destroy 
ing large quantities of railroad iron and burning the rebel 
workshops. On the 9th of December Colonel Janeway 
near Hicksford dismounted his command and formed a 
heavy skirmish line on the edge of the woods, near which a 
large body of the enemy were known to be, and then, 
with a cheer, dashed upon the rifle-pits in front, and speed- 
ily drove the enemy in disorder, occupying their position. 
In his report he remarks : " During the whole period of my 
service with the regiment I have never seen officers or men 
display greater gallantry oi" more soldierly endurance of 
hardships." The brave troopers held the pits for three 
hours, suffering terribly from cold and exposed to a heavy 
rain, which froze as it fell. Meanwhile the railroad in that 
neighborhood was being destroyed, and the object of ihe 
expedition being accomplished, the forces were withdrawn. 
For three months thereafter the regiment was in winter quar- 
ters near Petersburg, and on the 2gth of March, 1S65, it 
broke camp and started on the final campaign. Colonel 
Janeway held the Flatfoot road on that night with his regi- 
ment. The next day nothing was done, but on the 3151, 
from information received from a captured infantry picket, 
it was found that the rebel Generals Pickett and Bushrod 



worsted ; and from the 9th of the same month until the 25th Johnson were in front. Colonel Janeway immediately 



was with Sheridan in his raid towards Richmond. Major 
Janeway also did noble service in the manoeuvres which re- 
sulted in turning Lee's right, and had a narrow escape from 
being wounded, the ball merely reddening the skin of his 
forehead. He was promoted, July 6th, 1864, to the rank 
of Lieutenant-Colonel, and afterwards took up the line of 
march for the north bank of the James river to aid in the 
operations around Petersburg. On August 12th, during a 
skirmish, he was wounded, having lost a finger while usin" 
a pocket-handkerchief. On September 1st, 1864, the period 
of original enlistment of the 1st New Jersey expired, but the 
regiment was still left as an organization in the field, its 
honors being duly inherited by hundreds of re-enlisted men 
and supported by its numerous recruits. At the close of 



strengthened and extended his picket lines, and ordered 
Major Robbins to make a reconnoissance on the left, to ascer- 
tain if the rebels were moving around in that direction. 
Shortly after an engagement commenced, in which the 
enemy were repulsed and their general (Ransom) fell ; but 
as they were largely reinforced. Colonel Janeway deemed it 
prudent to retire. On April 1st and 2d the regiment re- 
mained in camp at Dinwiddie Courthouse, and on the 3d 
pushed on to Wilson's plantation, having crossed the South- 
side Railroad, where they encamped, and on the 4lh 
marched to Jetersville, which they reached on that after- 
noon and where they expected to find the enemy. Having 
bivouacked for the night, on the following day they pushed 
on after Lee, who was then on the retreat from Richmond, and 



BIOGRAPHICAL EXCYCLOP.EDIA. 



•35 



reached Paines Cross Roads, where they came up with the 
advance guard of the rebel army, which General Davies 
captured. The latter officer then detailed Colonel Janeway 
to hold a certam road until the captured enemy, property, 
etc., were properly disposed of, which he did, and this hav- 
ing been effected, the regiment marched to Painesville, 
where it halted for one half-hour. In the meantime the 
enemy appeared in immense numbers, and made several 
charges, which were repulsed ; but finally they were obliged 
to give way before a superior force of the foe, when they 
fell back, and were finally relieved by the 2d Brigade. Re- 
tiring to a point near Amelia Springs, they rested until 2 
P. M., when General Davies ordered Colonel Janeway to 
support two other regiments in a charge. These regiments 
were repulsed and driven back. Colonel Janeway imme- 
diately ordered a charge, and seized the colors of his regi- 
ment, and W.15 in ihe act of carrying them forward, when a 
bullet entered his brain and he died instantly. This fatal 
event cast a gloom over the whole regiment. Major Rob- 
bins, in his report, says : "His superior we never knew ; a 
brave, skilful officer, a courteous gentleman, a true, earnest 
patriot — qualities which endeared him to every officer and 
man of the regiment." Thus fell Colonel Janeway, at the 
early age of twenty-three years, April 5th, 1865. 



/ " 

I ARKER, HON. JOEL, of Freehold, Lawyer, Sol 
dier and e,>; Governor of New Jersey, was born, 
November 24th, 1816, in Monmouth county, in 
'9 the immediate neighborhood of the old battle 
(^ ground, and is a son of Charles Jarker, one of ih" 
leading men of the State, who filled many responsible pub- 
lic positions ol trust and emolument. Both his father and 
mother were also natives of Monimulh county. His mater- 
nal grandfather, at the very coiniiienceinent of th.; revolu- 
tionary contest, entered the army as a private, an 1 continued 
therein until the close of the war, either in the ranks, or as a 
company officer, distinguishing himself in many battles. 
His father served a term as sheriff of Monmouth county, 
and was subsequently elected to the Assembly for five suc- 
cessive years. During his fifth term he was chosen State 
treasurer by the Democrats on joint ballot of the two 
branches of the Legislature, and held this position for six- 
teen successive years, under different administrations of 
various parties, being thus retained solely on account of his 
gre.at financial ability and the faithful discharge of his- du- 
ties When he was first elected treasurer, in 1S21, he re- 
moved to Trenton, where his son Joel w.is educated, not 
only in the formal routine of the best schools of that city, 
but in the more essential branch, practical experience in his 
f.ither's office. He there received his fiist lessons of politi- 
cal economy and State wisdom, and from a master than 
whom the State has never known a better. At that time 



the State library was under the care and jurisdiction of the 
treasurer, and to this Joel not only had access, but also for 
a considerable period had it in charge. After his father 
retired from the treasury, he purchased a farm in his na'ive 
county, with the intention of removing thither to spend the 
balance of his days; but being elected to the presidency of 
the Mechanics' and Manufacturers' Bank, of Trenton, and 
urged to accept that important trust, he consented ; and ac- 
cordingly sent his son Joel to Monmouth, to manage the 
farm, which he did for two or three years, and much to the 
advantage of his physical development. He next entered 
Princeton College, and after the usual course of study 
graduated with honor in the class of 1S39. Selecting the 
profession of the law he entered the office of Hon. Henry 
W. Green, afterwards chief-justice and chancellor of the 
State, where he pursued his studies in that direction. He 
was admitted to the bar in 1S42, and commenced the prac- 
tice of his profession at Freehold, in his native county, dur- 
ing the same year, where he has ever since continued to 
redde. In 1844 he first took an active part in political 
matters, and attracted much attention as a public speaker in 
the interests of the then Democratic party. In 1S47 ^^ ^'■'^^ 
elected to the Assembly from Monmouth county, as then 
constituted. In the House, being the only lawyer on the 
Democratic side, he became the decided leader in his party, 
especially on all questions having a legal bearing. Among 
the first bills which he offered was one to equalize taxation, 
by taxing personal as well as real properly. The Whigs 
were in the m.ajoiily, but they did not want to place them- 
selves on record against the bill, nor did they wish to favor 
it. It was a firebrand in their midst, that seriously threat- 
ened disruption. The former members of both parties fol- 
lowed the lead of Representative Parker. Finally the mat- 
ter was laid over, and the publication of the bill with its 
author's speech was ordered in all the papers in the Stale 
— a distinguished compliment to the young member. The 
natural result was to give him a State reputation, which, 
together with the merits of the measure, redounded to his 
credit, and perhaps contributed to the election of Governor 
Fort in 1850, besides the final passage of the measure, 
which remains on the statute-book at this day. At the close 
of the session he opposed the usual appropriation for " Inci- 
dentals," and being defeated, he declined to take his ratio; 
consequently that amount still remains in the treasuiy. He 
declined being a candidate in 1851, as his practice was so 
rapidly increasing as to demand all his care and attention. 
Soon after this he was appointed Prosecutor of the Pleas for 
Monmouth county, and served the usual term of five years; 
and this position brought him in contact with some of the 
highest and bri^'htest practitioners of the State. In i860 he 
was chosen a United States Elector by 5,000 majority, and 
was one of the three northern electors who cast their votes 
for the Hon. Stephen A. Douglas for the Presidency. For 
severni venrs ]irior to the late civil war he had been Briga- 
dier General of the Monmouth and Ocean Brigade, and 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA. 



taken an interest in military matters. In 1861 Governor 
Olden, although a Republican, nominated him to the Senate 
as Major-General of the five counties of Monmouth, Ocean, 
Mercer, Union and Middlesex, with a view to promote vol- 
unteering and to organize the forces. He was unanmiously 
confirmed by the Senate, and the result shows that the con- 
fidence thus reposed in him, although a member of the 
Democratic parly, was not over-estimated; his district 
promptly forwarded several regiments to the field, many of 
them being his old militia followers. In 1862 his county 
presented him as their candidate for Governor. But other 
counties and districts placed their favorites in the field, and 
not enough votes could be counted for either one. Finally 
all agreed on Joel Parker, who was unanimously nominated 
and elected over Hon. Marcus L. Ward by 14,600 majority, 
being three times as great as any majority ever received by 
any candidate since the ofiice became elective. He was in- 
augurated for his term of three years in January, 1863, and 
•will be remembered in all lime to come as New Jersey's 
"War Governor." His administration of the office was 
distinguished for its financial policy and efficiency in pro- 
moting and aiding the general government in the suppres- 
sion of the-rebellion and in keeping up, by personal exer- 
tion, the system of volunteering for one year, after all other 
States were drafting. When he took charge of the State 
government, the civil account had been for years largely 
in arrears, but by his checks on extravagance this was not 
only entirely obliterated, but at the end of his term there 
was a large surplus in the treasury. In the despatching of 
troops he was second to none in the country, and for his 
soUcitude for the welfare of all who went into the field he 
received and merited much public commendation as well as 
private appreciation. When Pennsylvania was invaded by 
the rebels he threw into that State regiment after regiment, 
and that, too, before the Pennsylvanians themselves realized 
their danger. After the close of his term as Governor he 
remained at home engaged in his legal business, wholly re- 
fusing to become a candidate for any office. In 1868 his 
State delegation in the National Democratic Convention in 
New York cast the full vote of New Jersey on every liallot 
fur him as President. He was again solicited in 187 1 to 
become a candidate for Governor, and yielded to the wishes 
of his friends. In the fall of that year he was a second 
time elected, and served with approbation for the full term 
of his office. He manifested a deep interest in the success 
of the International Exhibition, at Philadelphia, in com 
memoration of the Centennial of American independence, 
and favored the subscription of S 100,000, which New Jer- 
sey made to that object. Personally he is of a commanding 
appearance, over six feet in height, has an open, ingenuous 
countenance, and a well balanced head. He mingles freely 
with his fellow-citizens of all classes without distinction, .and 
never refuses to befriend the most humble. The middle 
classes love him for his benevolence, and those more favored 
for his fine intellect, great executive ability, and, above all, 



his unimpeachable honesty. He was married in 1843 to 
Maria M., eldest daughter of Samuel R. Gummere, of Bur- 
lington, New Jersey. 



ALL, WILLIAM, President of the Middlesex 
County Bank, of Perth Amboy, was born, March 
loth, 1816, in Somerset county. New Jersey, ind 
is the son of Isaac and Elizabeth (Strimple) Hall. 
His father followed agricultural pursuits upon a 
farm which had been purchased by his ancestors 
direct from William Penn, whose name is signed to the 
original deed of conveyance. His mother was a native of 
Wyoming, Pennsylvania, and a daughter of Christopher 
Strimple, a soldier of the Revolution, also of that place. 
Young Hall was educated in the district schools of Somei-set 
county, which he attended until he was sixteen years of age, 
when he began to learn the trade of carnage-trimming 
in Newark, remaining there until he was twenty-three years 
old. He then commenced the manufacturing of carriages at 
Milford, where he continued for several years, and then re- 
moved to Greenville, in Sussex county, where he engaged 
in general merchandising. After a sojourn there for two 
years he transferred his business to Perth Amboy, which oc- 
cupied his attention for almut twenty-one years, and until 
the incorporation, in January, 1873, of the Middlesex 
County Bank, of which institution he was elected Presi- 
dent, and has since continued to hold that position. He 
has also been the President and Treasurer of the Perth Am- 
boy Gaslight Company since us organization in 1871. Of 
the Middlesex County Land Company he is the Vice-Presi- 
dent, and of the Perth Amboy Savings Institution, incorpo- 
rated in April, 1869, the Treasurer. He has also been a 
member of the City Council at various times. He was mar- 
ried in 1842 to Charlotte Clarlc) of Connecticut. 



ARD, JOHN W., A. ^L, M. D., Physician, and 
Superintendent of the State Lunatic Asylum, at 
Trenton, New Jersey, was born, Februaiy 12th', 
1840, m the city of Salem in that State, and is a 
son of Samuel and Esther (Griffiths) Ward. He 
received a first-class education at Fairfield, Herki- 
mer county. Slate of New Yoik, where he pursued a thor- 
ough and entire collegiate course, lasting from 1854 to 
1862. Returning to New Jersey, he engaged in teaching 
at Harrisonville, near Salem, which avocation he followed 
for several months, and during this period decided to adopt 
a professional life. Adopting that of medicine, he entered 
the ofiice of Dr. John Kirby, an old and successful practi- 
tioner of Salem, and commenced his studies there m the 
autumn of 1S63, at the same time matriculating at the Uni- 
vCTsity of Pennsylvania, from which institution he graduated 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.€DIA. 



«37 



in the spring of lS65, having attended an extra course be- 
yond the number usually required. After practising his 
profession for about a year he was appointed, May 14th, 
' 1867, as Second Assistant Physician at the New Jersey 
State Lunatic Asylum, Trenton, which was then under the 
charge of Dr. H. A. Buttolph. He filled that position with 
great acceptation for a period of five years, when he was 
promoted to be First Assistant Physician of the same insti- 
tution. After acting in that capacity for a term of four 
years he was appointed, on April 1st, 1876, as Physician in 
Charge and Superintendent of the asylum, succeeding Dr. 
Buttolph, who had been transferred to the new State 
asylum, at Morristown. Though he has been but a few 
months in charge, his management has given every proof 
of his .ability in all respects, and great success has so far 
attended his efforts. He has, during his nine years' con- 
nection with the in.stitution, devoted his whole time to the 
thorough study of insanity in all its phases, and has at the 
same time kept pace with all the literature which has ap- 
peared bearing on that disease. His views on the treatment 
of insanity are those of all of the humane and most ad- 
vanced authorities on the subject. The institution over 
which he presides is a model of order and cleanliness in all 
its departments, and every effort is constantly being made 
to alleviate and improve the sufferings and mental condition 
of the inmates. The asylum contains nearly 500 patients. 
Dr. Ward was married, March 5th, 1S73, to Horacana B., 
daughter of the late Caleb Sager, who for many years was 
the able and thoroughly efficient steward of the asylum. 



ITHERSPOON, REV. JOHN, D. D., LL. D.. 
Clergyman, Patriot and President of the College 
of New Jersey, was born, February 5th, 1722, in 
the parish of Yester, near Edinburgh, Hadding- 
tonshire, .Scotland, and was the son of the min- 
ister of that parish. On the maternal side he was 
a lineal descendant of the celeljrated reformer John Knox. 
When fourteen years of age he entered the University of 
Edinburgh, as a student, where he remained until nearly 
twenty-one, when he was licensed to preach the gospel. In 
the year 1745 he was ordained and settled as minister of 
the parish of Beith, in the western part of Scotland. He 
was present at the battle of Falkirk, as a spectator, January 
I7lh, 1746, and was taken a prisoner, although he was sub- 
sequently released after being in confinement for two weeks, 
during which time his health received permanent injury. 
In 1753 li^ published, anonymously, "Ecclesiastical Char- 
acteristics," or the "Arcana of Church Policy," followed a 
few years later by "A Serious Apology for the Character- 
istics," in which he avowed himself the author of the work 
he defended. In 1756 he published the " Essay on Justifi- 
cation," and in the following year his "Serious Inquiry into 
the Nature and Effects of the Stage," called forth by the 
IS 



appearance of Home's tragedy of "Douglas." In 1757 he 
was installed as pastor of the Low Church in Paisley, where 
he lived in high reputation and in great usefulness, although 
some opposition was raised by the presbytery of that town 
on account of their dislike to the " Characteristics." So ex- 
tensively was he, at this time, known that he was invited 
to take the charge of different congregations in Dublin, 
Dundee and Rotterdam. In 1764 he went to London, 
where he published three volumes of" Essays on Important 
Subjects." In 1766 President Finley, of Princeton College, 
died, and the Rev. Dr. Witherspoon was chosen his suc- 
cessor. At first he declined the appointment, but afterwards 
accepted the same. He arrived, with his family, in Prince- 
ton in the month of August, 1768, and shortly after was 
duly inaugurated. This college had been already presided 
over by Dickinson, Burr, Edwards, Davies and Finley, all 
of them men distinguished for their genius, learning and 
piety. Dr. Witherspoon, by his name, brought a great ac- 
cession of students to the college, thus considerably raising 
the reputation of the college. He was also instrumental in 
obtaining a large increase in its funds, which he raised by 
subscription. He also accepted the position of Professor 
of Divinity, in addition to his other duties, and w.as like- 
wise pastor of the church in Princeton during the whole 
period of his presidency. But the war of the Americait 
Revolution prostrated everything. While the academical 
shades were deserted, and his functions as President were sus- 
pended, he was introduced into a new field of labor. When 
he landed on the shores of the new world he became at once 
an American, as if to the manor born. The citizens of New 
Jersey, who were cognizant of his distinguished abilities, ap- 
pointed him a member of the Provincial Congress, of New 
Jersey, which framed the constitution of that .State; and in 
that body he appeared as profound a civilian as he had 
before been known as a philosopher and divine. From the 
revolutionary committees and conventions of the State he 
was sent, early in 1776, as a representative to the Conti- 
nental Congress. On May 17th of that year, the day ap- 
pointed liy the Congress to be observed as a fast, with 
reference to the peculiar circumstances of the country, he 
preached a sermon entitled " The Dominion of Providence 
over the Passions of Men," which entered fully into the 
great political questions of the day. He was for the space 
of seven years a member of that great patriotic, illustrious 
body — the governing power of the colonies, the Continental 
Congress — during which period he drew up many of the 
important State papers of the period. In far-reaching in- 
sight into the future, it can safely be said that he had not 
his superior in that liody. He was always collected, finn 
and wise, amidst the embarrassing circumstances in which 
Congress was placed. He was one of the glorious fifty-six 
whose signatures were appended to the declaration that all 
men are created free and equal, and the only clergyman 
who signed that immortal document. His signature is also 
afiixcd to the Articles of Confederation, adopted by the 



138 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 



States at the dose of the contest. But while he was thus 
engaged in political affairs, he did not lay aside his min- 
istry. He gladly embraced every opportunity for preaching, 
and his character as a minister of the gospel he ever con- 
sidered as the liighest honor. As soon as the state of the 
country would permit the college was re-established, and 
its instruction was recommenced under the immediate care 
of the Vice-President, Dr. Smith ; but during the war the 
institution had suffered greatly, and the trustees earnestly 
solicited Dr. Witherspoon to cross the ocean and endeavor 
to enlist sympathy in its behalf. He accepted the trust 
confided in him, and returned to Great Britain. His mis- 
sion thither was not only an utter failure, but he found 
himself placed in circumstances of the most painful embar- 
rassment. On his return to America he entered into that 
retirement which was dear to him, and his attention was 
principally confined to the duties of his office, as President, 
and as a minister of the gospel. During the latter part of 
his life he suffered not a little in consequence of having 
ventured upon some imprudent speculations in Vermont 
lands. He resided for several year, prior to his death, on 
his farm, near Princeton, and for the last two years of his 
life was entirely blind. But during this darkened period 
he was frequently led to the pulpit, whence he delivered 
his sermons with his accustomed ease, and always acquitted 
himself with his usual accuracy and animation. He, how- 
ever, became more and more feeble, and sank to rest under 
the pressure of his infirmities. He possessed a mass of in- 
formation, well selected and thoroughly digested. Scarcely 
any man of the age had a more vigorous mind or a more 
sound understanding. As President of the college he ren- 
dered literary inquiries more liberal, extensive and pro- 
found ; and was the means of introducing .an important 
revolution in the system of education. He extended the 
study of mathematical science, and it is believed he was the 
first man who taught in America the substance of those 
doctrines of the philosophy of the mind which Dr. Reid 
afterwards developed with so much success. He was very 
distinguished as a preacher. Although he wrote his ser- 
mons, and afterwards committed them to memory, yet, as 
he was governed by the desire of doing good, and wished 
to bring his discourses to the level of every understanding, 
he was not confined, when addressing his hearers, withm 
the boundaries of what he had written. Although a very 
serious writer, he possessed a fund of lefined humor and 
delicate satire. In his ecclesiastical characteristics his wit 
w.as directed at certain corruptions in principle and practice 
prevalent in the Church of Scotland, and it was keen and 
cutting. He formed a union of those who accorded with 
hnn, and became their leader. His reputation, lenrnnig 
and solid judgment were deservedly high. His influence 
upon the interests of literature was greatly beneficial, and 
his talents as a professor were of the most popular kind. 
He died at his farm, near Princeton, .September 15th, 1794, 
in the seventy third year of his age. This brief record 



of his life seems called for, as in the Centennial year of 
the nation which he aided in establishing, a fitting memo- 
rial of the patriotic clergyman, cast in enduring bronze, 
was erected and inaugurated October 20lh, 1876, in Fair- 
mount park, Philadelphia, by the Presbyterians of the United 
States, with grand civic and religious cerenjonies befitting 
the occasion. The statue is of heroic size, and is a faithful 
embodiment of the features of the beloved President of 
Nassau Hall and signer of the Declaration of Independence. 



* 



m 



OGERS, RICHARD R., M. D., Physician, of 
Trenton, was born, September 15th, 1823, in 
West Windsor township, Mercer county. New 
Jersey, and is a son of Ezekiel and Mary (Run- 
y.an) Rogers. He was reared on his father's 
farm, until he attained his majority, meanwhile 
acquiring as much education as he could obtain by attend- 
ing the district school during the winter months, p'ur 
several years after attaining his ni.ajority he was engaged in 
a general country store ; and during this period was aNo 
School Superintendent of the township and a Justice of the 
Peace. In 1852 he was elected Surrogate of Mercer County 
for a term of five years, and in 1857 re-elected to the same 
office. During his latter term as Surrogate he pursued the 
study of medicine, and after attending the usual number of 
courses of lectures graduated from the University of Penn- 
sylvania in the spring of 15562. He then was appointed, by 
President Lincoln, the Examining Surgeon for the Second 
Congressional District of New Jersey, and filled the duties 
of that oftice until the close of the war. He also entered 
upon the practice of his profession in Trenton, immediately 
after receiving his diploma as doctor of medicine, and has 
since resided there, meeting with considerable success. In 
1872 he was elected by the Republican party to the Legis- 
lature, where he served one term. At present (1876) he is 
a member of the City Council. of Trenton. He is a member 
of the Mercer County District Medical Society, and has 
also on various occasions been a delegate to the Stale 
Medical Society. He was married, in 1S44, to Mary A. 
Hutchinson, of Mercer county. 



I HITNEY, REV. GEORGE HENRY, D. D., 
Clergyman, Teacher, Author and President of the 
Centenary Collegiate Institute of the Newark 
Ctmference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 
at Hackettstown, was born, July 30th, 1830, in 
the city of Georgetown, District of Columbia, 
and is a son of William Whitney, a native of Connecticut. 
The family are of both French and English descent, and 
were among the early settlers of Connecticut; many of 



BIOGRArillCAL ENCVCLOP.-EDIA. 



"39 



them having left their names and impress as among the 
benefactors of mankind ; and notably so was Eli Whitney, 
the inventor of the celebrated cotton gin. While yet in his 
infancy his father removed to the city of Washington, where 
yoting Whitney obtained his rudimentary education. After 
leaving school he became a book-keeper in a large estab- 
lishment; and subsequently, when only seventeen years of 
age, was the city editor of the Daily Nalional IVhig. Two 
years later he removed to Irvington, New Jersey, where he 
taught a select school for two years. On attaining his ma- 
jority he became one of the teachers of the Wesleyan Insti- 
tute, at Newark, where he was thus occupied for three 
years. On terminating his connection with that institution 
he entered the Wesleyan University, at Middletown, Con- 
necticut, where he graduated with the class of 1858. 
Among his classmates were H. P. Shepard, Professor in 
the Albert University, of Canada; Nathaniel Fellows, Prin- 
cipal of Wilbraham Academy, Massachusetts, and Daniel 
C. Knowles, Principal of Pennington Seminary, New 
Jersey. Soon after gradu.ating he was chosen Principal of 
Macedon Seminary, at Macedon Centre, State of New 
York; and from 1859 to 1861 occupied the same position 
at Oneida Seminary, Madison county. New York. In 1861 
he joined the Newark Conference of the Methodist Episco- 
pal Church, and was stationed the first year at Somerville, 
removing thence to Elizabeth, where he sojourned two 
years, and was transferred to Newton, where he passed 
three years. Two years were devoted to Plaintield, and 
two years to the pastorate of Trinity Church, Jersey City. 
He next was appointed to Passaic, where he ministered for 
three years, and during his incumbency he was the means 
of having a fine stone church building erected, at a cost of 
jSSo.ooo. A short time previous to laying the corner-stone 
of the Centenary Collegiate Institute, which took place 
September 9th, 1S69, he was elected its President. He 
superintended the construction of the buildings, and during 
its erection performed pastoral duty, preaching educational 
sermons and soliciting aid for the completion of the build- 
ings, etc. The institute was finished and dedicated, Sep- 
tember 9th, 1S74, and he at once entered upon his duties as 
President of the educational department. The institution 
opened with large classes, and the attendance has been to 
the fullest capacity of the edifice ever since. It is designed 
to afford the amplest facilities for both sexes to receive a 
superior education; and to prepare young men for the 
higher classes in college or in the theological seminary. 
The department for ladies is a regularly chartered college, 
empowered to confer degrees upon those who complete the 
prescribed course of study. The edifice, which cost about 
$200,000, is an elegant and substantial one; and, in taste 
and adaptation to its purpose, is one of the most admirable 
structures of the kind in the Union, and, in every respect, 
impresses the most scrutinizing visitor with the forethought 
displayed in its construction and the ability of its present 
management. No detail that adds to the care, comfort or 



safety of the students seems to have been omitted. The lo- 
cation, overlooking the village of Hackettstown and its 
lieautiful surroundings, is exceedingly attractive. In ad- 
dition to his other labors Dr. Whitney has written several 
works, among which may be mentioned "A Bible Geo- 
graphy," the result of years of patient investigation, and 
which has reached a very large sale. Another wuik is 
entitled "Commentary on InternationaJ Sunday school Les- 
sons;" and he has also contributed Largely to various 
magazines and periodicals. He is at the present time 
( 1S76) engaged on a work to be known as "Old Testament 
Archaeology." It is intended to be one of fifteen volumes, 
and to be published by the Methodist Book Concern, the 
whole set being entitled " The Theological Library." Since 
he has been located at this institution. Dr. Whitney has 
been called to some of the oldest leading institutions of 
learning in the country; but he has chosen to remain at 
Hackettstown, to continue the work so auspiciously com- 
menced and successfully carried on. lie was married, 
November 17th, 1858, to Carrie A. Shepard, of Northern 
New York, who died, December 19th, 1865. After a 
widowerhood of two years he was again married, Decem- 
ber 24th, 1S67, to Nettie, daughter of P. M. French, of 
Plainfield, New Jersey. 



HARD, TIMOTHY, late of Tiickerton, Manu- 
facturer and Merchant, was born, October 30th, 
1792, at West Creek, Monmouth (now. Ocean) 
county, and was the son of Timothy and Hannah 
Pharo. He was a grandson of James Pharo, who 
emigrated from England during the latter part 
of the seventeenth century, and located first in Springfield, 
Burlington county, but subsequently settled at West Creek. 
Young Timothy was engaged in agricultural pursuits, having 
inherited the property which he cultivated, but was required 
to pay certain legacies, entailed on the property, and this to 
so considerable an amount as to reduce his original patri- 
mony to a very moderate sum. While he carried on the 
farm he also engaged in mercantile and other business, 
among which, and the most lucrative, was the manufacture 
of castor oil, his own farm supplying much of the raw 
material. In 1824 his multifarious engagements induced 
him to abandon his farm and devote his time more, exclu- 
sively to the former. For a period of over forty years he 
gave an unceasing, indefatigable energy and attention to 
the prosecution of various private enterprises .and business 
operations, which resulted in the accumulation of a moder- 
ate fortune. He seemed to be possessed with such a dis- 
criminating judgment, united to a remarkable energy of 
will, as to have rendered him peculiarly successful in all 
his undertakings. His business was always extensive and 
varied. Assisted by his sons, he operated a grist-mill, saw- 
mill, general store, ship-building — sometimes having several 



140 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENXYCL0P.4LDIA. 



in prog 



less at the same time — and was also engaged in the 
wood, coal and lumber trade, thus furnishing employment 
to a large number of hands. He was a member of the 
Society of Friends, and belonged to Little Egg Harbor 
Monthly Meeting. He was a man of honor and strict in- 
teo^rily, truthful and prompt in his dealings, conscientious 
in the performance of his duties, firm in his attachments, 
kind to his neighbors, generous to the needy, affable and 
social in his intercourse ; an affectionate husband, a loving 
and indulgent parent, a public benefactor, a plain unassum- 
ing man. He was married, February iSth, 1812, to Han- 
nah, daughter of James Willits, he being then but a little 
over nineteen years of age. He died at Tuckerton, August 
14th, 1854, leaving a widow and five children, three sons 
and two daughters. 



lILSON, BLAKELY, late of Jersey City, Bank 
President, was born, December 12th, 1815, in 
the city of Nevi' York, where also lie received his 
education. When thirteen years of age he was 
placed in a banker's and broker's office in Wall 
street. New York, and rose fron -e station to 
another until he becaine thoroughly conver with all the 
details of financial business. He remained in connection 
with the various operations carried on in that celebrated 
locality for a period of thirty-five years, when he was elected 
to the Presidency of the Second National Bank, of Jersey 
City, which position he ably filled for eleven years. During 
this period he was also a director in several important in- 
surance companies. In political feeling he was a Republi- 
can. During his residence in New York he was Second 
Lieutenant of a military organization. He was married, in 
1844, to Sophia Newkirk. He died, Februaiy 13th, 1876, 
on the river Nile, in Egypt. 



/ 



<'UCKER, HON. EBENEZER, Soldier, late of 
Tuckerton, was born, November 15th, 1757, in 
the State of New Y'ork, and was a son of Reuben 
Tucker. When he was about eight years old his 
father removed to the Province of East Jersey, 
where he purchased the whole of the island 
called Tucker's Beach, extending from Little Egg Harbor 
to Brigantine Inlet, ten miles in length, also a plantation 
near Tuckerton. In 1778 Ebenezer located himself in the 
settlement called " the middle of the shore," near Andrews' 
mill, then owned by the Shourds family. During the war 
of the Revolution he was in the Continental army, and 
served under General Washington, participating in the 
battle of Long Island and in other engagements ; and also 
held several important trusts during that eventful period. 
At the close of the war he purchased the farm of John and 



Joseph Gaunt, on which the main portion of Tuckerton is 
now built. He soon laid out the tract into building-lots, 
and erected houses. He also entered largely into the mer- 
cantile and shipping business, importing his groceries direct 
from the West Indies, in exchange for lumber. In 1786 
the people of the village and vicinity met, and resolved that 
the village should be called Tuckerton. He was the first 
Postmaster of this new town ; and when the District of 
Little Egg Harbor was created, which includes Tucker- 
ton, he was chosen the first Collector of the Customs for the 
same. He subsequently was made Judge of the Court of 
Burlington County, and occupied that position for several 
years. In 1824 he was elected a member of the Nineteenth 
Congress of the United States, and was re-elected in 1S26, 
thus serving in the House of Representatives during the en- 
tire period of President John Quincy Adams' administration. 
He died at Tuckerton, September 5th, 1845, having nearly 
completed his eighty-eighth year. 



HITELY, ROBERT J., M. D., Physician, of Pater- 
son, New Jersey, was born, January l6lh, 1S25, 
in that city, and is a son of Henry and Elizabeth 
(Van Riper) Whitely. His father was a native 
of the north of Ireland, who emigrated to the 
United States and settled in Paterson, among the 
oldest inhabitants of that town, where he was for many 
years engaged in mercantile pursuits. His mother was a 
native of Paterson, descended from the early Dutch settlers, 
who came to eastern Jersey about the year 16S0. Young 
Whitely received a fair education in the schools of his 
native town, which was completed at Rutgers College, New 
Brunswick. Having determined upon a professional life, 
he selected the science of medicine, and in 1S43 entered 
the office of Dr. William Magee, of Paterson, whom he had 
chosen as his preceptor, and with whom he pursued his 
studies for four years. During this interval he matriculated 
at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, of New York 
city, where he attended upon three separate courses of lec- 
tures, and graduated from that institution in the spring of 
1846. He at once commenced the practice of his profession 
in his native place, and was favorably received by his 
townsmen. In February, 1849, he was prevailed upon to 
accompany a party to California, as Iheir medical adviser. 
They sailed from New York in that month, and took the 
long and circuitous route, rounding Cape Horn, and finally 
reached their destination. During the winter of 1849-50 
Dr. Whitely was successfully engaged in professional pur- 
suits in San Francisco, and the remainder of the time he 
passed in the practice of his profession in the mining dis- 
tricts of Eldorado and Placer counties. In the spring of 
1853 he bade farewell to the Golden State, and turned his 
face eastward, returning to the Atlantic States by the Pan- 
ama route, and reached Paterson in May; 1853. He at 



BIOGRAPHICAL EXCYCLOP.EDIA. 



141 



once resumed his practice after over four years absence, and 
soon found liimself actively and successfully engaged in his 
professional labors, which he continued until the summer 
of 1S6S, when he sailed for Europe. He was absent from 
home about four months, and during that lime visited, 
among other objects, the various hospitals of Great Britain 
and Ireland. He also made the tour of Europe in 1870, 
and was absent from this country some seven months, re- 
suming his practice after his return. He is among the 
oldest medical practitioners of Paterson, enjoying the confi 
dence, esteem and respect of his professional brethren, as 
well as of the community at large. He has been connected 
with the Passaic County Medical Society since 1847, during 
which time he has served twice as President of that body. 
He has been since its organization and is at present con- 
nected with the medical staff of the Ladies' Hospital, at 
Paterson ; and is also a Director in the Second National 
Bank of Paterson, having been identified with that institu- 
tion since iS6g. 



ARCV, ALEXANDER, M. D., Physician, of 
Camden, was born in Cape May county. New 
Jersey, April i6th, 1S38. His parents were 
Samuel S. Marcy, M. D., an old physician of 
Cape May county, and Thankful (Edmunds) 
Marcy; the former was a native of Connecticut, 
who settled in Cape May county in 1817, and practised 
medicine from that tmie up to the last year or two. Alex- 
ander Marcy entered Amherst College in 1855, and left a 
junior. He began to study medicine with his father in 
1859, and at the same time matriculated at the University 
of Pennsylvania, from whicli he was graduated in 1861. 
He at once located for practice m Camden, New Jersey, 
and has continued to prosecute his profession in that city to 
the present time, with steady and increasing success. De- 
voted to his profession, he seeks to promote its interests, 
and has always been an active member of the Camden 
Medical Society, of which he was chosen President for the 
year 1876. He was married in 1S61 to Hannah Mecray, 
of Cape May, New Jersey. 



/ 



(EDDIE, HON. THOMAS B., of Newark, Manu- 
facturer, Merchant, and Member of Congress 
from the Sixth District of New Jersey, is a native 
of Scotland, as were also his parents, who pos- 
sessed a moderate independence. He was edu- 
cated in his native country, and was an earnest 
reader, especially of the literature of the day. The glowing 
accounts of the great western repidilic which from time to 
time met his eye, inspired him with a wish to view the land 
so happily described, and he determined to cross the Atlan- 
tic and ascertain if such unbounded prosperity existed in the 



new world. It was in 1S33 that he landed in .\inerica, and 
among other towns that he visited was the present city of 
Newark, then little more than a large village. The situa- 
tion pleased him so much that he soon determined it should 
be his future home. At that period it was a town of some 
manufacturing importance, and he at once selected an avo- 
cation which he believed was best calculc.ted for advance- 
ment. Entering the factory of Smith & Wright, saddlers, 
he remained with them for about two years, and having by 
strict habits of economy laid up a sum of money, the fruils 
of his earnings, commenced on his own account the manu- 
facture of leather trunks and travelling bags. From the 
small beginning of two-score years ago, he has steadily 
augmented his manufacturing facilities, until his establish- 
ment is the largest of its kind in the Union, if not in the 
world. During his long residence in the beautiful city of 
Newark, he has become prominently identified with her 
interests, and has contributed in no small degree to her im- 
portance as a great manufacturing centre — the third city in 
the Union in that particular. At the same time he has 
given some attention to the interests of education. To the 
institution at Hightstown, New Jersey, which now bears his 
name, he has contributed largely of his means for its suc- 
cess. Of la "ars he went abroad, and passed a year in 
travelling through the greater portion of Europe, paying 
particular attention not only to many points of interest in 
Great Britain and Ireland, but also in France, Germany, 
.\ustria and Italy; besides which he was an attentive ob- 
server of the laws of trade and commerce, and of the par- 
ticular care taken by the government of Great Britain in fos- 
tering the interests of her merchants and manufacturers. On 
his return home he made an address to the Board of Trade 
— of which body he had long been a member and at one 
time President — which is replete with valuable information, 
being a general review of trade and the industrial pursuits, 
both mechanical and agricultural, of the diflerent countries 
he visited. Towards the conclusion of his remarks he be- 
came the earnest advocate of a new department at Washing- 
ton, that of trade and commerce, as an adjunct to the one 
already added within a few years past, that of agricidture. 
In political creed he is an ardent member of the Republi- 
can party, and has been the recipient of the favors of that 
organization at sundry times. He was twice elected M.ayor 
of Newark, and twice chosen as a Representative in the 
lower or popular branch of the State Legislature, where, 
during the great southern rebellion, he took an active part 
in support of the general government both with his influ- 
ence and his purse. He was nominated by the Republicans 
m 1876 as their candidate for the Forty-fifth Congress from 
the Sixth Congressional District of New Jersey, and was 
elected. Being a thoroughly practical man of the people, he 
will doubtless faithfully represent his constituents in the 
Federal legislature, and contribute by every means at his 
command to advance not only their own interests, but that 
of the country at large ; and it is to be hoped that he will 



BIOGRArinCAL ENCVCLOP.'EDIA. 



be not only the originator of the new department of the gov- 
ernment alluded to above, but that he may be early called 
upon to organize the same. 



'ERHUNE, GARRIT, M. D., Physician, of Passaic, 
was born in Bergen county. New Jersey, in Oc- 
tober, iSoi. His parents both came from the 
same county, in which his father, Richard N. 
Terhune, followed agricultural pursuits. His 
mother was Hannah Voorhees. From the com- 
mon schools of his native place Garrit Terhune received his 
primary educational training. He fitted for college at the 
classical school of Dr. Sythoff, and then entered Princeton 
College, from which he was graduated in 1823. Having 
determined to adopt the medical profession, he began study 
therefor immediately upon leaving college, having for his 
preceptor first the same Dr. Sythoff from whom he obtained 
his university preparation, and subsequently Professor John 
AV. Francis, of Rutgers Medical College, then in operation in 
Jersey City, although an adjunct of Rutgers College, of New 
Brunswick. He graduated in medicine in 1829, and at 
once began practice in Hackensack. After a short while he 
removed to Passaic, where he has since followed his profes- 
sion with much success. He was the first President of the 
Passaic County Medical Society. In the year 1828 he was 
married to Elizabeth A. Zabriskie, of St. Johnsville, New 
York. 



(OORHEES, PETER I-., Lawyer, of Camden, was 
born in Blawenburgh, Somerset county. New 
Jersey, July 12th, 1S25. He is descended of New 
Jersey ancestors, his parents being Peter Voorhees 
and Jane Schenck, daughter of Captain John 
Schenck. His educational advantages were only 
such as could be obtained at the common schools of the 
neighborhood, but of them he made the most diligent use, 
and acquired the elements of a sound education. Up to his 
twenty-first year he was occupied on the home farm, but 
farming not being to his taste, and the law possessing great 
attraction for him, he determined to follow the latter as his 
career. Accordingly he entered the office of Richard S. 
Field, of Princeton, as a student, and in connection with 
his studies there he, in the following year, 1847, attended 
the law school then attached to Princeton College, but long 
since discontinued, having been conducted for about three 
years only. From this institution he received in due course 
the degree of LL. B., and subsequently that of A. M. He 
was admitted to the bar in November, 1851, and located in 
Camden in October, 1852. In this city he has since resided 
and practised. One of the oldest practitioners in this sec- 
tion of the State, he is also among the leaders of its bar. 
This position he has attained by the force of sheer hard 
work. There may be more brilliant men among his com- 



peers, but there is none who is a sounder or better read 
lawyer, nor is there one who more completely masters every 
case intrusted to him, who is more successful before the 
courts, and who enjoys so thoroughly the confidence of his 
clients and the respect of the profession. For one year lie 
served as City Solicitor of Camden, and he is counsellor, for 
this section of the State, for the Pennsylvania Railroad Com- 
pany, although one of its opponents in the great railroad 
war in New Jersey. He was married in 1855 to Annie F., 
sister of the late Hon. W. L. Dayton, the distinguished 
statesman. 



RICE, THEOPHILUS T., M. D., Physician, of 
Tuckerton, w.-.s born. May 21st, 1828, at Town 
Bank, Cajie May county, New Jersey, on the 
estate which had descended from his great-grand, 
father, William Price, and is a son of John and 
Kezia (Swain) Price, both of whom were aKo 
natives of the same State. The Price family during the 
revolutionary era were well known as loyal to the jialriot 
cause, and during the war si me of them were distinguished 
for their services, among them William Price, menlioned 
above, who was a captain in the Continental army and 
served in the cause of the colonies during' thai confiict. 
When young Price was about three years old his father sold 
his share of the paternal estate to his brother, Captain Wil- 
liam Price, and purchased a farm at Swaintown — a short dis- 
tance from Cold Spring, in the same county — from his 
father in-law, Daniel Swain, and the family homestead still 
remains at that locality. Daniel Swain was descended 
from one of the oldest and most respected families of Cape 
May county. Young Price received his rudimentary educa- 
tion in the common schools of the neighborhood, which ha 
attended until he was thirteen years old, when his father 
placed him in the academy at Cold Spring, which had then 
been recently founded, and which was carried on success- 
fully for several years by Rev. Moses Williamson, at that 
place. He there obtained a fair English education, and re- 
mained there about three years. The learning which he 
acquired at that academy was considerably augmented by 
diligent private study, after leaving school. He next as- 
sisted his father on the farm until he was twenty years old, 
when he commenced teaching school, and one year after- 
wards began the study of medicine. He subsequently ma- 
triculated at the Pennsylvania Medical College, and at- 
tended the regular courses of lectures delivered in that 
institution, from which he graduated in March, 1853. The 
following month he settled at Tuckerton, having been in- 
vited to do so by Dr. Mason, a physician then in practice 
there, and he has continued to reside there ever since, giv- 
ing close attention to his profession, and has won for him- 
self a well-merited reputation as a most successful physician 
and surgeon. He h.as been for a long period an active and 
influential member of the Medical Society of Burlington 



BIOGRAP.IICAL ENCVCI.Or.EDIA. 



143 



county. During the war lie was .an earnest supporter of the 
government, and after the battle of Gettysburg ofTered his 
services as volunteer surgeon ; they were accepted and he 
was assigned to duty at Chestnut Hill Military Hospital for 
one month, when, the wards being relieved of part of their 
wounded crowds, he returned to his practice. His political 
creed is that of the Repub ican party, and he became their 
nominee, in 1S6S, as Representative of the Fourth Legisla- 
tive District of Burlington county, and was elected. Dur- 
ing his term of service he introduced and secured the pas- 
sage of a bill to charter a railroad from Tuckerton to Egg 
Harbor City; also of an act to charter a company to con- 
struct a ship-canal from the river Delaware to Little Egg 
Harlior river. He was the author of the bill to protect 
harmless and insectivorous birds, passed at that session ; and 
he introduced a bill to charter an institution for the reform- 
ation of inebriates, which, however, failed to pass. In 
1S70-71 he was actively associated with John Rutherford, 
A. K. Pharo, and other gentlemen, in the construction of the 
Tuclierton Railroad, having been a Director and the Secre- 
tary of the company from its first organization ; and has 
also been llie local Treasurer since its first year. He has 
also been a Director in the Beach Haven Land Company, 
and an associate of the gentlemen who have displayed so 
much energy in establishing that new and growing watering- 
place. He h.as also lieen a Director of Medford, New Jer- 
sey, B.nik for the past sixteen years. He has ever been a 
w.um friend of education for the masses, and filled for eight 
years the posiiion of Su]>erintendent of the Public Schools 
in the township of Little Egg Harbor, where he resides. 
During that period there were eleven schools under his 
care, and into them he first introduced several important 
reforms. In religions belief he is a Biptisi, and assisted in 
founding the Baptist Church at West Creek, of which he was 
chosen the first deacon. He was one of the founders of the 
Tuckerton Bible Society, and has been its Treasurer for 
nuny years. He has also been a liberal friend to the mis- 
si. )nary cause, and he supports and conducts almost entirely 
a home mission school. He is a member of the New Jer- 
sey Historical Society, and is at the present time (1876) 
President of the Tuckerton Public Library Society, besides 
which he has also filled several important trusts. A man 
of literary tastes, he is the author of a number of contribu- 
tions, both in prose and verse, that have appeared from time 
to time in the papers. As a citizen he stands high in the 
estimation of the public, and having been so long identified 
with the welfare and prosperity of his section, he is regarded 
by all as a gentleman of the highest intelligence, who aims 
to do good in all thin.gs, and who endeavors, as much as 
lies in his power, to advance the general interests of the 
county and of the State. He was married in November, 
1S54, to Eliza, youngest daughter of Timothy Pharo, one 
of the most successful business men of Tuckerton, New Jer- 
sey, whose biographical sketch will be found elsewhere in 
this volume. 



c^-C 



V 



UTLER, HON. AUGUSTUS W., of Morristown, 
Lawyer, and Member of Congress, is a native of 
the place of his residence, having been born 
^ ^^ ^^ there October 22d, 1827. His father, Joseph 
g-- ef Culler, was also born in Morristown, in the neigh- 
borhood of which he followed agricultural pur- 
suits. On the maternal side he is a descendant of Silas Con- 
dit, a member of the Continental Congress, his mother, 
Elizabeth Cook, being a granddaughter of that distinguished 
man. Augustus was brought up on the home farm, and ob- 
tained his education in the schools of his native place. 
When the time arrived for the choice of a profession he se- 
lected that of the law, and began to study in the office uf 
Governor Haines. In due course he was admitted as an 
attorney in 1850, and three years later was received as 
counsellor. He soon won a good standing at the bar, and 
in 1856 was appointed Prosecutor of the Pleas for Morris 
county. This position he held until 1861. Ten years 
later, in l87l,hewas elected Senator from Morris county, 
and served for three years with great credit to himself and 
advantage to his constituents. During this term he served 
on Ihe committees on Judiciary and Education. He was a 
member of the State Constitutional Convention in 1873, and 
labored faithfully and successfully for the introduction into 
the organic law of many much needed reforms. In 1875 he 
was elected to Congress from the Fifth Congressional Dis- 
trict, comprising the counties of Bergen, Morris, and Pas- 
saic, and did such good service as to secure reelection in 
1876. His affiliations have always been with the Demo- 
cratic party, and he has always exerted a wide influence as 
an earnest exponent of its best principles. In the advance- 
ment of the cause of education he has from early life mani- 
fested a deep interest, identifying himself with every move- 
ment of educational value. Of the Board of Education of 
Morristown he has been President since its organization in 
1870. He was mainly instrumental in causing the moneys 
received from riparian rights by the State to be entirely ap. 
propriated to the school fund, thus securing a free school 
system to the State. This question reached a settlement 
during his term in the State Senate, his earnest efforts con- 
ducing in veiy great degree to the satisfactory result. While 
there may be more brilliant men at the bar than he, tliere 
are few who have won a more solid position by well di- 
rected, hard study, and persistent attention to the interests 
of his clients and constituents. He was married in 1854 to 
Julia R. Walker, of Albany, New York. 



RIGGS, HON. JOHN W., Lawyer and Legislator, 
of Paterson, w.as born, July loth, 1849, near New- 
1 ton, Sussex county. New Jersey, and is a son of 
Daniel and Emeline (Johnson) Griggs, both of 
^'"g5 whom are also natives of New Jersey, the former 
being engaged in agricultural pursuits. He ob- 
tained an excellent education in the Collegiate Institute, at 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.^DIA. 



Newton, and in the autumn of 1S65 matriculated at La- 
fayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania, where he completed 
his studies, and graduated from that institution with the 
class of 186S, as Bachelor of Arts. After leaving college 
he entered the ofiice of Hon. Robert Hamilton, to engage 
in the study of the law, remaming there until May, 1S71, 
when he removed to Patei-son, where he selected as his 
preceptor Hon. Socrates Tuttle, with whom he continued 
until the prescribed term of three years' reading was con- 
cluded, when he was duly licensed as an attorney, in No- 
vember, 1 87 1, being raised to the rank of counsellor-at-law 
in 1S74. Immediately after his admission to the bar, in 
1871, he commenced the practice of his profession in Patei-- 
son, continuing the same on his own account until the 
winter of 1873, when he became the law pifther of his 
preceptor, Hon. Socrates Tuttle, and is still -his associate. 
In the autumn of 1S75 he was elected by the '-Republican 
parly as the Representative to the lower house of the Stale 
Legislature from the First Assembly District of Passaic 
County, and was re-elected in 1876. During his first temi 
he served on several prominent committees in that body, 
and took an active part in the preparation of the new Elec- 
tion law, which went into operation during the winter of 
1875-76. Although young in years, he has^ready achieved 
a fiist-class reputation as a barrister ..and an 'efficient legis- 
lator. He was married October 7th, 1874."- ^ 



jlDGWAY, BENJAMIN, President of the Union 
Bank, of Mount Holly, was born;^ July Slh,i797, 
in the township of Willingborough, Burlington 
county. New Jersey, and is the son of the late 
Benjamin E. and Prudence (Borton) Ridgway, 
both of whom were also natives of that State. 
His rudimentary education was obtained in the common 
schools of the day in the neighborhood of his home ; and 
he completed his studies in the then well-known academy 
of the late John Gummere, at Burlington, where so many 
prominent citizens of both New Jersey and Pennsylvania 
were educated. When twenty years old he left school, and 
fur some years was engaged in 'assisting his father on his 
farm. As soon as he attained hij majority he commenceil 
talking an active interest in politfcs, and was elected Asses- 
sor, which position he held for eleven years, being con- 
stantly re-elecled every year. He was then elected Free- 
holder, wherein he served his constituency between fifteen 
and twenty years. In 1842 he was elected a member of 
Assembly, on the Whig ticket, and so ably did he acquit 
himself that, in the year following, he was nominated by 
both parties, and received almost the entire vote of tlie 
district, lacking only about ninety ballots of the whole 
voting population of 5,700. He was ever outspoken on all 
questions, and voted for that which was for the public weal, 
irrespective of party. In fact, so great confidence has been 



placed in his honor and integrity that, during a greater part 
of his manhood, he has been intrusted with the settlement 
of many estates throughout the county. Aside from these, 
and other duties of an official character, his entire life, from 
the time of his leaving school, in 1817, until the year 1867 

a period of just half a century — has been devoted to 

agricultural pursuits. In the year last named he disposed 
of his interests in the farm and removed to Mount Holly. 
In 1874 he was chosen President of the Union Bank, of 
Mount Holly, which position he has filled with credit to 
himself and with great benefit to the institution. He has 
always taken an active part in all matters pertaining to the 
improvement of the town, and manifests much interest in 
everything that tends towards the development of the county 
and State. Since 1844 he has taken no active part m 
politics ; but his principles accord with those held by the 
Republican party, and he is held in high estimation by the 
members of both political organizations. He was married, 
in 1837, to Margaret B. Fenimore, of Camden county, New 
Jei-sey. 



IDGWAY, CAPTAIN JOSEPH R., Soldier, was 
born, December, 1840, in Willingborough town- 
ship, Burlington county. New Jersey, and w^as 
v^i p the soil'. of Benjamin and Margaret B. (Feni- 
' (3'>Y more) Ridgway, both his parents being natives 
' , of the same State ; and his father's biographical 

sketch ■ appears above. Joseph's early education was ob- 
tained at' Beverly, and he completed his studies at the 
Gummere's' Academy, in Burlington, the same institution 
where his father had attended, and presided over by 
Samuel Gummere, who was a son of John Gummere, who 
founded the institution. He left school when nineteen 
years of age, and became of much assistance to his father 
in the management of his farm. He remained there until 
the outbreak of the war and the call for the ninety-day 
men, when he responded, and raised a company in his own 
neighljorhood, which was subsequently known as Company 
G, of the 3d Regiment New Jersey Infantry, and of which 
he was elected Captain. He fell at the liattle of Fredericks- 
burg, while gallantly leading his command. His remains 
were recovered, taken home and buried at Rancocas. 



"LARK, AMOS, Jr., ex-Member of Congi-ess and 
Real-Estate Operator, of Elizabeth, \vas born in 
Brooklyn, New York, November 8lh, 1S28. His 
father, Amos Clark, was a native of Union county. 
New Jersey, and his mother, whose maiden name 
was Sarah Meeker, was a native of Springfield, 
New Jersey. He was educated at an academy in Elizabeth, 
New Jersey, where he was thoroughly schooled in all the 



G-. 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 



145 



u>;nal branches of study. Upon completing his academic 
career he engaged in a large wholesale clothing house, and 
by careful attention and active observation gained in a short 
time a thorough insight into the methods of conducting 
business transactions. Soon afterwards he embarked on his 
individual account, in New York, in the same line, and 
met with gratifying success. In 1862 he made extensive 
real estate purchases in Elizabeth, and rapidly augmented 
tliese investments, until they had reached proportions which 
demanded his entire attention. In 1865, therefore, he re- 
linquished his business in New York, and gave his whole 
time to his interests in Elizabeth, where he settled. Having 
become one of the largest proprietors of real estate in that 
city, he was naturally led into an active support of all ef 
forts to carry out long-needed local improvements; and to 
this end gave liber.illy of his own means and attention. He 
became one of the incorporators of the First National Bank, 
of Elizabeth, and was chosen as its President by the body 
of stockholders. This office he has continuously held up to 
the present time, and his sagacious management of its af- 
fairs, resulting in its becoming one of the strongest moneyed 
institutions in the State, is an ample affirmation of his ability 
as a financier. He was one of the originators of the Eliza- 
beth Horse Railroad, and is very heavily interested in it. 
He was one of the projectors, and is now President, of the 
National Fire & Marine Insurance Company, of Elizalieth, 
having occupied his present position ever since its incorpo- 
ration. He found time, amid these cares, to carry out a 
large number of individual schemes, which have given to 
the city many conspicuous ornaments. A large number of 
the finest business blocks he erected, prominent among 
them being the Arcade, which was built m 1869. This 
substantial and imposing structure contains a fine opera 
house, a conservatory of music, a Masonic hall and a series 
of handsome offices. The post-ofiice of the city is also 
located in this building. Mr. Clark has always evinced a 
decided interest in agricultural science, and has been for 
years a prominent member of the New Jersey State Agri 
cultural Society, of which he is at present the presiding 
officer. Politically, he is identified with the Republican 
party, and is one of its most influential leaders in this Stale. 
He was elected a member of the City Council in 1865, and 
served until the close of 1866. Union county sent him to 
the State Senate for the term of l866-6g, where he served 
his constituency with distinguished ability. In 1S72 he 
was returned as Congressman from the Third District of 
New Jersey, a district which comprises the counties of Mid- 
dlesex, Monmouth and Union. During his term he wa> a 
member of the committee appointed to thoroughly investi- 
gate the District of Columbia frauds, and which unearthed 
the pecidations of Shepherd and his associates. Mr. Clark, 
in this position, rendered most valuable and conspicuous 
services. He was an Elector on the Republican ticket in 
the Presidential campaign of 1872, and a delegate to the 
convention in Philadeljihia which placed General Grant in 
19 



nomination for a second term. Upon two occasions he has 
represented his party in Union county at gubernatorial con- 
ventions. His irreproachable character, various business 
capacities, energy in projecting and carrying to complete 
realization important local improvements, his liberal aid to 
charities, his important services to his party and to his 
fellow-townsmen, irrespective of party, have secured for him 
their lasting regard as a public-spirited citizen and a faithful 
official. He was married, on October 15th, 1851, to Eliza- 
beth R. Hunter, of Massachusetts. 



/ 
•|LANE, JOHN, M.D., of Perryville, Physician, ex- 
.' Senator and Major-General New Jersey Militia, 
was born, July 7th, 1S02, in the township of 
North Brunswick, Middlesex county, New Jersey, 
and is the only son of the late Thomas and Eliza- 
beth (Toombs) Blane. His father was a native 
of the county of Louth, Ireland, and had emigrated to the 
United States only a short time prior to the birth of his only 
son. His family were originally from a Spanish or French 
province, and had migrated to the district of Galloway, 
the extreme southwest part of Scotland, where they resided 
for very many years. They were, while residents of this 
latter country, staunch Presbyterians, members of the Kirk 
of Scotland, and noted for their adherence to the convic- 
tions of right and justice. Although stiong Protestants, 
they believed the cause of the Stuarts a just one, and fol- 
lowed the fortunes of thai house to their own sorrow. 
Early in the eighteenth century the grandfather of Dr. 
Blane left Scotland for Ireland. His mother, Elizabeth 
Toombs, was a daughter of George Toombs, of Carling- 
ford, Ireland, and a cousin of John Philpot Curran, the 
celebrated barrister, her mother having been Elizabeth 
Curran. When he was but three years old his mother 
died. He was educated in the schools of Middlesex 
county; and, in addition to the knowledge he gained there, 
studied surveying under Hon. Be.^.ch Jennings, and was in- 
structed in conveyancing by Richard Ilarwood, Esq. In 
ihe spring of 1S20 he opened a school in Hillsborough, 
Somerset county, where he was engaged in teaching for 
about one year. During this period he passed his " blank 
.Saturdays" and his leisure d.ays in surveying and drawing 
deeds, etc. After relinquishing his position as teacher he 
again became a student in the select school of Abraham 
G. Voorhees — who was a graduate of Princeton College — 
at the residence of Rev. Mr. Zabriskie, at Millstone, board- 
ing in the family of the ]irincipal. He remained at ihis 
locality about one year, and among other nmtlers studied 
the science of navigation. In the spring of 1822 he had 
made all the necessary arrangements to go to the West 
Indies as second mate of the " Howard," a vessel trading 
from New York ; hut one of the owners of that craft, de- 
sirous of finding a berth for a relative, induced him to with* 



146 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 



ilraw. Moreover, such a course was in opposition to his 
father's wishes, 'who desired him to embrace one of the 
learned professions. He thereupon commenced tlie study 
of medicine, under the preceptorship of Dr. William D. Mc- 
Kissack, of Millstone; meanwhile passing one or two days 
each week in surveying, drafting, etc. In the autumn of 
1S25 he w-ent to New York city, and became an attendant 
upon the medical lectures delivered by the professors of the 
College of Physicians and Surgeons, in Barclay street. 
These professors were Di-s. Wright Post, Samuel Mitchell, 
William J. McNevin, Valentine Mott, John W. Francis and 
David Hosack ; and this course of lectures was the last de- 
livered by those professors in that institution. During this 
season he was a student in the office of Drs. Smith and 
Pendleton, New York city. Returning home he taught the 
school of his native school district, at Six Mile Run, during 
the summer of 1826; at the same time reading, or occasion- 
ally giving a helping hand to his father on the farm. To- 
wards the close of that year he again went to New York 
city, where he became an attendant upon the lectures de- 
livered in the Rutgers Medical College, in Duane street. 
These lectures were delivered by Drs. Hosack, Mott, Mc- 
Nevin, Francis, Godman and Grisconi, the first four having 
been connected with the College of Physicians anrl Sur- 
geons during the previous year. During this period he 
■was the office student of Dr. Stephen Brown, of Franklin 
.Square, iiaving as his companion the late Surgeon Charles 
Tripler, of the United States army, then also a student. 
During both winters, while a resident of New York city, he 
attended the practice of the New York Hospital, and also 
that of Bellevue, then a comparatively new institution. In 
the spring of 1827 he entered into an arrangement with Dr. 
G. W. Boyd & Co., to superintend their apothecary store. 
No. 526 Pearl street. New York, and to prescribe and at- 
tend upon such calls as might offer. He passed his exami- 
nation satisfactorily, and received a certificate for the same; 
but the chancellor having decided that the diploma of the 
Rutgers Medical School was not a license to practise in the 
State of New York, he went to Somerville, New Jersey, ' 
and was examined there by the Board of Censors, April 1 
26lh, 1827, and received their certificate and the diploma 
of the Medical Society of New Jersey, which entitled him 
to practise the profession of medicine in New Jersey ; and 
this certificate and diploma, being subsequently filed in 
New York, removed the disability. He continued in the 
situation at the store in Pearl street until the close of the 
year; but, city life having become distasteful, he relin- , 
quished the position and returned to his father's farm. 
Early in 1828 he became the associate of Dr. W. A. A. 
Hunt, of Clarksville, Hunterdon county, which partnership 
continued for three years. He then removed to Penyville, 
in the same county, where for many years he attended to a 
large practice, never refusing a call, unless forced to do so 
by circumstances over which he had no control. During 
his long residence in Hunterdon county he has been re- 



garded as one of the leading medical men of the Slate, 
and is much esteemed by those who know him best, both 
as a physician and as a surgeon; and has done much to 
advance the dignity and character of the profession in the 
State. In the latter part of 1870 he relinquished to his son- 
in-law. Dr. N. B. Budeau, his extensive practice, and has 
since been in comparative retirement, occasionally attend- 
ing consultations, or prescribing for old friends. It is a 
singular fact, that there is not a township adjoining the one 
in which he resides, nor a county adjoining Hunterdon — 
not even excepting two in Pennsylvania — in which he has not 
practised. He was a regular attendant upon the meetings 
of the district medical society of his county, and was one 
of the commissioners for its reorganization, in 1836, and 
again in 1S46; it has since continued in a flourishing con- 
dition. In 1848, and also in 1855, he was its President; in 
1859 he was elected Treasurer; and in 1S69 was chosen as 
the historian of the society. Under its auspices he wrote a 
" History of the Physicians of the County of Hunterdon," 
and also of several other neighboring and State prac- 
titioners. From 1847 to '861 he was frequently a delegate 
to the New Jersey State Medical Society, and up to 1S65, 
inclusive, served as one of the Board of Censors of the 
same, being sixteen limes in nineteen terms of that body. 
In 1855 he was the Chairman of their Standing Committee; 
and upon reporting the proceedings of that committee, in 
the session of January 22d, 1856, the society conferred upon 
him the degree of M. D. In 1859 he was elected their 
Second Vice-President; in i860 he became the First Vice- 
President ; and the following year was made President of 
that body. He has also been on many occasions a delegate 
to the meetings of the American Medical Association; and 
from 1855, when he first 'became a member thereof, until 
prevented by age and infirmities from attending its meet- 
ings, was more punctual in his appearance at its sessions 
than the majority of its members. At the meeting held in 
Chicago, in 1863, he served on the Committee on Nomina- 
tions; and at the session held in Baltimore, in 1867, he was 
appointed on the Committee on Necrology, and since that 
period has been annually reappointed. He has ever been 
a friend to the cause of education, and has been a member 
of the School Committee and Superintendent of the Town- 
ship Schools for over thirty years. He has held several 
township offices, and as chosen Freeholder, which he held 
for several years, was the Director of the Board, in 1850. 
For over a half century he has held commissions in the 
militia of New Jersey. From eighteen years of age, when 
first subject to military duty, he passed through all the ranks 
up to that of Major-General ; the latter appointment he re- 
ceived in February, 1840. In 1834 he was nominated by 
the Democrats as their candidate for the State Assembly, 
and w-as elected by a large majority; being re-elected during 
the following year, and served with credit (o himself and 
also to that of his constituents. In 1861 he was nominated 
by the Democracy as their candidate for State Senator, and 



BIOGRAnilCAL EXCVCI.OP.EDIA. 



elected over Charles Baitles, Esq., hy a large niajoi ily. Me 
served three years in the Senate, and dining his first year 
in that body was Chanman of the Committee on the Lunatic 
Asylum , in 1863 he was Chairman of the Militia Commit- 
tee; while in his last year he was Chairman of the Commit- 
tee on Education and on the Committee on the State Prison. 
Here, as m every other position, public or professional, that 
he has filled, his thorough integrity asserted itself. His 
record, as a State Senator or other official, as a practitioner 
or as a private citizen, in purity of thought or action, has 
been guided by rare discrimination and judgment. He has 
been somewhat of a writer in connection with medical mat- 
ters. His thesis was on the " History of Scarlet Fever;" 
and as historian of the medical society already alluded to, 
he has penned the biographies of various physicians; also a 
" History of the Medical Society of Hunterdon, with its 
Medical Men ; " together with reports of various commit- 
tees. One of these should be more especially noticed. 
While a member of the Legislature, in 1837, he opposed 
the encroachments on the rights of the citizens of New 
Jersey by the companies then acquiring monopoly powers in 
the State, and was Chairman of the Committee of Inquiry 
on that subject. His report, allhoug'i a minority one, did 
much towards restraining these companies in their grasping 
and overreaching acts towards the State ; it was their firs° 
check in that quarter. His political predilections were in 
favor of the Democratic principles enunciated by Jefferson, 
Jackson and Johnson; and although he has had all defer- 
ence for the opinions of others, he has never failed to give 
his views, unreservedly, wheu called upon to do so. He 
was energetic, industrious and persevering beyond the en- 
durance of his physical ability, for his health was never 
robust. From 1837 until 1867, a period of thirty years, he 
conducted the management of his farm, taking it from the 
hand of nature, in a rough and forbidding condition, and 
brought it to a fair state of cultivation. He is of temperate 
habits and dresses plainly. His religious faith is that of 
the Presbyterian Church. He is now (November, 1S76) in 
the seventy-fifth year of his age, and, among his other ac- 
quirements, has learned to grow old gracefully in a pleasant 
home, surrounded by the most productive farming countiy 
of New Jersey. During his long career as a physician he 
"has been the preceptor of many medical men, all of whom 
were successful and an honor to the profession. Among 
these may be named Drs. L S. Cramer, William T.nbaw" 
William S. Creveling, Matthias Abel, Levi Farrow, Nathan 
Case and the late Lewis R. Needham, all of New Jersey; 
A. S. Combs, of Ohio; the late H. L. R. Wiggin,of Maine;" 
and C. A. Voorhees, of Pennsylvania. Dr. Blane was mar- 
ried, May 2Slh, 1S40, to Cornelia Hunt, youngest daughter 
of Isaac Smith, of Warren county, and is the father of 
three children, one son, who died in infancy, and two daugh- 
ters ; one of the latter is the wife of his successor in practice. 
Dr. N. B. Boileau, and the other married Dr. Nathan Case, 
now a resident of Riegelsville, Warren county. New Jersey.' 






147 

"ANNO.\, HEXRV R., M. D., Physician and 
Couiuy Clerk of Union County, was born. May 
20lh, 1S21, m Sumeiset county. New Jersey, 
and is a son of Rev. James S. and Catharine 
(Brevoort) Cannon. His father was a native 
of one of the West India islands, and for many 
years filled the chair of Professor of Mental Philosophy 
etc., m Rutgers College, New Brunswick ; his mother was 
a native of Bergen county. New Jersey. Dr. Cannon re- 
ceived his preliminary education in the grammar school of 
Rutgers College, and in 1836 matriculated in the college 
Itself, graduating in the class of 1S40. Having decided to 
enter upon the profession of medicine, he became a student 
in the office of Dr. William Van Deuisen, of New Bruns- 
wick, witlrwhom he remained for nearly three years, mean- 
while attending the courses of lectures delivered in the 
medical department of the University of New York, and in 
March, 1S43, graduated as Doctor of Medicine, 'in the 
autumn of that year he commenced the practice of his 
profession in Somerset county, and for nine years thereafter 
was actively engaged therein. In 1852 he opened a drug 
store in Plainfield, which he successfully conducted until 
April, 1S57, when he was appointed County Clerk of Union 
County, and has been continually re-elected at the expira- 
tion of his term, and is now m the twentieth year of the 
tenure of that office. This one fact speaks volumes as to 
his capability, integrity and popularity, the position being 
the most important office of a leading county. He is also 
connected with some of the most important corporations of 
that section, and is a director of the National Fire and 
Marine Insurance Company, of Ehzabeth; also a director 
of the Elizabeth Horse Railroad; and a director of the 
Union Manufacturing Company, of Elizabethport. He was 
married, in 1844, to Emma M. Carkart, of New York city, 
who died in 1S62, He was subsequently united in marriage' 
to Mrs. Mary C. Van Vranken, of Hackensack, New Jersey. 



e Z^- 



OODRUFF, JONATHAN, President of the Union 
National Bank, Rahway, was born, September 
6th, 1815, in Westfield, New Jersey, of which 
place his parents, William and Phoebe (Ludlow) 
Woodruff, were old residents. The Woodruffs 
and Ludlows settled in the neighborhood of 
Westfield and were identified with the town before the 
revolutionary war, in which his maternal grandfather, Jacob 
Ludlow, was a participant, and shared the dangers and pri- 
vations of the "Jersey Brig.ide." Mr. Woodruff was one 
of a family of ten children, eight of whom (si.v sons and 
two daughters) are now living, the oldest being over 
seventy-three years of age and the youngest over fifty. In 
1816 his falher purchased a farm about one mile fi..in 
Rahway, on the oW" King George's road," from Rahway 



148 



BIOGRAPHICAL EXCVCLOr.EDIA. 



to Elizabeth, and there Jonathan passed his boyhood. 
Rahway at that time was extensively engaged in the manu- 
facture of carriages for the Southern market, and when 
seventeen years of age he began to learn the trade of car- 
riage-making, and was occupied for four years in mastering 
all the branches of the business. He then went to New 
York city, where he engaged in mercantile pursuits for 
several years, until 1S42, when, in connection with his 
brother Amos, he opened a general mercantile store in 
Rahway, under the firm-name of J. tV A. Woodruff. In 
the winter of 1845 the firm established a house in Memphis, 
Tennessee, for the sale of carriages, which they manufac- 
tured in their own establishment at Rahway, shipping all 
their products to the Memphis house for disposal. His 
brother, Amos Woodruff, took charge of the* Memphis 
branch of the business, while he remained in Rahway. 
His thorough knowledge respecting the manufacture of 
carriages, gained in his four years' experience in the busi- 
ness, now proved of great value to him ; and the vehicles 
bearing their stamp soon acquired a wide reputation in the 
West and Southwest. They carried on this trade with 
great success until the breaking out of the war, when the 
firm of J. & A. Woodruff & Co. was dissolved by Jonathan 
retiring. The business in Memphis is still carried on by 
Amos Woodruff and William Woodruff (a nephew), under 
the firm-name of A. Woodruff & Co. In 1865 Mr. W'ood- 
ruff became one of the first to organize the Union National 
Bank, of Rahway, and when it went into operation was 
chosen President of the institution, and has since continued 
to conduct Its affairs. Under his management the bank 
has successfully withstood all the monetary disasters and 
financial storms that have visited the country during the 
past eleven years, since its organization. He has been 
thoroughly identified with all improvements in the city of 
Rahway, and has always been ready to aid, both with his 
time and his means, any enterprise that would promote the 
public good. He was married, August 9th, 1S42, to 
Alvira, daughter of William and Sarah (Crowell) Martin, 
whose ancestors came from England and Scotland, and 
settled in Middlesex county, New Jersey. 



EWELL, WILLIAM L., M. D., Physician, of 
Millville, was born in Bridgeton, New Jersey. 
March 27lh, 1834. His father, James M. Newell, 
was for many years a prominent citizen of that 
place, where he edited and conducted the Bridge- 
ton Chronicle. The influence he exerted proved 
of immense advantage to the town and State. He was 
mainly instrumental in having various public measures 
adopted, among which may be cited, as of especial im- 
portance to the community, the Equalization of Taxes, the 
Abolishment of Imprisonment for Debt, and the Two Hun- 



dred Dollar Exemption Act. He died in 1S51. Dr. 
Xewell's mother, Amanda Loper, was a daughter of Judge 
W. Loper, who for over twenty-five years was an Associate 
Judge of the Court of Common Pleas of Salem County. 
His grandfather, James Newell, was forever thirty years 
engaged in successful ministerial labors in connection with 
the Methodist Church. He himself received his prelimi- 
nary training at the Mount Holly Academy, and subse- 
quently attended Princeton College for two years. Having 
made choice of the medical profession, he began study 
therefor, in 1856, under the direction of Dr. E. B. Rich- 
mond, of Millville, New Jersey, and in 1857 matriculated at 
Jeflerson College, Philadelphia. From this .nstitution he 
was graduated in 1859, and thereupon settled for practice 
in Millville. In this sphere of labor he remained until 1S62, 
when he entered the United States service, as Surgeon of 
the 24lh New Jersey Infantry. With this regiment he con- 
tinued for nine months, when he became Brigade Surgeon 
(and Surgeon-in-Chief of Kimball's brigade). Subsequently 
he served as Surgeon-in Chief of General French's division, 
Second Corps, Army of the Potomac. On returning lo 
private practice he located at Salem, New Jersey, where he 
remained for one year. Then, by request, he settled once 
more in Millville. This was in the year 1864, and he has 
since been successfully engaged in the same field. He has 
won an excellent reputation as a skilful and judicious sur- 
geon, and in all departments of the profession occupies a 
good position. He is a member of the Cumberland County 
Distiict Medical Society, and was its President in 1875. His 
brethren sent him as a delegate to the American Medical 
.\ssociation in 1876. He was married, in 1869, to Sallie 
W. Maylin, daughter of E. W. Maylin, of Millville; she 
died, January 1st 1S76. 



HITAKER, JONATHAN S., M. D., Physician, 
of Millville, was born in Cedarville, Cumberland 
county. New Jer^iey, January 20th, 1823. Oa 
both paternal and maternal sides he comes from 
Cumberland county families, his parents, Thomas 
and Deborah (Sheppard) Whitaker, being natives 
of that section. He was educated at Claflm's High School, 
at Bridgeton, New Jersey, and received a thorough funda- 
mental training. Attracted towards the profession of medi- 
cine, he began his studies in that science, in 1S41, under 
the superintendence of Dr. Jacob W. Lndlam, at Deerfield, 
Cumberland county. New Jersey. Having prepared him- 
self for a college course, he matriculated at Jefferson Col- 
lege in 1842, and, taking the full course, graduated in 1845. 
Upon receiving his diploma he located at Centreton, 
Salem county, where he engaged in an extensive and la- 
borious practice for some nineteen years. In 1864 he 
removed to Millville, where he has since resided, and has 
secured a good practice. He is a skilful physician, and 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 



J 49 



enjoys to the highest degree the respect and esteem of his 
professional brethren as well as of the community at large. 
In the medical associations he manifests an earnest interest ; 
he is a member of the Cumberland County Medical Society, 
and m the present year {1S76) was a delegate to the New 
Jersey State Medical Association. He was married in 
1S56 to Mary S. Johnson, of Salem county. 



■RANE, JOB SYMMES, M. D., Physician in the 
city of Elizabeth, was born, April 23d, 1825, in 
the town where he now resides. His parents 
were Job and Mary B. (Woodruff) Crane, both 
natives of Elizabeth. The family of which he is 
a representative is an ancient and honorable one. 
His ancestor, Ralph Crane, accompanied Sir Francis 
Drake from England to America in 1577. Another ances- 
tor, Sir Robert Crane, belonged to the fast company which 
came to Massachusetts Bay in 1630. His home was in 
Essex, England. The first resident representative of the 
family in this country was Stephen Crane, who was born in 
1619, and proljably came to America from England in 
1640. He died there in 1710, and during his life held a 
number of high offices in church and state. Among other 
public duties he was chosen, in 1743, to go to England and 
lay a petition before the king. Job Symmes Crane is the 
great-great-great-grandson of this distinguished citizen. 
His early education was obtained at the justly celebrated 
classical school of Mr. James G. Nuttman, and wlien he had 
reached the age of fifteen he entered Princeton College, 
from which institution he graduated in 1843. After leaving 
college he taught school for a period of two years and a 
half at the seminary of S. E. and S. G. Woodbridge, at 
Perth Amboy. In the meantime he had decided to adopt 
the medical profession, and at the conclusion of his term of 
teaching he began with spirit and assiduity the necessary 
preliminary studies. In due time he entered as a student 
at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York, 
and in the year 1849 he graduated from the college and re- 
ceived his diploma. He at once returned to Elizabeth, 
and there commenced the practice of his profession, having 
been invited to enter into a copartnership with his former 
preceptor. Dr. George R. Chetwood. He possessed emi 
nent natural qualifications for attaining success in his pro 
fession, and his acquired knowledge and practical skill were 
already great. Hence his progress toward success was 
rapid, and he speedily attained a large and lucrative prac 
tice. He rose rapidly to a high and universally acknowl- 
edged rank, and now enjoys the honorable distinction of 
being erne of the leaders of the profession in the community 
where he resides. For five years after entering upon prac- 
tice he was associated in partnership with Dr. Chetwood. 
Eater he was associated, for a period of seven years, 
with Dr. James S. Green. He is a member of the New 



Jersey State Medical Society, and was a member also of ^ 
the Esse.x County Medical Society, until the formation of 
the Union County Medical Association. He was President 
of the last-named society during the second year of its nr- 
g.anization. He was married, March 8th, 1S54, to Helen 
B. Watkins, a native of Albany, New York. 



» UHL, RICHARD S., Lawyer, of Flemington, was 
born near that place, August 24th, 1S39, and 
is the son of Leonard P. Kuhl, a farmer of Hun- 
terdon county. New Jersey, who was a prominent 
man in the management of both township and 
county affairs, and held a number of offices of 
trust and responsibility. He graduated at Lawrenccville in 
the year 1S60, and in 186 1 he entered the law office of 
B. Van Syckel, Esq., now one of the judges of the New 
Jersey Supreme Court. He remained here as a student for 
four years, and was admitted to the bar as an attorney in 
1865. He at once commenced the practice of law in Flem- 
ington, and was admitted counsellor in 1868. His progress 
in his profession was rapid, and he soon took rank as one 
of the leading lawyers of the county. He is a fine and ef- 
fective speaker, and his management of a case is marked by 
much ability and skill. He was one of the counsel for the 
defence in the case of the Pattenburg rioters, a case which 
attracted much attention a few- years since. For a long time 
he was Secretary of the Hunterdon County Agricultural 
Society. He has always been prominent in every move- 
ment of his town, social, moral, or financial. Politi- 
cally he acted with the Republican party up to the time 
when the Liberal Republican movement was inaugurated. 
Being a warm admirer of Mr. Greeley, he took an active 
part in his support during his campaign for the Presidency. 
After that time he gave but little attention to politics, until 
the Presidential campaign of 1S76, when he took an active 
part with the Democratic parly in support of Mr. Tilden. 



/ 



RELINGHUY'SEN, GENERAL FREDERICK, 
Lawyer, Soldier and Statesman, late of New Bruns- 
wick, was born, April 13th, 1753, in Somer- 
set county. New Jersey. He was a son of the 
Rev. Theodorus Frelinghuysen, a devoted minis- 
ter of the Reformed Dutch Church, who came 
from Holland to America in 1720, and preached the gospel 
in the counties of Somerset, Middlesex and Huntingdon. 
He received an excellent education and subsequently studied 
law, being admitted about the time of his attaining the age 
of twenty-one years. \Vhen only twenty-two he was sent 
by the representatives of the colony of New Jersey as a 
Delegate to the Continental Congress, u'hich position he re- 
signed in 1777, as appears by a curious letter which he ad- 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 



dressed to Colonel Camp, in which he pleads his youth and 
inexperience in affairs of State as one reason for his with- 
drawal, in order that an older and more expert individual 
might be substituted in his place. Returning home he 
seems to have been instrumental in raising a corps of ar- 
tillery, of which he was named Captain, and which volun- 
teered their sei-vices to the Continental Congress for a year. 
During the recesses of Congress, while then a member, and 
also subsequently, he was in active service, and participated 
in the battles of Trenton and Monmouth ; and throughout the 
war was continually engaged, being Colonel of the militia 
of his native county of Somerset. In 1793, after repeatedly 
receiving the testimonials of public confidence in various 
State and county offices, he was elected by the Legislature 
a Senator of the United States. He continued in that sta- 
tion until domestic bereavements and the claims of his 
family constrained him to resign in 1796. In the Western 
Expedition, as was then termed the military force sent into 
western Pennsylvania to quell the uprising of the people in 
the notorious " Whisky Insurrection," he was selected by 
the commander-in-chief to the command, as Major-General, 
of the New Jersey and Pennsylvania troops. As a civilian 
he stood in the front rank at the bar of New Jersey, and he 
died beloved and lamented by his children and friends, 
leaving to the former the rich legacy of a life unsullied and 
which had ever abounded in benevolence and usefulness. 
On the monument erected by his children over his remains, 
his virtues are recorded in touching language, of which the 
following is an extract : " .-\t the bar he was eloquent, in 
the Senate he was wise, in the field he was brave. Candid, 
generous and just, he was ardent in his friendships, constant 
to his friends, the patron and protector of honorable merit ; 
he gave his hand to the young, his counsel to the middle- 
aged, his support to him who was feeble in years." He 
died on his fifty-first birthday, April 13th, 1804, and left 
three sons, John, Frederick and Theodore ; a biographical 
sketch of the latter will be found hereafter. 



> /ffRELINGHUYSEN, HON. THEODORE, Law- 
yer, United States Senator, and candidate for the 
|;^ Vice-Presidency on the ticket with Hon. Henry 
(^^ Clay, was born in New Brunswick in 1787. He 
S~f? sprang from Dutch ancestry. His grandfather, 
Rev. John Frelinghuysen, came lo the United 
States from Holland in 1720, and ministered for more than 
a quarter of a centui7 to the Dutch settlers in Somei-set and 
Middlesex counties. His grandmother, the daughter of a 
rich merchant of Amsterdam, was a woman of superior in- 
tellect, strong will, and devoted piety. His father, Frede- 
rick Frelinghuysen, educated at Princeton, was a distin- 
guished lawyer and a member of the Provincial and Conti- 
nental Congress. He fought during the RevoluiDn ; was a 
Captain of artillery in the battle with the Hessians at Tren- 



ton, and a Colonel of militia in several subsequent engage- 
ments with the enemy. In 1793 he was elected Senator of 
the United States, but resigned in 1796. During Washing- 
ton's administration he commanded, as Major-General, a 
portion of the army sent into western Pennsylvania to quell 
the " Whisky Insurrection." He died in 1804. Theodore 
graduated at Princeton in that year, and choosing to be a 
lawyer, studied law with Richard Stockton, and was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1 80S. He followed the profession until 
1839, and achieved large success. His attention was a\- 
ways fully occupied, and he was engaged in most of the 
leading causes of his day. In 1817 he was elected by the 
Legislature in joint convention, a majority of which differed 
from him in politics. Attorney General .')f the State, and was 
re-elected, holding the office until elected to the .Senate of 
the United States in 1829. Prior to this, in the year 1826, 
he had been elected one of the Judges the Supreme Court 
of the .State, but he had declined the f >ition. As a coun- 
sellor, his rapid, correct and compreht. ive mind, and ex- 
ceptionally good judgment, made him ■• y safe, while Ihe 
same qualities, combined with a most n gnetic, persuasive 
manner as a speaker, won him success aa an advocate. In 
the prosecution of his professional duties, he was always 
governed by the highest sense of honor and right, never per- 
mitting himself to become the advocate '' wrong, nor to 
press for a conviction in a criminal cause, even when public 
prosecutor, unless the case was reasonably clear of doubt. 
.\s a Senator he exercised a powerful influence. His voice 
was always heard in the Senate chamber on the right side 
of .all questions part.aking of a religious or moral character, 
and he always exerted his best powers for the promotion of 
all measures which in his judgment were calculated to ad- 
vance the best interests of the nation. The high integrity 
of his character and the unquestionable purity of his mo- 
tives, in connection with his ability, invested him with much 
power in W.ashington ; indeed, it is generall; conceded that 
no one man of his day exercised a larger personal influence 
in the national capital. Early in 1839 he was chosen Chan- 
cellor of the University of New York, and after considerable 
hesitation he accepted the position and removed to New 
York city. He was moved towards acceptance and the re- 
linquishment of his profession, which that step involved, by 
the great and growing repugnance he felt to the conflicts 
of a lawyer, especially in the trial of causes involving dis- 
puted facts. In 1844 he w.as chosen by the Whig party as 
their candid.ate for Vice-President, with Mr. Clay, then the 
great leader of the parly, as the candidate for the Presi- 
dency. When eventually slavery became the great issue of 
the day, and the Republican party came into existence, Mr. 
Frelinghuysen gave it his earnest support. He had never 
been a pronounced abolitionist, but he heartily disapproved 
of the systern of slavery, and up to the time of his death al- 
ways did his utmost to prevent it dissolving the Union, and 
extended his most powerful efforts for the preservation of the 
nation. It was not permitted him to witness the final tri- 



BIOGRAPHICAL E^XVCLOP.EDIA. 



IS« 



umnh of liyht, but his descendants can regard with pride 
the part he took in making that triumph piossible. In the 
year 1850 he was chosen President of Rutgers College, and 
removed to New Brunswick, where he passed his remaining 
days. His management of this institution was able and ju- 
dicious, and he was very much beloved by the students. 
He was a man of deep and earnest piety, and felt at various 
times in his career strongly drawn towards the ministry of 
the gospel. By the advice of his friends, however, he con- 
tinued in his profession, where his spotless integrity and un- 
ostentatious piety exercised a powerful influence for good. 
In religious movements he always manifested an earnest in- 
terest, and he labored in a conspicuous post in connection 
with two great inslrrnients for the promotion of religion, 
being chosen in 1841 President of the American Board of 
Commissioners for Foreign Missions, and in 1846 President 
of the American Bib'- Society. He died in 1862, at the age 
of seventy-five years, ^fter a life of singular distinction and 
usefulness. 



AYS, TH ,MAS, Lawyer, of Newton, Sussex 
county. New Jersey, was born, October 15th, 
1829, in Lafayette township, Sussex county. New 
Jereey, s'ld is a son of Thomas and Mary (Bale) 
Kays, both of whom were also natives of New- 
Jersey. His father was a manufacturer by avoca- 
tion, and died in 1S30, leaving a small estate. The subject 
of this sketch received only a common school education, 
and when sixteen y^ars of age commenced to learn the trade 
of pattern-maker, machinist and m'llwright. He duly 
served his time until he attained his majority, and became 
tlioroughly versed in all the various details of the business. 
\Vhile learning his trade he spent all his leisure time in 
study, and became thoroughly convers.ini with most of the 
higher branches, of education, especially mathematics, and 
during the same time read law to some extent. In Febru- 
ary, 1852, being then in his tw-enty-third year, he engaged 
in copartnership with Dr. Franklin Smith, at LaFayelte, in 
the general foundry, machine and millwright business, in all 
its branches, and carrieil on a very heavy business until 
1S60, when he sold out his interest to his partner. He com- 
menced regularly the study of law with Hon. Andrew J. 
Rogers, in 1858, and continued it under the preceptorship 
of Hon. Martin Ryerson and Mr. Rogers until the February 
term of the Supreme Court of New Jersey, 1863, when he 
■W.1S licensed as an attorney-at-law, and immediately formed 
a copartnership with Mr. Rogers, the firm being Rogers & 
K.iys. The copartnership continued until April 1st, 1867, 
when it was dissolved, and he has since conducted the law 
business alone, having built up a very large and valuable 
practice. He w.as licensed as a counsellor-at-law at 
the Februa yterm of the Supreme Court in 1872, and is 
a master and examiner in chancei-y, and is also a special 
m.ister of that court. He has always been a strong sup- 



O^SJ 



la 



porter of the Democratic party and its principles, .and at 
times active in politics. But he has devoted himself almost 
exclusively to his profession, and has never sought nor held 
any political ofiice in the gift of the people. He is a mem- 
ber of the Board of Directors of the Sussex National Bank, 
of Newton, New Jersey, and was for several years the legal 
adviser of the Merchants' National Bank, of Newton. He 
was married, September 24th, 1857, to Amanda E. Slater, 
of LaFayette, New Jersey. His health became much im- 
paired in 1869 from too close application to his profession, 
and he has continued to practise law since only by taking a 
great deal of outdoor exercise. He is naturally of a sturdy 
constitution and indomitable will, which have enabled him 
to rise by his own unaided exertions from comparative ob- 
scurity to a commanding position in his section of the State, 
and though in the later years his health has been enfeebled, 
his strong determination has to a great extent supplied the 
lack of physical strength. 



(JAMESON, CHARLES MILLER, Journalist, -nas 
born in York, York county, Pennsylvania, in 1823. 
His grandfather, Dr. Horatio Jameson, emigrated to 
that locality from Scotland, before the revolution- 
ary war, and became a surgeon in the American 
army. The father of the subject of this sketch. 
Dr. Thomas Jameson, was also a physician of prominence 
and extensive practice in York county. Charles, after at- 
tending the York County Academy, then under the direc- 
tion of Rev. Stephen Boyer, entered Marshall College, then 
located at Mercersburg, in the year 1S45, and graduated 
with the class of 1849. He remained two years in the 
Theological .Seminary, connected with the German Re- 
formed Church, and affiliated with the college, when he was 
licensed to preach by the Synod of the above-mentioned 
church, then holding its sessions at Martinsluirg, Virginia. 
.Soon after he received a call from a Reformed congregation 
in Taneytown, Maryland, to become its pastor, which he 
accepted, and settled in that State. Here he remained but 
a short time, having received and accepted a call to the 
Fiftieth Street Reformed Dutch Church, New York. In 
that charge he remained about twelve years. During the 
year 1862 he resigned his ])astoral charge and purchased a 
finely-situated farm in Hillsborough township, near Somer- 
ville, Somerset county. New Jersey. Upon this farm he 
took up his residence, and devoted himself to agriculture, 
at the same time contributing considerably to the press. 
Latterly he has been writing most of the leading editorials 
of the Somerset Messenger, organ of the Democratic parly 
in Somerset county. In March, 1876, he purchased the 
Messenger, and assumed entire editorial and financial con- 
trol of the journal, which promises to become even more 
prosperous than of yore under his able direction. He is a 
Democrat of the most pronounced type, and with his paper 



'52 



BIOGRAPHICAL EAXYCLOP.EDIA. 



has wielded signal service to the party cause. Well in- 
formed uoon all current topics, a scholar of large attain- 
ments and a man of well-defined individuality, he not only 
handles a subject easily and forcibly, but also boldly, im- 
pressing his views with weight upon his readers. Socially 
he is a genial, kind-hearted man, and a very fluent and 
pleasant conversationalist. He was married in 1857 to 
Ann Eliza Meserole, of Greenpoint, Long Island. 



>0\VELL, THEODORE P., Leather Manufacturer, 
of Newark, was born, January 6th, 1S19, at 
Suckasunny Plains, Morris county, New Jersey, 
and is a son of the late Jacob Drake Howell, an 
^<^ officer in the United States army, who died in 
1826, and whose widow still survives at the ad- 
vanced age of eighty-six years. When young Howell was 
about nine years of age, he went to Newark, where his 
uncle, Samuel M.. Howell, resided, who received him into 
his family, and by whom he was reared. He attended 
school in the academy of Stephen R. Grover, and there ac- 
quired a f.iir English education. Having concluded his 
studies, he became desirous of learning his uncle's trade, 
that of tanner and currier, and accordingly entered it .as ap- 
prentice. He began at the very foot of the ladder, so that 
he might learn the business thoroughly. In that establish- 
ment he acquired a practical knowledge of the trade in all 
its details, and this thorough acquaintance with its every 
branch has been the secret of his great success through his 
long career as a manufacturer. When he attained his ma- 
jority his uncle admitted him as a partner in the business, 
under the firm-name and style of S. M. & T. P. Howell, the 
concern being then located at the corner of Market and 
Washington streets ; and they commenced the manufacture 
of patent leather on a ver\- small scale. This article is a 
German invention, and was first made about a century ago. 
It was soon after introduced into France and England, and 
first made its appearance in America in 1828, the pioneer 
being Seth Boyden, of Newark. In 184S the buildings of 
the firm having been destroyed by fire, the new establish- 
ment was located on the site of the present works, then out- 
side the city limits and surrounded by fields. At the present 
time there is a larger population beyond it than the whole 
city then contained. The capacity of the .works was con- 
siderably larger than the one first inaugurated, and from the 
amount of forty hides per week, the product has gained to 
the immense proportion of five thousand in the same space 
of time. In the new location the firm conducted the busi- 
ness with remarkable success, in connection with other part- 
ners admitted from time to time until August, 1855, when 
the present company was organized, and which consists, in 
addition to Theodore P. Howell, and his two sons, Henry 
C. and Samuel C. Howell, of Abraham R. Van Nest, of 
New York city, an old and successful merchant, who is 



president of the organization ; Peter Hayden, whose reputa- 
tion is known throughout the country ; Austin Jenkins, 
one of the leading merchants of Baltimore, now retired from 
business ; and Pollock Wilson, of Cincinnati, all of whom 
have long been recognized as the leading saddlery hardware 
men of the United States. Since the company organized, 
the business has been ever on the increase ; new buildings 
have been erected, and all the novel and improved ma- 
chinery which from time to time has been invented has been 
added as required, until, in this Centennial year of the na- 
tion, the establishment ranks as one of the largest and finest 
on the continent, and in the production of its leading spe- 
cialty, patent leather, is the largest in the world. Many of 
the prominent leather m.anufacturers of Newark have learned 
the business with this company. The works in Newark 
cover six acres of ground, and manufacture principally the 
patent and enamelled leather of twenty different varieties 
and classifications. There are also produced roans, linings, 
many varieties of harness leather, military buff leather of 
extraordinary endurance, being tanned with pure cod-liver 
oil, as are also the buck-skins ; and the manufacture of wool 
mats is a specialty, being sheep-skins with the wool left upon 
them. A branch manufactory has been established at Mid- 
dletown. Orange county. New York, which covere two 
acres, and is designed for the production of boot and shoe 
leathers, as also for Russia and pocket-book leathers. In 
addition to these hives of industry, a slaughtering-house has 
been in operation in New York city for some time, and re- 
quires seven city lots for its area. This branch is con- 
ducted solely for the purjiose of having the skinning done 
promptly and the hides free from those cuts wdiich arise 
from the carelessness of workmen. The cattle are not pur- 
chased, but simply killed for the wholesale butchers, the 
hides being retained at their value. The total number of 
skins used by the company in the course of a year amounts 
in round numbers to a qucrtcrof a million, one-fifth of these 
being cattle hides, and the remainder of calf, sheej) .".nd 
deer skins. During all these yeai-s the present senior mem- 
ber of the company, Theodore P. Howell, has led a life of 
untiring industry, devoting the early morning hours to the 
vast business details, and suffering nothing to interfere with 
his constant supervision of the manufactory. Nothing 
bearing directly or indirectly upon this, his life-long study, 
has been neglected or omitted. He has twice visited Eu- 
rope to investigate the markets and methods of England and 
Germany, and thus has familiarized himself with the Tiide 
and cattle markets of the world, as well as the modes of 
manufacture and the qualities of their products; so that he 
might not only imitate, Init improve upon their m.anner of 
fabrication. This persistency of obser\'ation has resulted in 
the superior excellence of the goods furnished at his estab- 
lishment, and his brand of skins is recognized throughout the 
country as strictly of the first class. Although this great 
devotion to his private business has been so systematically 
carried out, yet he has spared time to interest himself in 




.jfjia.iki 




BIOGRAPHICAL EXCVCLOP.EDIA. 



'53 



other matters which have tended to the welfare and pro- 
gress uf the city where he resides. He early recognized the 
necessity of an improved method of commimicatioii with 
New York city, and was among the earliest supporters and 
promoters for the establishment of the plank road, over 
which his wagons now daily travel with the goods from his 
warehouse direct to their destination, thus saving the many 
expenses attendant upon railway transfer. He has also as- 
sisted in the establishment of banks, insurance companies, 
and other commercial institutions, and was also among 
those who originated the New York & Newark Railroad, 
and labored ardently until it was a fixed fact in being a di- 
rect route to the great city on the Hudson. He is at the 
present time a Director of the Mutual Benefit Life Insurance 
Company, the American Mutual Fire Insurance Company, 
the Mechanics' Bank, and the Howard Savings Bank, 



G) 



'JLFE, HON. ISAIAH, Lumber Merchant. 
Builder, Contractor, and M.iyor of New Bruns- 
wick, was born, 1809, in the township of South 
Amboy, Middlesex county, New Jersey, and is 
the son of Phineas and Sarah (Martin) Rolfe, 
both of whom were natives of New Jersey. His 
father, many years since, was captain of one of the packets 
which were used to convey passengers from Amboy to New 
York, before the era of railroads, and who were obliged to 
make the journey by stages from Bordentown, which at that 
time was the terminal point of the steamboats from Phila- 
delphia. Isaiah received his education in the common 
schools of the day, and when seventeen years of age went 
to New Brunswick, where he learned the trade of a carpen- 
ter. He labored at this craft until he attained his m.ajority, 
and becoming dissatisfied with the few opportunities afforded 
in a country town, repaired to New York in 1831, in order 
to secure a good position in what he believed to be a larger 
field of labor; and he remained there until the following 
summer, when, upon the breaking out of the cholera in 
1832, he returned to New Brunswick, and remained three 
years. Shortly after this, in 1S36, he went to Newark, at that 
period rapidly growing in importance; and for two years 
thereafter he successfully plied his vocation. With the year 
1837 came the celebrated period of financial distress, which 
overspread the entire country. Returning once more 
to New Brunswick, he bided his time, and when more pros- 
perous times dawned upon the country, he effected favor- 
able engagements, and resumed his avocation as carpenter, 
contractor and builder. He continued in this calling until 
1S53 with encouraging success; and during the latter part 
of that year became interested in the lumber business, in 
which he has since continued. Although he has met with 
many reverses, yet he has, by his energy and indomitable 
perseverance, surmounted all the disasters that have befallen 
him. Between 1837 and 1865 he suffered loss by fire on 



three separate occasions, and once had his business almost 
ruined by an inundation; in addition to all this, in 1S35 a 
tornado almost demolished a building which he had nearly 
completed. Altliough a sufferer by these losses, he was 
able to recuperate, and so surmount these difficulties and 
build up a successful business of twenty years' standing. 
His political proclivities have been' in favor of Republican 
principles, and in 1870 he was chosen by that party as a 
candidate for Alderman, and served in that capacity for two 
terms, or four years, being elected in 1872. In April, 
1874, he was elected Mayor of the city of New Brunswick, 
and in the spring of 1876. In the fall of the same year he 
was chosen to the Legislature. He was married Decem- 
ber, 1832, to Charlotte 'Mead, of New Jersey. 



ILSON, DANIEL M.,late of Newark, an eminent 
citizen and philanthropist, was burn, 1803, and in 
his early life was engaged in mercantile pursuits 
in New York city, by which he acquired an 
ample fortune. On his retirement from business, 
he became a resident of Newark, New Jersey, 
and from that lime identified himself with all of its impor- 
tant interests. He was one of the most .active citizens in 
having the plank road constructed between Newark and 
Jersey City, and was the President of the company from its 
formation. He was also a Director of several financial in- 
stitutions, and President of the Republican Trust Company, 
of Newark, from its organization. He was for several years 
President of the American and Foreign Bible Society, and 
held other important offices connected with the Baptist de- 
nomination. He was also President of the Peddie Classical 
and Scientific Institute, at Hightstown, to which he was a 
large contributor. He died at Newark, January iSlh, 1S73, 



ARMAN, DAVID, M. D., Physician, of Trenton, 
was born in Franklin township, Warren county, 
New Jersey, Januaiy 29lh, 1836. He is of Eng- 
lish and German extraction. His parents were 
Thomas and Elizabeth (Frome) Warman, and 
his father was a farmer in Warren county. 
David obtained his early education in the schools of the 
district, and his classical education was completed at the 
academy at Belvidere, New Jersey. When about nineteen 
years of age he commenced teaching school, and continued 
so occupied for a term of four years. During this period 
he taught at Ilarker's Grove a while ; also at Little Voik, 
and latterly at Harmony, all these localities being within the 
limits of his native county. Concluding to adopt the pro- 
fession of medicine, he began his studies in 1S59, under the 
direction of Dr. P. G. Creneling, of Broadway, Warren 
county. He matriculated at the College of Physicians ajid 



'54 



BIOGRAPIITCAL EN'CYCLOP.^^DIA. 



Surgeons, New York, in i860. At this institution he took 
one course ; the succeeding one was taken at Bellevue 
Hospital Medical College, from which he was graduated in 
the spring of 1862. He was among the first graduates of 
that college. Upon receiving his diploma he settled for 
practice at Milford, New Jersey, but remained there only 
about six months. Then he removed to Morrisville, Bucks 
county, Pennsylvania, where he was engaged until the 
spring of 1864. At that time he entered the army as Con- 
tract Surgeon, and was stationed at Chesapeake Hospital, 
near Fortress Monroe. Here he was occupied busily from 
May, 1S64, until November of that year, when he retired 
from the service, and settled down to private practice at 
Trenton. In this city he has since continued to reside, and 
has built up a good practice. To all movements designed 
to advance the best interests of the profession he has 
always contributed earnest support. He is a member of 
Mercer County District Medical Society, and in 1871 and 
1872 served as its President. At various times he has been 
chosen as delegate to the New Jersey State Medical Society. 
He has acted as Secretary of the Trenton Medical Associa- 
tion since its organization, and much of its vitality is owing 
to his earnest labors on its behalf. In 1862 he was mar- 
ried to Rebecca F. Love, daughter of Rev. Robert Love, 
of Warren county. New Jersey, and sister of Ur. J. J. H. 
Love, of Montclair, Essex county, New Jersey, 



'ULLIVAN, GEORGE R., M. D., was born in 
Maryland in 1836, being the son of James T. 
Sullivan, and a grandson of William Sullivan, a 
native of Pennsylvania, who served with distinc- 
tion in the revolutionary army. He studied at 
Newton University, pursuing a comprehensive 
course, and upon graduating from that instilution com- 
menced the study of medicine under the preceptorship of 
Professor Smith, of Baltimore, and in 1S59 received his de- 
gree of M. D., from the W:iryland Medical College. The 
year succeeding his graduation he passed in study and 
medical service in the Baltimore Hospital, securing there a 
fund of information which became invaluable when he had 
fully entered upon his professional duties as a practitioner. 
In iS6o he removed to Flemington, New Jersey, where he 
successfully labored as a physician until July, 1862, when 
he was called to the field as Assistant Surgeon of the 15th 
New Jersey Volunteers. He served with (his command two 
years, passing through all the vicissitudes of one of the 
most trying campaigns of the great civil war, and embracing 
nearly all of the perils that visited Ihe army in the Potomac 
and Shenandoah valleys. In 1S64 he was appointed Sur- 
geon of the 39th New Jersey Volunteers, and served with 
this command until peace was declared, and he was mus- 
tered out in June, 1S65. Few surgeons rendered more con- 
tinuous service in the army than Dr. Sullivan, and certainly 



none more valuable. The rank and file became deeply at- 
tached to him for his intelligent and Laborious efforts to 
save life and mitigate pain, and for his kindness, which was 
invariable. From the battle-fields of Virginia he returned 
to his home in Flemington, and resumed his professional 
duties which the war had interrupted. His practice is ex- 
tensive, and his services as a consulting physician are fre- 
quently solicited from places remote from his home. He 
has rare al)ility as a surgeon, and has performed many of the 
most important operations which have claimed the attention 
of the profession in the Stale. He is a gentleman of fine 
social characteristics and progressive ideas, and manifests 
an active interest in the material as well as moral welfare 
of the community in which he makes his home. 



NGLISH, DAVID C, M. D., Physician, of New 
Brunswick, was born in that city, March 2d, 
1842, and is a son of the late Dr. David C. and 
Henrietta (Green) English, both of whom were 
natives of New Jersey. The grandfather was 
also a physician, who devoted himself to the 
practice of medicine for many years at Englishtown. Young 
English received his education, first at the public school for 
two years, after that at one of the private schools until 1S59, 
when he entered Rutgers College Cirammar School with the 
intention of preparing for the college, during the same time 
spending his spare hours in his father's store (his father be- 
ing a druggist and practising physician), acquiring a knowl- 
edge of medicines. In the summer of 1862 Dr. C. T. 
Morrogh, of the same place, made a proposition to young 
English to enter his office as pharmacist and take up the 
study of medicine. The proposition was favorably re- 
ceived by him, the college course of study for which he was 
then prepared was with regret abandoned, and he entered 
Dr. Morrogh's office the same week, where he was engaged 
for some time. Subsequently he attended a three years' 
course of study in the College of Physicians and Surgeons, 
in New York city, and graduated from that institution in 
Mai-ch, 1868, with the degree of Doctor of Medicine. For 
a few months thereafter he was associated with his preceptor, 
and then commenced to practise his profession on his own 
account, and has ever since been actively engaged in his 
native city. On two sepai-ate occasions, during Dr. Mor- 
rogh's absence in Europe, he assumed charge of his prac- 
tice. He has been an active member of the Middlesex 
County Medical Society, having been its President one year, 
its Reporter to the State -Society three years, and is now its 
Treasurer, having also several times been one of its dele- 
gates to the State Society. He was elected by the State 
Society a deleg£ite to the American Medical Association in 
1870 and again in 1873. He w-as also a delegate to the 
same at its session in Philadelphia, 1S76, from the county 
society. He was for three years Vice-President of the 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 



155 



New Jersey Microscopical Society. He was elected an 
Alderman from the Third Ward of the city, and served two 
years in that body, 1866 and 1867. This is the only politi- 
cal office he has held, all his time that could be spared from 
his professional engagements having been mostly given to 
the various benevolent and religious organizations in the 
city, with many of which he has been identified. He is a 
member of the First Presbyterian Church, and one of its 
elders. He was for three years President of the Young 
Men's Christian Association of New Brunswick, and has 
several times represented it in the International Young Men's 
Christian Association Convention, at the meeting of which 
body in 1875, at Richmond, Virginia, he was elected one 
of its Vice-Presidents. He is a Director in the Union and 
also New Brunswick Building Loan Associations. He was 
married, September 14th, 1870, to Susie C, daughter of 
Harrison Blake, for many years a prominent lawyer of Cum- 
berland county, Maine, now resident at New Brunswick. 



•ACKSON JOHN P., late Vice-President and Su- 
perintendent of the New Jersey Railroad and 
Transportation Company, was born, 1S05, in 
New Jersey. He was educated for the bar, and 
held a high position in the legal profession. He 
was on two several occasions elected to the State 
Legislature, and was twice elected Clerk of the County of 
Essex, a very lucrative office. After his election by the 
Directors of the New Jersey Railroad as the Superintend- 
ent of the Company, he abandoned all participation in the 
pursuits of political life, and devoted all his energies and 
thoughts to its service. He was connected with the com- 
pany from its very organization until the close of his life. 
He was distinguished for his benevolence and charity, as 
well as for integrity of character and honesty of purpose. 
He died at Newark, December loth, 1S61. 



Kf^OB, ARCHIBALD F., President of the Central 
J;, J| National Bank of Hightstown, New Jersey, was 
p'^ljl born in that town, March 15th, 1S31, and is the 
^Cy^ son of the late Richard M. and Mary F. (Wilson) 
^[^ Job, both of whom were also natives of New 
Jersey. He is a great-grandson of Peter Job, an 
officer in the war of the Revolution, who was a participant 
in the battle of Princeton, and was taken prisoner by the 
British there, but managed to effect his escape on his horse, 
and reached his home near Cranberi-y ; and thence returned 
to the American forces. He was afterwards present at the 
battle of Monmouth, where he was an aide-de-camp on the 
staff of General Washington. He returned home after the 
close of the war and lived many years. Richard M. Job, 



father of Archibald, was for many years a prominent miller 
at Hightstown ; the latter part of his life was devoted to 
agricultural pursuits ; he died Oi-tobor 26lh, 1S74. Archi- 
bald's mother was the daughter of Dr. Enoch Wilson, of 
Hightstown. His rudimentary education was obtained in 
the common schools of the district, but he afterwards be- 
came a pupil in the select school of O. R. Willis, in his 
native town. When nineteen years old he left school and 
commenced learning the milling business with his father, 
and three years after, when twenty-two years of age, his 
father associated with him under the firni-name of R. M. 
Job & Son, which they carried on successfully until 1S65, 
when he disposed of his interest in the business and en- 
gaged in agricultural pursuits on the farm where he now re- 
sides. In June, 1872, he was elected President of the Cen- 
tral National Bank of Hightstown, which position he has 
continued to hold until the present time. He was married, 
February 15th, 1854, to Ann Eliza Perrin, who died, Janu- 
ary 5ih, 1S56. He again married, August 17th, 1S65, 
Martha M. Oakley, of Saratoga county, New York, daugh- 
ter of William J. Oakley, of Middletown, in that State. 



ROST, BARTLETT C, Lawyer, of Philipsburg, 
was born, March 17th, 1833, in the town of 
Leeds, Androscoggin county, Maine, and is a son 
of Oliver P. Frost. His family is of English de- 
scent, and was among the early settlers of New 
England. His preliminary education was ob- 
tained in the schools of his' native town, and when he 
reached the age of eighteen years, himself became a teacher, 
which avocation he pursued for some time, and then com- 
pleted his studies at the Maine Wesleyan University. In 
1854 he removed to New Jersey, and recommenced teach- 
ing, first at Clarksville, and afterwards at Springtown. 
Having resolved to devote himself to the profession of the 
law, he entered the law department of the University at 
Albany, New York, and also became a student in the office 
of Peckham & Tremain, and in 1859 was admitted to prac- 
tise at the New York bar. His name having already been 
registered in New Jersey as a student-at-law, he returned 
thither, continued his readings, and in i860 was licensed as 
an attorney in that State. He immediately entered upon 
the practice of his profession at Philipsburg, Warren county, 
and has met with marked success in building up a large and 
lucr.ative business, which extends to all the courts in the 
State ; and for two years was corporation counsel. He is a 
hard student, and manages his cases with marked ability. 
In politics he is a Republican, but in 1872 was a liberal 
Republican and an earnest supporter of Horace Greeley. 
He was married in 1874 to Mary L. Stockton, of Easton, 
Pennsylvania, a lady of accomplishment and highly 
esteemed. 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENXYCLOP.EDIA. 



THERTON, GEORGE P., Professor of Histoiy, 
Political Economy and Constitutional Law in 
Rutgers College, New Brunswick, was born, June 
20th, 1837, in the town of Boxford, Essex county, 
Massachusetts, of New England parentage. His 
father died when he was but twelve years of age, 
leaving his family in straitened circumstances, and young 
Alherton obtained work in a cotton-mill, whereby he earned 
a living for himself, beside affording some support for his 
mother and young sisters. A few years afterwards he was 
employed on a farm, where he continued for several years. 
Meanwhile, when about seventeen years of age, he formed 
a purpose to obtain a college education, and through the 
practice of much economy and self-denial obtained enough 
means to enable him to attend the village academy during 
the winter, while he labored upon the farm the balance of 
tlie year. By incessant application he gained sufficient 
knowledge to enable himself to become an educator of 
youth, and secured a position in a district school in New 
Hampshire for the usual term of eight weeks. His teaching 
was so successful that when the session was concluded he 
was invited to remain for nine weeks longer, a private sub- 
scription being raised for the purpose. When this extra 
term had ended he had saved sufficient means to enable him 
to enter Phillips Academy, at Exeter, where he pursued the 
studies requisite in entering a college, devoting a portion of 
his time during the winter season in teaching district schools. 
After thus obtaining his preparatory education, he was ap- 
pointed a teacher in the celebrated Albany Academy, where 
he taught with great acceptance for eighteen months, and 
thus secured means enough to enter college. He matricu- 
lated in Yale College, Nev* Haven, in i860, becoming a 
member of the sophomore class, and continued through that 
year and a part of the junior year. During that period the 
<rreat rebellion had broken out which threatened to destroy 
the Union, and he felt it to be his duty to be one of the de- 
fenders of the flag and of the country. Having explained 
his purpose to President Woolsey, of Yale, the latter ap- 
proved of his patriotic course, and consented to his with- 
drawal from college for a season. He also wrote him an 
introductory letter to Governor Buckingham, of Connecticut, 
and the latter, after making proper inquiry, gave him a 
Lieutenant's commission in the loth Regiment Connecticut 
Volunteers. His regiment was assigned to the celebrated 
Burnside expedition against the rebel positions in North 
Carolina, and did valiant service in the battles of Roanoke 
Island, Newbern, etc., in which engagements he participated 
and commanded the company in the absence of the captain. 
Immediately after the battle of Newbern he was promoted 
to the rank of Captain, and served in that capacity for several 
months, his regiment being engaged only in camp and picket 
duty during that time. Finding that there was no prospect 
of active service, he resigned and returned to college. In 
December, 1S62, his regiment was ordered to join the expe- 
dition against Charleston, and he again joined his old regi- 



ment ; the Governor of Connecticut, at the written request 
of the field and line officers, recommissioned him as First 
Lieutenant and then as Captain, in which capacity he again 
entered into the arduous duty of aimy life and the swamps 
surrounding the cradle of the rebellion. The malarial fever 
in time prostrated him, which was followed in turn by the 
typhoid, and so prostrated his otherwise vigorous constitu- 
tion that, in accordance with the advice of his physicians, 
he was again compelled to resign from the army, much 
against his wishes. Returning to the North, he recuperated 
sufficiently to enable him to resume his studies once more, 
and graduated at Yale College. He was afterwards ap- 
pointed a professor in the Albany Academy, where he 
remained for three years, and then accepted a professorship 
in St. John's College, Annapolis, Maryland. He passed 
about eighteen months in that institution, when he accepted 
a call to the State University, at Champaign, Illinois, where 
he also filled the chair as professor. In 1S68, through the 
influence of Professor David Murray, who had made his 
acquaintance at the .\lbany Academy, and knew his capacity 
as an instructor, he was invited to become a professor in 
Rutgers College, New Brunswick. After much persuasion 
on the part of his Eastern friends and opposition from his 
Western associates, he finally accepted the position in 
Rutgers as Professor of History, Political Economy and 
Constitutional Law. This was a new chair in the institu- 
tion, and it is almost needless to say that he has filled it 
to the entire satisfaction of the trustees, faculty and students 
of the college. He has not only performed the duties in- 
cident to that particular chair, but has been active in all 
that pertains to the welfare of the institution. He has been 
repeatedly invited to return to institutions with which he 
has formerly been connected, besides being offered the 
Presidency of the Howard and one or more other universi- 
ties, all of which he has declined, as the duties of his present 
position are congenial to his mind, besides being otherwise 
satisfactory to him. In the year 1875 charges of fraud were 
made in regard to the administration of affairs at the Red 
Cloud Indian Agency, in Dakota, and three commissioners 
were appointed by President Grant and three others by the 
Board of Indian Commissioners to investigate matters. 
Several distinguished men of both political parties were 
members of this commission, and among them was Pro- 
fessor Atherton. The commission paid a person.il visit to 
the Red Cloud Agency, and several posts in the North- 
west which had transactions with it, and made a thorough 
investigation of all matters connected therewith. A full 
and exhaustive report, accompanied by the sworn testimony 
taken in the case, was made and published, filling a large 
volume. The commission found various abuses existing, 
which they detailed, and pointed out by name the persons 
who were incompetent and guilty, and recommended their 
discharge from the government service. Some of the more 
serious were not found to be substantiated by the facts, and 
corresponding recommendations were made. The report 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 



157 



was laid before the Forty-fourth Congress, at its first session, 
for examination, and Hon. C. J. Faulkner, of Virginia, a 
member of the opposition, and one of the commissioners, 
went before the Committee on Indian Affairs and chal- 
lenged them to go over the work again. The labors of the 
commission and the report cannot be assailed, as no other 
commission can go over the work again without arriving at 
the same conclusions. A large portion of the labor of this 
commission was performed by Professor Atherton, and the 
result arrived at as well as the report itself are a sufficient 
proof of his capabilities and his entire fairness. In all edu- 
cational matters outside of his college he has been an 
earnest and active laborer. He is a member of several 
educational societies, national and State; has participated 
in several prominent discussions, and has delivered several 
addresses of great interest and value. He has likewise 
bestowed much attention on common school matters, and is 
a warm supporter of the common school system of New 
Jersey, thereby sympathizing with the masses in all that con- 
cerns their welfare. .Since his residence in New Brunswick 
he has been active in every good work that has enlisted the 
sympathies of the citizens, and is universally respected by 
all classes of his fellow-townsmen. In the autumn of 1876 
he was nominated by the Republican party of the Third 
Congressional District as their candidate for Representative 
in the popular branch of the Federal Legislature, and was 
unanimously indorsed not only liy the partisan press of the 
district but by other journals in distant p.arts of the country 
where he had resided. It is a matter of regret that so able 
a man should have been defeated in the election of No- 
vemlier, 1876, and, aside from partisan views, that one so 
thoroughly competent for the position should have lost the 
battle. 



;ARKER, CHARLES G., Brigadier-General, was 
born at Swedesboro, Gloucester county, New 
Jersey, in 1835. At an early age he was left an 
orphan, his father and mother following each 
other to the grave at a short interval. Some of 
the friends of the family and a few influential 
gentlemen took the lad's case in hand and obtained for him 
an appointment to a vacancy in West Point Military Acad- 
emy. In this institution he remained for four years, being 
graduated with distinction in 1858. The class of that year 
was examined by a Board of Visitors, of which General 
Robert Anderson was a member. That distinguished officer 
was much attracted by the bearing and attainments of young 
Harker, and declared him to be a model of a soldier, and 
one who would distinguish himself should opportunity offer. 
He entered the United St.ates army as a Brevet Second 
Lieutenant of the 2d Infantiy, July 1st, 1858, and on August 
15th of the same year was promoted to a full Second Lieu- 
tenancy. At that time the regiment was engaged on frontier 
duty ; he at once joined it, and served in the command until 



the summer of 1S61. Then he was detailed for special 
duly at a school of instruction for volunteers in Ohio. So 
well did he acquit himself in this sphere that he was offered 
the Colonelcy of the 6sth Ohio Regiment, and the per- 
mission necessary for its acceptance was given by the Secre- 
tary of War. About the same time he was promoted to 
be Captain in the regular army. On assuming command 
of the 65th he joined General Buell's Army of the Ohio, 
and assisted in constructing the military road in eastern 
Kentucky; participated in the battle of Shiloh and siege 
of Corinth, and commanded a brigade of the force that 
drove Bragg beyond the boundaries of Kentucky. Subse- 
quently, with his brigade, he was attached to General Rose- 
crans' Army of the Cumberland, and distinguished himself 
so remarkably at the battle of Stone River that his superior 
officer recommended his promotion to a Brigadier-General- 
ship; this recommendation was, however, not then complied 
with. At the close of the campaign he was granted leave 
of absence for twenty days, and devoted this period of rest 
to a visit to his home in New Jersey. To his friends he 
expressed an earnest desire to take service with the troops 
of his native State, of whose achievements on behalf of the 
national cause in the field and in the council chamber he 
displayed great pride. He would not consent, however, 
that any efforts should be put forth by his fjiends to have 
him promoted and transferred, preferring to sink his per- 
sonal wishes and to do his duty cheerfully in whatever 
position he might be em]iloyed. His short leave, and it was 
the only one he obtained during the war, expired, he re- 
joined his brigade, assuming command as ranking Colonel, 
and participated in all the operations of the Tennessee cam- 
paign. At Chickamauga he made himself a brilliant record 
under General Thomas, and received credit as largely 
instrumental with that officer in saving the army. At the 
critical moment of the conflict his command, sustained in 
magnificent morale by his coolness and soldierly bearing, 
stood immovable, and repelled, though with heavy loss, 
every assault of the enemy. The qualities displayed by the 
young comm.ander in this battle are described by an eye- 
witness as of the veiy highest order, as positively heroic. 
While he did not spare himself in the slightest degree, and 
had two horses shot under him, he escaped all personal in- 
juiy, seeming to bear a charmed life. Upon this engage- 
ment followed a second and far stronger recommendation 
for his promotion, and this time the voice of his superior 
officers could not be disregarded, he received his commis- 
sion as Brigadier, to date from the battle of Chickamauga. 
He was engaged in the battles of Mission Ridge and 
Resaca, on May 7th and I4lh respectively, and in each he 
had a horse shot under him and sustained slight wounds. 
Writing to a friend after the latter fight, while on the march, 
near Kingston, Georgia, May 22d, 1864, he says: " Vou 
are aware that the great Southwestern campaign under 
General Sherman is in progress. Thus far we have had 
several quite severe engagements, in which we have been 



iSS 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 



entirely victorious. In the battle of Resaca, on the 14th 
instant, I was wounded, though not dangerously. I was 
struck on the leg by a shell, which exploded immediately 
after passing me, wounding General Manson and killing 
my own horee and that of one of my orderlies. It was quite 
a narrow escape for me. My leg, though slightly cut and 
painfully bruised, is doing well. I did not leave the field, 
though unable to exercise full command, for about thirty- 
six hours. You and my family will be glad to learn that I 
can walk and ride very well now. I am able to discharge 
all my duties, and hope to be able to conduct my brave 
little command, which has so nobly stood by me in so many 
severe engagements, through the great struggle, or perhaps 
series of struggles, which will doubtless ensue before the 
fall of Atlanta. The result of the great battle before us 
cannot be doubted, though all of us cannot hope to witness 
the great triumph which must crown the efforts of our mag- 
nificent army." These l.-ist words would seem almost to 
have come to his mind in premonition of his own fate, so 
soon after did he fall while in the full tide of effort to pro- 
mote the great triumph of which he then wrote. On June 
27lh, 1864, General Sherm.an's army assaulted the position 
of the enemy on Kenesaw mountain ; General Harker com- 
manded a leading column in the assault, and, while other 
generals were mostly dismounted, bestrode his charger, the 
better to manage his force. Advancing under the full range 
of the rebel fire, he became an especial target for the sharp- 
shooters. All heedless of this danger, he rode gallantly 
hither and thither stimulating his men, until mortally 
wounded. He was carried to the rear, and soon expired, 
his last words being: "Have we taken the mountain?" 
Later on, his body was removed to New Jersey and buried 
in the neighborhood where he p.assed his early life. Of 
truly noble personal character, and possessed of a courage 
and gallantry springing from a rare sense of duty and love 
of country, he was also a soldier of the highest skill and 
ability. He was much beloved by his associates and the 
men of his command, over whom he exerted a powerful 
influence for good. 



I ILLIAMSON, NICHOLAS, A. M., U. D., Physi- 
cian, of New Brunswick, was bom, March gth, 
1S45, in 'lie city of New York, and is a son of 
Nicholas and Mary R. (Burlock) Williamson. 
His father was a native of the State of New York, 
and for many years was president of the Novelty 
Rubber Company, of New Brunswick; his mother was 
born in the island of St. Croix, West Indies. He was pre- 
pared at the select school of Professor Gustavus Fischer, in 
New Brunswick, for Rutgers College, which he entered in 
June, 1862. But in the autumn of that year he removed to 
New York, and became a clerk in the Novelty Rubber 
Company. At the end of three years he was elected the 
Secretary of the company, which position he still holds. 



In 1S69 he commenced his medical studies in New Bruns- 
wick under the preceptorship of Dr. H. R. Baldwin, and 
attended one course of lectures at the New York University, 
and subsequently two complete courses at the College of 
Physicians and Surgeons in that city, receiving a degree 
from the university in 1871, and his diploma from the Col- 
lege of Physicians and Surgeons in 1872. He commenced 
the practice of medicine with his preceptor. Dr. Baldwin, 
in May, 1871, with whom he was associated for five years. 
He is a member of the Middlesex County Medical Society, 
and was its President in 1876. During the same year he 
was the delegate from that body to the New Jersey State 
Medical Society. In May, 1S75, ^^ '^^^ appointed City 
Physician, and reappointed in 1876. He was married, April 
9th, 1S74, to .Sarah, daughter of Professor George H. Cook, 
State Geologist. 

V 

ALBACII, EDWARD, Sr., Refiner of Precious 
Metals, of Newark, was born in Baden, Ger- 
many, March iglh, 1S04. His early studies 
1^ p^ embraced chemistry, for which he evinced a 
_T^ special fondness, and on growing to manhood 
he became a refiner of precious metals. This 
business he prosecuted with moderate success in his native 
city for a number of years, but the control exercised by 
European governments over the refinement of ores Iram- 
melled the business and prevented its being largely 
extended. Moreover, Edward Balbach was strongly repub- 
lican in his views and principles, and for a long time enter- 
tained the thought of removing to America. In 1848, 
when he was forty-four years of age, this idea became a 
fixed purpose, and he came to this countiy on a prospecting 
tour. He was not influenced by the wild stories of great 
gold discoveries in California, which were beginning to be 
heard ; he thought only of transplanting his business just as 
he had conducted it at home. With this purpose in view, 
he was more favorably impressed with Newark, New Jersey, 
than any other place he visited. Newark was then a city 
of 35,000 inhabitants, and the manufacture of jewelry was 
a leading interest. The " sweepings " of the jewelry estab- 
lishments he ascertained were purchased by speculators, 
who sent them to Europe to be smelted. The smelting of 
these sweepings would be a largely remunerative business ; 
he could purchase property cheaply in Newark ; the city 
itself was practically, for his business, a suburb of New York, 
and it was also convenient to the trade of Philadelphia and 
Baltimore; and, moreover, the Newark manufacturers 
would gladly welcome a skilled and reliable man among 
them, who would rescue them from the spoiling of the specu- 
lators. He determined to locate himself in Newark, but 
hardly had he so decided when he received news that his 
brother and his brother's wife h.ad both fallen victims to an 
epidemic, leaving eight orphan children. With character- 
istic generosity, he at once returned to Europe and adopted 



BIOGRAPHICAL EN'CVCLOF.EDIA. 



'39 



these eight chiUlren as his own. Having done this he 
came back to Newark, and there, in 1850, erected the first 
building of what are now the extensive smelting works that 
have become so famous. He commenced the smelting of 
jewelers' sweepings. His was the only establishment of 
the kind in the country; he speedily won the confidence of 
the trade, and his business grew with great rapidity. His 
reputation extended, and he received consignments from 
New York, Philadelphia and other cities. His machinery 
and buildings had to be increased. Then other demands 
were made upon his skill and resources; lead from a new 
mine in New York, and from an old mine reopened in Penn- 
sylvania was sent to him to be smelted. His reputation 
extended to foreign lands, and in 1861 he received a con- 
signment of silver-bearing lead from Mexico. This estab- 
lished a connection which still continues. The treating of 
these silver-bearing leads involved the necessity for a more 
rapid process of desilverizing or separating the silver from 
the base metals. This new process was devised by Edward* 
Halbach, Jr., a young man of twenty-one, who had long 
been employed in his father's establishment, and who was 
at once admitted to partnership. The new process was 
patented in 1864, and soon became universally known as 
" lialbach's desilverizing process." It speedily came into 
general use, and yielded large revenues. The discovery of 
the great Nevada mine brought so great an increase of busi- 
ness to the Newark establishment that new wharves for the 
storage of coal and the shipment of products, and new build- 
ings and furnaces for the treatment of ores, were required , 
these wants were jironiplly met, and since that time the fires 
of the great estab'ishment have never been permitted to die 
out by day or night. Much of the silver ore which comes 
to Newark is what is known as " refractory," or " base 
metal," that is, carrying too large a quantity of lead to be 
amalgamated with quicksilver. This is melted into pig- 
metal, and from these pigs of base metal Messrs. Balbach & 
Son extract gold, silver, copper, antimony, nickel and other 
substances, until there is nothing left but slag and ashes. 
Vast shipments have been made to the firm through the 
agency of the Bank of California, and great consignments 
have come from the mines of Nevada, Utah, Colorado, 
Montana, Idaho, Arizona and Lower California. Fre- 
quently also shipments are received from Mexico and South 
America. Some of these latter ores are very rich, and one 
lot of five tons from Mexico yielded 29,000 ounces of silver, 
or more than S6000 to the ton. The Canadian " Silver 
Islet" mine, of Lake Superior, has sent a great deal of ore 
to the establishment. The firm also receive large amounts 
of crude silver bars for separation, as this is the only private 
concern in the country where this work is done. In short, 
Messrs. Balbach & Son do the same close work as the 
government mints and assay offices, and much that the latter 
have not the facilities for doing. \Vithin the last two or 
three years a new business has been opened up here, buing 
the preparation of that perfectly pure lead used in the manu- 



facture of white-lead. Heretofore this has all been imported 
from Europe. During the year ending October 1st, 1S75, 
the total value of the products turned out by Messrs. ISal- 
bach & .Son was §2,890,931.26. For the fiscal year ending 
June 30th, 1S75, the total amount of domestic gold and 
silver deposited at the Philadelphia Mint was $2,123,711.39. 
The private smelting establishment has surpassed the parent 
mint of the government ; and notwithstanding all these 
grand operations, the firm continue to work as faithfully as 
ever at the sweepings of the jewelrj' establishments. It is need- 
less to speak of the absolute and unblemished integrity with 
which the business of the house is conducted. Without the 
perfect and unquestioning confidence which such integrity 
inspires their business would be an impossibility. As it is, 
the bare of silver and gold bearing their stamp pass as cur- 
rent upon Wall street as those of the mint. Edward Bal- 
bach, Sr., although he has passed the limit of three-score 
years and ten, is still an active and energetic man, with the 
prospect before him of being permitted to give still more 
years of attention to the great business which his enterprise 
founded and his prudent care and skill developed. 



JAI.BACH, EnWARP. ]k.. Chemist, Inventor and 
Refiner of Precious Metals, of Newark, was born 
in 1842. He is of German birth and parentage, 
his father, Edward Balbach, Sr., being a nalive 
of Baden. He was an earnest scientific student 
in his youth, and by the time he had reached the 
a"e of twenty-one he was an accomplished chemist. He 
was employed in his father's smelting works in Newark, 
and about the time mentioned large quantities of silver- 
bearing lead were being sent to the works to have the pre- 
cious metal separated from the base. This process by the 
old methods was a slow, tedious and wasteful one, and he 
commenced a series of elaborate experiments to devise some 
process in which these objections should disappear. The 
result was a most valuable invention, known as " Balbach's 
desilverizing process," which has come into universal use 
and has brought rich revenues and a world-wide reputation 
to the house of Balbach & Son. Under the old process 
the whole volume of lead containing gold or silver had to 
be " cupelled," or oxidized into " litharge," a slow and 
laborious work, involving great loss of lead. By the new 
process the lead containing the precious metals is first 
melted with a sufiicient quantity of zinc to take up the gold 
or silver present, those metals having a greater affinity for 
zinc than for lead. The melted mass is then poured into 
moulds of proper size and allowed to cool. These prepared 
masses are then placed in a furnace with an inclined hearth, 
and heated to a degree just sufficient to melt the lead with- 
out melting the other metals, the melted lead being drawn 
off into kettles. This lead contains no particle of gold or 
silver, although it still bears traces of zinc, and must b« still 



i6o 



BIOGRAPPIICAL ENXYCLOr.-EDIA. 



further treated before it becomes pure lead. The mass re- 
maining in the furnace consists of zinc, gold and silver, 
with a small portion of lead remaining. The mass is placed 
in black-lead retorts, and freed from zinc by distillation. 
This leaves again a mass of lead, gold and silver, but the 
precious metals which were before distributed throughout a 
ton of lead are now distributed through only sixty pounds. 
To this mass of sixty pounds of base metal the old process 
of cupelling is now applied, and the pure gold and silver 
obtained. Through this process the establishment of 
Messrs. Balbach & Son is enabled to smelt twenty-five tons 
of ore in one day, and to desilverize seventy-five tons of 
bullion. Edward Balbach, Jr., is still a young man. He 
has fine natural endowments, and by culture and experience 
is thoroughly qualified to achieve even greater scientific re- 
sults than he has yet done. 



.VVLOR, OTIINIEL HART, M. D., Physician, 
late of Camden, was a native of Philadelphia, in 
which city he was born, M.ay 4th, 1S03. He was 
of English ancestry, both his parents, William 
Taylor, Jr., and M^ry E. Gazzam, being natives 
of Cambridge, England. .They removed to 
America in 1793 and settled in Philadelphia, where for 
more than forty years William Taylor'was engaged in ex- 
tensive mercantile business* In his early years Othniel 
Taylor attended elementary schools _in' Philadelphia and 
Holmesburgh, Pennsylvania, and in Baskingridge, New Jer- 
sey. He studied earnestly and effectively, and made rapid 
progress. In the year 1818 he entered the literary depart- 
ment of the University of Pennsylvania, and there pursued 
the more advanced studies of a general education. He had 
decided upon entering the medical profession, and in the 
year 1820 he became a student in the office of "Thomas T. 
Hewson, M. D., the distinguished physician and'surgeon! 
At the same time that he was pursuing his studies in Dr. 
Hewson's office, he received a course of instruction in the 
medical department of the University of Pennsylvania. He 
completed his university studies in the year 1S25, and 
graduated with the class of that year. After graduating he 
at once entered upon the practice of his profession in the 
city of Philadelphia. He brought to the work he had 
chosen a combination of qualifications as valuable as rare. 
He was energetic and patient ; he was progressive and'pru- 
dent ; he worked ceaselessly, and always had leisure to 
meet the necessities of others ; he studied continuously and 
practised cautiously ; he had much knowledge and so much 
modesty that his knowledge was never obtruded. Such a 
combination in the long run makes success, and success 
came to him. Soon after he entered upon the practice of 
his profession, he was appointed one of the physicians of 
the City Dispensai-y, in which capacity he served many 
years. About the same time he was elected out-door phy- 



sician to the Pennsylvania Hospital, a position which he 
held for a term of eight years. In the year lSj2 the 
Asiatic cholera made its first appearance on this continent, 
and it afforded him a signal opportunity to show his quali- 
ties, not only as a medical practitioner, but as a man. He 
distinguished himself by volunteering to serve in the city 
hospitals which the municipal authorities established to meet 
the emergency, and at the same time he acted as one of the 
committee of physicians appointed by the City Councils as 
consulting physicians to their sanitary board. The hospital 
specially in his charge was the St. Augustine Hospital, on. 
Crown street, and the number of cholera patients reported 
by him as under treatment in that hospital was five hundred 
and twelve. He had also been elected as one of a commis- 
sion of medical men who were sent to Montreal to study the 
character and treatment of cholera on its outbreak in that 
city, and before its appearance in our own cities ; but being 
unable to accompany the commission, he declined in favor 
of Dr. Charles D. Meigs. When the hospitals were closed, 
after the disappearance of the cholera, he with seven other 
physicians, who had also been in charge of cholera hospitals, 
received, by vote of the City Councils, a testimonial for the 
services rendered the city, each being presented with a ser- 
vice of silver, the inscription testifying that the gift was 
bestowed " as a token of regard for intrepid and disinter- 
ested services." In the meantime Dr. Taylor had attained 
a veiy extended private practice and achieved recognition 
as a man already eminent in his profession. His arduous 
and unceasing labors told inevitably upon his health, and at 
length, in "the year '1838, in consequence of impaired 
strength, he temporarily relinquished the practice of his 
profession, and removed from Philadelphia to Fontaintown, 
Pennsylvania. He remained there until 1841, when he re- 
moved to Caldwell, Essex county. New Jersey, and in 1844 
he 'took up his residence in Camden. In the meantime he 
had resumed practice with the recovery of his strength, and 
in Camden his medical career was, from the first, one of 
great success and distinction, and he very soon possessed a 
very large share of the practice of the city and vicinity. 
He continued actively engaged in the work of his profes- 
sion until about a year before his death, when, ow-ing to his 
rapidly failing strength, he was obliged to relinquish his 
practice entirely.' His fatal illness commenced with a se- 
vere attack of pneumonia early in the winter of 1864. The 
effects of this attack were manifested in a rapidly developed 
disease of the lungs, which resisted all efforts to check it, 
and resulted in his death, .September 5th, 1869. Added to 
his eminent qualities as a professional man, Dr. Taylor 
possessed rare personal characteristics which won for him 
not onlv the respect and esteem, but the warm affection of 
all who came within his acquaintance. He was for many 
years a member of the Protestant Episcopal Church in 
Camden, and was known as a consistent Christian gentle- 
man. Beside the regular routine work of his practice, his 
general labors in the line of his profession were various 





^s^ 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.^DIA. 



i6i 



and exacting. He was an active member of the Camden 
County Medical Society from the time of its organization ; 
acted as Vice-President of the body through many succes- 
sive terms, and prepared and delivered numerous addresses 
before the society. In 1S52 he was the President of the 
Slate Medical Society, and consequently a Fellow of the 
same till his death. Moreover he was the author of many 
exhaustive treatises oa medical subjects, puljlished in 
various leading medical periodicals. In 1832, the year in 
which he so distinguished himself during the cholera visita- 
tion. Dr. Taylor married Evelina C. Eurrough, of Glouces- 
ter county. New Jersey. 



; INSEV, CHARLES, Lawyer, of Burlington, New 
")) Jersey, was a son of Chief-Justice Kinsey. He 
studied law with William Griffith, Esq., at said 
^ pQ place, and after being admitted to the bar by the 
"''"'f- Supreme Court, opened his office there and con- 
tinued to practise his profession until he was ap- 
pointed Surrogate of the County of Burlington, when he 
removed to the county-town. Mount Holly. After his term 
of office expired he returned to Burlingtbn, resuming pr.ac- 
tice there until he died. He was a conscientious, well- 
read lawyer, and was noted for the purity of his life and 
character. 



• ESICK, REV. JOHN F., D. D., of Somerville, was 
born in the State of New York, June 28th, 1813, 
and when he was about two years of age his father 
removed to Catskill. The Mesick family are of 
old German origin, the first of the name having 
settled in the town of Claverac in 1719. The 
father of John Mesick was Peter Mesick, a merchant. At a 
proper age John attended the classical academy at Catskill, 
his teacher .being the Rev. Carlos Smith, an eminent 
Greek and Latin scholar. In 1831 he became a communi- 
cant of the Reformed Dutch Church at Catskill, then under 
charge of the Rev. Dr. Wykoff; during the same year he 
entered Rutgers College, graduating with the class of 1S34, 
and numbering among his classmates Dr. Chambers, of 
New York. Immediately after leaving college he entered 
the theological seminary, where he was graduated July 
5tli, 1S37. The .same year he was ordained and in- 
stalled pastor of the Reformed Dutch Church of Rochester, 
New York, remaining there until December 17th, 1840, 
when he became pastor of the German Reformed Salem 
Church, of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. In 1855 he accepted 
a call to the Second Reformed Church of .Somerville, New 
Jersey, of which he took ministerial charge February 15th 
of the same year, and where he still officiates. Under his 
efficient leadership this church h.is greatly prospered, hav- 



ing almost doubled its membership, built a ch.apel, and en- 
larged the church edifice at a cost of several thousand dol- 
lars. He was married, .September 5th, 1S39, to Jane 
Perrine, daughter of Dr. William Perrine, of Pliiladelphia. 
His ehlest son, William, is a graduate of Rutgers and is 
practising law in Philadelphia; he was first admitted tu ihe 
New Jersey bar, and afterward prepared himself with Ib'ii. 
F. C. Brewster for the Pennsylvania bar. 






OOPER, REDMAN, Merchant and Impnrler. 
was born, January 1st, 1818, at Mantua Creek, 
about four miles below Woodbury, New Jersey. 
^ ,-^-, He is of the seventh generation, in line, from 
g^'J English ancestors, William and Margaret Cooper, 
of Coleshill, | ari.h of Amersh.am, Ilerlh.id 
county, England, who came to America in 1679. They 
were members of the Society of Friends. A certificate to 
visit and settle in the new world was granted them by their 
Meeting on December 5lh, 1678. After arrival, for a short 
time, they resided in Burlington. In 1682 they removed 
to Pyne Point, now Cooper's Point, so called from William 
Cooper, at one time the largest land-holder in New Jersey, 
owning two miles down the Delaware river, and two miles 
up Cooper's creek, on the south side. Redman is the son 
of D.avid Cooper. He received a fair education in the 
schools at Haddonfield and Woodbury, and improved to 
the ulJnost what advantages were offered. On September 
24th, 1834, he moved to Philadelphia, and obt.ained a p(jsi- 
tion in the store of Isaac Barton & Co., on Second street, 
at that time one of the largest retail stores, of dress good--, 
in the city. Desirous of further knowledge, he gave all 
his spare time to reading. After coming of age he remained 
with Barton & Co., in the capacity of clerk, until 1847, 
when, with a limited capital of about $700, he started in 
business on his own account, purchasing a part of the inter- 
est held by his brother in the firm. In the year 1S51 the 
nature of the business was changed, the house confining it- 
self to shoe-stuffs, upholsterers' and carriage-manufacturers' 
goods, and a few years later dropjiing other branches in 
order to make a specially of shoe-stufi's. On January ist, 
1867, the senior retired from active liusiness, the firm then 
changing to Armstrong, Wdkins & Co. They are now ihe 
largest importers and jobbers of leather and general shoe 
goods in the United States, their sales amounting to from 
one to one and a quarter million of dollars per annum. 
The subject of this sketch is the senior partner of the firm, 
as well as its general financial manager. The extencUd 
operations in which it is constantly engaged, in supplying 
the markets of this country by importations from abro.ad.are 
under his care, and the excellent reputation Avhich it sus- 
tains in European markets, as well as in this countrv, is 
largely owing to the weight of his ])ersona] chnrncler. 
Prior to the consolidation of the city of Philadelphia, he 



1 62 



BIOGRAPHICAL EN'CYCLOP.EDIA. 



resided in what was known as " Chestnut Ward," and in its 
affairs was always active and influential, identifying himself 
with the " Henry Clay Whig" parly. His best efforts were 
ever exerted for the advancement of Philadelphia in growth 
and influence, every movement tending in that direction 
finding in him an earnest upholder and advocate. When 
the question of the city subscribing to the stock of the 
Pennsylvania Railroad arose, he was deeply interested, and 
well understood the importance of supporting the road. 
His political influence was employed in behalf only of 
those pledged to its support, and by the aid of such men as 
he, the road was brought into successful operation. Some 
twenty-five years ago he removed from " Chestnut W'ard," 
and since that date has taken no part in politics except to 
vote for those whom "he thought would best serve the in- 
terests of the community at large. November 1st, 1849, he 
was married to the daughter of Joseph Cowperthwait, for- 
merly cashier in the United States Bank. 



iOWX, ABRAHAM, Lawyer, of Mount Holly, 
iS'ew Jersey, was born at Recklesstown, Burling- 
ton county. His education was acquired at a 
classical school kept many years ago at Borden- 
tovvn by Burgess Allison. After completing his 
education he commenced the study of law, and 
on receiving his license to practise he removed to Mount 
Holly, where he resided until his death. Soon after his 
removal there he was appointed Surrogate of the county, 
which office he held by reappointment for a continuous pe- 
riod of seventeen years. He was a profound lawyer, and a 
wise counsellor, a man of great integrity of character, and 
exercised a widespread influence in his native county. He 
was one of the original Directors of the Camden & Amboy 
Railroad Company, and held the same when he died. 



p 
G° yv4'OWENHOVEN, HON. CHARLES T., Lawyer, 
and ex-Judge, of New Brunswick, was born in 
that city, December 1st, 1844. The family origi- 
nally came from Holland in the latter part of the 
(3~7 '^ sixteenth century, and were people of large pos- 
sessions. His father, Nicholas R. Cowenhoven, 
was born on Long Island, while his mother, Annie Rapple- 
yea, was a native of New Jersey. The advantages of a 
good education were afforded him. At first he attended the 
select schools of New Brunswick; subsequently he entered 
Rutgers College, matriculating in 1S58, and being graduated 
ill 1862. He then began the study of law, having deter- 
mined upon adopting the legal profession. His studies 
were conducted in the office and under the supervision of 
A. V. Schenck, Esq., in New Brunswick. In due course 
he was licensed as an attorney in 1865, and as counsellor in 




June, 1S69. During the last-named year the oflSce of Law 
Judge for the County of Middlesex was created by act of 
the Legislature, and he was appointed to fill the position. 
For a period of five years thereafter he sat upon the bench, 
and discharged the various functions of his ofiice with 
marked ability. Indeed, during that time not a single de- 
cision of the many given was ever appealed. Further tes- 
timony to his quality as a judge is superfluous. This record 
is the more remaikable inasmuch as he was in all probability 
ihe youngest judge who ever sat on the bench in the Stale. 
In this position he was the Presiding Judge of the Court of 
Common Pleas, Orphans' Court, and Court of Quarter Ses- 
sions. At the expiration of his term he relurned to private 
practice, in which he has been very successful. In Decem- 
ber, 1870, he was married to Ella A., daughter of Henry 
ToH le, of New Brunswick. 



OTT, REV. GEORGE SCUDDER, D. D., of 
Flemington, was born, November 25th, 1829, in 
the city of New York, where the family had re- 
sided for several generations. His father was 
Lawrence S. Mott, and his mother's maiden 
name was Vail. One of his ancestoi-s had to flee 
from the city of New York on its occupation by the 
British ; another was killed at the Indian battle of Mini- 
sink. George prepared for college at a private school 
in his native city, entered the sophomore class of the Uni- 
versity of New York in 1847, and graduated in 1S50, taking 
fourth honor. Among his classmates were Vaughn Abbott, 
Esq., of New York city. Prof. H. H. Baird, and the Rev. 
D. Zabriskie, of the Congregational Church. Entering 
Princeton Theological Seminary in the autumn of 1850, 
he graduated in 1853. During the same year he ac- 
cepted a call to the Second Presbyterian Church of 
Rahway, New Jersey, and remained five years. He was 
then called to the Presbyterian Church, at Newton, 
New Jersey, where he continued for nine years. In 1S69 
Dr. Mott removed to Flemington, New Jersey, having con- 
sented to lake charge of the Presbyterian Church of that 
place, and there he still resides. In 1S73 he was elected 
Professor of Sacred Rhetoric in Lincoln University, Penn- 
sylvania, but declined the proffered position. In 1874 
Princeton College conferred on him the degree of D. D. 
He has written several valuable books, among which — pub- 
lished by the American Tract Society — may be named the 
" Perfect Law," which has been translated into Spanish and 
Portuguese; also a tract, " Holding on to Christ " — of this 
over two hundred thousand copies have been printed. The 
Presbyterian Board of Publication has published of his 
works, " The Prodigal Son," and several tracts, viz. : 
" Gaming and Gambling," •* There is no Passing," ** Eat- 
ing and Drinking Unworthily," " Nurse Them at Home." 
A book entitled " Resurrection of the Dead " has been pub- 



EIOGRAPIIICAL ENCVCI.OP.EDIA. 



•Gj 



lished for liiiiiby Randolph. These efforts evince much 
thought and depth of reasoning, and are of a high order of 
literary merit. In 1854 he was married to Isabella, daugh- 
ter of John Acken, Esq., of New Brunswick, New Jer.sey. 
Me is a fervent and zealous pastor, as well as one of the 
ablest workers in the field of didactic Christian literature, 
as may readily be inferred from the practical character of 
the titles of his productions above mentioned. 



IHARO, HON. JO.SEPII W., Merchant and State 
Senalor, late of Tuckerton, was born, March 
I4lh, 1813, in that town, and was a son of the 
late Timothy Pharo, whose biographical sketch 
will be found elsewhere in this volume. He re- 
ceived an excellent education, partly at the cele- 
brated Friends' school at Westtown, Chester county, Penn- 
sylvania, and partly at the equally excellent academy of 
John Gummere, in Burlington, New Jersey. When he was 
nineteen years of age, his father placed him in his store 
devolving the principal care and management of the busi- 
ness upon him. He remained there until 1840, when he 
went to New York city, and entered into the wholesale dry 
goods jobbing business with George Barnes, the firm being 
known for several years as Barnes & Pharo. This business 
soon became a very large one, the sales extensive; and 
during the first ten years of this partnership, the junior mem- 
ber of the house travelled extensively through the Western 
States, chiefly on business connected with the firm. After 
the death of his father, he dissolved his connection with the 
firm in New York, and returning, in the spring of 1S57, to 
his native town, he erected there a commodious and tasteful 
residence, and adorned its surroundings with useful and or- 
namental gardens and shrubbery. He now entered into 
business with his brother, A. R. Pharo, constituting the firm 
of J. & A. R. Pharo, carrying on an extensive general trade 
in stores, mills, lumber, wood, coal, ship-building, agricul- 
ture, etc., etc. They were also largely interested in the 
coasting trade, and probably represented a larger interest in 
coasting vessels than any other family in the State. His 
talents for business were of the highest order. Few men 
possessed the comprehensive grasp of mind to survey so 
readily all the advantages and difficulties bearing upon any 
subject to v;hich his powers were directed, and none per- 
haps arrived more quickly at a judicious and correct con- 
clusion. For this reason his judgment and advice were uni- 
versally sought by the community for several miles around 
his residence, and to all who came to him for this purpose, 
he was the safe, judicious and valuable counsellor, the im- 
partial, just and reliable arbiter. His success in business 
was but the natural consequence of his industry, his appli- 
cation to, and his superior capacity for, it. He seemed to 
find his greatest pleasure in the executive management and 



direction of a large business ; and the accumulation of 
wealth was with him but the result of comuienilalilc employ- 
ment, and not a sordid pursuit. In llie lali uf 1S61 he w.ns 
elected State Senator from Burlington county by a very 
popular vote. His legislative career, though of short dura- 
tion, was promising and satisfactory. He occupied a prom- 
inent position on several important comniiltees, and was one 
of the special committee of the Senate to meet the govern- 
ors of Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Delaw.are. witli a 
joint committee from the Legislature of each of ilit^e 
Siates, to consult relative to the coast defences. His illness 
prevented him from being present at the meeting of this 
committee, much to his regret. He was, in religious 
opinion and belief, a member of the Society of Fricmls; 
having a birthright in that society, and thoroughly educated 
in their principles, he always properly conformed to tlieir 
discipline and worship. He was strictly moral in deeil and 
word, regular, exact and systematic in his habits, scrupu- 
lously neat and particular in his personal appearance, and 
guarded in his language and expression. He embodied in 
a high degree the character of a pure, high-minded gentle- 
man. His education was liberal, his principles sound, 
hisjudgment vigorous, prompt and discriminating, his mind 
was well stored with valuable and diversified information, 
and combined with a calculating, comprehensive business 
tact were high integrity of purpose and honesty of principle. 
His popularity in his neighborhood was universal. To the 
poor, the needy and the destitute, his hand was ever open, 
and his heart ready to respond to the voice of distress. He 
was their charitable donor and their sympathizing benefac- 
tor. To his relatives and intimate acquaintances he was 
the warm hearted, genial and cheerful companion and faith- 
ful friend; and to all around he was the dignified gentle- 
m.in, the generous neighbor, and the honest man. He was 
married in December, 1S39, to Beulah H., a daughter of 
BenjaiTiin Oliphant, of Mannahawkin. He died at his resi- 
dence in Tuckerton, April 16th 1862. 



,MJ^. 



V 



{3 



ANNOX, REV. JAMES SPENCER, D. D.,S. T. 
P., was born in the city of New York, and was 
placed, when a small boy, by his father, in the 
family of Colonel Elias Brevoort, at Hackensatk, 
New Jersey, to be educated. Shortly after this 
his father was lost at .sea in his own vessel, and by 
his death his son was left an orph.in. Colonel Brevooit, 
who was an officer of the Revolution, adopted the child as 
his own, and had him thoroughly educated at the classical 
academy of Dr. Peter Wilson, at Hackensack. At the rge 
of sixteen he united himself to the Reformed Dutch Church, 
at the latter place, and shortly after commenced his theo- 
logical studies under Dr. Jacob Freligh. At the age of 
iwenty-one he was ordained as a minister of said church, 



1 6-1 



EIOGRAnilCAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 



and shortly after, having married one of the daughters of 
Colonel Brevoort, was called to the Dutch Reformed 
Church at Six Mile Run, in Somerset county, near New 
Brunswick, and continued there as the pastor of that large 
congregation, ministering to them with great fidelity and 
acceptance for twenty -five years, until he was elected by 
tlie General Synod of that church to the Professorship of 
Pastoral Theology in their seminary at New Brunswick ; 
here he discharged for thirty years, and until his death, 
which occurred in 1852, not only his duties in this station, 
but also the duties of Professor of Metaphysics and -Phil- 
osophy in Rutgers College, in the same city, to which he 
had been elected by the Trustees of that institution. He 
died, lamented and beloved by all who ever knew him. As 
a teacher he was eminent and successful ; as a preacher he 
was attractive and eloquent ; as a Christian and a man he 
was a model in all respects. After his death his " Lectures 
on Pastoral Theology" were published by Scribner & Co., 
of New York, in a large volume, which is regarded every- 
where as a standard work in this department of theology. 



V 

I ARD, HON. MARCUS L., ex-Governor of New 
Jersey, was born, "November 9th, 1S12, in the 
city of Newark, where his paternal ancestors 
have resided since 1666. The Wards are of 
English slock, and Joyce Ward, widow of Stephen 
Ward, with four children, originally settled in 
Connecticut. Her son, John Ward, was among' the thirty 
families who originally settled the shore of the Passaic, and 
laid, in the present city of Newark, the foundations of a 
prosperous community. His son, of the same name, who 
accompanied his father to the new settlement, was shortly 
after married to Abigail Kitchell, the granddaughter of the 
Rev. Abraham Pierson, the pious and eloquent pastor and 
teacher of the emigrants, in honor of whose birthplace the 
name of Newark was given to the settlement. From this 
stock Governor Ward is descended, and it is not too much 
to say that during seven generations this family h.ave been 
distinguished by the highest qualities of integrity and per- 
sonal honor. In early life Governor Ward entered into 
trade, and soon became connected with the financial insti- 
tutions and public enterprises of the city. Their success 
and wise management have been measurably due to the 
prudence and judgment which such men have uni- 
formly exhibited, and Newark is especially noted for the 
strength of its financial institutions. Slow in growth, until 
a recent period, it has ever maintained some of the charac- 
teristics of its Puritan settlers, and this has been manifested 
in its banks, its insurance companies, its schools, and even 
in its conservative government. During his business life 
Governor Ward gained, and has ever since maintained, that 
reputation for honesty, integrity and prudence which lies at 
the base of his character. This confidence he has retained 



through the passage of years, the virulence of parly warfare, 
and through the strongest test, that of public position and 
administrative responsibility. Governor Ward's political 
associations were with the Whig party, but he was among 
the earliest to recognize the necessity of a stronger organi- 
zation to cuib the growing domination of the South. He 
supported Fremont and Dayton in the Presidential cam- 
paign of 1856, but his attention was not seriously drawn to 
political subjects until the summer of 185S. In that year 
the exciting contest between slavery and freedom called 
him to Kansas, and while there he fully saw and appreci- 
ated the importance of the struggle going on in that terri- 
tory. He gave while there his prudent counsel and hi.^ 
liberal contributions to the Free State party, and on his 
return to New Jeisey he engaged warmly in the work of 
rousing public attention to the pending issue. At a time 
when party spirit was at its height, his representations were 
received with the confidence which his character always 
inspired. He was deeply interested in the political contest 
of the ensuing autumn, and none rejoiced more sincerely 
over the result in New Jersey which secured a United 
States- Senator and an unbroken delegation in the House 
of Representatives against the Lecompton fraud. In i860 
the'growiiig ])blitical influence of Governor Ward began to 
lie felt and acknowledged, and he was unanimously chosen 
a delegate to the -National Republican Convention, the 
proceedings of which culminated' in the nomination of 
AbraTiam Lincoln. In the contest which ensued he bore 
his full pari, and when the result was reached he felt amply 
repaid for all his exertions. He neither challenged nor 
sought to avoid the consequences of that success. When 
the signal was given for that revolt -Hhich had long been 
preparing in the Southern States, it found him ready for 
any services or sacrifices which were necessary to defend 
the right. He w-as neither discouraged by defeats nor un- 
duly elated with transient successes, but his efforts were 
directed to one end, the preservation of the Union. At the 
outbreak of hostilities he led in the call for a public meeting 
to sustain the government. As the struggle increased in 
importance, and drew into the ranks of the patriot army 
regiment after regiment of New Jereey troops, Governor 
Ward saw the absolute necessity of sustaining the families 
of the volunteers during their absence. Alone and unaided 
he devised and carried out that system of relief the advan- 
tages of which were felt in every county of the State. The 
pay of the volunteer was collected at the camp and passed 
over to the wife and children at home; if killed or wounded, 
the pension was secured ; and this continued until after the 
close of the war, without a charge of any nature upon these 
sacred funds. Hundreds and thousands of families were 
preserved from want and suffering by this wise and con- 
siderate .scheme, and of all the means devifed to sustain 
the State none was more potent than this. But his active 
exertions did not tcrniin.ite here. It was through his efforts 
and influ'.-nce wi'ih ihc general government that a hospital 




^>^^<^ x^ 



EIOCRAnilCAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 



I6s 



for sick and wounded soldiers was established in Newark, 
and in view ol his loyal action his name was bestowed upon 
it. " Ward's Hospital " became known as one of the best 
controlled institutions of the kind in the country. His sani- 
tary arrangements were fully appreciated. These constant 
and unwearied services brought Governor Ward into im- 
mediate contact with Mr. Lincoln and his cabinet, by whom 
he was ever regarded as entitled to the highest consider- 
ation. In 1S62, so strongly did his services impress the 
Republicans of the Slate, he was unanimously nominated 
for Governor ; but in the absence of so large a portion of the 
loyal voters, and in the deep depression of that memorable 
year, he was defeated. This did not change his unswerving 
loyalty or affect in any manner his constant and unwearied 
labors for the right. In 1864 he was a delegate at large to 
the National Republican Convention, at Baltimore, which 
renominated Mr. Lincoln, and in the ensuing election he 
was placed on the Republican ticket as a Senatorial elector. 
The close of the war and the defeat of the rebellion was to 
him a source of unmixed gratification, and it brought to him 
a strong personal popularity, evinced upon every occasion. 
As regiment after regiment of the soldiers returned to their 
native State Ihey manifested their appreciation of his loyal 
conduct and services, and even political opponents admitted 
his sincerity and patriotism. This was to him the happiest 
period of his life. In 1865 he again received the Republi- 
can nomination for Governor, and after an unusually excit- 
ing contest he was elected by a large majority. His admin- 
istration was one of the best New Jersey has ever known. 
His executive ability was fully demonstrated, and his hon- 
esty and fidelity were unquestioned. , Every department of 
the public service, so far as his influence could reach it, was 
economically and faithfully administered. The laws passed 
by the Legislature were carefully scanned, and pardons for 
criminal offences were granted only when mercy could be 
safely united with justice. To his administration New 
Jersey was deeply indebted for many important measures 
affecting the interests of the Slate. The present Public 
School act was passed upon his strong and urgent repre- 
sentations, and its advantages h.ave been felt in the increased 
educational facilities of the State, and the more thorough 
character and development of its schools. The riparian 
rights of Ihe State were called by him to the attention of the 
Legislature, and a commission secured through which its 
large and valuable interests have been protected. His con- 
stant and persistent representations to the Legislature, in 
his various messages, of the mismanagement of the State 
prison under all political parties, contiibuted largely to the 
passage of an act removing it, as far as possible, from par- 
tisan government, and the result has been large savings to 
the State. Various other public acts and measures, having 
an important bearing upon the growth and well-being of the 
Slate, w-ere urged and sustained by him, and whenever 
adopted they were found to have Increased its prosperity 
and development. The close of his administration found 



him stronger than ever in the confidence of the people of 
the State he had so worthily served. In 1S64 Governor 
Ward was placed upon the National Republican Commit- 
tee, and in 1S66 he was chosen Chairman. In this capacity 
he made the preliminary arrangements for the convention, 
in 1S68, which nominated General Grant. He took a de- 
cided part in the campaign wdiich followed, and his services 
and eflorts were fully acknowledged. During the few suc- 
ceeding years Governor Ward lived in comparative retire- 
ment, but was frequently called to duties of a public char- 
acter. He was the first President of the Newark Industrial 
Exposition, and by his efforts contributed largely to its 
success. The " Soldiers' Home," at Newark, was origin- 
ally established through his exertions, and as one of its 
managers he has given it to the present hour his constant 
and unwearied service. It was the first, as it is now the 
only. State institution of the kind. It seemed natural and 
proper that the man who during the war had jjrotecled the 
interests and families of the loyal soldier, who had provided 
him wiih the care and attendance of a hospital when sick 
and wounded, should, when the war was over, still secure 
him, crippled and maimed, the comforts of a "soldiers' 
home." During the Presidential campaign of 1872 Gover- 
nor Ward was nominated for Congress from the Sixtli Dis- 
trict of New Jersey, and was elected by over 5,000 majority. 
Upon taking his seat in the House of Representatives he 
was recognized as one of its most valuable members. He 
was placed on the Committee on Foreign Relations, and on 
the few occasions on which he addressed the house he 
commanded attention by the clearness of his reasoning and 
the thorough honesty of his convictions. In 1874 Governor 
Ward was unanimously renominated for Congress by the 
Republicans of his di.trict, but the condition of the country 
was unfavorable for success. Financial disaster disturbetl 
all the marts of trade, and the large manufacturing district 
he represented was most severely affected. Thousands of 
laborers were unemployed, and the hope that a political 
change would return prosperity governed their action. The 
tidal wave which swept over the strongest Republican 
States submerged his district also, although, as usual, he 
stood the highest on the Republican ticket. The confidence 
and attachment of Ihe people were never shown more 
clearly than in the regret and disappointment which this 
defeat occasioned. Afler the expiration of his Congres- 
sional term he was tendered by the President the important 
post of Commissioner of Indian Affairs, but it was declined, 
while fully appreciating the compliment thereby conveyed. 
Here this brief record of his life might be closed, but the 
sketch would be imperfect if reference were not made to 
some of the peculiar traits which distinguish him. He Is 
not a politician, in the common view, but he is an earnest 
Republican and a m.an of the most positive convictions. He 
is justly popular among all classes, because respect and at- 
tachment to him are based on his .sterling qualities and 
generous nature. His deeds of considerate charity have 



1 66 



BIOGRAPHICAL EN'CYC^OP.EDIA. 



been as numerous as they have been blessed. Many a 
struggling artist has received from him the generous order 
which did not degrade, and many a home has been 
brightened by blessings secured through him. Few men 
have brought to their public duties the conscientiousness 
which characterizes Governor Ward. Every act is governed 
by that law of justice and of right which will bear the 
closest scrutiny. Popular in the highest and purest sense 
of that term, he will not sacrifice his judgment or his con- 
victions to the caprices of the multitude. He knows how 
to recognize the difference between generosity and a be 
trayal of financial trusts. His manners are engaging, but 
they are the result of the native kindness of heart which 
characterizes him. His charities have frequently been pur 
sued for years, unknown to the world, but he chooses his 
own ways of doing good. When our statesmen shall reach 
preferment because of the qualities which should command 
it; when high principle, personal integrity and unquestioned 
ability are made the basis of public life; when the true shall 
be preferred to the false, and the substantial to the preten 
tious, such men will constitute the real strength of the State. 

J ___ 

; ALDWIN, MATTHIAS W., Locomotive Engine 
builder and founder of the Baldwin Locomotive 
Works, of Philadelphia, was born in Elizabeth- 
town, New Jersey, December loih, 1795. His 
father, William Baldwin, was a carriage-maker 
by trade, and at his death left his family a com- 
fortable property, which by the mismanagement of the 
executors was nearly all lost. His widow was thus left to 
her own exertions for the maintenance of herself and 
family. To the necessity for economy and self-reliance 
thus imposed, young Baldwin probably owed the first de- 
velopment of his inventive genius. From early childhood 
he exhibited a remarkable fondness for mechanical con- 
trivances. His toys were taken apart and examined, while 
he would produce others far superior in mechanism and 
finish. When sixteen years old he was apprenticed to 
AVoolworth Brothers, jeweliy manufacturers, of Frankford, 
Pennsylvania, and while serving his time he commanded 
the respect and esteem of both his associates and employers. 
Having mastered all the details of the business, thus be- 
coming a finished workman, and having attained his 
majority, he found employment in the establishment of 
Fletcher & Gardiner, Philadelphia, who were extensive 
manufacturers of jewelry. He soon became the most useful 
man in the shop, his work being delicate in finish and his 
designs characterized by great originality and beauty. In 
iSig he commenced business on his own account; but in 
consequence of financial difiicuUies, and the trade becoming 
depressed, he soon abandoned it. His attention was then 
drawn to the invention of machineiy; and one of his first 
efforts in this direction was a machine « hereby the process 



of gold-plating was greatly simplified. He next turned his 
attention to the manufacture of book binders' tools, to su- 
persede those which had been, up to that time, of foreign 
production. He associated himself for this purpose with 
David Mason, a competent machinist, and the enterprise 
was a success. Indeed, so admirable were the quality and 
finish of the tools, especially as they were of an improved 
make, that the book trade was soon rendered independent 
of foreign manufacturers. He next invented the cylinder 
for priming of calicoes, which had always been previously 
done by hand-presses ; and he revolutionized the entire 
business. The manufacture of these printing rollers in- 
creased so greatly that additional accommodations were 
necessary. Here again he eflTected an imjirovement, first 
using horsepower as a substitute for the hand machineiy 
and foot-lathes, which in its turn gave way to steam- 
power. The engine purchased for this purpose not meet- 
ing his wishes, he built one himself, from original drawings 
of his own. This little engine of six-horse power, and oc- 
cupying a space of six square feet, is still in use, driving 
the whole machineiy of the boiler shop in the locomotive 
works on Broad street, Philadelphia. It is over forty years 
old. His genius in this respect being soon recognized, he 
received many orders for the manufacture of stationary 
engines, and they became his most important article of 
manufacture. When the first locomotive engine in America, 
imported by the Camden & Amboy Railroad Company, in 
1830, anived, he examined it carefully and resolved to 
construct one after his own ideas ; and after urgent requests 
from Franklin Peale, the proprietor of the Philadelphia 
Museum, built a miniature engine for exhibition. His only 
guide in this work consisted of a few imperfect sketches of 
the one he had examined, aided by descriptions of those in 
use on the Liverpool & Manchester Railway. He success- 
fully accomplished the task, and on the 25th of April, 1831, 
the miniature locomotive was running over a track in the 
museum rooms, a portion of this track being laid on the 
floors of the transepts, and the balance passing over trestle 
work in the naves of the building. Two small cars, hold- 
ing four persons, were attached to it, and the novelty at- 
tracted immense crowds. The experiment resulting well, 
he received an order to construct a road locomotive for the 
Gerniantown Railroad. He had great difliculty in procur- 
ing the necessary tools and help. The inventor and the 
mechanic worked himself on the greater part of the entire 
engine. It was accomplished, finally, and on its trial trip, 
November 23d, 1832, proved a success. Some imperfec- 
tions existed, but these being remedied, it was accepted by 
the company, and was in use for twenty years thereafter. 
The smoke-stack was originally constructed of the same 
diameter from its junction with the fire-box to the top, 
where it was bent at a right angle and carried back, with 
its opening to the rear of the train. This engine weighed 
five tons, and was sold for $3,500. Two years elapsed 
before he ventured upon building another, as he had seem- 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 



:67 



ingly insurmountable difficulties to encounter; there were 
so many inijjrovements to be made, and the lack of skilled 
labor, and above all of the necessary tools and machinery, 
was so great, that he almost abandoned the work. In 1S34 
he constructed an engine for the South Carolina Railroad, 
and also one for the Pennsylvania State Line, running from 
Philadelphia to Columbia. The latter weighed 17,000 
pounds, and drew at one time nineteen loaded cars. This 
W.1S such an unprecedented performance that the State 
Legislature at once ordered several additional ones, and 
two more were completed and delivered during the same 
year; and he also constrixtjd one for the Philadelphia & 
Trenton Railroad. In 1835 he built fourteen; in 1836, 
forty. Then came the terrible financial panic of 1837, 
which ruined so many houses throughout the land ; he also 
became embarrassed, but calling his creditors together, he 
asked and obtained an extension, and subsequently paid 
every dollar, principal and interest. Mis success was now 
assured, and his works became the largest in the United 
States, perhaps in the world. Engines were shipped to 
every quarter of the globe, even to England, where they 
had been invented — and the name of Baldwin grew as 
familiar as a household word. Pie was one of the 
founders of the Franklin Institute. He w-as an exemplary 
Christian, and of a charitable and benevolent disposition. 
He died, September 7th, 1866. 



RICK, SAMUEL REEVE, Architect and Civil 
Engineer, was horn, November 1st, 1809, in 
\Vood>town, Salem county. New Jersey. He is 
of Quaker parentage; the son of Joseph (Jr.) and 
Eliz.abeth (Smith) Brick, and the fifth in the line 
of descent from John Brick, who as early as 1690 
settled at Cohansey, where he purchased extensive tracts 
of land. For it appears when Joseph Miller resurveyed 
Samuel Demming's large tract of land on Gravelly run or 
the southern branch of Stoe creek (it being the boundary 
line between Salem and Cumberland counties at this time). 
Miller said he was assisted by John Brick and his two sons; 
and that the difficulty they had to contend with proved more 
chargeable than he expected it would be to the proprietor. 
John Brick soon afterwards purchased the whole tract. His 
son, John Brick, Jr., who was the first President Judge of 
Common Pleas of Cumberland county. New Jersey, mar- 
ried, in 1729, Ann Nicholson, of Elsinboro' (who was born 
November 15th, 1707). They commenced life together at 
Cohansey, and had eight children. Previous to his death 
he purchased a large quantity of land lying on the south 
side of AUoway's creek; part of a neck of land, called 
" Beesley neck," he devised to his second son, Joseph. 
John Brick, Jr., died, January 23d, 1758, and his widow 
some twenty years thereafter. Joseph Brick married, first, 
Rebecca Abbott, of Elsmboro', about 1758, and they re- 



sided together for a short time on his property on AUoway's 
creek, when they removed to a farm in Elsinboro', which 
h.ad been left to his wife by her father, Samuel Abbott. 
Their family consisted of two daughters, Anne and Han- 
nah, and one son, Samuel. His first wife died, November 
l6th, 1780, and he afterwards married Martha Reeve, and 
removed to Cohansey creek, where he resided until his 
death. By Martha Reeve he had two sons, named Joseph 
and John Brick ; the eldest son of Joseph married Ann 
Smart, of Elsinboro'. Joseph married Elizabeth, daughter 
of David Smith, a resident of Mannington. He was a 
native of Egg Harbor, and removed from there to Salem 
county when he was at middle age. He was greatly re- 
spected for his uprightness and quiet deportment among 
the people of the neighborhood in which he dwelt. Joseph 
and his wife had five sons, among whom was Samuel 
Reeve. He received his primary education in Salem, and 
subsequently at the school in Mannington. In accordance 
with the custom of those days, he was at the age of fourteen 
years regularly indentured as an apprentice, which was done 
at Philadelphia, to one Robert Evans, a member of the 
Society of Friends, to learn the business of bricklaying, 
and, as customary then, he became an inmate of Friend 
Evans' household. He remained with his preceptor and 
master until he attained his majority, and became a thor- 
ough master of the trade and calling which he had acquired. 
He then carried on the business as master for ten years, 
alter which he commenced to study in the city of Phila- 
delphia the principles of architecture, and also of civil 
engineering. Having given his whole attention to these 
new and important sulijects, and become thoroughly pro- 
ficient in their various details, he commenced the practice 
of his new profession, which he still continues. He has 
paid particular attention to the construction of gas-works, 
and has superintended the erection of many of these im- 
portant improvements in various and distant parts of the 
country, in British America as well as in the United States. 
His labors in this direction may be understood and appre- 
ciated when it is stated that their fruits dot the streets of 
larger and smaller localities of the several Slates of the 
Union, from Maine to Florida. He holds at present the 
position of President of the Richmond County Gas Light 
Company, at Stapletim, New Viirk. He also served for 
three years as a Trustee of the Philadelphia Gas Works. 
His political life commenced as a faithful adherent to the 
doctrines of the Whig party as expounded by the statesman, 
Henry Clay, and he was nominated by that party and 
elected as one of the Commissioners of the (old) District 
nf the Northern Liberties, Philadelphia county. .Since the 
dis'.olution of that parly he has given his adherence to Re- 
pul)lican principles. He is a life-member of the Historical 
Society of Pennsylvania. He was married, March 23d, 
I S3 1, to Esther, daughter of James Gardiner, who was a 
prominent soldier of the war of the Revolution, and has 
had eight children, six of whom are now living. He is 



1 68 



BIOGRAPHICAL EXCYCLOP.EDIA. 



also Consulting Engineer of several works in the United 
States, plis son, Joseph, is in the fifth generation of that 
name. 

t/P/flOLLES, ENOCH, Real Estate Operator, late of 
0^'A \ Newark, was born in Connecticut, in the year 

/„'l I 1779. In his early life he followed the sea for 
(/^ his livelihood. The vessel in which he sailed 

^ '— , was detained in Charleston harbor during the 
embargo, early in this centuiy. Thereupon he 
returned North, and engaged in the shoe business in New- 
ark. Subsequently he was for over forty years principally 
engaged in real estate operations on a gradually increasing 
scale. Through the rapid growth of the city, which he had 
been shrewd enough to foresee, he amassed by these opera- 
tions a large fortune. A very public-spirited man, he took 
a deep interest in municipal affairs, and was active in all 
movements calculated to advance the city's interests. He 
was for a long period on the Town Committee, and was a 
member of the first Common Council of the city, elected in 
1S36. He also served in a similar capacity in the years 
lSj7 and 1840. By his enterprise and active efforts on 
behalf of the community, and his many estimable qualities, 
he won the esteem and regard of a large circle. He lived 
to a good old age, dying in his adopted city on June 29th, 



iARISON, REV. GEORGE HOLCOMBE, M. D., 
Clergyman and Physician, of Lambertville, was 
[S born, January 4th, 1831, in Delaware township, 
,^f; Hunterdon county. New Jersey, and is a son 
r^> of Benjamin Larison, a farmer of that vicinity. 
He passed his boyhood on his father's farm, at- 
tending the district school, where he received his rudi- 
mentary education, arid subsequently became a teacher of 
the same. In 1853 he entered the University of Lewisburg, 
Pennsylvania, from which he subsequently received the 
honorary degree of Master of Arts. Having resolved to 
emlirace the profession of medicine, he commenced his 
studies with Hon. Samuel Lilly, M. D., as preceptor, and 
attended the lectures delivered at the medical department 
of the University of Pennsylvania, from which latter institu- 
tion he graduated in 1858 with the degree of Doctor of 
Medicine. He immediately entered upon the practice of 
his profession at Dolington, Bucks county, Pennsylvania, 
and the following year he removed to Lambertville, New 
Jersey, where he has since resided, and has now the con- 
trol of an extensive and lucrative practice. He is a member 
of the Hunterdon County Medical Society, and was for 
seven years its Secretary. He is also a member of the State 
Medical Society, and was elected its Third Vice-President 
in 1S72; and presided over the one hundred and ninth an- 



nual meeting, held at Atlantic City, May 25th, 1S75, when 
he delivered the annual address. This was a remarkably 
able effort, wherein he re\iewed the healing art and the ad- 
vancement of the profession in a manner that proves not 
only his acquaintance with the classics, but also with the 
sciences. Previous to his being elected President of this 
body he had held the positions of First, Second and Third 
Vice-President before he was chosen President of that body. 
While he was its Third Vice-President he wrote an essay 
entitled " Diseases Prevalent in the Valley of the Delaware," 
which was well received by the niedrcal fraternity, and was 
published by the State Medical Society among its trans- 
actions. During the prevalence of the small-pox in Lam- 
bertville, in 1863-64, he attended ninety-nine cases, and 
only lost four. One of these he buried at midnight, and with 
his own hands, pie subsequently prepared a paper on 
" Small-pox and its Treatment," for the medical society, in 
1864, which was well received by the profession, and filed 
with the important papei-s of the society. His practice is a 
general one, but he makes a specialty with obstetrics, and 
has so far attended over 1000 cases successfully; he has 
also achieved great success in surgical cases. He has, on 
two occasions, been a delegate to the Pennsylvania State 
Medical Society, and at one of its sessions delivered an ad- 
dress before that organization in the city of Carlisle. In 
1862 he was elected Town Superintendent of Schools, and 
has filled that position both under the town and the city 
organization to the present time, being continuously re- 
elected, on the Democratic ticket, although parties have 
had a variety of changes during those years ; the schools 
are in a prosperous condition, and now number over 1400 
pupils. He was for seven years a member of the City 
Council, and has held all the grades of ofiice in the New 
Jersey State Militia, from Second Lieutenant to Brigadier- 
General, excepting that of Lieutenant-Colonel. He is now 
Surgeon on the staff of Colonel Angel's well-known regi- 
ment — the 7th Regiment New Jersey National Guard. 
During his attendance at the University of Lewisburg he 
became a member of the Baptist Church, and he is now a 
regularly ordained clergyman of that denomination. He 
has a congregation at Solebury, Pennsylvania, over the 
Delaware river, to whom he has ministered every Sunday 
morning and evening for the past seven years. The church 
is mainly of his own ingathering ; it had a membership of 
about twenty when he commenced his labors, and has now 
increased to over 120. He has been connected with the 
Reading Association of the Baptist Churches. At the 
organization of this body, at Reading, Pennsylvania, he 
preached the opening sermon, and was chosen Moderator 
of the meeting. His leisure hours at times have been 
taken up in teaching both preparatoiy to college and in the 
medical profession. Rev. J, H. Chambers, A. M., now 
pastor of the Olivet Baptist Church, in Philadelphia, was 
prepared for college under his instruction, and entered the 
freshman class in the University at Lewisburg, Pennsylvani.i, 



EIOGRAPIIICAL ENCVCLOP.^iDIA. 



where he graduated as tlie valedictorian of the class of 1S72. 
As a medical preceptor he has given mstruction to the fol 
lowing persons : William D. Wolverton, M. D., who grad- 
uated m 1S61, and after a satisfactory examination before 
the Army Board was admitted as an assistant surgeon into 
the regular army, where he still holds an honored position ; 
Professor C. W. Larison, M. D., of natural sciences in the 
University at Lewisburg; A. B. Larison, M. D., assistant 
surgeon of volunteers ; F. Fisher, M. D., of Somerset 
county, and E. E. James, M. D., of Montandon, Pennsyl- 
vania, a son of Professor C. S. James, of the University at 
Lewisburg, Pennsylvania. Taking all things into consider- 
ation, he probably accomplishes as much real good to the 
community as any other man in Hunterdon county. As 
previously stated his medical practice is large and lucrative, 
and has placed him in a comparatively independent posi- 
tion ; and he is the owner of some of the most valuable 
real-estate in and around Lambertville, the results of his 
professional labor. He still has time to cultivate literature, 
and at the same time to be a very agreeable and well-in- 
formed conversationalist ; and he never parts with any one 
without fully understanding the motive for which he has 
sought an interview. He was married in 1S59 to .Sar.-ili Q,, 
daughter of Caleb F. Fisher, of Ringnes, New Jersey. 



jIRD, HOX. JOHN T., of Flemington, Lawyer 
and ex-Member of Congress, was born in Beth- 
lehem township, Hunterdon county. New Jersey, 
August i6th, 1S29. His father was James Bird, 
a farmer of the same county. He attended the 
public schools of his neighborhood, and spent 
three years at a classical academy at Hackettstown, New 
Jersey, then under the direction of John. S. Labar. After 
leaving school he began preparing for the bar with the 
Hon. A. G. Richey, then residing at Asbury, New Jersey. 
Mr. Bird was admitted to the bar during the November 
term of 1S55, and for three years practised at Bloomsburg, 
in his own State. In 1S63 he was appointed, by Governor 
Parker, Prosecutor of the Pleas for Hunterdon county; he 
then removed to Clinton, New Jersey, remaining there until 
1S65, when he changed his residence to Flemington. In 
the meantime his practice had grown to be one of the 
largest in the county. As Prosecutor of the Pleas he served 
for five years. In 1 868 he was elected by the Democratic 
)>arty to the Forty-first Congress, and re-elected in 1872. ' 
While in Congress he took an active part in all the leading 
questions of that body, was an earnest and eloquent speaker, 
and a ready, effective debater. His speeches were printed, 
and give evidence of a thorough understanding of the va- 
rious subjects under consideration ; in particular may be 
menlioned his speech on civil service, delivered in 1S72, 
tins efiPort being considered by the opposition the ablest that 
had been delivered upon the question in Congress. On the 
22 



expiration of his second Congressional term he resumed the 
practice of his profession in Flemington. Mr. Bird is an 
earnest, working Democrat, and renders his party great ser- 
vice on the stump. During the late rebellion he was known 
as a war Democrat, doing his utmost to assist the govern- 
ment in raising troops, besides taking an active part m every 
measure tending to destroy the rebellion. The bill fur m 
creasing the pay of members of Congress, which was passed 
while he was a member, met with his determined opposi- 
tion, and after it became a law he turned his portion of the 
back-pay into the United States treasury. He is eminently 
in favor of judicial reform, having written several works on 
the subject which h.ave attracted much public attention. 
He is a member of the Presbyterian Church and an earnest 
worker in behalf of .Sabbath schools; he was also for some 
time President of the Hunterdon County Bible .Society. 
There is no member of the Democratic party in that part of 
the State held in higher regard by his jiarty, or more gen- 
erally respected by his iioliiical opponent-, ; he is also greatly 
esteemed by his brother practitioners. Mr. Bird is attorney 
for the Hunterdon County N.-itional Bank, .ind is engaged 
in most of the leading cases coming before the Hunterdon 
county courts. He was married in 1S54 to Annie, daugh- 
ter of Thomas Hilton, of Hunterdon counly. 



^ifl ''""^"C'~^' H"^^'- J-\^IES NELSON, St.ile Senator, 
T<lil II °f Wliite House, Hunterdon county, was born at 
Mechanicsville, New Jersey, Februaiy 8th, 1836. 
He is of English extraction, and the founders of the 
^ family in this country settled in New Jersey in an 
early period of its history. His father was John G. 
Pidcock, and his mother, before her marriage, was a Ram- 
sey. When about five years of age he removed with his 
parents to Lebanon, New Jersey, and during the early years 
of his boyhood he attended the public schools in that place 
and vicinity. When he had reached the age of thirteen 
he left school and went to work with an engineering corps 
on the Belvidere Delaware Railroad. He was engaged in 
the location and construction of this road until 185 1. In 
that year he went South, and he had turned his exjierience 
with the engineer corps to so good account that he took 
charge of the construction of a division, twenty-five miles 
long, of the Mobile & Ohio Railroad. The portion of the 
work under his control was in the State of Mississippi, and 
the resident chief-engineer was Mr. Foote. He remained 
in the South until the year 1S57, when ill health, together 
with the financial troubles of the Mobile & Ohio Railroad, 
caused him to resign his position and return home. Shortly 
afterwards he became a member of the firm of William E. 
Heniy & Co., and contracted for the building of several 
miles of the Allentown & Auburn Railroad. Afier work- 
ing about eight months in fulfilment of this contract, the 
financial disaster of that memorable year involved the corpo- 



I70 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENXVCLOP.EDIA. 



ration in such trouI)le thnt the work was stopped. He and 
his partners lost heavily, liut paid off all their indehteilness. 
During the remainder of that disastrous year, instead of-re- 
maining idle and complaining of hard times, he planned 
new enterprises, and in company with J. E. Voorhees and 
J. F. Wykofl, engaged largely in the purchase of clothing 
at forced sales in New York, and disposing of the purchases 
by wholesale and at auction through the country. These 
operations resulled in handsome profits. He next eng.aged in 
business as drover and stock dealer, and his business and 
profits steadily increased until lS6l. Then came the war, 
and the financial depression that accompanied its early 
stages caused the failure of so many of his customers that he 
lost all that he had saved in more prosperous yeais, and he 
had literally to commence business anew, with no other 
capital than the energy and perseverance that are so 
strongly characteristic of him. He chose to continue in the 
stock business and did so with fair success until 1865. 
Then, in company with J. N. Ramsey and Richard Bellis, 
he commenced business in New York and Jersey City, as 
live-stock commission merchant. He continued in this 
way until 186S, losing in the meantime $18,000 thrcujh 
the defalcation of a bookkeeper in the employ of the firm, 
and then became sole proprietor of the business, which, 
imder his judicious management and through his great en- 
terprise, became one of the largest of its kind in New York 
and its vicinity, averaging 300,000 head of live-stock, 
sheep and lambs, a year, and comprising, beside the large 
' cal trade, heavy consignments from the South and West. 
In 1S75 he entered into association with Mr. Philip S. 
Kase, under the firm.nanie of Knse & Pidcock, The 
present head quarters of the business are at the Central 
Stock Yards of Jersey City. Politically J.ames N. Pidcock 
is a Democrat, but previous to the year 1873 he had taken 
no more active part in politics than that of a citizen desirous 
of serving the public by helping to put good men n office. 
In (hat year he was urged liy his friends to allow the use of 
his name as Democratic candidate for State Senator. He 
consented and received the caucus nomin.ition ; but owing 
to the unusually light vote cast at the election, and the fact 
that one of his caucus rivals used his influence for the Re- 
publican candidate, Mr. T. A. Potls, together with the Central 
Railroad directing iis employes to support Polts, he was de- 
feated. In 1876 he was again a candidate, and this time was 
elected Senator by a majority of 1,675 over one of the most 
popular Republicans in the county. He is largely interested 
in real estate, owning over l,Soo acres of valuable land 
in his native township, within a radius of five miles of 
White House, besides holding a half interest in about 
800 acres more. He has been largely instrumental in the 
improvement of the village of White House, selling property 
for building purposes on ten years' lime, and then advancing 
to the purchaser a large part of the money necessary to 
erect buildings thereon. Properly now valued at over 
$100,000 has been disposed of on this ]ilan, and not a pur- 



chaser has been distressed or any of the property taken 
back. He was married in 1S62 to Eanny A. Faulks, of 
Eiizabsth, New Jersey. 



HOTWELL. This family is one of the oldest in 
New Jersey. Abraham Shotwell, the first of the 
name of whom there is an account, is believed to 
have been of English origin. His name is ihe 
fourih in the list of the inhabitants of Eiizabelh- 
town and the jurisdiction thereof, who took the 
oath of allegiance to King Charles Ihe Second, and his suc- 
cessors, etc., beginning ihe iglh of Feljruary, 1665. In ihe 
contentions between the people and Governor Carteret, he 
was bold and outspoken against the governor's usurpations. 
He became the victim of Carteret's wrath, his house and 
grounds were confiscated, and he himself driven into exile. 
A portion of this property includes the whole east side of 
Bro.ad street, from the Slone Bridge lo a point seven hun- 
dred and ninety-two leet north of Elizabeth avenue, the 
Courthouse and First Presbyterian Church being on the op- 
posite side of the street. He retired to New York and 
appealed to the Lords Proprietors. In the meantime he 
returned to his home, sustained by his townsmen. His ap- 
peal was not sustained, and he was informed by orders from 
the Proprietary Government that he must depart the town, 
and should he return that he would be subjected to severe 
indignities. His property wa-s sold at public auction, 
August 25lh, 1675, for ;^12, to Thomas BUimfield Carpen- 
ter, of Woodbridge, who resold it a fortnight later, for £14, 
to Governor Carteret. Shotwell obtained a grant of land 
from the New York government, and died in exile. 
Daniel, who settled on Staten Island, was probably his son. 
John, another son, married, in New York, October, 1679, 
Elizabeth Burton. The property so arbitrarily wrested 
from Abraham Shotwell was restored to his son, John, on 
May I2th, 1683; he petitioned the Council for its restora- 
tion, as the following will show : "At a meeting of Council 
held the loth day of May, Anno Domini 1683, The petition 
of John Shotwell being here read, and upon reading thereof 
it being alleged that the lands for w'ch he desires a survey 
and patent is now or late in the possession of Elizabeth 
Csrteret, w'w, the relict and executrix of the late Governor, 
Captain Philip Carteret, deceased. Its agreed that the 
ffurther consideration thereof be deferred till the next Seventh 
Day morning, being the 12th instant, at 8 of the clock in 
the flTorenoon, and that notice then be given to the Widdow 
Carteret that she may then appe.ir, and if she has aught to 
allege against the substance of the petition she may then be 
heard." " Elizabeth Towne, May I2th, 1683. The matter 
of John Shottwell's petition came here into debate, and the 
Widdow Carlerelt being also here present, and in writing 
gave in two papers as her answer to the substance of the 
s.aid petition. And it being asked the said Widdow Car- 



BIOGRArinCAL ENCVCLOr.EDIA. 



'71 



terett if she desired any tyme to offer or object anything 
against the substance of the petition, she said slie had no 
ffiirther answer than what she gave in writing. And it ap- 
pearing that Abraham Shotwell was the possessor, occupant, 
clearer and improver of the land mentioned in the petition, 
and that John Shottwell is the said Abraham Shottwell's 
Sonne and heire ; It is therefore agreed and ordered that 
the Deputy Governor issue out a warrant to the Surveyor 
General and his deputy, to survey the same lands and make 
return thereof, in order that the said Shottwell may have a 
pattent thereof, according to the concessions." The ne.xt 
official account of John Shotwell is found in the " Records 
of Friends," as follows: "At a monthly meeting, the iglh 
of ye 1 Ith month, 1709, held att Nathaniel Fitz Randolph's, 
(Woodbridge) New Jersey. Our friend John Shotwell hath 
requested this meeting to have a meeting settled at his house 
(Statten Island) once every quarter, to which this meeting 
consented, and it is to begin ye first First Day, in ye next 
Firet Month, and so to continue quarterly." Respecting a 
meeting held at the same place the 21st, Third month, 1713, 
the following entry appears : " The meeting that was ap- 
pointed att John Shotwell's, att Statten Island, is found in- 
convenient to be on ye day it was appointed, and the time of 
holding it is changed to ye second First Day, in ye Fourth, 
Seventh, Tenth and First months." John Shotwell died in 
171S at Woodbridge, where he resided at the time. In his 
will he is called "John Shotwell, of the Towne of Wood- 
bridge, in ye County of Middlesex, and Province of New 
Jersey, yoeman." His will was proved at Amboy, October 
5th, 1719, before John Barv-lay. John Kinsey, his trusty 
and well beloved, and his son-in-law John Laing, are 
the executors named. In it he directs all his lands to be 
sold, and all goods indoors and outdoors, husbandry uten- 
sils and joiners' tools, cattle and horses, and his negro, 
Tom, are to be disposed of. After making bequests to his 
sons, John and Abraham, and daughter, Elizabeth Laing, 
and Sarah Smith, wife of Benjamin Smith, he orders the 
balance to be put out on interest for the use and benefit of 
his well-beloved wife. Joseph Shotwell, who married Mary 
Manning, in Woodbridge, in 1 7 16, was no doubt a son of 
Daniel Shotwell, of Staten Island. The following certificate 
appears on record, referring to John Shotwell, Sr., son of John 
formerly of Staten Island : " From our Monthly Meeting, held 
att Philadelphia the 29th day of ye Eighth month, 1708, to 
the Monthly Meeting of Friends at Woodbridge, greeting: 
Whereas, John Shotwell, who came from your parts to serve 
an apprenticeship in this cily, which being fulfilled and he 
intending to return to ye place of his former abode, hath 
regularly applied to this meeting for a certificate concerning 
his conversation (whilst among us) and clearness with re- 
spect to marriage. These are, therefore, according to ye 
wholesome and necessary discipline of truth, to certify on 
his behalf that, after due inquiry made, we find his conver- 
sation has been orderly and his diligence in keeping to 
meelings commendable as becomes our holy profession, and 



as to his clearness relating to marriage, we have no cause 
to think him under any engagemenls of that kinde. So, 
recommending liini to your care, with desires for his pros- 
perity in ye blessed truth, we dearly salute you and take 
leave. Your affectionate friends and brethren. Wm, 
Southby, Saml. Carpenter, Griffith Owens, Richard Mill, 
Wm. Hudson, Thom. Story, NIcliul ,s Wain, Thoni. 
Griffith, Ralph Jackson, Hugh Dcj\l.uiy, David Loyd, 
Christopher Blakeburne, Nathan Slanberry, Anthony Mor- 
ris." In the Eighth month, 1709, John Shotwell applied 
for a certificate on account of marriage, to carry to Flush- 
ing, Long Island, which was immediately granted, and in 
the following month the Flushing "Records" show that 
John Chatwell, or Shotwell, of .Staten Island, and Mary 
Thorne, of Flushing, were nianieil. The same record 
shows that in Ninth month, 171 2, his lirother Abraham 
married Elizabeth Cowperthwaite, daughter of John Cow- 
pertliwaite, of West Jersey. Abraham after his marriage 
resided in the neighborhood of MLiuchen. Iniinedialely 
after his marriage John Shotwell sellled on the norlherly 
bank of Rahway river, long known as Shotwell's Landing, 
now better known as Rahway Port, and lying within the 
limits of the city of Rahway; he also acquired a tract of 
land adjacent to his residence, where he died in 1762. His 
eldest son, Joseph, was born in 17 10, married at Flushing, 
Long Island, in 1741, located where the National Banking 
House of Rahway now stands, and was a prominent mer- 
chant a century and a quarter ago. The land lying between 
the North and Robinson's Branch of Rahway river, now 
known as Upper Rahway, was his farm. Soon after the 
close of the revolutionary war two of his sons opened and 
maintained a direct trade with Bristol, England, shipping 
flaxseed and other produce and receiving in return diy 
goods, by means of a small vessel that navigated a portion 
of Rahway river. Before the close of the century they suc- 
ceeded (in what was at the time regarded a great and 
doubtful undertaking) by means of the race way leading 
to Milton Lake, in obtaining sufficient power to run suc- 
cessfully what have since been known as the Milton Mills, 
and to a descendant of one of the aljove Rahway is largely 
indebted for many of the improvements more recently 
made. John the second, son of John .Shotwell, of .Shot- 
well's Landing, was born in 1712. Soon after attaining his 
majority he started for the West, and eventually reached and 
settled the premises now owned and occupied by John Tay- 
lor Johnson, President of Central Railroad "of New Jersey, 
now in the bounds of Plainfield city, but at that time known 
as the vicinity of Scotch Plains. And here it may not be 
improper to remark that the mountain beyond and the Short 
Hills, that bound the beautiful plain on the east, were oc- 
cupied and settled before the plain, which, being covered 
with a stunted growth of scrub oaks, was regarded as of little 
value for agricultural purposes. At the time of which this is 
written the presei t L;rowing and beautiful cily of Plainfield 
had not an existence. There was a Plainfield, a neighbor- 



172 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENXYCLOP/EDIA. 



hood or locality, but it was some two or three miles to the 
eastward, in the township of Piscataway, county of Middle- 
sex ; the Plainfield of to day is in Union, formerly Essex 
county. In the year 1788 Friends decided to build a new 
meeting house, and the structure yet stands near the depot 
in Plainfield. The name by which the old town had been 
called was transferred to the new one, and thereafter the 
present Plainfield had a name and a record. John Shotwell 
acquired a large tract of land between Scotch Plains and 
Plainfield, e.\tending from the mountain to the Short Hills. 
By his first wife, a daughter of Shobel Smith, of Wood- 
bridge, he had one son, John Smith Shotwell, two of whose 
sons at one time resided at Turkey, now New Providence ; 
another, fifty years ago, was a prominent auctioneer and 
merchant in New York. By his second wife, a daughter of 
William Webster, Jr., he had a numerous family of chddien. 
Two sons occupied portions of the original homestead ; one 
went to Sussex county, and another to Canada ; the youngest 
son, Hugh, settled in Harrison county, Ohio. Abraham, the 
third son of John of Shotwell's Landing, was born in 17 19, 
married at Flushing, Long Island, and settled on the bank 
of the river, between Staten Inland and the Landing, on 
lands believed to have been originally taken up by his father, 
which are yet owned and occupied by a grandson. Jacob, 
the fourth son, married at Flushing, Long Island, and was a 
merchant in Rahway. The house he occupied is yet 
standing in a good state of preservation, having been suIj- 
stantially built on oak frame covered with cedar shingles. 
Alexander Shotwell, a grandson, has long been a resident 
of the State of Alabama. Samuel, the fifth son, resided in 
what is now Grand street, near the Landing; his descend- 
ants are to be found in the northern part of the State. Ben- 
jamin, the sixth son, married at Flushing, Long Island, and 
inherited the homestead at the Landing, which descended 
through three generations and finally passed into the hands 
of strangers. Benjamin Lundy, one of the most persistent 
of abolitionists, the publisher of the Genius of Universal 
Eiiiamipation, was a grandson of Benjamin Shotwell. The 
descendants of Abraham Shotwell may be found in ever)' 
part of the Union and also in Canada, but few of them are 
aware of the suffering and privation he endured more than 
two centuries ago for his love of liberty and out.spoken op- 
position to oppression and tyranny. 



HOTWELL, ABEL VAIL, Retired Merchant 
and Secretary and Treasurer of the Rahway In- 
surance Company, was born, October 18th, 
1814, in that place, and is a son of Abel and 
Elizabeth ( Vail) Shotwell. His father carried 
on a tannery in Rahway for many years, and 
which was quite an extensive one for those days. His mo- 
ther was a native of Somerset county. New Jereey, and the 
fifth in descent from Edward Fitz Randolph, a native of 



Nottinghamshire, England, born about the year 1617, and 
who came to Plymouth, Massachusetts, in 1630, it is sup- 
posed, with his parents. Edward Fitr Randolph was mar- 
ried, by Rev. John Lathrop, pastor of the Scituate and 
Uarnstable Church, May lOlh, 1637, to Elizabeth Blossom, 
born in Leyden, 1620, to which city her parents had es- 
caped to avoid the persecutions of the English, and who 
also came to America the same year, landing at Plymouth 
from the celebrated " Mayflower." About the year 1668, 
Edward came to Piscataway, New Jersey, where he soon 
after died, after which his widow married Captain John 
Pike, of Woodbridge. Their son, Nathaniel, married 
Mary Holby, at Barnstable, Massachusetts, in November, 
1660, and about the year 1667 he removed with his family 
to Woodbridge, New Jersey. In 1 693 he represented that 
place in the Assembly held at Perth Amboy. From 1705 
until 1713 — the year of his death — Friends' Meetings were 
held in his house (which is said to have stood near the 
black walnut tree on the place recently owned by John 
Barron, deceased, near the railroad depot, Woodbridge). 
His son Edward married Katherine, daughter of Richard 
and Margaret Harlshorne, of Middletown, New Jersey. 
This Richard Hartshorne represented Monmouth county in 
the Provincial Assembly, and was Speaker of the same. 
He was also high sherifi'of the county, and a member of 
the governor's council. Their son Edward was born May 
7th, 1706. On July 26lh, 1734, the monthly meeting of 
Friends at Woodbridge furnished Edward Fitz Randolph, 
Jr., with a certificate to Flushing, Long Island, Meeting, 
on account of his marriage with Phebe, daughter of James 
Jackson, of that place. Phebe was one of a family of 
twenty-two children, nineteen of whom grew up and mar- 
ried. Edward Fitz Randolph and Phebe his wife resided 
on the farm now owned and occupied by their great-grand- 
son, Robert C. Vail, now in Raritan township (formerly 
Woodbridge), situated about midway between Rahway and 
Plainfield. One or more sharp skirmishes occurred on this 
larm during the war for independence. On one occasion a 
party of American militia, being closely pressed, retreated 
into the low grounds called "Ash Swamp," followed by the 
British cavalry, whose horses soon became mired to the 
saddle girths, when the Americans, who had taken shelter 
behind the trees, killed and wounded many of the enemy. . 
The children of this last couple were six in number, two sons 
and four daughters. The fourth child, Catharine, married 
one John Vail, and the fifth child, Margaret, married his 
brother, Abraham Vail. The offspring of this last-named 
pair were Ephraim Vail, now living (November, 1S76) in 
the ninety-third year of his age. He resides in the house 
his father built — as he was accustomed to say — in the year 
the war broke out in Boston, 1775. Ephraim's sister, Eliz- 
abeth, married Abel Shotwell. In connection with this 
generation of the family, an interesting historical fact de- 
serves mention in this place. At a period during the revo- 
lutionary war, when the opposing forces were manoeuvring 



BIOGRAPHICAL 

between the mountains and tlie Shoit Hills, General Wash- 
ington attended by his staff rode up to the house of John 
Vail (who had married Catharine Kitz Randolph), and 
asked for a guide to lead them to some prominent place on 
the mountain where a good view could be obtained of the 
country below. Edward Fitz Randolph, a younger brother 
of Catharine Vail, happening to be at the house, volun- 
teered his services to guide the party, when one of the 
general's staff, or attendants, dismounted, and Edward took 
his place m the saddle. He led the general and his staff to 
what has since l>een known as " Washington's Rock," a 
prominent and conspicuous place on the face of the moun- 
tain, some two or three miles south of Plainfield. Imme- 
diately after the general and staff had left Vail's seat for the 
mountains, a boy was despatched to a neighboring pasture- 
field, where a horse was soon caught, and the general's dis- 
mounted attendant at once t'ollowed in rapid pursuit. This 
Edward Fitz Randolph subsequently purchased and resided 
on the farm adjoining his brother-in-law, John Vail, where 
he died about the year 1830. The farm of John Vail, 
where Washington called for a guide, is now owned and 
occupied by his grandson, Jonah Vail. Captain Nathaniel 
Fitz Randolph, of revolutionary fame, who resided in 
Woodbridge, was a cousin. Hartshorne Fitz Randolph, an 
uncle, settled prior to the Revolution in Morris county, and 
from him the township of Randolph is named. The wife 
of the late Hon. Thomas Corwin, of Ohio, is a granddaugh- 
ter of Hartshorne Fitz Randolph. Abel Vail Shotwell, the 
sixth in descent from the pilgrim of the " Mayflower," re- 
ceived a common school education in his native town of 
Rahway, and in 1830 effected an engagement as a clerk in 
a mercantile establishment there. Four years later he com- 
menced business on his own account, and was actively en- 
gaged therein until 1863. In 1868 he became connected 
with the Rahway Fire Insurance Company, which has been 
in existence since 1836. For the past ten years he has 
been Second Vice-President of the Rahway Savings Bank, 
and also Secretary to the Board of Directors of the National 
Bank of Rahway, which position he has held since the or- 
ganization of the bank in 1865. He was for many years a 
Director in the old Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank of 
Rahway, which was chartered in 1828, and wound up its 
affairs in 1865, since which period it has ceased to exist. 
When the city government of Rahw.ay was formed in 1858, 
he was chosen to represent the First Ward in the City Coun- 
cil. He was married, November 2d, 1S59, to his second 
cousin, Rosetta Shotwell Ebert, of Hamilton, Ohio, grand- 
daughter of Hugh Shotwell, formerly of Scotch Plains, New 
Jersey, and also, on her father's side, great grand-daughter 
of Colonel Michael Smyser, of. York county, Pennsylvania, 
an oflicer in the war of the Revolution. Colonel Smyser 
was captain in Colonel Swope's regiment, and was one of 
the captured at Fort Washington, on the Hudson, November 
l6th, 1776. York county sent him seven times to the 
House, and he served two terms in the State Senate. 



ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 



173 



HOTWELL, JACOB R., Retired Merchant, was 
tjorn, October Sth, 1S13, in the city of Rahway, 
New Jersey, and is a son of the late Josejih I), 
and Elizabeth (Fitz Randolph) Shotwell. He is 
the great-grandson of Joseph Shotwell, one of the 
^ early settlers of East Jersey, and a grandson of 
Henry Shotwell, who was born in that province about 1751 
and died m 1824. His house was t,he resort of the minis- 
ters of the Society of Friends, and was always open to re- 
ceive and welcome them. The family were leading mem- 
bers of that society, and have been identified with Rahway 
for very many years. Joseph D. Shotwell, son of Henry, 
was born in the city of New York, April 6th, 17S2, and died 
December 7th, 1856; he married Elizabeth, daughter of 
Jacob Fitz Randolph, of Blazing Star, a member of the old 
family bearing that name, so familiarly known in New Jer- 
sey; the latter died November 26th, 1839, aged eighty-five 
years. Jacob R. Shotwell was educated partly at the 
Friends' Select School, in R.ahway, and thence passed to 
the celebrated Westtown Boarding School, near Philadel- 
phia, also under the control of the same denomination, com- 
pleting his studies in Gummere's Collegiate School, at Bur- 
lington, where he graduated in 1831. Returning to Rahway 
he engaged there in mercantile pursuits, in which he was 
actively occupied until i860, when he retired. He was one 
of the founders of the Rahway Gaslight Company, and has 
been its President since its organization in 1857. He is 
Vice-President of the Rahway Savings Institution ; one of 
the incorporators and a Director of the Hazelwood Ceme- 
tery, of Rahway ; a Director of the Jersey City Fire In- 
surance Company; a member of the Board of Commission- 
ers of Fisheries of the State of New Jersey. He was one 
of the incorporators of the Rahway Public Library, which 
was organized in 1858 and incorporated in 1864, and is now 
under the direct and able management of an association of 
the ladies of Rahway. He was also Chairman of the Com- 
mission appointed by act of Legislature to lay out " streets, 
avenues and squares " in the city of Rahway. He was a 
member of the first Board of Water Commissioners under 
an act of the Legislature, for supplying the city of Rahway 
and places adjacent with pure and ^\■hoIesome water, and 
labored assiduously and successfully to accomplish that ob- 
ject. He is a life-member of the American Pomological 
Society, and has all his life taken an active ipterest in horti- 
culture, landscape gardening, and their kindred pursuits. 
He has been for many years a member of the New Jer- 
sey Historical Society. He has been thoroughly identi- 
fied with every public improvement, and has done much to 
advance the interests of the city. In politics he was an 
old-line Whig; and has acted with the Republican party 
since its organization. He was married, September 30lh, 
1841, to Elizabeth B., daughter of Hugh Hartshorne, of 
Locust Grove, near Rahway; .she died M.ay 1st, 1846. 
December 7th, lSi8, he married his second wife, Martha, 
daughter of Daniel bl-oud, of S'roudsbuigh, Monroe CO., ['a. 



EIOGRxVPIIICAL ENXVCLOIVEDIA. 



?HOT\VELL, ABRAHAM F., President of the 
National Bank of Rahway, New Jersey, was 
born, August 6th, 1817, in that city, and is a son 
of John and Sarah (Freeman) Shotwell, both of 
whom were natives of New Jersey. His father 
was a farmer by occupation, and the old Shotwell 
liomestead, near Rahway, is still occupied by the family, 
the land having been originally purchased by them from the 
Indians. There is quite a curiosity on the lands in the 
shape of a pear tree which has borne fruit yearly for the last 
two centuries, and never once failed during all that time. 
His mother was of the Freemans of Woodbridge, likewise 
an old Jersey family. He received his education at a select 
school in his birthplace known as the " Rahway Alhenjeum," 
from which he graduated in 1834. After leaving school he 
vent to New York city, where he was engaged in mercan- 
tile pursuits for several years. He subsequently returned 
lo Rahway, and from 1858 to 1865 was Cashier of the Far- 
mers' and Mechanics' Bank, of that city. Upon the organi- 
zation of the National Bank of Rahway, in 1865, he was 
elected its President, and has ever since occupied that po- 
sition. He is also a Director of the Rahway Savings Bank. 
He was married in 1845 lo Mary J. Wood, of New York. 



CHENK, DOCTOR JOHN FREUNGHUYSEN, 
Physician, of Flemington, was born in Neshanic, 
Somerset county. New Jersey, June 6th, 1799. 
He is of Dutch descent, his ancestors having 
come to this county from Holland and settled in 
the Millstone valley. His father, Dr. Henry H. 
Schenk, was an assistant surgeon in the revolutionary army, 
during the latter part of the war for independence. On the 
mother's side his grandfather was Jacob R. Hardenberg, 
first President of Queen's (now Rutgers) College. The 
early education of Dr. Schenk was obtained in the schools 
of Neshanic and vicinity, and subsequently, when he had 
passed through the proper course of preparatory training, he 
commenced the study of medicine, reading under the direc- 
tion of his brother, Dr. Jacob R. Schenk, and Dr. Vander- 
veer. Subsequently he attended a regular course at the Col- 
lege of Physicians and Surgeons, in New York, graduating in 
due form. He! was licensed to practise in the year 1820, 
and established himself as a practitioner at North Branch. 
He remained there but a short time, and then removed to 
Readington, New Jersey. His stay at the latter place was 
also brief, and in 1822 he removed to Flemington, where 
he has ever since continued to reside, and where for more 
than half a century he was engaged in active professional 
practice. In 1 870 he retired from regular practice, and 
since then his professional labors have been confined to an 
occasional consultation with his son. Dr. W. H. Schenk. 
When he first established himself in Flemington there was 
but one other physician in the place, and for a long time 



these two were the only medical practitioners in the entire 
neighborhood. He brought to his new profession high 
natural qualifications, thorough professional training, a 
zealous enthusiasm and an unflagging energy. As a result, 
he speedily built up a very large practice, extending over a 
considerable portion of the country surrounding Flemington. 
The success attending his practice was great, and his repu- 
tation as a skilled physician and surgeon rested on a secure 
and permanent foundation. Since 1820 he has been con- 
nected with the Somerset and Hunterdon County Medical 
Societies. He has been President of the latter association, 
and is now an honorary member of it. Through all liis 
long career he has been highly esteemed by his professional 
brethren, and by all in the community in which he has 
lived. Politically he has taken no more active part than is 
required of every good citizen. His political sympathies 
are with the Democratic party. He was married in 1820 
to Miss Van Deursen, of New Brunswick, New Jersey, sis- 
ter of Dr. Van Deursen of that city. She died in 1S48, 
and in 1850 he married Miss Churchill, of Portland, Con- 
necticut. She died in 1865. His son. Dr. W. H. Schenk, 
is one of the leading physicians of Hunterdon county. 
Another son has long been connected with journalism in 
New Jersey. 



CHENK, J. RUTSEN, Journalist, of Scmerville, 
was born. May 23d, 1831, at Flemington, New 
Jersey, and is a son of Dr. John F. Schenk. His 
education was received at the public schools of 
his native town, and when be reached the age of 
seventeen years he was apprenticed to the printing 
business in the office of the Huntcj-don Democrat, then 
under the editorial charge of George C. Seymour. He 
passed through all the grades of the business, and when he 
attained his majority he founded a Democratic newspaper 
at Woodstown, Salem county. New Jersey, which is still 
known as the IVoocislmi'n Kcgisler. He was successfully 
connected with this journal, as both editor and publisher, 
for about a year. In 1857 he established a Democratic 
organ at Middletown Point — now Matawan — which he con- 
ducted with marked ability until the breaking out of the 
rebellion. He was appointed by President Buchan.an 
Postmaster of that town in 1S59, which position he retained 
until 1S61. Under the call for nine months troops he as- 
sisted to organize the 29th Regiment New Jersey Volim- 
teers, from Monmouth county, and entered the regiment as 
a private. He was promoted from the ranks lo the grade 
of First Lieutenant for good conduct, and at the close of the 
term for which he enlisted was mustered out of the service 
in June, 1863. During the same year he purchased the 
Iluu/erdon Gazette, which he published successfully until 
1865, when he disposed of the concern, and it was finally 
merged with the Hunterdon Democrat. In the winter of 
1S67 he founded the Constitutional Democrat zX. Clinton, 






^ 



^ 



A 



EIOGRArillCAL EXCVCLOP.tmA. 



New Jersey, and managed tlicit paper until 1SC9; it is now 
the Clinton Democrat. In 1871 he purchased the Somer- 
set Messenger, the Democratic organ of Somerset county, 
and conducted it with great success until the spring of 1S76, 
when he disposed of it to the present proprietors. He is 
an unwavering member of the Democratic party, and at the 
present time (November, 1876) is Chairman of the Somer- 
set County Executive Committee. 



iICHARDS, HON. GEORGE, Mayor of Dover, 
New Jersey, was born, 1833, in Poltsville, Penn- 
sylvania. He received a common school educa- 
tion, and at an early age was thrown on his 
own resources. When about eighteen years of 
age he went to New Jersey, where he found em- 
ployment m an iron mine, and, being a remarkably indus- 
trious and observant young man, speedily won the respect 
and esteem of his employers. He seemed to be innately 
cognizairt of the presence of iron ore in hitherto unsuspected 
localities, and wherever he has selected any particular spot, 
which in his judgment indicated a bed of this valuable ore, 
subsequent investigations have proved that he never was 
mistaken in his surmises. In 1852 the northern region of 
New Jersey was under the control of the Glenden Iron 
Company, and the energy and good judgment which young 
Richards displayed soon won recognition, and in 1853 he 
was made Superintendent of their numerous mines. Bu< 
even this responsible position did not detef him from aim- 
ing to become still more prominent m the community, and 
he steadily rose, until in i860 he became identified with 
the largest iron interests of the State. At the^present time 
he holds perhaps the most prominent position ^of any citizen 
of New Jersey who has embarked in the iron business. He 
is President and Director of the Ogden Iron Company; 
the Ogden Mine Railroad Company; the Hibernia Mine 
Railroad Company; the Morris County Machine and Iron 
Company ; a Director of the Chester Iron Company ; Direc- 
tor.organizerandchief owner of the National Union Bank of 
Dover; Director of the Delaware & Bound Biook Railroad 
Company, and other institutions of a similar character. His 
interests in the Lehigh valley compass its vast trade for iron 
ore. He is the senior partner in the firms of George 
Richards & Co. ; Richards, Beach & Co., and Richards, 
Simpson & Co., who control the largest 'retail Irade in'thaf 
State. He was State Director of the United. Railroails-of. 
New Jersey in 1871 and 1S72, and his duty was to super- 
vise the large trust funds of the State invested in those 
securities. During his term of office the great question of 
the lease of those roads to the Pennsylvania Company arose, 
llis an=;wer as State Director, on behalf of his State, in the 
memorable litigation which ensued, though decided ad- 
versely by Chancellor Zabriskie, was subsequently sanc- 
tioned by the Court of Errors and .^ppeaIs. The point 



taken was that under a somewhat blind act of the Lcgisl;^ 
lure, passed, however, for the purpose, it was not lawful for 
the old companies to make the lease. It was necessary 
subsequently to obtain further legislation ujion the subject. 
He labored earnestly and successfully against the efforts 
of the monopoly and its adherents, and devoted his best 
energies towards the establishment of competing lines of 
travel, which culminated in the passage of the free railroad 
law. In political feeling he is an ardent member of the 
Republican parly, but has persistently declined all nomi- 
nations for any prominent position. He has, however, 
yielded to the persuasions of his fellow-townsmen in be- 
coming their Mayor, and was the first one to fill that office 
after its creation, and has been ever since re-elected. He 
has also taken a deep interest in the promotion of agricul- 
ture, and is a member of the State society; and he also 
holds a membership in Washington's Home Association, by 
which the ancient building at Morristown has been pre- 
served. In private life he is social, generous and kind. He 
is unobtrusive in his charities, and knowing the value of 
money, as those who have earned it only can, his hand and 
heart are ever open to the deserving. He resides with his 
family in a beautiful mansion in Dover, which is in every 
respect a happy home. He was married in 1S60 to Eliza- 
beth Anna McCarty, of Morris county. New Jersey. 



•'^'^ DRAIN, ROBERT, LL.D., Professor of Mathe- 
matics in Rutgers College, was born at Canick- 
fergus, Ireland, September 30th, 1775. He was 
of French ancestry, hi^ father having been a native 
of France, who left that country after the revoca- 
tion of the edict of Nantes. With his two 
brothers, Donald and Hugh, he settled in the northern part 
of Ireland, and there set about solving the problem of gain- 
ing a livelihood in a strange laml, and by unaccustomed 
methods. In their native country the three brothers h.ad 
been manufacturers of mathematical instruments, but in 
their new home this branch of industry promised but meagre 
results, so they turned their attention in various directions 
in the effort to earn sufficient bread. Among their enter- 
prises, they travelled through"- the country teaching school 
heri; and there as ^they went. - The struggle was a brave 
one ; there was no lack of will and no lack of courage. 
Success was won at- last, but before that time the family 
canre into greatly reduced circumstances, and the father of 
Robert for a time sailed a small vessel from the north of 
Ireland to the neighboring islands, and thereby gained a 
subsistence for himself and those dependent upon him. He 
was a man of fine cultivation, and was remarkable for his 
brillitmt wit and his great and versatile powers of conversa- 
tion. After coming to Ireland he married, and a family of 
five children gathered about him. The eldest of these was 
Robert. He early developed an intellectual quickness and 



176 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOr.EDIA. 



aptitude that amounted to genius. This his father was 
quick to perceive, and determined him to make every possible 
exertion to give the boy a thorough education and fit him 
for the ministry. He carried this purpose into effect so far 
as lay in his power. Robert Adrain was placed at school, 
where his precocity and thirst for knowledge endeared him 
to all his instructors, and insured his wonderfully rapid pro- 
gress in his studies. But when he was only fifteen years 
old both his father and mother died, and he was thrown 
wholly upon his own resources. His experience as a pupil 
ended and his experience as a teacher began almost simul- 
taneously. Young as he was, he opened a school at Bally- 
carry and commenced teaching for a livelihood. It was 
through this necessity that his wonderful talent for mathe- 
matics was developed. One day he was looking through 
an old arithmetic and noticed a series of algebraic signs at 
the end of the book ; he did not know the meaning of these, 
and at once determined to find it out; by his own efforts he 
mastered the task, and in a short time he was able to solve 
any problem in arithmetic by algebraic processes. This was 
the first step in the mathematical career which ultimately 
resulted so brilliantly. His success in teaching was so great 
that a Mr. Mortimer, a man of great wealth and influence 
in the town of Cumber, engaged him as an instructor of his 
children. His position here was a pleasant one, but not of 
long duration. The Irish rebellion of 1798 broke out; Mr. 
Mortimer, an officer of the government, learned that the 
young tutor in his employ was at the head of an Irish com- 
pany; he was greatly enraged and offered fifty pounds for 
the young man's capture, at the same time sending out 
emissaries after him in every direction. The ne.\t day Mr. 
Mortimer was mortally wounded in the battle of Saintfield, 
and the pursuit, so far as he was concerned, came to an 
end. The result would probably have been the same in 
any case, however, for young Adrain was a genuine Inde- 
pendent, and spoke his mind in regard to his own party as 
well as others. He opposed some measure proposed in 
his division of the army, and in resentment of this opposi- 
tion one of his own men treacherously wounded him in the 
back, producing such injuries that there seemed no possi- 
bility of recovery. This gave rise to the statement that he 
was dead, and all efforts for his capture came to an end. 
He recovered, after much suffering, and by assuming the 
disguise of a weaver he was enabled to escape to America. 
Arriving in New York he found the yellow fever prevailing 
there. He heard, moreover, that employment as a teacher 
could be obtained in New Jersey; so he hastened across 
the Hudson river and walked all the way to Princeton, 
seeking employment. He found it, and on the day of his 
arrival obtained a position in the Princeton Academy. He 
remained there two or three years, and then removed to 
Yoi"k, Pennsylvania, and became the Principal of the York 
County Academy. While here his mathematical talents 
and accomphshments were brought before the public by 
frequent contributions to the Mallicnialical Corrcsfiondcnl, 



published in New York, and, although still a young man, 
received several of the prize medals awarded for the best 
solutions of problems published in the columns of that 
periodical. In 1S05 he removed from York to Reading, 
Pennsylvania, and took charge of the academy at that place. 
While here he was ofl'ered the editorship of the Mathe- 
matical Correspondent, and also the mathematical school, 
in New York, of Mr. Baron, proprietor of the Correspondent, 
but both offers were declined. Shortly afterwards he him- 
self commenced the publication of a mathematical periodical, 
called the Analyst, which he continued to publish for two 
or three years, and which was characterized by brilliant 
ability and great culture. The publication of this periodi- 
cal made him extensively and favorably known throughout 
the country as an able and leading mathematician, and in 
the year 1810 he was called to the Professorship of Mathe- 
matics and Natural Philosophy in Queens (now Rutgers) 
College, at New Brunswick, New Jersey. Shortly after 
going to New Brunswick the degree of Doctor of Laws was 
conferred upon him, and in 1S12 he was elected a member 
of the American Philosophical Society; in the following 
year of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and 
subsequently of several of the philosophical societies of 
Europe. Besides fulfilling his college duties he edited the 
third American edition of Hutton's " Course of Mathe- 
matics." In the fall of 1813, upon the death of Dr. Kemp, 
he was elected to supply his place as Professor of Mathe- 
matics and Natural Philosophy in Columbia College, New 
York, the choice being made without any application on 
his part. He accepted the position, and in New York be- 
came the centre of a brilliant collection of mathematical 
talent and culture. All gathered about him, and all did 
him honor as their rightful leader. His contributions to 
the literature of mathematical science while in New York, 
and subsequently, were voluminous, and all were marked 
by a force and clearness, a profound and exhaustive knowl- 
edge, and an elegance of style that won for them universal 
admiration and commanded the respectful attention of the 
scientists of the world. In 1825 he commenced editing 
the A/atliemalical Diary, a work superior to anything that 
had ever been previously published in this country. He 
continued this editorial work until 1826, when he relin- 
quished his position in Columbia College and returned to 
Rutgers, the change being made necessary by the delicate 
state of his wife's health. His departure from Columbia 
College was the occasion of great regret among his brother 
professors and the students of the institution, and many 
were the fitting and substantial tokens of their regard that 
they bestowed upon him at parting. He remained at Rutgers 
only two or three years, when, in response to pressing solici- 
tations, he accepted a professorship in the University of 
Pennsylvania. He was also Vice-Provost of that institution. 
He retained this professorship until 1834, discharging its 
duties with the ability that characterized all his work. His 
wife's health, however, compelled her to remain at their 



BIOCKArillCAI, EXCVCLOP.EDIA. 



177 



country home, near New Brunswick, New Jersey, and in 
the year named, that he might be more with her and their 
family, he resigned his position and went to his New Bruns- 
wick home. At his departure the trustees and facuUy of 
the university passed resolutions of regret at his leaving 
them. The habit of teaching was strong upon him and lie 
could not remain at home in idleness, so after two or three 
years he moved to the city of New York and taught in the 
grammar school connected with Columbia College. This he 
continued to do until within three years of his death ; then, 
yielding to the entreaties of his family and friends, he relin- 
quished the work of teaching forever, and returned to New 
Brunswick. Although several very flattering offers of posi- 
tions were made to him, he refused them all. It was n.)i 
long before his clear mind began to grow clouded and ]iW 
strong faculties to fail, and the painfulness of this fact was 
increased by his keen appreciation of it. On the loth of 
August, 1843, 1^"^ breathed his last, surrounded by his 
family, and mourned sincerely by all to whom his name had 
become so familiarly known. The mourning was not 
simply that one of the brightest intellectual lights had dis- 
appeared, but that a man who won the love of all who came 
in contact with him was no more. 



/ 



DRAIN, HON. GARNETT B., A. M. and A, B., 
Lawyer, of New Brunswick, was born in the ciiy 
of New York, December 20th, 1815. His faiher 
was the celebrated Professor Robert Adrain, of 
Rutgers College, a native of Belfast, Ireland, 
and his mother was Annie (Pollock) Adrain, a 
native also of Belfast. Professor Adrain came to this counliy 
about the year 1800, establishing himself first at Princeton, 
New Jersey, and later at New Brunswick. There his son, 
Garnett, received his education. He attended first the 
Rutgers College Grammar School, and in the year 1829 
entered Rutgers College. He graduated from that insti 
tution with the class of 1S33. After his graduation he 
entered the law office of his brother, Robert Adrain, who 
was then a leading lawyer in New Brunswick. Here ht 
pursued the necessary course of study to fit him for the pro 
fession he had chosen, and was licensed as an attorney in 
1S36. Three years later, in 1S39, he was licensed as a 
counsellor. He at once entered upon the practice of his 
profession in New Brunswick, and has continued in active 
and eminently successful practice there to the present time. 
He speedily took high rank in his profession, and holds a 
commanding position at the bar. In politics he is a Demo- 
crat of the old school. He was an ardent adherent of 
Stephen A. Douglas, and concurred with him in the position 
he took on the Lecompton Compromise issue. In 1856 he 
was nominated for Congress by the Democrats of the Third 
District, and was elected and served his term. In 1S5S 
there was a " bolt " from the regular Congressional conven 
23 



tion of Democrats at Sonierville, and he was put in nomi- 
nation by the bolting convention. He went through the 
canv.ass as a Douglas Democrat, and was elected a second 
lime to Congress, gaining a handsome majority over William 
Patterson, of Perth Ainboy, the regular Democratic nominee. 
His career in Congress was an active one, and was charac- 
terized by great ability and high toned earnestness. His 
speeches were pointed, eloquent and effective, and his in- 
fluence, on some of the issues presented during his terms 
of service, was strongly felt. Among the more noteworthy 
of the speeches delivered by him during his terms in the 
House of Representatives were: one on the "Treasury- 
Note Bill," on the 22d of December, 1857; one on the 
" Neutrality Laws," January 7th, 1S5S; another against the 
■'Admission of Kansas," March 20lh, 185S; one on the 
"Impeachment of Judge Watrous," December 13th, 185S; 
one on the " Election of Speaker," December 14th, 1S59; 
one on the " Organization of the House," Janu.ary 6th, i860, 
and one on the " Stale of the Union," January 15th, 1S61. 
Since his retirement from Congress at the end of his second 
term he has not taken any active part in politics. He was 
married, January 3d, 1S38, to Mary Griggs, daughter of 
Joseph C. Griggs, Esq., who was for many years one of 
the leading merchants of New Brunswick. 



AN LIEW, REV. JOHN, D. D., Clergyman and 
late Pastor of the Reformed Dutch Church, at 
Readington, was born, September 30th, 179S, in 
Neshanic, Somerset county. New Jersey, and 
was a son of Dennis and Maria (Suydam) Van 
Liew. His ancestors emigrated to America from 
Holland at an early day, and were among the first settlers 
on Long Island. He received a first-class academical edu- 
cation preparatory to entering Queens (now Rutgers) Col- 
lege, New Brunswick, from which institution he graduated 
with the class of 1816. Having resolved to devote himself 
to the gospel ministry, he matriculated at the Theological 
Seminary of the Reformed Dutch Church connected with 
the college, and was licensed to preach by the Classis of 
New Brunswick in June, 1820. In the summer of the 
same year he commenced his ministerial labors at the Pres- 
byterian Church of Meadville, Pennsylvania, and was or- 
dained its pastor by the Presbytery of Erie, August 22d, 
1821. This relation continued until June 21st, 1824, when, 
on account of impaired health, it was dissolved, and the 
next day he was dismissed to the Presbytery of New^ Jersey. 
In the spring of the following year, his health Imving im- 
proved, he accepted a call to the Presbyterian Church of 
Mendham, New Jersey, where he remained until 1S25, 
when his relations with this congregation were dissolveil by 
reason of his health again failing him. He then made the 
tour of the Southern States, spending several months in 
travel, extending as far south as Georgia, and returned 



178 



r.IOGRAPMICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 



home with renewed health He shortly afterwards received 
and accepted a call to the pastorate of the Reformed Church 
of Readington, New Jersey. At that place he remained 
and labored faithfully and successfully for forty-three years. 
His rehations with this congregation terminated in 1869, 
owing to a severe cold he had contracted the previous 
winter, which, with advanced age, so far enfeebled him as 
to render his further efficiency in the manifold labors of his 
large parish entirely beyond his powers of endurance; and, 
to the great regret of his congregation, he resigned his pas- 
torate, and was succeeded by Rev. J. G. Van Slyke. The 
church resolved to continue his salary during life, and it 
was the earnest wish of the congregation that he would 
continue to meet and wor^^hip with them, and also preach 
as often as his health would permit ; but their hopes in this 
respect were not realized. While on a visit to his son-in- 
law, J. F. Randolph, at Bloomficld, who insisted on his 
remaining with him until his health wis in a measure re- 
.stored, he gradually failed, and on October 18th, 1S69, he 
calmly passed away. His life and ministerial services at 
Readington had very much endeared him to that congrega- 
tion, and his death was deeply felt by them. The funeral 
discourses were delivered by Rev. Dr. A. Messh and Rev, 
Joseph P. Thompson, who eloquently and touchingly no- 
ticed the long period of his pa.storate. He was married, 
June 20lh, 1S27, to Anna M., daughter of Dr. H. S. 
Woodruff, of Mendham, New Jersey. 



AN LIEW, CORNELIUS S., of Washington, 
Superintendent of the Morris Canal, was born. 
August l8th, 1828, in Readington, New Jersey, 
and is the eldest son of the late Rev. Dr. John 
Van Liew, whose biogr.aphical sketch will be 
found above. The family are of Hollander de- 
scent ; the original emigrant ancestor settled near Fort 
Hamilton, on Long Island. Tredvick Van Liew, great, 
grandfather of Cornelius, settled at Three Mile Run, in 
Middlesex county. New Jersey, where his son, Dennis, 
resided when the war of the Revolution commenced. He 
was then a young man of nineteen, and after serving a short 
time as a substitute for a neighbor, who desired the oppor- 
tunity to harvest his crops, he assisted to org.anize and be- 
came a member of a volunteer cavalry organization, who 
eipiipped and furnished themselves ; and in this capacity 
served till the close of the war. His military equipments 
are still in the possession of his grandson. Cornelius was 
educated at the grammar school of Rutgers College, New 
lirunswick, under the direction of Rev. W. J. Thompson, 
having previously been for two years under his tutelage 
before entering the school. He was fully pre]iared to enter 
the junior class ; but, instead of taking a collegiate course, 
lie determined to devote himself to business pursuits, and 



effected an engagement as clerk in a general retail store at 
Morristown, where he remained four years. Subsequently, 
in connection with his brother-in-law, J. F. Randolph, he 
embarked in a general country trade at Somerville, where 
they continued four years, and then purchased a mill for 
the manufacture of paper at Bloomfield, New Jei-sey. The 
firm occupied the mill and transacted a very good business 
for nine years. In the fall of l85l the mill was burned, 
and in the following spring he removed to the old home- 
stead — his grandfather's farm, at Neshanic — where he re- 
sided until 1869, when he located at Washington, and was 
elected, by the Hoard of Directors, Assistant Superintendent 
of the Morris Canal. He has the charge of the canal 
interests on its western division, from Lake Hopatcong to 
Philipsburg. He is highly esteemed by his fellow-towns- 
men as an amiable and valuable citizen, and as a business 
man of rare foresight and ability. His residence at 
Washington bears good evidence of a fine architectural 
taste. His political predilections are favorable to the 
principles held by the Republican party. He was married, 
Januai-y 3d, 1856, to Sarah, daughter of Hon. David 
Oakes, of Bloomfield; she died, June 1st, 1858. He was 
a second time married to Susan, daughter of James Moore, 
also of Bloomfield, April 3d, 1862. 



WAYZE, JACOB L., Cashier of the Merchants' 
National Bank, of Newton, New Jersey, was 
born, March 3d, 1824, in the village of Hope, 
Warren county, and is a son of Israel and Mary 
Ann (Lowrance) Swayze, both of whom were 
also natives of New Jersey. On his father's side 
he is of Welsh descent, and his mother's family were of 
Hollander ancestry. The Swayze family emigrated to 
America about 1660, and a portion settled on Long Island, 
while others located, at a later date, in both Warren and 
Morris counties, New Jersey. Young Swayze received his 
education in the common schools of his native county, con- 
tinuing to attend them until he was thirteen years old. He 
then assisted his father in farm work for about a year, and 
subsequently entered the country store of his uncles, at 
Hope, as a clerk. In June, 1S42, he purchased the in- 
terests of the jiartner of one of these uncles, continuing the 
business under the firm-name of C. & J. L. Swayze until 
J.anuai-y, 1S45, when the other uncle disposed of his share 
of the concern to his nephew, .and the latter became sole 
proprietor. He carried on the establishment until the 
spring of 1S47, when he relinquished the business, and 
afterwards went to New York city, where he eflfected an 
engagement in a wholesale dry-goods house as clerk. He 
remained there for about four months, and, returning to 
New Jersey, ,at first located in Stanhope, Sussex county, and 
once more started in b;:siness, carrying on a general country 
store until the spring of 1S54, when he sold out the con- 



BIOGRAnilCAL E.XCYCLOr.EDIA. 



179 



cern. He then resolved to lead a professional life, and 
removed to Trenton in May, 1854, where he at once com- 
menced the study of law under Hon. Martin Ryerson as 
his preceptor, with whom he remained about one year, 
when Mr. Ryerson removed to Newton. He then entered 
the office of Mercer Beasley, now Chief-Justice, and fin- 
ished his studies preparatory to admission to the bar under 
the instruction of the latter for about three years, and was 
admitted as an attorney at the June term of 1858, and at 
once entered upon the practice of his profession at Trenton, 
where, however, he remained but a short time. In the 
autumn of the same year he went to Newton, where he 
again followed mercantile pursuits, and so continued until 
the spring of 1S65. He was active in organizing the Mer- 
chants' National Bank, of Newton, is its largest share- 
holder, and was elected Cashier, March 6th, 1865, at the 
first meeting of its directors. Although of Whig parentage 
on his father's side, his political creed up to 1S54 was that 
of the old Jackson school, and never differed wilh the pun 
ciples of the Democratic party, except on the question of 
slavery. He has always been a radical anti-slavery man, 
ami a zealous advocate of free trade and direct ta.\ation. 
He joined the Republican movement in 1856, being one of 
its earliest members, and adhered to the organization uniil 
1S72, when he espoused the cause of the Liberal Republi- 
cans and Democrats, and supported the claims of Horace 
Greeley for the Presidency, and has continued to act with 
the Democratic party since. He was a member of the 
Constitutional Commission that proposed amendments to 
the constitution, in 1873, and introduced a number of 
measures of reform, several of which were adopted in whole 
or in a modified form, and are now incorporated into the 
constitution of the State. He labored earnestly, industri- 
ously and zealously in favor of every reform measure that 
was introduced. He favored an elective judiciary, the 
abolition of the Court of Chancery, the abolition of capital 
punishment, woman suffrage, the equal taxation of all kinds 
of property, and no exemptions even for churches and insti- 
tutions of learning, the election of State officers by the 
people, measures to prevent bribery at elections and several 
other reforms; and he opposed a change of representation 
in the Senate and the creation of any new offices. He was 
married, September loth, i860, to Joanna Hill, daughter 
of the late Jonathan Hill, of Sussex county. 



; ANDERSON, HON. AUGUSTUS E., Lawyer, 
was born, February 15th, 1832, in Littleton, Mid- 
dlesex county, Massachusetts, and is a son of Ira 
and Asenath (Hatch) Sanderson; his maternal 
grandmother was Mary Webster, a relative of 
the late Hon. Daniel Webster. The Sanderson 
fnmily, of Massachusetts, are descendants of Edward and 
Robert Sanderson, who settled in Watertown, Massachu- 



setts, about 1630. They have been noted for their ad- 
herence to the customs of the Puritans. The family 
genealogy is liberally, interspersed wilh those who have 
been prominent in the church and local affairs of State. 
George W. Sanderson, a brother of Augustus E., and a 
member elect to the Legislature of Massachusetts, now 
holds the position of Clerk of the District Court of Northern 
Middlesex, Massachusetts, and owns and resides on a farm 
near Littleton, which has been in the occupancy of the 
Sanderson family over 120 years. The present generation 
is the sixth in descent from Edward Sanderson, one of the 
emigrant ancestors. Augustus E. Sanderson was educated 
at Appleton's Seminary, Mount Vernon, New Hampshire, 
now called the McCullock Instilute. In 1854 he removed 
to New Jersey, and taught school near Lebanon ; at the 
same tirne he commenced the study of the law with M. D. 
Trefren. He was licensed as an attorney in 1S58, and 
made a counsellor-al-law in 1863. Immediately after his 
admission to the bar he opened an ofiice in Lebanon, in 
1S58, and at once commenced to practise his profession. 
He was for a number of years Superintendent of Schools 
for the township where he resides, and otherwise identified 
with the local politics of the town and county. In 1S70 he 
received the Democratic nomination for member of As- 
sembly, and was elected by a large majority. He was re- 
nominated and elected in 1871. During both ses^ions he 
served on the Judiciary Committee; and as the Democrats 
were in a minority, his being assigned to that important 
committee was highly complimentary. Although a Demo- 
crat, he is not an aggressive politician, and during the civil 
war was an earnest advocate for the cause of the Union. 
During his career in the Legislatuie his course was very 
generally approved by all parlies. He advocated the gen- 
eral railroad bill, which subsequently became a law. He 
introduced the first free school bill, which was afterwards 
supplemented by the Runyon bill, and subsequently passed; 
it is at present the existing school law of New Jersey. Dur- 
ing his entire residence in the State he has commanded the 
respect of his fellow-townsmen, as well as the members 
of the I'rofession at Large. He w.as married, in 1856, to 
Mary A. Groendyke, of Lebanon, New Jersey. 



■^T^LIET, JOSEPH, of Washington, Lawyer and 
Law Judge of the Courts of Warren County, New 
Jersey, was born in Franklin township, of that 
county, and is the son of Daniel Vliet, and a 
grandson of Garrelt Vliet, Major-General of New 
Jersey Militia, and whose division performed es- 
cort duty on the occasion of the visit of General Lafayette 
to Trenton, in 1S25. The family was among the earliest 
settlers of the Musconetcong valley, and several of his an- 
cestors participated in the war of the Revolution. lie w.as 
educated principally in his native county, and in 1845 



I So 



BIOGRAI'IIICAL ENCVCLOI'-EDIA. 



entered the law ofiice of Hon. A. G. Richey, where he 
commenced his prejiaralion for the bar, to which he was ad- 
mitted as an attorney, January 3d, 1S50, and in 1S52 was 
appointed a Master in Chancery. He was licenced a coun- 
sellor in 1855, which entitled him to practise in the Supreme 
courts. He was appointed, by Governor Price, Prosecutor 
of the Pleas for Warren County, which position he held for 
the usual term of five years. After an interval of five years 
— during which time the position was filled by Colonel 
James M. Robeson — he was again ajjpointed by Governor 
Randolph, in 1865; again, in 1870, Ijy Governor Parker; 
and a fourth time, in 1875, by Governor Bedle. After re- 
ceiving his license as an attorney, in 1850, he practised his 
profession for one year at Asbury, and then removed to 
Washington, where he has since resided. He was elected 
the fii-st Mayor of Washington, after its incorporation as a 
borough, and served in that position for three years. He is 
attorney for the First National Bank, at Washington; and 
■was of counsel for the Morris & Essex Railroad Company 
in Warren county, during its construction and until it was 
merged into the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Rail- 
road. During the long period that he has filled the position 
of Prosecutor of the Pleas he has tried over twenty homicide 
cases ; noticeable among which was that of the Rev. Jacob 
Hardin, convicted and executed for the murder of his wife. 
In this case he was assisted by James M. Robeson and the 
late Hon. William L. Dayton, Attorney-General of the 
State. During his long service the great variety of criminal 
business of which he has had charge has been ably man- 
aged, and there is probably not a single instance where an 
indictment of his preparing has been quashed through a 
defect in the bill. As a lawyer he ranks equal to any in 
the country, and is highly respected by the bar and also by 
his fellow-townsmen. Politically he is a Democrat, al- 
though too deeply engrossed in and devoted to his profes- 
sion to be an office-holder or office-seeker, outside of his 
professional appointments. He has been twice married. 
Plis first wife was Miss Crevley, of Bloomsburg, New Jersey, 
who died in 1872. In 1874 he was married to Martha 
Voorhees Losey, of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. In February, 
1877, he was appointed Law-Judge of Warren county. 



'- "^ VIXGTON, WILLIAM WILBERFORCE, of 
Newark, General Agent for New Jersey of the 
Mutual Life Insurance Company, of New York, 
was born, December 26th, 1840, at Potsdam, St. 
Lawrence county. New York. His father was 
the Rev. John Byington, born at Great Barring- 
ton, Massachusetts, and his mother, Catherine (Newton) 
Byington, was a native of Vermont. His father was a cler- 
gyman of the Methodist Episcopal Church, but withdrew 
from it because he believed its position on the slavery ques- 



tion not sufiiciently pronounced, and he was one of the 
leading men in the organization of the Wesleyan Methodist 
Cluuch. Mr. Byington's boyhood was spent on his father's 
farm, in northern New York, on which he acquired a fine 
phy-ical constitution, as well as the earnest political con- 
victions of his father. But while yet a lad he was am- 
bitious for a better education than the district school of a 
small town could afford, and at the age of sixteen he went 
to Battle Creek, Michigan, where an elder brother resided, 
and spent a year at the public school. At the age of seven- 
teen he taught his first school, and from that time for four 
years he supported himself entirely by teaching in the 
winter, while attending school in the summer. At the age 
of twenty-one he graduated with a high rank at the State 
Normal School of Michigan, which was then, as now, cele- 
brated for the thorough drill which it gave its pupils. Im- 
mediately on his graduation he was called back to Battle 
Creek to take charge of one of the schools there, and a year 
after was called to the mastership of the Houghton Union 
School, of Detroit, one of the finest in that city, which po- 
sition he held for three years. At the end of this time he 
resigned, on the ground that teachers were not properly 
p.iid for their services, and received the highest testimonials 
for his remarkable ability and success. At the age of 
twenty-six he now went into the life insurance business, and 
spent about three years in travelling in that interest in the 
West. In 1870 he removed to New York city, where he 
was an insurance broker for four years. Being a man who 
could not but give the whole of his fine abilities and intense 
energy to thoroughly understanding and prosecuting his 
business, he made a careful study of the science and history 
of life insurance, and gained considerable reputation as a 
very vigorous writer on this subject. It was in 1872 that 
he issued what was a great desfderatum, his first " Synopsis 
of Ten Years of Life Insurance Business," which he has 
since issued annually. It gave all the statistics of all our 
American companies for ten years, and had an immediate 
sale of about 40,000 copies. In the beginning of 1S74 Mr. 
Byington was invited by the Mutual Life Insurance Com- 
pany, of New York, to the responsible post of General 
Agent for the .State of New Jersey. He thereupon moved 
to Newark, in this State, and has devoted himself ever since 
to its duties. Being a man of very positive convictions, he 
has not hesitated to take a jironounced position in fighting 
against everything, especially in the insurance business, 
which he saw to be an injury to its truest interests, and his 
familiarity with the general subject and his command of a 
sharp and telling style have made his work in this line very 
successful. Physically, Mr. Byington is a man of large 
ffame and, well-proportioned figure. He is an active and 
public-spirited citizen, taking great interest in every good 
cause ; in politics he is an earnest Republican ; and is a 
communicant of Trinity Protestant Episcopal Church. He 
was married, December 25th, 1865, to Kate M. Preston, 
of Battle Creek, Michig.an. 



BIOGRAPHICAL EXCVCLOP.EDIA. 



iSi 



H^. 



JULVER, JOSEPH EDWIN, M. D., Practising 
Physician of Jersey City, was born, February 
9th, 1823, in Groton, New London county, Con 
neclicut. His parents were Joseph and Permelia 
Lamb Culver. For several generations his an 
cestors on both sides were natives of Connecticut. 
His early education was obtained at the public schools of 
his native place. The schools there, however, were of a 
very high character, and afforded him large opportunities 
for advancement in his studies. He was of a specially 
studious disposition, and from the first made the utmost of 
the opportunities afforded him. Not only did he nidus 
triously perform the regular mark of school study, but he 
availed himself of every leisure hour at home to prosecute ad- 
ditional studies. It was well that he possessed this perse- 
vering energy, for when he was only two years old his father 
had died, and it was inevitable that the fatherless boy should 
as early as possible depend upon himself for support. He 
was only ten years of age when the responsibility of self- 
support came upon him, and from that time forward he has 
earned his own livelihood. The ambition that characterized 
him continued to manifest itself in his devotion to books, 
and he read and studied what time could be spared from 
work and sleep. Such progress did he make in this way 
that when he was only sixteen year of age he passed the 
necessary examination and taught a public school in his 
native town. Succeeding satisfactorily he continued in this 
employment for several years during the winter months, and 
thus he obtained the means to advance his own education. 
In the summers of 1839 and 1840 he w.as a student at the 
Connecticut Literary Institution located at Suffield. Here 
in the latter year, by request of the principal, he wrote and 
delivered an oration on " Political Fame," on the occasion 
of the annual commencement. He obtained a fair knowl- 
edge of the Latin Language and a smattering of the Greek, 
and attempted the study of the French without a teacher, and 
of course without a pronunciation. But scientific pursuits 
claimed his chief attention. For the pure and mixed 
mathematics he always cherished an especial fondness, and 
in these branches he never needed the assistance of a tutor; 
albeit he never failed to solve the most difficult test 
problems submitted to him by his teachers and school- 
fellows. His reading extended to every department of 
human knowledge, but a strong preference for the natural 
sciences now led him for a few years to devote all his lei- 
sure time to conjoined study and experiment. And when 
at length he decided to enter the medical profession he w.as 
already quite familiar with what was then known of elec- 
tricity and galvanism, optics, acoustics, chemistry inorganic 
and organic, human and comparative physiology, human 
anatomy, materia medica, toxicology, hygiene, and the his- 
tory of medicine. In the year 1S47 lie matriculated at the 
Berkshire Medical College, at Pittsfield, Massachusetts, 
where he attended one course of lectures. The following 
spring he went to New York city, w^iere he attended for one 



year the excellent private school of Dr. John II. Whiltaker, 
and also for several months the private surgical school of 
Dr. William Detmold. In the fall and winter of 1S4S he 
attended the course of lectures at the College of Physicians 
and Surgeons in New York city, and received his diploma 
therefrom in the spring of 1S49. After his graduation he 
went to live in the southern part of North Bergen, suljse- 
quently Hudson City, and now included in the municipality 
of Jersey City. Here he at once entered upon the practice 
ol his profession, in which he h.as ever since been actively 
engaged. He rapidly achieved success in the career he 
had chosen, and his practice soon extended into every city 
and township in Hudson county. In the summer of 1841J 
he was chosen physician for the townships of Bergen and 
North Bergen, and also for Hudson county, which positions 
he continued to fill for several consecutive years. Having 
been examined and licensed by the Medical Society of New 
Jersey, he became a member of the Passaic District Medical 
Society, and in 1850 was a delegate from that body to the 
State Medical Society. By the State Medical Society he 
was empowered to organize the District Medical Society of 
Hudson County, which accordingly was chartered in 1S51. 
He wrote the constitution and by-laws of the Hudson Dis- 
trict Medical Society. He compiled and published in 1873 
"A Documentary History of Recent Discussions in tl.e 
District Medical Society for the County of Hudson." He 
has held every office in the gift of said society, and he is at 
the present time the appointed historian and custodian of its 
.archives. In 1871, 1872 and 1S73, he w.is one of the 
Standing Committee of the Medical Society of New Jersey. 
He is a charter member of the New Jersey Academy of 
Medicine, Vice-President, and Chairman of Committee on 
Admissions. One of the founders of the Jersey City Patho- 
logical Society, he was also its first President. For many 
years he has been a member of the New York Pathological 
Society, and he has belonged to the Neurological Society 
of New Y'ork city since its reorganization. He is one of the 
attending physicians of St. Francis Hospital, having been 
on the staff since its organization. In years past he has 
written more or less of the reports of the Hudson District 
Medical Society, which have been published annually in 
the " Transactions of the Medical Society of New Jersey." 
Aside from this he has contributed from time to time to the 
literature of his profession. In 1868 he published, in the 
transactions of the State Medical Society, "A Case of 
Choleraic Dysentery — Death by Septicaemia ; " in 1S69 a 
paper on the hygrometer, being a plea for its general use in 
epidemiological observations. In 1876 he published, in 
T/ie American Journal of (he Medical Sciences, "A Case of 
Hydrophobia," in which the symptoms and post mortem 
appearances were carefully noted and an attempt made to l.^y 
the foundation of a rational treatment of this disease on its 
pathological conditions. He is a thorough scholar and a 
close professional student, taking an ardent and active in- 
terest in all matters pertaining to his chosen calling. His 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 



l^rofession, however, has not alssorbed all his attention and 
energies. He has taken a strong and practical interest in 
general educational ■ matters. During four years of his 
residence in Hudson City, he filled the position of City 
Superintendent of Public Schools, and for one year he was 
one of the County Board of Examiners of Public School 
Teachers. When he entered upon the duties of the former 
office, in i860, Hudson City had not a school building nor a 
school worthy of the name. He assisted the city to borrow 
twenty thousand dollars, wilh which three commodious 
schoolhouses were built and furnished. He classified the 
pupils according to their studies and proficiency, and graded 
the departments accordingly. He wrote the rules and I'egu- 
lations for the government of the schools, and the by-laws 
adopted by the Board of Education. The system of school 
management organized by him has never been changed 
essentially. Three years after it was put on trial the State 
superintendent pronounced the schools of Hudson City the 
best in Hudson county, and the schools of Hudson county 
the best in the State. Moreover, he is active in the general 
duties of citizenship, and in the year i860 he was elected 
Treasurer of Hudson City, the duties of which position he 
performed for a period of eight years. Before the issue of 
war-bonds was authorized by State legislation, Hudson City 
had borrowed more than one hundred thousand dollars, for 
the payment of which the lenders held no other security 
than the signature of the Treasurer and the integrity of the 
oily officers. For these eight years the bonds of Hudson 
City were very acceptable at the banks and among capital- 
ists. He is one of the Trustees of the Hudson City Savings 
Bank, appointed by the act of incorporation. The by-laws 
ailopted by the trustees, under which the bank management 
is controlled, the trustees permanently organized, and the 
duties of their chosen officers defined, were written by him. 
The Hudson County Hospital was chartered in 1S60 through 
the joint efforts of Drs. T. R. Varick and J. E. Culver. 
There were ten regents, who appointed a staff of four 
regular physicians. Subscriptions to the amount of twenty- 
five thousand dollars, more or less, were found to be ol)- 
t.iinable, when the war of the rebellion put a stop to further 
progress. Soon after the war ceased, however, the project 
was revived. About this time, without the knowledge of 
the staff and the surviving regents, an amendment to the 
hospital charter, doubling the numljer of regents, was 
hurried through the Legislature. Upon the heels of this 
sharp practice the new quota of regents was filled, and they 
were then brought to sanction a second amendment leg-iliz- 
ing the appointment on the hospital staff of irregular prac- 
titioners. At this juncture the District Medical Society de- 
murred and appointed a committee to wait upon the 
regents and protest against this infringement of vested rights. 
Dr. Culver wrote and presented the protest on this occasion. 
It was published by order of the District Medical Society. 
Ignoring the staff elect, the regents now appointed a new 
one, far greater in numbers and not inconveniently squeam- 



ish about their associates. The hospital, prematurely put 
to work, ran a feeble race for two years, and fell dead. 
Recently it has been resuscitated, but with fewer patients 
than attendants it languishes, and is itself a fearfully expen- 
sive e.xample and victim of chronic disease. The following 
original essays by Dr. Culver may be mentioned : Thesis 
for graduation, on certain physiological relations and uses 
of the oxides and oxysalts of iron ; papers read before the 
District Medical Society — I. "On Digestion; " 2. "On the 
Origin and Relations of Urea, Uric Acid and Uric Oxide 
in Vertebrates and Invertebrates;" 3. "On Pepsin;" 4. 
" Concerning the Effects of Zinc Oxide on those who M.anu- 
facture and Use it ; " 5. " On Putrefaction " (read on retir- 
ing from the presidency of the District Medical Society): 
papers read before the Academy of Medicine — i. "Experi- 
mental and Rational Researches Concerning the Pigment 
of Jaundice ; " 2. "A New Method of Testing for Eile- 
Pigment in Urine and Other Liquids," 






LARK, HON. ALVAH A., of SomerviUe, Lawyer 
and Congressman, was born, September 13th, 
1840, at Lebanon, Hunterdon county. New Jer- 
sey. He is the son of Samuel Clark, who re- 
moved to New Germantown, in the same State, 
when Alvah was quite young. Mr. Clark kept 
the hotel at this place, and his son assisted him in 
the business in all the capacities necessitated by the 
exigencies of a country hotel. At the same time the 
lad attended school as much as his duties would permit, 
and having determined upon following a learned profession 
he made the best use of all his opportunities. The profes- 
sion he had fixed his mind upon was that of the law, and 
so steadily did the fire of ambition burn within him that at 
the age of nineteen he had succeeded in preparing for col- 
lege, studying part of the time with Rev. D. Blauvelt, of 
Lamington. Circumstances, however, not permitting him 
to take a collegiate course, he entered the law office of 
Hon. J. C. Rafferty in 1859, and there remained two years. 
At the expiration of that term he passed to the office of I. 
N. Dilts, Esq., in which he continued to study and acquire 
a knowledge of the practical details of the profession, until 
he was admitted as an attorney in 1863. Thereupon he at 
once opened an office at his old home. New Germantown, 
and began practice. After laboring in this sphere for three 
years, he removed to SomerviUe, where he has since con- 
tinued. His practice has grown to be a large and profitable 
one in all branches of the profession. He is a well-read 
lawyer, and devotes great care to the preparation and man- 
agement of his cases. To these circumstances, in connec- 
tion with his gre.it natural ability, his marked success, 
whether in chamlier practice or before the courts, is to be 
attributed. Several corporations have secured his services 
as attorney, among which may be mentioned the Bound 



BIOGR.VnilCAL EN'CVCLOP.KDIA. 



1S3 



Brook & Delaware Tiaihoad Company, llie Ilaniilton Laml 
Improvement Company, and the Dime Savings Bank of 
Somerville. Politically he belongs to the Democratic 
party, and as a political organizer is one of the strongest 
men in the organization. In 1S76 he was a candidate for 
the Democratic nomination in the Fourth Congressional 
District, and succeeded in making it in one of the sharpest 
contests ever known in the district. The campaign which 
followed was unusually I)itter and was fought with great 
determination on both sides. In the result Mr. Clark was 
elected by a majority of over five thousand, a statement 
which sufficiently attests the estimation in which he is held. 
A polished, courteous gentleman, a good speaker, and more 
important still, a good debater, he will prove a valuable ac- 
quisition to the Democratic side of the House of Repre- 
sentatives. His law practice has consisted largely of con- 
tested cases; one of the most important of these was the 
Vandeveer will case. He was married in 1S64 to Anna 
Van Debeek, of Somerset county. New Jersey. A tiuly 
self-made man, he presents some of the finest characteristics 
of the best class of self-made men, being at once self- 
reliant and energetic, modest and moderate. 



"^jll^NIGHT, EDWARD C, President of the Central 
Railroad of New Jersey, Merchant and Importer 
of Philadelphia, was born in Gloucester, now 
Camden, county, New Jersey, December Sth, 1S13. 
He comes of a family intimately associated with 
the early history of Pennsylvania and New Jersey. 
His ancestor, Giles Knight, of Gloucestershire, England, 
came over in the ship 'Welcome," with William Penn, 
sailing from England on September 30th, 16S2. He settled 
in Byberry, and died in 1726; Mary, his wife, died in 
1732. Their son, Thomas Knight, then lived in New Jer- 
sey, on a place belonging to Titian Leeds, the almanac 
m.iker. The parents of E. C. Knight, Jonathan and Re- 
becca Knight, were members of the Society of Friends, to 
whose tenets he himself still adheres. His father was a 
farmer and died in 1823. He worked on a farm until 1830, 
when he obtained a situation in a country store at Kaighn's 
Point, New Jersey. In that occupation he continued until 
September, 1832, when he engaged as clerk in the grocery 
store of Atkinson & Cuthbert, South street wharf, Philadel- 
phia, on the Delaware. At this period, while quite young, 
an incident occurred which indicated the character of the 
future man. He was receiving but four doll.ars a week, 
when, engaged in his duties, he observed a man being car- 
ried down the Delaware upon the ice. He Labored to 
persuade several men, who were standing near, to attempt 
his rescue. Their reply was, " He will be no loss to the 
community. Let him go." Offermg, out of his own little 
purse, a dollar apiece to two men, if they would rescue 
him, they succeeded in saving him from his perilous posi 



Ih 



tion and placing him upon dry grounil. The moral was not 
lost on the preserver. He reasoned that if a man's life 
were wor'.h two dollars, it would be well to have that 
amount always in his pocket for emergencies. In May, 
1S36, he established himself in the grocery business on 
Second street, in the same city, giving his mother an in- 
terest in the concern. The firm was sufficiently prosperous 
to enable them, in 1S44, to appropriate a sum large enoucjh 
to pay the balance due by the estate of his father, which 
proved after his death to be deficient about twenty per cent. 
About this time he became interested in the importint"- 
business, acquiring a sh.are in the ownership of the 
schooner " Baltimore," which was at once pl.aced in the 
San Domingo trade, making regular trips between Cape 
Haytien and Philadelphia, freighted principally with coffee. 
In September, 1S46, he removed to the southeast corner of 
Water and Chestnut streets, and for over thirty years has 
been eng.aged, at first alone and then as the principal part- 
ner of the firm of E. C. Knight & Co., in the wholesale 
grocery, commission, importing and sugar refining business. 
In 1S49, 'his house became, and thereafter continued to be, 
interested to a considerable extent in the California trade; 
it sent out the first steamer that ever plied on the waters 
above Sacramento Cily. The business at present is princi- 
pally that of sugar-refining, for which purpose the firm oc- 
cupies two large houses at Bainbridge street wharf on the 
Delaware, and that of importing molasses and sugar from 
Cuba, together with teas from China. As affording some 
idea of the close attention Mr. Knight has always paid to 
business, it may be mentioned th.at during thirty-seven years 
no one but himself has ever signed a note for the firm, and 
for years he worked sixteen hours per day. During the 
last thirty years he has embarked in many enterprises, and 
discharged the duies of many positions outside of his or- 
dinary business. He was President of the Luzerne Coal 
and Iron Company; was a Director in the Lackawanna & 
Bloomsburg Railroad Company; Director of the Southwaik 
Bank in 1S40, and for several years thereafter — also the 
Bank of Commerce and the Corn Exchange Bank, and a 
member of the Board of Trade ; was appointed by the city 
as one of the Trustees of City Ice Boats, and served for 
twenty years; also a Director in the Girard Life Insurance 
and Annuity Trust Company ; and in 1S59 he made several 
inventions in sleeping cars, put them into operation, and 
subsequently sold his interests in the patents to incorporated 
companies. He also served as President of the Coastwise 
Steamship Company, that built in Philadelphia the vessels 
" John Gibson " and " E. C. Knight." For years he served 
as a Director in the Pennsylvania, the North Pennsylvania, 
the Trenton & West Jersey Railroads. In the project for 
establishing a second line of railway between Philadelphia 
and New York he took a warm interest, and when eventu- 
ally brought to a successful issue in the construction of the 
Delaware & Bound Brook Railroad, which, in connection 
with the New Jersey Central and North Pennsylvania Rail- 



iS4 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 



roads, gave a second continuous and through line between 
the two great cities, he was chosen President of the new road. 
Aliout the middle of the year 1876, a change in the manage- 
ment of the New Jersey Central being deemed advisable, 
Mr. Knight was asked to lend the strength of his name and 
his great financial and executive abilities to the corporation 
as its President. He consented to do so, and has since that 
time been laboring faithfully to restore the road to its former 
prosperity, and with good prospects of success. Up to the 
close of the year 1876 he had served for some time the 
Guarantee Fidelity and Trust Company as its President, but 
the affairs of the New Jersey Central occupied so much of 
his time and attention that he then resigned the presidency, 
continuing, however, associated with the direction of this 
Philadelphia institution in the capacity of Vice-President. 
lie is also a Uuector of tlie Union League, the Insurance 
Company of the Slate of Pennsylvania, and the Merchant's 
Fund. He was also Chairman for seven years of a commit- 
tee of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, to assist in es- 
taljlishing a line of American steamships between Philadel- 
phia and Europe. Of the company which has grown out 
of that movement he was first President. This company 
contracted with Cramp & Sons for four ships of over three 
thousand tons each. All of them are now in service — the 
" Pennsylvania," the " Ohio," the " Indiana," and the 
" Illinois," and have proved first-class vessels, while two 
more are being built. This enteqmse has conferred marked 
advantages upon Philadelphia, and his efforts in bringing 
matters to their present satisfactory condition have met with 
high appreciation at the hands of the mercantile community 
and of all who are concerned for the material prosperity ot 
the city of Philadelphia. In politics also he has been 
prominent, acting latterly with the Republican party. In 
1856 he was nominated by the American, Whig and Reform 
parties for Congress, in the First District of Pennsylvania. 
He was an elector from the same district on the Presiden- 
tial ticket when Abraham Lincoln was first elected Presi 
dent. He was a member of the convention assembled 
in 1873 for the purpose of revising the Constitution of the 
State of Pennsylvania, in which his long and varied business 
experience rendered his advice much sought and his influ- 
ence potent for good. His name is a synonym for integrity 
and honor. 



I AN FLEET, HON. DAVID, Judge, of Fleming- 
ton, was born in Readington, Hunterdon county. 
New Jersey, August 13th, 1819, and is a son of 
William T. Van Fleet, of th.it place. He is of 
Dutch descent, his ancestors having come from 
Holland in the year 1600, and settled in that vi- 
cinity. He received in his youth such education as the 
common schools of the neighborhood afforded, and for a 
time he followed the occupation of school te.achcr, and then 



that of a clerk in a store at Centreville, N.w Jersey. His 
integrity of character and high personal qualities won and 
retained for him the esteem and respect of the community 
in which he resided, and in 1848 he was elected to the 
New Jersey Legislature. His services in that body were so 
well appreciated by his constituents that, in 1S49, ''e "'-is 
re-elected. In 1S53 he engaged in mercantile pursuits on 
his own account in Centreville, and did a prosperous busi- 
ness. At the Presidential election of 1856 he was chosen 
one of the electors for President Huchanan, and in 1859 he 
was elected Surrogate of Hunterdon county. Up to this 
time, and until the breaking out of the war of the rebellion, 
he acted with the Democratic party, and he was elected to 
the various positions to w-hich he was chosen by a Demo- 
cratic constituency. When the war broke out, however, he 
became a Republican, and with that party he has ever since 
been identified. In the year 1869 he was appointed by 
President Grant one of the Inspectors of C'ustoms for New 
York, but resigned the position after holding it for one 
year. In 1872 he was appointed one of the Common 
Pleas Judges of Hunterdon county, which position he still 
holds, and which he fills in a thoroughly able and satisfac- 
tory manner. He is a master in chanceiy, and istiusiee 
for a number of estates, as well as a Director of the Hunter- 
don County National Bank. He is a man of strong religious 
convictions, and is a consistent member of the Methodist 
Episcopal Church. He was married in 1845 '° Susan A. 
Cole, daughter of David O. Cole, Esq., of Readington, 
New Jersey. 



OORIIEES, J. VRED, Lawyer and Prosecutor of 
the Pleas, was born at Somerville, New Jersey, 
August 5th, 1819. His family was an old one of 
Dutch extraction, several of whose members won 
distinction by their services in the patriotic cause 
during the revolutionary war. Nicholas Voorhees, 
his father, was a gentleman of high standing and sturdy 
integrity, and a staunch supporter of the Dutch Reformed 
Church. He married Sarah Dumont, a descendant of a 
well-known French Huguenot family. The subject of this 
sketch prepared for college at the Somerville Academy. 
Advancing vapidly, he svas able to' enter the junior class of 
Rutgers College, where he graduated in 1840, wMth high 
standing. Having determined upon the study of the law, 
he entered the office of the late Judge Brown, at Somerville, 
in 1841, where he rem.amed, a diligent worker, until after 
his admission to the bar in 1844. He at once entered upon 
a lucrative practice, and was licensed as counsellor in 184S. 
He was married in 1858 to Annie R. Borden, of Mount 
Holly, New Jersey. He lived a life of quiet industry and 
usefulness until the outbreak of the rebellion, when he at 
once took a prominent part in the stirring events of 1S61, and 
in the fall of 1S62 went to the front with a commission as 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.^IDIA. 



iS; 



First Lieutenant and Quartermaster of the 30th Regiment 
of New Jersey Volunteers. Here he participated in all the 
hard service of camp life, until failing health compelled 
him to resign. After some time spent in recruiting his 
energies, he reopened his office in Somerville, where he has 
since remained. In 1S72 he was appointed by Governor 
Parker Prosecutor of the Pleas for Somerset County, which 
office he still holds. He is also attorney for the Somerset 
County Bank and for the Bound Brook & Delaware Rail- 
road. Mr. Voorhees is a man highly respected, both as a 
citizen and an official, and for his integrity of character. 



J^EWITT, HON. SILAS WRIGHT, Lawyer and 
Jii I Member of the State Legislature, was born in 
mill Warren county. New Jersey, in the year 1S46. 
^T^^j^C He prepared for a collegiate course in Blairs- 
^VS town. New Jersey, and then entered Lafayette 
College, Pennsylvania, in the year 1S65. After a 
full four years' course he was graduated in the class of 1S69. 
Among his cl.issmates were Rev. Walter Q. Scott, of Phda- 
delphia, and Messrs. William Patton and R. E. James, of 
the Pennsylvania bar. Selecting the profession of law for 
his life career, he commenced his legal studies in the ofiiee 
of J. F. Dumont, Esq., at Phillipsburg, New Jersey, and 
was admitted to practise in that State in 1873. Two years 
previously, however, he had been admitted to the bar of 
Pennsylvania, after a course of study in the office of Messrs. 
Armstrong and Lynn, at Williamsport, in the same State. 
His political opinions led him into association with the 
Democratic party, on whose behalf he has always labored 
actively and with much effect. In the fall of 1876 he be- 
came a candidate for election from his district to the State 
House of Representatives, and after a spirited contest was 
elected by a considerable majority, although in the previous 
year the Democratic nominee had been defeated. This at- 
tests his popularity in the district, and indeed he is widely 
respected for his abilities and esteemed for his personal 
qualities. 



|00D, RICHARD D., Merchant and M.-tnufac- 
turer (cotton and ironl, was born in Greenwich, 
Cumberland county. New Jersey, March 29th, 
1799. His ancestors, who came from Glouces- 
tershire, England, were among the original 
settlers of Philadelphia; one of them, Richard 
Wood, arriving in this country, with some of the earliest 
Quaker emigrants, in the latter part of the seventeenth 
century, here located, while his grandson, also named 
Richard, moved to Cumberland county. New Jersey, of 
which he became one of the Judges and a Justice of the 
Peace in the reign of George II. He also represented his 
24 



county in the Legislature of the St.ite, as did also some of 
his descendants, who were men of marked intelligence 
and influence. Passing through the limited course of 
instruction of the country schools of that period, he acquired 
a fair degree of elementary education. For some years 
after leaving school he was employed as an assistant in his 
father's store, where the town library was kept, and this 
being placed under his care, gave him the opportunity of 
indulging in reading of a varied character. Ol the advan- 
tage here afforded him he diligently availed himself, thus 
gratifying his taste and fostering the habit of continually 
adding to his store of information by constant and judicious 
reading, which, even in the press and manifold occupations 
of his after life, he always preserved. A little before 
attaining his legal majority he left his native place to begin 
the battle of life at Salem, New Jersey. A successful 
career of two years in that place enabled him to establish 
himself in Philadelphia. To this city he removed in 1S23, 
and uniting with Mr. William L. Abbolt and S. C. Wood, 
under the firm of Wood, Abbolt & Wood, he started in 
life as a city merchant at what is now No. 309 Market 
street. With this house, under all its various changes 
of title, he remained connected to the day of his death. 
Commencing with but limited means, in competition with 
established houses of large capital and unlimited credit, 
who had been accustomed to extend long credits to their 
customers, with correspondingly large profits, the firm of 
Wood & Abbott inaugurated a system of selling for cash 
and at only five per cent, advance on cost, under which, 
by rapidity of sales and a frequent turning of the capital 
they possessed, the new house succeeded in equalizing 
profits with their more powerful competitors. From that 
time forward the labors and influence of Mr. Wood were 
felt in almost every undertaking having for its object the 
advancement of the material prosperity of Phil.adelphia. 
He was the first to introduce the bleaching and dyeing of 
cotton goods on a large scale for this market, in competition 
with the established and powerful corporations of New 
England. Even while cariying on this extensive business 
he found time to embark in other enterprises. The advance 
of the town of Millville, in New Jersey, is due to his far- 
sighted sagacity; about the year 185 I he became actively 
interested in that place, and estaljlishing there a large 
cotton factory, bleaching and dye works, as also extensive 
iron works, he gradually built up the town to a manufactur- 
ing depot of importance. The fiiM to appreciate the fact 
that southern New Jersey would bear the extension of rail- 
road improvement, he built the Millville S: Glassboro' Rail- 
road, and afterwards exerted a powerful influence in the 
building of the Cape May mad. wilh tlie various branches 
that conlriliule to the usefulness of Ihnt line and the conve- 
nience of its passengers and freight patrons. About 1851 
he also started the manufacture of cast-iron gas and water 
pipe, under the fiim of R. D. Wood & Co., whose products 
have entered a large proportion of the cities of the Union. 



i86 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENXVCLOP.EDIA. 



He was the owner of tlie original tract upon \^'hich i^ Imilt 
tlie town of Vinelanil, New Jersey, and it is owing to the 
generous and liberal terms with which he treated the 
founder of that thriving place, tliat the project was carried 
out. About 1S67 he erected larje factories at May's Land- 
ing, New Jersey, and also constructed a mammoth dam on 
tile Maurice river at Millville. He was, also, at critical 
]ieriods in their history, a powerful supporter, at one time, 
of the Schuylkill Navigation Company, promoting conli- 
dence in it by liberal subscriptions to its stock and loans 
when they were looked upon with suspicion and doubt ; 
and, at another time, of the Pennsylvania Ccntial Railroad, 
when it was of the most critical importance that its then 
President (Samuel V. Merrick) should be seconded, as he 
was, in his efforts to carry forward to coni])lction that great 
undertaking, by men in its directorship of just such per- 
sonal influence, fertility of resource and force of character 
as Mr. Wood. In fact, he was one of the projectors of this 
great railroad, as well as one of the reorganizers and 
Irrgest owners of the Cambria Iron Works, at Johnstov.-n, 
Pennsylvania. He was long a Director of the Philadelphia 
liank ; was one of the founders of the Union Benevolent 
Association of Philadelphia, and held directorships in 
numerous other railroads, corporations, and public institu- 
tions. Mr. Wood's talent and goodness of heart alike 
were proved by his conspicuous ability in the power of 
moulding persons who at different times joined his enter- 
prises as assistants. He rarely separated from those men, 
but developed and applied their powers until they became 
useful members of his different firms, or sometimes left 
him, upon the completion of their business education, for 
the creation of individu.al fortunes. From the laboring 
man to the possessor of business talent, he perceived the 
qualification of every applicant, and constituted himself the 
life-long friend of all who were suited to aid him; so 
powerful was his influence and disposition to promote the 
advancement of enterprising and deserving young men, 
that possibly a hundred of Philadelphia's wealthy and 
honored citirens owe their first success in business to a 
partnership in one of the various enterprises inaugurated 
and prosecuted by Mr. Wood. His agreeable relations in 
society depended largely upon his even and pleasant tein- 
per, conversational powers, ready and well-stored memory, 
and natural urbanity. Educated with the Society of Friends, 
of which he was a life-long though not active member, he 
ever displayed the sobriety and justice of apprehension 
common to that sect. Of his religious character, it may 
be said that he felt far more than he showed, having a 
dislike to formality and bigotry quite equal to his love for 
true heartfelt Christianity. He died April ist, 1869. Out 
of his fortune of several millions, he devised numerous 
beijuests to charitable objects and public institutions, among 
which were $5000 to Haverford College, $500 to the 
Union Benevolent Association of Philadelphia, and S500 
to the Shelter for Colored Orphans, He was a benefactor 



not only to the community in which he lived, but to the 
entire country; antl benefits of liis enter])rise and examples 
will be strong in their influence for good in generations 
yet to come. 



IXON, JAMES HARRIS, A. B. and A. M., Law- 
yer, of Millville, was born in Cedarville, Cumbtr- 
Innd county. New Jersey, January 30th, 1S36. 
Mis father was George W. Nixon, who followid 
the occupation of a farmer in the same comity, of 
which also his mother, Martha Harris, was a na- 
tive. He obtained his preparatory educational training at 
Harmony Academy, Bridgeton, which is now known as 
West Jersey Academy. Having fitleil himself for a univer- 
sity course, he entered Princeton College in January, 1S55, 
and was graduated in June, 1S58, with the degree of A. I!. 
In due course he received the degree of A. M. in 1861. 
After graduation he engaged in teaching school for three 
years, making an eng.agement at the Lawrenceville High 
School. Having a taste for the legal profession, he began 
to study law with the Hon. J, T. Nixon, then of Bridgeton, 
but now United States District Judge, and residing at Tren- 
ton. Having complied with all requirements he was ad- 
mitted as an attorney in November, 1863, and as counsellor 
three years subsequently. In the month after admission as 
attorney he located at Millville, and commenced the prac- 
tice of his profession, which he has continued to prosecute 
at the same place ever since, with a steadily increasing suc- 
cess. His affili.ations have alw.ays been with the Republi- 
can party, and in the fall of 1864 he was elected to the 
popular branch of the Legislature on the ticket of that or- 
ganization. He served in the House for four years, during 
the last two of which he acted as Chairman of the Judiciary 
Committee. In 186S he was elected to the Senate, where 
he served one term of three years. Since that time he has 
devoted himself to the prosecution of his profession, only 
permitting the use of his name in politics during the present 
year, when he was one of the Presidential electors upon the 
Republican ticket. He has given especial attention to ihe 
criminal law, and occupied consideralile space in the public 
eye during the celebr.ated Landis trial, on which occasion 
he was of counsel for the defendant. 



AGONER, HENRY G., M. D., Physician and 
Surgeon, of Somerville, was born in Hunterdon 
county. New Jersey, August 16th, 1829, his 
father being William Wagoner, a farmer and 
manufacturer in that county. In his youth he 
received ,a cl.assical education, studying for the 
most part under private tutors. Having decided to enter 
the medical profession, he entered upon a preparatory 




--A.-.- 



,^^^— ^^^^^^^--^^^^^^ 



EIOGRArillCAL EXCVCLOP.EDIA. 



187 



ci)nr=:e of reading with Dr. John Manners, of Clinton, 
New Jersey, and graduated from the University of Pennsyl- 
vania in the spring of 1S53. After his graduation he went 
to Stanton, New Jersey, where he entered upon the practice 
of his profession. He remained there in active and success- 
ful practice until 1S59, when he removed to Somerville, 
New Jersey, where he has since resided. His skill as a 
jiractitioner and his estimable personal qualities rendered 
Iiini exceedingly popular, and his patronage e.\teijded 
l.iigely and rapidly, embracing Somerville and a large por 
tionofthe surrounding territory. The stiain produced by 
liK large practice was too severe for his physical strength, 
and in 1S69 he found it necessary to obtain the assistance 
iif a partner. He therefore associated with himself Dr. J. 
S. Knox, now of Chicago, and so far as possible withdrew 
from active practice, in the endeavor to recruit his wasted 
strength. The partnership endured until 1S73, when, by 
the retirement of Dr. Knox, he again assumed the entire 
labor of his large practice. He is a member of the State 
and County Medical Societies, and ranks among the fore 
most of his profession in his part of the State. Withal he is 
a courteous and accomphshed gentleman, and is esteemed 
for his personal and social qualities no Jess than for his 
great professional learning and skill. He is a prominent 
member of the Misonic fraternity, has been Master of .Solo- 
mon's Lodge and High Priest of Keystone Chapter, which 
he was instrumental in organizing. He was married in 
1854 to the daughter of Philip R. Dakin, M. D., of Wil- 
mington, Ohio. She died July, 1S76. 



ALSEV, HON. GEORGE A., ex-Member of Con- 
gress, of Newark, was born in Springfield, Union 
county. New Jersey, December 7th, 1827. During 
a period extending back to 1694, his ancestors had 
resided in that neighborhood. They were farmers, 
and in his youth he himself was accustomed to the 
labors of the farm. His parents, however, removed with him 
to Newark, and a new career opened before him. He went 
as an apprentice into the establishment of Messrs. Halsey 
& Tucker, manufacturers of patent leather, and mastered 
all the details of that business. Subsequently, an opportu- 
nity presented itself to enter into the wholesale clothing busi- 
ness m connection with Southern firms, and the opportunity 
was promptly accepted. He speedily developed into a pru- 
dent, enterprising and successful business man, and the 
qualities which have since g.iined him reputation and hon- 
ors were brought into strong relief. His energy found new 
avenues of endeavor, and he became connected with various 
banking and insurance institutions of Newark. When the 
war of the rebellion broke out in 1S61 the firm of which 
he was the head suffered crushing reverses, its properly 
being all swept away by the secession of the Southern 



States. Notwithstanding this, the oliligations of the firm 
were finally met. His prompt fulfiliiicnt of every personal 
duty and obligation made it natural that his fellovv-citizens 
should turn to him for active co opeiatiun in public affairs, 
where his high integrity would be so strongly felt. In I^Oo 
he was sent to the State Legislature fiom the district in 
which he resided. Notwithstanding the fact that he was 
largely interested in Southern trade, and had intimate busi- 
ness associations with Southern men, he was an active and 
earnest Republican from the time of the organization of the 
party in New Jersey. He was one of the minority in llie 
Assembly of the State, but his integrity, judgment and hij^li 
business qualities gave him a large influence in that body, 
and during the scenes that marked the opening of the le- 
I ellion, he was one of Governor C)lden's strongest aids. In 
1861 he was re-elected to the .\ssen.bly. In 1S62, upon 
the organization of the Internal Revenue I'ureau, he was 
appointed Assessor for the Fifth District of New Jersey, 
his sphere of duties comprising one of the largest manufac- 
turing districts in the Union. Through his influence many 
of the harsher provisions of the- revenue law were amelio- 
rated. At the close of the war he was selected by the 
Revenue Commissioner to visit the Southern States for the 
purpose of instructm,; in their duties the newly-appoinlcil 
revenue officers, but the requirements of his own district 
compelled him to decline the appointment. Through all 
the years of the war he cordially sustained the administra- 
tion of President Lincoln. In iS65 President Johnson 
sought to remove him from office, but the Senate refused to 
confirm his successor, and he retained the asse-ssorshi)). 
This attempt to remove him, added to the high reputation 
he had gained, directed the attention of the Republicans of 
his district to him as their best choice for Congress. He 
was nominated unanimously, and elected by a large major- 
ity, although the district had been previously largely Dem- 
ocratic. In Congress he maintained the high character he 
had previously acquired, and was freely consulted upon 
questions affecting the manufacturing and financial interests 
of the country. His services to his district were constant 
and invaluable, and were rendered alike to Democrats and 
Republicans. He served on the Committee on the District 
of Columbia; was appointed one of the Joint Select Com- 
mittee on Retrenchment, and served with Senatoi-s Ed- 
munds and Buckalew on the sub-committee of that body, 
"to examine the method of printing and issuing bonds, 
notes and other securities," the results of which secured 
important reforms in the Treasury Department. In 1S6S he 
was unanimously renominated for Congress, but was de- 
feated, although his popularity was so great that his vole in 
his district largely exceeded that of General Grant. When 
Mr. Boutwell assumed the position of Secretary of the Treas- 
niy under Ptesident Grant's administration, he tendered 
the important office of Register to Mr. Halsey, but the po- 
sition w.TS declined by him, as, on retiring from Congiess, 
he had actively resumed his business as manufacturer of 



BIOGRAPHICAL EN'CYCLOP.EDIA. 



patent leather. He was not permitted to remain pernia- i 
iienlly in retirement, however, and in 1870 he was again ] 
nominated for Congress, and was elected by a majority of 
over three thousand. This brilliant triumph brought him 
mare prominently than ever before the country, and on 
I living his seat in the House he was .assigned to the Chair- 
in xnsliip of one of the most important committees, the du- 
ties of which he performed with the fidelity and ability char- 
acteristic of him. It was due mainly to his watchfulness of 
the interests of his district and State, that the new court 
h >use and post-office at Trenton, and the post-office at 
Jersey City, were secured, and that the improvements in 
the Passaic and other rivers of the .State were authorized. 
At the close of this Congress he received from the people of 
Hudson county, wholly irrespective of party, a valuable tes- 
timonial of their appreciation of the high official services he 
hid rendered. In 1872 he was urged to again accept a 
nomination for Congress, but declined. He was not per- 
mitted to retire to private life, however. Upon the retire- 
ment of Governor Ward he was chosen President of the 
Newark Industrial Exposition, and was the real as well as 
the nominal head of that enterprise. In connection with 
Governor Randolph and others he has been prominent in 
preserving to the future Washington's head-quarters at 
Morristown, and is at present one of the Commissioners of 
the new Lunatic Asylum at Morris Plains. Previous to the 
last gubernat6ri.il convention, he was prominently named as 
a fitting nominee for the position of Governor. His friends 
believed that he possessed in a pre-eminent degree the 
qualities necessary to success, and in that belief the delegates 
who assembled at Trenton on the 27th of August, 1874, 
concurred most cordially, and nominated him by acclimation 
for the high position named. The nomination was made 
■without the faintest solicitation on his part, and was in every 
way most honorable to him, showing unmistakably the high 
esteem in which he is held as a citizen, and the admiration 
accorded to his public career. In this year, however, 
occurred the tidal wave which proved so disastrous to the 
Republican party, and the Democrats succeeded in electing 
his opponent. .Since that time he has been chiefly engaged 
in the management of his CNtensive business, but he has not 
lost his interest in public affairs. At the New Jersey State 
Republican Convention in May, 1S76, he was appointed a 
Senatorial Delegate to the National Republican Convention 
held at Cincinnati. 



^REDENBURGH, HON. PETER, LL.D., Lawyer, 
was born, 1S05, at Readington, Hunterdon county. 
New Jei'sey, and was the son of Dr. Peter Vreden- 
burgh, of Somerville. He graduated at Rutgers 
College, in 1S26; studied law; was licensed as 
an attorney in 1829; and began practice at Enton- 
town, Monmouth county, and in a year removed to Freehold, 



where he continued until his death. In 1S37 he was made 
Prosecutor of the Pleas for Monmouth county, and held 
that position for fifteen years. This office brought him in 
conflict with the best legal talent, and it was soon discov- 
ered that he possessed a high order of intellect, stored with 
a thorough knowledge uf the great principles of jurispru- 
dence. From that time his professional success was as- 
sured. He at once took rank with the foremost practitioners 
of the county, and the Supreme Court reports of that period 
prove that from the year 1840 to his appointment as Judge, 
he was concerned in all cases of magnitude in Monmouth 
and Ocean counties. In the discharge of his duties as 
Prosecutor of the Pleas, he displayed signal ability. He 
was peculiarly fitted for the position. If he had doubts of 
the guilt of a prisoner, he frankly said so, and consented to 
an acquittal. But he was a terror to evil-doers. His clear- 
ness of perception enabled him to detect falsehood in evi- 
dence and sophistry in reasoning; and he would weave 
around the guilty such a web of circumstances that the most 
eloquent defender of the accused could not destroy, nor 
deliver the culprits from the penalty of their crimes. Prior 
to the adoption of the new Constitution of New Jersey, he 
served .as a member of the Legislative Council, being the 
representative from Monmouth county. In 1855 he w.as 
appointed one of the Associate Justices of the Supreme 
Court by Governor Price, although of opposite politics ; and 
in 1862 he was reappointed to the office by Governor 
Olden, thus holding the position for fourteen years, dis- 
charging the duties of the office ably and acceptably, and 
sustaining a reputation as second to no one on the bench. 
Many of his decisions are regarded as among the ablest 
reported, and all bear evidence of having been most care- 
fully prepared. To the discharge of the duties of this office 
he brought a mind in the maturity of its powers, improved 
by long study and experience. When a young man he 
took an active part in politics, and was an ardent member 
of the Whig party ; in later years, although a Judge, he 
sympathized with the Republicans. At the commencement 
of the civil war, the passions of the people of Monmouth 
county were aroused to a state of frenzy, and insults and 
outrages were inflicted on many citizens under the impres- 
sion that the party sympathies of Judge Vredenburgh would 
sustain them ; while the aggrieved were on the point of 
taking the law into their own hands, and meet violence 
with violence. At this critical time the Judge, rising above 
the passions and prejudices of the hour, divesting himself of 
all personal and partisan feelings, proved himself a wise 
and fearless magistrate. His famous charge to the grand 
jury, and their action, taught the violent that there still was 
law ; and the aggrieved that the law could protect. For 
this he was denounced by some, harsh names were given, 
and still harsher threats were made; but time has fully vin- 
dicated his action. At the close of his second term of office 
he resumed the ]Maciice of the law, but his health soon 
began to fail. This was increased by the death of a favor- 



BIOGRArillCAL EN'CVCLOP.EDIA. 



iSg 



ite son. Major Peter Vredenljurgh, Jr., who was killeil 
in llie lialtle of Winchester, Virginia, the sacrifice he laid 
U|ion the altar of his country, to maintain the right, and to 
preserve the Union : consequently, he was compelled to 
aliandon his practice. For a time he found partial solace 
and comfort in reading; but soon his sight failed, and that 
source of pleasure to a cultivated mind was denied him. 
At length, in the hope of prolonging life, he was induced 
to seek a more genial clime, but all was unavailing. He 
held during his active life various minor public positions of 
trust and honor, and at the time of his death he was one of 
the Commissioners on Riparian Rights. He died in the 
city of St. Augustine, Florida, March 24th, 1S7J. 



[REDENBURGU, MAJOR PETER, Lawyer and 
Soldier, son of Judge Vredenburgh, whose bio- 
graphical sketch appears above, was born at Free- 
hold, New Jersey. He received a liberal edu- 
cation, studied law, and was admitted to the bar, 
where he soon achieved a good position. In Au- 
gust, 1862, being then in his twenty-seventh year, he deter- 
mined to oflfer his life in the cause of country, being impelled to 
this course by the early disasters of the war and the obvious 
necessity for patriotic action on the part of the best blood in 
the land. Descended, on both sides, from men found 
among the gallant defenders of Harlem and Leyden, he 
could not resist the call on behalf of liberty and the na- 
tion. At this lime the 14th Regiment New Jersey Vol- 
unteers was being largely recruited in his own county, 
and on August 25th, 1862, he received a commission as 
Major in that regiment. It was with some hesitation, 
however, that he accepted so high a rank, being wholly ig- 
norant of military science. But his natural ability mani- 
fested itself in a singularly early mastery of his duties, and 
he at once established for himself a character unrivalled in 
the regiment as a capable and efficient officer. His com- 
mand passed the greater portion of the first year at Frederick 
City, Maryland, and for six months of this period Major 
Vredenburgh acted as Provost-Marshal of the city, exhibit- 
ing in that capacity marked executive ability. September 
5th, 1863, he was appointed Inspector-General of the Third 
Division of the Third Corps by General French, and was so 
attached to the staff of General Elliot until October 4th, 
1S63, and then on that of his successor. General Carr, until 
December 4th following. A week later General French 
appointed him Inspector-General of the Third Corps, then 
consisting of about twenty-seven thousand men. He proved 
himself exceptionally valuable as a staff officer. Consider- 
ing his lack of previous training, military or engineering, 
his topographical eye was exceptionally accurate, while his 
disregard of danger, his self-confidence and enterprising 
performance of duty, gave his services conspicuous impor- 
tance. When towards the spring of 1S64 the Third Division 



of the Third Corps, to which Major Vredenburgh belonned, 
was transferred to the Sixth Corps, he remained al the head- 
quarters of his division on the staff of General Ricketts. In 
General Grant's advance across the Rapidan on May 4lh, 
1S64, he bore himself gallantly. A member of his regi- 
ment thus describes his conduct : " Our Major had done 
gloriously ; all day he had been in the saddle ; all day he 
rode backward and forward through' the storm of leaden 
hail. Was there an order to carry to that part of the divi- 
sion that wavered under a galling fire of the enemy, who to 
carry it but young Vredenburgh ? Who could take it as 
well? His eagle eye took in the field at a glance. How 
our boys would shout as they saw him dashing with the 
speed of an arrow from one end of the line to the other — 
for he rode swiftly; he was a splendid horseman." On the 
following day, and during the whole of that terrible cam- 
paign of the Wilderness, at Crujnp's Cieek and Spottsylvania, 
he displayed most daring courage, high address and active 
energy. Again, at the battle of Cold Harbor, his conduct com- 
manded the highest praise from his superior officers, and won 
from his soldiers the significant title of " Commander of the 
Sixth Corps." Early in July the 14th regiment, withdrawn 
from Petersburg, returned to Frederick City, and crossing 
the Monocacy river on the 8th of that month, fought neaily 
alone the hard-fought engagement known by that stream's 
name. The Major was at that time attached to the staff of 
General Ricketts, and many spectators of the fight assert 
that he displayed more bravery than any man in the field. 
On this day Lieutenant-Colonel Hall, commanding, and 
every captain in the regiment who successively took com- 
mand, were either killed or wounded. Thereupon the 
Major asked to be returned to his regiment, and under his 
command, on September iSth, 1S64, after much marching 
and counter-marching, it proceeded from its works at Berry- 
ville, in the direction of Winchester, and near Opequan 
again engaged the enemy. The charge was made at eight 
in the morning, through a galling fire of ball and shell. 
Major Vredenburgh led his men, having previously declared 
his intention to lead them to the enemy's intrenchments. 
While gallantly pushing forward he was struck by a frag- 
ment of shell and killed instantly. His last words w'ere : 
"Forward, men! Forward, and guide on me!" Thus 
nobly died one who had nobly lived. 



LDEN, HON. CHARLES S., ex-Governor of 
New Jersey, was born, February, 1797, at the 
old homestead at Stony Brook, near Prince- 
ton, which has been in the possession of the 
family since 1696. After receiving a fair En- 
glish education, he entered his father's store as 
a clerk, but subsequently removed to Philadelphia before 
attaining his majority, and entered the mercantile house of 
Matthew Newkirk, on Second street near Arch. After 



I go 



EIOGRAnilCAL ENCYCLOr.EDIA. 



some years' service as a clerk, lie was taken into the house 
as a partner, and was finally hitrusted with Ihe management 
of the branch house of Newkirk & Co., in New Orleans, 
where he remained from 1825 to 1834. Having acquired a 
large fortune, he returned to New Jersfey, and purchased a 
farm near Princeton, where he settled down, and gave his 
attention to agricultural pursuits. He was subsequently 
elected to the State Senate in 1844, and re-elected in 1S47, 
serving altogether six years in that body. In 1856 he took 
an active part in the Presidential campaign in support of the 
election of Millard Fillmore, but subsequently allied himself 
to the Republican party, and in 1859 became the nominee 
of that organization for Governor; he was elected by a ma- 
jority of 1,651 votes over his Democratic opponent, General 
E. R. V. Wright. Although possessed of liberal conserva- 
tive principles, and being in favor of a conciliatory course 
towards the South, he gave an enthusiastic and unfaltering 
support to the national government on the outbreak of hos- 
tilities. His record during this trying period was of the 
purest, noblest and most patriotic character. His honesty 
was never doubted, and his administration of the affairs of 
his native State during a three year^' term gave full satisfac- 
tion to all classes. Beside those of Governor and State 
Senator, he held many other positions of honor and trust 
during his career. At one time he was a member of the 
Court of Errors and Appeals, and the Court of Pardons, and 
he was also a" Commissioner of the State Sinking Fund. 
An old-fashioned legislator, he was alvi'ays careful, thought- 
ful and discreet while serving the State in any capacity. He 
died April 7th, 1S76. 



ARNED, SAMUEL P., M.D., of Woodbridge, 
was born in New York city, June 9th, 1836, his 
parents being William and Mary (Phillips) Har- 
neil. He received his education at the New 
Yoik public schools, and at the age of sixteen 
entered the dry goods trade. In 1S56 he removed 
to Woodbridge, New Jersey, and there became associated 
with his father in the management of a general store. This 
connection continued for eighteen months, when the father 
withdrew, and Mr. S. E. Ensign entered the firm as junior 
partner. The firm of Harned & Ensign existed for six 
years, but during this time Dr. Harned was preparing him- 
self for the duties of his intended profession. Procuring the 
requisite text-books, he studied medicine in such leisure 
time as he could take from his business, and having attended 
the necessary courses of lectures at the University of New 
York, he received his degree in 1868. During the two 
years previous to his graduation, he was an office student 
with Professor Benjamin Howard, who held the chair of 
Surgery in the University, and in the year subsequent to 
his graduation he attended a special course of lectures by 
Prof. Alfred L. Loomis upon " Physical Di.agnosis." Upon 
the receipt of his degree he established himself at Wood- 



bridge, where he has built up an extensive and lucrative 
practice. He has for several years held the position of 
Township Physician ; has been one of the Coroners of Mid- 
dlesex county, and is a prominent member of the Middlesex 
County Medical Society. On the 12th of October, 1859, 
he was married to Rebecca S., daughter of James Blood- 
good; she dying in 1869, he was again married, December 
loth, 1874, to Fannie S. Bloodgood, a sister of his first wife. 



^n!\OUGHERTY, ALEXANDER N., A. M., M. D., 
vJ 1 1 Physician, of Newark, was born, January 1st, 1822, 
^{'1 ' I '" ^^^ "^''y °^ '''^ present residence. His parents 
"\f!^ are Alexander N. Dougherty, a leather merchant 
lo yji and a native of New York, and Sarah (Cougar) 
Dougherty, of Newark. Dr. Dougherty's education 
was commenced in the private schools of Newark, and the 
instruction here received was supplemented by a legular 
four years' course at Oberlin College, Ohio, from which 
institution he graduated in the fall of 1S41, with the degree 
of A. B., followed in three years by that of A. M., which 
degree was also conferred upon him by Princeton College, in 
1S65-66. In the choice of a profession he was decided by a 
strong natural bias, and the inclination which the possession 
of such bias brings, to determine upon that of physician and 
surgeon, and with characteristic zeal and energy he entered 
upon the task of fitting himself for the career he had chosen. 
After thorough and effective preliminary study he entered the 
Albany Medical College, where he attended a course of 
lectures. After this he went through the regular course at 
the College of Physicians and Surgeons, in New York, of 
the alumni of which he is now Vice-President. Graduating 
here in the spring of 1845, he entered at once upon Ihe 
(iractice of his profession m Newark, the city of his birth. 
He remained in Newark, actively engaged in professional 
duties, until the brealdng out of the war of the rebellion in 
1S61, when he entered the army of the United States, and 
commenced a new career of more than ordinary brilliancy. 
He went into the government service as Surgeon of the 4th 
New Jersey Volunteers, receiving his commission from Gov- 
ernor Olden. Soon afterwards he passed examination at 
Washington, was made Brigade Surgeon of Volunteers, and 
was assigned for duty under General Kearny, with whom 
he served until the spring of 1862. At that time he became 
Surgeon of General N. J. T. Davis' brigade, and with that 
organization ser%'ed through the Peninsular campaign, and 
also at the battle of Antietam. In this engagement he acted as 
Medical Director of the. Second Army Corps of the Army of the 
Potomac, under command of General Sumner. After the bat- 
tle of Antietam he was duly commissioned as Medical Direc- 
tor of the Second Coqis, and did duty in that capacity until 
shortly before the battle of Fredericksburg, when he was 
promoted to the position of Medical Director of the Right 



EIOGRAPIIICAL EXCVCLOI'.EDIA. 



IQt 



Grand Division of the Army of the Pulomac, comprising the 
Second and Ninth Corps. This was the highest and most re- 
sponsihle position attained by any officer of the volunteer medi- 
cal staff. Upon the dissohition of the Grand Division, he w/as 
retransferred to the Second Corps, as its Medical Director, 
and served in this capacity until October, 1864, when his 
services were solicited and obtained by General Hancock, 
and he became Medical Director of the Veteran Corps, and 
when that officer was placed in command of the Army of 
the Shenandoah, Dr. Dougherty accompanied him as his 
chief medical officer. He served here until he was trans- 
ferred to the Department of West Virginia, of which depart- 
ment he was Medical Directoruntil he was mustered out of 
service in October, 1865. In the campaign before Peters- 
burg he was made Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel, and at the 
close of the war he received the brevet rank of Colonel. 
He did not go unscathed through the duties of his varied 
and responsible duties in the war ; he was wounded at the 
battle of Spottsylvania. After the close of the war he served 
for a period of six months as surgeon on the Pacific mail 
steamers, and at the end of that time returned to Newark, 
where he resumed his private practice. His preference is 
for surgery, and his services in that department of the pro- 
fession are much in demand. He has been one of the 
attending Surgeons of St. Barnabas Hospital, in Newark, 
since the opening of the institution. He is connected with 
various medical societies, county and State, and has several 
times been a delegate to the.Vmerican Medical Association. 
He was married in 1S50 to llenriLtta Arrowsmith, of Morris 
county, New Jersey. 



»UNT, HENRY FRANCIS, M. D., of Camden, was 
born in Cranston, Providence county, Rhode Island, 
March 28th, 1S38. He is the eldest son of Joshua 
Hunt, who for many years was a well-known cotton 
manufacturer. His ancestors were among the 
earliest settlers of that .State ; having come over from 
England and settled in Newport in 1654. His ancestors on 
his mother's side were among the leading men of the State 
during the revolutionary war, and have always been promi- 
nent in public affairs. He received his preliminary educa- 
tion in the public schools of Providence and at Smithville 
Seminary. In 1854 he entered ■^rovidence Conference 
Seminary, where he commenced a collegiate course of 
study. Here he remained three years, when his father's 
business suffering from the financial crisis of that period, he 
aliandoned the idea of college. Entering his flither's busi- 
ness house, he assisted in conducting afflrirs with the inten- 
tion of preparing for a commercial life. During the two 
years he remained here he pursued his studies privately, 
endeavoring to supply whatever was lacking in his educa- 
tion. Finding commercial life not suited to his tastes, he 
decided to enter upon the study of medicine. This he 
connnenced in the office of a distinguished allopathic physi- 



cian, where lie continued for two years, attending a ]iaiti.\l 
course of lectures in Bellevue Hospital College, New York. 
At this time his attention was called to the system of honitr- 
upalliy, which he had seen practised with the most successful 
results, during an epidemic of diphtheria. Giving the 
principles a thorSugh examination, he became convinced of 
the superiority of the new school over the old, and entered 
at once upon the study, in the office of Dr. Okie, of Provi- 
dence. He attended two full courses of lectures at the 
HomcEopalhic Medical College of Pennsylvania, where he 
graduated with the class of 1S64. The decease of J. R. 
Andrews, M. D., of Camden, leaving a vacancy in the field 
there. Dr. Hunt immediately assumed charge of the exten- 
sive practice already established. Dr. Andrews w'as the 
pioneer of homoeopathy in Camden, where he had labored 
faithfully and successfully for over twenty years. Here Dr. 
Hunt found his duties very arduous. From the first day he 
assumed them, they demanded his closest attention, and 
most faithfully and earnestly has he discharged his duty. 
He has always appreciated the responsibility of Jiis position, 
and has allowed himself but little time for recreation since 
the commencement of his piofessional life, and has kept 
himself well posted in the literature of both systems of 
medical practice. He has been punctual in his attendance at 
the meetings of the several medical societies of which he is 
a member, and has aided in making these meetings interest- 
ing by the contribution of valuable papers. He w as one of 
the founders of New Jersey State Ilonioxipalhic Medical 
Society, of which he was afterward President, and aided in 
securing a liberal charter for the same, conferring all the 
privileges upon the homoeopathic physician that are en- 
joyed by the allopathic. He also assisted in organizing the 
West Jersey Homoeopathic Medical Society, of which he was 
afterward President. These societies have aided materially 
in the spread of homoeopathy in the State. He has been a 
delegate from these societies to the American Institute of 
Homteopathy every year since he joined that body. In 
1 866 he was married to Theresa Ilugg, of Camden, daugh- 
ter of the late William Hugg, Esi]. He has filled satisfac- 
torily to his numerous patients the position left vacant by the 
death of one whose ministry had secured him the mo.st 
enviable reputation. His practice has increased until it has 
becoine one of the most lucrative in the city. He has suc- 
ceeded in winning the confidence and esteem of the entire 
community, by his Chriilian character and professional 
ability. 

^'. ~^^*~ 

IDGWAY, HON. CALEB G., of Burlington, Mer- 
chant, and State Senator, was born in Springfield 
township, Burlington county, New Jersey, April 
4th, 1836. His ancestors were amongst the 
(3~^^ early settlers of the State, and of that class of 
English Friends, the cultivated and industrious 
yeomanry, to whom the citizens are indebted for its promi- 



192 



BIOGRAPHICAL EN'CVCLOP.EDIA. 



nence in advanced agriculture, horticulture and social accom- 
plishments. He was educated in the schools of Burlington 
city, whose fame for thorough, practical mental training 
has been so long established. At the age of fourteen, when 
his father died, he was apprenticed in a dry goods and gro- 
cery store, where lie faithfully discharged every duty for 
three years. Then he w.is taken into the employ of a Ger- 
man importing house in Philadelphia, where, after a few 
years of diligent application to business, he was promoted 
to the full agency of one of the largest dry goods firms in 
Europe. His business qualifications, and agreeable, social 
manners, are fully appreciated by his employers, and are 
rewarded by special marks of consideration. At the age of 
thirty he commenced his political career by his election to 
the Common Council of the city of Burlington, and although 
from local causes and interests the political complexion is 
variable, his positive conservative character has secured his 
re-election, until he has served in that office for ten consecu- 
tive years; during the last two he has been successively 
chosen to preside over the deliberations of that body. In 1872 
he was elected to represent Burlington township in the board 
of chosen freeholders of Burlington county; his ability was 
recognized by his constituents, and he was rewarded by a 
re-election in 1S73 ; his services and business qualifications 
increased his popularity throughout the county, and made 
fur him the prominence th.at merit deserves. On the l8th 
of .September, 1876, he received the unanimous vote of the 
Democratic Convention of Burlington county for State 
Senator, and after one of the most e.xciling and closely con- 
tested elections ever held in the county, against one of the 
most popular candidates of the opposite party, he secured 
his election to fill the seat that only twice before has been 
occupied by a Democrat, the Republican majority in this 
county ranging from eight hundred to twelve hundred. 



"Raines, HON. DANIEL, Lawyer, Jurist, Governor 
and Chancellor of New Jersey, was born, 1801, in 
the city of New York, and was the son of the late 
Elias Haines, for many years a highly respected 
and successful merchant of that city, who m.irried a 
daughter of Robert Ogden, of Sussex county, New 
Jersey, and a sister of Governor Ogden. His grandfather, 
Stephen H.iines, was distinguished during the revolutionary 
era for his earnest patriotism and sufferings for the cause ; 
and accordingly incurred the hatred of the Tories. The 
hitler, aided by an armed band, surrounded his dwelling, 
and captured him with his sons, all of whom they took to 
New York, and imprisoned them in the celebrated " Sugar 
House," where they remained for a long time, enduring 
untold sufferings. Daniel was educated partly in New 
York, and at the academy in Elizabcthtown : he matriculated 
at Princeton College, and graduated from that institution in 
1S20. After leaving college he entered the law office of 



Thomas C. Ryerson, at Newton ; and was licensed as an at- 
torney in 1823, as a counsellor in 1826, and finally reached the 
highest rank — that of serjeant-at-law — in 1S37. He made 
choice of Hamburg, Sussex county, as his residence, and 
there he commenced the practice of his profession in 1824. 
The same year witnessed the nomination of Andrew Jackson 
for the Presidency, in which he took an active part in forward- 
ing the interests of the organization which placed him as tlie 
leader of the same. Both Federalists and Democrats pro- 
nounced in favor of the hero of New Orleans, so that Sussex 
county became the stronghold of the Democracy, and ever 
gave the heaviest majorities, for that parly, over any county in 
the State. In 1S39, a m.itler of local interest to Sussex county 
having arisen, he was tendered a nomination to the Legisla- 
tive Council of the State, which he accepted, and was accord- 
ingly elected. At this time the " broad seal " contest was 
waging, in which he also became engaged. The refusal of 
the .Speaker of the House of Representatives — R. M. T. 
Hunter, of Virginia — to receive the resolutions passed liy 
the New Jersey Legislature the previous year, incited the 
Whigs to renew the contest the following year; and a series 
of resolutions were prepared and introduced into that body 
denouncing the action of the National House of Representa- 
tives as virtually reading New Jersey out of the Union. 
To Daniel Haines was assigned the part to opjwse these 
resolutions, and he ardently contested the right as well as 
the propriety of the Legislature to pass them. But the 
Whigs having a large majority, the resolutions were carried. 
The debate, in which he bore so prominent a part, served 10 
bring him forward as a leader of the Democracy ; he was 
re-elected a member of the Council, but declined another 
nomination. In 1843 ^^ "'^^ elected, by the two houses of 
the Legislature, Governor and Chancellor of the State; and 
he was the last Governor elected by the joint action of the 
two houses. He was earnest in advocating a change in the 
Constitution of the State, and labored earnestly for the pass- 
age of a law which should authorize the calling of a Con- 
vention for that purpose. He was also the warm friend of 
the free school system, and recommended the same to the 
Legislature and the people of the State. After the new 
Constitution was framed and passed by a vote of the people, 
he was continued in the office of Governor, etc., until his 
successor. Governor Stratton, was inaugurated in January, 
1845, having declined the nomination as candidate in the first 
election under the new Constitution, whereby the people 
voted directly for the Governor. In 1847, however, he ac- 
cepted the nomination of his party and was elected. At the 
expiration of his term of office he resumed the practice of 
the Inw until November, 1852, when he took his seat on 
the bench of the Supreme Court of the State, having been 
previously nominated to that office and confirmed by the 
Senate : at the close of his term, he was reapjioinled, so 
that he retained that position for fourteen years. For several 
years he was President Judge of the Newark circuii, ihe nm^t 
important in the State; and when his term of oflicc was 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 



193 



about to expire, he received an elegant testimonial of respect 
from the members of its bar. As already stated, Governor 
Haines was an ardent supporter of the measures of General 
Jackson and his successors in the Democratic school of 
politics. He had been, previous to 1S24, a believer in the 
doctrines of the Federal party as promulgated years previous, 
and he regarded General Jackson as being the true successor 
of the Federalistic school. He retained his Democratic 
sentiments down to the period of the great rebellion, 
voting, in 1S60, against the Republican party, and in favor 
of the " Union Democratic Ticket." After the election of 
Abraham Lincoln, he earnestly advocated every measure 
which might be adopted to prevent the war; but when the 
Southern States seceded, and the flag was fired upon at Fort 
Sumter, he wheeled into the line in support of the Union, 
and used all his influence to raise men and means to carry 
on the war for the restoration of the Union. His two sons, 
and a son-in-law, with his entire approbation, volunteered 
for the cause, and one of the former gave his life to his 
country. Notwithstanding this, he was a warm supporter 
of General McClellan and HoratioSeymour when nominated 
in opposition to Lincoln and Grant ; and he has sieaddy 
opposed the reconstruction acts of the Republican party, as 
being, in his estimation, a clear violation of the Constitution. 
He has ever been a warm friend of education for the masses, 
and for every measure which will advance the establishment 
of public schools. He was named, in 1S45, one of the Com- 
missioners to select a site for the State Lunatic Asylum, and 
was a member of the first Board of Managers of the same. 
In 1S65 he was appointed a Trustee of the " Reform School 
for Juvenile Delinquents," at Jamestown, when he was 
elected and still continues President of the Board : he was 
also appointed, during the same year, a Commissioner to 
select a site for the " Home for Disabled Soldiers," and 
afterwards was named as one of Us managers. In 186S he 
was selected as one of the Commissioners on the Slate Prison 
system of New Jersey and of other States, " and to report an 
improved plan for the government and discipline of the 
prison." Governor Randolph appointed him, in 1S70, as 
one of the Commissioners to the National Prison Reform 
Congress, which convened at Cincinnati ; and by that body 
he was named one of a committee having for its object the 
organization of a National Prison Reform Association, and 
an International Congress on Prison Discipline and Reform. 
In the former, he was made one of the corporators, and also 
one of the Vice-Presidents. In religious belief he is a 
Presbyterian, and for many years a communicant member 
and a ruling elder. He has been on various occasions a 
Commissioner to the General Assembly, and has ever been 
an earnest advocate for the union of the two great divisions 
inio which that church became divided. He is also promi- 
nently identified with those societies auxiliary to the church 
of his choice, especially in Sunday-school work, and the Bible 
Society. For many years past he has been one of the Board 
of Trustees of Princeton College. [Died, Jan. 26ih, 1S77.] 
25 



2^|SvTRATT0N, BENJAMIN HARRIS, M. D., late 
5? m. of Mount Holly, New Jersey, was born in that 
place, February 6th, 1804. He was the son of Dr. 
John L. and Anna H. Stratton, the latter being 
a daughter of Dr. James Stratton, of Swedesboro, 
Gloucester county, in the same State. Dr. John 
L. Stratton was a Jerseyman, having been born in Fairfield, 
Cumberland county, February 23d, 1778. He enjoyed 
good educational advantages and unproved them ; his medi- 
cal studies he pursued nnder the direction of Dr. James 
Stratton ; he graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 
the year 1800, shortly after located in Mt. Holly, and there 
successfully pursued his profession, with an interruption of 
only six months, until a few years before his death, which 
occurred on August I7lh, 1845. The son, Benjamin Harris, 
was prepared for college at B,iskenridge, which then enjoyed 
a high reputation as a preparatory school, and graduated at 
Princeton College in September, 1823. Vqi-y .soon thereafter 
he commenced the study of medicine with the father, and 
graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in the spring 
of 1827. Soon after gradu.aling he entered into partnership 
with his father as a medical practitioner. They continued 
together until a few years before the father's death, when 
the infirmities of age, made premature by his onerous life- 
work, caused the father to retire from active practice ; and 
the son, in addition to the labor, hardships and responsibili- 
ties of an already large and increasing practice, assumed 
the duties laid" aside by the father; and how well, conscien- 
tiously and successfully they were performed, the love, ven- 
eration and respect of the community he served so long most 
eloquently declare. He continiied his professional labors 
through all the changes and vicissitudes of a half century 
up to the commencement of his last illness, and then un- 
willingly laid them aside only at the commands of his attend- 
ing physicians. After several months of confinement and suf- 
fering with a complication of diseases, borne with the 
resignation of a Christian gentleman, he died December 29th, 
1875, ^ged seventy-two years. He was a high-toned, honora- 
ble gentleman, just and upright in all his dealings, possess, 
ing a high sense of integrily, from which he never swerved. 
He was a cheerful, genial com])anion, wnrm and true m his 
friendships, and compassionate and considerate of the feelings 
of others. In his professional life the same characteristics 
that distinguished him as a man — honor, honesty and integ- 
rity — were prominent, wilh an enthusi.astic love for his 
calling that was shown in his practice, in his daily intercourse 
with physicians, m the meetings of the medical societies, 
and in his observance of the laws of medical etiquette. As 
a physician, through all the years of his practice, he held a 
prominent position among those of the State. He was one 
of the founders of the Burlington County Medical .Society 
in 1829, was elected President several limes, and served as 
Treasurer for many years. He was almost always present 
at its st.ated meetings, and actively participated m the pro- 
ceedings, and when young physicians were elected as mem- 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENXYCLOr.^DIA. 



bers, he would extend to them a cordial greeting, and in 
all their after professional intercourse with him, be to them 
friend, guide and counsellor. He was a member and 
regular attendant of the meetings of the New Jersey Slate 
Medical Society, and was elected President in the year 1838. 
As a practitioner, he was successful m the treatment of 
diseases, and not only won the confidence of his patients by 
his skill, but their hearts by his kindness and sympathy. 
He was noted for his ready resource m the use and adapta- 
tion of "domestic remedies" as adjuncts in the cure of 
disease, and as a prescriber of officinal standard remedies 
in their combinations and adaptability to the ailment under 
treatment he had few or no superiors. He acquired a high 
reputation as an accoucheur, and was veiy skilful in the 
use of the forceps. And amid all his labors he was a close 
student of the current medical literature of the day, and 
thus kept pace with the material advancement of medical 
science. He was married May iiih, 1S29, and left a widow 
and two daughters. At a special meeting of the County 
Medical Society a preamble and series of resolutions were 
adopted setting forth the honor and esteem with which his 
labors and character inspired his professional brelliren. 



'TEARNS, JOHN O., for many years Superintend- 
ent and Engineer of the Central Railroad of New 
Jersey, was born in Billerica, near Boston, Mas- 
sachusetts, August 3d, 1805. He was the son of 
John Stearns, and one of a family of four sons and 
two daughters. For educational advantages he 
was indebted only to the district schools, which were only 
permitted to claim part of his time, the remainder being 
passed on his father's farm. This property had been in the 
family for several generations, descending to his father from 
his earlier ancestors through John O.'s grandfather, Hon. 
Isaac Stearns. From his sixteenth to his twentieth year 
the subject of this sketch was engaged in mechanical pur- 
suits; thereafter he was employed in a subordinate capacity 
in the construction of the Blackstone Canal, in Rhode Is- 
land, and of Fort Trumbull, Connecticut. A few years 
subsequently he made a contract for the building of locks 
on the Chesapeake & Ohio Canal, and followed with ano- 
ther for constructing the macadamized turnpike road from 
Ilai-per's Ferry up the valley of the Shenandoah to Smith- 
field. In 1832 he began his career as railroad contractor 
by taking several sections on the Philadelphia & Colum- 
bia Railroad. From that time he was continuously engaged 
in building roads in different parts of the country until the 
formation of his permanent connection with the Central 
Railroad of New Jersey. He built as many as twenty dif- 
ferent roads ; among the more important may be mentioned 
the Camden & Amboy Railroad, in New Jersey; the 
Philadelphia & Trenton, in Pennsylvania; the Philadel- 
phia, Wilmington & Baltimore ; the Baltimore & Ohio ; 



the Philadelphia & Columbia; the Delaware & Atlan- 
tic ; the Tioga, in Pennsylvania ; the Blossburg & Corn- 
ing, in New York ; the Elizabethtown & Somerville, now 
the Central Railroad of New Jersey. His most extensive 
operations were conducted in connection with the last men- 
tioned railway, his services being almost exclusively devoted 
to It after the year 1S42 until his death. The original line 
extending from Elizabethport to Somerville was built by 
him and his partner. Coffin Colkett. They afterwards 
leased the road and operated it ; when it was sold under 
foreclosure of the mortgage, they bought it in and organized 
for lis operation a new company of which John O. Stearns 
was elected Superintendent, and also a member of the Board 
of Direciors. After a while a scheme was projected for 
the extension of the line to the Delaware, and a company 
was formed for the purpose under the title of the Somer- 
ville & Easlon Railroad Company. Mr. Stearns took a 
very active share in floating this enterprise, and upon the 
organization became a member of the Board of Directors. 
In this capacity he rendered very efficient assistance in 
urging forward the construction of the line. When in 1849 
the two companies were consolidated under the style of the 
Central Railroad of New Jersey, his valuable services were 
secured to superintend the whole road, and he retained his 
seat at the newly-organized Board. Subsequently to the 
title of Superintendent that of Engineer was added, and the 
duties of this arduous and responsible position he continued 
to discharge with marked ability and fidelity during life. 
At the time of his death the company was about to raise 
him to the Vice-Presidency. For twenty years previous to 
this event he had been eng.iged somewhat extensively in 
the iron, lumber and mining business in New York and 
Pennsylvania. These operations he opened by the pur- 
chase, in 1842, of the property of the Lycoming Coal and 
Iron Company of Pennsylvania, consisting of coal and iron 
mines, a large rolling mill, iron foundry, lumber mills, tim- 
ber lands, with improvements, etc., which had cost a company 
of capitalists from Boston nearly half a million of dollars. 
Mr. Stearns, however, acquired it at a greatly reduced price. 
After operating the whole for several years, he disposed of 
all but the timber lands and lumber mills, which he contin- 
ued to work upon a much larger scale than formerly up to 
the period of his death. He also devoted much time and 
thought to, and was at considerable expense in projecting, 
plans for the development of the iron resources of New Jer- 
sey. Indeed, he was pre-eminently a man of affairs ; his 
activity and sagacity in business were remarkable, and no 
less so was his administrative ability, as is illustrated by the 
circumstance that at one lime he was engaged in, and 
brought to successful completion, the construction of as 
many as seven different roads. In character he was singu- 
larly upright and unselfish. It is very rare to find a man 
declining an increase of compensation for services, yet when 
the Central Railroad Company, in just appreciation of his 
untiring devotion to their interests, proposed to raise his 




^azi/fiiiCt.IUli^' 




BIOGRAPHICAL E.N'CVCLOP.EDIA. 



'95 



salary, he objected on Ihe ground that he was already paid 
as much as he thought was merited. The company, how- 
ever, insisted, disregarding his protest, and carried their 
point. He was very generous in disposition, and out of the 
abundance of his means was always ready to help not only 
public enterprises but private charities. By his fellow-citi- 
zens he was naturally held in very high esteem, those ad- 
miring him the most who knew him best. He died at his 
residence in Ehzabeth, in November, 1S62, leaving behind 
a record of unimpeachable integrity in all his dealings. 



TEARNS, JOSIAH O., late .Superintendent of the 
Central Railroad Company of New Jersey, was 
born in New Hampshire in the year 1S31. He 
commenced railroad life as a conductor on the 
Pennsylvania Railroad, from which he subse- 
quently transferred his services to the New Jer- 
sey Central, in which company he was the Assistant Su- 
perintendent until lS52, when he succeeded his relative, 
John O. Stearns, as Superintendent. He was indefaligal>le 
in the discharge of his duties to the company, and was uni- 
versally esteemed for his liberality to the poor, and also for 
his many social virtues. He died at Elizabeth, August 
29th, 1867. 



•ARRAND, ANDREW JACKSON, of Raritan, 
was born in Warren county, Nev^ Jersey, March 
25th, 1826. His father, John Farrand, a native 
of Connecticut, died while Andrew was still an 
infant, and at a very early age the lad was thrown 
entirely upon his own resources. He worked 
upon a farm until his si.xteenth year, studying in the winters 
at the neighboring public schools, and thus acquiring — • 
aided too by persevering home study — a fair English edu- 
cation. At the age of sixteen he applied himself to shoe- 
making, but when nineteen years old relinquished this to 
take up the business of tailoring. Establishing himself at 
Philipsburg, his business constantly increased, growing 
eventually into a large manufactory employing from twenty- 
five to thirty hands. In 1858, after thirteen years of close 
application to trade, failing health compelled him to enter 
upon some business calculated to less severely tax his bodily 
and mental powers, and he accordingly sold out his clothing 
manufactory and purchased an interest in the Philipsburg 
Agricultural Works, becoming a member of the firm of 
Reece, Lake, Melick & Co. Of this concern the present 
Screw Mower and Reaper Company is the outgrowth — 
a manufacturing company having establishments at Philips- 
burg and Raritan, New Jersey, from which over one 
thousand machines have been turned out in the course 
of a single season, beside extensive works at Lcwistown, 
Pennsylvania. Of this company Mr. Farrand is the Sec- 



retary and Treasurer. He was one of the organizers, 
and the first President .of the Rariiau Savings Bank; is 
President of the Raritan Building Loan Association No. i, 
and a Director in Association No. 2. He is largely inter- 
ested in real estate, both at Raritan and Philipsburg. Far- 
randtown, north of Raritan, takes its name from him, he 
having there purchased a tract of land and caused it to be 
laid out in building lots of convenient size, assisting Willi 
his own means intending settlers to erect dwellings. By his 
wise liberality many deserving workmen have here been pro- 
vided with comfurtaljle homes. Upon removing to Rarit.TU 
he was elected a member of the town council, and in this 
position — as also wlien holding similar office at Pliilips- 
burg — he evidenced a remarkable knowledge of the needs 
and methods of civic government. In 1S75 he was named 
in the Democratic State Convention as candidate for Sinle 
Senator, but his nomination was lost l>y a single adverse 
vote — a result that would certainly not have been reaches! 
had he made the slightest effort to gain the honor. He was 
warmly urged by his friends for the nomination for nicnilicr 
of Congress from the Fourth New Jersey District, his ster- 
ling integrity and extensive business knowleilge, and know- 
ledge of the requirements of the country, peculiarly fitting 
him for such a position. As an inventor, he has considera- 
bly added to the effectiveness of the screw mower and 
reaper, many of the most important attachments to that ma- 
chine being his own patents; indeed, as now manufactured, 
it is claimed by the company that for simplicity of construc- 
tion, convenience in handling and lightness of draft, the 
reaper is probably unsurpassed. In substantiation of this 
assertion, it is affirmed that the reaper took the first prize 
in a competitive trial with eight machines of other celebrated 
makers held at the Chester county agricultural fair. In ad- 
dition to his other enterprises, Mr. Farrand has two boot 
and shoe stores; one at Raritan, in which his eldest son is 
the active partner, and one at Philipsburg, in which Mr. 
Godfrey is partner. He also owns a considerable amount 
of real estate in both towns. He was married in 1S50 to 
Miss Duckworth, of Hunterdon county. 



'ARCV, JOHN S., M.D., Physician, late of New- 
ark, was born, February 24th, 1 788, in Hanover 
township, Morris county. New Jersey. His 
father was for many years an eminent and suc- 
cessful practitioner of medicine in that county, 
and he entered upon the study of the same science 
with him and succeeded to his extensive practice, in which 
he likewise met with great success. In 1832, when the 
Asi.atic cholera first made its appearance in this country, he 
removed to Newark, and by his skill and promptness in the 
treatment of that terrible disease, and by his unselfish devo- 
tion to his patients, and sympathy for their sufferings, he 
soon attained a more extensive practice than any other in 



igS 



BIOGRArillCAL 



the State, and which finally impaired his own vignrous con- 
stitution. In 1S49 he made an overland journey to Cali- 
fornia, merely for the improvement of his health; but al- 
though the expedition was in other respects successful, his 
health was rather impaired than benefited by the trip. On 
the incorporation of the New Jersey Railroad and Trans- 
portation Company, he was elected its President, and held 
the office until death, a period of over thirty years. His 
political creed was that of the Jackson school of the Democ- 
racy, and very early in life he was elected a member of the 
State Legislature, in which he served several years; and at 
a subsequent date, while yet a resident of Morris county, 
was United States Marshal for the District of New Jersey, 
having been appointed to that office by President Jackson, 
and continued to hold that position during the subsequent 
administration of Martin Van Buren. He exerted great in- 
fluence in his party throughout the State, although he was 
averse to holding oflice. He was for many years a promi- 
nent member of the Masonic order, and for some years held 
the office of Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of the State'. 
He died in Newark,^ of paralysis, October 22d, 1863. 



'OOPER, SHERMAN, M. D., of WestficIJ, was 
born in Croydon, Sullivan county. New Hamp- 
shire, August 20th, 1833, his parents being Lem- 
uel P. and Laura (Whipple) Cooper, both natives 
of New Hampshire. He was educated at the 
public schools at Rome, and at the Kimball Union 
Academy at Meriden, graduating from the latter institution 
in 1852. Electing the profession of medicine, he attended 
a course of lectures at Dartmouth College in 1855, and read 
in the office of Professor David S. Conant in New York. 
In 1S56-7 he attended lectures at the New York Medical 
College, and in the latter year was appointed a-ssistant sur- 
geon to the hospital on Blackwell's Island. In 1S58 he 
was made chief of staff at that hospital. In the subsequent 
year he entered upon the practice of his profession at Clare- 
mont. New Hampshire, and continued in successful prac- 
tice until the breaking out of the war. In 1861 he entered 
the United States service as surgeon of the 6th Regiment 
New Hampshire Volunteers, and served with credit for 
three years. In the spring of 1865 he returned to Clare- 
mont, and during the succeeding five years was actively 
engaged in the duties of his profession. In 1866-7 beheld 
the chair of Assistant Professor of Surgery in the University 
of Vermont. In the latter year he received his degree of 
M. D. from the University of New York. In October, 1871, 
he removed to Westfielil, where he has since continued in 
successful practice. He was elected Coroner for Union 
county in the fall of 1S75. ^^^ ''■''^ been for several years 
a prominent member of the Union County Medical Society. 
On the 23d of June, 1S58, he was married to Celia Pierson^ 
of Weslfield. 



ENCYCLOP.^DIA. 

" CRIVENS, ZEBULON W., M. D., late of Long 
Branch, was born in Petersburg, New York, Sep- 
tember 1st, 1826. After a good preliminary 
training, he entered the Literary University, New 
York, from which he was graduated with honor 
in 1S49. From his early childhood he was a 
hard student and a literary aspirant, possessing a retentive 
mind that never grew weary in its pureuit after knowledge. 
It was very natural therefore that he should incline toward 
a learned profession. He chose that of medicine, and began 
reading under the direction of Dr. A. H. Hull, of Berlin, 
New York, and took a full course at the Albany Medical 
College, from which he was graduated in 1852. The prac- 
tice of his profession he opened in his native town, Peters- 
burg, where he pursued it for twelve months. For a similar 
period he labored at Eagle Mills, in the same State, whither 
he removed from Pelei-sburg. In 1854 he succeeded Dr. 
Jacob Vanderveer, at Long Branch, in a laborious and in- 
creasing practice, extending over a -section of country four 
miles wide and sixteen miles long. But his reputation was 
not thus limited, called, as he often was, miles away to hold 
consultations with neighboring physicians in critical eases. 
He was a man of large perceptions and excellent judgment ; 
devoted to his profession, sacrificing everything else to its 
pursuit, even his life; for although a large, stalwart man, 
possessing great bodily vigor and vitality, he had to .suc- 
cumb before the heavy labors he imposed on himself. A 
careful and successful general practitioner, he especially ex- 
celled in surgery, and was remarkably successful in his oper- 
ations. He died February nth, 1876, from pneumonia, 
complicated with other diseases. By all who knew him he 
was not only respected but beloved. 



:.-(^OBS, EUGENE, M.D., late of Springfield, was 
born at Liberty Corner, Somerset county. New 
Jersey, February 23d, 1S21, being the son of 
Nicholas C. and Margaret C. Jobs. After an or- 
dinary country school education, he commenced 
life as a teacher, and also as an assistant to his 
father in his store. Attracted toward the medical profes- 
sion, he began to study medicine with Dr. Smith English, 
at Manalapan, Monmouth county, and in due course ma- 
triculated at the University of Pennsylvania, medical de- 
partment, from which he was graduated April 4th, 1S44. 
He was licensed to practise in New Jersey, at Elizabeth, 
by the Board of Censors of the Medical Society of New 
jersey, for the Eastern District, September nth, 1S44. 
Practice he commenced at Springfield, Union county, in the 
spring of 1S45, """l there he continued uninterruptedly until 
his death. On October 28th, 1S46, he was married to 
Mary L., oldest daughter of Thomas C. Allen, of Connecti- 
cut Farms, Union county, who died September I2th, 1S63, 



BIOGRAnilCAL ENCYCLOr.-EDIA. 



197 



le.iving two sons and two daughters. He was a member 
of ihe Presbyterian Church, joinnig the communion in 
S|)ringfield in 1S4S, and remaniing a consistent member 
tlnoiigh after life. lie died suddenly, of apoplexy, May 
22d, 1S75. Patient, industrious and ambitious, his incessant 
ttiii, his great exposure and many hardships overtaxing the 
biain and body, brought on the fatal attack. He fully ap- 
I'leciated the duties, responsibilities and privileges of his 
jiiofession, honoring it in all his actions. Although his 
]'iactice became very large, it was not especially remunera- 
livc, but his poor patients ever received from him the same 
cnrL-ful attention extended to the rich. He recognized his 
cilling as one enabling him to do good, and never neglected 
an opportunity of helping the afflicted and poor. He en- 
joyed a high reputation as a skilful physician, and was very 
highly respected and esteemed in a large neighborhood for 
his sterling character and social qualities. 



43 V 
''.ATZMER, WILLIAM II., Railroad Promoter 
and Manager, was born, July 22d, 1S07, near 
Somerville, Somerset county, New Jersey. On 
the paternal side he is of German descent, his 
father having emigrated from Coburg in 1794, 
and settled first in Bustleton, near Philadelphia, 
and later in Somerset county. New Jersey, where he had 
charge of the Campbell Mills. His limited means did not 
permit him to furnish his son other educational advantages 
than those of a country village, but these were so well 
used that at the age of twelve years the latter was qualified 
to fill the situation of clerk in a country store. A year 
Liter he entered a more extensive establishment at Somer- 
ville. Here he remained for five years, displaying such 
business qualifications that the entire management of the 
house was confided to him, and the proprietor was desirous 
that he should acquire a partnership interest. To this, 
Iiowever, his want of capital was a bar, and believing that 
the knowledge of some trade would render him more secure 
of winning success in life, he left the store and entered a 
printing office in the same town. The opportunities for 
self-culture which such a position offers were not neglected 
by him, and he soon acquired not merely a practical ac- 
quaintance with the trade but a general knowledge of 
science and literature. Thus provided, a rational ambition 
prompted him to seek a wider field than that of a country 
village, and, supplied with high testimonials of character 
and ability, he applied successfully to the wealthy steam- 
boat firm of Stevens Brothers, of New York city, for a situa- 
tion. At that date, 1830, they controlled the princip.al trade 
of the North river, and they placed him as chief clerk on 
the " North America," then the finest boat afloat on the 
New York waters, where he distinguished himself by his 
executive skill and agreeable manners. The brothers 
Stevens were at this period engaged in constructing the 



Camden & Amboy Railroad, a charter of which had been 
granted by the Legislature of New Jersey in 1S30. In 
1S33, having completed the eastern seclions of the line, 
they transferred him to the steamboat route between New 
York city and South Amboy, which position he occupied 
about three years. After the completion of the road fioin 
Amboy to Camden a responsible position was assigned to 
him in the office in Philadelphia by' the same firm. Its 
duties he fulfilled so satisfactorily that soon not merely the 
management of the Philadelphia office but of the whole in- 
terests of the company were intrusted to him. It is not easy 
at this day, when the railroad system is thoroughly organized 
and acknowledged successful, to appreciate how onerous and 
responsible those duties were. The Camden & Amboy Rail- 
road was the first great through line completed in this 
countiy. By many sound and cautious men it was deemed 
a hazardous and even chimerical experiment, likely enough 
to bankrupt its stockholders. The respective rights of the 
public and the road were yet undefined ; costly litigation 
■was unavoidable, and the immense labor of organization 
had all to be performed without the light of precedent or 
example. The company justly recognized that one mind 
must control the whole, untrammelled by interference or 
conflicting opinion, and the brothers Stevens rightly judged 
that such a mind could be found in their late employe. 
Hence for years he may be said to have been the autocrat of 
the road, appointing and deposing any subordinate officer, 
carrying his plans and wishes through the Board of Direc- 
tors with little opposition, and, withal, using this extensive 
authority with such discretion that neither employes nor 
stockholders ever preferred just grounds of complaint against 
his management. The company obtained control, early in 
its histoiy, of the Philadelphia & Trenton Railroad, to secure 
the direct all-rail route between Philadelphia and New York, 
and ran a steamboat, first to Bristol and then to Tacony, in 
connection with this line. They also became proprietors 
of the ferry between Philadelphia and Camden, and of 
several freight and ferry lines on the Delaware. From 
these beginnings the road extended the area of its branches 
in all directions, so that it finally received the transportation 
of nearly one-half the territory of New Jersey. The smaller 
connecting roads, which were from time to time constructed, 
were supplied with funds and credit by the Camden & Am- 
boy, and generally managed in accordance to the advice of 
its efficient superintendent. Nor was his influence bounded 
by the limits here defined. The Belvidere S; Delaware 
Railroad, one of the important connecting branches of the 
Camden & Amboy, approaches the vast coal regions of 
Pennsylvania. The extension required to unite this with 
the coal fields was the Lehigh Valley Railroad and its 
branches, projected by Judge Packer, of Pennsylvania; and 
certain privileges and assistance essential to that important 
undert.aking were, by Mr. Gatzmer's advice, granted the 
Lehii;h Valley Company by the Camden & Amboy, services 
warmly acknowledged by Judge Packer. In 1S67 Eduin 



ipS 



BIOGRAPHICAL EXCVCLOP.EDIA. 



A. Stevens having resigned the Presidency of the Camden 
& Amboy Railroad Company, thai h'onor was conferred, by 
unanimous consent, on him, who for thirty-seven years had 
been the faithful and successful steward of the company's 
interests. In this year the New Jersey Railroad and Trans- 
portation Company was amalgamated with the Joint Com- 
panies of New Jersey, and the public works of the State, 
embraced in the Delaware & Raritan Canal Company, 
the Camden & Amboy Railroad Company, and the New 
Jersey Railroad Company were managed by a Joint Board, 
through the respective presidents. He was appointed 
Chairman of the Passenger and Freight Committee, and 
Secretary of the Joint Board and Executive Committees, 
which positions he held until the lease of the works to the 
Pennsylvania Railroad Company. To this le.ase he was op- 
posed, and stated the reasons for his opposition in a forcible 
argument, entitled, " Views upon the Proposition to Lease 
the Public W.:rk5 of New Jersey to the Pennsylvania Rail- 
road Company ; read before the Joint Board of Directors, 
at their meeting at Trenton, New Jersey, April 20th, 1871." 
The lease, however, was finally ratified and executed by 
the presidents of the companies, by directions of the Joint 
Board, his views of its inexpediency remaining, nevertheless, 
unchanged. In May, 1872, his official connection with the 
United Canal and Railroad Companies of New Jersey, and 
as President of the Camden & Amboy Railroad Company, 
ceased. His connection with the Lehigh Valley Railroad 
Company, of which he was a Director as early as 1S53, 
continues, and he was elected unanimously its Consulting 
Manager. When twenty-two years of age he married Eliza 
A. Campbell, of New York city, and has had the pleasure of 
witnessing an exemplaiy family grow up around him. His 
personal character has not merely been conspicuous for fair 
dealing and sincerity, qualities essential to the posts he has 
hlled, but also for uniform courteousness, and a freedom from 
the irritability which so frequently mars the manners of the 
best men when overworked and weighted with the cares of 
a complex business. The capacity of very rapid labor, and 
the power of occupying the mind with more than one topic 
of attention at a time, are traits he has manifested in a uni- 
versal degree, and explain the facility with which he could 
transact, without errors, such varied affairs. 



)ARISON, REV. ANDREW B., l.ite of Ringoes, 

was born, December 31st, 1S41, at Sandy Ridge, 

Hunterdon county, New Jersey. He was the 

third son of Benjamin Larison, and his boyhood 

was passed upon his father's farm. He prepared 

for college at Elemington High School, of which 

his brother, C W. Larison, was at that time principal, and 

in October, 1861, entered the medical college at Geneva, 

New York. He graduated thencein 186}, and immediately 



entered the United States army as an Assistant Surgeon, 
serving until the end of the war. When mustered out of 
the service he entered the freshman class in the university 
at Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, and continued his studies until, 
having reached the last term of his senior year, failing health 
compelled a total cessation from labor. A series of hem- 
orrhages from the lungs, superinduced by an attack of 
pleuropneumonia while in the army, threatened his life, 
but after a few months of rest his strength seemed restored 
and he was ordained a minister of the Baptist Church, in 
February, 1870. He was immediately called to the pas- 
torate of the church at Ringoes, New Jersey, an office that 
he held until his death. In January, 1870, m connection 
with his brother, Cornelius W. Larison, he founded the 
seminary at Ringoes, taking the position of Piincip.al, and 
holding the chairs of Moral Science and Languages. His 
death occurred September 25th, 1872, and although the 
term of his ministry comprehended less than three years, 
upwards of eighty new members were added to the church 
through his exertions. Few men, laboring for so brief a 
period, have left so distinct an impress upon the moral tone 
of the community m which they have lived. Mr. Larison 
was married, October 6th, 1869, to Catherine B. Brown, a 
graduate of the University Female Institute, Lewisburg, 
Pennsylvania, who was to him an excellent helpmate, both 
in pastoral duties and in the duties of the seminary. 



^ 



E.WITT, JOHN, M. D., of Baptistown, was borrj 
m New Hampshire in the year iSlg. After a 
good New England education he moved to New 
Jersey, where he became a school teacher in New 
Hampton. At the same time, having determined 
to adopt the metrical profession, he began to read 
medicine with Dr. R. M. McLonahan, of that place. Hav- 
ing prepared himself for a college coui-se, he proceeded to 
New York, pursued a full course and graduated. Upon 
receiving his diploma, he opened an office m Asbury, 
Warren county. New Jersey, where he practised from 1S46 
to 1847. In the latter year he removed to Ohio, where he 
prosecuted his profession for a short time. But he tired of 
the West, and returned to New Jersey and located in Fines- 
ville, Warren county. There he remained until 1S54, when 
he took up his residence in Baptistown, Hunterdon county, 
where he continued actively engaged until his death. An 
extensive practice rewarded his labors, his skill and care. 
He married .Miss Smith, daughter of James Smith, who 
with two children, a daughter and a son, survive him. 
After moving to Hunterdon county he became a member 
of the District Medical Society for that county, in i860 he 
was chosen its President, and also one of its Board of 
Censors. He was very conservative in practice. Unob- 
trusive in his manners, beloved by his patients, and warmly 
esteemed by the community in which he lived, he was also 



BIOGRAPHICAL EXCVCLOP.EDIA. 



'99 



highly respecled by his professional brethren. Religiously 
he was a Presbyterian. He died October 20th, 1S75. 






HELPS, HON. WILLIAM WALTER, Lawyer 
and Member of the Forty-.Second Congress, was 
born ill August, 1839. The Phelps family were 
e,TrIy merchants of New York, and were noted 
for their culture as well as for their business con- 
quests. They reaped wealth through wise and 
fair dealing with their fellow-men. Phelps' father, John Jay 
Phelps, rose to aflluence in days when Moses Taylor, Com- 
modore Garrison, William E. Dodge, and other men whose 
names are now historical in commerce, were his friends and 
competitors. The elder Phelps is remembered as a finan- 
cier of great shrew'dness in his immediale dealings with 
events, but who, in common with all truly large-minded 
men, had a faculty for planning and executing projects that 
were not only intended to produce riches, but to surprise 
and charm by their originality and vastness. It was he who 
with consummate judgment decided that the coal regions of 
Pennsylvania, in which he had invested much money, should 
be connected with tide water at New York by the rail- 
way which is known as the Delaware, Lackawanna & 
Western. Our greatest men are not merely planners; they 
are also execulurs; and if we count the really successful 
men of our century we may say of them tliat in no project 
which they contemplated were they less willing to become 
responsible with their own money or reputations, than they 
were to invite the trust of others. So that it may be said 
that John Jay Phelps was an investor and not what we in 
our day are likely to call, with the falling inflection, a 
" speculator." Of the railway which he projected, he was 
President for many years. Carlyle says that self-esteem is 
one of the greatest qualities of men ; and when this capital- 
ist became in August, 1S30, the father of a son, he was 
proud enough to borrow time from his wide enterprises to 
devote to the development of the boy's character. Nor 
was he mistaken either in his plan or m the character of the 
child; for while William Walter Phelps inherited the quick 
intelligence of his father, he early in life developed a pas- 
sion for " mere culture " for its own sake— that brooding ' 
over what Emerson calls the " beautiful in doing," and what I 
Matthew Arnold would call the literary instinct. At Yale 
College, William Walter Phelps became one of the most pop- 
ular of the undergraduates, mainly because he united the hab- 
its of the scholarly recluse, when duty called for them, with a 
sturdy interest in the social demands of the institution. It 
is perhaps his leading characteristic that his nervous-san- 
guine temperament leads him to take a practical interest in 
whatever surrounds him. So lasting is the memory of ^is 
active workings for his A/ma Maler that when he was only 
passing his thirtieth year he was chosen a Fellow of Yale by 
a vote which led that of even William M. Evarts. He 



early showed readiness for debate; and he was botli in and 
out ol college one of the few really great speakers whom 
that stern and jealous institution has produced. Men who 
are powerful in speaking are seldom good writers, as Charles 
James Fox has suggested; and those who fashion their 
thoughts into a graceful style of writing usually fail, as 
Addison did, when they ascend the rostrum. There are 
few exceptions to this rule, Wendell Phillips being one. and 
William Walter Phelps being another, in our country and 
our generation. Yet, wisely, Mr. Phelps does not plunge 
into the arena of popular literature. His style of speaking, 
when reproduced in print, possesses the true literary qual- 
ity, resembling very much that of Sargent S. Prentiss, who 
was popular as an orator in the generation just preceding 
ours. Without this literaiy quality Phelps might have un- 
duly developed his ready practical talent, so that, while he 
would not have been lacking in force as a debater, his qual- 
ity of learning might not have acquired for him the liking 
of that by-no-means-weak element in politics which is some- 
times called doctrinaire. It is the spirit of the poet chas- 
tening the action of the executor : the blue depth thai gives 
picturesque color to the hurtling cataract. Wirt, Story, 
Phillips, and Phelps have had more lasting power in politics 
than turbulent speakers like Randolph and Tom Marshall 
and liutler and Cox. The quality (hat our speakers with 
the literaiy instinct possess is powerful because it charms. 
The campaign speaker who rouses cheers at every stamp of 
his brogans and every sweep of his hand is forgotten in a 
day ; but in true intelligence there is somewhat the same 
sort of conservation of force which exists in physics ; and as 
in poetry "a thing of beauty is a joy forever," so in politics 
a word spoken with that intelligence which transcends com- 
monplace, is like bread cast upon waters and returning after 
many days. The Englishman whom Phelps most resembles 
IS Canning, whose life was very much like that of our Jersey- 
man, so far as the latter has lived long enough for us to 
make the comparison. There are the same microcosmic 
word, the same graceful ]>hrase, the same melodic period, 
the same merciless sarcasm, and the same reverence for the 
subject. It was said of Canning by his enemies in sarcasm 
that contained genuine praise that his rhetoric could not 
hide the sinews of his oratorical power. The same may be 
said of Phelps. But it can never be said of Phelps, as Can- 
ning's enemies said of him, that he is ever tawdry. Phelps' 
European journey was a visit to the shrines of great men, 
mainly in literature ; and newspaper men have no need to 
cease their liking for him when we tell them that he 
went with reverential footsteps to Thackeray's habitual 
scenes. Columbia Law School furnished him with the 
means of attaining a thorough legal education, and there, as 
at Yale, he won the honors of his class. He immediately 
upon graduating became known for his skill in financial and 
railroad law, a branch of his profession in which S. L. M. 
Barlow and Governor Tilden have proved so successful. 
Among his clients were capitalists like Moses TayloV, 



BIOGRAPHICAL E^XVCLO^.■!:DIA. 



George Bliss and William E. Dodge. Soon after he began 
to achieve distinction in his profession his father died, leav- 
ing him so large a fortune that he was compelled to give 
exclusive attention to the interests which it involved. He 
had already chosen New Jersey as his place of residence, 
and had purchased a farm in Bergen county, including a 
thousand acres of land, reaching from the Hudson river to 
the town of Hackcnsack. His manner of life among his 
neighbors, though never lacking the gracefulness which 
makes the outer sign of a gentleman, was and continues to 
be unassuming, cordial and democratic. He is emphati- 
cally a hearty man. The present writer has said otherwhere 
th.it a man of great powers cannot find substantial success 
in public life unless he has had a background of country 
life. Burke used to raise turnips for recreation ; Bismarck 
hides hmiself on his farm ; and Webster found his best ideas 
while leaning over the fences watching his fat oxen. 
Phelps' most valuable help in the study of politics has been 
his New Jersey country life. It was in 1870, just after 
he had assumed the responsibility of being thirty ye.irs 
old, that Judge Ryerson discovered that if JohnHill was to 
be elected to Congress in the Fifth District, the vote of Bergen 
county, which has been Democratic from the time when the 
memory of man runneth not lo the contrary, should be weak- 
ened ; and in his despair, which bred ingenuity, he deter- 
mined lo appeal to the farmer-lawyer of the Hackensack 
valley. William Walter Phelps was so practical in his re- 
sponse, working with all his nervous energy and frank inde- 
pendence of character, that he reduced the Democratic vote 
two-thirds, and elected Hill. Thereafter, Phelps became 
known as the man in his district who could make large 
majorities. He is the only Republican within our knowledge 
who ever had a Democratic majority in Bergen county. In 
P.issaic county his popularity was comparatively as great. 
When, in 1872, he was elected to Congress, he began at once 
to win honors for his State ; so that men who marvelled 
whence this young man had so suddenly sprung began to 
say in the Paterson shops and on the hillsides of Morris 
that the Fifth District of New Jersey was able to send to 
Wasliington a man who could honor it with his learning 
and his brilliancy. - Certainly no man in the State ever 
made so substantial a fame in so short a time. In Congress 
he rose so high above the conception of him existing in 
some minds that he was a mere man of money, that con- 
stituents who gloomily doubted at the intrusion of one who 
was almost a stranger, began to applaud when the whole 
country learned to admire him. He at once made himself 
popular among the members by several amusing speeches 
which, tearing the nap from a good deal of shoddy politics, 
left It threadbare for the study of men. The use of wit 
in debate is by no means to be reprehended when it serves 
its purpose of good ; and by its use alone is humbug some- 
times best exjiosed. When Phelps' satire was keenest and 
when his humor was bubbling over, his friends never ceased 
to respect him, and his enemies, vying with his friends in 



respect, never wished to hale him. Tlie honesty of the 
man's faith and the sincerity of his manner gave him a 
power which is never attained through any of the arts of the 
demagogue. From the days of Horace Greeley in Congress, 
the discussion of the franking abuse had been carried on in 
a ponderous way. When the question arose during the 
term of Phelps' service, hfe immediately attacked it with the 
argument reduclio ad absurdum. By a stroke of policy 
which no one had theretofore conceived, he laughed the 
measure down. In Congress a measure is usually doomed 
if it is one that can be laughed at. Ridicule, notwithstand- 
ing Mr. Carlyle, is a power in oratory, and nothing suffers 
more severely than when it suffers from contempt. Phelps 
understood this, and with skill he used his talent for mock- 
ery with success. A man is known and respected in Con- 
Tress for the committees to which he is consigned. There 
are a few committees that command the power of the House ; 
and there are some tag-end committees that are of utter in- 
significance. Even in these latter a man like Blue-Jean- 
Williams may be useful. But Phelps — though he was a new 
and almost untried man, whose youthful face was in great 
contrast willi those of men much older than he — was 
assigned to the Committee on Banking and Commerce, one 
of the foremost in the House. This was an honor which 
his district appreciated ; and he used his advantages well. 
His skill as a financial lawyer was displayed in the work 
of the committee room liy the clearness of his reports. 
This was at a time when the impending panic was threat- 
ening to demand all sorts of wild and dangerous exploits 
in financial legislation ; and among those who stood forward 
as champions of a sensible and valuable currency none 
carried gre.ater power or commanded higher respect than 
Phelps. He argued his questions with surprising skill ; 
sometimes cleaving his obstacle with the sword of Richard 
— sometimes cutting the floating veil with the dexterous 
scimetar of Saladin. Above all, he was clear. His speech 
in which he defined " value " was one of the clearest and 
ablest expositions in political economy that have ever been 
produced. The present writer, at the lime of its utterance, 
suggested in a public journal that it be used as a text-book 
in colleges. It had great influence everywhere; and Phelps 
received not only praise from hurried, practical politicians 
who saw his effect, but commendation from scholarly re- 
cluses who were studying the problem within college walls. 
So far as the speech was intended to go, that is, concerning 
the subject of "value" and its distinction from "price," it 
stands, for clearness of exposition and for originality of illus- 
tration, in advance of the chapters devoted to the subject by 
either Cairns or Mill. It may be said without exaggeration 
that, during the two years of Phelps' service in Congress, he 
did as much as any statesman, not excepting even Schurz or 
Sherman, to prepare the way for honest money. He be- 
longed to that small, powerful, well-organized band who by 
their energy and genius legislated so that hard times should 
not be prolonged beyond their nnluial period. In 1S74 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 



the Democratic tidul wave swept everything before it ; and 
the Fifth District was not excepted from its effects. No 
Canute could have ]<ept it back. William Walter Phelps 
was defeated by only five votes. Hundreds o( Republicans, 
standing pulseless and pale in the agony of a panic which 
was credited to the administration, did not go near the polls. 
There were jealous men who saw that Phelps" genius made 
their talents appear ignoble, and they said that ''this boy" 
had shot up like a rocket and must come down like a stick; 
There were still others who thought that he did not bow 
low enough to the demands of demagogueiy. He could 
not truckle to low arts. There were enough of those who 
wished him to do so, to defeat him. There were five. It 
is a matter of surprise that in the tidal sweep over a district 
filled with a working population which is sensitive to hard 
limes and which always lays them at the door of the party 
in power, he was almost elected. His popularity almost 
made him an exception. During his last term in Congress he 
worked with unabated vigor. His voice was frequently 
welcomed by men who were glad to hear his clear exposi 
tions. His fame grew. It was during that session that he 
was one of the committee, of which Mr. Wheeler, the Re 
publican candidate for Vice-President, was another, that 
investigated the political aflfairs of Louisiana. He found 
that there was great fraud in tliat State, and he had the 
manhood to denounce it, and the ability to make his words 
have effect. Republicans began to call him " independent," 
because he was essentially not partisan ; and because he 
natur.ally had a reverence for what rights the States had re- 
tained for themselves, and because he disliked Federal 
interference in local elections, he was ^metinies called a 
Democrat. There were negroes who believed he was not 
their champion, because in the consideration of measures 
relating to civil rights he thought that white men, too, h.ad 
some rights of choice. He has always been in favor of the 
utmost freedom that can be given to individual men in con- 
sistency with civil order. But for his " too independence," 
as some one called it, he would have been reelected. After 
Congress adjourned Mr. Phelps was so ill from the effects 
of overwork that he was compelled to seek health in 
Europe. While he was there, his name was again men- 
tioned for the Republican nomination for Congress in his old 
district; but he made no efforts to obtain it. Even some 
of the Democrats wished to second the nomination, because 
they admired his independence, and wished that his bril- 
liancy should honor the district. But he made no efforts to se- 
cure either, and as many men wished the olifice, there was no 
one to fight for him in his absence. He is far from being a 
politician in the sense of being a schemer. He carried his 
county by his open, personal appeal to men's judgment and 
honesty. He refused to come home to win the nomination, 
as he could have done. " I will not stand in any one's 
way," said he. When he returned, restored in health, and 
strong in his wish to see the country restored to harmony 
and prosperity by the wisdom and magnanimity and higher 
26 



judgment of its statesmen, his name was mentioned as one 
of that number. His financial position, which at one lime 
made him a proposed candidate for Secretary of the Treas- 
ury, and his conservative views in regard to Southern poli- 
tics, were thought to be valuable. His name was mentioned 
as that of one who should succeed Mr. Frelinghuysen in 
the Senate; and men in both parties were anxious to have 
him as a candidate. But he said, at least to the present 
writer : " I should be glad to serve' New Jersey, if my 
service were at any time valuable ; but I am not going to 
sacrifice my self-respect or the respect of others, by resort- 
ing to any tricks for promotion. Honor earned in that way 
is a flimsy thing, and no popular applause can satisfy a man 
who is not true to himself." These were the words of a 
Jerseyman who is truly great. 



ULLOCK, EDWARD R., Lawyer, of Flemington, 
was born October 17th, 1818, in Falls township, 
Bucks county, Pennsylvania. His parents, Isaac 
Bullock and Sarah (Burton) Bullock, were de- 
scended from English Quakers. When he was 
ten years old, his father died, occasioning him to 
withdraw from the schools, which he had previously 
attended, and engage as .a farm hand, in which capacity he 
remained until he was sixteen, when he became an appren- 
tice to a marble-cutter in Trenton, New Jersey, with whom 
he stayed as such apprentice five years, though he continued 
in the marble-cutting business, while working at all, uniil 
the summer of 1S42, attending meanwhile, during the 
winter as occasion permitted, a school kept by his uncle at 
Wilmington, Delaware. At this latter date he went to 
Easton, Pennsylvania, the seat of Lafayette College, pre- 
pared himself for matriculation, and was duly matriculated 
in that institution, remaining, however, only one year. In 
the spring of 1844 he removed to New York, where he 
worked at his trade till 1846, when he returned to Easton, 
working there one year, and then going to Flemington, New 
Jersey, at which place he set up the marble-cutting business 
on his own account. In 1853, at the age of thirly-five, he 
began to read law with A. <_). Van Fleet, now Vice-Chan- 
cellor, and was admitted to the bar in 1S57. He settled at 
Flemington, and soon commanded a fair practice. In 1S6S 
he was appointed, by Governor Ward, Prosecutor of the 
Pleas for Hunterdon county, holding the office about four 
years, and (hen resigning it. He was admitted to practise 
in the United Slaies District Court in 1867, and in 1870 
was appointed United States Commissioner. His advance- 
ment in the profession, like his preparation for it, has been 
gradual, but thorough and sure. The qualities indeed that 
shaped his earlier career, so checkered and eventful as to 
have been almost romantic, could hardly fail to inspire the 
admiration and trust of his fellow-citizens, and in the long 
run to assure his solid triumph. It is pleasant to contem- 



202 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 

plate the hero of such trials and struggles safe at Inst in the perance questions, his grave, quiet manner, and plainness 
hiVen of success. Mr. Bullock was married in 1844, when I of dress, he was somewh.-it unpopular for the greater part 
his battle of life waxed hottest, to Janet, daughter of , of his life. But all, whether in or out of the profession. 
Tames Pollock, of Easton, Pennsylvani.,, who thus became recognized his ability as a practitioner. He performed 
his helpmeet in his days of care not less than in his palmy many important surgical operations, and in both surgeiy 
days His eldest son. Captain James I. Bullock, of the , and obstetrics was for a long time considered authority in 
isth New Jersey Volunteers, was lost with the steamer ^ his section of the State. Always a man of honor, truth, 
General Lyon while serving on detached duty, escorling ! and the strictest morality, he was ever respected, and as life 
troops from Hart Island to Wilmington, North Carolina, j advanced he conquered the high esteem and love of a very 
His second and only surviving son, John A. Bullock, is a large circle, 
member of the New Jersey bar. Mr. Bullock is in politics 
a Republican, and, although no politician, his convictions 
are not on that account the shallower, but possibly all the 
deeper. At any rate he is a very earnest supporter of the 
principles of his party. 



F^RIMES, JOHN, M. D., late of Boonton, was born 
at Parsippany, Morris county, New Jersey, in 
1S02. After a course of medical study he re- 
ceived a certificate to practise from the State 
Medical Society in 1S27. He first settled in New- 
foundland, New Jersey; but in 1S33 removed to 
Boonton, where he continued to practise until his death, on 
September 1 2th, 1875. He was remarkable for his strong 
convictions, and the boldness and pertinacity with which 
he followed them. At an early period he became a fearless 
and outspoken advocate of the anti-slavery doctrine, and 
played an important part in the agitation of that question. 
He frequently aided slaves to escape, and his house was 
what was termed a station on the " Underground Railroad." 
This conspicuous advocacy of a then unpopular cause sub- 
jected him to much annoyance ; he was frequently ill tre.ited 
and mobbed, and once arrested by the sheriff of Essex 
county, for aiding in the escape of fugitive slaves. He 
gave bonds, but for some reason was never tried. So devoted 
a laborer was he in the cause of human freedom that he was 
chosen President of the first Anti-SIaveiy Society in the 
State. In 1844 he published the New York freeman, 
which was maintained until 1850, when other journals took 
up and advocated abolition. He was also an early and 
strong advocate of the temperance cause, and strongly con- 
demned the use of stimulants as practised in the profession 
twenty years ago. It was a satisfacticm to him that he lived 
to see his views on this subject adopted in great measure by 
his medical brethren, and his abolitionist doctrines Indorsed 
by the country at large. Through nearly the whole of his 
adult life he abstained from animal food, and in himself he 
presented a very strong argument in favor of his theory, 
being exceptionally vigorous in both mind and body, per- 
forming with comparative ease the duties of a large and 
laborious practice, and when an old man doing more pro- 



AMILTON, GENERAL SAMUELRANDOLPH, 
Lawyer, late of Trenton, was born at Princeton, 
then in the county of Middlesex, New Jersey, 
June 7th, 1790. He was the son of John Ross 
and Phebe Hamilton, who were old residents of 
that place and neighborhood. He graduated at the 
College of New Jersey in 1808. Studied law with Governor 
Williamson at Elizabeth. Was admitted to the bar as an 
attorney-.it-law of the Supreme Court of New Jersey in 1S12. 
In 1S23 he was admitted as Counsellor, and was called as 
a serjeant-at-law in 1837. May 20th, iSiS, he was married 
to Eliza, daughter of Morris Robeson, of Oxford Furnace, 
now in Warren county. He commenced the practice of 
law at Princeton, but soon removed to Trenton, where he 
continued to reside until his death. In his profession he 
enjoyed a large practice which extended to almost evciy 
county in the State, and engaged his attention during the 
whole of his business career. He stood high in his pro- 
fession, and was remarkable among his brethren and friends 
for great geniality and an extended hospitality. During 
his whole life, his house was the gathering point of the 
membei-s of the profession from different parts of the State, 
when on business at the capital. He was a life-long Demo- 
crat in politics, and in 1836 was nominated by his party as 
a candidate for Congress, but in that year the Whigs 
triumphed for the first time in sever.-il years, and he was, 
with the remainder of the ticket, defeated by about six 
hundred votes. For many years he was Quartermaster- 
General of the Militia of the State, an office which he filled 
with great acceptance to those with whom he came in con- 
tact, and care for the interests of the State, until a few years 
before his death, when he resigned, and was succeeded by 
General Lewis Perrine. He was appointed Prosecutor of 
the Pleas of Mercer county by Governor Fort, and held the 
office at the time of his death. He was also elected by his 
fellow-citizens as Mayor of the city of Trenton. For many 
years he was a Trustee of the First Presbyterian Church of 
Trenton, and always took an active part in the promotion 
of its interests and of the cause of religion in general, and 
during the latter yeai-s of his life was a member in full 



fessional work than most young men are able to endure, communion of that church. He at all times took a deep 
Owing to his pronounced opinions on the slavei^ and tem- 1 interest in education, and on his death-bed the interests of 



BIOGRAnilCAL ENCYCLOP.CDIA. 



203 



the schools of the city seemed to bear more heavily upon him 
than any other care. He died on the 13th of August, 1S56 
at the age of sixty-six, leaving a widow and four children. 
His eldest son, Colonel Morris R. Hamilton, though admitted 
to the bar, has never practised law, but for the most of his 
life has been connected with the press. Two other sons 
devoted their attention to agricultural pursuits, and his 
daughter married Samuel Sherrerd, of Belvidere, New Jersey. 
He was buried with military honors in consideration of 
his connection with public affairs, the military and city gov- 
ernment. 



|EAN, JOHN W., Merchant, of Philipsburg, was 
bom at Stewartsville, Warren county, New 
Jersey, March 7th, 1839. He was educated at 
Qj\^ the public schools of his native county, and at the 
"o T» age of seventeen years entered the store of his 
father in Stewartsville, where he remained for 
six years. In 1862 he removed to Philipsburg and pur- 
chased an interest in the manufacturing business, conducted 
under the fiim-name of Reece, Lake, Melick & Co. In the 
snme year the concern was made a stock company, and Mr. 
Dean was elected Secretary and Treasurer. In 1S62 he 
was also elected Mayor of Philipsburg, a position to which he 
w.is re-elected for three subsequent terms. In 1S70 he 
resigned his offices of Secretaiy and Treasurer in the com- 
pany, although still retaining his interest in the enterprise, and 
engaged in mercantile pursuits in Philipsburg. He continued 
in business upon his own account until the death of the gen 
tieman elected as his successor in the secretaryship and treas- 
uryship of the company, when, at the urgent solicitation of 
his fellow-stockholders, he again accepted, and h.as since 
continued to hold, the double office. He has held various 
local oiifices in Philipsburg besides the mayoralty, and is 
now freeholder from the first ward of the borough. His 
affiliations have constantly been vi-ith the Democratic party. 
He has been for many years a consistent member of the 
Presbyterian Church, and is the leader of a fine choir in the 
church at Philipsburg. His musical ability is, indeed, 
somewhat exceptional, and beside being choir leader he is 
leader of a musical association of some local celebrity known 
as the "Old Folks." He was largely instrumental in the 
building of the Philipsburg street railway, and is one of the 
most public-spirited citizens of the town. In 1861 he was 
married to Kate Melick, of Philipsburg. 



OODHULL, ADDISON W., late of Newark, was 
born in Monmouth county. New Jersey, in the 
year 1831. He was a son of Dr John Woodhull ; 
Judge Woodhull of the Supreme Court is his 
brother. After a sound preliminary training he 
entered Princeton College, from which he was 
graduated in 1S54. His taste lying in the direction of 



medicine, he studied for that profession, and in due course 
received his degree. He acted as Penitentiary Physician 
on Blackwell's Island in 1S56, and during the following 
year moved to Newark, where he settled down to practice. 
A physician of high ability, and a gentleman whose charac- 
ter commanded confidence, he had by 1861 built up a fine 
practice, but he abandoned it and left a young wife in re- 
sponse to the call of his country, becoming Assistant Sur- 
geon of the 9th New Jei-sey RegimSnt. Subsequently he 
was detailed as Surgeon and Chief of Hospital at Beau- 
fort, North Carolina, during Burnside's campaign, and 
afterwards served with Rosecrans and Sherman during the 
latter part of his grand march to the sea. After his return 
home he held various jjositions of honor and trust, being 
physician of the county jail for several years. President of 
the Newark Medical Association, of the Essex County 
Medical Society, one of the fii-st physicians of St. Michael's 
Hospital, a member of the Board of Examiners for Pensions, 
and, at the time of his death, a medical examiner for the 
Mutual Benefit Life Insurance Com]iany. He was a relig- 
ious man and belonged to the Presbyterian communion. Of 
the South Park Presbyterian Church he was a prominent 
member and ruling elder, and a teacher in the Sunday- 
school, which appointed a committee to prepare a suitable 
memorial on his decease. The teachers of the two schools 
attended the funeral in a body. In social as well as pro- 
fessional life he had the confidence and esteem of every 
one. Of high literai-y attainments, he was a lover of the 
arts, and was very skilful in his profession. Faithful to 
every trust, and a man of most attractive character, his loss 
was sincerely mourned in a large circle. He died May 
14th, 1876, leaving a wife and four children. 



ORBERT, A. T. A., Major-General United States 
army, and now United States Consul-General at 
Paris, entered the military academy at West Point 
in 1851, and after passing through the regular 
course of instruction, graduated in 1855 as Second 
Lieutenant of infantry. He was attached to the 
5th Regiment, then stationed in Texas, and served during 
the succeeding six years on the frontier of that State, in 
Florida, in Utah and in New Mexico. In April, 1S61 — his 
appointment to a first lieutenancy having reached him two 
months earlier — he was ordered by the Secretary of War to 
report for mustering duty to Governor Olden, of New Jer- 
sey. In the following August he was made Captain and 
Assistant Quartermaster, and until September he discharged 
the functions of mustering officer. The quota of troops fioni 
New Jersey demanded by the general government being 
then filled. Captain Torbert received permission from the 
War Department to accept the colonelcy of one of the regi- 
ments which he had assisted to muster in, and was accord- 
ingly appointed by Governor Olden to the command of the 



204 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 



1st regiment. On the 17th of September he assumed com- 
mand at Camp Seminary, Virginia, and during the winter 
following he devoted himself to drilling and disciplining his 
men. When McClellan opened the campaign, in March, 
1862, with the advance upon Manassas, the 1st New Jersey 
was one of the most efficient commands in the entire army. 
The regiment participated in that advance, and also in the 
subsequent operations upon the Peninsula, being engaged 
at West Point, Mechanicsville and Gaines' Mill, and also 
in the series of fights and skirmishes attendant upon Mc- 
Clellan's change of base. So well did Colonel Torbert 
handle his command during this trying and disastrous pe- 
riod that in the following August he was promoted to be 
Brigadier-General and assigned to the command of the 1st 
Brigade of the 1st Division, 6th Corps, then stationed at 
Alexandria, Virginia. Under McClellan, and subsequently 
under Pope, the brigade took part in the Maryland cam- 
paign, being engaged in the fight at Crampton's Pass (where 
General Torbert was slightly wounded), in the battle of 
Antietam, and in the battle of Fredericksburg, December 
13th, 1S62, bearing in the latter a prominent part. In Jan- 
uary, 1S63, General Torbert was ordered home on sick- 
leave, and so, to his infinite regret, missed the second 
Fredericksburg fight. He rejoined his brigade in June, and 
served (under the sequent commands of Hooker and 
Meade) through the Maryl.ind and Pennsylvania campaigns, 
bearing a distinguished part in the battles of Fairfield and 
Gettysburg. In April, 1S64, he was promoted to the com- 
mand of the ist Cavalry Division of the Army of the Poto- 
mac, and in the following month the command of all the 
cavalry in that army was transferred to him. This force 
numbered about 3,000, the main body being with Sheridan 
on the Richmond road. As a cavaliy officer he took part 
in the following battles : Milford Station, May 21st ; North 
Anna, 24th; Hanovertown, 27lh; Hawes's Shop, 28th; 
Old Church, 30th ; Cold Harbor, 31st and June ist; Tre- 
villian Station, nth; Malloway's Ford Cross Road, 12th; 
White House and Tanstall's Station, 21st, and Darbytown, 
28lh. After this rapid series of engagements, his force was 
comparatively inactive for a month, and on the 30lh of July 
was ordered to proceed, via City Point and Washington, to 
Harper's Ferry and there effect a juncture with Sheridan. 
On reporting to Sheridan, that officer made him Chief of 
Cavali-y of the Middle Military Division, a staff appoint- 
ment, his immediate command consisting of the Ist and 
3d Cavaliy Divisions of the .■Xrmy of the Potomac — com- 
manded, respectively, by Generals Merrit and Wilson — and 
I'le 2d Cavalry Division of the Army of the Shenandoah, 
commanded by General Averill. At Winchester, Torbert 
w.« in command until Sheridan's arrival, and he was also 
in command at the battles of Kearneysville, August 25th; 
Opequan, September 19th; Mount Crawford, October 2d ; 
Toms River, October 9th ; took part with his division in the 
general engagement of Cedar Creek, October 19th, and 
was presejit at the fight near Middletovvn, November 12th. 



He commanded at the battles of Liberty Hills, December 
22d, and Gordonsville, December 23d. In April, 1865, his 
many gallant services were recognized by his appointment 
to the command of the Army of the Shenandoah, a position 
for which he had been rendered eligible the previous Sep- 
teuiber by promotion to the rank of Brevet Major-General. 
He was in command of this army until July, when it was 
disbanded, and he was then ordered to the command of the 
military district of Southeastern Virginia, with head-quar- 
ters at Norfolk. In December, 1S65, he was mustered out 
of the volunteer service, falling back to his rank in the reg- 
ular army, with the added brevet rank of Major-General. 
After his brilliant career in active service. General Torbert 
had small liking for military life in times of peace, and he 
therefore, November Ist, 1866, resigned his commission. 
His record is one of the brightest upon the New Jersey page 
of the history of the war, and it is all the brighter because 
by birth and association he had every temptation to array 
himself upon the side of treason. His loyalty was, indeed, 
more than once assailed, but he permitted his actions to 
confute the words of his opponents, and regardless of evil 
tongues and envious hearts did his duty as became a true 
soldier and a gallant gentleman. When the New Jersey 
contingent was called out, as mustering officer he rapidly 
worked the raw material into manageable shape, and having 
placed the troops in the field, he commanded his regiment, 
brigade, division and army with constant courage, almost 
constant success and always constant honor. On the con- 
clusion of the war he retired to private life for a while. 
He is now (Januaiy, 1S77) and for some time has been 
United States Consul-General to France. 



y ARTRANFT, REV. CHESTER D., A. B., A. M., 
Clergj-man, was born in Frederick township, 
Montgomery county, Pennsylvania, October 15th, 
1S39, his father, Samuel Hartranft, being an ex- 
tensive flour merchant of Philadelphia, and a 
member of the family to which General J. F. 
Hartranft, Governor of Pennsylvania, belongs. His mother 
was Sarah, daughter of Adam Stetler. The Stetlers were 
among the earliest settlers of Frederick township, and the 
family is one of considerable antiquity, its founder in 
America, Christian Stetler, having immigrated to this coun- 
tiy in 1720. Educated in early youth at the Philadelphia 
public schools, he graduated with credit from the High 
School in 1856, and in 1857 entered the University of Penn- 
sylvania, and thei'e for a year applied himself to the higher 
branches of study. His education was completed at a 
select school in Potlstown, Pennsylvania, whence he grad- 
uated in 1S61. Naturally of a serious temperament, he had 
determined upon the ministry as his profession, and in pur- 
suance of this determination he entered, immediately upon 
the completion of his secular studies, the Theological Semi- 



EIOGRAPIilCAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 



205 



nary of the Reformed Dutch Church, at New Brunswick, New 
Jersey. Here he remained for three years, passing through 
the regular course and receiving his degree and hcense to 
preach in 1S64. He was in the same year called to the 
pastoral charge of the South Bushwick Reformed Church, 
in the eastern district of Brooklyn, where, until October, 
1866, he labored to excellent purpose. On the date last 
named he removed to New Brunswick, New Jersey, to as- 
sume the pastorate of the Second Reformed Dutch Church, 
a position which he still holds and very acceptably fills. On 
the loth of July, 1S64, he w.is married to Annie F., daughter 
of the Rev. Dr. Bergh, of Philadelphia. 



fcALLISTER, ROBERT, Major-General, was, in 
many respects, a representative officer in the late 
war. Residing at Oxford, New Jersey, he was, 
in 1861, engaged in a business of magnitude, and 
was, moreover, considerably beyond middle age. 
His interest, as well as the inclinations natural to 
his time of life, prompted him to refrain from entering 
actively into the conflict following upon the shot thrown 
across Charleston bay by the rebel batteries into Fort Sum- 
ter; but his patriotism was stronger than his love of wealth 
or of ease, and immediately upon the call for troops to serve 
for three years or the war, when it became evident that the 
government was dealing not with a mere local revolt but 
with a general rebellion, he raised a company and reported 
for duty at the State capital. Upon being mustered into the 
service, he was appointed Lieutenant-Colonel of the 1st 
Regiment New Jersey Volunteers, but during the ensuing 
year was for the greater portion of the time the command- 
ing officer, and as such led the regiment in the numerous 
battles in which it was engaged. In July, 1862, he was 
promoted to Colonel, and appointed to the command of the 
nth Regiment New Jersey Volunteers, a position he held 
for more than two years, until appointed Brevet Brigadier- 
General " for gallant and distinguished services at Boydton 
Plank Road." He had, however, been acting Brigadier- 
General for a considerable period previous to his promotion. 
In October, 1S62, as senior officer, he took command of the 
1st Brigade of the 2d Division, 3d Corps, to which the nth 
New Jersey was attached ; he was temporarily in charge of 
the 2d Brigade of the 3d Division of the 2d Corps, com- 
manding it in numerous engagements ; and on the 24th of 
June, 1S64, he was pl.aced in command of the 3d Brigade, 
3d Division, 2d Corps. He remained in this command 
until the end of the war, being raised to the brevet rank of 
Major-General in March, 1S65, and mustered out of the ser- 
vice on the 6th of June of the same year. General McAllister's 
battle record would be a record of almost all the important 
engagements of the war. From the first Bull Run — through 
the fights of Gaines' Mill, Charles City Cross Roads, White 
Oak Swamp, Malvern Hill, Fredericksburg, Chancellors- 



ville, Gettysburg, Jacob's Ford, Kellcy's F</rd, Locust 
Grove, Mine Run, the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, the North 
Anna, Coal Harbor, Petersburg, Deep Bottom, Strawberry 
Plains, Weldon Railroad, Reams' Station, Boydton Plank 
Road, Hatcher's Run — General McAllister led his men 
with that coolness and steadiness of purpose that marked 
him as one of the most reliable officers in the whole army, 
and in the final battles before Richmpnd he manifested the 
same admirable qualities. Ilis quiet nerve was the prime 
secret of his success ; his remarkable self-possession under 
the most trying circumstances invariably enabling him to 
bring out his command if not victorious at least with credit. 
.\nother cause of his efficiency as an officer was the per- 
sonal attention that he gave to details. He not only issued 
orders, but he assured himself that his orders were carried 
into execution, and this habit of exactness was constantly 
productive of the most beneficial results ; his subordinate 
officers were prompt in obedience and his men placed in 
him a firm reliance. Nor did he confine himself to mining 
only the standard of discipline in his commands ; a lliorou-h 
Christian himself, he constantly sought to inculcate nioralily 
and a love of religion among the men whom he led so in- 
trepidly into battle, and the influence that he thus exerted 
was productive in the most marked manner of good results. 
As said at the outset, he was a representative American sol- 
dier; a private citizen who went out to battle from a lii!;h 
sense of duty ; who fought with the utmost gallanliy w here- 
ever fighting was to be done, and who carried the Christian 
faith of the household into the stormy atmosphere of the 
camp. 



TRYKER, NELSON D. W. T., M. D., late of 
Monmouth Junction, was born September nth, 
1802. He was the son of John Stryker, Jr., and 
grandson of John Stryker, Sr., of revolutionary 
memory, who brought him up, as both his parents 
died when he was quite young ; and before he 
was fully grown up both his grandparents died. Left thus 
to himself, he entered a printing office, where he spent some 
time. This business, however, was not to his taste, and he 
forsook it for merchandising, being for some years associated 
in partnership with his only brother, John, in the conduct 
of a store at Six Mile Run. But as he advanced in man- 
hood he was attracted toward the medical profession ; com- 
menced the study of medicine with Dr. Ferdinand S. 
Schenck, of Six Mile Run; attended lectures in Rutgers 
Medical College, in New York, and was graduated there- 
from. Forthwith beginning practice, he settled at what was 
then known as Long Bridge, now Monmouth Junction, and 
there continued actively engaged until a short period before 
his death, which occurred October 20th, 1S75. He built 
up an extensive practice, and won the respect and esteem 
of all with whom he came in contact as a conscientious and 
careful practitioner, while his qualities as a man gained Inni 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA. 



a very large circle of devoted friends. A member of the 
Reformed Church, he was a devoted Christian. He was 
married three times: first, to Miss Williamson, daughter 
of George Williamson, of Three Mile Run ; after her death, 
to Miss Pumyea, her cousin, and daughter of John Pumyea, 
of the same place; and after her death, to Miss Stout, 
daughter of John Stout, also of the same neighborhood. 
Of these marriages only one child, a son, named after his 
father, born of the third wife, survives. 



y 



'ECKMAN, CHARLES A., Brevet Major-General, 
was born at Easton, Pennsylvania, December 3d, 
1822. When war was declared against Mexico 
he entered the army as First Lieutenant of Com- 
pany H, 1st Voltigeurs, and was engaged in 
several of the most important battles fought dur- 
ing that conflict — National Bridge, Contreras, Cherubusco, 
Molino del Rey and Chapultepec — and was present at the 
capture of the City of Mexico. When mustered out of the 
service at the end of the war, he entered the employment 
of the Central Railroad Company of New Jersey as con- 
ductor, and remained in this position until the breaking out 
of the rebellion. Under the call for troops for three months' 
service, he raised a company in Easton ; was commissioned 
Captain, and was assigned with his command to the 1st 
Pennsylvania Regiment. Under the call for troops to serve 
for three years or the war, he again volunteered, but this 
time at Philipsburg, New Jersey. Governor Olden, appre- 
ciating his military qualities, appointed him Major of the 
9th Regiment New Jersey Volunteers, and his subsequent 
conduct in the field amply justified such selection. His 
conspicuous gallantry in action gained him rapid promotion, 
and in but little more than a year he was raised to the rank 
of Brigadier-General. His bravery amounted almost to 
rashness ; but he held that an officer's duty is not to follow 
but to lead, and that he was not justified in ordering his 
men into danger that he himself was not willing to be ex- 
posed to. Notwithstanding his constant defiance of death, 
he was never wounded, his only mischance being his cap 
ture and imprisonment in 1S64. His detention at Rich 
mond was not of long duration, and upon his return in May 
he was placed in command of the 2d Division, i8th Corps, 
and was engaged at the capture of Fort HaiTison, one of 
the fiercest fights of the war. Having with his own division 
captured two regiments and four pieces of artillei-y, he was 
suddenly. General Ord, his senior officer, having been 
wounded, placed in command of the entire attacking col- 
umn, and his .able management of the forces at his disposal 
won for him the warm commendation of General Grant. 
On the consolidation of the loth and 18th Corps, he was 
placed in command of the 1st Division of the 25th (colored) 
Corps, and very soon after. General Weitzel being tempo- 
r.irily relieved, became commander of the entire corps. 



Perhaps General Heckman's greatest military achievement 
was the moulding of this corps, greatly disorganized when it 
reverted to him, into effective form. When General Weitzel 
returned he appointed General Heckman Chief of Staff, a 
position held by the latter until the 25th of May, when, the 
war being virtually at an end, he resigned his commission. 
In acknowledgment of his gallant conduct and efficient ser- 
vices, he received, after his retirement to private life, the 
brevet of Major-General, dating from the capture of Fort 
Harrison. 



AGE, THOMAS, M. D., late of Tuckerton, was 
born at Cross Roads, Burlington county, New 
Jersey, June 8th, 1798. He received a liberal 
education, and inclining toward the medical pro- 
fession entered upon his studies under the direc- 
tion of Dr. Joseph Parrish, of Philadelphia. In 
due course, he matriculated at the University of Pennsyl- 
vania, medical department, from which he was graduated 
in the spring of 1821. Soon after graduating he became 
associated in partnership with his father, and together they 
labored in the performance of the dutijs appertaining to a 
large practice extending over a wide and populous district 
of country, and taxing their powers of endurance to the 
utmost. This connection existed for about twelve years, 
when the failing health of the son necessitated its dissolu- 
tion. He then removed to Tuckerton, in the same county, 
and engaged in mercantile pursuits in connection with the 
limited practice of his profession. The latter he continued 
for several years, but finally confined himself to a consulting 
practice. A few years before the outbreak of the rebellion 
he had successfully engaged in the milling and lumber busi- 
ness in Virginia, ^\■hen the war began he encountered 
many vicissitudes and dangers, but finally succeeded in dis- 
posing of his movable property at an immense sacrifice, 
and entirely abandoning his real estate, he started for his 
home in New Jersey, thus losing the results of years of toil. 
On his way he was unexpectedly detained several weeks at 
Norfolk, as parole prisoner, during which time his family 
lieard nothing from him; at last, through the influence of 
some Southern gentlemen, who had formed for him a warm 
friendship by reason of his upright business habits and 
gentlemanly, genial manners, he was granted a permit to 
pass the lines, and reached home safely. He afterward 
engaged in the drug business at Tuckerton, and continued 
it until his death, which occurred February iSth, 1876. He 
was a successful physician, and very progressive in his ten- 
dencies, adopting in his treatment many years ago methods 
that only very recently have become general. As a busi- 
ness man he always bore a character for the highest integ- 
rity, and proved a safe counsellor and adviser to his neigh- 
bors. His ability and personal qualities won the entire 
confidence of the community, by which he was chosen to 
represent its interests in the State Legislature for one term. 





'p ^^ 



Cr-C^Cc^x^ 



BIOGRAPHICAL EXCVCLOP.EDIA. 



207 



He was twice married, and left two sons by his first 
two daughters by his second marriage. 



j'OLTON, WILLIAM, Wholesale Grocer, was born 
in Trenton, New Jersey, April 6lh, 1S31, his 
parents being Edward and Mary (McVeyj Dol 
ton. Educated at one of the leading select 
schools of his native town, he began his business 
career, at the age of sixteen years, m a general 
store owned by his father, conducting the affairs of the estab- 
lishment with marked success until he attained his majority. 
In 185S he established the first wholesale grocery house in 
Trenton. The building in which he began operations was 
specially erected for him, and adjoined his present location, 
upon Warren street. It had a frontage of thirty-three feet, 
and extended to a depth of one hundred and five feet, being 
at that time the finest edifice of its kind m the city. Here, 
notwithstanding his situation betwixt the two largest cities 
of the country, and (he consequent rivalry into which he 
was brought with the great wholesale grocery houses of both, 
he rapidly built up a profitable and far-extending trade; his 
close application to business, supplemented by untirmg 
energy and thorough business tact, enabhng him to succeed 
in a venture that, undertaken by a man of less resolute pur- 
pose, or by one having a less comprehensive grasp of com- 
mercial theories, would assuredly have failed. With each 
passing year his business rapidly increased, and during the 
past decade his annual sales have averaged more than a 
milliun of (loll.iis. In 1865 he admitted into his partner- 
ship his bro'her-inlaw, Jonathan H. Blackwell, and since 
that date the style of the firm has been William Dolton & 
Co. Finding it necessary in 1S72 to increase his facilities 
for business, he erected a new building that is, without ex- 
ception, the finest ever put up in Trenton for business pur- 
poses, and it stands to-d.ay as a monument to its founder, 
who has in all probability done more to advance the com- 
mercial and other interests of the city than has any one 
other individual. The building is thirty-nine feet front by 
one hundred and thirty deep, and has four floors, besides an 
attic and basement. The portion used by the firm is valued 
at fifty thousand dollars, and is in every respect admirably 
adapted to the numerous requirements of the several branches 
of the business carried on within its walls, a business that 
extends from the coal regions to the Atlantic ocean. The 
block adjoining the wholesale department, and containing 
the post-office, Adams' express office and several mercantile 
establishments, is valued at one hundred and fifty thousand 
dollai-s. Always alive to the advancement of the interest of 
the community for which he has already done so much, he 
has made a wise provision in the erection of his block by 
arranging the upper floors in suites for dwellings, thus en- 
abling families of refined tastes to enjoy comfortable 
homes, wi:'.i ail modern conveniences, at a small rental. 



Precisely this need has long been felt in Trenton, and in 
satisfying it he has not only advanced his own interests but 
has greatly ministered to the welfare of his fellow-townsmen. 
He IS the undoubted and acknowledged leader of commer- 
cial affairs in Trenton, and during his business career, ex- 
tending over a period of more than twenty-five years, he has 
embraced ever)' opportunity to promote the prosperity of the 
city. Appreciating the advantages to be gained by increased 
railroad facilities, he was among the first to counsel the 
building of a new line between Philadelphia and New York 
by way of Trenton, thus gaining for residents of Trenton 
greater independence and increased despatch in the receipt 
and shipment of freights ; and although his proposition was 
strongly opposed, he, with others, persisted in forcing it upon 
the public until at last a substantial victory was won in the 
completion of the Bound Brook line. To him belongs the 
honor of being one of the original incorporators, as well as 
that of being one of the first to advise the building of the road. 
In 1864 he advocated the increase of banking facilities for 
the city, and to this end was one of the founders of the First 
National Bank of Trenton, an institution in which he served 
as Direcior for several years. This bank has a capital of half 
a million, and has the entire confidence of the business com- 
munity. In various ways beside this banking enterprise Ins 
judgment and business insight have been utilized in the 
furtherance of commercial and monetary projects. In 1S72 
he was elected and still is President of the Standard Fire 
Insurance Company, of Trenton, an organization having a 
capital of three hundred and twenty thousand dollars ; he is a 
Director of the Merchants' Transportation Company, an asso- 
ciation running a line of steam-propellers between New 
York, Trenton and Philadelphia; and to his energy w.is 
mainly due the organization of the Trenton Board of Trade, 
of which body he is President. His remarkable success as a 
merchant and financier must be attributed to his clear un- 
derstanding of commercial affairs ; to his power of working 
out details as well as determining general principles, and, 
above all, to his life-long habits of industry; having these 
qualities, he has been enabled to carry his business safely 
through the several financial panics that have swept over 
the country since his business career began ; and it is due 
to them that he is now, in the prime of his life, a representa- 
tive successful American merchant. He was married, June 
19th, i86o, to Elizabeth W. Blackwell, of Hopewell, New 
Jersey. 



HORNTON, SAMUEL CARY, M. D., late of 

Moorestown, was born at Buckingham, Bucks 

I county, Pennsylvania, in the year 1791, being the 

^h ^ son of Joseph and Mary Thornton, respected resi- 

t^Ca^ dents of that place. After a preliminary training 

he became a pupil in the Doylestown Academy, 

where he studied assiduously and took a good position. 

Medicine presenting itself to his mind as the profession 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.ILDIA. 



mos! consonant with his tastes ami sympathies, he began to 
read the text-books under the direction of Dr. Wilson, of 
Buckingham. He entered the medical department of the 
University of Pennsylvania, and at the conclusion of a full 
course was graduated from that time-honored institution in 
the spring of 1816. Directly after graduation he settled in 
Moorestown, Burlington county, New Jersey, and opened 
an office for the practice of his profession. In this place he 
remained until his death, a period of forty-two yeare, en- 
gaged uninterruptedly in professional duties. By his skill 
and attention as a physician, and' his estimable qualities as 
a man and a citizen, he endeared himself to a very wide 
circle. His death occurred March 19th, 1S58. 



'iLTS, ISAIAH N., Lawyer, of Somerville, was 
born at Schooley's Mountain, Morris county, New 
Jersey, August 3d, 1824, and is the son of Daniel 
Dilts, a highly respected farmer of that neighbor- 
hood. After attending the public schools of his 
native place, where he manifested an aptness for 
acquiring knowledge, he fitted for college at Morristown, 
and then entered the sophomore class in Lafayette College, 
Easton, Pennsylvania, in 1841. From this institution he 
was graduated in 1844, taking the highest honors of his 
class. Shortly after graduation, having chosen the profes- 
sion of the law for his life career, he began reading there- 
for with the late Senator Jacob W. Miller and ex-Chief 
Justice Whelpley, then law partners at Morristown. With 
these eminent lawyers he continued a student until his ad- 
mission to the bar in 1847. During the same year he com- 
menced the practice of law in Morristown. Three years 
later, in 1850, he received his counsellor's license, and hav- 
ing pursued his profession in the town for six years, he, in 
1853, removed to Somerville, where he has since resided. 
He holds several professional appointments, being Supreme 
Court Commissioner, United States Commissioner, and 
Special Master in Chancery. His practice is a general one, 
and takes him into all the .State and Federal courts. A 
lawyer of sound and extensive learning, he is held in high 
estimation by his professional brethren and much consulted 
by them. He is also a gentleman of fine literary taste and 
culture, not only retaining but cultivating the knowledge of 
the classical and foreign languages acquired in college days, 
and keeping thoroughly abreast of the literature and thought 
of the age. Of a quiet, scholarly disposition and bearing, 
the first impression conveyed to a stranger by his appearance 
would be that he was a college professor. His literaiy 
writings have been numerous, consisting largely of conlri- 
bations to various periodicals and magazines. He is also 
an eloquent and impressive speaker. Previous to the 
organization of the Liberal party he affiliated with the 
Republicans, but when that event occurred, and Horace , 
Greeley was nominated as its standard bearer in the Presi- ! 



denti.al campaign of 1872, he entered warmly into the move- 
ment, as did so many of the truest and most consistent Re- 
publicans, who regarded that candidate as the ideal. of 
political integrity and worth. To the canvass he lent his 
best energies, and while success did not crown the move- 
ment, he, with his associates, feels proud of the course he 
then pursued. He was a delegate to the Republican Na- 
tional Convention at Cincinnati in 1876, and supported 
Hayes and Wheeler for President and Vice-President. Al- 
though he is deeply interested in political affairs, enters into 
a campaign with great earnestness, and by his eloquent and 
effective speaking wields a powerful influence, he has in- 
variably declined office or nomination for office. He was 
married, April 23d, 1856, to Ellen, youngest daughter of 
the late Judge Vandeveer, and sister of Mrs. W. L. Dayton. 
She died in 1S75. 

'f^ERRENCE, HERREN A., M. D., of New Hamp- 



(7f 



28th, 1848. He is descended from a brother 
. - , of Brian Boru, the most celebrated of the native 
C,("t3 Irish kings. Several of his ancestors were officers 

in the revolutionary wai-s of Iieland, always on 
the side of Irish liberty. Both his great-grandfathers were 
executed for having taken up arms against the British in 
1798. A great-uncle of his, a clergyman, studied at the 
famous University of Louvain, where, on the occasion of 
a visit by the Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, lie so won the 
regard of that functionary by the fluency with which he 
conversed in the different languages that his excellency, on 
taking leave, not only complimented the youth in wann 
terms, but promised him his services, if needed, in the 
future. A sad occasion for them arose not many years 
after, when the father of the gifted young man, then in 
orders, was condemned to death for disloyalty to the British 
crown. Repairing to the Lord-Lieutenant, who, to do him 
justice, proved as good as his word, the son flew with a 
reprieve to the castle in which his father was confined, but, 
alas, too late ! the authorities, hearing of his success with 
the Lord-Lieutenant, and thirsting for blood, having had 
the unhappy victim led forth to execution before the coming 
repiieve could reach them. The father of the subject of 
this sketch was an Irish gentleman and landholder. His 
mother was a sister of the vicar-general of the diocese of 
Cloyne. He received a classical education, and prepared 
for the church, under the tutorship of D. Reardon, LL.D., 
in Cork. He, however, relinquished the church in favor 
of the medical profession, but before he finished his 
studies became involved in the Irish revolutionary move- 
ment of 1864 and 1865; was arrested, with a number of 
others, imprisoned, tried and condemned to exile for a period 
of five years. Choosing this country as his land of exile, 
he came to the city of New York, travelled extensively 
through the country, and finished his medical studies, so 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 



209 



that by the expirntion of his term of exile in 1S73, lie was 
alile to return to Ireland, as he did, with hardly a chasm in 
his professional course, which he at once renewed in its 
higher branches at Paris, London and Dublin, graduating 
finally at the Royal College of Surgeons in the latter city. 
Receiving a license to practise in the three kingdoms, he 
became in 1874 clinical assistant to Sir William Wilds, in 
St. Mark's Hospital, Dublin, from whom he bears testi- 
monials, as well as from Drs. Kid, Ruyland, Churchill, and 
the other leading medical professors in the various institu- 
tions wherein he was student or assistant. During his stay 
in his native land at this time, his political friends, mindful 
of his devotion to the Green Isle, nominated him for the 
ofiice of coroner for the district including the city of Cork, 
one of the most important and lucrative elective offices in the 
county, but such was his antipithy to British rule that he 
declined to recognize it by holding office or standing for 
office under it. He was offered a surgeon's commission in 
the army of Don Carlos, but was prevented, by the opposi- 
tion of friends, from accepting it. In 1S75 he returned to 
the United States and established himself in his profession 
at New Hampton Junction, New Jersey, where he has al- 
ready built up a large and remunerative practice, extending 
from Somerville to Easton. He has performed a number 
of operations that have attracted much public attention, 
notably one recorded in the CalholU Citizen of Septeml>er 
4th, 1S75, performed on the arm of a lady of New York 
city, which resulted in bringing about' a cure after medical 
skill had long been baffled. For so young a man his career 
has been noteworthy, and promises, if he lives, to lead up 
to one of great usefulness and distinction. He indeed is 
still but a youngster, having measured scarcely half of the 
sunny side of his prime. 



TOKES, CHARLES, Farmer, of Rancocas, son 
of David and Ann Stokes, born in Willing- 
borough, now Beverly, in the county of Burling- 
ton, New Jersey, August 12th, 1791, traces his 
genealogy from Thomas Stokes, of London, Eng- 
land, who was born in 1640, married Mary Bar- 
nard, daughter of John Barnard, October 30th, 1668, and 
settled in Burlington county. New Jersey, soon after the 
making of "the concessions and agreements of the proprie- 
tors, freeholders and inhabitants of the Province of West 
New Jersey, in America." To this instrument b? was a 
party. This constitution or form of government for the 
province was thus characterized in a letter to Richard 
Ilartshorne, by William Penn, Gawen Lawrie, Nicholas 
Lucas and others, dated 2Slh of Sixth month, 1676 : " There 
we lay a foundation for after ages to understand their liberty 
as men and Christians, that they may not be brought in 
bondage but by their own consent, for we put the power in 
the people, etc., etc." In it w.is established a representative 
form of government, trial by jury, and liberty of conscience, 
27 



all concisely but fully set forth, especially the last, which 
commences with the memorable declaration, that no "men 
nor number of men upon earth hath power or authority to 
rule other men's consciences in religious matters," etc. Al- 
together it formed " the common law or fundamental ri"hls 
and privileges of West New Jersey," and it has been but 
little improved in this or any other country since its promul- 
gation, though two centuries have elapsed. Thomas Stokes 
became the proprietor of a farm on the north side of ihe 
north branch of the Rancocas river, about three miles west 
of Mount Holly, and had three sons, John, Thomas and 
Joseph, all of whom weie farmers. The two latter were 
heads of large families of children, by wiiom the name has 
been widely extended. John, who married Elizabeth 
Green, daughter of Thomas Green, and granddaughter of 
Arthur Green, of Bugbroke, county of Northton, England, 
became proprietor of a farm on the north side of the Ran- 
cocas river, less than two miles westerly of his father's loca- 
tion. He had but the one son, John, who married Hannah, 
daughter of Jervas Stockdale, and succeeded his father on 
his farm on the Rancocas. He left three sons, John, David 
and Jervas. David married Ann, the daughter of John and 
Elizabeth Lancaster, of Bucks county, Pennsylvania, and 
succeeded his father on the homestead i^irm on the Ranco- 
cas; he had four sons, named Israel, John I,., Charles and 
David Stokes, but no daughters. Charles Stokes married 
Tacy, daughter of William and Ann Jarrett, Montgomery 
county, Pennsylvania, October iSth, 1816, erected buildings 
and commenced business on a part of the homestead farm 
on the Rancocas river. They had two sons, Jarrett and 
William, and three daughters, Hannah, Alice and Annie, 
married as follows : Jarrett married Martha, daughler of 
William and Hannah Hilyard ; William married Annie, 
daughter of James and Rebecca Mcllvaine ; Hannah mar- 
ried Charles, son of Joseph and Martha Williams; Alice 
married William, son of John R. and Letitia P. Parry; and 
Annie married Chalkley, son of John and Ann Albertson ; 
all forming an unbroken succession of farmers, including a 
space of nearly two centuries and continuing to the present 
time. Charles Stokes, the subject of this sketch, received 
his school education mostly at Friends' School at Rancocas. 
At a time when but few aspired to anything further than 
such branches as were thought necessary to qualify for the 
ordinary business of life, he, having a t.isle for study and the 
acquisition of knowledge, with a few others of about the 
same time of life, availed themselves of an opportunity which 
presented, and took a deep interest in advanced studies, 
particularly of a mathematical character. These tended to 
enlarge the views and stimulate in his mind a desire to ob- 
tain useful knowleflge from every available source. Books 
of a character to gratify this desire were but lew and hard to 
be obtained in the vicinity of his residence. No library ex- 
isted nearer than Burlington, five miles, where was an an- 
cient and good collection of books for that day. In addi- 
tion to this he was proffered by Joship ^Vallan, a venerable 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENXVCLOr.€DIA. 



citizen of Burlington, Ihe free u'le of his extensive ami ex- 
cellent private library. He now commenced a study of his- 
tory, seeking to make himself acquainted with the rise and 
fall of nations, and the acts of distinguished characters who 
had sionalized themselves in the different departments of life. 
Love of liberty and aversion to tyranny of every description 
appeared to be inwrought in his nature, and he felt his mis- 
sion to be to cherish and support the one and discountenance 
the other on every proper occasion and by all suitable 
means. He endeavored to make himself acquainted with 
the history, constitution and laws of his Slate and countr)', 
to judge of the acts of such as were in power to administer 
them, calmly and without excitement, and in his own judg- 
ment mete justice to all. In his early life he became im- 
|iressed with the conviction that Infinite Wisdom was not 
unmindful of man after his introduction into this life, but 
that by His omniscience and omnipresence was always with 
him as a sure and unfailing rule to rightly instruct him in 
all things in matters of duty, furnishing ability to perform it, 
providing the terms were accepted. This conviction, deeply 
engraven, had much influence in moulding his character and 
pursuits. He endeavored in all things so to conduct him- 
self that his mind would be at ease and avoid remorse, being 
satisfied that this rule of life gave all the liberty necessary for 
its enjoyments, and would qualify for its duties. Agricul- 
ture was the pursuit chjsen by him. He labored on his 
father's farm during the suminer months, teaching a school 
the balance of the year. This w.is continued for several 
years, keeping him in sympathy with the manual laborer, and 
also brightening what he had acquired of school learning, 
nnd furnishing opportunities for extended improvement. 
About the twenty-fifth year of his life he married Tacy Jar- 
rett, daughter of William and Ann Jarrett, as before stated; 
an acquisition of great importance to him as a faithful part- 
ner in the vicissitudes of life, wise in admonition and 
steady in support in times of trial. To her he thinks he owes 
much for whatever he may have accomplished, and what- 
ever enjoyments he may have possessed. They commenced 
life on a part of the old Stokes farm, near the present vil- 
lage of RancQcas, she performing the duties of housewifery, 
he managing and laboring on the farm, and occasionally 
surveying land, writing and taking acknowledgments of 
deeds, etc., being a Master in the Court of Chancery, set- 
tling estates, and performing the duties of township offices, 
as Township Committee Clerk, Chosen Freeholder, etc. In 
the fall of 1S30, without his wish or desire, he was elected 
n memhep of the House of Assembly for the county of 
ISurlington. After taking his seat the first duty that pre- 
sented to his mind was to have repealed an enactment to 
]ny a chaplain for services at the State prison; and this was 
effected on the ground that the constitution as it then stood 
prohibited the payment of money for the support of a minis- 
try, etc. In those days New Jersey did not have any cler- 
gyman to open the session of the Legislature with prayer. 
The old sentiments embodied in the " concessions and 



agreements " had not become entirely obliterated in Ihe 
minds of the people, and legislative bodies left the important 
matter of approaching Infinite Mercy in supplication to the 
individual members. It is believed by Mr. Stokes to have 
been quite as well done and with more safety to our re- 
litrious liberties than by the present method. In 1831 the 
constitution required the Legislature to be elected and meet 
in the fall of the year; the custom being to meet, organize, 
perform a few official acts, and adjourn to an early day in 
the ensuing year. At this adjourned session in 1831, Dr. 
Willi.am 15. Ewing, an old and influential member from 
Cumberland, moved that J. Hancock (a worthy member 
from Morris) should open the session with prayer. Chailes 
Stokes objected to the right of the House, by resolutions or 
otherwise, to direct a member to perform an act of this kind, 
stating that if any member should find it to be a duty to 
engage in the solemn act of public invocation, he would be 
among the last to object. Hancock arose and stated that 
such was his case, but he did not wish to impose upon the 
House without consent. Charles Stokes then withdrew his 
objection, whereupon Hancock knelt, and the House arose, 
as by common consent, without vote. The prayer was 
impressive and accompanied by due solemnity. When the 
House was about to close sine die and the members tosejia- 
rate to their several homes, Hancock made a short addrc.s 
suited to the occasion, and said that if there was no objec- 
tion he would address the Throne of Grace in SHpplicati<in. 
The House (without vote) manifested their approval by 
rising, and a fervent prayer was uttered by Hancock; im- 
mediately the Speaker pronounced an adjournment without 
day, and the members separated to their respective homes 
with much friendly feeling. At the preceding session of 
the Legislature two companies were incorporated : one 
to unite by canal the w.aters of the Delaware and Raritan 
rivers; the other to construct a railroad from Camden to 
.-Vmboy, under the names of Camden & Amboy Railroad 
Company and Delaware & Raritan Canal Company. Stock 
was taken ; both companies organized and commenced 
operations. In the session of 1S30-31 the canal company 
asked for additional powers to enable them to build a rail- 
road on the bank of their canal. This was vigorously op- 
posed by the railroad company, and upon this point the 
House of Assembly was nearly equally divided. The re- 
sult was the introduction of a bill to unite the two com- 
panies under the name of the " Delaware & Raritan Canal 
and Camden & Amboy Railroad and Transportation Com- 
panies." This was opposed by Charles Stokes on the 
ground that the location of the works and the union of two 
such companies would concentrate a power not to be man- 
aged or controlled by the State. The union was sanctioned 
by the Legislature, and at the ensuing session an act was 
passed prohibiting any other railroad being built to compete 
in business with the works of the joint companies^ thus 
giving the exclusive right of transportation and travel be- 
tween New York and Philadelphia, which for many years 



BIOGRArniCAL E.NXVCLOr.EDlA. 



greatly retarded the improvement of the: State. During all 
this time Charles Stokes, always a friend of the companies, 
hut steadily and unyieldingly opposed to their moncipoly 
privileges, with a few others, by availing themselves of 
every suitable opportunity, at length had the great gratifi- 
cation of seeing the State enfranchised and freed from the 
incubus which had paralyzed every effort in the way of 
railroad improvement. The Slate school law underwent a 
revision during this session calculated to remove all secta- 
rianism in schools, and to preserve to parents control over 
the education of their children. In this subject Charles 
Stokes took a deep interest at the time, and has so con- 
tinued, now for more than half a century, on all proper oc- 
casions protesting against the tendencies of the age as appre- 
hended by him — the assumption of powers by the St.ate in 
controlling the education of the children — as calculated to 
subvert our dear-bought liberties, both civil and religious. 
At the close of the session he retired to an active private 
life, positively refusing to be again a candidate, until the 
public became much divided in regard to the jwlicy of 
Andrew Jackson, President, concerning the E.ink of the 
United States. His refusal to allow the bink further to re- 
ceive the revenues of the government on deposit created 
much excitement and dissatisfaction with a large portion of 
the community; so much so that but comparilively few 
would speak in advocacy of his measures. That there 
might be no doubt as to his opinion, Charles Stokes per- 
mitted his name to be used as a candidate for Council in the 
.State Legislature in connection with others who approved 
of the policy of the President. They were defeated then, 
as was expected, but the public sentiment subsequently be- 
came so much changed upon the subject, that in the fall 
of 1836 he was i-elurned a member of the Legislative 
Council. Having discharged this trust in such a way as to 
meet his own approval, he declined a further candidacy and 
again resumed his former avocations. On February 23d, 
1844, the Legislature of New Jereey passed an act provid- 
ing for an election of deleg.ates to meet in convention to 
frame a constitution for the government of the State. 
Charles Stokes was elected a member of this body, and on 
May 14th of the same year -took his seat at the org.anization 
of theconvention, which was composed of men distinguished 
for talent and hiL,h moral worth, selected with the intention 
that party preferences should be balanced. Early in the 
session Richard S. Field offered a resolution " that the sit- 
tings of the convention be opened every morning with 
pr.ayer, and that the clergymen of the city of Trenton and 
its vicinity be invited to officiate on such occasions." 
Charles Stokes said that he appreciated the importr.nce of 
the service for which they were assembled, imd the neces- 
sity for Divine .assistance to enable them to wisely perform 
their duties. They were in their seats representing different 
scclions of the State, the wdiole people, and the interests 
of all. Different views, no doubt, were entertained with 
rL-giiid to the proper mode of offering prayer ; and each one 



was entitled to his opinion; amino man, nor number of 
men, had a right to impose religious services upon another, 
contrary to what he believed to be right. The provisions 
of the iSth and igih sections of the constitution of 1776, 
which they had bound themselves by solemn asseveration to 
maintain, guaranteed this protection, and up to this day 
had been sacredly observed. If now, r,u this momentous 
occasion, they should sanction the ]ii inciple embraced in the 
resolution offered by the member from Mercer, they woulil 
open a door for practices, for legislation, leading to a sub- 
version of liberty of conscience, to a union of church and 
state ; Legislatures would have imposed upon them prayers, 
perhaps gratuitously in the beginning, but soon compensated 
by enforced taxation, lie believed the mind .should always 
be in the attitude of prayer, that men should " pray without 
ceasing," that they .should do their own praying, and not by 
proxy. R. S. Field replied that a constitutional conven- 
tion was a rare occasion, might not again occur for a cen- 
tury, and its gravity would not only justify, but demanded 
an extra solemnity to mark its proceedings ; that it could 
not be quoted as precedent by the Legislature, not only be- 
cause the character of the bodies were unlike, 1 ut the con- 
stitution would prohibit it. The resolution passed; the 
clergy were introduced and officiated. The first ensuing 
Legislature followed the example of the convention, and this 
practice has been continued without exception; first with a 
present of stationery, but of late with pecuniary compensa- 
tion added. Thus a usage has been established which Mr. 
Stokes believes forebodes no good to the religious liberties 
of the people. There were various other subjects which 
ehg.aged the attention of the convention, in which Charles 
.Stokes took a deep interest, among which several may be 
mentioned. In the bill of rights and privileges is a pro- 
vision that the rights of conscience to worship shall be in- 
violably maintained. The paragraph upon this important 
subject was prepared by him, and unanimously adojiled by 
the convention. The funds of the .State set apart for the 
maintenance of public or free schools, at his suggestion, 
were so guarded that they should be "for the equal benefit 
of all the people of the .Stale." This provision was intended 
and understood at the time by the convention that the 
Legislature should not have power to prescribe any terms, 
sectarian or otherwise, that would deprive any portion of the 
people of the .State of their part of the school funds, nor 
take from parents and guardians of children Ihe great right 
to educate their children in their own way, at the expense 
of their share of the funds. This protection was held sacred 
for a time, but at length was disregaided by the Legislature 
and a system introduced which, in the opinion of Mr. 
Stokes, establishes principles .subversive of justice and 
equity and religious liberty. The use of oaths was objected 
to Ijy him as unnecessary and without effect in insuring per- 
forming services or in speaking truth, demoralizing in ten- 
dency, by frequent appeals to the gre.at Creator as ncccssnry 
to be honest, to speak the truth, or be believed. He held 



EIOGRAnilCAL ENCVCLOr.EDIA. 



that such as had not principle to ilo right without the for- 
mality of an oatli, would not hesitate at perjury, provided 
there was no penalty. Let the penaUy for false testimony 
remain, and oaths be abolished, said he, and the cause of 
morality would be promoted and the public better served. 
With this sentiment many of the most eminent of the con- 
vention united, and were it not that the constitution of the 
United States required the States to conform to the practice, 
the probability was strong that the provision would not have 
been retained in the constitution of the State. Under the 
military laws of the State fines were imposed upon such as 
did not train in the militia, however scrupulous or religiously 
conscientious they might be, and if the pecuniary fine could 
not be recovered, the penaUy was imprisonment in the 
county jail. Charles Stokes requested Judge I. Horn 
blower to offer an amendment in the proper place to abolish 
the imprisonment; which he willingly agreed to do, with 
the addition of " in time of peace." With this addition the 
amendment was adopted, and forms a part of the constitu- 
tion, affording great relief to a worthy portion of the com 
munity. He advocated equality in taxation; that the bur- 
thens borne by the agricultural community should be shared 
by trades and professions. This proposition, just and proper 
in his eyes, was of a nature not to be readily adopted by the 
convention, and, of course, f.iiled. The convention, having 
been in session about forty days, were ready to close their 
labors and submit the constitution which they had framed 
to the people of the State for their approval or rejection. 
Alexander Wurts, their president, congratul.ited them upon 
the happy result of their labors, and the uniform spirit of 
harmony w'hich marked their deliberations, stating that the 
members had faithfully discharged their duty by conforming 
to the honorable and patriotic example set them by their 
constituents. In the spirit of harmony and kind feeling 
thus indicated and manifested, it was but natural and to be 
desired that entire unity should characterize the final vote 
of approval. Charles Stokes sympathized with this feeling, 
and so expressed himself to the convention, and desired to 
do nothing to inteiTupt it. He had considered the matter 
well. He thought they had prepared a good constitution ; 
perh.aps as well suited to the condition of the people of the 
State as they could offer; but there were principles involved 
to which he could not give his .assent. The military powers 
conferred, he was fully aware, could not be dispensed with 
by the body of the people with the views actuating them, 
and he was not .about to censure them ; they had an equal 
right to their opinions that he claimed for himself. He be- 
lieved, however, in the existence of a principle which, if 
permitted to govern our actions, would end contention, 
strife and wars. Believing in the potency of such a princi- 
ple, and in the duty to maintain it in action, he could not 
consistently i npose upon others a duty he could not discharge 
liiniself. He was impelled, therefore, to kindly ask the 
convention to release him from participating in the final 
vote of approval. He asked this not only on the ground 



stated, but because he did not wish to mar the remarkable 
harmony which had prevailed in their deliberations by a 
negative vote. The request was kindly received, a full 
sentiment expressed that consistency demanded it should be 
ni.ade, and by unanimous vote it was granted, and he was 
requested to put his reasons in shape, that such might be 
placed on the record. This he gave in the following terms : 
" On account of the military features contained in the con- 
stitution." Thus ended his labors here, and he returned to 
his home in peace, and so far as he knows with the kind 
feelings and friendship of his fellow-members. Here again 
he engaged in the duties of an active business life, in all 
things endeavoring to be governed by that influence which 
hitherto he had found lo be a safe conductor. His leisure 
lime was much occupied in reading, wilh the view to gain 
instruction in all matters appertaining to the welfare of man. 
In his opinion the existence of an Infinite Creator is mani- 
fest by Ilis works, and His attributes by the gracious im- 
pressions and teachings made upon the mind. He does not 
seek to imagine form, nor to determine locality, but to be 
satisfied with the Scripture doctrine, that such things as are 
revealed belong to us ; but such as are secret and not re- 
vealed belong to the great Fountain of Knowledge. And 
so to conform his life and actions as to be in harmony with 
this power, this intelligence that permeates all things, con- 
stitutes the leading purpose of his life. With him it removes 
the bane of sectarianism, and enables him to recognize fel- 
lowship with all whose hearts are in harmony with the 
Divine Nature, and qualified for the discharge of duties, not 
only of religious but of civil life. He endeavors to keep 
himself informed of the proceedings of his State and of the 
general government, and has occasionally written articles 
upon public subjects, some of which have been printed over 
his own proper signature. Prompt to form opinions upon 
measures touching the public welfare, he has been careful 
in his manner of expressing them. Solicitous to disch.arge 
his duties rightly in social and business life, and without 
anything especial to mark the last thirty or more years, he 
may be said to have acted the part of a good citizen. He is 
remarkably preserved in health and vigor, both of body and 
mind, although now of the advanced age of eighty-six years. 
On Soturday, October 2ist, 1876, there were assembled at 
his residence a large number of relatives and friends to 
celebrate the sixtieth anniversaiy of his marriage wilh his 
wife, Tacy. The reading of the certificate of marriage 
drawi»up according to the usage of the Society of Friends, 
dated iSth day of Tenth month, 1816, signed by the parties 
themselves and by sixty-three witnesses, was followed by 
that of a memorial prepared by the children, and by their 
desire to be appended to the certificate, bearing the names 
of their parents, their children, children-in-law, grand and 
gre.at-grandchildren, to the number of fifty-two, and of their 
friends who were present to the number of twenty-four. 
Charles Stokes then addressed the meeting, expressing his 
sincere feeling of gratitude to those who had so largely con- 



EIOGRAnilCAL EXCVCLOr.EDIA. 



2«3 



tributed lo the joyousness of the occasion. Judge Naar, of 
Tienton, being present, made some brief remarks, adverting 
to the beneficial moral effects upon the young people present 
of such an occasion. Following the example of their hon- 
ored progenitor they might look for useful and honored 
lives, without stain or reproach, as his had been, and might 
hope at the age of eighty-six years, to which he had arrived, 
to be surrounded by descendants as worthy and respectable 
as those who then surrounded him. Judge Naar was fol- 
lowed by Mary S. Lippincott, of Moorestown, New Jersey, 
who, in a happy and graceful manner, alluded to her life- 
long connection with Charles and his wife, and her affec- 
tionate regards for them and their descendants. It is hardly 
possible to imagine a more interesting occasion ; the love 
and affection between the relatives, the simplicity of man- 
ners of all, from the youngest to the oldest, the absence of 
ostentation and display — all gave a charm to it which will 
lonsr be remembered. 



ARRY, HON. WILLIAM, of Cinnaminson, New 
Jersey, Civil Engineer, Surveyor, Conveyancer' 
Master in the Court of Chancery, and Judge of 
the Court of Common Pleas for Burlington 
county, was born, October 9th, 1S17, near 
Moorestown, in that county, and is a son of John 
R. Parry and Laetitia P., his wife, both of whom were na- 
tives of Pennsylvania, but removed to New Jersey in 1S16, 
and settled on the farm where their son now resides. John 
R. Parry was born, October 30th, 17S3, married Laetitia P. 
Smith, daughter of Thomas Smith, had five children and 
died February 8th, 1845. Jo^i" R- Parry was son of John 
Parry, 2d, who was born December 13th, 1754, married 
Elizabeth Roberts, and had two sons ; John Parry, 2d, was 
son of John Parry, 1st, who was born July 2Sth, 1721, mar- 
ried Margaret Tyson, and had seven children ; John Parry, 
1st, was son of Thomas Parry, gentleman, who was born 
about the year A. D. l68o, in Caernarvonshire, North Wales 
— where the family had been seated for many generations — 
came to America near the close of the seventeenth century, 
married in 1715 Jane Morris, by whom he had ten children, 
and was the founder of the Parry family in Pennsylvania. 
He settled in what is now Montgomery county, Pennsyha- 
nia, and had ten children, all born between 1716 and 1739. 
To this family Lieutenant-Colonel Caleb Parry, of Colonel 
Atlee's Continental Regiment, belonged ; he lost his life at 
the battle of Long Island in 1776. Major Edward Ran- 
dolph Parry, of the United States army, who was commis- 
sioned in 1861, resigned in 1871, and died in 1874 of hard- 
ships incurred during the late civil war, was also of this 
family, a more full history of which is to be found in " The 
History of Bucks County, Pennsylvania," published by 
General W. W. H. Davis. William Parry's preliminary 
education was obtained at the Friends' school in the neigh- 
borhood ; and he subsequently attended the academy of 



Benjamin Ilallowell, also a Friend, at Alexandria, Virginia, 
where he remained until 1837. In the following year he 
commenced the nursery business on the homestead farm, 
which he has ever since continued to cultivate and which is 
generally known throughout the country by the name of 
Pomona Nursery, and is the most extensive esUiblishnicnt 
of its kind in the State, comprising over three huinhcd 
acres in cultivation, about one hundreti of which are usu.illy 
I devoted to growing small fruits. Plis residence sl.imls 
among the stately old trees which he planted in his younger 
days; and many of more recent introduction have since 
[ been added. An avenue of near half a mile in length, bor- 
dered at a distance of several rods on each side with broad 
belts planted with a general collection of hardy ornamental 
trees and evergreens. The various nurseiy fields are scpi- 
rated merely by driveways or trees, and the proprietor is dis- 
pensing with fences, where not needed to enclose his own 
stock, finding this plan more convenient, as well as more 
economical and pleasing to the eye. Every new fruit wliith 
comes before the public is thoroughly tested on llu'se 
grounds, and in sufficient quantities to give a thorough tri.il 
of its merits, previous to being disseminated. Many fruit 
farms in the United States have been supplied with trees 
and plants sent from here, and the annual yield of their rich 
products is a continual reminder to their owners of Pomona 
Nursery, from whence the stock was obtained. From 1S50 
lo 1870 he was a practical civil engineer, surveyor and con- 
v;yancer; and during that period he located and superin- 
tended the construction or improvement of over thirty dif- 
ferent turnpike roads, and whilst eng.nged in surveying 
sever.al large tracts of land in the interior of the State, one 
of which contained 40,000 and another 50,000 acres, which 
without convenient means of reaching market was of but 
little value, he became fully impressed with the importance 
of railroads in this State, which contained two million 
acres of unimproved land; and by writing and speaking in 
their favor and against the policy of maintaining the ex- 
clusive privileges of the joint companies, which prohibited 
the construction and use of any railroad in this State without 
their consent, or to compete with them in business, he con- 
tributed largely to effect a change in public sentiment. He 
was elected a member of the Legislature in 1854, and re- 
elected the two following years ; and during the time he 
was in that body, served on many important committees 
and was Speaker of the House of Assembly during the 
session of 1855. He took an active part in the railroad 
war against the monopoly and in favor of granting railroads 
wherever needed to develop the resources of the State and 
bring thousands of acres of land, naturally fertile though un- 
cultivated, within reach of markets. The whole subject of 
exclusive or monopoly privileges in railroading was so 
thoroughly agitated and discussed, that a law was passed 
fixing the time when the exclusive or monopoly privileges 
of the joint companies should ce.ase, determine and end. 
'■ That after the first day ofjanu.-^ry, 1S69, it should be lawful 



214 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.€DIA. 



without the consent of the Delaware & Raritan Canal and 
Cnnulen & Amboy Railroad and Transportation Companies 
(called the joint companies) to construct any railroad or 
riilioads in this State, or to compete in business with the 
railroads of said joint companies." From that time all 
legal restraints against building railroads in New Jersey 
have been removed, and in 1873 a general railroad law was 
passed, and the people left at liberty and encouraged to 
build railroads wherever the public good required. Being 
a member of the Whig party whilst in existence, he was 
chosen President of the fir^t Republican Convention which 
assembled in the State. It was held in Newark, April, 
1856, to organize the Republican party, at which conven- 
tion resolutions were passed taking strong grounds against 
the repeal of the Missouri Compromise, and to resist the 
a -;-,'ressive spirit of slavery, and to accept the issue thus 
f irced upon the free States, regarding the momentous issues 
at Ihe then approaching election to be whether slavery or 
freedom should be national, and in favor of admitting Kan- 
s IS as a free State. He is identified with the interests of 
t!ie county and Slate, and is foremost in all matters that 
jiertain to the welfare of the public. He contributed more 
l.irgely than any other person towards erecting and main- 
taining the public free school in the district, where more 
than one hundred scholars are regularly taught free of 
charge. He now holds many honorable positions in the 
Slate. He was the International Judge from New Jersey 
in the department of pomology, at the late Centennial Ex- 
position, held in Philadelphia. He is a member of the 
New Jersey State Board of Agriculture ; is one of the Man- 
agers of the New Jersey State Geological Survey ; is Presi- 
dent of the West Jersey Surveyors' Association ; is President 
of the State Board of Visitors to Rutgers Scientific College 
for the benefit of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts; is Presi- 
dent of the Westfield and Camden Turnpike Company ; is 
President of Rake Pond Cranberry Company ; is Vice- 
President of the American Pomological Society ; is a mem- 
ber of the Horticultural Societies of both New Jersey and 
Pennsylvania, and an honorary member of the Pennsylvania 
Historical Society ; and at the present time is Judge of the 
Court of Common Pleas and Master in the Court of Chan- 
ceiy. He is highly respected and esteemed by the commu- 
nity where he resides, and in fact by all those who have the 
pleasure of his acquaintance. March 23d, 1843, he married 
Alice, daughter of Charles Stokes. She has been a constant 
and faithful helpmate through all the vicissitudes of life ; wise 
ill counsel, mild and exemplary in deportment, performing 
household duties in a Christian spirit; ever mindful of their 
dependence on Infinite Wisdom, whom she believed would 
at all times rightly direct those who obey Divine admoni- 
tions. To her he thinks he is mainly indebted for what- 
ever good he has accomplished or happiness attained. They 
had seven children, as follows, viz. : Charles, married Anna 
Sill ; Hannah, died at the age of fourteen years ; John R., 
William, Oliver, Howard, and Tacie Parry. 



ERVIS, HOWARD, M. D., of Junction, was born, 
October 6th, 1829, near Rmgoes, New Jersey. 
His father was Garret Servis, a prominent citizen 
of Hunterdon county, who was for three years 
sheriff, was twice elected to the New Jersey Leg- 
islature, and was for several years postmaster at 
Clinton. His mother was Susan Stout, a granddaughter of 
John Hart, one of the signers of the Declaration of Inde- 
pendence. Dr. Servis was educated solely by his father. 
In 1856 he entered the medical department of the Univer- 
sity of Pennsylvania. Being over twenty-one years of age 
at the time of entering he was required to take but two 
terms, and in 1S58 received his degree. He at once estab- 
lished himself at Fairmount, Hunterdon county. New Jersey, 
and soon built up an extensive practice. W'lth unusual pro- 
fessional ardor he determined, after having been in active 
practice for two years, to resume his academic studies, and 
he accordingly in the winter of lS6o attended a special 
course of lectures at the University of Pennsylvania. He 
returned to Fairmount, but at the end of a year he removed 
to New Hampton, and succeeded to the practice of Dr. 
McLenahen, a prominent physician whom failing health 
compelled to give up professional labor, and at whose re- 
quest Dr. Servis made the change. With such indoree- 
ment, he succeeded to the full practice of Dr. Lenahen, and 
has since considerably increased it, and has won the respect 
and esteem of the community in which he resides, both as 
a useful citizen and as an eminently successful physician 
and surgeon. He was married, June 12th, 1867, to Belinda, 
daughter of Philip Johnston, Esq., of Washington, New 
Jersey. 



OBINS, HON. AMOS, late of New Brunswick, 
Legislator, was born in the fourth ward of the 
city of New York, August 30th, 1S15. He was 
educated at a boarding-school in Connecticut, and 
in his later youth served as a clerk in the dry- 
goods house of J. & N. Robins, Pearl street, New 
York, the junior member of the firm bemg his father, the 
senior his uncle. In his early manhood he superintended 
Ihe construction of the railroad from Vicksburg to Jackson, 
in Mississippi. He afterwards purchased a farm near Me- 
tuchen, Middlesex county. New Jersey, on which he lived 
until 1866, when he removed to New Brunswick, where he 
died June 27th, 1 87 1. He married, in Metuchen, Margaret, 
daughter of Mr. William Ross. For sixteen years Mr. 
Robins occupied as a public man a large share of the ad- 
miring attention of his county and State. Under President 
Buchanan he filled the office of Collector of the Port of 
Perth Amboy. In 1856 and 1857 he represented the sec- 
ond district of Middlesex county in the Assembly. He 
represented Middlesex county in the Senate from 1S62 to 
1S71, having been elected for three consecutive terms. He 
was twice elected President of the Senate — in 1864 and in 



r.IOGRArillCAL E.XCVCLOr.EDIA. 



215 



1870; ninl in iSoSwa- Fiesiilenl /■;<) A-w. during llie illness 
of llie pcunanenl I'lcsident. In this latter year he was a 
prominent cantliilate in the Democratic State Convention 
for the nomination for the office of Governor, but, after a 
very close contest, was defeated by Theodore F. Randolph. 
Mr. Robins was equally estimable in public and in private, 
never in either relation betraying a friend or shunning an 
enemy, and, above all, never breaking his faith or his word. 
Ilis character was at once strong and balanced. The ele- 
ments in him were so mixed that, although each was stren- 
uous, the whole was harmonious. A staunch and thorough- 
going Democrat, he was a tolerant partisan and a whole- 
souled citizen. Of intense prejudices, and, for that matter, 
of intense feelings in general, he was forgiving, magnani- 
mous, and just. Stern of will, he was genial in spirit, making 
him alike trusted and beloved. A shrewd man of the 
world; he carried his heart on his sleeve, leaving the politi- 
c.il daws, at their pleasure, to peck at it or to wonder at it, 
which last they generally were drawn to do. Ills perfect 
frankness and integrity, conjoined with his astuteness, w-as 
often indeed a marvel to those of his friends who had not 
yet penetrated, as he himself had, to the fruitful truth that 
a firm stand on these qualities lends inspiration to policy, 
and th.it, while the trickster needs surpassing resources of 
mind, and after all must fail in the long run, the address of 
the upright man is in the end invincible. Though it would 
not he well, if it were possible, to be honest because honesty 
is the best policy, jt is well to realize that honesty is the 
best po'icy, for it does no harm to honesty and infinite good 
to policy; and in this jioint of view the public career of 
Amos Robins shines furlh, in the apt words of one of his 
oldest and closest friends, as " a beacon light to all young 
men enterin,; on a political course." Their attention can- 
not be too frequently or too carefully directed towards it. 



OBINS, WRIGHT, of Metuchen, a Retired Mer- 
chant of great public spirit, brother to the subject 
of the preceding sketch, was born in the city of 
New York, November, 1823. His father, Nathan 
Robins, a native of New Jersey, was a sea-captain 
previously to the war of 1S12, when he abandoned 
the sea, and engaged, with his brother John, in the whole- 
sale dry-goods trade in New York city, the firm, J. & N. 
Robins, at 426 Pearl street, becoming one of the most ex- 
tensive in its day. His mother was Elizabeth Hassan, of 
Connecticut. In 1840 his father retired from active busi- 
ness, and took up his .abode in Metuchen, New Jersey, 
where he built a fine homestead, and died in November, 
1S59. The son laid the foundations of his education in the 
public schools of the city of New York, completing the edi- 
fice in the collegiate school at Poughkeepsie, New York, 
which he entered at the age of sixteen, and from which he 
graduated five years later. He then returned to New York 



city, and, having just pas ed his majorily, entereil as an 
active partner the establl^hnienl of his father and uncle, in 
wdiich relation he continued for about sixteen years, the 
entire charge of the nnniense business devolving on him 
for the last few years of this period, which was closed by 
the death of his uncle, the senior member of the firm ; 
whereupon, his father being also dead, he closed up the 
affairs of the house, and removed to the old homestead in 
Metuchen, New Jersey, where he has since resided, devot- 
ing his time and means to the development of the town, 
and now and then relieving the tension of his generous en- 
terprise by the delights of foreign travel. He takes his 
ease with dignity, sweetening it with a life of beneficence 
and charity. He was married, in 1855, to Delia Dally, 
County Longford, Ireland. 



TOKES, N. NEWLIN, M. D., was born near 
Moorestown, Hurliiinton county. New Jersey. 
W His parents, like himself, were n.;tives of New 
Ao-j Jersey, his mother, Nancy E. Stokes, having been 
^\\ born in the .same county as himself. His father, 
Nathaniel N. Stokes, was a farmer. The ances- 
tors of both were English Quakers, one of whom. Joseph 
Stokes, came to this country in William Peim's time, and 
settled as a farmer in the county above mentioned. The 
subject of this sketch was educated at the Quaker school in 
West-Town, Chester county, Pennsylvania. He liegan the 
study of medicine in 1851, with his uncle. Dr. John H. 
Stokes, of Moorestown, now deceased, a physician of excel- 
lent repute, who practised his profession at Moorestown for 
more than forty years. The nephew attended the regular 
course at the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, study- 
ing duringthe winter months in the office of Dr. Da Costa, of 
that city. Receiving his diploma in March, 1854, he im- 
mediately entered upon the practice at Moorestown in part- 
nership with his uncle, continuing in this relation until 
1869, when his uncle, on account of his lailing health, re- 
tired from practice, throwing the double burden on the 
shoulders of the nephew, which, however, proved broad 
enough and strong enough to carry it with ease and distin- 
guished success. Dr. Newlin Stokes is in fact one of 
the most esteemed and successfid physicians in the wide 
region of his practice. He is devoted to his profession, 
which, in return, has bestowed abundant favors upon him. 
He has been President of the Burlington County Medical 
Association, and has many times represented the county in 
the State Association.' He was also a delegate to the 
National Medical Convention that met in Philadelphia in 
June, 1S76. He is examining surgeon for a number of 
prominent life insurance companies, among which may be 
mentioned the Providence, John Hancock, and National. 
He was married in 1861 to Martha E. Stokes, of Strouds- 
burg, Pennsylvania. 



BIOGRArniCAL ENCVCLOP-EDIA. 



%]OBBINS, HON. GEORGE R., M. D., Physician 
and Member of Congress, late of Hamilton 
Sqnare, was born in Monmouth county, New 
, Jersey, September 241!), 180S. After a good 

(3^2. 1 literary education, having decided to follow the 
medical profession, he studied medicine under 
the direction of Dr. John McKelway, then a prominent 
pr-ictilioner of Trenton. His preliminary studies com- 
])lete(l, he m.-itriculated at the Jefferson Meilical College, 
Philadelphia, from which he was graduated at the conclusion 
of a full course. After graduation he opened an office in 
the village of Fallsington, Bucks county, Pennsylvania, 
where he practised for twelve months. In the spring of 
1S37 he removed to Hamilton Square, Mercer county. New 
Jersey, and there he lived engaged in active professional 
duties for nearly thirty-eight years. Upon the organization 
of the Mercer County District Medical Society in 1S4S, he 
became one of its members, and was chosen its Treasurer, 
a position he continued to fill with much acceptability. He 
always manifested a deep interest in public affairs, and in 
1854 received the nomination in the Second Congressional 
District of New Jersey; was elected, and gave such lively 
satisfaction to his constituents by his labors in the House of 
Representatives as to secure a re-election in 185S. Pro- 
fessionally, he was a successful man, his skill, care, ami 
many estimable qualities securing him a large and widely 
extended practice, with the confidence and affection of his 
patients. His death occurred February 22d, 1S75, and was 
regretted by a large circle which had benefited by his pro- 
fessional and public-spirited labors. 



«Y) AMSEY, JOHN, Brevet Major-General, was one 
/[■ of the many soldiers sent out from New Jersey to 
the late war, who, by gallantry in the field and 
marked ability in handling troops, rose to the 
rank of a general officer. Entering the service 
as First Lieutenant of Company G, 2d Regiment 
. — under the call for volunteers to serve for three months — 
the election of his Captain to the colonelcy of the regiment 
raised him to the rank of Captain, and in this capacity he 
served during the term of his enlistment. When the regi- 
ment was withdrawn. Captain Ramsey recruited a company 
for the three years term, was commissioned Captain, and 
w.is attached to the 5th Regiment. The 5th — as was the 
cise with almost all of the New Jersey regiments — was 
en.;aged in active service during the entire war, and Cap- 
t lin Ramsey had ample opportunity for displaying his 
soldiei'y qualities. In May, 1862, for "distinguished gal- 
Ivntry at Williamsburg," he received his commission as 
Mijiir, and on the 21st of the following October he was 
innile Lieutenant-Colonel. The colonelcy of the 8th Regi- 
ment falling vacant in April, 1863, he was raised to that 
position; and in December, 1S64, w.as brevetted Brigadier- 



General. In April, 1S65, he received the further promotion 
of Brevet Major-General, and two months later, the war 
ended, he was mustered out of the service. General Ram- 
sey saw his first active service under McClellan on the 
Peninsula, taking part in the various battles of that cam- 
paign, and participating in the siege of Yorktown and in 
the memorable change of base. In the second Bull Run, 
and in the battles of Bristow, Chantilly, McLean's Ford, 
Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, the Wilder- 
ness and Petersburg — not to mention a dozen or more of 
less important engagements — he bore a distinguished part, 
being thrice wounded and on several occasions honorably 
mentioned in official reports. As a commander he united, 
in a remarkable degree, prudence and dashing bravery; 
and this combination of soldierly qualities secured him the 
confidence of his men and made him a rarely successful 
officer. 



ETSON, JOHNSON, Merchant and Manufacturer, 
of New Brunswick, New Jersey, was born in that 
place, December 8th, 1806. Me is the son of 
Thomas and Ann Letson, both of whom were 
natives of New Jersey, the former having been 
born at the Raritan Landing, October I2th, 1763, 
the latter at Piscataway, in 1774. The father, while yet a 
young man, removed to New Brunswick, in which he es- 
tablished the leather manufacturing business, pursuing it 
until about 1832, when he retired to his farm at Three Mile 
Run, where he resided till his death. May 13th, 1S51. The 
mother died in New Brunswick, October, 1856, at the 
house of her son, the subject of this sketch. Young John- 
son was educated in New Brunswick, closing his education 
at the grammar school auxiliaiy to Rutgers College, in the 
main building of which it was then held, under the Rev. 
John Mabon, D. D. His education, though not polite, was 
solid, like the underetanding it trained, and afforded, on the 
whole, a fair preparation for the long and active and useful 
life before him. When about the age of fourteen, he went 
to New York as clerk in a hardware store, and remained 
there in that capacity for some three years, after which he 
returned to New Brunswick, where he served in the same 
capacity until 1827, when he again went to New York, en- 
gaging this time in the book business, which he pursued 
for about two years, and then sold out, returning once more 
to his native city. The needle in his life's compass now 
began to rest; and, seeing his' way clearly, he followed it 
henceforward steadily. In March, 1830, he started the 
hardware business in Burnet street. New Brunswick, and 
prosecuted it there till 1855, a quarter of a century, when, 
content with his large success, and preferring perhaps a 
more retired and quiet life, he disposed of all his interests 
in it, and has since devoted himself mainly to the discharge 
of his duties as an officer of various corporations, conspicu- 
ously the duties devolving on him as President of the New 



BIOGRAPHICAL 

Bnm^wick Rubber Company, an ofifice which he has held 
since the organization of the company in 1S50. In con- 
junction with several other gentlemen he organized, in 1863, 
the Norfolk and New Brunswick Hosiery Company, of 
which he was then made one of the Directors, a position he 
has ever since held. On the organization of the National 
Bank of New Jersey, he was chosen a Director, and has re- 
mained one to the present time. He was also chosen a 
Director of the Willow Grove Cemetery Association on its 
organization, and, after serving a numlier of years in that 
capacity, was elected its President, which he continues to 
be. There would seem to be no relief for him when he 
has accepted an office at the hands of a C(jrporation. Such 
is the sense of his business capacity and of his general trust- 
worthiness, thai, if he serves once, he has no chi>ice but to 
serve ever. Corporations never die, and they will not let 
him resign. Glorious servitude, in which the fetters are 
forged of honor, and fastened by esteem ! Mr. Letson has 
never taken an active part in politics, although long ago he 
served as a memlier of the City Council for several years, 
and was alw-ays identified with tlie Whig parly before it 
dissolved, as he has been with the Republican party since. 
He is indeed as little of a politician as is consistent with 
good citizenship, his catholic tastes and his broad feelinos 
chafing against the limitations set up by political organiza- 
tions. In September, 1830, he was married to Eliza L., 
daughter of Cornelius and Eliza W. Shaddu, of the city of 
New York. 



|AIL, BENJAMIN A., Lawyer, of Rahway, was 
born near Rahway, Middlesex county. New Jer- 
sey, .<\ugust isth, 1844. His father, too, Benjamin 
F. Vail, was a native of New Jersey, as also his 
mother, who was a Miss Martha C. Parker. His 
education was begun in West-Town, Chester 
county, Pennsylvania, and finished at Haverford College, in 
the adjoining county, from which institution he graduated 
in the cl.iss of 1865. Entering the law office of Parker & 
Keasby, Newark, he studied the requisite term, attending 
during the winter of 1867-68 the Columbia Law School in 
New Voik city, and was licensed as attorney in November, 
1868, and as counsellor in 1S71. He began the practice 
at Rahway, where he has since pursued it, achieving a 
proud success, and establishing himself, both as a man and 
a lawyer, in the confidence of the community. He served 
as a member of the Rahway Common Council during 1S70 
and 1S71. In the fall of 1S75 he was elected to the As- 
sembly on the Republican ticket. He is a Director of the 
Rahway Savings Bank, and Counsel for the Rahway Rail- 
road, in which he is also a Director, and of which he was 
one of the projectors. He is an honorary member of the 
New Jersey Historical Society. He is a rising man, and 
bids fair to rise high enough to make his mark among the 
loftiest names of the State. 



17 



ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 

(U^f SZARD, JACOB, M. D., of GlassI,orough, was born 
oij 4 in Glassborough, Gloucester county. New Jersey, 
C$^Jj M-^y 23'I. 1S29. His father. Rev. Joseph Iszard, 
'^fy^ an Episcopal minister, was also a native of GIou- 
3 K cester county, in which he preached for many 
years. His mother was Mary Swope, d.-iuglilt-r 
of Mr. John Swope, of Squankum, now called Williams- 
town. He was educated at home and at the Penninglon 
Seminary, both excellent seals of learning, and lurnini» out 
in his case, as in that of so many others, jointly or sepa- 
rately, a thoroughly educated man. When about the age of 
twenty-one, he engaged in teaching school at M.alaga, in 
Gloucester county, where he continued in this pursuit for 
some nine months, when he transferred the sphere of his 
calling to Bowenstown, a few miles below Bridgeton, re- 
maining there for three winters. He next taught one sea- 
son at Swedesborough, and then removed to Clarksborough, 
te.aching in that place, as Principal of the village academv, 
for about four years and a half. Leaving Clarksborough, 
he returned to Glassborough, in which he .served as Princi- 
pal of the public schools, until the summer of 186S, when 
he decided -to become a homojopathic physician, and ac- 
cordingly entered the office of Dr. D. R. Gardner, of 
Woodbury, New Jersey, with whom he prosecuted his 
studies for two years, attending meanwhile the regular 
course at the Hahnemann Medical College, from which he 
graduated in the spring of 1S70. He at once opened an 
office in Glassborough, where he has since resided, piac- 
tising with notable success. His independence of charac- 
ter, combined with his conservative instincts, his inlelleci- 
ual training, and his varied experience, renders him a boM 
and at the same time a safe practitioner. His high mcriis 
are widely recognized. Immediately after graduating, he 
connected himself with the Homoeopathic Medical Society 
of West Jersey, and has always taken an active part in its 
transactions, serving in 1875 as its President, and being at 
present the Chairman of its Bureau of Practice. He was 
married in 1854 to Eliza, daughter of Mr. Solomon H, 
Stanger, a well-known citizen of Gl.assborough, the family 
having been among the original settlers of the town. 



ARNES, ORSON, M, D., late of Paterson, was 
born in Baldwinsville, Onondaga county. New 
^'ork. in the year 1S30. His early education 
was obtained in his native place at a private 
school conducted by Professor Stihvell. C)n 
leaving this establishment he completed a course 
-ftf study at the .Syracuse Academy. With his mind thus 
LirefuUy trained, he took up medical reading in 1S4S, 
under the superintendence of Dr. J. V. Kendall ; subse- 
quently becoming a pupil of Dr. D. T. Jones, a physi- 
cian of celebrity in western New York. He matriculated 
at the Albany Medical College, took three full courses of 



2l8 



BIOGRAPHICAL EXCVCLOP.EDIA. 



lectures, and graduated tliercfvum in 1S54. Tliereupnn he 
n^ade an extensive lour thioui^h ilie WOlcrn States, at the 
conclusion of which he retunietl to liis native State, and 
began the practice of his profession at Succa Falls. About 
two years later he was persuaded to remove to Athens, 
Pennsylvania, where he built up a large practice. In Sep- 
tember, 1861, he married the daughter of Charles Daufuith, 
of Paterson, New Jersey, and two years subsequently, after 
the death of that lady's brother. Captain Charles Danforih, 
removed to Paterson, where he gradually worked logetiier 
a large and lucrative practice. Thoroughly devoted to his 
profession and the interests of his patients, he won for him- 
self a high reputation among his brethren and the fiilksi 
confidence of those who experienced his ministrations. Ills 
characteristics as a practitioner were rapid analysis, read) 
judgment, and prompt and decided action. Courageuu-- 
and hopeful himself, his firm tread and self-reliant air :ii- 
spired hope when despair was rapidly settling down upon 
the mind of his patient, while his ready sympathy incited 
the warmest attachments between himself and his patients. 
A man of fine natural abilities, i f commanding presence, 
pleasing address, and a good conversationalist, he was wel- 
comed and at home in any society. By nature he was a 
politician. While never seeking political preferment, he 
was deeply interested in every contest, national. State and 
municipal, and exercised considerable influence over the 
result in his neighborhood. In December, 1S74, he was 
prostrated by an attack of pneumonia. From this he made 
a good recovery, but exposing himself too early by a return 
to professional labors, he brought on acute rheumatism, 
which resulted in disease of the heart and general dropsy. 
Death released him from great suffering, July 23d, 1875. 
The esteem in which he was held was manifested in the 
Iriliutes of respect paid his memory by his numerous 
friends and professional brethren. 



'MITII, WILLIAM A., M. D., of Newark, was 
born, March 30th, 1820, in tluilford, Chenango 
county, New York. His parents were natives of 
Connecticut, and removed to Chenango county in 
1S04, when it was a wilderness. His father, 
Samuel A. Smith, was a farmer, although at 
various limes he filled positions of honor and trust, having 
been for several terms Sheriff of Chenango county, and 
having also represented the county in the Legislature. He 
died at Guilford, in the eighty fourth year of his age. The 
mother was Wealthy Phelps, of Colebrook, Connecticut. 
After a thorough preparatory course in the academy of his 
native town, the son entered Geneva College, where he 
finished his literary education, and in the spring of 1847 
graduated from the medical department of the same institu- 
tion, at that period one of the best medical schools in the 



State, having .omong its faculty Professor F. H. Hamilton, 
late of Bellevue, New York, who filled the chair of surgery, 
and Professor Webster, the well-known anatomist. Settling 
himself at Sidney Plains, Delaware county. New York, he 
was actively and successfully engaged in his profession 
there for five years, when he removed to Norwich, the 
county-seat of Chenango, where he acquired an extensive 
practice, which he was pursuing at the outbreak of the 
rebellion, in l86i. In this emergency he promptly ten- 
dered his services to the government, and was assigned to 
duly as Assistant Surgeon of the 89th Regiment New York 
Yolunleers, raised under the auspices of the Hon. Daniel .S. 
Dickerson, though he was soon promoted to a full Sur- 
•_;eoncy and put in charge of the 103d New York Regiment, 
i\iih which he did active and efficient service. On May 
31I, 1863, while on duty with the regiment, then stationed 
It Suffolk, Virginia, he was very severely and almost fatally 
wounded, the ball entering just below the heart and coming 
out at the spinal column, between the hips. In the follow- 
ing autumn, believing himself totally unfitted for further 
service, he resigned his commission and returned home ; 
but in January, 1S64, having sufficiently recovered, he again 
took the field, and was appointed Surgeon of the 47th New 
York Regiment, then stationed at Hilton Head. Here he 
remained only a short time, when he was ordered to Jack- 
sonville, Florida, to assume charge of the hospital there, 
which he soon reorganized and put in effective order. This 
was just previous to the battle of Olustee, in which the 
Union troops were fearfully slaughtered, and 1,500 of the 
wounded came under his immediate care at Jacksonville. 
He continued on duty at this place until July, 1864, when 
he came up to the Savannah river, and was ordered to 
superintend, on behalf of the government, the exchange of 
prisoners held in that vicinity. In this line of duty he was 
engaged at various places, having meanwhile charge of the 
f General Prison Hospital at Newport News until his ap- 
pointment as Health Officer for Norfolk, Virginia, in which 
capacity he rendered valuable service till September, 1865, 
when, the war being over, he was ordered to his regiment. 
It) be mustered out of service with his comrades. Returning 
with a shattered constitution from the field in which he had 
served his country so faithfully and heroically, he took up 
his residence in Newaik, New Jersey, intending, on account 
of his health, to engage in an office practice only ; but, in 
spite of himself, he was soon called into active professional 
duly, on the full tide of wdiich he is now fairly launched, 
ranking, by common consent, among the leading practi- 
tioners of that city. He is a member of the New Jersey 
Academy of Medicine, .as also of the Essex County Medical 
Union, and during his term of practice in his native county 
in New York he was honored with the Presidency of the 
medical society of the county. He is a staunch Republican 
in politics, with the practical side of which he has not been 
wholly unconnected, having been chosen in 1S68 to repre- 
sent the Eighth Ward in the City Council, revolulionizing 




S',%vrl)^^lVvvfeV- 



r.IOGRArillCAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 



2ig 



at the same time the politico of the %vnr<l, which previousiy 
had always chosen a Democratic councilman. In 1S75 he 
■was again chosen to fill the same position, which he now 
holds. He was married, August 30th, 1847, to Elizabeth 
Wade, of Guilford, New York, who is still living. Two 
children are the fruits of the union. 



i,RUBB, GENERAL E. EURD, Soldier and Iron- 
^[aster, of Beverly, was born, November I3lh, 
1841, in the city of Burlington, and is ilie son 
of the late Edward Burd and Euphemia B. 
(Parker) Grubb. His father w-as a native of 
Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, an extensive 
miner of iron ores and manufacturer of pig-iron, who died, 
August 27th, 1867, at Burlington, where he had passed 
many years of his life; and his mother was also a Pennsyl- 
vanian by birth, the daughter of Isaac B. Parker, of Carlisle. 
General Grubb received his preliminaiy education in the 
grammar school of his native city, which he entered in 
1851, where he remained several years, and then matricu- 
lated in the college, from which he graduated with the first 
honor in i860. In April, 1861, the great rebellion broke 
ont, and after the three months' men had been mustered 
into service. President Lincoln, on May 3d, !86r, called for 
three years' men, or during the war, of which New Jersey 
was to furnish three regiments. During the same month 
General Grubb entered the service as Second Lieutenant 
of Company C, 3d Regiment, and went into camp at Camp 
Olden, near Trenton. On June 2Slh, 1861, the three regi- 
ments left Trenton, .and reported to General Scott, at 
Washington, the next d.ay. In the following month of July 
the 3d Regiment formed one of the reserve regiments wliich 
moved forward with the army to participate in the battle of 
(first) Bull Run; and on July I7lh its colonel, George W. 
Taylor, was ordered to marcli to a point on the Orange & 
Alexandria Railroad, which was being repaired. On the 
2ist of the same month, in conjunction with other regi- 
ments, the 3d was forwarded to Centreville, in obedience 
to orders from General McDowell. By this time, however, 
the battle of Bull Run had been fought and lost, and no 
further advance of the 3d was necessary than to Fairfax, 
which they had reached. Shortly after, the 4th New Jersey 
Regiment was added to the other three regiments, and the 
whole force, constituting the First Brigade, was placed 
under the command of Brigadier-General Philip Kearny, 
who lost no time in thoroughly drilling and moulding his 
command, bringing it forward as few others in the army at 
that time had done, and made it renowned for its most 
perfect discipline and suited to all the requirements of the 
service. On August 29th the 3d Regiment, while recon- 
noitring near Cloud's Mills, fell into an ambuscade of the 
enemy's pickets, and lost two men. During the fall and 
winter months the brigade was m.ainly occupied in drill and 



ordinary camp du'ies, General McClellan, the Comninnder- 
in-Chief, being ever preparing lo move, but ever halting. 
He had succeeded in inducing President Lincoln to sus- 
pend the order for an advance on or before February 22d, 
1862, anil to change all his plans for taking Richmond. 
Meanwhile General Kearny, who had been ordered, March 
7th, to advance to Burke's Station, on the Orange & Alex- 
andria Railroad, for the purpose of guarding the laborers, 
discovered that the enemy were about to-evacuate Manasses; 
and without orders he took the initiative, and on the gtb, 
after a skirmish with the enemy, entered the abandoned 
works of the enemy at Manasses, the 3d Regiment being 
the fir^t to take possession and hoist the regimental fl.ng, and 
an immense amount of stores was caplured, besides a num- 
ber of rebel cavalry. About this time Lieutenant Grubb 
had been promoted to a First Lieutenancy and assigned lo 
Company D, of the .same regiment. Early in April the 
brigade was attached to the First Division of the First Army 
Corps, and moved to a point on the Orange & Alexandria 
Railroad, to eng.age the attention of the enemy while Mc- 
Clellan transferred the main body of his army, by Iransporls, 
to the peninsula. It subsequently returned to Alexandria, 
and embarked, April 17th, for the mouih of York river, the 
new^ place of rendezvous. At this time, Cieneral Kearny 
having been assigned to the command of a division. Colonel 
Taylor, of the 3d Regiment, was placed in command of the 
brigade. Lieutenant Grubb was assigned to duty on Colonel 
Taylor's staff, where he remained until the death of th-t 
ofiicer. On M.ay 4th the rebels evacuated Yorktown, and 
Ihe next day the New Jersey brigade were advanced to 
meet the rebels, and successfully held them in check, and 
on the 15th joined McClellan's army, near the White House, 
,-nd thence advanced to the Chickahominy. During the 
liattles of Hanover Court House, Fair Oaks and Gaines' 
Mills they were engaged in picket duty, lad on June 27lh, 
the day the battle of Gaines' Mills was fought, they arrived 
in time to take part and greatly relieve the Union forces, 
which had been sorely pressed by the enemy; succeeding 
in successfully repulsing three repealed charges of the 
rebels. Nevertheless, the day was lost, and the New Jersey 
brigade, which numbered 2,800 men when they went into 
the fight, had left but 965 to answer the roll-call. The 
remnant of the brigade was withdrawn to the woods, 
where, after a brief rest, it was marched towards Savage 
Station and Harrison's Landing, pausing to share in the 
battle of Malvern Hill. After passing through White Oak 
swamp and across White Oak creek the command had 
halted for dinner, when the rebels advanced from out the 
woods, and with six pieces of artillery commenced a galling 
fire. The position of the Jersey troops was at this time a 
perilous one, being directly between the fire of the rebels 
and the main body of our forces. The Jerseymen were 
quickly formed into line of battle, and General Taylor im- 
mediately sent Lieutenant Grubb up the road (o General 
Slocum's head-quarters for orders. The road which he was 



BIOGRAPHICAL EXCVCLOr.EDIA. 



compelled to take was directly in the range of the rebel 
batteries, and the ride ■was consequently a most perilous 
one; but he dashed on, reaching his destination safely. 
Not finding General Slocum, he was compelled to return ; 
but orders being imperatively necessary, he was nyain 
obliged to repeat his ride through that rain of shot and 
shell. With death staring him in the face at every bound of 
his horse, the gallant aide again went back, and this time suc- 
ceeded in getting orders. The battle was an artillei-y one, 
the fire passing over (he Jersey troops, who lay flat on tlieir 
f.ices. Afler reaching Harrison's Landing, July 1st, Gen- 
eral McClellan was ordered, on July 3(1, to withdraw his 
forces to Acquia creek, but he did not obey the order for a 
week; and General Lee, of the rebels, t iking advnntage of 
the delay, pressed the Union forces heavily. The Jersey 
brigade did not embark from the peninsula until July 20th, 
and landed at Alexandria on the 24th, marching to Cloud's 
Mills, where it remained until the 26th. The next day it 
went by rail to Bull Run bridge and encountered the enemy; 
and General Taylor, without either cavalry or artillery to 
support him, had to bear the brunt of the battle, and that, 
too, under a scorching, torrid sun. He was, however, only 
obeying orders transmitted to him, and he was as far as 
possible nobly sustained by his men ; but the d.iy was again 
lost by the Union forces, and here General Tiylor was 
wounded and eventually died. Speaking nf the valor dis- 
played by the Jersey troops, Stonewall Jackson said he had 
rarely seen a body of men who stood up so gallantly in the 
face of overwhelming odds as General Taylor's command. 
After the battle in which General Kearny was killed and 
Jackson repulsed. General Pope withdrew the army to their 
entrenchments on the south bank of the Potomac, the First 
Brigade resuming its old position at Camp Seminary. Here 
Colojiel Torbert succeeded General Taylor, and Lieutenant 
Grubb, who had escaped all dangers, though continually 
exposed, was assigned to a position on his staff, having pre- 
viously refused a promotion as Captain of Company B. Sub- 
sequently, in the operations against the enemy, Torbert's 
Tersey brigade covered themselves with glory in the great 
charge at Crampton's Pass of the South Mountain, Mary- 
land, where they annihilated Cobb's Legion and drove the 
rebels from their defences, capturing the position, Septem- 
ber 14th, 1862. The enemy lost 15,000 men, and Lee re- 
crossed the Potomac, leaving his dead on the field. The 
First Brigade remained in Maiyland until October 2d, and 
then returned into Virginia, where it was inactive until 
f rdered to take part in the movement against Fredericks- 
burg. The 15th and 23d Regiments were now added to 
the other regiments composing the First Brigade, and on 
November 24th, 1862, Lieutenant Grubb was promoted to 
Major of the latter regiment, to fill a vacancy, and on the 
26th of the following month was again promoted to the 
Lieutenant-Colonelcy of the same. Meanwhile, on the 
12th of December, the brigade crossed the river to take 
part in the battle of Fredericksburg, and after various 



manoeuvres gained an important position, but being unsup- 
ported was compelled to withdraw. After the termination 
of the conflict the brigade covered the falling back of the 
Union forces, being the last to leave the field on the left of 
the lines. Colonel Torbert, in his official report, states 
that " Major Grubb of the 23d deserves great credit for 
the manner in which he fought a part of his regiment." 
Another authority says that " it was due to him that the 
right of the regiment, when thrown into confusion by the 
terrible fire to which it was subjected, was rallied and led 
into the thickest of the combat at Fredericksburg." After 
rem.iinnig in winter quarters for four months, partially re- 
cruiting their strength, the command was engaged in the 
battle of Chancellorsville. And here the same writer, speak- 
ing of Colonel Grubb, states that " always at the head of 
his regiment, mounted until his horse was shot from under 
him, then on foot, still animating the men and leading them 
on — himself the farthest in the front and the last to leave 
the field — seeming to bear a charmed life, he moved from 
point to point, calm and cool, the men nerved to daring by 
his example, until further exertion no longer availed." The 
23d Regiment was one of the last to leave the field after the 
main forces had withdrawn. Afterwards the regiment went 
into camp at White Oak Church, and as the time for which 
ihey had enlisted was about drawing to a close, and they 
were in hourly expectation of receiving orders to march to 
Washington, they received orders to again cross the Rappa- 
hannock. A mutiny had almost broken out in the regiment, 
when Colonel Grubb addressed them, at evening parade, so 
forcibly that they reconsidered their action, and said they 
would go. The following day, June 4th, 1863, they marched 
and reached the river, which, having crossed, in the course 
of a single night they threw up a breastwork in front of the 
city and heights of Fredericksburg, upon which the enemy 
opened fire, but without inflicting any loss. Each day the 
works were strengthened, and finally orders were received 
to march for home. Having reached Beverly, New Jersey, 
a short delay ensued before the men could finally be mus- 
tered out. Late in June, however, Lee advanced into 
Pennsylvania, and Harrisburg was threatened. When Gov- 
ernor Parker's proclamation was issued, less than half of 
the 23d Regiment was in camp. Colonel Grubb, after 
assembling the men, asked all who would follow him to the 
assistance of a sister Stale to step forward, when the entire 
force volunteered. The regiment was received with hearty 
cheers in Philadelphia, but after reaching Harrisburg, 
whither they had been carried by rail, they found no ex- 
citement there ; moreover, were very coolly received — and 
they the first regimental organization to reach the city. 
They were at once set to throw up rifle pits on the banks 
of the Susquehanna, and from the Colonel down they 
worked with a will ; but before the labor was completed 
they were recalled to Beverly, and on June 27th were dis- 
banded. Colonel Grubb was the most popular officer of the 
regiment; while being a strict disciplinarian, he still man- 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCtOP.EDIA. 



ajed to so ingratiate Iiimself in the affections of his com- 
mand that duty soon became with all a work of love, and 
he never asked his men to face any dangers which he was 
unwilling to share. In July, 1S63, he was commissioned 
by the Governor to take command of the camp at Beverly, 
where he recruited and sent to the front the 34th Regiment. 
By Governor Parker's request he raised, and once more re- 
turned to active service with, the 37th Regiment ; this was to 
be for one hundred days, but they were in the field for a longer 
period. They left Trenton, June 28th, 1864, and after 
reaching City Point, where they reported to General Grant, 
were ordered by him to report to General Butler, at Ber- 
muda Hundred. Landing at the Point of Rocks, July ist, 
they were assigned to various duties, including picket and 
garrison duties. On August zSth they marched to the 
extreme front of Petersburg, where they did duty in the 
trenches until their term of service had nearly expired, and 
on September 25th they were highly complimented in gen- 
eral orders, by Major-General Birney, as being unexcep- 
tionably a superior regiment of " hundred days men." On 
March sth, 1S65, Colonel Grubb was made Brevet Brigadier- 
General of Volunteers, for meritorious service before Peters- 
burg. On his return to civil life he settled down in his 
native city of Burlington, where he resided until about 
1S73. He became a member of the Common Council, and 
was President of that body for two years. He also was 
chosen a Trustee of St. Mary's Hall, and also of Burlington 
College. By his prudent management, aided by R. S. Con- 
over, of Princeton, the last-named institution is in a flourish- 
ing condition. On the death of his father, in 1867, General 
Grubb was called upon to assume the charge of immense 
iron interests in Pennsylvania, which his father had for- 
merly controlled. Among these are some of the most im- 
portant pig-iron furnaces in Dauphin, Lancaster and Leba- 
non counties. Among his numerous interests are the famous 
Cornwall ore banks of Lancaster county, which at one time 
were owned by the family exclusively; a portion of these, 
however, they disposed of: their title to these lands was 
received direct from William Penn. He has travelled ex- 
tensively through the old world, and his wife was the first 
white woman who passed through the entire length of the 
Suez canal, the trip being made in company with her hus- 
band on Baron Lesseps' steam yacht, he having letters of 
introduction to that celebrated engineer. On his return to 
the United States, General Grubb wrote an account of his 
voyage, which was published in Lippincott's Magazine, and 
extensively copied. Socially, he holds a high position, and 
is a member of the Philadelphia Club, the Reform Club, 
the New York Yacht Club, and has taken two of the Ben- 
nett prize cups. He has ever been an active member of 
the Republican party, and takes great interest in all matters 
pertaining to the welfare of the community among whom 
his lot is cast. Some three years since he removed to 
Beverly, where he resides in a most delightfully situated 
country-seat, with a park of twelve acres, handsomely laid 



out and fronting the river. He was married, in iSf.S, to 
Elizabeth \Vad>.worlh, daughter of Rev. Courllandt Van 
Rensselaer, an eminent Presbyterian clergyman, of Albany, 
New York. 



MLEY, HON. OLIVER HAZARD PERRY, 
President of the Mount Holly National Bank, 
was born. May 23d, 1S14, in New Hanover 
township, Burlington county. New Jersey, and 
is a son of the late Hon. John and Beulah 
(Warren) Emley, both of whom were also 
natives of the same State. His father was a member of 
the lower house of the Legislature from 1831 to 1840, and 
during his last two years of service in that body was elected 
Speaker of the same. He died in 1855, on the old home- 
stead, which has now been in the possession of the family 
for two hundred years; and during that entire time has 
never been conveyed in any other way than by the last will 
and testament of the then owner. Oliver received his edu- 
cation at the district school of his native township, attending 
the same until fifteen years old, and subsequently assisted 
his father on the farm ; indeed, he has been constantly de- 
voted all his life to agricultural pursuits. His political 
creed was first that of the Whig school ; and after the dis- 
integration of that organization he affiliated with the na- 
tional Republicans. He has always taken an active part 
in political matters, but never sought office. In 1848, how- 
ever, he was appointed, by the Legislature, Judge of the 
Court of Common Pleas for Burlington County, which 
position he held for five years. He was also selected by 
Chancellor William Pennington a Master in Chancery, and 
has also had the Settlement of many estates. He had filled 
the post of Director of the Mount Holly Bank for some ten 
years prior to his election as President, in March, 1S75, to 
fill the vacancy occasioned by the death of Thomas D. 
Armstrong. He is also a Director of the Mercer County 
Insurance Company. He was married, in 1851, to Achsah 
Swaim, of New Jersey. 



JOFFMAN, JAMES P., Merchant, of Clinton, was 
born, December nth, 181 1, m Lebanon, Hunter- 
don county, New Jersey. After attending the 
common schools for the usual time he began the 
business of life at the .age of fifteen, as a clerk 
for Oscar Pillette, in Allamuchy, Warren county, 
from which he removed with his employer to Basking Ridge, 
Somerset county, where he served him in the same capacity. 
In 1830 he went to Clinton, entering the establishment of 
Bray & Taylor, extensively engaged in the grain and gen- 
eral mercantile trade at that place. Having graduated, so 
to speak, in his chosen line of business, he organized, in 
1839, the firm of J. P. Hoffman & Co., at the head of which 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 



he embarked at Clinton in the general country-store busi- 
ness, which he has conducted ever since, remaining chief 
through all the numerous changes of the junior partners, and 
making the firm one of the most prosperous and substantial 
of the kind, as it is the oldest, in Hunterdon county. He is 
a sagacious, energetic, thorough-going business man, noted 
for his honesty not less than his enterprise, and is held, it 
scarcely need be added, in high esteem by the community. 
He h.is been twice married ; the first time to Miss Syler, 
daughter of the late Peter Syler, who died several years 
ago ; and subsequently to Miss King, daughter of the late 
William King, of Piltstown, New Jersey. His eldest son 
is al|present associated with him in business. 



')ORIIEES, NATHANIEL W., was born at Mine 
Brook, Somerset county. New Jersey, June 29th, 
1829. He entered Rutgers College in 1844, 
gr.iduating with credit in 1847. Having read 
law in the office of the Hon. Richard S. Field, 
of Princeton, he was admitted to the bar in 1852. 
Instead, however, of entering upon the practice of his pro- 
fession, he accepted a position in the Princeton Bank, of 
which Mr. Field was at that time president. In lSs6 a 
banking company was organized at Clinton, New Jersey, 
and in this he was offered the position of cashier. Accept- 
inir the office he identified his own with the fortunes of the 
institution, and under his efficient management its financial 
success was of the most satisfactoiy character. In 1875, 
when the First National Bank of Clinton was founded, he 
was elected to the cashiership, a position that he still re- 
tains. Mr. Voorhees, belonging to a family that for m.any 
years has been prominent in the public affairs of New Jer- 
sey, early gave a considerable portion of his attention to 
politics, and had he been so minded he could on several 
occasions have received high offices in the State govern- 
ment. In i860 he was a delegate to the National Repub- 
lican Convention at Chicago, and in the convention — as well 
as during the subsequent civil war — was an earnest sup- 
porter of Mr. Lincoln. In 1862 he was elected a member 
of the State Republican Executive Committee, a position 
that he held for several successive years. In 1873, a va- 
cancy occurring on the bench of the Court of Common Pleas 
of Hunterdon county, he was appointed Judge for the unex- 
pired portion of the term, filling the position so satisfactorily 
that he was offered the appointment for the succeeding full 
term ; this, however, he declined. In 1874 he was urged by 
his personal and political friends to permit his name to be pre- 
sented as a candidate for the .State Treasurership, a position 
for which he w.as especially fitted by the natural bent of his 
mind and by his extended training as a financier; but the 
nomination was lost to him by a single vote, and was gained 
by the then incumbent, the Hon. Josephus Sooy. In 1875 
Mr. Voorhees was, without his knowledge, named as a can- 



did.-ite for the office of Secretary of the New Jersey Senate, 
and upon the assembling of that body was elected to the 
office. He was again elected in the succeeding year. Oc- 
cupying so prominent a position in the political affairs of 
the commonwealth, so heartily respected by the community 
in which he is best known, and so generally regarded as a 
financier of exceptional ability, Mr. Voorhees, as has been 
already said, could without difficulty comm.and so large a 
share of the popular vote as to assure his election to almost 
any State office, or to a position in the national government. 
That he has persistently refused to put himself in the way 
of such preferment can only be accounted for on the ground 
that he possesses much more than the average amount of 
modesty. He was married, November 1st, 1S54, to Naomi, 
daughter of Samuel Leigh, Esq., of Clinton. 



\X\VELL, HON. JOHN PATERSON BRYANT, 
Lawyer, Journalist and Congressman, late of Bel- 
videre, was born at F'lemington, New Jersey, Sep- 
tember 3d, 1S04. He was the son of Hon. 
George C. Maxwell, who was for some time a 
representative in Congress from New Jersey. His 
ancestor, Anthony Maxwell, came to this country from the 
north of Ireland in the early part of the last century, and 
settled in Hunterdon county. He had two sons : William, 
who at the commencement of the revolutionary war was a 
m.-ijor in the British army and stationed at Detroit ; in 
order to join the Continental forces he traversed the wilder- 
ness on foot, and was afterwards promoted to a generalship 
and died a bachelor some time after the war ; the other son, 
John, was married and left a large family ; during the war 
he raised a company in old Sussex county and continued to 
serve with his company until the close of hostilities. Sussex 
county was not remarkable for the loyalty of its inhabitants, 
and when he presented himself at the camp with his com- 
pany, it is said General Washington exclaimed in surprise : 
" What ! are there any Whigs in Sussex ? " He died at 
Flemington, at a good old age, about 1S25. George C. was 
his eldest son, and is believed to have lived and died at 
Flemington. He graduated at Nassau Hall in 1795, was 
licensed as attorney-at-law in 1797, as counsellor in 1 800, 
.and called as Serjeant in l8l6. He was married to Miss 
Brj'ant and died quite young, while a member of Congress. 
He left but two children, John P. B. and Anna Maria, the 
widow of William P. Robeson, deceased, and mother of the 
Secretary of the Navy. John P. B. graduated at Nassau 
Hall in 1-823, studied law with Chief Justice Homblower, 
and was admitted to the bar of New Jersey in May, 1827, 
as an attorney-at-law, and as a counsellor in 1S30, when 
he settled in the pr.actice of his profession at Belvidere, the 
county-seat of Warren county. He soon turned his atten- 
tion to politics, was for a time the editor and proprietor of 
the Belvidere Apollo, the Whig p.aper of the county. He 



BIOGRAP.ilCAL ENCYCLOr.EDIA. 



223 



was strong in his political beliefs, but courteous in all his 
dealings wilh his oppunents. In 1S3S he was a candidate 
of the Whig party for Congress, and was one of the mem- 
bers kept from what they claimed to be their seats by the 
famous " Broad Seal Controversy." In 1840 he was elected 
and took his place in the Congress that assembled in 1841, 
after the log caliin campaign which resulted in the over- 
whelming election of General Harrison and the Whig 
ticket generally. As a member of Congress he was more 
useful than showy. Ills great modesty and retiring habits 
kept him from making any attempts at display, but no one 
was more useful in the committee room than he was, and 
his career, though not particularly brilliant, was exceedingly 
honorable. In September, 1S34, he was married to Sarah 
Browne, a young lady of an old family in Philadelphia, to 
whom he was tenderly attached. Their union, however, 
was not destined to be of long duration. At the time of 
their marriage his bride was far gone in consumption, and 
survived but five weeks after the ceremony. The death of 
one in whom his life was so much wrapped up cast a 
shadow over all his future life and caused him to look for 
his chief happiness beyond this world. He was a member 
of the Presbyterian Church at Bclvidere, and one of its 
earnest supporters and most liberal contributors. In 1842 
he was elected a Trustee of the College of New Jersej', and 
died at Belvidere, November 14th, 1S45. 



|AN SVCKEL, BENNETT, Associate Justice of 
the Supreme Court of New Jersey, was born, 
April 17th, 1830, in Bethlehem, Hunterdon 
county, New Jersey. He is the thij-d son of the 
late Aaron Van Syckel. Prepared for college at 
Easton, Pennsylvania, he was matriculated at 
Princeton in 1843, entering the sophomore class and grad- 
uating in 1846, in the same class with his brother. Dr. S. 
Van .Syckel, of Clinton, and D. A. Depue, now one of the 
judges of the Supreme Court of New Jersey. Immediately 
after graduating he entered the law office of Alexander 
Wurts, of Flemmgton, in which he remained until he was 
admitted to the bar in 1 85 1, wh;n he at once began the 
practice of his profession at Flemington. His professional 
zeal and ability soon won for him a high reputation at the 
bar. A hard student, a close thinker, and a forcible 
speaker, his cases were prepared with thoroughness and 
presented with the best effect, a cause intrusted to him 
never failing to strike the court or jury with all the power 
of which the law and the facts admitted. Hisforeisic 
abilities are unquestionably of the first order. He pursued 
his profession at Flemington until 1869, when he was ap- 
pointed to a seat on the bench of the Supreme Court of the 
.State, a station to which he was reappointed in 1876, and 
which he now occupies, exemplifying in the discharge of 
his judicial duties, as formerly in his practice, that profound 



learning and spotless integrity which have made the ju- 
diti.uy of New Jersey kn.)wn and honored throughout tlie 
land. He was married in 1S57 to Miss Sloane, daughter of 
W. H. Sloane, of Flemington. 



EFFREV, OSCAR, Lawyer, of Washington, was 
burn, August 31st, 1S38, at Lockport, New York. 
His father, Joseph Jeffrey, a merchant of Lock- 
port, died when Oscar was an infant. His 
mother, whose maiden name was Adeline Baush, 
removed with him to Jersey City, New Jersey, 
where, some time after, she also died, leaving hijTi an 
orphan in his eleventh year. Soon afterwards he removed 
to Warren country, acquired there a good common-school 
education, and at the age of eighteen entered as clerk the 
store of Mr. Robert Blair, at Johnsonburg, in that county, in 
which he remained eight years, beginning me.anwhile, how- 
ever, the reading of law under the direction of David 
Thompson, of Newton. In 1S64 he became a student 
in Mr. Thompson's office, and in the same year w.as ad- 
mitted to the bar, receiving his license as counsellor two 
years later. In 1865 he established himself at Washington, 
Warren county, wdiere he now lives, and in which he has 
built up,' with rapidity, a large and increasing practice, ex- 
tending to all the couits of the State. His professional 
abilities and attainments and his unspotted and fearless in- 
tegrity are recognized wherever he is known. .Mihough 
still young he occupies a commanding position in his pro- 
fession, into which he has the satisfaction of reflecting that, 
under Providence, he has raised himself by his own efforts. 
In politics he is a Republican, and though not a thick-and- 
thin partisan, much less an office-seeker, throws himself 
with zeal into a political canvass. He is a member of the 
Methodist Episcopal Church and Recording Steward of the 
Quarterly Conference. The cause of religion has few 
workers more earnest or unslee|iing than he. Mr. 
Jeffrey was married in 1S72 to Emma L. Wild, of Pater- 
son, New Jersey. 



AN SVCKEL, SYLVESTER, M. D., of Clinton, 
was born, February 21st, 1826, in Union town- 
ship, Hunterdon county. New Jersey. He is the 
son of the late Aaron Van Syckel and Mary (Bird) 
Van Syckel, the family being originally of Hol- 
landish extraction. He was prepared for college 
at the academy of the Rev. John Vanderveer, at Easton, 
and entered Princeton in 1842. Graduating in 1S46, he 
entered the office of the celel)rated Dr. Valentine Mutt as a 
private pupil, at the same time attending lectures at the 
University of New York — the faculty of this institution then 
including Drs. Molt, Draper, Mathson, Bedford, Payne ami 
others scarcely less celebrated. In 1S49 he received his 



BIOGRAPHICAL EXCVCLOI'-EDIA. 



degree, and was appointed Assistant Thysician at Bellevue 
Hospital. At the end of six months he was made House 
Physician, and a little later was made House Surgeon. 
From Bellevue he was appointed by Governor Clark to be 
one of the Quarantine Hospital physicians, and in this ca- 
pacity served through the ship-fever epidemic of 1S50, an 
epidemic during the continuance of which Dr. Doane and 
several other of the medical attendants died at their work. 
Dr. Van Syckel himself, worn out by sickness and over 
exertion, was finally compelled to re>ign, ttnd for the re- 
establishment of his health moved to Clinton, New Jersey, 
where he soon acquired a large practice. Since 1851, 
when this change was made, he has become thoroughly 
identified with the town and its interests, and has for many 
yeai-s held a leading place among its physicians. During 
the civil war he was offered the position of Surgeon to the 
31st New Jersey Regiment, but sickness in his family com- 
pelled him to decline the proffered position. Appreciating 
his professional qualities, he has been appointed by several 
of the most prominent of the life insurance companies to 
guard their interests in the capacity of Examining Physician. 
He W.1S married, March 24th, 1853, to Mary E., daughter 
of John Carhart, of Clinton. 



'LLISON, MICHAEL E., Methodist Clergyman, 
of Washington, was born in 1S18 in Burlington 
county. New Jersey. His ancestors were of 
English descent, but at the period of his birth 
had resided iu New Jersey for several genera- 
tions. He was educated at Lawrenceville, Mer- 
cer county, and at the Methodist Seminary in Pennington, 
at which latter institution he taught for two years. In 1S42 
he was entered by the New Jersey Conference to preach, 
and began his ministration on the Parsippany and Fairfield 
circuit, after which he was stationed successively at Dover, 
Orange, Haverstraw, New York ; New Brunswick, Hobo- 
ken, the First Church at Paterson ; St. Paul's, Jersey City ; 
Clinton street, Newark; Trinity, Staten Island; St. Paul's, 
Newark— the largest church in that city— Simpson, Jersey 
City, and again at Hoboken. For four years he was Pie- 
siding Elder in Morristow^n District. In 1S73 he was sta- 
tioned at W.ashington, New Jersey, where he has since re- 
mained. He has been the Secretary of the Newark Con- 
ference for the last thirteen years. In 1857 he visited Eu- 
rope, travelling extensively in England, Ireland, Scotland, 
Germany and Italy, meanwhile enriching with his corre- 
spondence the columns of the Christian Advocate. He has 
been an unwearied and efficient worker in his church, 
which justly regards him as one of its ablest ministers. Of 
fine native abilities, well-trained intellectually, and rich in 
that divei-sified experience assured by the rules and methods 
of the church, and of which, as may be seen from this out- 
line of his ser\ ices, he has drunk to the full, he is among 



the best equipped and most effective preachers in the State. 
He was married in 1844 to Ann Whiltaker, only daughter 
of John Whittaker, of Trenton. 



ANN, PHILIP H., Banker, of Washington, was 
born in 1S19 in Mansfield township, Warren 
county. New Jersey. He was educated at 
Schooley's Mountain, and spent the early years 
of his manhood in agricultural pursuits. In 1854 
he was elected Surrogate of Warren county, hold- 
ing the position until 1859, w^hen he engaged in the general 
mercantile business in Washington, pursuing it for three 
years. In 1864 he was appointed one of the judges of the 
Court of Common Pleas for Warren County, an appointment 
renewed in 1869, holding the ofliice for ten years. In 1S65, 
in conjunction with S. T. Scranton, J. K. Swayze, William 
Shields, George W. Taylor, J. V. Matteson, W. Winter and 
others, he organized the First National Bank of Washing- 
ton, of which he was elected the first Cashier, a place he 
has filled ever since. The bank, as hajipens often in the 
case of capable and trusted cashiers, has been largely under 
his management, the ability and fidelity of which are suffi- 
ciently shown by the high character and prosperity of the 
institution. For a number of years he was a Director of the 
Phillipsburg Bank before its conversion into a national 
bank, and he has served several terms in the Belvidere and 
Washington Town Councils, and held many other positions 
of public trust. In politics he is a Democrat and a great 
favorite with his party, as indeed he is with his fellow- 
citizens in general. Intelligent, steadfast, just, sensible and 
genial, he is a man to win golden opinions from all classes 
of people. He was married in 1845 to Miss Dunham, 
daughter of the Rev. Johnson Dunham, of New York. 



ODGSON, WILMER, M. D., of Keyport, was 
bom in Columbia, Virginia. His father, Joseph 
Hodgson, a merchant of Columbia, was a native 
of Washington, District of Columbia. His 
mother was Anna Pannill, of Virginia. Receiv- 
ing his primary education in his native town, he 
entered Hampden Sidney College in 1858, in which he w-as 
pursuing his studies at the outbreak of the civil war in 1S61, 
when, like thousands of other young men in the South, he 
exchanged the academic text-book for the manual of arms 
and joined the Confederate army, serving with distinguished 
gallantly throughout the war. In 1S64 he began the study 
of medicine under Dr. F. B. Watkins, an eminent physician 
of Richmond, Virginia, and after attending a regular course 
of lectures at the Medical College in Richmond, went 
abroad, where he spent several months, industriously prose- 
cuting his studies. On his return he attended a course of 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.liDIA. 



225 



lectures at the College of Physicians and Surgeons of New 
York, and in 1867 began the practice of his profession in 
Keyport, Monmouth county, New Jersey, where he has 
since continued it, making it steadily larger and more lucra- 
tive. Few physicians of his age are so fully equipped by 
training and experience. In the natural course of things a 
professional career of usefulness and distinction undoubtedly 
awaits him. 



f,RICK, RILEY ALLEN, Manufacturer, was born 
in New York city, October 7th, 1837, his parents, 
of Welsh descent, being natives of Burlington 
county, New Jersey. Receiving his preliminary 
education in the schools of New York, he entered 
Harvard College, graduating in the class of 1858. 
Immediately upon graduating he succeeded to the business 
founded by his father in 1832, the manufacture of cast-iron 
pipes for water and gas, which he has since then success- 
fully carried on. The business also included the making 
and erection of gas works, and among the heaviest contracts 
that he has filled may be mentioned the building of the 
works of the Central and Suburban Gaslight Companies of 
New York. In the latter, as well as in the People's Gas- 
light Company, of Albany, New York, he has been for a 
number of years a Director, and has been associated in the 
same capacity with the Merchants' Exchange National Bank, 
of New York. For more than two years he was upon the 
direction of the New Jersey Southern Railroad Company, 
being at the same time Secretary of that corporation. For 
many years he has been prominently connected with various 
religious and benevolent associations, and is now a Trustee 
of St. Luke's Hospital Association, of the New York Bible 
Society, and a Director of the Young Men's Christian .Asso- 
ciation of New York. In 1866, associated with Mr. 
Robert Campbell, of New York city, he founded the town 
of Bricksburg, in Ocean county. New Jersey, and has de- 
voted a great portion of his energy and no small part of his 
wealth to its establishment and development. The town 
now numbers upwards of one thousand inhabitants, and its 
flourishing condition is the best testimonial to the liberality, 
foresight and business ability of its founder. He was mar- 
ried, January loth, 1861, to Anna Stone, daughter of Charles 
II. Brown, Esq., of Boston, Massachusetts. 



I IHLLIPS, WILLIAM W. L., A. M., M. D., Physi- 
cian, of Trenton, was born in Laurence township, 
Mercer county. New Jersey, February 19th, 1829. 
His father, George Phillips, was a native of the 
same place and carried on farming there, while it 
had been the family residence for many years. 
His mother, Al)igad Ketcham, came from Mercer county, 
having been born at Pennington. After obtaining a good 
29 



preparatory training at a private school, William entered 
Princeton College in 1845. He pursued the three years' 
course, and graduated in 1848, and received the degrees of 
A. B. and A. M. in due course. His tastes leading him to 
the medical profession he began his studies with a view to its 
adoption under the direction of Dr. John McKelway, of 
Trenton, who still lives at the advanced age of eighty nine 
years. He m.atriculated at Jefferson College in 1848, and 
graduated in the spring of 1S51. On receiving his diploma 
he settled at Trenton and commenced practice, which he 
continued with encouraging success until the fall of 1862, 
when he felt his services were needed in support of the 
national cause, and he entered the army as Surgeon of the 
1st New Jersey Cavalry. From this time until 1864 he 
continued in active service, and rose to be Surgeon-in-Chief 
2d Division Cavalry Corps of the Army of the Potomac. 
He returned to Trenton in the fall of 1864, having been dis- 
abled for active field service, and resumed private practice. 
His friends and former patients welcomed him back, and 
soon he found himself surrounded by a more extensive prac- 
tice than before. He had charge of the troops which were 
quartered in the vicinity of Trenton until their removal in 
the summer of 1865. The city was at that time and always 
had been a rendezvous/or drafted men, and his hands wtr.- 
kept pretty full. Dr. Phillips ranks among the leading practi- 
tioners of Trenton, and is very highly respected by his medical 
brethren, while the general community honors him for his 
many estimable qualities, both as a physician and a citizen. 
He is a member of the Mercer County District Medical As- 
sociation, and has served as its President several times. 
Frequently he has been sent as a Delegate to the meetings 
of the New Jersey State Medical Association, and for the 
past three years has acted as Treasurer fur the body. For 
eiglit years he has been Physician to the New Jersey State 
Prison, and was re-elected in April, 1876, for a term of three 
years additional. He is a member of the State Health As- 
sociation of New Jersey, the United States Pension Examin- 
ing Surgeon for his district. Medical Examiner for the 
New York Mutual Life Insurance Company. His religious 
views are those of the Presbyterian Church, and he is a 
member of the Fourth Church of Trenton, and President of 
its Board of Trustees. He was married in December, 1 85 1, 
to Margaret S. McKelway, daughter of his professional pre- 
ceptor; she died in 1857, and he married a second time, in 
1865, his jvife being Meta R. McAlpm, of Philadelphia. 



■ ERCHANT, SILAS, President of the Merchants' 
Fire Insur.ance Company of Newark. The world 
in these latter days is largely ruled by self-made 
men. As the power of caste has been broken, and 
the privileged classes have lost their control in so- 
ciety, the individual has come to be measured for 
is worth, and thus merit in a homespun coat com,- 



226 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOr.EDIA. 



pels, much more largely than formerly, llie same degree of 
respect as when clothed in royal purple. With this enlarge- 
ment of the sphere of human action stimulus has been given 
to the development of native ahility among all conditions of 
men, and as a result we find in all the walks of lile those 
who have made their way from the lower to the higher sta- 
tions by the assertion of sheer innate force and the utiliza- 
tion alike of inherent qualities and passing opportunities. 
Silas Merchant, the subject of this sketch, belongs to this 
class of self-made men. His early opportunities were 
meagre and limited. The foot of the ladder was for him 
planted among harsh conditions. Born in Reading, Con- 
necticut, on the 13th of December, iSoS, his childhood was 
spent in Morris county. New Jersey, whither his parents 
removed in March, 1S09. Here he was employed on a fixrni 
until the age of twenty. His only means of acquiring an 
education were such as were afforded by the country schools 
of that period, and these, which taught merely the primary 
studies in a most superficial way, he was able to attend only 
in the winter months. But such opportunities as he pos- 
sessed he improved to the utmost, his naturally vigorous 
mind steadily developing under the influence of study, so 
that when manhood was reached he was thoroughly pre- 
pared to grapple with its duties and Responsibilities. When 
twenty years of age, in the year 1828, Mr. Merchant, quit- 
ting the farm on which he had been reared, went to Geor- 
gia, where he was employed as a clerk in a mercantile 
establishment until 1S32, when he returned to New Jersey. 
He was married in that year to Electa Heaton, daughter 
of John H. Heaton, and granddaughter of Hon. David 
Ayres, of Flanders. Three children were subsequently born 
to him, all of whom are now deceased. Locating in New- 
ark, he engaged in the wholesale clothing manulacture, his 
house being the second in that business established in that 
city. He continued in this business almost continuously 
until 1863, a period of over thirty years. His business re- 
lations being largely with the South, and more parlicularly 
with Virginia, the breaking out of the rebellion and the con- 
sequent interruplion of intercourse and destruction of com- 
mercial values in the seceding States, stripped him of the 
accumulations of years of industry and enterprise ; but, ac- 
cepting the adverse fortune with cheerful courage, he paid 
every dollar of his indebtedness, balanced his books, and 
went forward over the wreck to new labors and new expe- 
riences. In November, 1S60, Mr. Merchant had been 
elected President of the Merchants' Fire Insurance Company 
of Newark, and having closed out his manufacturing busi- 
ness, he addressed himself with characteristic vigor' to the 
duties of his new position, withdrawing entirely from politi- 
cal life in order the more completely to meet its require- 
ments. Realizing that insurance is, in fact, a practical 
science, he familiarized himself with its principles, its 
methods, and its conditions of prosperity, gathering up 
meanwhile the lessons of experience, and his administration 
has, as a natural sequence, been throughout exceptionally 



successful. From being one of the smallest, his conip.iny 
has come to be one of the largest and most substantial in a 
city which numbers in its list of fire insurance corpora- 
tions several of national prominence. As an underwriter, 
Mr. Merchant has held steadily to the view that the primary 
object ill in:<urance should be to afford the largest security 
alike to policy-holder and stockholder at the least possible 
cost ; that the duties of the insurer and the insured are re- 
ciprocal ; that the full benefaction of the system can only 
be realized where all transactions are controlled by the 
spirit of thegojden rule; and if he could have the selection 
of his own epitaph, it would probably be that in the rcpon- 
siblc position he now occupies in connection wiili this j;rrat 
interest, he had faithfully adhered to the lequircmenls of 
that sublime command. While Mr. Merchant's career h.ns 
been largely that of a man of business, he has for over a 
quarter of a century been actively and prominently identified 
with public affairs. He was an active member of the olil- 
tiine School Committee of Newark, and ujion the creation 
of the present Board of Education, charged with the man- 
agement and control of the entire educational interest of ilie 
city, he was chosen to that body, serving until i860, when 
he voluntarily withdrew. A warm friend of education, he 
was among the first to urge that larger recognition of its 
claims which, for a time stubbornly resisted by a false and 
niggardly conservatism, has in these larger days incarnated 
itself in comprehensive laws, in liberal appropriations, and 
in generous policies, all contemplating the largest possible 
diffusion of the benefits and blessings of sound educitiou 
among the masses. In 1852 Mr. Merchant served as a 
member of the lower House of the State Legislature, w here 
he occupied a leading position, acting on the Commitlees 
on the Judiciary, Lunatic Asylum, and Education — ilirce 
of the most important in the entire list. In all the political 
struggles of the middle period of his life, Mr. Merchant 
bore a conspicuous part. During this period of active par- 
ticipation in public affairs, his influence in the Slate was 
positive and well defined. A sagacious adviser, with rare 
powers of discrimination as to the character and motives 
of his contemporaries, his counsel was often sought by the 
leading men of his party, while in many important crises he 
was largely influential in determining the policy, not only 
of his party, but of the State as well. Thus, in 1859, at a 
critical moment in the political history of the State, he 
defeated a movement to hand over the so-called Ameii- 
can party to one of the rival organizations, and by his sagacity 
and courage enabled it to maintain both its influence and' 
independence, and so to dictate nominations and a policy 
which secured to the State a conspicuously wise and loyal 
administration during the troublous period which soon 
followed. In all these matters Mr. Merchant's influence 
was greatly heightened by his facility as a writer, in which 
he is excelled by few men not of the purely professional and 
literary classes, and also by his ability as a sjjeaker. At one 
period in his life he was a liberal contributor to the 1 ublic 




&4i^ Jiti. cbJ^dada- 



y/u^ /&(y^>-^^>^-^^ ^^^^^^^^ 



EIOGRAnilCAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 



227 



journals, writing upon all subjects of pulilic interest, but 
with especial efiect upon certain favorite topics. His style 
is clear, compact and logical, being neither obscured by 
profuse verbiage, nor weakened by displays of tinsel rheto- 
ric. As a speaker he is earnest, direct, and argumentative, 
appealing to the reason rather than to prejudice and passion, 
and aiming to produce conviction rather than at the mere 
entertainment of his hearers. It has been said by Emerson 
that every man's life is full of judgment days ; and it is true. 
AVe are all of us tried and measured, oftener than we think, 
at the bar where our peers sit in judgment. But to the just 
and upright man, the man who has lived a clean life, using 
his gifts for the benefit of his fellows, standing bravely at all 
times for the right, keeping always in view the day of final 
assize, these days of human judgment have no terror. To 
such they can be days of victory only. They bring the 
laurel and the crown, and so even here afford a compensa- 
tion for all the disappointments and pains and sorrows of 
life. So Mr. Merchant finds it m the mellow autumn of his 
days. He has lived a useful, pure and upright life, and he 
has his reward in the confidence and esteem of his fellows. 
They rank him as one who can be depended upon to stand 
inflexilily in defence of law and justice and order, whenever 
and by whomsoever assailed. They know him as one who 
bestows liberally of his substance to the suffering and the 
poor, and who is ever ready to help the weak against the 
cruelty of the strong. They recognize him as a self-made 
man, who never forgets that he came himself from the ranks 
of the humble and the obscure, and th.at it is his duty to help, 
in so far as he may, the ascent of the deserving who aspire 
as he did to loftier heights. With such an estimate of his 
life and career, the subject of this sketch may well be con- 
tent, for it will make luminous his last days here, as it will 
no less surely shed a lustre over his memory when he is 
gone. 

^^ 
- ^ALDWIN, HENRY R., A. M., M. D... of New 

Brunswick, was born in the city of New York, 
September i8lh, 1829. His father, Eli Baldwin, 
M. D. and D. D., was for many years a distin- 
guished minister of the Reformed Church, and 
was a descendant of the Baldwins who settled in 
Newark, New Jersey, prior to 1764. His mother, whose 
maiden name was Phebe Van Nest, was a native of New 
York city. His youth was passed in the select schools of 
the latter place, and in his sixteenth year, 1845, he was en- 
rolled on the lists of Rutgers College, from which, having 
passed through its entire course, he graduated in the class 
of July, 1S49. Directly after receiving his degree of Master 
of Arts, he entered upon the study of medicine with Dr. 
George J. Janeway, at New Brunswick, and completed his 
prepar.itions and a college course of medicine in the office 
of Drs. Parker and Wntls, of New York. He then attended 
the regular course of lectures at the College of Physicians 



and Surgeons in that cily, and from it received, on M.irch 
4th, 1S53, his diploma as Ductoi of Medicine. Immediately 
upon the culmination of these studies, he was honored by 
his preceptor, Dr. Robert Watts, who at that time was pro- 
fessorof anatomy m the College of I'hysicians and Surgeons, 
with the appointment of Clinical Assistant, and filled this 
position wilh great capacity for a period of six months. 
During this period he also acted as junioi at the Bcllevue 
Hospital, and continued in this position, and as House 
Physician, eighteen months. This service was of great 
benefit to him, as it enabled hini to render his studies im- 
mediately practical. In fine, he became an able and careful 
practitioner before he had entered upon his professional 
career. In October, 1854, he commenced practice at Sta- 
pleton, Staten Island, being associated with Dr. William C. 
Anderson. His health failed him, and shortly after he was 
reluctantly compelled to relinquish this field, in which his 
success had been marked. As the needed change he ac 
cepted the surgeoncy of the steamship " Baltic," of the 
Collins Line, in August, 1855, and discharged its duties 
most acceptably, and with benefit to his health, for some 
months. In December of that year he settled in New 
Brunswick, New Jersey, and was married, on December 
27th, 1855, to Elizabeth Van Cortland Rutgers. Here he 
has ever since lieen in active practice, and is recognized 
among the leaders of the profession in the State. He is 
prominently identified with the New Jersey Medical So- 
ciety, having acted as its Treasurer from 1867 to 1875, and 
now serving as its First Vice-President. At the revival of 
the Middlesex County Medical Society he filled the positions 
as President and Vice-President in regular succession. He 
is as energetic and useful a citizen as he is efficient and at- 
tentive as a physician. All measures fur public improve- 
ments, all methods for advancing the educational intere^ts 
of his section, have invariably received his support. He 
has served as Alderman of the city of New Brunswick and 
as one of the Board of Chosen Freeholders. He was one 
of the incorporators of the New Brunswick Water Works, 
and for twelve years was a distinguished member of the 
Board of Education for that cily, and in addition served for 
two years as its Treasurer. He is a gentleman of progres- 
sive ideas and fine soci.il qualities, and is esteemed wherever 
known. 

AVIS, WILLIAM M., Lawyer, was born, July 
13th, 1S40, at Elizabeth, New Jersey. His 
father was Dr. Charles Davis, and his family, 
originally of Welsh extraction, is one of (he 
oldest in the Stale, Joseph D.ivis having setlled 
at Bloomfield in 1660. The house built in that 
year by this remotfe ancestor is still standing, and — ^\hnt is 
much more singular in this country of quickly varvinw for- 
tunes — still remains in the family. He received an Eng- 
lish and classical education at Elizabeth, and subseqiicnlly 



Id VS 



228 



BIOGRAriUCAL EXCVCLOr.'EDIA. 



lead law m the office of Iht Hon. II. D. Ma.wvell, nl 
Easlon. In iS64l]e wa-s adm'uied to practise at the Penn 
sylvajiia bar, and after reading (or a year in the office of 
Hon. J. G Shipman. o( Belvidcre, he was admitted in 
1865 to practise at the bar of New Jersey. In the same 
year he established himself at PhilipslJiirg, anii since iha' 
lime he has built up for himself an extensive practice rang 
ing through all the courts ol the State. He is a stauncli 
meii.ber of the Republican party, but has never sought nor 
accepted office, prelerring to devote his entire time to the 
dut.es of his profession. He was married, April 25th, 
J 866, to Elizabeth W., daughter of the late Dr. Frederick 
S. Weller, of Paierson, Mew Jersey. 



■ROSS, JEREMIAH A., M. D., of Newark, New 
Jersey, was born, February 2ist, 1S27, in Scho 
harie county, New York. His father, Lemuel 
Cross, a carpenter and subsequently a counti'y 
storekeeper, never succeeded in rising above 
very moderate financial circumstances From the 
very outset of his career the lad had his own way to make 
in the world. Educate 1 at the district school, he worked 
with such perseverance that he fitted himself to pass an ex 
amination for teacher, and having passed was duly licensed 
During the next four or five years he was alternately a 
teacher and a pupil, attending the best available schools 
when he had laid by sufficient money, earned at teaching, 
to pay his way, and spending all of his leisure time in study 
A considerable portion of this extra study was directed into 
legal channels, he having about this time determined upon 
law as a profession, a determination that was nullified by 
subsequent circumstances. His school education was finally 
finished by attendance during two or three terms at Canajo- 
harie Academy. When twenty-five years old, he left New 
York and took up his abode at Franklin, Essex county. 
New Jersey, and here, abandoning his intention to enter at 
the bar, he began the study of medicine m the office of Dr 
S. Daley. Setting himself at the acquisition of his profes 
sion with the same earnestness of purpose that had marked 
Ills previous student life, in the fall of 1854 he entered the 
medical department of the University of Michigan, and in 
1856 the Albany Medical College, receiving his degree in 
the spring of that year. In August of the same year he es 
tablished himself in Newark, New Jersey, and in a very 
brief period built up for himself an extensive and highly 
profitable practice. Immediately after the battle of Wil- 
liamsburg, in 1862, he joined the little company of surgeons 
who volunteered from New Jersey to go to the front and 
care for the wounded ; and during his absence the United 
States Army Hospital at Newark was established. To this 
institution he was appointed, upon his return. Assistant 
Contract Surgeon, a position which he held until December, 



(3' 



:^ 



1S63, when he relinquished it in order to accept the post of 
Surgeon to the Board ol Enrolment of the Fifth Congres- 
sional District of New Jersey. This latter office he retained 
until Ihe final suppression of the rebellion, returning lo 
puvate practice in 1865. In 1870 he was appointed one ol 
Ihe staff ol St. Michael's Hospital, and in the same year 
Physician to the Essex County Home for the Insane, both 
ol which appointments he continues to hold. He is a 
member of the New Jersey and Essex County Medical So 
cieties. and is a Director of the Germania Fire Insurance 
Company of Newark. He was married, April, 1859, to 
Eveline, daughter ol Reynier Yan Giesson, of Mount 
Clare, New Jersey. 



-<?>. M 
^ '-^ ONGAR, HON. HORACE N., ol Newark, Law 
yer and ex Secretary ol State, was born in 
Newark, July 31st, 1 81 7 His ancestors on ihe 
paternal side originally settled at Woodbiidge, 
and fr(mi this place they migrated to diftcrent 
parts ol New Jersey and New ^'ork. His mother 
was a granddaughter of Rev. David Bostwick, who was (or 
many years pastor of the Wall Street Presbyterian Church 
in New York, and one ol the leading divines in the State. 
The subjecl of this sketch, after being engaged in teaching 
school for a number of years, and rending law in the offices 
of Cornelius Boice, Esq.. at Plainfield, And Lewis C Grover, 
Esq , at Nev.aik, took his license as an attorney, and com- 
menced the practice of his profession in his native place. 
He had always taken an interest in politics, and his strong 
anti-slavery convictions led him, as early as 1848 to join in 
the piemature movement of that year for the overthrow of 
existing parties by the foundation of a Free Soil party. He 
was a delegate, with Hon George Opdyke and others, from 
New Jersey lo the Buffalo convention, and sustained ihe 
nominations of ^*an Buren and Adams by speech and pen 
in the campaign which followed. For a period afterwards he 
acted with the Free-Soil wing of the Whig party, and in 
1850 became the acknowledged editor of the Newark 
Daily Mercury. Under his guidance this journal became 
the leading political paper of the State. It was a troublous 
time for leadership, and it required a strong will and a de 
termined hand to guide and shape public opinion and to 
control the warring elements of political strife, but success 
was measurably obtained and secured. During the period 
from 1S50 to i860 the Afercury was in the front of the 
anti-slavery fight, and its editor enjoyed the confidence and 
friendship of all the well-known leaders in the cause. In 
1 860 he was a delegate to the National Convention at Chi- 
cago, and advocated to the last, with unflagging energy, the 
selection of Mr. Seward for President. The choice of Mr. 
Lincoln, however, was entirely satisfactory, and received 
his earnest support, and the nominations were ratified by 
the American people. Upon the formation of the adminis- 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENXVCLOP.EDIA. 



229 



(ration of Mr. Lincoln, Mr. Sewnrd was appointed Secre- 
tary of State, and, without solicitation, he tendered to Mr. 
Congar the position of United States Consul at Hong Kong, 
then one of the leading appointments in the East. This 
position was accepted by him, and from 1861 to 1S65 he 
was absent in China, where his services were duly appre- 
ciated and acknowledged by the government. In 1S65, in 
consequence of impaired health caused by the climate of 
southern China, Mr. Congar was compelled to tender his 
resignation, which was accepted by the State Department. 
AVith this acceptance was transmitted his appointment, by 
the President, as Commissioner of Emigration of the United 
States under the then existing law. Returning to the United 
Slates through Europe he assumed, in the summer of 1S65, 
the duties of his new office in Washington. Connected with 
the State Department he was twice commissioned as Acting 
Assistant Secretary of State, during the illness of the Hon. 
F. \V. Seward, consequent upon the injuries received by 
him from the assassin, Payne. In the spring of lS65 Mi. 
Congar was appointed, by Governor Marcus L. Ward, 
Secretary of .State of New Jersey, and he resigned his posi ■ 
tion in Washington and removed to Trenton. Here he dis- 
charged the duties of his office with care and fidelity until 
1870, when he was tendered the position of Vice President 
in that sterling old company, The Mutual Benefit Life In- 
surance Company, at Newark, New Jersey. He accepted 
the offer, resigning the office of Secretary of State, and re- 
moving to his old home. He continued in this position 
for three years, when he found his health badly affected by 
the confinement of office life, and was obliged to resign. 
He was subsequently tendered, by President Grant, the po- 
sition of Consul to Prague, Bohemia, and he spent two years 
in Europe, returning in the fall of 1875, after resigning his 
consulship. 



IRYKER, JAMES D., Banker, of Lambertville, 
was born, January 7lh, iSoo, in Bethlehem, Hun- 
terdon county. New Jersey. Having received a 
good common-school education, he became at the 
age of sixteen a clerk in the general country store 
of Samuel Brittain, at Frenchtown, where he 
remained for three years, after which he went to Bucks 
county, Pennsylvania, and took charge of his brother's store 
there, remaining one year. In 1821 he returned to New 
Jersey, and went into his brother's store at Flemington, 
remaining there until 1823, when he engaged in business 
with Mr. Wilson Bray, at Everittstown. He removed to 
Frenchtown in 1S25, and in the year following to Lambert- 
ville There he united with his brother in establishing a 
general retail business, under the name of S. D. & J. D. 
Stryker, the two meanwhile becoming interested in the 
lumber trade, in favor of which they, in 1848, closed their 
mercanliie business, launching exclusively and extensively 
intothat traffic, purchasing largetraclsof timber in the Lehigh 



regions of Luzerne and Monroe counties in Pennsylvania, 
erecting mills near White Haven in that Stale, and selling 
lumber by wholesale at their mills and at Philadelphia. JTlie 
business, managed with great judgment and energy, as it 
was, proved exceedingly profitable. When the Lambert- 
ville Bank was organized, in J858, he was made a Director, 
his brother, S. D. Stiyker, having been chosen president, to 
which office, on the death of his brother in 1863, he suc- 
ceeded, and still holds it. He is also President of the 
Lambertville Gas Company, and a Director of the Water- 
power Company of Lambertville. Experienced, discreet, 
faithful, and crowned with success, he has in a high degree, 
as he deserves, the confidence and esteem of his fellow- 
citizens. He has been for many years an elder of the Pres- 
byterian Church at Lambertville. 



ILL, JOHN, President of the National State Bank 
of Camden, was born July glh, 1795. His great- 
grandfather came to this country from or near 
London when quite a young man, and settled 
near the present limits of the village of Haddon- 
"* field, New Jersey; he was a relative of John 
Iladdon, who became possessed of large landed estates in 
West Jersey. Elizalieth Haddon, a daughter of John 
Haddon, came to this country when about ninetfen years 
of age, and settled on a part of her father's property. Some 
years later she married John Estaugh, a member of the 
religious Society of Friends, who was travelling in America 
in the service of the ministry. By the records it appears 
that John Gill, in connection with John Estaugh, assumed 
control of these large estates, which was so satisfactory to 
John Haddon that he made a gift of a tract of land to John 
Gill, in recognition of his valuable services. This tract 
embraced a portion of that now included in the village of 
Haddonfield. John Gill died in 1749, leaving a son, John, 
who took charge of his affairs, and who, after the decease 
of Elizabeth Estaugh, in 1762, acted as one of the executors 
of her est.ate, her husband, John Estaugh, having died m 
Tortola, one of the West India islands, while there on a 
religious visit about twenty years previous. John Gill re- 
sided most of his life on the property owned by his father, 
and appears to have been a very active business man, and 
participated to a considerable extent in the political affairs 
of the country. He married Amy, daughter of David 
Davis, of Salem county. He died in the year 1794, leav- 
ing six children — one son, John Gill, and five daughters. 
The son, John, married Annie Smith, and occupied the old 
homestead the greater part of his life. He did not take so 
active a part in public affairs as his father, except that his 
name appears quite frequently on the meeting records of the 
.Society of Friends, of which he was a member. He died 
in 1837, leaving two children, one son and one d.iughler. 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENXYCLOr.-EDIA. 



A noiicenble feature in the jjenealogy ol this family is, that 
1^11 several generations there has been but one son^ to whom 
was'always given the name of John Gill, after the first 
comer. John Gili, the subject of the present sketch, was 
born on the property that had been in the family name for 
sc many years, and at the age of twenty two married Sarah 
Hopkins, ol H-iddonfield. About ten years latei he pur- 
chased a large farm in the neighborhood and removed to it. 
After the death ot his father, in 1837, he went to the old 
Gill property m the village of Haddonfield, where he now 
resides. As the owner of considerable landed estate he has 
always shown a lively interest in agricultural affairs, and for 
many years took an active part in the matters of the neigh 
borhood. He was elected a member of the House of As 
sembly of New Jersey in 1832, and to the Senate in 1S49. 
On the 8lh of November, 1842, he was elected President 
of the State Bank, at Camden, New Jersey, and occupied 
the position by continuous annual elections till the final 
conversion of the bank into a national institution on the 2d 
d.iyof June, 1865. He has continued to be President of 
the National Bank as he had been of the State bank, and 
has accordingly held that position for the space of thirty- 
five years, and may well be considered a veteran bank 
president. It is in a large degree owing to the care, fidelity, 
oversiciht and close attention on the part of John Gill, that 
the institution he represents has become one of the foremost 
in the Slate Shortly after he became Us president, by 
reason of heavy losses in former years, its solvency was 
greatly questioned, and the value of its capital stock became 
much reduced, but the highsoci.il position held by Mr. 
Gill, and the devotion of much of his time and services, at 
once restored confidence in the bank, and since that time it 
has steadily improved. For the past few years, on account 
of the infirmities of age, he has not taken an active share in 
the labors of the institution he represents, but his interest 
increases with each succeeding year, and he now points 
with pride to the bank, as having braved the financial 
storms for sixty-five ye.^rs. 



G: /^MERV, WILLIAM P., Merchant, of Flemington, 
w-as born near Flemington, July 17th, iSli. 
After receiving an ordinary English education, at 
the age of fourteen years he was given a position 
in the store of Samuel D. Stryker, a prominent 
general dealer in Flemington. Here he remained 
during the ensuing seven years, developing marked mercan- 
tile ability and thoroughly mastering the intricacies of the 
business, besides acquiring the confidence and esteem of the 
community. Upon attaining his majority he at once estab- 
lished himself in business upon his own account, engaging 
in a general retail trade that rapidly expanded until it be- 
came the most flourishing in the county. His personal 
popularity had much to do with his success, but its essential 



cause was the honorable character of his dealings. Al- 
though shrewd at a bargain, and always properly alive to his 
own interests, he was always eminently just, and his cus- 
tomers never suflered from relying upon his word. A mem- 
ber of the Presbyterian Church, of the Hunterdon County 
Bible Society, an earnest worker in Sunday-schools, and 
prominent in all undertakings for the advancement of Chris- 
tianity, his busme^s and private life were entirely in accord, 
and both were equally to his honor. In 1S64, having 
amassed a considerable capital, he sold his business and 
engaged in an extensive lumber trade, his dealings covering 
northeastern New Jersey and the adjacent counties of Penn- 
sylvania, the latter section being in charge of one of his 
sons. Another son is engaged in the wholesale dry-goods 
trade in New York, and a third is established as a barrister 
at Trenton. Into this move extended sphere of operations 
he has carried the same qualities which assured his success 
in his Flemington store, and he is generally regarded as one 
ol the leading men in his section of the State. It was 
largely owing to his energy and public spirit that the Flem 
ington railroad was built, and he was equally prominent in 
the organization of the Hunterdon County National Bank. 
In both of these corporations he is at present a Director. 



\FFERTV, JOHN C, Senator from Hunterdon 
county from 1856 to 1859, was born at Woodbury, 
Gloucester county. New Jersey, December 29lh, 
1S16. His father was William Rafferty, D. D., 
President of St. John's College, Annapolis, Mary- 
land, a native of Ireland and a graduate of 
Glasgow University ; his mother a Miss Chandler, of Orange 
county. New York. His father died in 1830, and his 
mother when he was an infant. After his father's death he 
attended school at Piltsfield, Massachusetts, for a year; in 
1832 entered the sophomore class at Yale, and graduated 
in 1835. He commenced the study of the law in the office 
of A. D. Logan, Esq , in New York city, attended the law 
school at Cambridge from 1837 to 183S, Judge Story and 
Professor Greenleaf being the instructors, and was ad- 
mitted to the bar in New York in 183S. In 184I he mar- 
ried Laura E. Ogden, a daughter of O. W. Ogden, who was 
United Slates M.irshal of New Jersey under Jefferson, Mad- 
ison, Monroe and John Q. Adams. Upon his marriage he 
settled in New Germantown, New Jersey, and engaged in 
agricullure and milling. In 1855 he was chosen Stale 
Senator for Hunterdon county, and upon the expiration of 
his term as Senator, in 1859, was unanimously elected 
Secretaiy of the Senate, and in 1S60 re-elected to the same 
position. In March of the same year he was appointed by 
the State Democratic Convention one of the senatorial dele- 
gates to the Democratic Convention at Charleston, IIcni. 
William ^Yright, ex Chancellor Williamson, ani Hun. 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDI/ 



23' 



James Wall being the other senatorial delegates. In 1S62 
he moved to Flemington, the county-seat, and resumed the 
practice of the law. In 1863 he was appointed by Gov- 
ernor Parker State Military Agent for New Jersey at Wash 
iiifrton.and continued to fill said position until March, 1866, 
when he returned to Flemington. In 1867 he was appomted 
County Supernitendent of Public Schools by the State Board 
of Education for a term of three years. Three years later 
he was again elected Secretary of the State Senate. He is 
now engaged in the practice of the law at Flemington. 



HATES, HENRY J., Manufacturer, of Newark, 
was born in New York city, December 7th, 1S19. 
He is the son of Thomas Yates, also a ni.inufac- 
turer, who in 18 1 7 came to this country from 
Sheffield, England, his native place, and settled 
in the city of New York, where he married Ilep- 
seber Thacker, likewise of English birth. The son re- 
ceived his education at the public schools of New York, and 
at private schools in that city, attending one or the other 
until he was fifteen years of age, when he went to Newark 
and entered the service of William Rankin, a hatter, with 
whom he learned hatting. In 1S43, having mastered h 
trade, he formed a partnership with Mr. Vail, under the 
n.inie of Vail & Yates, the firm doing a large and flourish- 
ing business, which it continued till 1857, when the partner- 
ship was dissolved, and the present firm of Yates, Wharton 
& Co. was formed. Of this firm and its oper.rtions. Bishop, 
in his work on "American Manufactures," ihus speaks : " In 
1857 the firm of Vail & Yates was dissolved, and Mr. 
Yates made his present prosperous connection with Mr. 
John Wharton,, well known as one of the most skilful of 
practical manufacturers at that time in the business. The 
energy and discrimination displayed by the old firm were 
not wanting in the new one. The careful regard to mate- 
rial and finish, with the special study of chemical effects, 
was rather increased than neglected, and tended not only to 
the profit of the establishment, but likewise to the advance- 
ment of the national industry which was thus represented. 
In 1S61 the operations of the firm, by the growing demand 
for its specialties, justified a move of which the wisdom has 
been amply evidenced in the greatly enlarged sale of their 
productions. This was the establishment of a central depot 
in New York city, through which the market could be more 
directly and conveniently reached. The number of hands 
employed by this firm, which varies with the fluctuations of 
business, is never less than two hundred, and at times 
reaches five hundred. The machinery operated by them 
comprehends every improvement known, though no patents 
fur ■ipecialties have recently issued to them, notwithstanding 
the fact that some of the most important innovations in this 
manufacture have originated in their factories." Mr. Yates I 



was an old-line Whig, but has been an active member of the 
Republican party ever since its formation. He is not, how- 
ever, a hidebound partisan, and consequently eiijoy.Sv the 
respect of both parties abke. As a citizen, he is public- 
spirited, liberal and just. He has never sought office, but 
at the earnest solicitation of his political friends he has con- 
sented to serve the city of Newark, having been elected 
Alderman of the Fourth Ward, and subsequently, in Janu- 
ary, 1S76, Mayor of the city, an office -which he has ad- 
ministered with fidelity as well as ability, and which he still 
fills. He IS a Director in the Newark City Bank, the Fire- 
man's Insurance Company of Newark, the Prudential 
Friendly Society, and the Newark Industrial Institute. Al- 
though not yet an old man, he has won, by his own energy 
and intelligence, all the more substantial prizes of life, 
crowned by the good opinion and confidence of his fellow- 
men. He was married in 1842 to Sarah A. Condit, of 
Bloomfield, New Jersey, daughter of Moses Condit, Esq. 



HEI.PLEY, HON. EDWARD W., Lawyer and 
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of New Jer- 
sey, was born in 1818, at Morristown, and was the 
only son of IJr. William A. Whclpley, a native of 
Massachusetts, who married a daughter of General 
John Dodd, of Bloomfield, father of the late dis- 
tinguished Amzi Dodd, formerly prosecutor of the pleas of 
Morris county. Dr. Whelpley, in removing from Massa- 
chusetts, settled first in Bloomfield, but eventually made 
Morristown his residence. He was a gentleman of great 
refinement of character and manners, and of elegant learn- 
ing; he died in 182S. Judge Whelpley was but ten years 
old at his father's death, and his mother attended carefully 
to the education of her son. He had a most precocious in- 
tellect, which he evidently inherited chiefly from his mother, 
whose family were noted for their superior mathematical 
attainments. He received his rudimentary education in his 
native place, and attended a school in which his grand- 
father had at one time been a teacher ; and he completed 
his studies at Princeton College, from which institution he 
graduated with the class of 1834, being at that time but 
little over sixteen years of age. Being too young to enter 
upon the study of the law, he passed two ye.ars in teaching 
school at the Mendham Academy. He then entered the 
office of his uncle, Amzi Dodd, and commenced his legal 
studies, and remained with him until his death, in 1838, 
when he continued his reading under Amzi Armstrong, who 
proved an efficient preceptor. Having attained his ma- 
jority, he was licensed as an attorney in May, 1839, and at 
once entered upon the practice of his profession in Newark, 
where he remained for two years. On the election of the 
late Hon. Jacob W. Miller to the United States Senate in 
1841, he removed to Morristown and became his law part- 
ner, under the firm name of Miller & Whelpley; and while 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 



the senior memlier was almost constantly absent on official 
duties, the business was conducted solely by the junior part- 
ner. He soon achieved a wonderful success, and rose to 
eninience in his profession, lie was elected in 1847 "■ 
member of the Legislature, and re-elected the following 
year; and during 1848 was chosen Speaker of the House, 
which position he filled with marked efficiency and ability. 
Ill 1858 he was appointed, by Governor Newell, a Judge of 
the Supreme Court, in place of Judge Ryerson, who had 
resigned in consequence of ill-health. In i860 Governor 
Olden selected the then chief-justice, Hon. Henry W. 
Green, for the post of chancellor, and elevated Judge 
Whelpley to the vacant Chief- Justiceship ; this office he re- 
tained until his death. Before he became a judge, he was 
an earnest politician and an adherent of the Whig party 
until its disintegration, and then became a decided Republi- 
can. He was a member of the National Convention which 
nominated General Fremont for the Presidency, and was 
actively instrumental in the nomination of William L. 
Dayton for the Vice Presidency. He was a most able, 
thorough and pains-taking lawyer, thoroughly versed in the 
common law. His mind seemed to be so constituted as to 
enable him to grasp, as if by intuition, the most intricate 
legal questions, and with unerring precision and certainty 
discern the principles by which they were solved. His in- 
tellect was strong, vigorous, highly cultivated, and well 
trained. But while these characteristics were most marked, 
he had admirable moral traits. He was a man of gravity ; 
he felt the responsibilities of life, and met them. He was 
no trifler. He had integrity, which, at the bar and on the 
bench, was beyond all suspicion. He expounded the law 
as he understood it, clearly, logically and firmly. This gave 
him his influence, and made him a safe counsellor and a 
good judge. In addition to his great professional learning he 
was also an ardent lover of general literature, a close 
student and a classical scholar ; a genial companion and a 
true gentleman, whom eveiy one respected. He was a 
member of the South Street Presbyterian Church of Morris- 
town, having formally joined that congregation about a year 
preceding his death. He married,in 184 1, a daughter of 
Dr. Absalom Woodruff, of Mendham, and left a family of 
three daughters and one son. He died al Morristown, 
February 21st, 1864. 



'^?/fl AVARD, SAMUEL JOHN, Lawyer and Littera- 
teur, of Camden, was born at New Rochelle, 
Westchester county. New York, September 26lh, 
1801. His ancestors were of Huguenot descent 
(both paternal and maternal), having left Fiance 
for America about the middle of the seventeenth 
century. His grandfather, John Bayard, and his father, 
Samuel Bayard, were born at Bohemia Manor, in the State 
of Delaware. John Bayard, his grandfather, was a member 



from Pennsylvania of the Continental Congress, Colonel of 
the 1st Regiment of Cavalry of Philadelphia, and served in 
the army through the revolutionary war, and was afterwards 
Speaker of the Legislature of Pennsylvania under her first 
constitution. The father of Samuel J. was a lawyer, several 
years in practice in Philadelphia. After the negotiation of 
Jay's treaty with Great Britain in 1794, he was appointed 
by General Washington, Agent of the L'nited States for the 
prosecution of American claims provided for by that treaty. 
On his return to the United States he resided for a few 
years with his father in-law, Lewis Pintaid, at New 
Rochelle, where Samuel J. was bom. In 1806 Mr. Bayard 
(the fluher) removed to Princeton, New Jersey. Samuel J. 
graduated at Princeton College in 1820. He studied law 
with Richard Stockton and was admitted to the bar in 1823. 
In 1826, at the solicitation of his cousin. Commodore R. F. 
Stockton, he became editor of the Piincelon Patriot, a 
newspaper which Commodore Stockton got up for political 
purposes. The Patriot soon became a popular and leading 
paper in New Jersey. Mr. Bayard in his paper urged the 
construction of the Delaware & Raritan Canal and a railroad 
across the State, four years before charters for those works 
were granted. He also advocated a change of the con- 
stitution of New Jersey, and got up a large Slate conven- 
tion, which urged the Legislature to authorize the election 
of delegates to a State convention to form a new constitution. 
But in the fall of 1827 he left the State for the W'est, and no 
change of the constitution took place until 1844. His dis- 
cussion of the subject in 1826, however, created a popular 
demand for a new constitution, and furnished the argu- 
ments which led to the adoption of the present excellent 
constitution of New Jersey. Going to Ohio in 1827, he was 
admitted to practise at the bar of that State. But his taste 
for politics excited by his experience in New Jersey soon 
interrupted his professional pun;uits. Having attended a 
Democratic State Convention at Columbus, he drew the 
resolutions and address adopted by the convention, and 
thus made known his capacity for producing political effect. 
He was soon after invited to become the editor of a daily 
paper in Cincinnati, the only daily Democratic organ in the 
State. He conducted this paper for a year, and acquired 
in that time reputation and influence throughout the State. 
He relinquished in 1833 all the advantages of that position 
to engage in a real estate purchase at Seneca Falls, Seneca 
county. New York. At this time he was appointed, by 
President Jackson, and confirmed by the Senate, Secretary 
of the commission for running the boundary line between 
Mexico and the L'nited States, but did not accept the ap- 
pointment. In the same year that he removed to New 
York, Mr. Bayard married Jane A. Dashiell, the daughter 
of the Rev. George Dashiell, then living near Louisville, 
Kentucky, though originally a distinguished clergyman of 
the Episcopal Church of Maryland. In 1836 Mr. Bayard 
was appointed, by Governor Marcy, and confirmed by the 
Senate of New York, a Judge of the Court of Common 




noz^sa.amii^" 



(?3i^ij^^ S4^nJuui^ 



BIOGRAnilCAL ENCYCLOP.^TDIA. 



233 



Pleas for Seneca county. Being a cminsellor in New York 
he was the Presitling Jiulge of the Court. He resigned thi.s 
office after a few years' service. In 1840 he took an active 
part in favor of General Harrison for President. He wrote 
a popular biography of him, and several campaign songs foj 
Mr. Greeley's Log-Cabin paper. In 1849, at the inblancc 
of his New Jersey friends, he returned to that State and 
conducted several newspapers in the interest of the Canal 
and Railroad Companies, against which the anti-monopolists 
were wagmg a fierce war. He became editor of the New 
York Globe m 1850, and distinguished himself in advocating 
the compromise measures of that year. George Wilkes, 
then editor of the Police Gazelle^ which had the largest ex- 
change list of any paper in New York, is known to have 
said th.it Mr. Bayard's articles on the compromise were 
more copied in other papers than those of all the rest of the 
New York city papers. In 185 1 he again resumed his 
residence in New Jersey, and wrote for almost every Demo- 
cratic paper in the Stale, sending his articles by mail. The 
Democratic party succeeded in carrying the State that year 
for the first time in ten years. In 1S54 Mr. Eayard was 
appointed Secretary of the Camden & Amboy Railroad 
Company, which position he held until the Pennsylvania 
Railroad Company leased the works of the United Railroad 
and Canal Companies. He received in 1S64 the Demo- 
cratic nomination for Congress in the First Congressional 
District of New Jersey, and met with the unanimous support 
of his party. In 1872 he was President of the straight out 
Democratic Convention at Baltimore, which inaugurated the 
Democratic movement against Mr. Greeley's nomination. 
He was a prominent member of the Louisville Straight-out 
Convenlion, which nominated Charles O'Conor for Presi- 
dent, and drew the resolutions adopted by the convention. 
Mr. Bayard in 1856 published a " Life of Commodore 
Stockton," which Mayor Conrad (a very competent critic) 
pronounced the best biography in the English language, 
excepting only Southey's " Life of Nelson." His only son 
was General George D Bayard, who was killed, December 
15th, 1862, in the battle of Fredericksburg. In 1S73 Mr. 
Eayard published a life of his son, of which the late Wil-, 
Jiam B. Read, literary editor of the A^ew York Worlds in 
an extended review in that paper, writes as follows ; " With- 
out meaning iji any way to be extravagant, we express the 
candid judgment that this little duodecimo of but 300 pages 
ought to be m the hand of every American military student 
and of every American soldier. It is a perfect chrysolite — 
this short life of twenty-seven years. There is no flaw. 
The bterary execution of the book is eminently graceful — 
the aged f.ither writing about his dead boy — and nothing of 
the cant which makes such a life as ' Cajitain Vickars' so 
offensive. There is praise implied in a clear statement of 
personal experiences, but none of that doting eulogy which 
a parent might be pardoned for indulging in. There is a 
liberal use of familiar correspondence, but a strict suppres- 
sion of those details with which surviving relatives are so 
30 



apt to drug their readers. We know no better specimen 
of judicious and effective writing," At the present time 
(1877) Mr. Bayard is a resident of the city of Camden. 



||OORIIEES, FREDERICK, Counsellor-.at Law, 
of Mount Holly, was born oil 'a f.irm about one 
milo west of Blawenburgh, Somerset county. New 
Jersey. His parents were Peter Voorhees and 
Jane (Schenck) Voorhees, the latter being a 
daughter of Captain John Schenck. He studied 
the earlier branches of education at a common school 
near Sioutsburgh, about one mile west of his home. Pre- 
ferring to adopt a learned profession, he at a compara- 
tively early age began the study of Latin, Rev. T. Dc Witt 
Talmadge, the popular pastor of Brooklyn, New York, being 
a fellow-pupil. Their instructor was Mr. Talniadge's bro- 
ther, Rev. James R. Talmadge, then p.istor of the Dutch 
Reformed Church at Blawenburgh, and they continued their 
studies under his direction from November, 1S47, until he 
resigned his pastoral charge about one year thereafter. Fred- 
erick Voorhees then returned home and for a while look 
partial charge in the management of his father's farm. Re- 
turning to his classical studies, he placed himself under the 
tuition of Rev. Theodore B. Ronieyn, who succeeded Mr. 
Talmadge in the pastorate of the Dutch Reformed Church at 
Blawenburgh. At this time he added the study of Greek to 
that of Latin. He completed his preparation for college 
under the instruction of Rev. J. B. Davis, then of Tilusville, 
New Jersey, in the summer and fall of 1852, and entered 
the Freshman class of Princeton College at the commence- 
ment of its second term, in February, 1853. Soon after enter- 
ing college he joined the Cliosophic Society, one of the 
two literary institutions connected with the college. He 
graduated from the college in June, 1S56, with an average 
grade on all studies of ninety-seven and nine-tenths, standing 
filth with one other in a graduating class of seventy-nine stu 
dents. In mathematics he ranked first, and was accorded 
the honor of the Mathematical Oration at the College Com- 
mencement. Determining to follow the legal profession, he 
began the study of law with his brother, Peter L Voorhees, 
at Camden, in June, 1856. Three years subsequently, at the 
June term of the Supreme Court of the State of New Jersey, 
1859, he was licensed as an attorney-at-Iaw and solicitor m 
chancery. In November of that year he removed to Mount 
Holly, and took charge of the law practice of Hon. John C. 
Ten Eyck, who was then about leaving for Washington to 
take his seat as United States .Senator. This trust he con- 
tinued to discharge until the expiration of Mr. Ten Eyck'a 
term, in 1865, when he surrendered it to him, and then 
opened an office for himself m the same town. His great 
abilities as a lawyer and counsellur had by this time be 
come generally recognized, .and he found himself at once in 



234 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLCP/EDIA. 



the enjoyment of an extensive and valiialile practice, which 
during subsequent years he has enlarged and consolidated 
until its proportions and character give him rank as the 
leader of the bar in his section of the State. He is a man of 
great tenacity of purpose^ and when once a client has placed 
a cause in his hands, he may rest assured that so long as any 
legal resource remanis it will never be given up. Many of 
his successes are due to ihis persevering pursuit of the means 
provided by the law for Ihe protection of rights and property. 
To this marked .characteristic he unites a profound knowl- 
edge of the principles and traditions of law, and being a 
forcible and prudent speaker, he commands the respectful at- 
tention of all the courts in which he practises and of his 
professional brethren. He has never taken any active part 
in politics, and is still unmarried. 



■J 



■EWELL, HON. WILLIAM J., Railroad Manager 
and Legislator, of Camden, was born in Ireland 
ill 1835. Coming to this country at a compara- 
^^^^ tively early age, he has become thoroughly identi- 
fied with Its interests. On the outbreak of the 
war of the rebellion he felt impelled to give his 
services to the national cause, and was mustered into the 
nrniy as Captain of the 5th New Jersey Regiment, August 
28lh, 1861. It became at once manifest that he was ac- 
tuated by true military spirit. He showed a comprehension 
of the necessities of the service and promptly adapted him- 
self to Its requirements, proving himself a disciplinarian of 
a high order and an invaluable support to his superior offi- 
cers. He ])artici|iated in all the engagements in which his 
regiment took part down to the battle of Spottsylvania, in 
May, 1864, always exhibiting conspicuous courage, and the 
fine soldierly qualities of ready apprehension and fertile re- 
source in emergencies. In the battle of Chancellorsville, 
General Gershom Mott being wounded, Sewell,by this time 
Colonel of the 5th, succeeded to the command of the 
brigade, and, leading it forward at a critical moment, 
achieved one of the most brilliant successes of the war, cap- 
turing eight colors from the enemy and retaking the regi- 
mental standard of a New York regiment. His bearing 
throughout this most severe engagement was exemplary, and 
at once placed him among the ablest and bravest soldiers 
ol the repulilic. At Gettysburg he won fresh laurels. Both 
at Chancellorsville and Gettysburg he was wounded; in the 
Inter battle severely, while commanding the skirmish line 
in front of the 3d Corps, during the attack of Longstreet in 
the second day's engagement. His commission as Lieu 
tenant-Colonel of the 5lh Regiment was dated July 7th, 
1S62, and that as Colonel on October 2Ist following, both 
promotions being made on the recommendation of Colonel 
Starr, himself a g.illant and efficient soldier. On September 
30th, 1864, Colonel Sewell, who had been compelled by 
sickness, arising from long cx|)nsHrc, to temporarily leave 



Ihe service in July, was made Colonel of the 3Sth Regiment, 
then about organizing, and with it returned to the field, 
where he remained until the summer of 1865. He was 
made Brevet Brigadier-General of volunteers April glh, 
1866, " for gallant and meritorious conduct in the battle of 
Chancellorsville," and no honor was ever more worthily or 
justly bestowed. At the close of the war he was brevetted 
Major-General for meritorious services. On the election of 
Hon. Joel Parker as governor of the State, in 1872, General 
Sewell was appointed a member of his personal staff, a po- 
sition which he held with his army rank in accordance with 
a special act of the Legislature. In the same year he was 
elected to the State .Senate from Camden, polling 5,022 votes 
out of a total of 7,399. and considerably increasing the pre- 
vious Republican majority. He took a conspicuous position 
in the Senate ; in the session of 1874 he w.as Chairman of 
the Committees on Soldiers' Children's Home, Militia, 
Riparian Rights, and Centennial. As chairman of the last- 
named committee he was one of the first to suggest that the 
State and national governments be asked for direct appro- 
priations to the Centennial Exposition, and the first to give 
practical force to the suggestion by procuring from the New 
Jersey Legislature a subscription of gioo.ooo to the slock of 
the enterprise. In this measure he was ably supported by 
Governor Parker and Thomas H. Dudley, Esq. During the 
same session he was also a member of the Committees on 
Municipal Corporations, and Revision of the L.aws. Re- 
elected in 1875, he served during the session of 1876 in the 
distinguished position of President of the Senate. A staunch 
Republican and a man of high principle, he has made for 
himself an enviable political record. 



«^ 



ARPENTER, THOMAS PRE.STON, Lawyer and 
Judge of the .Supreme Court of New Jersey, late 
of Camden, was born on April I9lh, 1804, at Glass- 
boro', Gloucester county. New Jereey, where his 
father, Edward Carpenter, was then living and 
operating the glass-works now owned by the 
Whitneys. He was a descendant of .Samuel Carpenter and 
Thomas Lloyd, both well-known men in the early days of 
Pennsylvania. His father dying when he was quite young, 
Mr. Carpenter spent his early life with his grandfather, at 
Carpenter's Landing (now Mantua). After receiving a 
liberal education he studied law with Judge White, of 
Woodbury, and was admitted as an attorney in September, 
1830. On October 26th, 183S, he was appointed Prosecutor 
of the Pleas of Gloucester county, and took a prominent 
part in several very important trials, especially the one 
known as the " Mercer trial " (March, 1843). On Febru- 
ary 5lh, 1845, he was appointed, by Governor Stratton, one 
of the Associate Judges of the Supreme Court of the State; 
his circuit comprising Burlington, Camden and Gloucester 
counties. On his retirement (after seven years) from the 



BlOCRAnilCAL ENCYCLOr.EDIA. 



judgeship he devoted himself to the practice of his piofes 
sion, principally as a counsellor, and was eminently success- 
ful. At the breaking out of the rebellion he joined the 
Union League of Philadelphia, and gave his entire sympa- 
thies to the Union cause. In 1865 he was active in pro- 
moting the success of the Sanitary l''air, occupying as he 
did the position of President of the New Jersey Auxiliary. 
He was an earnest Christian, and in the church (Protestant 
Episcopal) he always held an honored position, being for 
many years Vestryman, Warden and Deputy to the Diocesan 
and General Conventions. He was not only an able law- 
yer, but amidst the cares of an active practice he was thor- 
oughly versed in classical and general literature. He died 
at his home in Camden, New Jersey, on March 20th, 1876. 
He was greatly respected throughout the State of New Jer- 
sey, of which he was at the time of his death one of the best- 
known citizens. As a Judge of the .Supreme Court he was 
held in high esteem by his associates, and by the bar of the 
State, for his ability, learning, and for the uniform good 
judgment which he brought to the consideration of cases. 
In the counties where he presided at circuits, and which he 
visited during his term of office at regular periods, his 
genial manners and kindly intercourse with the people 
made him very popular. Judge Carpenter was interested 
and active at home in all schemes which affected the pros- 
perity and welfare of his town. In the church, at the bar, 
and in society, he was, during his life, one of the most 
prominent men of his native State. 



KILLMAN, CHARLES A., Lawyer, of Lambert- 
ville, was born, December i6th, 1S27, in Hope- 
well township, Mercer county. New Jersey. One 
of his paternal ancestors. Captain Skillman, came 
to this country from England in 1664, and as- 
sisted in capturing New York from the Dutch, 
settling afterwards on Long Island, whence a descendant 
of the fourth degree, the great-grandfather of the subject of 
this sketch, removed to the Millstone valley in New Jersey, 
where he engaged in agricultural pursuits and in the vicinity 
of which the family has since resided. Charles entered the 
sophomore class of Princeton in 1845, graduating in 1848, 
when he immediately began the study of the law under 
William Halstead, of Trenton. He was admitted to the 
bar in 1851. In 1S52 he removed to Lambertville, in 
■which place he has since lived. His practice is extensive 
and profitable. In 1 858 he was ajjpointed by Governor 
Newell, Prosecutor of the Pleas for Hunterdon county, a 
position which he held for four years, performing its duties 
with such vigor and fidelity as to win general acceptance. 
He is solicitor for the Belvidere Delaware Division of the 
Pennsylvania Railroad, Vice-President of the Lambertville 
National Bank, as also its attorney, and a Director of the 



Lambertville Gas Company, 
not only as a lawyer and a 
citizen. 



He enjoys a high reputation, 
olticcr, but as a man and a 



EWLIN, JOHN W., Journalist, of Millville, New 
Jersey, son of John and Mary A. {William^) 
Newlm, was born in Philadelphia, August igih, 
1833. Educated in the. Philadelphia public 
schools, and in Anthony Bolmar's academy, 
Westchester, he entered the office of the West- 
chester Regis/fi- atid Examiner, subsequently known as 
The Village Record, as an ajjprentice to the trade of print- 
ing. He soon rose to be foreman of the paper, and after 
holding this position for some time, accepted an advan- 
tageous offer to enter the office of the Chester County 'limes, 
since styled the Chester County Republican. Here he re- 
mained for upwards of seven years. Upon the breaking out 
of war, he entered the United States volunteer army as 
Sergeant-Major of Battery B, Pennsylvania Artillery, being 
engaged in active service for some .seventeen months, mainly 
in the Shenandoah valley. Resigning from the army, he estab- 
lished (in 1S64) the MiUville Republican, an enterprising, 
liberal journal, that he has since its foundation comlucied 
with marked ability. An earnest Republican himself, his 
paper has been con.stant in maintaining the doctrines of that 
party, and has played an important part in securing the suc- 
cess of its candidates in West Jersey. He has for a number 
of years been prominent in educational matters; is now 
President of the MiUville Board of Education, a position 
that he has acceptably filled for the past eight years, and for 
three years has served as Superintendent of the Board of 
Instruction. From 1865 to 1870, when the district was con- 
solidated, he was Assistant Assessor of Internal Revenue, 
and during the sessions of 1871-72-73-74 was Assistant 
Secretary of the State Senate. 



"hITEIIEAD, WILLIAM A., of Newark, is a 
gentleman widely known in New Jersey as an 
historian and antiquarian. He was the originator 
of the New Jersey Historical Society, of which he 
has been from the first and is still the Correspond 
ing Secretary, and his pen has been most prolific 
in contributions to its annals. Princijial among these are 
his "History of New Jersey Under the Proprietors," and 
" Contributions to the Early History of Perth Amboy," etc., 
each being a volume of several hundred pages, replete with 
evidence of the industry, research andability of their author. 
Besides these interesting and useful labors, he has for many 
years kept a daily record of the weather, including thermo- 
metrcal and barometrical observations, monthly statements 
of which have lieen published in the Newark Daily Ailver- 
User. On this subject, as well as upon the history of the 



236 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.TIDIA. 



State, Mr. Whitehead is an eFitablished authority. These 
employments, which have given him large fame, are the 
recreations of a life devoted to close and daily labol". At 
sixteen he left school and entered a bank, of which his father 
was cashier. In early manhood he joined an elder brother 
then engaged in mercantile pursuits at Key West. He 
was appointed collector and lived there several years, em- 
ploying his spare time in close study and self-development. 
At his father's death he returned to the North, and entered 
into business in Wall street, which he relinquished and 
became successively Treasurer of the Haarlem Railroad; 
Secretary of the New Jersey Railroad, and Treasurer of the 
American Trust Company, at Newark, a position he still 
fills. Mr. Whitehead is the father of the Newark Library, 
as well as of the New Jersey Historical Society. He has 
accepted no public office except that of a member of the 
Board of Public Education, in which he was for years very 
efficient. It is believed he was the first to suggest a city 
hospital, and he has ever been foremost in local benevolence. 
He is now about sixty-six years old, and full of health and 
energy. He was born in Newark, within a few steps of 
where he resides. His wife is a daughter of James Parker, 
late of Perth Amboy. He has had several children, of whom 
three grew up. One son is a distinguished Episcopal clergy- 
man, Rev. Coitlandt Whitehead, of Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. 









GYNTON, CASSIMER W., Manufacturer, of 
Woodbridge, son of Gorham L. and Louisa 
(Bassford) Boynton — his father being the pro- 
prietor of large tracts of timber land, an extensive 
builder and ownerof saw-mills, and for a number 
of years surveyor-general of the lumber interests 
of the State — was born m Bangor, Maine, February 14th, 
1836. Educated at the Bangor public schools, at the Law- 
rence Scientific school, Cambridge, and at the Rensselaer 
Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, remaining at the 
latter for three years, he received a thorough training as a 
civil engineer; indeed, during the last two years of his 
course at Troy, he was Assistant Teacher of Mechanical 
Engineering. Shortly after his graduation, in 1857, he 
was appointed Assistant Engineer and placed in charge 
of the western end of Bergen Tunnel, remaining upon 
that important work until its completion. He was then 
engaged to finish the construction of the San Francisco 
Water Works, and under this appointment he built two 
large reservoirs and put up the necessary pumps, one of 
which is one of the highest single lifis — three hundred 
and ten feet through a half mile of pipe — in the country. 
In connection with the water works, he also built an aque- 
duct three thousand feet long, through solid rock, beneath 
the fort on Black Point. This was completed in 1862, and 
for two years thereafter he was engaged as a mining engi- 
neer in Sonora and Mexico. From 1S64 to 1S66 he was 



again professionally engaged in San Francisco. In the 
early part of the latter year he returned to the Atlantic 
coast, and, after some months passed in examining mill 
sites, finally selected property at Woodbridge, and, in part- 
nership with Mr. J. P. Davis, there erected extensive works 
for the manufacture of brick drain-pipe and tile. The works 
as at present e.\isting, having been several times added to 
during the eleven years that they have been in operation, 
comprehend two down-draft kilns (sixteen and a half feet 
in diameter by eleven feel high, and fourteen and a half feet 
in diameter by ten feet high) with all adequate appliances; 
employ a large force of men, and have an out-put during 
the height of the busy season of about one thousand dollars' 
worth of finished pipe, etc., per day. The location is pecu- 
liarly eligible, the property having a frontage of eleven hun- 
dred feet upon Woodbridge creek, and another of six hun- 
dred and fifty feet upon Staten Island Sound ; the latter 
permitting the erection of wharves at which vessels of the 
largest draught can safely lie even at the neap tides. The 
market for the product of the works is mainly found m the 
Eastern States, but a considerable business is also done in 
supplying other portions of the country ; in New York there 
is a very general demand for the Woodbridge hollow bricks 
(used for roofing fire-proof buildings), and the larger por- 
tion of the drainpipe used in Prospect Park, Brooklyn, and 
in the capitol grounds at Washington, came from the Wood- 
bridge factory. Beside the hollow bricks above referred to, 
the firm makes a specialty of a small pipe for under-draining, 
so constructed, with a loose-fitting collar, as to permit the 
entr)' of water at the joints, but effectually barring the entry 
of sand, a very obvious improvement upon the common 
variety. Mr. Boynton has filled various positions of trust 
and honor in Woodbridge, and, having done so much to 
stimulate its business activity, is naturally regarded as one 
of the most useful inhabitants of the town. He was mar- 
ried, December 20th, 1866, to Eunice A. Harriman, of 
Georgetown, Massachusetts. 



UMONT, JOHN F., Lawyer, was bom, November 
nth, 1824, near New Germantown, New Jersey. 
His family is of Huguenot extraction, his ances. 
tors having left France shortly after the massacre 
of St. Bartholomew, though it was not until a» 
late as 17 10 that his ancestors came to this countr)', 
settling on their arrival here in Somerset county. New Jersey. 
His grandfather, William Dumont, served m the revolution- 
ary army, taking part in the battle of Monmouth, and be- 
coming after the war one of the judges of Hunterdon 
county. His maternal grandfather, John Finley, of Am- 
well township, Hunterdon county. New Jersey, was also .1 
revolutionary officer, a commissary. His father, John W. 
Dumont, was a farmer in the vicinity of New Germantown, 
Hunterdon county, from which he removed to Warren 



EIOGRAnilCAL ENCVCLOr.EDIA. 



237 



county, and thence to tl;e Slate of Illinois. The son spent 
the first eighteen years of his life on a farm, attending mean- 
while, as occasion offered, the common school of the neigh- 
horhnod, m which he acquired his early education, and after- 
ward tnught school himself, spending the time not thus 
occupied in study and the education of himself as a self- 
made man. In 1845 he entered the law office of .S. B. 
Ransom, of Somerviile, New Jersey, remaining there till he 
was admitted to the bar in 1849. He practised at New 
Germantown until 1852, when, having been licensed as 
counsellor and appointed Prosecutor of the Pleas for Hun- 
terdon county, he removed to Flemington, where he re- 
mained four years, after which he resigned his office as 
Prosecutor, and in the spring of 1856 removed to Phillips- 
burg, Warren county. New Jersey, at which he still resides. 
His practice is large and valuable. He stands, by common 
consent, at the head of the Phillipsburg bar. He is a law- 
yer such as clients love; tenacious of their rights, zealous 
for their interests, and sure to contest with unflinching 
energy and skill every point in a case. In politics, he is 
a Democrat; was a supporter of the war for the Union. 
He has never suffered political ambition to step between 
him and his profession, having never sought a political office. 
He was married in 1853 to Anna E. Kline, daughter of ihe 
Rev. David Kline, a Lutheran minister, formerly of West 
Camp, Ulster county, New York, now of Clarksville, New 
Jersey. 



REGANOWAN, AMBROSE, A.M., M. D., of 

South Amboy, Middlesex county. New Jersey, 
,^^ was born in Camborne, county of Cornwall, Eng- 
IS^^ 'antl. February 14th, 1836. His parents are John 
CQ^ and Ann Treganowan, of the same county; his 

mother's maiden name was Ann Clymo; she is 
still living. He is the youngest of four children, all sons, 
and, besides this immediate family and their relatives, there 
is not another family of Treganowans, and their pedigree is 
lost, except what is related in some curious and romantic 
traditions. His father died before his recollection. The 
family are largely identified with the mining interests of that 
county, some of its copper ore mines being the most famous 
in the world. The doctor's early education was received 
at a select academy for boys in the town where he resided, 
conducted by one Mr. William Bellows, a Quaker, and a 
former resident of New York city. At the early age of four- 
teen years he commenced his preparation for the medical 
profession, by being indentured for seven years to the cele- 
brated surgeon, Alfred Prideaux, Esq., of Siskeard, about 
forty miles from his native town, in the same county. After 
fulfilling about three years of his articles of engagement, 
however, he grew restive, and evinced a determination to 
go to America. His family, seeing his determination, suc- 
ceed in cancelling his articles of indenture, and equipped 
him with an abundant outfit and the necessary means. He 



left the shores of old England In the year 1S55. from the 
port of Penzance, in the sliip " Marquis of Chandos," Cap- 
tain Colenzo commanding (an old friend of the family), wilh 
a faithful mother's prayer to heaven for the protection of her 
" wayward child." It was not dreamed but that he would 
return again to England in the same ship, after his curiosity 
had been satisfied and the reconciling influences of a year's 
absence from home and its comforts had mollified his rov- 
ing nature. But he left the good old captain and the ship 
on her arrival at New York, and after a few days entered 
the drug store of Eugene Dupy, corner of Houston street 
and Broadway, where he performed the duties of translator 
in the English prescription department. In 1S54 he went 
to Philadelphia, and resumed his regular medical studies, 
under the preceptorshipof Professor James Bryan, Professor 
of Surgery in the Philadelphia College of Medicine, in Fifth 
street, below Walnut. After being in Philadelphia but a 
short time he received letters of introduction from England 
to Professor Dunglison, Professor of Therapeutics and the 
Practice of Medicine in Jefferson Medical College, who had 
known the young student's family in England, and who took 
a deep and earnest interest in his behalf, giving him much 
private instruction and wise counsel, although he was a can- 
didate for the degree of Doctor of Medicine in another col- 
lege. During the years of his study in Philadelphia he 
supported himself, purchased his college tickets and bore 
other expenses attending his studies, by connecting himself 
with the press as reporter, but especially as a stenographic 
reporter, in which he then excelled. Dr. Treganowan 
graduated from the Philadelphia College of Medicine in 
the year 1S57 with honor and high distinction, and com- 
menced his professional career at Beverly, New Jersey, 
meeting with proud success, but was soon compelled to 
abandon that field on account of failing health, his medical 
friends and advisers recommending him to some location 
on the seaboard. He removed to South Amboy in the year 
i860, where he has been actively engaged ever since, com- 
manding a large and responsible practice. His love for his 
chosen profession is very strong, founded on qualifications 
and tastes which characterize him as the "natural physi- 
cian." The doctor's biography may be said to have but just 
commenced. As a general practitioner, he is sound in diag- 
nosis and quick in application; as an obstetrician, he has 
few superiors ; as a surgeon, he is bold and fearless, but few 
men in general practice having a larger experience. The 
doctor has some peculiarities which make him decided ene- 
mies, but his hosts of friends are more than is necessary to 
neutralize this bitter ingredient in the mixture of his daily 
life and duties. A more considerate man of his brother 
physicians' feelings and honor cannot be found ; his honor, 
generosity and forgiving nature cannot be excelled. In 
1S62 he entered the army as Surgeon of the 14th Regiment 
New Jersey Volunteers, and reniained in the service about 
two years. Much of the time he was on detached duty in 
charge of field hospitals in the Army of the Potomac, doinj; 



238 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 



all that a brave man and surgeon could do. In 1S64 his 
heahh failed him, and his resignation from the service be- 
came imperative. After a few weeks rest at home, he again 
began the usual duties of his profession at Amboy. For a 
number of years previous to the lease of the old Camden & 
Amboy Railroad Dr. Treganowan wos a salaried surgeon 
in their employ, which position he still holds in the service 
of the Pennsylvania Central Railroad Company. He is Ex- 
amining Surgeon for most of the important life insurance 
companies for his neighborhood. He is fondly attached to 
the medical society of the county, and has, at various times, 
held all the offices appertaining to that society; has been 
repeatedly a delegate from the State Medical Society of New 
Jersey to other State medical societies ; was appointed dele- 
gate to the American Medical Convention, held in San 
Francisco in 1869, and also to the International Congress, 
held in Philadelphia, June, 1876; is member of the New 
Jersey Microscopical Society, etc., etc. Notwithstanding 
the numerous and arduous duties of his profession as a 
country practitioner, he devotes much time to journalistic 
and other literary pursuits, both for home and foreign pub- 
lication. The true extent of the doctor's labors in this de- 
partment of mental culture is something far beyond the idea 
of his most intimate friends, and little do they and the com- 
munity at large think, whilst enjoying some literary treat, 
that it is from the doctor's pen, as he has always refused to 
identify himself with his writings. Some of his poetic writ- 
ings are of the highest order of thought and expression. 
He is a P. M. member of the ancient order of Freemasons, 
and has written some most beautiful Masonic odes. He 
is also associate editor of the SoiUA Amboy Argus. Dr. 
Treganowan was married in 1855 to Constance Gordon, 
daughter of the late Judge Thomas F. Gordon, the historian 
and legal writer, so well known to the people and the legal 
profession of the United States, and a granddaughter of 
Count Reseau, once an eminent physician of Philadelphia, 
who fled to America, somewhere about the year 1782, dur- 
ing the revolution in France. The doctor is a member of 
the Episcopal Church ; passionately fond of music, himself 
being a good musician. 

./ ~^^ 

JURNET, HON. JACOB, LL. D., was the son of 
Dr. William Burnet the elder, of Newark, New 
Jersey, and the grandson of Dr. Ichabod Burnet, 
a native of .Scotland, who was educated at Edin- 
burgh, removed to America soon after his educa- 
tion was finished, and settled at Elizabethtown, 
New Jersey, where he practised his profession with great 
success as a physician and surgeon until his death, in 1773, 
at the advanced age of eighty. Dr. Willi.am Burnet was 
born in 1730, educated at Nassau Hall during the Presi- 
dency of the Rev. Aaron Burr, and graduated in 1749, 
before- that institution was removed to Princeton. He 
studied medicine under Dr. Staats, of New York, and prac- 



tised it with success until the difficulties with the mother 
country became alarmingly serious, when he took an active 
and leading part in resisting the encroachments of the Brit- 
ish government. He was a member of the Newark Com- 
mittee of Safety, composed of himself. Judge J. Hedden, 
and Major S. Hays, until, in 1776, he was elected a member 
of the Continental Congress. He resigned that position to 
accept an appointment as Surgeon-General of the Eastern 
Division of the American army, which position he filled 
with distinction until the close of the war. Dr. Burnet died 
in 1791, in the sixty-first year of his .age. Jacob B urnet, 
his sixth son, was born in Newark, New Jersey, February 
22d, 1770 ; was educated at Nassau Hall, Princeton, under 
the Presidency of Dr. Witherspoon, and graduated with 
honor in September, 1791. He remained there a year as 
a resident graduate, and then entered the ofiice of Judge 
Boudinot, of Newark, as a student of law, and under that 
distinguished lawyer laid the foundation for his future 
attainments in his profession. He was adndtted to the bar 
by the Supreme Court of the State in the spring of 1796, 
■and proceeded at once to Cincinnati, in the neighborhood 
of which his father had made considerable investments. 
-At that time Cincinnati was a small village of log cabins, 
including about fifteen rough, unfinished frame houses with 
stone chimneys. There was not a brick house in it, and 
only about 150 inhabitants, and the entire white population 
of the Northwestern Territory was estimated at about 
l5,cx>o souls. In 1798 it was ascertained that the Territory 
contained 5,000 white male inhabitants, and was entitled to 
enter upon the second grade of Territorial Government 
provided for under the ordinance of 1787. This provided 
for a General Assembly, consisting of representatives elected 
by the citizens of the Territory, and a Legislative Council 
of tive persons, nominated by the lower House and ap- 
pointed by the President by and with the advice and consent 
of the United States Senate. Judge Burnet was appointed 
by President John Adams a member of the first Legislative 
Council, together with James Findlay, Henry Vanderburgh, 
Robert Oliver and David Vance. He remained a member 
of this body until the organization of the State government 
in 1S02-3. The practice of his profession, which obliged 
him to travel over the whole settled portion of the Territoiy 
as far as Detroit, in Michigan, on the north, and Vincennes, 
in Indiana, enabled him to become acquainted with the 
Territory and the people by personal observation, and in the 
Legislative Council he was al)le to use the information thus 
acquired to good purpose in shaping legislation to meet the 
wants of the rapidly-growing population of the Territory, 
and was himself the ^uthor of most of the important meas- 
ures adopted by the Legislature. When it was proposed to 
go into a State government. Judge Burnet believed the step 
premature and opposed the action, and when the State was 
formed he retired from active participation in politics and 
devoted himself to the practice of his profession. His 
talents, ripe scholarship, and brilliancy as an advocate 



EIOGRAnilCAL ENCVCLOr.EDIA. 



239 



secured for him from the first an extensive and lucrative 
practice, and enabled him to assume and maintain the fore- 
most position at the bar, until, m 1817, he retired from the 
practice of the law. In the year 1 821 he was persuaded to 
accept an appointment by the Governor to the bench of the 
Supreme Court of the State, and was subsequently elected 
by the Legislature to the same place. In 182S he resigned 
his position on the bench and was elected to the United 
States .Senate to fill a v.acancy occasioned by the retirement 
of General Wdliam H. Harrison, and accepted the position 
on the condition that he should not be considered a candi- 
date for re-election, but on the expiration of his term be 
permitted to carry out his long-cherished purpose of retiring 
to private life. His term expired in 1833, and from ih.at 
time until his de.ath, in 1853, .at the advanced .age of eighty- 
three years, he took no further active part in public affairs. 
As a lawyer and legislator Judge Burnet was without doubt 
the most influential and prominent person in the section of 
country he lepiesented and with which his interests were 
identified. Educated amid the stirring scenes of the Revo- 
lution, and the scarcely less stirring scenes connected with 
the discussion and adoption of the Federal Constitution ; 
brought into association with Washington and H.imilton 
and other leaders of the struggle for independence, through 
his father's intimacy with and friendship for them; with 
gre.it natur.al ability united to thorough scholarship, and 
having with it all strong and decided convictions and great 
energy and persistence in enforcing them, he was eminently 
qualified to take the leading part he did in developing the 
resources of the great Northwestern Territory and in shaping 
its institutions. As a lawyer he was the acknowledged 
leader of the bar in the West. Within the period of twenty 
years — which was about the extent of his practice at the bar 
- — few men have been engaged in more important causes or 
with more uniform success. His fame as an advocate was 
coextensive with the West, and the story of his forensic 
efforts is perpetuated in the traditions of his profession. 
About the time also of his appointment to the Supreine 
bench of Ohio he was elected to fill the Professorship of 
Law in the University of Lexington, Virginia, and received 
from that institution the honoraiy degree of Doctor of 
Laws, an honor subsequently conferred upon him also by 
his own Alma Mater, Nassau Hall. It has already been 
stated that while in the Territorial Legislature Judge 
Burnet was the author of most of the necessary legislation. 
During the session of 1 799 alone he prepared and reported 
the following bills : " To regulate the admission and prac- 
tice of attorneys-at-law ; " "to confirm and give force to 
certain laws enacted by the Governor and Judges ; " a bill 
making promissory notes negotiable; a bill to authorize and 
regulate arbitrations ; a bill to regulate the service and re- 
turn of process in certain cases ; a bill establishing courts for 
the trial of small causes ; a bill to prevent trespassing by 
cutting of timber; a bill providing for the appointment of 
constables; a bill defining privileges in certain cases; a bill 



to prevent the introduction of spirituous liquors into certain 
Indian towns; a bill for the appointment of general officers 
in the militia of the Territory; a bill to revise the laws 
adopted or made by the Governors and Judges; a bill for 
the relief of the poor; a bill repealing certain laws or parts 
of laws, and a bill for the punishment of arson. lie was 
also appointed to prepare and report rules for conducting 
the business of the Legislative Council, and an answer to 
the Governor's address to the two Houses at the opening of 
the session. Also to draft a memorial to Congress in be- 
half of purch.asers of land in the Miami country, and a 
complimentary address to the President of the United States. 
After the formation of the State government he succeeded, 
by his researches into the laws of Virginia and his lucid 
demonstration of the same, in settling in favor of the State 
of Ohio the right which Kentucky controverted of arresting 
criminals on the river between the two States. Under the 
system established for the sale of the public domain by the 
law of 1800 and acts supplementary thereto, an immense 
debt was contracted and became due to the government of 
the United States from the people of the West, exceeding 
the entire amount of money in circulation in the West. 
The debt had been accumulating for twenty years, and was 
swelling daily with increasing rapidity. The first emigrants 
to the West, and the greater part of those who followed 
them from time to time, were compelled by necessity to 
purchase on credit, exhausting their means to the last dollar 
in r.aising the first payment on their entries. The debt due 
the government in 1820 at the different Western land offices 
amounted to ^22,000,000, an amount far exceeding the 
ability of the debtors to pay. Thousands of industrious 
men, some of whom had paid one, some two, and some 
three instalments on their lands, and had toiled day and 
night in clearing, enclosing and improving them, became 
convinced that they would be forfeited and their money and 
labor lost. This appalling prospect spread a deep gloom 
over the community, and it was evident that if the govern- 
ment attempted to enforce its claims universal bankruptcy 
would ensue. Serious fears were felt that any attempt on 
the part of the government to enforce its claim would meet 
with resistance, and probably result in civil war. Judge 
Burnet, at this crisis of affairs, gave the matter his most 
earnest attention, with a view of devising a plan of relief, 
and was able to mature and propose a plan which met the 
approval of all the sufferers, and so commended itself to 
Congress and the government that it was speedily adopted. 
The evils threatened were thus averted, and the prosperity 
and rapid settlement of the country greatly promoted. At 
a very early period he recognized the importance to the 
trade and commerce of the West of the unobstructed naviga- 
tion of the Ohio river, and especially the importance to the 
trade of the upper Ohio of removing the obstruction caused 
by the falls in the river at Louisville. He was one of the 
first to advocate the construction of a canal around the falls, 
and was appointed by the State of Indiana one of several 



240 



BIOGRAnilCAL EN'CYCLOr.EDIA. 



commissioners for carrying out this project, in which he 
tooli a warm and active part. Considerable progress was 
made in the work when the rival project of a canal on the 
Kentucky shore was started, which met with more general 
favor. This caused the abandonment of the Indiana canal, 
and the canal on the Kentucky shore was constructed, thus 
removing one of the most serious obstructions to the naviga- 
tion of the upper Ohio. The. construction of a canal from 
the Ohio river, at Cincinnati, to Lake Erie, at Toledo, Ohio, 
thus affording water communication between the commerce 
of the lakes and the Ohio and Mississippi valleys, was an- 
other matter that enlisted his warmest suppoit. Under an 
act of Congress, making a large grant of public land in aid 
of this project, considerable progress was made in the work, 
when it v.as found that certain conditions and restrictions 
in the original grant were such as to greatly embarrass, if 
rot to defeat, the completion of the work, which greatly 
languished and was about to be abandoned. Judge Burnet, 
on taking his place in the Senate, secured the ai^pointment 
of a committee of the Senate to take into consideration the 
modification of the original grant so as to remove its ob- 
jectionable features, and appearing before the committee in 
behalf of the measure. His representations were so eftective 
that he was requested by the committee to draw up a re- 
port embodying the principal facts in support of the claim, 
and also a bill to carry it into effect. The committee pre- 
sented the report and bill, with a recommendation that it 
should pass. It did pass both Houses and became a law 
during the session, and without doubt secured the comple- 
tion of the canal. In the Senate he was the friend and 
associate of Adams, Clay and Webster, and was especially 
the friend and admirer of the latter, with whom he occupied 
a desk in the Senate chamber. When General Haynes, of 
South Carolina, made his celebrated speech on nullification, 
which elicited Mr. Webster's more celebrated reply, Mr. 
Webster was absent from the Senate, and it was remarked 
that in his reply he answered General Haynes' points seria- 
tim, as if he had been present and heard them. Judge 
Burnet, who heard Haynes' speech, took full notes of it 
and gave them to Mr. Welister, who was thus prepared to 
make his reply as if personally present. No one was more 
delighted with Mr. Webster's unanswerable rejoinder than 
the amateur reporter who had assisted to call it forth. With 
the close of his term in the Senate his public career ended. 
In full vigor of mind and body, with brilliant prospects of 
political preferment before him if he would but seek it, he 
chose rather to spend the remainder of his days as a private 
citizen. He was not ambitious of place; he was driven to 
accept office from a sense of duty, and not by ambition. As 
soon as the duly was discharged he returned to private life. 
In the year 1837, at the request of a friend, he wTote a 
series of letters detailing at some length such facts and inci- 
dent.; relating to the early settlement of the Northwestern 
Territory as were within his recollection and were con- 
sidered worth preserving. These letters were laid before 



the Historical Society of Ohio, and ordered tn be printed 
among the transactions of that institution. A few years 
later, at the solicitation of many personal friends, he revised 
and enlarged these letters and put them in a form more con- 
venient for publication, and in 1S47 published his '' Notes 
on the Northwestern Territory," which is a very valuable 
contribution to the history of this region. He was married 
on the second day of January, iSoo, at Marietta, Ohio, to 
Rebecca Wallace, daughter of the Rev. Matthew Wallace, 
a Presbyterian clergyman, with whom he lived in wedlock 
lifty-three years, and who outlived him fourteen years. By 
her he had eleven children, five of whom arrived at matu- 
rity and survived him at his death. In appearance he was 
rather above medium height, erect in form, with animated 
countenance and piercing eyes. I!i.. manners were digni- 
fied and courteous to all. Reared in the school of Wash- 
ington and Hamilton, he had the manners of that age. His 
colloquial powers were uncommonly fine. He expressed 
himself in ordinary conversation with the precision, energy, 
and polish of an accomplished orator. His opinions were 
clear, sharply defined, and held with great tenacity. His 
friendships were ardent and lasting. Time or outward 
changes made with him no difference. lie who once won 
his fjiendship, unless proved to be unworthy, enjoyed it for 
life. It is related of him that when Aaron Burr was in 
Cincinnati seeking to enlist in his treasonable designs as 
many prominent persons as possible, he songht an interview 
with Judge Burnet, who, although unaware of Burr's de- 
signs, yet peremptorily refused to receive him, giving as his 
reason that he would never shake the hand of the murderer 
of Hamilton, his father's friend and his own. In morality 
and integrity he was above suspicion both in his public 
career and in private life. He was a firm believer in the 
truth of Christianity and the inspiration of the Bible ; and 
although a Presbyterian both from conviction and prefer- 
ence, he was far removed from anything like sectarian 
bigotry. Ministers of all denominations were at all times 
welcome and honored guests in his house. On the loth 
of May, 1S53, in his eighty-fourth year, with his mind still 
vigorous, his memory still unimpaired, and his bodily vigor 
such as to give promise of still more advanced old age, he 
died at his home in Cincinnati, of acute disease, after a 
comparatively short illness. 



ENT, JOSEPH CHARLES, of Phillipsburg, Iron 
Manufacturer, was born in Chenango county, New 
York. He is the son of William St. George 
Kent, a merchant of Chenango, who came to this 
country from England. When he was still a 
boy, his father removed to New York city, where 
the son was educated at St. Luke's Classical School, then 
under charge of Professor Patterson. After leaving school 
he was for some lime employed in the office of Mr. Seabury 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOr.EDIA. 



Brewster, a retired merchant of wealth, with extensive in- 
terests ill real estate and stocks demanding his attention. 
Subsequently he studied chemistry with Mr. George Jeffries, 
durin<i his stay with whom he was called upon by his friend, 
Mr. A. S. Hewitt, to go to rhillipsbuig. New Jersey, to 
assist in superintending the manufacture of iron at the 
Cooper Iron Works, named in honor of Peter Cooper, one 
ol the principal members of the Trenton Iron Company, 
which set up the establishment. Accepting this call, he 
went to Phillipsbuig in 1S48, the year in which the furnace 
was completed, and became the Assistant Superintendent, 
successfully applying his knowledge of chemistry to the 
mixing of ores and the general manufacture of iron. On 
the resignation of the General Superintendent, Dr. G. G. 
Palmer, in 1853, he was chosen to succeed him, and has 
since filled the place, although in 1S67 the works changed 
hands and name, being purchased by a Philadelphia com- 
pany, and named Andover Iron Company, after one of the 
principal mines. Since his connection with the works they 
have been greatly enlarged, their present capacity being 
35,000 tons yearly; at the same time they have kept fully 
up with all the modern improvements. The ores used are 
mainly magnetites from Morris county. New Jersey, and 
the iron is of very superior quality. Ascribing to these ad- 
vantages their proper influence, great credit is, nevertheless, 
due to him for the fact that the works have been running 
steadily through all the recent dull period, when so many 
establishments in other places have been forced to close ; 
and this credit the fact itself, indeed, speaking plainly of 
skill, intelligence and fidelity in the management, renders 
in no equivocal way. In politics- he is a Republican, and 
an earnest supporter of the principles of the parly. As a 
man and a citizen he is universally esteemed. He married 
Frances B. Banks, of Pennsylvania. 



£(j.)^fDENHEIMER, WILLIAM HENRY, D. D., 
Bishop of Northern New Jersey, was born in 
Philadelphia, August iith, 1817. He gradualed 
at the University of Pennsylvania in 1835, and at 
the General Theological Seminary of the Protes- 
tant Episcopal Church, in New York, in 1S38. 
In the same year he entered Holy Orders, being ordained 
deacon in the Protestant Episcopal Church. In 1841 he 
received Priest's Orders, and was instituted Rector of Si. 
Peter's Church, Philadelphia. He subsequently became, 
in 1S59, Bishop of New Jersey. On the division of the 
diocese, in 1874, he elected to take charge of Northern 
New Jersey, and established his resideice at Newark. 
Soon after he took a voyage to Europe for the benefit of 
his health, which had become very much impaired. In- 
deed, he IS now (1S77) quite an invalid, owing to fracture 
of the patella of both knees. He is the author of numerous 
works, of which the following are chief; "The Origin and 
31 



Compilation of the Prayer-Book," 1S41; "The Devout 
Churchman's Companion," 1841 ; "The True Catholic no 
Romanist," 1842; "Thoughts on Immersion," 1843; "The 
Young Churchman's Catechism," 1S44; " Ringelburgius on 
Study;" " Bisliop White's Opinions," 1S46 ; "Essay on 
Canon Law," 1847; "The Clergyman's Assistant in 
Reading the Liturgy," 1847; "The I'rivate Prayer-Book," 
1851; "Jerusalem and its Vicinity ;"' a series of familiar 
lectures (eighl) on the sacred localities connected with tlie 
week before the resurrection, 1S55. In this last work he 
gives the results of his meditations among the holy places 
during a visit to Jerusalem in 1851-52. It is a most valu- 
able book, and deeply interesting to the devout Christian. 
Bishop Odenheimer has confirmed, during the seventeen 
years since his consecration, 17,277 persons. 



o/v- 



9 



ARRON FAMILY, Woodbridge. Among the 
earliest settlers in New Jersey was Ellis Barron, 
one of a party of English emigrants reaching this 
country about 1690. Making his home at Wood, 
bridge (now in Middlesex county) he married a 
daughter of Ephraim Andrews, and from this 
union the present large family is descended. In 1714 Mr, 
Barron, according to the early records, agreed to build a 
church for the settlers for one hundred pounds. The con- 
tract was broken after he had expended eighty pounds on 
stones and timber (see " Daily's History"). Ephraim An- 
drews was included in 1673 among the original freeholders 
to whom the patent for the town was granted in 1670; he 
served in 1679-81, and again in 1693, as an officer of the 
township court, and was a Deputy to the General Assembly 
in 1687. Both founders of the Barron line in this country 
were therefore intimately associated with the early history 
of the New Jersey colony. Samuel, the only male child 
issue of this marriage, of whose birth record exists, was 
born in Woodbridge in 171 1. He seems to have received 
a good education for that early day, the public school facili- 
ties of the town being quite remarkable, the second .school 
of the kind established in the State being provided for here j 
the first was at Newark. Inheriting a considciMlile property 
from his father, he showed great energy and enterprise in 
adding to it. He raised a large faniily, handsomely pro- 
viding for all his children. In 1774, as shown by the town 
records, he was appointed Chairman of the Committee of 
Freeholders, He died at Woodbridge in iSoi, and in his 
will — a long and curious document — after disposing of two 
farms, three houses, a tan-yard and buildings thereof, ccr- 
t.ain freehold rights, etc., he bequeaths his four slaves — 
Benjamin, Brister, Sharper and Cornelius. Woodiiridgo 
seems, indeed, to have been rather a slave-holding place, 
for, nine years later, 230 slaves are included in a census of 
the town, and even so recently as 1840 there were seven 
slaves owned within the township limits, vvbiie one was in 



EIOGRAP.ilCAL E.XCVCLOP.EDIA. 



the possession of the B.irron family so lale as 1859, sup- 
ported by ihem in his old age as the law of the Stale re- 
quired. Samuel Barron was twice married; by his first 
wife, Elizabeth, he had three sons and two daughters — 
Ellis (commissioned a Captain in the 1st Middlesex Regi- 
ment of the Continental army, January lOlh, 1776), Mary, 
John and Samuel. By his second wife, Johannah, he 
had one son, Joseph. Ellis married Sarah Stone ; Mary 
married Jonathan Clawson (ihe grandparents of the Lite 
well-known Judge Clawson, of Staten island) ; John m.ir- 
ried Nancy Coddington (having issue, Samuel and John E., 
late prominent citizens of Woodbridge, and Johanna, now- 
living) ; Samuel studied medicine, and to complete his 
studies sailed for Europe in the " very fine East Iiuliaman, 
Grand Duke of Russia," as stated by him in a leller to hi> 
father, dated, "Off Sandy Hook, September 3d, 17S0," He 
never returned. It is thought that he lost his life in the 
English service on the Mediterranean. Joseph remained in 
Woodbridge and became one of its most prominent citizens, 
a deacon in the church and a man stirring in business 
affairs. In his generation Woodbridge was one of the 
most important towns in east New Jersey. Standing upon 
the old king's road between Philadelphia and New York, 
the Elm Tree Inn was a famous stopping-place, and Wood- 
bridge was honored by the reflected glory of its excellent 
hostelrie. Washington — that most persistent sleeper, the 
rival of the seven of Ephesus — is reported to have slept 
there on his way to New York to be inaugurated President. 
Concerning several of the early Presidents, and various dis- 
tinguished statesmen and soldiers, a similar legend obtains ; 
and it is matter of undoubted historic fact, that President 
Adams, on his way to Washington to take the oath of office, 
did, indeed, pass a night beneath the rustling branches of 
the great elm tree. As a means of increasing and facilitat- 
ing travel, the king's road was turnpiked, and among the 
prime movers in this enterprise, as well as one of the 
original incorporators, and subsequently President and 
Treasurer of the Woodbridge Turnpike Company, was Jo- 
seph Barron. Turnpike building was then as active an in 
terest as canal building was some few years later, or as 
railroad building is now, and in various works of this char- 
acter he invested very considerable sums of money. 
Toward the close of his career he w.as prominent in urging 
before and getting passed by the New York Legislature a 
l>iU providing for the erection of a bridge across Staten 
Idand Sound at Blazing Star, and although the bill was de- 
feated in the New Jersey Legislature, there is no doubt but 
that the bridge would have been built, had not railways 
come into existence, and a specific scheme for laying a line 
of metals from Jersey City to New Brunswick rendered the 
bridge project of none effect. But the invention of rail- 
ways did something more than kill the bridge at Blazing 
Star ; it distracted the line of travel that for so long had 
flowed past the Elm Tree Inn, and left Woodbridge village 
■stranded far beyond the high water mark of travel. Joseph 



Barron did not live to see the decline of his native town ; 
the " Sessions Book" of the old Woodbridge church says, 
Deacon Barron died July 4th, 1831, greatly lamented as 
a citizen and a useful member of the church." He married 
Fanny, daughter of Thomas Brown, of Woodbridge, an ex- 
cellent woman, who survived him by more than a quarter of 
a century, her death occurring in October, 1857, in her ninety- 
second year. Ten children were the issue of this marriage : 
Samuel, Thomas, John, Rebecca, Joseph, Fanny, Johannah, 
Christian, Mary and Jane, (i) Samuel married Rebecca 
White, having issue, Harvey and Maria ; Harvey married 
and left one son, Harvey; Maria died single; Samuel died 
in his twenty-seventh year. (2) Thomas, the founder of the 
Barron Library at Woodbridge, was born June loth, 1790. 
dying unmarried, August 31st, 1875. (3) John was bom 
October i8th, 1792; he married, June i6ih, 1824, Mary, 
daughter of Colonel Richard Conner, of Staten Island, hav- 
ing issue, Frances M., John C, and Maria L. Frances 
mnrried John 11. Campbell, and is now living, a widow, at 
Woodbridge; John C. married Harriet M., daughter of 
Rev. Albert Williams, of San Francisco, California, and is 
now living in New York ; Maria married Charles D. 
Fredericks, Esq., of New York. (4) Rebecca died in 
early life. (5) Joseph married Charity, daughter of Abel 
Clarkson, Esq., having issue three children, only one of 
whom, Joseph, is now living. (6) Frances married twice: 
first to H. Woodruff, second to I. S. Jaques, having by her 
second husband several children. She is now a widow. 
(7) Johannah married Dr. Charles Y<ning, dying without 
issue. (8) Christian died in early life. (9) Mary, now 
dead, married Jared Woodhull, having issue one child, 
now married to J.ames P. Edgar, and resident at Wood- 
bridge. (10) Jane married Josiah Doremus, of Newark, 
New Jersey, dying without issue. In the town of Wood- 
bridge, the real est.ite granted with freehold rights to Ellis 
Barron nearly two hundred years ago, still remains in the 
possession of his descendants. The Episcopal rectory, pur- 
chased from the executors of the lale Samuel Barron, has 
the original walls of Holland brick as when built and occu- 
pied by the first Samuel Barron in the early part of the 
eighteenth century, the first house built of brick in New 
Jersey. The fine old seat now known as the Barron 
homestead, and owned by Dr. John C. Barron, was the 
property of Joseph Barron, the grandfather of the present 
owner. The mansion was erected and the grounds laid out 
by him about iSoo. The Barron Library, a handsome 
memorial building of Belleville brown stone, appropriately 
stands upon a corner of this property, having been built 
from an endowment fund of ^50,000 bequeathed by the 
late Thomas Barron. In this and many other directions the 
influence of the Barron family upon the town and neighbor- 
hood of Woodbridge has always been beneficial, being 
steadily cast in favor of the development of its resources 
and the advancement of the social condition of its popu- 
lation. 



IB^w^ 





/--^-^z^ c-^ 



-1^'-^ 



/ 



BIOGRArillCAL EXCVCL01\EDIA. 



243 



^ARRON, THOMAS, second son of Joseph and 
Fanny (Brown) Barron, was Imrn in Wood 
bridge, June loth, 1790. Receiving a common- 
school education, he became at the age of four- 
teen years a clerk in his father's store, and 
rapidly developed a prodijious aptitude for busi- 
ness. In a very short time he was intrusted by his father 
with commissions to buy and sell in New York, and in the 
execution of his trusts his sagacity and youth frequently ex- 
cited the favorable comment of the merclianis with whom he 
dealt. When nineteen years old he was admitted as a 
partner into his father's business, continuing as such during 
the ensuing five years. At the beginning of this period he 
was fired by a desire to fit out a trading boat on the head- 
waters of the Mississippi and trade down to New Orleans; 
and although, at the urgent solicitation of his parents, he 
abandoned this scheme, it is worthy of note, inasmuch as it 
points to the fact that even then his regard was fixed upon 
the commercial possibilities of the Southwest. For a 
man of his mercantile ability, the narrow range of a country 
store was, of course, far too limited ; and although he gave 
over his trading project, his eventual departure from Wood- 
bridge to one or other of the great commercial centres was 
a patent necessity. In 1814, being then twenty-four years 
old, he took up his abode in New York. Afler being for a 
short time a partner in the house of J. C. Marsh & Co., he 
entered the firm of Laing & Randolph, then one of the lead- 
ing houses in the West India trade. He made two voyages 
to the West Indies, and it is probable that these tended to 
strengthen his belief in the business opportunities then af- 
forded by the Southwest. Be this as it may, in the spring 
of 1817 (or 1818) he dissolved his connection with Laing & 
Randolph, formed a partnei-ship with J. I. Coddington, .and 
emb.arked, in the fall of the same year, in business in New- 
Orleans. The success of the firm fully justified his highest 
expectations, and was mainly due to his own individual 
sagacity .and foresight ; realizing this fact, at the end of five 
ye.ars he purchased, for ^50,000, his partner's interest, and 
thereafter conducted the business singly and to his single 
profit. The house of Thomas Barron & Co. became, during 
the twenty years of its existence, one of the best known and 
most highly respected in the entire southern country. Its 
agencies extended from Georgia and Florida to the head- 
waters of the Mississippi, and thence south again to Texas, 
and its representatives were in London, Liverpool and New 
York. It was the boast of the head of the house that he 
had never refused to pay a just debt, and that never, during 
his entire business career, had one of his notes gone to pro- 
test. In the business community he was regarded as a man 
of exceptional quickness of perception and of rarely sound 
judgment, and he was constantly solicited to accept posi- 
tions of public trust and honor. These, almost uniformly, 
he declined. In New Orleans he was a Director of the 
Louisiana branch of the United States Bank, and later, in 
New York, he accepted a few corporation offices ; but his 



desire ever was to avoid offices of every sort. In 1S27, 
having amassed a handsome competence, he wululrew from 
active business life, delegating the greater p(jrtion of the 
conduct of the firm to his junior partners, and spending his 
summers in the North. A few years later he entirely sev- 
ered his business connections, and thereafter led a <iuiet, 
honorable life, devoted to unostentatious philanthrujiy, to 
study, and to his favorite sport of fishing. For a man of his 
originally limited education and subsequent mercantile 
habit of life, the extent and character of the studious tenden- 
cies which he developed in later years were quite remarka- 
ble. History, geography and natural history were for many 
years his favorite fields of research, but during the last 
decade of his life these were to a great extent supplanted by 
astronomy; during this period the books which he most 
constantly read were the works of Herschel and Humboldt. 
Outside of professedly scientific circles, there were few men 
lietter read than was he, and few were better able to ar- 
range and utilize their mental acquisitions. Natur.illy his 
disposition towards subjects of this nature brought him into 
contact with the reading and thinking men of the d.iy, and 
led to his election to membership in various of the le.irned 
societies. For many years he was a member of the New 
York Historical Society, being during the latter portion of 
his life one of the oldest seven members who, under the so- 
ciety's constitution, nominate the candidates for oflice. He 
was also a Fellow of the American Geographical .Society 
and of the American Museum of Natural Histoiy, a corre- 
sponding member of the New Jersey Historical Society, etc. 
Although rarely writing for publication, he was a volumi- 
nous writer for his own entertainment and edification. For 
upwards of thirty years he kept a daily journal, and beside 
this, numerous commonplace books, in which he noted, 
with comments, matters or events which seemed to him par- 
ticularly interesting. His thorough business training was 
manifested in his keeping, almost to the day of his death, 
his private accounts in a full set of double entry books. 
Perhaps in no better way can a comprehensive presentment 
of his character be given than by reproducing bodily the 
following letter (written under dale of New York, Septem- 
ber 2d, 1875) 'o Dr. John C. Barron, by William P.tt 
Palmer, Esq. : " It is with the sincerest regret that my state 
of health and the imperative commands of my physician pre- 
vent a detail of such reminiscences of your late uncle as the 
excellence of his character calls for from one of his oldest 
friends. A wise moralist has said that the life of the hum- 
blest person, truthfully written, would be interesting to 
every thoughtful reader; how much more so, then, must be 
the memoir of one so truly noble as was your venerable 
uncle! I have known many able and honored men, but 
few whom I have loved with ever growing affection. Your 
uncle was one of these rare few, and while I live his mem- 
ory will live in my heart with the dearest of its lost idols. 
Our acquaintance began in 1S35, not long after his return 
from New Orleans, whither he had gone, a mere youth. 



344 



BIOGKAPMICAL ENCVCLOr.EDIA. 



early in the present century, where he hnd remained, 
without once returning to his northern home, until he hail 
won the modest fortune which satisfied his largest wishes. 
r.y his quiet persistence in the path of duty and honor, the 
young str,anger gained the respect and confidence al ke of 
jnerchants and planters in that strange conmuMiity of alien 
lilliilS and alien languages, often visited by pestilence and 
always liable to scenes of violence and bloodshed. Under 
all the circumstances of time and place his courage and per- 
severance were simply wonderful, and justly merited the 
s iccess which a citizen to the manor born could hardly have 
expected, however favored by nature or local advantages. 
Returning to New York he took a large house on St. John's 
r.irk, mainly to gratify, as was said, an art loving friend, 
whose pictured treasures required a breadth of mural ac- 
commodation quite beyond their owner's means to supjily. 
Here the two friends lived for some time, and when the 
friendly partnership came to an end, your nncle bought the 
nnxlest houses in Walker street, near Broadway, in one of 
which he resided for many years, until his final removal to 
AV.ishingion Place, where you subsequently became his- 
chosen companion. From our earliest acquaintance in 1835, 
your uncle was accustomed to visit our office almost'daily, 
where he met congenial friends whose intercourse was like 
that of brothers. He almost always came to my desk for a 
little friendly chat about business or other matters in *hich 
he felt a personal interest. If I kiiewof any one needing 
assistance, he took it as a favor to be informed of the case 
and be allowed to share in its alleviation. He-took a very 
great interest in the late civil war from' its inception. The 
firing on Sumpter shocked him exceedingly, for no man 
Lived his country more dearly or more dearly saw the in- 
evitable horrors to follow the dreadful collision. Knowing 
the Southern people well, and the vast means and the stern 
patriotism of the North, he never doubted the final issue of 
the contest. He was very earnest in his support of the 
Sanitary Commission, and when General Grant told the 
country he could end the war with less expense of blood 
and treasure if he could have another prompt reinforcement 
of the armies, your uncle made instant inquiry where re- 
cruits could possibly be had, and despatched two to head- 
quarters at a heavy cost. Long at'ter, when an agent of the 
State offered to reimburse a part of the expense, he refused 
to listen to the proposal, feeling amply repaid with the con- 
sciousness that he had but done his duty. He had already 
contrdiuted largely towards the equipment and comfort of 
several New York rrg'inents. Since" the' close of the 
dreadful struggle he has largely aided the Military Post 
Library Association in the effort to furnish the frontier gar- 
risons of our scattered soldiers with reading matter most 
appropriate to their mental and moral needs. I bad only to 
suggest some object worthy of his charitable regard, to enlist 
his pi-ompt and generous action. There was a daily beauty in 
his life through all the years of our long acquaintance. To 
see him anywhere, at home or abroad, to listen to his kindly 



greeting, and feel the Warm pressure of his friendly hand, 
was hUe a benediction. The charm of his character was its 
evident sincerity. You always knew that his interest in 
any person or cause was of the heart. The gentle honest 
eyes nv.'.de that clear at a glance. I think his temper was 
n.ilur.illy (juick and strong, but I never saw him for a mo- 
ment mastered by it. A cheerful serenity was his habitual 
nianil'estalion, no matter how disturbing were the circum- 
stances ndiich tested its equability. When the box containing 
the ciiicf securities of his large fortune had been stolen from 
the custody of his aged friend, the only impatience I saw 
hiin manifest was not so much on account of the lost treasure 
as of his friend's shamefaced hesitation in disclosing the 
alarming news to him. And when, after long months of 
costly detective searches and the friendly offices of his old 
correspomlents, Messrs. Baring Brothers, of London, the 
'ost box was finally restored to him with its hundreds of 
thousands uninjured, save by the elements to which the 
robbers had been obliged to expose them in their hurried 
evasions at home and abroad, his chief gratification seemed 
to be not the recovery of the treasure, but the kind remem- 
brance and imsoliciled interest of the friends beyond the sea, 
whom he had never seen. Not that he did not justly value the 
recovery of the stolen property, but that he recognized in those 
efloits the higher and nobler v.alue of human friendship and 
integrity. As the traits of your uncle's character rise before 
liiy failing sight, I feel truly grateful that memory has made 
them a part of my very being. His bodily presence for so 
many years was 4 blessing that even death cannot take 
from liie. It made the world lighter to my eyes for forty 
years, and though it.be now withdrawn forever, the charms 
of its twilight beauty will go with me to the end of my days. 
The manes of such a man as he are not alone to abide 
where his 4uortal relics are laid to rest ; but as living mem- 
ories their real dwelling place is in the human hearts made 
grateful for the teachings, the examples, and the loving- 
kindnesses of the dear ones they are never more to see on 
earth. But we will not, my dear friend, despair of again 
seeing that beloved face in some happier sphere, clothed 
with immortality and beaming with tenderest welcome. In 
that fond hope I remain ever, faithfully yours." Thomas 
Barron died August 31st, 1875, l*"' '''^ S"°'^ 'hat he did 
lives after him. His will was munificent in its bequests : 
to the New York Historical Society, ^10,000; to the New 
Jersey Historical Society, $5,000, and his portrait by 
Durand; to the New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, Juvenile 
Asylum, Association for Improving the Condition of the 
Poor, American Female Guardian Society, and Home for 
the Friendless, 85,000 each, and for the found.ation of a 
public library in his native town of Woodbridge, $50,000. 
This last and most generous bequest has assured a worthy 
monument to the donor, his most enduring as well as most 
fitting memorial being the Barron Library. As has been 
already slated, the lihr.ary building stands upon a portion of 
the old Barron property, and is not less an ornament than 




U^^hyn^a'i\ 



rr^^ 




^<itr,' Ptii. (-V F^>'^" ' 



BIOGRAPHICAL EN'CVCLOP.KDIA. 



245 



a substantial benefit to the town. It is built of Belleville 
brown stone, from designs submitted, in competition, by the 
well-known architect of New York, J. C. Cady. It is 44 
feet square, with a height of 38 feel from the ground-floor 
to the roof-peak ; a tower, abutting from the main front, is 
surmounted by a steeple, the whole having a height of 81 
feet. The interior is divided into a book room 40 by 20 
feet; a reading room, 20 by 23.6 ; a trustees' room, 13 by 
6.8 ; a hall, 8 by 9, and a vestibule, 8.6 by 8.6 ; all of the 
ceilings have a height of 28 feet. The arrangement and 
fittings of the several rooms are in accordance with the 
latest improvements in library architecture and furniture, and 
the collection of books is already large and fairly repre- 
sentative of the classes of light and solid literature com- 
monly in demand. Such a creation as this library cannot 
be too highly valued, for, apart from all consideration of 
present pleasure and profit, its existence cannot but have a 
sure and an exalting influence upon the moral tone of the 
town in all future time. Had the sole result of Thomas 
Barron's life been the foundation of the Barron Library, his 
life would have been well ended, and his fortune would 
not have been gatheicd m vain. 



JARRON, JOHN, third son of Joseph and Fanny 
(Brown) Barron, was burn at Woodbridge, in 
the family homestead, October i8th, 1792. His 
education was mainly obtained in his native 
place, being finished by attendance upon lectures 
in New York whilst passing two years in that 
city (in 1809-11) learning the trade of cabinet-making. 
Upon his return to Woodbridge he built a large manufactory, 
and made preparations for carrying on his trade upon an 
extensive scale. Ilis venture was in advance of the times, 
and unable to dispose of his wares near at home, he sought 
a market for them in New Orleans, having some knowledge 
of this city from his brother Thomas, who had been resi- 
dent there for several years. Going south by sea, he was 
fairly successful in his sales, and these being completed he 
returned to the North by the circuitous stage and post route 
then existing. The journey was paitly one of pleasure, 
partly one of business, and in both respects was satisfactory 
in its results. The limited demand in his immediate 
neighborhood for cabinet ware, and his own failing health, 
induced him to abandon his manufactory and enter upon a 
freer, more outdoor life. To this end he purchased a farm 
on the then outskirts of Woodbridge, and in agricultural 
pursuits he passed the remainder of his days. Until 1S58 
the farm remained as when he cu'tivated it, but since then, 
in common with other outlying jxirtions of Woodbridge, it 
has undergone an entire change. Barron avenue divides 
it, the Congregational church stands upon land that formed 
a portion of it, and a large section, rurchased by the Hon. 



Charles A. Campbell, has been covered with handsome 
buildings. In politics, as in everything else, John Barnm 
was a man of decided opinions. An old-line Whig, he 
spoke out his views with no uncertain voice, and in warmly 
contested elections his influence was always an important 
factor in the success of the Whig ticket in Middlesex. In 
the Polk-Tyler campaign he was especially active, his enerj;y 
having a very considerable influence upon the vote in his 
section of the State. Being much depressed by the loss of 
his wife in 1 85 1, his feeble health grew feebler day by d.vy 
till his death, which occurred October i6ih, 1853. 



ARRON, JOHN C, M. D., New York, son of 
John and Mary (Conner) Barron, was born in 
Woodbridge, November 2d, 1837. After receiv- 
ing preliminary education at a select school in his 
native town, he entered Burlington College, 
at Burlington, New Jersey, the institution being 
at that time under the rectorship of the Rt. Rev. George 
W. Doane, D. D., bishop of the diocese of New Jersey. 
In 1S58 he passed hence to Yale College, studying in the 
scientific department, and at the same time attending lectures 
in the eminent private school of Drs. Jewett, Hooker and 
Knight. In i860 he entered the College of Physicians and 
Surgeons, New Y'ork, graduating thence in 1861. In 
April of that year, immediately upon receiving his degree, 
he entered the United States Volunteer Army as an As- 
sistant Surgeon, being passed by the Board of Army Medi- 
cal Examiners, sitting at Albany, and assigned to the 
Mechanics Rifles. This position was declined on account 
of being tendered the Assistant Surgeoncy of the 69th New 
York Regiment, then in the field. This regiment was 
among the foremost to offer their services to the general 
government early in 1861. Dr. Barron, immediately upon 
his appointment, with a detachment of the regiment, pro- 
ceeded to Washington, and was sworn into the service of 
the United States, going at once to active work with the 
regiment, then the advance-guard in Virginia, and as stated 
in the publications of the day, " showing his devotion to the 
cause by donating one thousand dollars for medical supplies, 
etc., to the hospital department." The 69th saw much ser- 
vice, being at Blackburn's Ford, and at the first Bull Run 
battles, at the latter losing in killed and wounded nearly 
two hundred men. He held his commission until the fol- 
lowing August. In June, 1863, he re-entered the army, 
being assigned Assistant Surgeon of the 7th New York 
Reijiment, N. G. S. N. Y., and serving with the reser\'es 
called out in 1863 to repel the advance of Lee. In July, 
1869, he was promoted to the Surgeoncy. In June, 1871, 
he resigned from the regiment and was appointed Surgeon- 
General of the 1st Division, N. G. S. N. Y., with the rank 
of Colonel, on the staff' of Major-tleneral Alexander Shaler. 
He was married, June 23d, 1869, to Harriet M., daughter 



246 



BIOGRAnilCAL EXCYCLOP.EDIA. 



of Rev. Albert William';, of San Francisco, California. 
After spending a year in Europe, including an extended 
tour of the eastern countries and a trip of seven hundred 
mdes up the river Nile, he returned and settled in New 
York city, where he now resides. 

' I ILLIAMS, REV. ALBERT, Minister in the Pres- 
byterian Church. Among the earliest settlers of 
New England, in 1629, was Robert Williams, 
" the ancestor of the Williams family in America," 
and one of the founders of the town of Roxbury, 
Massachusetts. Thence a branch of the family 
removed to Connecticut, and from that colony came to New 
Jersey, as one of the first settlers of the town of Newark, the 
ancestor of the subject of the present sketch. Of the suc- 
ceeding generation, his great-grandfather, Samuel Williams, 
was born in 1714, in that part of Newark now the city of 
Orange. After his marriage to Mary Harrison, of the sani' 
place, he entered upon lands in what is now West Orange, 
securing the titles of the aborigines and New Jersey pro- 
prietors. In the course of time he became possessed of a 
large landed estate, embracing some hundreds of acres. 
His death occurred, April 2d, lSl2, in the ninety-ninth 
year of his age. In a memorial published at the time, in 
the Nnoark Sentinel of Freedom, among other personal 
notices, honorable testmiony to his worth was borne in the 
following tribute : " He retained in a remarkable degree 
the use of his mental faculties to the last. In the relations 
of husband, parent and neighbor, he discharged his duty 
with great fidelity. Throughout his life he uniformly ex- 
pressed a high respect for the institutions of our holy re- 
ligion, and was always a cheerful and generous supporter 
of the gospel. As long as any live who knew him he will 
be affectionately remembered." In the line of descent now 
traced was his son Jonathan, who inherited a goodly por- 
tion of the estate adjoining the homestead, whose only son, 
Nathan, as the chief heir, succeeded to him in his landed 
possessions. Upon these paternal acres members of this 
venerable family are now living, represented in the sixth 
generation. The worth of good citizenship and the virtues 
of quiet rural life, with an almost exceptional feature of 
longevity, are special tr.iits and distinctions belonging to 
the successive generations of this family. Albert, the 
subject of the present memoir, the son of Nathan and Cath- 
arine Wade Williams, was born, April 29th, 1J09. Early 
intended for a liberal education, his preparatory instruction 
was shaped to that end, his final elementary studies being 
pursued in the grammar school of Mr. Calvin S. Crane, 
Caldwell, and in the Bloomfield Academy, presided over 
by the Rev. Amzi Armstrong, D. D., and the Rev. Albert 
Pierson. Entering Princeton College, he w.as graduated in 
that institution in the class of 1S29. Ilis professional train- 
ing was obtained in the Theological Seminary of Princeton. 



He was licensed to preach the gospel in October, 1S32, by 
the Presbytery of Newark; and in October, 1S34, was or- 
dained to the gospel ministry by the same presbytery, being 
sent under the appointment of the American Seamen's Friend 
Society, as a Chaplain to seamen in the port of Mobile. 
Four years were spent in this service, during the first year 
of which period he caused the formation of the Mobile Port 
Society, thus relieving the parent society of the e-xpense of 
the chaplaincy. On the 6th of September, 1S37, Mr. Wil- 
liams was married to Mary Parker Havens, daughter of 
Henry B. Havens, Esq., of Sag Harbor, New York. Three 
children, Henry Wade, Harriet Mulford and Albert, were 
born to them. In November, 1838, Mr. Williams was 
called to the pastorate of the Presbyterian Church of Clin- 
ton, Hunterdon county. New Jersey. At that time the 
congregation was small, but under his ministry many fam- 
ilies were attracted to it, and from being a recipient of 
missionary aid it became self-supporting and prosperous. 
Having completed a period of ten years in this relation, he 
tendered his resignation and obtained his release. About 
this time the movement to California, consequent upon the 
gold discovery, commenced. More from the solicitation 
of others than his own original promptings, under the im- 
pression that where the world goes the church should go, 
Mr. Williams decided to throw himself into the new field 
of Christian enterprise then opening up in California. 
Accordingly, on the 5th of February, 1849, as one of the 
second company of pioneers, via the new steamship mail 
route across the Isthmus of Panama, he sailed from New 
York in the steamer " Crescent City," for Chagres, New 
Grenada. Spending four weeks in Panama, waiting for the 
arrival of the steamer " Oregon," from New York via Cape 
Horn, on the 13th of March he sailed on board that ship 
for San Francisco, where he arrived on the 1st day of April. 
He found in San Francisco a population, transient and more 
or less permanent, of between 3,000 and 4,000. In that 
city, as throughout California, the theme, excitement and 
business were centred in the acquisition of gold. The 
government of the country was still of the old Mexican 
regime, as stipulated in the treaty of Guadaloupe-Hidalgo. 
No church or other social organization had been formed to 
embody the ideas of American civilization. Religious ser- 
vices had been held, but no formal church organization of 
ihe Protestant order had been effected. Among the fellow- 
passengers of Mr. Williams in the "Oregon" were a num- 
lier of gentlemen, between whom and himself a warm and 
attached friendship was formed. Before their arrival at 
San Francisco the organiz.ation of a church in that city w.as 
projected. With the encouragement and co-operation of 
these gentlemen, and others who had been longer in the 
city, Mr. Williams, hindered by unavoidable delays from 
an earlier beginning, on the second Sunday of May com 
nienced holding a religious sen'ice in the public school 
house, and on the following Sunday, May 20th, he organ- 
ized the First Presbyterian Church ot San Francisco, the 



BIOGRArillCAL ENCVCLOP.tDIA. 



247 



first Proleslant church of iHat city, and at the present lime 
the oldest m California. Smgulaily fortunate in the excel- 
lent character of the membership ol his church and congre- 
gation, he was also greatly aided by their prominent social 
position in its subsequent growth and prosperity. Having 
the advantage ol being the first in the order o( time, it is 
onljidue to fact to say, that owing to this circumstance and 
other favorable influences the First Presbyterian Church of 
San Francisco, mother of Presbyterian churches in that city 
and its vicinity, continued to be for years the leading 
Protestant religious society; and although not the tirst to 
erect a church edifice, yet it was the first to build one pos- 
sessing a characteristic and imposing ecclesiastical archi- 
tecture. While bestowing a careful attention upon the 
interests of his immediate pastoral charge, he was not con- 
tent to confine his influence within that sphere. Accord- 
ingly he assisted, and in not a few instances led, in the 
various measures for either relief or a.v.elioration in the 
body politic. Not as a politician, but as a friend of good 
order and social improvement, he gave freely his advice to 
those who in '49 were shaping the formation of the muni- 
cipal and State governments, and especially in behalf of the 
interests of public education. In (he more direct line of 
lienevolence, ht was prominent in the formation, in '49, 
of the Bible, Tract, Temperance, Benevolent, and .Seamen's 
Friend Societies, which thus early were brought into efii- 
cient operation. It is to the First Presbyterian Church, 
through its pastor and the ladies of his congregation, that 
the establishment, in February, 1851, of the noble institu- 
tion of the Ladies' Protestant Orphan Asylum, of San Fran- 
cisco. IS chiefly due. In 1S52 the pastor, together with W. 
AV. Caldwell. E-q., senior ruling elder of the First Presby- 
terian Church, by correspondence, induced the Presbyterian 
Board of Foreign Missions to establish the Presbyterian 
Chinese Mission of San FYancisco, the First Church con- 
tributing largely to the erection of its mission house. In a 
similar exercise of public spirit Mr. Williams was ever 
gratified, when his friends and parishioners bestowed their 
chanties upon worthy objects for the general good, and 
particularly in church building and church e.xtension. Not 
to say in general, in those early days there was a series of 
public movements which enlisted more or less his interest ; 
there were also at intervals special events involving a more 
intense agitation, in reference to which he could not remain 
indifferent. Such were the exciting scenes of the " Hounds' " 
outrages in 1849, ^^<^ afflictive visitation of cholera in 1850 
and 1851, and the irruption of crime, calling for the inter- 
position of the Vigilance Committee of 1851. Wh.at with 
the ordinary routine of pastoral duties, these extra occasions 
imposed a burden of severe and exhausting labor, too great 
to be borne. Without cessation, without relaxation, with- 
out any vacation to break the force of oppressive cares, 
which may be safely regarded as fourfold, it is not strange 
th.at the pastor's health gave way in a serious indisposition. 
This failure of health began to show itself in 1853. And 



still he continued at his post and in the discharge of his 
constantly recurring duties until the autumn of 1854, when, 
by his own convictions and medical advice as well, he 
sought and obtained relief by the resignaliun of his iiastor- 
ate, which had continued through a ))eriod of five and a 
half years, on October 8th, 1S54. The sympathy and re- 
spect for the retiring pioneer jiastor, not only of his congre- 
gation, but also of the community in general, were shown 
in numerous notices and letters, called forth by this chan"e 
of relation. A committee of the congregation, addressing 
him by letter, said :....'• In acceding to your request 
for a dissolution of the pastoral relation, the parish had no 
fear that their action, under the circumstances, would be 
misconstrued to indicate any want of respect and afl'ection- 
ate regard for you, or any foigetlulness of your long, ardu- 
ous, faithful and successful efforts in behalf of their church, 
and of Christian education in the city. They knew that, as 
the first and only pastor of the eaily established and first 
Protestant church in San Francisco, your consistent Chris- 
tian character, your devotion to your high and responsible 
office, your zeal, energy, and successful labor were too 
widely known and well appreciated to allow, either m ibe 
parish or out of it, a thought that your attachment to the 
church with which you had so long been ideniified h..il 
grown cold, or that the church had lost its affectionate re- 
gard for you. But with this the parish was not satisfied : 
tliey were unwilling that the pastoral relation should be 
dissolved without a direct communication of the kind and 
friendly feelings entertained towards you by them ; of tluir 
sense of obligation to you, under Providence, for the estab- 
lishment of their church, and its continuance during all the 
vicissitudes and embarrassments of our cily, and without a 
hearty assurance of their respect and earnest good wishes 

for the future Though you cease to be the pastor 

of the First Presbyterian Church of San Francisco, it will 
never be forgotten that you were its founder, and for more 
than five years its faithful guide; that you have labored in 
season and out of season for its prosperity; and that under 
your zealous but prudent supervision the church, and the 
great doctrines of which it is the exponent, have been com- 
mended to the people of San Francisco and the State. 
Wherever life may lead you in the future, bear with you 
the conviction that your labors with us have not been in 
vain ; that your name will ever be associated with our 
church ; and that those who have known you here will re- 
member you with grateful recollections." From the testi- 
monial of the ruling elders of the church a brief extract is 
taken : " We have great comfort and satisfaction in looking 
back over the five years and upwards in which you have, 
with the most unremitting diligence, watched over the in- 
terests of the church and society, in all that concerned their 
welfare and progress, both spiritual and temporal ; ami 
have great pleasure in bearing testimony to your fidelity 
and constant devotion to the be^l interests of the church nnd 
congregation. The sick have been visited — and those who 



248 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENXYCLOP.EDIA. 



were in prison are witnesses of your counsel, warning and 
admonition — the poor and friendless have been objects of 
your care and solicitude — the afflicted have been comforted 
in their distress and anguish of 'mind, and the dying have 
been directed to the ' Lamb of God which taketh away the 
sins of the world.' In all the relations you have sustained 
in the church and congregation, your bearing has been 
honorable, manly and independent, and characterized by 
meekness, charity and a Christian spirit. When we have, 
as a community, been passing through scenes of unusual 
violence and bloodshed, you have remained at your post, 
unmoved by popular tumult and disorder, faithfully declar- 
ing ' all the counsel of God.' .... We beg also to assure 
yuu of our high respect for your uniform courtesy, kindness 
and counsel in the relation you have sustained to us as 
members of your session, in which unity and the most entire 
hannony has prevailed. Feeling sure that should you leave 
us, you will carry with you the best and kindest sympathies 
not only of the church and congregation, but of the com- 
munity among whom you have moved and mingled in this 
city, we affectionately commend you and your family to the 
Great Head of the church, praying that he will richly re- 
ward your labors of love among us, and do for you and 
them ' exceeding abundantly above all that we ask or 
think.' " One of the many frien<lly published expressions 
of regard for Mr. Willi.ims paid him the following tribute: 
"Among others leaving us is the Rev. Albert Williams — a 
man who for five years past has been with us ; been inter- 
ested for us ; and has fulfilled in our midst a high and holy 
calling. During that time many are the young and loving 
pairs he has united in the sacred bonds of wedlock ; he has 
sprinkled the brow of infancy with the token of love and 
mercy, and pressed the seal of pardon and acceptance on 
the heads of repentant sinners ; he has prayed by the bed- 
side of the dying, and wept with the bereaved at the graves 
of the dead ; he has week after week raised his voice 
against crime, violence and oppression in the land, and in 
clear, emphatic language shown the way of duty and of 
safety. Nor is it by precept alone that he has taught; for 
he 'has lived the lessons he has inculcated, and set a beauti- 
ful exam})le of Christian consistency; unostentatious, meek 
and benevolent, like the Master he professes to serve, he 
has gone about doing good ; and now, with enfeebled 
health, but a good conscience, he returns to his early home 
for that quiet and repose which he so really needs." And 
from another source this also: "The Rev. A. Williams has 
been for five and a half years one of the most prudent, 
though zealous, ' soldiers of the cross ' that ever visited 
California, and his departure, as well as the cause therefor, 
has occasioned his congregation and friends profound re- 
gret. As he was beloved and reverenced by all with whom 
he came in contact, even so will he be long remembered as 
the founder of the Presbyterian church in this city," Mr. 
Williams, with his family, spent the winter of i854-i;5 in 
the Sandwich Islands. He visited all the group, and con- 



tributed a series of descriptive letters to the Piesl>ytciia'i, 
of Philadelphia. In the spring of 1855 he returned, via 
San Francisco and Panama, to the east, and for the four 
years following made his residence in Princeton, New 
Jersey, during which time his eldest son passed through 
the academic course at Nassau Hall. Such was the degree 
of his nervous prostration that the whole of that period of 
rest was necessary to bring back his impaired health. 
Though resting he was not inactive, but by writing for the 
press and occasional preaching he sought to be useful. 
While the social revolution was in progress in San Fran- 
cisco, in 1856, although away from the Slate, Mr. Williams 
took a deep interest in the movement, and wrote for one 
of the eastern papers an article on the subject, which was 
acknowledged to have had a marked effect in creating a 
correct public sentiment concerning the action of the Vigi- 
lance Committee of that year, and was particularly referred 
to by a leading periodical in San Francisco in the following 
appreciative terms : " Our citizens are indebted to the Rev. 
Albert Williams, late pastor of the First Presbyterian 
Church of this city, for a timely letter published at the East, 
in relation to our local difhculties. His intimacy with our 
affairs gave weight to his opinion among those with whom 
he is familiar, or to whom he is known in eastern circles." 
In the summer of 1859 he made a second removal to Cali- 
fornia. At this time it was his desire to engage in efi'orts 
for the promotion of higher education in the State. But 
influences which he could not control prevented the gratifi- 
cation of that wish, and again he entered -into the special 
work of the ministiy, and for another five years and more 
served gratuitously a mission church in San Francisco. 
And again, while retaining his connection with San Fran- 
cisco, he had a home for his family in Princeton, during 
which time his younger son passed through college. Thus 
he has, by frequent repassing, either alone or with members 
of his family, had a double home in California and New 
Jersey. For the past six years it has been his special work, 
among other things, as one of the Trustees of the California 
Prison Commission and as Chairman of its Visiting Com- 
mittee, to preach gratuitously each alternate Sunday, during 
the greater part of that time, to the prisoners in the State 
Penitentiary at San Quentin. The experience gained in 
his observations and intercourse among the prisoners en- 
abled him to render valuable aid in carrying through the 
Legislature of 1875-76 very important reforms in the gov- 
ernment of the State Prison. One of these enactments 
removes the immediate management of the prison beyond 
the sphere of politics. Another provides that prisoners 
shall receive one-tenth of their earnings, one-half of the 
amount payable, and, if they so desire, to be received by 
them weekly, and the other half to be retained for them 
until the time of their discharge. Mr. Williams early be- 
came a member of the .Society of California Pioneers, was 
for many years its Chaplain, and, as a special compliment, 
has been constituted one of its few Honorary Life Mem- 




c 



-f^^^.-^^-x/ 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 



249 



bers. In this outline sketch it remains to add, and may be 
noted as one of the features of this active life, that it has 
ever been a habit of Mr. Wilhams to pursue a general 
course of reading, with a special taste and preference for 
subjects of a practical and at the same time philosophical 
character. In later, no less than earlier, years it h.as been 
his constant aim to gniher that he may impart. Thus, 
neither is his leisure idleness, nor his rest inactivity. His 
retirement, if such it may be styled, is filled with busy 
labors. And, as a fitting close of this brief sketch, it is 
proper to subjoin a sentence forming part of a personal 
item in a Lite San Francisco journal : "Although he (the 
Rev. A. Williams) may not be technically a pastor, yet as 
long as his life is continued he will be found employed m 
essays of utility and benevolence." 



.^ 



m 



^1 STE, D.WID K., Jurist, was the son of Moses 
and Ann E.ste, of Morristown, New Jersey, and 
was born October 21st, 17S5. Captain Este, his 
father, was severely wounded at the battle of 
Monmouth, and would have died from exposure 
but for the personal attentions of Colonel Ham- 
ilton, aide to General Washingtcm, who found him among 
the dead and dying, and provided him with food and medi- 
cal assistance. He was siilisequently Collector of Revenue 
under President Adams, and died at the age of eighty-four. 
David K., his son, received his elementary education in his 
native town, and entered Princeton College, where he pur- 
sued the full course of studies, and graduated with dis- 
tinction in 1S03. Ill April, 1804, he commenced to read 
law in the office of Gabriel Ford, Esq., at Morristown, and 
after thorough preparation was admitted to the bar of the 
Supreme Court at Trenton, in May, iSoS. He commencea 
practice in Morristown at once, and after continuing there 
one year as a lawyer he removed to Cincinnati, Ohio; but 
with the intention of making his practice a very general 
one, covering all the courts in that judicial district, includ- 
ing the United States District and Circuit Courts at Chilli- 
cothe, and subsequently at Columbus, he opened an office 
in Hamilton in order to be centrally located. In the spring 
of 1814 he located in Cincinnati, and established himself at 
the corner of Main and Fifth streets, and by careful atten- 
tion to his business and the exercise of rare legal talent, he 
soon secured a very large and influential clientage. In 
181 7 he formed a partnership with Bellamy Storer, and this 
business relationship continued until 1821. In 1S30 he 
admitted Ezekiel Haines to an interest in his large and in- 
creasing business, and this partnership existed until Mr. 
Este was made President Jurlge of Hamilton countv, and 
afler the organization of the Superior Court, in 1837, he was 
appointed Us iudi;e. Upon the expiration of his term, in 
the spring of 1845, he retired from public and professional 
32 



life. His career at the bar and on the bench was a distin- 
guished one. He was profoundly read in civil and crim- 
inal law, his knowledge of the science being constantly 
improved by continuous research. He was as indefatigable 
a worker as a student, and gave to all the business intrusted 
to his care his close attention. He was especially forcible 
as a pleader, and had rare power for the analyzation of evi- 
dence in order to present it clearly to the jury and the 
couit, forming from it a plain and easily understood exposi- 
tion of the continuity of circumstances involved in the case. 
He was skilful in the interpretation of the law, and logical 
in his arguments, which were models of rhetorical expres- 
sion. His decisions from the bench were accepted as 
autlwrity, and were characterized by an entire absence of 
personal bias. He was at all times firm in his support of 
the integrity of the law. These qualities won for him the 
sincere respect of the entire communily, and his retirement 
from professional duties was regarded as a public loss. 
His career was closely identified with the growth and pros- 
perity of Cincinnati. He was zealous in his efforts to secure 
public improvements, and to make the city attractive, not 
alone as a place of residence, but as a good field for capi- 
talists, in the way of increasing mercantile and commercial 
traffic. The first building erected by him was his own 
residence on Main street. Subsequently he erected fourteen 
structures on the same thoroughfare and Ninth .street, three 
on Sycamore street and one on Fourth street. In 1858 he 
reared a handsome stone residence on West Fourth street, 
which he occupied at the time of his death. In the fall of 
iSrg he was married to Lucy Ann, daughter of General 
William Henry Harrison. She died in April, 1826, having 
been the mother of four children, three of whom died when 
quite young. The surviving daughter became the wife of 
Joseph Reynolds, of Baltimore, and died in 1869, at the age 
of forty-seven years, leaving seven children. In May, 1829, 
Mr. Este married Louisa Miller, daughter of Judge William 
Miller, by whom he had seven children, four living at the 
present time. Even when ninety years of age he took a 
great interest in the course of public affairs. For many 
years he was Senior Warden of Christ Church. He died 
in the e-trly part of the ye.ar 1876. 



OI.LINS, REV. JOHN, Minister of the Pioneer 
Methodist Episcopal Church in Ohio, was born, 
November 1st, 1769, in New Jersey. Early in 
life he became an earnest and devout member of 
the Methodist Church, and determined to be- 
"^ come a preacher, a resolution which he carried 
into effect with characteristic energy. His earlier efforts in 
his chosen vocation as a preacher gave little promise of his 
future eminence. So small w.i5 the evidence they gave of 
special qualification that hiswife, solicitous for his reputa- 



250 



BIOGRAPHICAL EXCVCLOr.EDIA. 



tion and usefulness, advised him to desist, believing that he 
could never succeed. He replied to her, in all candor, 
that he thought her predictions quite likely to be correct, 
but nevertheless, although he might never be a successful 
preacher himself, he purposed to continue trying until he 
should be instrumental in converting some one who would 
be a preacher. His subsequent career showed how un- 
founded were his wife's misgivings, and how wise was his 
own determination. In the year l8ot he visited the North- 
western Territory, now the Slate of Ohio, and in the follow- 
ing year he removed his family to the West, and settled on 
a farm in Clermont county, Ohio, on the east fork of the 
Little Miami river, about twenty-five miles east of Cincin- 
nati. In 1S04 he preached the tiist Methodist sermon ever 
preached in Cincinnati. The meeting was held in an upper 
room, and the congregation comprised twelve persons. He 
also preached the first Methodist sermons heard in Ripley, 
Dayton and Urbana. In 1S07 he travelled the Miami 
Circuit, in connection with B. Larkin, an excellent preacher. 
In 1808 he travelled the Scioto Circuit, and in 1809 and 
iSio the Deer Creek Circuit. He was next assigned to 
the Union Circuit, which embraced the towns of Lebanon 
and Dayton. In the years 1S19 and 1S20 he was Pre- 
siding Elder of the Scioto District. In 1821 and 1822 he 
was stationed in Cincinnati. The following year he was 
stationed in Chillicothe, and in 1824 he was appointed to 
the Cincinnati District, and afterwards to the Miami Dis- 
trict. He continued to travel in this district during the 
yeais 1825, 1826 and 1S27. Next he was transferred to 
the Scioto District, where he labored from 1S28 to 1831. 
In 1832 and 1833 he was on the New Richmond Circuit. 
He returned to the Cincinnati station in 1834, and in 1S35 
he travelled the While Oak Circuit. This was the last cir- 
cuit he ever travelled. On the minutes of the Ohio Annual 
Conference of 1836 he was relumed as superannuated, 
which relation remained unchanged until his death. He 
died at MaysviUe, Kentucky, at the residence of his son. 
General Richard Collins, August 21st, 1845. His last 
words were, " Happy, happy, happy! " On his death the 
official men Kirs of the church at Maysville passed resolu- 
tions expressive of their grief at his loss, and of the highest 
appreciation of his labors and eminent qualilies as a gospel 
minister. It may truly be said of him that he was one of 
the most eminent and eloquent preachei-s in the early days 
of Methodism in southern Ohio. He married Sarah Black- 
man, a woman of great energy and force of character, and 
whose life was an embodiment of the Christian virtues. 
She was a sister of Leander Blackmail. In the spring of 
1797, shortly after her husband assuretl her of his deter- 
mination to " keep ti-ying to preach unlil he had converted 
some one who would preach successfully," her brother 
Leander was converted through the preaching of her hus- 
band. This was in iSoo, and ihe new convert at once 
entered the ministiy and worked in it with extraordinary 
power, earnestness and success until his death, some four- 



teen years later. No more devoted, zealous, eloquent, or 
successful preacher labored in the church than he. His 
eloquence is described as something wonderful. His pres- 
ence was commanding and attractive, his voice rich, melodi- 
ous and greatly expressive, and the fervor ol his ulterances 
almost irresistible. None could listen to him unmoved, 
and during the time of his ministrations thousands were 
converted through his agency. As early as iSog he was 
Presiding Elder in the Cumberland District of the Metho- 
dist Episcopal Church, embracing all ol W est 1 ennessee, 
part of Middle Tennessee, on the Eik and Duck rivers, 
Madison county, in the Mississippi Territory, and all of 
Kentucky below the mouth of Green river, with the counties 
of Ohio and Breckinridge, above Green river. To this day 
many an old pioneer remembers the sympathy excited and 
the profound sorrow felt in Cincinnati and throughout the 
Methodist Church when his death occurred, in :8l5. It 
was a few days after the adjournnTent of conference in 
Cincinnati. He and his wife were crossing the Ohio river 
in an open ferry-boat. The horses on the boat became 
frightened, and, running together, forced several of the pas- 
sengers overboard into the river. Leander Blackman was 
among the number. He swam for some time, but before 
help reached him he sank and was drowned in full view 
of his agonized wife. His body was recovered and followed 
to the grave by a vast concourse of friends. 



G7: 



(sT 



LARK, SAMUEL S., M. D., of Belvidere, was 
born in Flemington, New Jersey, November 8lh, 
1S25. He is a son of the Rev. John F. Clark, 
and a grandson of the Rev. Joseph Clark, D. D. 
The last named was a student at Princeton Col- 
lege at the breaking out of the revolulionary 
war, and, entering the colonial army, served with distinc- 
tion on General Washington's staff. The war ended, he 
returned to Princeton, completed his education, took holy 
orders, and was for many years paslor of the First Presby- 
terian Church at New Brunswick. Dr. Clark's great uncle. 
General John Maxwell, commanded the New Jersey battal- 
ion in the war of the Revolution, thus giving him a doubly 
patriotic ancestry. He received his preparatory education 
at the school of the Rev. John Vandervcer, at Easton, 
and in 1841 was admitted to Lafayette College. After re- 
maining here two years he entered the junior class at 
Princeton, and graduated in 1S45. Among his classmates 
at Princeton were Judges Depue and Van Syckel, of the 
New Jersey Supreme Court, and his cousin, Hon. George 
M. Robeson, late Secretaiy of the Navy. After passing 
through the regular three years' course in the medical de- 
partment of the University of New York, he received his 
degree in 1S48, and in the same year established himself at 
Belvidere, where he has since resided. He has an exten- 
sive practice, and his professional reputation is unchallenged. 



BIOGRArinCAL EXCVCLOr.EDIA. ' 



251 



He is a member of the United States, New Jersey, and 
Warren County Medical Societies. In politics he was a 
Whig until the formation of the Republican party, when he 
became and has since continued a member of that organi- 
zation. He IS a partisan, however, from a sense of duly 
only, having never sought nor held any public office save 
that of Superintendent of the Draft in Warren county, an 
appointment that came to him, unsolicited, from Governor 
Olden, and which he held only until a provost marshal was 
appointed m his stead. His practice has of late so greatly 
increased that he has been compelled to seek the assistance 
of a medical partner, and has accordingly associated with 
him Dr. McGee, a young gentleman of ability and ranking 
well in the profession Dr. Clark was married in 1S54 to 
Jane C, daughter of James C. Kinney, M. D., of Warren 
county. 



j EECE, LEWIS C, Banker, was born, June 19th, 
1817, in Phillipsburg, New Jersey. He was 
educated at the Phillipsburg public schools, and 
upon completing his education was given a posi- 
tion in the carriage manufacturing business carried 
on by his father. In this business he remained 
during the succeeding thirteen years, displaying a consider- 
able amount of mechanical ability and a good understanding 
of commercial affairs. In 1S49 he was elected Surrogate 
of Warren county, holding the office for the full term of five 
years, and some years later was elected Judge of the Court 
of Common Pleas. In 1856 the Phillipsburg Bank was 
founded under a special charter, and of this institution he 
was chosen Cashier, an office th.at he still continues to hold. 
Under his management the bank has been exceptionally 
successful in its operations, especially since 1S65, when it 
was reorganized under the national banking law. Mr. 
Reece was married, August 23d, 1848, to Sarah A., daugh 
ter of Andrew Lomison, late of Mount Bethel, Pennsyl- 
vania. 



|EIGH, JOHN T., Banker, of Clinton, was born in 
1821, in Hunterdon county. New Jersey. He is 
the son of Samuel Leigh, whose father, of the 
same name, served in the war of the Revolution, 
the Leigh family being one of the oldest in New 
Jersey. He received a lair common-school edu- 
cation, and at the age of twelve became a clerk in the large 
mercantile establishment of Peter Dayton & .Son, in New 
Brunswick, assisting in that and similar establishments in 
New Brunswick until 1844, when he removed to Clinton, 
New Jersey, where he established himself in the general 
mercantile business, which he pursued successfully for five 
years, selling out at the expiration of that period on account 
of falling health. Since 1S49 he h.is been engaged in va- 



rious enterprises, which he has so conducted as to increase at 
once his fortune and his reputation, placing him easily in the 
front rank of the business men of the coniniiinily. He wns 
one of the founders of the Clinton Bank, now the Clinton 
National Bank, of which he was chosen one of the first Di- 
rectois, and is at present the Vice- President. He is a mem- 
ber of the Baptist church, of which he is a zealous and 
liberal supporter, having been chiefly instrumental in secur- 
ing for the society its handsome edifice in Clinton. In 
politics he is a Democrat, though not an e.\tremist, being 
often found in opposition to the pet schemes of his party. 
He is, however, a steadfast adherent to the cardinal princi- 
ples of the Democracy. He was elected Mayor of Clinton 
on the Union ticket. He has been twice married ; first, in 
1S43, '" M''^'' ^'^" Syckel, daughter of Aaron Van Syckel, 
who died in 1S60, and again, in 1S62, to a daughter of 
William Van Syckel. His eldest son, B. ( ). Leigh, is at 
present the efficient Cashier of the Clinton National Bank. 



SfVs 






>)ONGWORTH, NICHOLAS, Lawyer, Vine- 
grower and Horticulturist, was born, January 
l6lh, 1782, in Newark, New Jersey. His father 
had been a Tory during the war of the Revolu 
tion, and his large properly had been entirely 
confiscated in consequence. Voung Longworth's 
childhood was passed in comparative indigence, and while 
yet a boy he went to South Carolina as a clerk for an elder 
brother; but the climate proved unfavorable to his health, 
and, returning to Newark, he resolved to study law. Be- 
lieving that the region then known as the Northwest 
Territory offered the best opportunity of success to young 
men of enterprise, he removed thither in 1S03, and, fixing 
upon the little village of Cincinnati as his residence, he 
continued his legal studies m the office of Judge Jacob 
Burnet. His first case after admission to the bar was the 
defence of a horse thief, receiving for his fee two copper 
whiskey stills. These he bartered for thirty Viree acres of 
land. Central avenue being its eastern boundary. Owing 
to the great influx of emigration this land in process of time 
arose to the value of over two millions of dollars. From 
the time of his arrival in Cincinnati he held to the idea that 
the log village of that day would become the metropolis of 
the future. He was outspoken and decided on this point. 
His convictions determined all his actions in this direction ; 
but they were the merest visions to the old men around 
him. While a student in Judge Burnet's office he offered 
to purchase the judge's cow-pasture, and, thinking to obtain 
it on a long credit, proposed to pay five thousand dollars 
for it. The judge reproved him sharply for what he was 
ple.ased to term the folly that would assume such a delil for 
such worthless investment; but he lived to see the cow- 
pasture valued at one and a half million dollars. When 



BlOCRAnilCAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 



Mr. Longworth began the practice of law he wa"; known as 
the attorney who would always take land for fees; and 
during his connection with that profession ail his earnings 
were invested in lands in and around Cincinnati, so that 
he became, in the course of a few years, a large lot and 
land-owner and dealer. At that time property was held at 
a very low figure; many of his lots cost him but ten dollars 
e ich, while v.ist tracts represented but a lawyer's fee. He 
hid for some years given much attention to the cultivation 
of the gr.ape, with the view of making wme ; and at first at- 
tempted, though with but little success, the acclimation of 
foreign vines. He tried about forty different varieties before 
the idea occurred to him of testing the capabilities of our 
indigenous grapes. In 1828 he withdrew from the practice 
of his profession and commenced experimenting upon the 
adaptation of native grapes to the production of wine. Two 
of the varieties — the Catawba and the Isabella — seemed to 
him to possess the best qualities for wine in that climate and 
soil, and he gradually adopted these throughout his vine- 
yards, though not entirely to the exclusion of others. He 
had two hundred acres of vineyards, and extensive wine 
vaults in the city, where the vintage of each year was stored 
by itself to ripen. He also purchased wine and grape -juice 
in large quantities, to be converted by his processes into the 
wine of commerce. These vineyards eventually became 
profitable to him, and to the thousands of wine-growers and 
vine-dressers who emigrated from the wine countries of 
Europe and established themselves on the hill-slopes of the 
Ohio, m the vicinity of Cincinnati ; but for some yeai"s his 
expenditure w.as greater than his income from his vineyards. 
He did not, however, confine his attention to the culture of 
the grape. He was also much interested in the improve- 
ment of the strawberry, and published the results of his 
numerous experiments on the influence of the sexual char- 
acter of the strawberry in rendering it productive. Cin- 
cinnati he made famous for strawberry culture ; and from 
him the celebrated " Longworth Prolific " derives its name. 
In private life he was a genial, kindly, but very eccentric 
man, dressing always in the extremest simplicity and plain- 
ness, often to the extent of shabbiness. He was singularly 
unostentatious in his display of wealth and in his personal 
habits. He was never accused of meanness nor of illiber- 
ality. He was public-spirited and useful ; his brain ever 
teeming with valuable suggestions to the people. He con- 
tributed largely to public charities ; but his name was rarely 
found on published lists of contributors to charitable enter- 
prises. His gifts were made in secret, and oftenest to those 
whom he termed "the devils poor" — the vagabonds and 
estr.iys of social life. M.iny citizens of Cincinnati cannot 
fail to remember the winter when he gave hundreds of men 
work in his stone quarries on the Ohio river, above the 
city ; or, indeed, of his donating, each week, a sack of meal 
to a large number of equally poor women. It was no de- 
light or virtue to him to help those who could possibly 
receive sympathy or aid from othere. He had also a sys- 



tem, which he studiously carried out, of selling his land to 
poor tenants on long time, thus enabling them to pny fur it 
gradually, often deeding to widows of tenants half of the 
property leased by their husbands : in this way favoring 
poor men in securing homes for themselves. He was a 
benefactor to poor authors and poets, the liberal patron of 
art and the friend of Hiram Powers. He was a lifelong 
Whig, but held no identity with any political party, and 
was certainly no politician. He had as little care and 
respect for politicians as for preachers, being a determined, 
but a silent, opponent of the latter. Nevertheless, he was 
a man of high moral rectitude and a firm believer in the 
Christian religion ; and he attended ihe ministrations of 
Rev. Dr. Wilson until the death of that eccentric Presby- 
lerian clergyman. For some time Mr. Longworth was 
President of the " Pioneer Association of Cincinnati." A 
very honorable action was taken by that body on the oc- 
casion of his death ; as was also the case in the meeting of 
the Cincinnati bar. He died in that city, February loth, 
1863. 

('i=/n^UDLOW, ISRAEL, First Sur\-eyor of the North- 
■)'/l ',' "'<^*' Territory, now Ohio, was born, in the year 
^^ [ ') 1765, at Long Hill Farm, near Morrislown, New 
/ f^' Jersey, where his father, Cornelius Ludlow, re- 
^^-^ sided. He was of English ancestry, his grand- 
father having left Shropshire, England, at the 
time of the restoration of the Stuarts, to escape the persecu- 
tions of the crown, as the Ludlow family had espoused the 
cause of the Parliament, and had taken a prominent part m 
the affairs of the commonwealth. Sir Edmund Ludlow, the 
head of the family at that time, was banished from Engkand, 
and died in exile at Vevay, Switzerland. In 1787 Israel 
Ludlow received the following leUer from the Surveyor- 
General and Geographer of the United States : " To Israel 
Ludlow, Esq.: Dear sir: I enclose an ordinance of Con- 
gress, of the 20th instant, by which you will observe they 
have agreed to the sale of a large tract of land, which the 
New Jersey Society have contracted to purchase. As it 
will be necessary to survey the boundary of this tract with 
all convenient speed, that the United States may receive Ihe 
payment for the same, I propose to appoint you for that pur- 
pose, being assured of your abilities, diligence and integrity. 
I hope you will accept it, and desire you will furnish me 
with an estini.ite of the expense, and inform me what 
moneys will be necessary to advance to you to execute ihe 
same. I am, dear sir, yours, Thomas Hutchins, Surveyor- 
General of the United States.'' He accepted the appoint- 
ment, received his instructions and an order on the frontier 
posts for a sufficient escort to enable him to prosecute the 
surveys ; but the extreme weakness of the military force in 
the Northwest Territory — as Ohio w.as then called — left him 
in a very hazardous and exposed condition. His great 
energy, bodily '.trenglh and personal beauty, however, soon 



EIOGRAnilCAL EN'CVCLOr.EDIA. 



253 



attracted the attention and admiration of the Indians, and 
won friends and safety for his httle band, where the toma- 
hawk and scalping-knife would, but for these, have been 
used against them. There are letters still preserved from 
General Joseph Ilarmer, addressed to Israel Ludlow, of 
date of 1787, and August 2Slh, 17SS, which speak of the 
impossibility of affording him an adequate escort, and of the 
danger of his pursuing the survey at that lime; but such 
danger and privations incurred by him did not deter the 
prosecution of the work. In 17S9 he became associated with 
Mathias Denman and Robert Patterson in the proprietor- 
ship — to the extent of one-third — of the settlement about 
Fort Washington, which was to be called by the whimsical 
name of Losanliville, a compound word, intended to express 
" the city opposite the mouth of the Licking." To it, how- 
ever, was given the more euphonious appellation of Cincin- 
nati by Israel Ludlow, in honor of the Cincinnati Society of 
revolutionary officers, of which his father was a member, and 
which society was much criticised at that time. Late in the 
autumn of 1789 Colonel Ludlow commenced a survey of 
the town, which has since become the " Queen City of the 
West." In 1790 White's, Covolt's, and Ludlow Stations 
were created. The latter was near the north line of the 
town plot of Cincinn.iti, and a block-house was the first 
tenement erected there. As the Indians had become very 
savage and ferocious, strong forts were built, and military 
placed therein for the protection of the few whites who had 
ventured to settle in their neighborhood. So dangerous was 
the situation that persons who ventured beyond a certain 
limit of these forts fell victims to the brutality and ferocity 
of the savages. In 1791 General St. Clair's army was en- 
camped at Ludlow Station, along what is now called Mad 
Anthony street, and the present site of the Presbyterian and 
Christian Churches. From thence, on September 17th, 
1791, St. Clair proceeded to the Big Miami, and erected 
Forts Hamilton and Jefferson, and on November 4th follow- 
ing was fought the bloody and unfortunate battle called 
" St. Clair's Defeat." Israel Ludlow, now Colonel Ludlow, 
pursued his surveys under great difficulties, but completed 
them, and May 5th, 1792, made a full report of the same, 
and of all the expenses incident thereto, which were ac- 
cepted by Alexander Hamilton, Secretary of the Treasury 
of the United States. In December, 1794, he surveyed the 
plot of a town adjacent to Fort Hamilton — hence the name 
— and was sole owner. In November, 1795, in conjunction 
with Generals St. Clair, Dayton and Wilkinson, he founded 
the town of Dayton. Previous to this, however, General 
Wayne had succeeded General St. Clair — after the latter's 
defeat — and prosecuted the Indian war until its termination 
in I795> when emigration commenced again, and new towns 
and fiirms spread through the yielding forest. On Novem- 
ber loth, 1796, Colonel Ludlow married Charlotte, second 
daughter of General James Chambers, of Chambersburg, 
Pennsylvania, and on the 20th of the same month they 
started on their journey to Cincinnati. After a tedious ride 



over the mountains they reached the Monongahela river, 
and descended in a small boat to ihe vicinity of I'iltsburnh, 
where they embarked on the waters of the Ohio. Colonel 
Ludlow was soon afterwards appointed to establi-.h and sur- 
vey the bound.ary line between the Uniied States and the 
Indian Territory, agreeably to the treaty of Greenville, made 
by General Wayne, in 1795. It was a most dangerous un- 
dertaking, and while absent from Ludlow Station, which he 
had made his residence, his wife was in .constant dread of 
hearing that some fatality had befallen his little party. In 
fact she could not anticipate any happiness while separated 
from her '* beloved Ludlow," as she calls him, especially 
during his constant absence from the fnrt upon his arduous 
duties. She writes to him in 1797 of her increased fear for 
his safety, upon hearing that the .Shawnees had appointed a 
chief, unknown to him, to attend him; and she urges him 
not to relax his vigilance for one moment. Her distress of 
mind can be better imagined than described when she 
learned than he was unable to obtain an escort, and at the 
same time knowing the great importance of the boundary 
being established, both to the government and to the .set- 
tlers. It is a fact that he made a great part of the surveys 
with only three active woodsmen as spies, and to give him 
notice of danger. He died in Janu.ary, 1S04, at his home at 
Ludlow Station, after four days' illness. The house still 
remains in a good state of preservation, notwithstanding it is 
now eighty-six years old ; and his great-grandchildren may 
stand in the room where he died and resolve to imitate his 
virtues. He was not permitted to witness the wonderful 
results of the enterprise to which his untiring industry was 
directed in forwarding. That he had a prescience of ils 
importance is shown by his large entries of land in the re- 
gion tributary to Cincinnati. Looking forward to a long 
life, he felt his immediate object was to lay tlie broad foun- 
dation of pecuniary fortune. Modesty w.-is a well-known 
trait of his character. With an eye quick to discern, and 
energy to have applied, every measure conducing to the 
prosperity of the territory and the city, he was himself in- 
different to his own political advancement, and willing to 
wait until the fulfilment of his plans. Thus it is, without 
legislative record of the facts, his name is not known in a 
manner commensurate with his services to the infant colony 
and youthful State. He was no politician in the clamorous 
sense of the term. He was a man for the limes in which he 
lived, and posses.sed a peculiar fitness for the capacious 
sphere of his influence. His life was illustrated by a series 
of practical benevolences, free from osleulation, and the 
laudation of scarcely other than the recipients of his disin- 
terested kindnesses. ,The shock created by the announce- 
ment of his death was great. The inhabitants joined the 
Masonic fraternity in paying the closing tribute of respect to 
his memory, and an oration was pronounced by Hon. John 
Cleves Symmes. Among his numerous descendants several 
have occupied prominent positions in Ohio and other 
Western States. 



BIOGRAnilCAL EXCVCLOP.EDIA. 



'TILLMAN, CHARLES H., M.D., Physician and 
ex- Mayor of Plaintield, was born in Schenectady, 
New York, January 25th, 1817. The family is 
of English descent, the founders of the American 
branch having settled in Massachusetts in 1680. 
Afterwards a portion of the descendants of these 
settlers removed to Rhode Island, at what is now the vil- 
lage of Stillmanville, and others settled in the Stale of New 
York. From these Dr. Stillman is descended. His f.ither, 
Joseph Stillman, was a widely known ship builder, and his 
older brother, Thomas B. Stillman, was one of the origina- 
tors — and up to the time of his death, which occurred some 
ten years since, was one of the proprietors — of the celebrated 
Novelty Works, of New York. All the members of the 
family were more or less celebrated for their skill in the 
mechanic arts. Charles H. Stillman was fitted for college 
at the academy of Schenectady, New York, and in the year 
1S32 entered the sophomore cla.ss of Union College. He 
graduated with the class of 1835. Among his classmates 
were Professors Foster and Pierson, of Union College. 
Immediately after graduating he commenced a course of 
preparatory study, with a view to entering the medical pro- 
fession. He studied first at Schenectady, and then read 
for three years with Dr. Delafield, of New York. He 
graduated from the College of Physicians and Surgeons, in 
New York, in the year 1840, and for two years after his 
graduation he was Physician and Oculist of the Eastern 
Dispensary. In 1842 he removed to Plainfield, New Jersey, 
where he has since resided, actively engaged in the practice 
of his profession. His advance to the front rank of medical 
practitioners was rapid and brilliant. His high natural 
abilities, joined to his sterling personal qualities and his 
thorough professional culture, and the enthusiasm with 
which he devoted all his energies to the calling he had 
entered upon, soon placed himtimong the foremost of his 
profession, and now his practice is among the largest and 
most valuable in the State. He has been for many years 
Surgeon of the Central Railroad of New Jersey, and his 
great skill as a surgeon has won the cordial recognition not 
only of the community at large, but of all in the profession. 
Next to his devotion to his profession is his practical ear- 
nestness in forwarding the educational interests of the com- 
munity in which he resides. It w.as largely through his 
instrumentality that the public schools of Plainfield, which 
rank now among the best in the State, have been brought to 
their present high standard. In 1847 he was elected a 
member of the School Board, and he held that position 
until 1S67, when the revised school laws of the Slate took 
effect. He was elected a member of the first School Board 
under the new law, was chosen President of the Board at 
its first meeting, and has continued to fill the position from 
that time to this. He is a member of the State Medical 
Society and President of the Medical Society of Union 
County. He is also a Diiector of the City National Bank, 
of the \Vashington Fire Insurance Company, the City 



Savings Institute and various other corporations. Politi- 
cally he IS an ardent Republican, but enjoys the high 
esteem and perfect confidence of his fellow-citizens of all 
parties. In 1872 he was nominated by both political 
parties for the office of Mayor of Plainfield. He was, of 
course, elected to the position, and administered the duties 
of the office for two years. He was marrie<l, in 1842, to 
Mary E. Starr, of Hamilton, New York. His eldest son 
was for a time Assistant Professor of Chemistry in Stevens' 
Institute, Hoboken, New Jersey, and is now pursuing his 
studies in Germany. His second son is now House Physi- 
cian in St. Francis' Hospital, New York, and a third son 
IS in his senior year at Rutgers College. 



AYLOR, LEWIS HAZELIUS, of High Bri.lge, 
Iron Manufacturer and Railroad Promoter, was 
born in 181 1, at the old historic mansion of the 
Taylor family, near the town of High Budge, 
'Gr N^"' Jsrs^y> "nd 's a son of Archibald and Ann 
(Bray) Taylor, and grandson of Robert Taylor, 
who came to America from Ireland in 1757. His grand- 
father, soon after his arrival, became connected with the 
Union Iron Company, then ow-ned by the wealthy English 
land proprietors and iron masters, Allen & Turner, and 
superintended by Colonel Hackett. After the de.ath of the 
latter, Robert Taylor became his successor in the super- 
vision of the Union Iron Company, and continued to 
occupy that position until the suspension of the works, 
about the year 1782. The furnace of that company was 
the first erected on the continent of America, although the 
precise date cannot now be determined, but it was prior to 
the year 1700. The house where Robert Taylor resided is 
still standing, uniquely connected with and forming a part 
of the modernized mansion where his grandson now re- 
sides. In one room of the older portion, one hundred 
years ago, Governor John Penn and Attorney-General 
Benjamin Chew, the last colonial officials of Pennsylvania, 
were placed as jirisoners of war, under charge of Robert 
Taylor, by the Continental Congress. Two volumes of 
" Memoirs," by Sir John Daliymple, Baronet, which were 
presented to Robert Taylor by Governor Penn, are now in 
the possession of his grandson. In another room Robert 
Taylor died, in 1821, and in the same room his son Archi- 
bald was bom, in 17S0, and died in i860. Lewis H. 
Taylor, son of Archibald, was partly educated at the Hart- 
wick Seminary, then under the superintendence of his 
uncle, the Rev. Lewis Ilazelius, D. D., from whom he was 
named, where he passed three years ; lie completed his 
education tinder private tutors at home. On reaching 
manhood he engaged in mercantile and various other pur- 
suits until lS49,when the announcement was made that the 
newly acquired territory of California was the long-looked- 



BIOGRArillCAL EXCYCLOP.EDIA. 



255 



fnr Eldorado. In company vvith liis brother, General 
George W. Taylor, he started for the Pacific coast, taking; 
passage on the steamer " Crescent City," on her first trip 
via the isthmus, and was among the first colony of miners 
or pioneers of California. On their arrival in the land of 
gold, they were engaged in various enterprises, and while 
there contracted for and furnished the timbers for building 
the first wharves of San Francisco. They remained in 
California until 1852. On his return to the Atlantic Stales 
he built a forge on the site of one of the old pre-revolulion- 
ary works of the Union Iron Company, which has been 
enlarged at different times, a car-wheel foundry added, and 
in 1869 the whole concern was incorporated by the name 
of ihe Taylor Iron Company. These works have increased 
materially, until they are now one of the largest industrial 
establishments of the kind in the United .States, manufac- 
turing car-wheels, car-axles and all varieties of car and 
locomotive forgings ; and it is the only concern in the 
country which manufactures both car-wheels and axles and 
" fits " them. The first President of the company was Lewis 
H. Taylor, who still holds the position. The works are 
located near the beautiful village of High Bridge, on the 
south branch of the Raritan river, and at the junction of the 
High Bridge Railroad and the Central Railroad of New 
Jersey. There are about two miles of railway which con- 
nect the different shops of the company with the Central 
Railro.id, for which a separate charter was obtained in 
1871. This gives admir.ible facilities for operating the 
works, receiving material, shipping the products, etc. In 
June, 1S74, Mr. Taylor, in conjunction with Edward C. 
Knight, of Philadelphia, and others, became interested in 
the Delaware & Bound Brook Railroad. This road was 
built under the general railroad law of New Jersey, and the 
route selected was that originally surveyed for the National 
Air Line Railroad, which last named company had com- 
menced the construction, but through the need of a proper 
organization and bad management had failed. Lewis H, 
Taylor was Managing Director of the Delaware & Bound 
Brook Railroad, and to his energy and capability is due, 
from the people of New Jersey and the travelling public in 
general, the credit of the early completion of this road and the 
first successful attempt to establish a through line bstween 
the cities of New York .and Philadelphia, in opposition to the 
New Jersey monopoly, controlled by the Pennsylvania Rail- 
road. The Pennsylvania company had thrown every obstacle 
in the way of an early completion of the Delaware & Bound 
Brook Railroad, contesting it in the courts in every possible 
manner. This opposition culmin.ated into what has passed 
into Ihe history of New Jersey as the " frog war." The Dela- 
ware (& Bound Brook Railroad crosses the Mercer & Som 
erset Railroad — a branch of the Pennsylvania Railro.ad — on 
the same grade at a point near the village of Hopewell. 
As Mr. T.aylor was unable to arrange for the right of way 
across thai road — Ihe Pennsylvania company refusing to 
make any concessions — he had the righl of way condemned 



in Ihe usual manner and the award of Ihe commissioners 
paid into court. On the gih of November, 1875, 'l'>-' Dela- 
ware & Bound Brook Railroad brought up the first locomo- 
tive engine and stationed it on a siding at the crossing. On 
the evening of the same day the Pennsylvania company also 
brought up an engine and placed it immediately on the 
crossing of the point intersected by the two roads, only 
moving it away long enough to allow the Mercer & Som- 
erset trains to pass, and then returning immediately to its 
post. Work on the Delaware & Bound Brook Railroad 
necessitated a crossing at once, and on Wednesday even- 
ing, the 6th of January, 1876, a large force of their men .ap- 
peared on the ground. When the Pennsylvania company's 
patrolling engine passed off on a siding to allow a regular 
train to traverse the main road, and as soon as the .latter 
had passed the point of intersection, each man with a cross- 
tie upon his shoulder rushed upon the track, and in a 
second of time had formed an impassable bulwark. The 
switch-tender was frightened from his post by this unex- 
pected demonstration of the Delaware & Bound Brook 
force, and the gang immediately commenced operations 
wilh a will, and soon had the Mercer & Somerset track 
torn from its bed, and were pulling in the frog. This stale 
of affairs was at once telegraphed to the officials of the 
Pennsylvania Railroad Company, and engine 336 was 
ordered to be run from Millstone at its greatest speed, and 
if possible to be tumbled into the gap. The engineer of 
No. 336 obeyed orders, and wilh his engine proceeded on 
its dangerous mission, at a speed never before atlem]ited. 
It fairly flew past Hopewell into the throng of astonisheil 
workmen, and, shivered and wrecked, it fell into the p t 
dug by the Delaware & Bound Brook men, but firiled by 
six inches in reaching the point where the Bound Brook 
men were putting Ihe frog into position, and which by mid- 
night they had securely laid. Amid the cheering of the 
victors the engine of the Delaware & Bound Brook Rail- 
road Company moved upon the crossing thus legally se- 
cured. The failure of No. 336 to effect its object was 
flashed over the wires, and another engine, in its place, was 
at once ordered to the front to assist if possible in pushing 
Ihe Delaw.ire & Bound Brook engine from the crossing; 
but on the arrival of the second engine it was apparent that 
the crippled condition of No. 336 would not admit of such 
a proceeding. Affairs remained in this position until the 
following day, wdien each company brought lo the field a 
force of over 1,000 men — Irishmen armed with the pro- 
verbial pick-handles, and Italians wilh the stiletto or a 
revolver under their belts. Mr. T.aylor, a.ssisted by Messrs. 
Francis H. Saylor, Chief Engineer, and George B. Boggs, 
Division Engineer, had Ihe Delaware & Bound Brook men 
under their control, and Counsellor Browning, of Camden, 
advised them to defend their position by force, if circum- 
stances rendered such a course necessary, and this course 
they were fully resolved to adopt. Both parlies encamped 
upon the line, and on the following day Counsellor Brown- 



2?6 



BIOGRAPHICAL E^XVCLO^.^LDIA. 



ing petilioned the Chancellor for a mandamus to compel 
the Mercer & Somerset branch of the Pennsylvania Rail- 
road to remove their obstruction. Meanwhile, passengers 
over this latter road were obliged to be transferred above 
and below the obstruction. These transactions were wit- 
nessed by hundreds of spectators. The Governor of New- 
Jersey ordered the 7th Regiment of the National Guard, 
under Colonel Angel, to proceed to the disputed territoiy 
to preserve the peace. The Delaware & Bound Brook 
company continued to hold possession until the Chancel- 
lor's decision came, and this decision virtually gave them 
all they had contended for. The road was opened for 
public travel M \y rst, 1S76. It is a double track road, and 
has a passenger traffic fully equal to its capacity. Its com- 
pletion was a signal victory over the Pennsylvania com- 
pany and the railroid monopoly that had for years held the 
Stale, and virtually controlled its Legislature. The open- 
ing of the new line, m.iking a direct route of travel between 
New York and Philadelphia, was hailed with delight all 
over the State, and to Lewis H. T.rylor was justly awarded 
the honor of having been the instrument in procuring the 
long sought for disenlhralment of the State from a gigantic 
monopoly. In 1S7J he was instrumental in procuring a 
charter to construct a railroad from High Bridge, on the 
New Jereey Central, to Chester, in Morris county. This 
was afterwards consolidated with the Longwood Valley 
R.iilroad. Work was commenced on the High Bridge road 
in 1874, and completed in 1876 to Port Oram, m Morris 
county. This road, it is intended, shall reach the Hudson 
rivei-, and there connect with eastern lines, so fomiing a 
direct route from the coal fields of Pennsylvania, via the 
Central Railroad of New Jersey, to the manufacturing 
towns of New England. The first President of this corpo- 
ration was Lewis H. Taylor. He is also a Director of the 
Union Iron Company, of which his son, W. J. Taylor, is 
President. In politics, he is an ardent Republican, and 
has labored earnestly for the welfare of that party. He 
rendered efficient service to the Union government during 
the rebellion in raising troops. A serious affection of the eyes, 
as well as pressure of business devolving on htm — owing to 
the absence of his brother. General George W. Taylor, who 
was one of the first to proceed to the front after the com- 
mencement of hostilities, and also of both his sons — pre 
vented him from taking the field himself. Although sc 
lirni a Republican, he has steadily refused any office in the 
gift of the people, or any nomination thereto. In the 
autumn of 1876, howe^•er, his Republican friends induced 
him to accept the nomination for State Senator for the in 
tensely Democratic county of Hunterdon, and although 
defeated, he polled a \o'e by several hundred greater than 
the balance of the Republican ticket. He was married, in 
1S35. to Jane C, daughter of William Johnston, of Phila 
delphia, and has four children now living: W. J. Taylor, 
of whom a sketch appears in another portion of this vol 
ume; one daughter is married to O. W. Chrystie, one of tl;e 



officers of the Taylor Iron Works ; and the other is the 
wife of W. H. Stevenson, senior partner of the house of W. 
H. Stevenson & Co., of Philadelphia, in which Lewis 
Taylor, Jr., his youngest son, is a junior partner. His 
second son, Archie, at the commencement of the war, 
enlisted as a private in Duryea's Zouaves, and served with 
that oi-ganizaiion imtil just previous to the battle of Big 
Bethel, when he was promoted to a Lieutenancy and trans- 
ferred to the 3d Regiment of the Fii-st Brigade New Jersey 
Volunteers. Before his twentieth year he was comniis- 
ioned Captain, and distinguished himself, through all the 
hard fighting of the First Brigade, for bravery and fine 
soldierly qualities. He was killed at the second battle 
of Fredericksburg, near Salem Church, at the age of 
twenty years and eleven months. 



(^ 



cj^ 



ENNINGTON, LOT S., M. D., and Pioneer Far- 
mer of Illinois, was born ni Somei-set county. New 
Jersey, November 12th, 1812. His parents were 
Elijah Pennington and Martha (Todd) Penning- 
ton. His earlier education was acquired primarily 
at an academy located in Somerville, Somerset 
county. New Jersey, and aflenvard in an educational estab- 
lishment of Basking Ridge, in the same county and Stale. 
At the completion of his probationary course of studies he 
decided to embrace the medical profession, and prepared 
himself for it while residing in New Jereey and in New 
York city. In 1836, believing that in the West w.as to be 
found a wider field for the profitable exercise of skill and 
industry, he removed to Jerseyville, Jersey county, Illinois, 
and there entered temporarily upon the active practice of 
his profession. He went subsequently to Macoupin county, 
and occupied himself professionally, and with success, at 
Brighton, Woodbum and Bunker Hill, until 1839, at which 
date he removed to Sterling, where he practised medicine 
for one year. In 1840 he purchased a tract of land, and 
applied his attention to fanning and agricultural pursuits. 
In 1841 he commenced the cultivation of fruit and orna- 
mental trees, in the first instance with a view to supply his 
own requirements only; but that limited beginning was 
destined to undergo a speedy development, and he ulti- 
mately found himself in a position to command an extensive 
nursery business, and which, in fact, he did subsequently 
carry on for a period of fifteen years, meeting with great 
and merited snccess. His was the second nursery estab- 
lished in northern Illinois, and at the present time he has 
over Soo acres of the finest land in the Slate of Illinois, all 
under high cultivation. He has devoted the latter portion 
of his life to scientific farming and kindred pursuits, and in 
apposite knowledge is unsurpassed. The nursery business, 
from which he retired in 1 855, was encompassed with in- 
numerable difficulties in this section, in the earlier days, 
when the country was sparsely settled and in almost a 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.'EDIA. 



257 



pvimitive and virgin condition ; the depredations of swarms 
of wild rabbits made it all but mipossible to preserve the 
trees, while the intensely severe winter of 1842-43 was 
extremely injurious to all vegetable growth. His lands 
were located on the boundary of the prairie, and the inces- 
santly recurring prairie fires necessitated the constant exer- 
cise of great caution and vigilance; and it was necessary, in 
order to arrest the progress of such fires, to hedge the farm 
about with a cordon, or belt of land, thoroughly plowed, 
of 200 yards in breadth. In 1S61 he was appointed a 
member of the Board of Supervisors of Whitesides county, 
in which capacity he has since continued to act with energy 
and ability. He was married, in 1837, to Ann P. Barnett, 
daughter of John Barnett, of Brighton; she died in 1866. 
He was again married, in 1868, to Ruth A. Morrison, 
daughter of William and Mary Anne Gait, and widow of 
Dr. William Morrison, of Lancaster county, Pennsylvania. 



• cGILL, STEWART, Agriculturist, was born near 
Trenton, New Jersey, February i8th, 1788, and 
was the oldest of eight children, whose parents 
were Neill McGill and Elizabeth (Larrison) Mc- 
Gill. The former, a native of county Antrim, 
near Belfast, Ireland, was engaged through life 
in school-teaching and surveying, and while still a young 
man emigrated to Ameiica. He sympathized with the 
colonies in their resistance to the rule of Great Britain, and 
took an active part in common with the insurgent patriots. 
While the Hessians were in winter-quarters at Trenton, 
prior to their capture by General Washington, they made a 
descent on his property, and appropriated to their own 
uses his cattle and other valuable possessions. He died in 
Hunterdon county. New Jersey, in 1814, at the age of 
seventy-two years. His mother was a native of New Jersey, 
and daughter of Rodger Larrison, an active participant in 
the revolutionary war. She died in 1823. His earlier 
education was limited, and received at the common schools 
located in the neighborhood of his home. While in his 
twelfth year he went to live with Judge John Corryell, of 
Hunterdon county. New Jersey, with whom he remained 
for about three years, during this time attending school for 
a term of three months or more. He subsequently worked 
for three years as an apprentice under Luke Hebdon, of 
Trenton, New Jersey, at the shoemaking trade, afterward 
opening a shoe-shop at Lambertville, New Jersey, where 
he engaged also in harness-making; he remained there 
through the ensuing year. Up to 181 1 he worked in New 
Jersey and in New York city, removing later to Ohio, 
where, July 3d, :8ll, he settled finally in Colerain town- 
ship, Hamilton county. He travelled west on foot through 
Pennsylvania to Pittsburgh, and thence on a flat-boat to 
Cincinnati, where-he landed July 2d. The battle of Tip- 
pecanoe, in the second war with England, had been fought. 



and becoming imbued with the prevalent popular excite- 
ment he entered the volunteer service in 1812, under the 
command of General Hull, and was taken prisoner at the 
time of that officer's surrender at Detroit. At the expira- 
tion of a few weeks he was released on parole, and re- 
turned to his home in Hamilton county, where he has since 
resided, occupied mostly in agricultural pursuits. In 1821- 
22 he served as constable and assessor of chattel properly, 
and in 1823 was elected Justice of the Peace, which ofiice 
he held for nine years. He also held at various times ilie 
offices of Trustee, Township Clerk and Assessor of Real 
Estate for Colerain and Springfield Townships. In 1824 
he was elected Treasurer of the School and Ministerial 
Funds of his township, which oflice he held for twenty- 
five years. In 1S38 he was elected a Director in the Cole- 
rain, Oxford & Brookville Turnpike Company, whose rond 
was then in the course of construction. In 1840 he was 
elected Treasurer of said company, which position he held, 
with the exception of a year or two, until November, 1865. 
LIpon retiring from said position the committee (consisting 
of the president, secretary and one other director) aiip<iinied 
to settle his accounts passed a resolution expressing their 
satisfaction that in " accounts extending over a period of 
nearly a quarter of a century, and amounting to several 
hundred thousand dollars, no discrepancy had ever ap- 
peared, nor had a single dime ever been unaccounted for." 
He has also settled the estates of more deceased persons 
than any other man in his part of the county. Politically, 
he is attached to the Republican party; he cast his first 
vote for President for James Monroe. In 1824 he voted 
for John Quincy Adams. In 1826 or 1827 he became a 
strong Jackson man, and took a leading part in organizing 
the Jackson or Democratic party in Colerain township, and 
was a delegate to the first convention held by that party in 
Hamilton county. He voted for General Jackson in 1828, 
and again in 1S32. But in 1S33, not approving the course 
General Jackson had taken, he left the Democratic and 
joined the Whig party, to which he adhered until it died, 
after which he became a Republican. In his younger days 
he took an active part in politics, although he never sought 
office. In 1833 he was nominated as a candidate for 
County Commissioner, but was defeated by a few votes. 
In 1836 the Whigs nominated him for the Legislature, but 
he was not elected. He was nominated several times 
afterwards for the same office, sometimes accepting and at 
others declining to be a candidate; but as his party was in 
the minority he never was elected. He was married, 
October 5th, 1823,10 .Sarah Johnson, widow of Alexander 
Johnson and daughter of Elias Hedges, an early settler 
from Morris county. New Jersey, who settled at Dunlap's 
Station, on the Big Miami river, Hamilton county, in 1S05, 
by whom he has had three children, two of whom are still 
living, a son and daughter. He lost his wife in April, 1854, 
and has never married again; his son, Amzi McGill, h.is 
been twice elected a member of the House of RepresentiT 



258 



BIOGRAPHICAL EXCVCLOP.EDIA. 



lives of Ohio, and has served one term as County Com- 
missioner of Hamilton county, Ohio, and has held various 
other trusts of greater or less importance. 



<^1 



USLING, JAMES F., Counsellor-at-Law, Master 
in Chancery and Notaiy Public, of Trenton, was 
born at \Vashington, Warren county, New Jersey, 
April 14th, 1S34. His parents were Gershom 
and Eliza B. Rusling. In March, 1845, while 
he was still quite a lad, his family removed to 
Trenton, New Jersey. He entered the New Jersey Con- 
ference Seminary at Pennington, in October, 1S50, and 
graduated there with the honors of his class, in October, 
1852. Immediately afterwards he entered the junior class, 
at Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania, and graduated 
there with second honors in July, 1854. In September fol 
lowing he was elected Professor of Natural Science and 
Belles Lettres in Dickinson Seminary, Williamsport, Penn- 
sylvania, and read law under Hon. Robert Fleming while 
teaching there. He was admitted to the Pennsylvania bar 
in 1857, but subsequently returned to Trenton, and was ad- 
mitted to the New Jersey bar in June, 1859. He soon 
acquired a satisfactory practice, but was diverted from it by 
the civil war, and in August, 1861, entered the Union army 
as First Lieutenant, 5th Regiment New Jersey Volunteers. 
In June, 1862, he was made Captain United St.ates Vol- 
unteers, by President Lincoln, and in May, 1863, promoted 
to Lieutenant-Colonel. Early in 1865 he was brevetted 
Major, Lieutenant-Colonel and Colonel, for "gallantry and 
good conduct," and promoted to be full Colonel United 
Slates Volunteers, and Inspector Quartermaster's Depart- 
ment. In 1866 he was further brevetted Brigadier-General 
" for faithful and meritorious services " during the war. 
He served with the. Army of the Potomac from August, 
1861, to November, 1863 : at Yorktown, Williamsburg, 
Fair Oaks, Glendale, Malvern Hill, second Bull Run, 
Chantilly, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, 
Bristow Station, Rappahannock, etc. ; and the remainder 
of the war in the Department of the Cumberland, where, as 
Chief Assistant Quartermaster of that department, under 
Generals Thomas and Sherman, he contributed much to 
our success at Chattanooga, Kenesaw, Atlanta, Franklin, 
Nashville, etc. In 1865-66, while Inspector of the Army, 
lie was sent through nearly all of the late rebel States, to 
observe affairs, reduce government expenditures, etc.; in 
1866-67 ^^ ^^3S ordered overland to the Pacific, to inspect 
all military depots and posts en roii/f, and return by the 
isthmus, with a view to reductions, cheapening supplies, etc. 
On his return he retired from the army, in September, 1867, 
and soon after resumed the practice of law at Trenton, New 
Jersey, While in the army he was so fortunate as to secure 
the confidence of Generals Sickles, Molt, Hooker, Meigs, 
Thomas, Sherman and Grant, and his promotions were made 



chiefly on their recommendations. In 1S6S he was nomi- 
nated for Congress by the Republican party, but failed of 
election — his district as then constituted being heavily Dem- 
ocratic. In 1S69 he was appointed United States Pension 
Agent for New Jersey, by President Grant, and in 1873 ^^'"^ 
reappointed. Meanwhile he has continued the practice of 
his profession, more or less, since 1867, and has been ad- 
mitted to practise in all the State and F'ederal courts in 
New Jersey. General Rusling has also shown considerable 
literary talent. He has been a frequent contributor to the 
newspapers and magazines, and in 1874 published a book 
entitled "Across America; or. The Great West and the 
Pacific Coast," being the results of his observations and ad- 
ventures through 15,000 miles of travel, while making his 
overland tour of inspection, in 1866-67. This has already 
passed through three editions, and its sale continues. The 
Boston Post declared it "A really charming volume." The 
New York Christian Advocate said : " The narrative is 
lively, the style forcible, and the facts reliable." The Phila- 
delphia A'orth American, in alluding to it, said : " General 
Rusling has written a capital book, in a capital way. The 
best-read persons will gain something from it, and to those 
unacquainted with recent travel it will be a liberal educa- 
tion." The New York Tribune pronounced it "A series 
of faithful, if not brilliant, sketches of personal incident and 
adventure, and it strikingly illustrates the development of 
utility, intelligence and material success in the great West 
and on the Pacific coast." The New York JJW/r/said it 
was " Not the usual routine of brigadier book-making, but 
it treats one to some new views of life among army people 
and miners." The San Francisco Bulletin said : " It 
abounds in incidents of travel, and occasionally of perilous 
adventure, marked by shrewd observations and sharp but 
good-natured hits at our social peculiarities." These are 
only a few of the many notices of it. Altogether, the 
press seems to have taken very kindly to it, doubtless much 
to the gratification of its author. 



I^OFFMAN, THEODORE J., L.awyer, of Clinton, 
was bom in Clinton township, Hunterdon county. 
New Jersey, his father being the late R. H. HofT- 
AC/F man, a prominent farmer, merchant and real estate 
operator. Under the tutorship of the Rev. Robei t 
Van ,\inburg he was prepared for college, the 
ihich he h.id carried his studies enabling him to 
enter Rutgers, in 1848, in the sophomore cl.ass. Gradu- 
ating in 1S51, he immediately began the study of law in 
the office of S. B. Ransom, then of Somerville, now a lead- 
ing practitioner al the Jersey City bar. Admitted to prac- 
tise in 1854, he est.ablished himself at Asbury, New Jersey, 
where he remained unlil 1S60, acquiring in ihat time a 
prominent posiiion in his profession. He was a staunch 
adherent to the Republican party, and a warm supporter 




0\A^^, 



BIOGRArillCAL ENCVCLOr.EDIA. 



259 



of President Lincoln, and in 1S63, when the war was at its 
height, lie sacnhced his professional prospects and enlisted 
as a private in the 8th New Jersey Regiment. He served 
with credit through the severe campaigns of the Army of 
the Potomac nearly two years, and was, with his regiment, 
honorably mustered out of the service after the surrender 
of Lee at Appomattox. He resumed the practice of law at 
Clinton, New Jersey, where he has since remained. Mr. 
HofTman has been engaged in a number of notable suits in 
the New Jersey courts ; that, perhaps, which gained him 
greatest credit, being the celebrated case of John F. Styne 
vs. The Central Railroad of New Jersey, a case in which he 
was one of several counsel, and in which he gained a sub- 
stantial verdict for his client. Mr, Hoffman was married, 
February 22d, 1855, to Amanda, daughter of the late Aaron 
Van Syckel. 



ILES, HON. NATHANIEL, of Madison, Lawyer, 
was born, September 15th, 1835, at South 
Kingston, Rhode Island. He is the son of Rev. 
£^,«g William W. Niles, of the Protestant Episcopal 
N^ Church, and grandson of Judge Nathaniel Niles, 
of Vermont. The latter was graduated at Prince- 
ton College, under the presidency of Rev. Dr. Witherspoon, 
the only clergyman appearing among the signatures to the 
Declaration of Independence. A second Nathaniel Niles, 
uncle of the subject of this sketch, successively represented 
the United States at the courts of France, Sardinia, and 
Austria. Nathaniel Niles, of Madison, was educated at 
home by his father and also at Phillips Academy, in Massa- 
chusetts. He settled in New Jersey in 1S54, and then 
afterwards studied law in the office of the late Francis B. 
Cutting, of New York, in which State he was admitted to 
practise in 1857. He removed in 1859 to Madison, where 
he was married to Anna, daughter of Lewis Thompson, of 
Morris county. He is a large property holder in this and 
Union county. His political belief is Republican, on which 
ticket he was elected in 1870 for the lower House of the 
State Legislature. He served on the important Committees 
on Railroads and on Education, and originated a number 
of useful laws. Amongst these, two call for special notice 
as of lasting importance. The first, which was finally passed 
over the veto of the governor, swells the State school fund, 
by transferring to it all moneys derived from the sale of 
riparian lands, and reads as follows : "An act to increase 
the school fund of this State, i. Be it enacted by the 
Senate and General Assembly of the State of New Jersey, 
That all moneys hereafter received from the sales and 
rentals of the land under water belonging to this State, 
shall be paid over to the trustees of the school fund and ap- 
propriated for the support of free public schools, and shall 
be held by them in trust for that purpose, and shall be in- 
vested by the treasurer of the Stale under their direction, in 



the same manner as the funds now held by them ate in- 
vested, the same to constitute a pan ol the permanent school 
fund of the State, and the interest thereof to be applied lo 
the support of public schools in the mode which now is or 
hereafter may be directed by law, and to no other pui 
pose whatever. 2. And be it eiiaclcd. That all acts and 
parts of acts, inconsistent with this act, be, and the same are 
hereby repealed. 3. And be it enacted. That this act shall 
take effect immediately. Passed, April 6th, 1871.' Prior 
to the passage of this act, the total school fund of the State 
was only half a million dollars. Since its passage ihe fund 
has been increased from this source lo nearly two and one 
quarter million dollars, and in the next decade is expected 
to amount to five millions. The income of it will doubtless 
at no very distant day entirely relieve the people from the 
annual school tax. It now affords relief from taxation to 
more than gioo.ooo annually. The second law encourages 
the formation of free school libraries by donating out of the 
State treasuiy the sum of twenty dollars, with which to 
purchase books the first year in each and every school dis- 
trict in which the additional sum of twenty dollars shall be 
raised for that purpose by voluntary contribution, and ten 
dollars annually thereafter upon the like conditions. Under 
this act some four hundred libraries are now in operation. 
Mr. Niles was re-elected hi 1 87 1 by an immensely increased 
majority, and on the organization of the House was chosen 
Speaker. He is Vice-President of the American Trust 
Company of Newark, and also Trustee for several large 
estates. 

fISHER, SAMUEL WARE, D. D., LL. D., Cler- 
gyman and College President, was born at Mur 
ristown. New Jersey, on April 5lh, 1814. His 
f^^^ father was an eminent Presbyterian minister, for 
^~S\'-* many years in charge of the church at Morristovvn, 
then one of the largest in the State; and after- 
ward for twenty years the pastor of the Presbyterian Church 
in Paterson. He was the first Moderator of the General 
Assembly of the New School body after its separation from 
the old, and was long recognized as one of the most earnest 
workers in the church, to whose welfare his life was conse- 
crated. To the example and counsels of such a father was 
natur.ally owing something of the tastes and tendencies of the 
son. Dr. Fisher w.as early initialed into the modes of thought 
and action common to the great body with which he was 
connected. Its traditions were all familiar to him from boy- 
hood. The choice of a profession to a young man is some- 
times difficult ; the result of anxious deliberation, the 
conclusion reached through much doubt and conflict. To 
him it was easy; a profession to which his life had been 
naturally and divinely shaped ; the most satisfying and best, 
he thought, which can be chosen' by man. His desires and 
wishes, his purposes and ambitions, if the word may be used 
in its better sense, opened out in the direction of work for 



EIOGRAPIIICAL ENXVCLOr.EDIA. 



and through the Presbyterian Church. Here was ground 1 an intellectual and moral power in the city. The young 
ample and noble, whose every hillside and vale were famdiar j gathered about hmi, and he prepared more than one series 
to hmi, and it is perfectly natural that he should always { of discourses particularly adapted to their tastes and wants, 
have felt himself must at home with the congregations and One of these series, "Three Great Temptations," published 
presbyteries, the synods and assemblies of this powerful j in 1852, went through six editions. In no other place did 
body. He was graduated at Vale College in 1835, spent a he labor continuously so long as in Cincinnati, and to this 
year in Middlettwn, Connecticut, pursued his theological j p-riod he afterward looked back as on the whole the most 
studies at Princeton for two years, and completed them 



afterwards at Union Theological Seminary in New York. 
Immediately aftei leaving the seminary he became the 
minister of the Presbyterian church in West Bloomfield, 
New Jersey. During his ministry of a little more than four 
years in this place his fidelity was crowned WMth two revivals 
of religion. From there he removed in 1843 'o » larger 
and more trying field of labor, being installed on the 13th 
of October in that year as pastor of the Fourth Presbyterian 
Church of Albany. This position was one of unusual deli- 
cacy and difficulty. The church was probably, at that time, 
the largest in the whole denomination, having more than 
nine hundred names upon the roll of its communicants. 
The important work of his predecessors he supplemented by 
other work quite as important in forming a complete and 
sound Clnistiaii character, and a vigorous and active Chris- 
tian church. The work that he did there has not lost its 
value by the lapse of years, nor is the estimation of its im- 
portance in the judgment of the most judicious observers 
less than at first. The extent of his Veputation as a vigorous 
and effective preacher may be indicated by the fact that, in 
October, 1S46, he was called to succeed the most popular, 
the most widely known, and the most powerful preacher of 
the New School body, in the Second Presbyterian Church of 
Cincinnati, Dr. Lyman Beecher, and entered on the duties 
of the service in April, 1847. It was not a small thing then 
for a minister still young, comparatively unknown, to follow 
in pulpit ministrations the most renowned pulpit orator, the 
most powerful controversialist of the West; not an easy 
task, with prudence, skill, commanding vigor, and above 
all, with Christian fidelity and with a view to the broadest 
Christian success, to maintain his position, to secure the 
confidence, the good-will, the sympathy of a large and un- 
usually intelligent congregation, of various political affini- 
ties, trained to vigorous and discriminating thought. Here 
was not only opportunity but imperative demand for large 
and exhaustive labor. Here were conflicting opinions to 
■ harmonize, critical minds to satisfy, plans for Christian labor 
to be formed, machinery to be organized and put in motion, 
new evils to be met by new methods, the life and vigcr of 
the church itself to be maintained in the midst of peculiar 
temptations, and so a larger and completer Christian 
household gathered and inspired. This was the work 
which he performed. The difficulties of his position stimu- 
lated his energy. He was in the full vigor of every faculty. 
The field of labor was broad and full of encouragement. 
His words w-ere not spoken to the empty air, but came back 
laden with the murmurs of approving voices. He became 



ccessful and fortunate of his life. He was in his chosen 
employment, his manly energies at their highest vigor ; a 
working church, trained and stimulated by large foresight, 
in full sympathy with him, accepting his leadership, and 
cheerfully co-operating in Christian word and work. His 
ministry in this church was eminently successful — one hun* 
dred and seventy-eight persons having been added to the 
church by profession and two hundred and forty-eight by 
letter during the eleven years of his pastorate. His charac- 
ter was a rare combination of mildness and energy. He 
possessed the faculty of discovering the capabilities and 
most valuable characteristics of those with whom he asso- 
ciated, and of infusing into them the ardor and zeal which 
animated his own heart. He developed the latent energies 
and abilities of the Second Presbyterian Church and con- 
gregation in a remarkable degree, and by his skill in organ- 
izing and combining individual talent into congenial asso- 
ciation for Christian work, accomplished great results for 
the cause of his Master. Thus quietly operating, he put in 
motion various plans and organizations in the church which 
resulted in great and lasting usefulness. Among them was 
the Young Men's Home Missionary Society, so successful 
in establishing Sabbath schools, providing for vacant 
churches, and other works of a similar character. He 
awakened an unusual interest in Foreign Missions by ap- 
pointing different members of the church to make reports at 
the monthly concerts on the condition of the important 
foreign stations. He held regular meetings at his own 
house of the younger members of the church for devotion, 
consultation and advice. In numerous ways he was con- 
stantly leading on the church in matters of Christian enter- 
prise. During the eleven years of his service in the great 
commercial city of Ohio, his mind had not been growing 
narrower, nor, engaged as he constantly was in duties most 
important and exacting, had he forgotten the claims of 
science and letters, or failed to meet the demands upon his 
time and talents necessary to their encouragement. The 
schools, colleges and professional seminaries of the Stale, 
and of neighboring States, heard his voice and felt his in- 
fluence whenever he could say a word or lift a finger for 
their help. It was natural also that, occupying so promi- 
nent a place, he should have been called upon for various 
public services, and become of influence in the larger assem- 
blies of the church. In 1857 the New School General As- 
sembly of the Presbyterian Church met at Cleveland. Of 
this learned and able body Dr. Fisher was chosen Moderator. 
The subject of slavery had been discussed in more than one 
General Assembly, and the system strongly condemned. The 



B10GRAr;:iCAL encvclop.edia. 



2f)l 



southern members had as frequently protested against these 
deliverances, and ni 1S56 did not hesitate to acknowledge 
that their views ui respect to the evil of slavery had mate- 
rially changed, and they openly avowed that they now ac 
cepted the system, believing it to be right according to 
the Bible. This position the assembly at Cleveland 
pointedly condemned, while yet expressing a tender sympa- 
thy for those who deplore the evil, and are honestly doing 
all m their power for the present well-being of their slaves, 
and for their complete emancipation. These ideas of the 
two parties were too radically antagonistic, too deeply held, 
too frequently and publicly affirmed to allow fraternal co- 
operation. The southern synods thereupon withdrew, and 
formed themselves into a separate body, called the United 
Synod of the Presbyterian Church. It was in reference to 
this secession that, in the sermon before the General Assem 
lily of 1858, in Chicago, with which, as retiring Moderator, 
he opened the sessions of that body. Dr. Fisher used these 
strong and generous words : " Fathers and brethren, minis- 
ters and elders, we assemble here amidst the brightness of 
scenes of revival, scenes such as the church of Christ, per 
haps, has never enjoyed so richly before. But as my eye 
passes over this audience, a sh.ide of sadness steals in upon 
my heart. There are those who have been wont to sit with 
us in this high council, whose hearty greeting we miss to- 
day. Taking exception to the ancient, the uniform, the 
oft-repeated testimony of our church, as well as to the mode 
of its utterance, respecting one of the greatest moral and 
organic evils of the age ; deeming it better to occupy a plat- 
form foreign, indeed, to the genius of our free republican 
institutions,, yet adapted, in their view, to the fuller promul- 
gation of the Gospel in the section where they dwell, they 
have preferred to take an independent position ; and while 
we cannot coincide with them in their views on this subject, 
while we know that this separation has been precipitated 
upon us, not sought by us, yet, remembering the days when, 
with us, they stood shoulder to shoulder against ecclesias 
tical usurpation and revolution, when in deepest sympathy 
we have gone to the house of God in company, and mingled 
our prayers before ,1 common mercy-seat, we cannot but 
pray for their peace and prosperity. We claim no monop 
oly of wisdom and right. If in our course hitherto we 
have been moved to acts or deeds unfr.iternal or unbefitting 
our mutual relations — if in the attempt to maintain our an 
cient principles and apply the Gospel to the heart of this 
gigantic evil, we have given utterance to lau'^unge that has 
tended to exasperate rather than quicken to duly, we claim 
no exemption from censure, we ask the forgiveness we are 
equally ready to accord." From the delivery of this able 
and w-eighty discourse on the " Conflict and Rest of the 
Church," of the style and spirit of which the above 
brief extract may give an imperfect notion, he went 
directly to Clinton, New York, having been already con- 
sulted respecting the presidency of Hamilton College. He 
entered upon his duties at the opening of the f.dl term of 



185S, the ceremonies of the iiiaugur.Uion not taking place 
until the 4th of November. The college had risen far above 
Its earlier difficulties, and under a wise adinmislratiun had 
for many years enjoyed an honorable reputation fur thorough- 
ness of instruction and discipline, but its resources were still 
insufficient, and its appeals for aid had not been quite loud 
enough to reach the ear of the wealthy and the liberal. To 
the period of his presidency dates the growth of a greater 
confidence in the college, the endowments of its professor- 
ships and charitable foundations, and prizes for the encour- 
agement of good learning, bearing honored names in this 
and in neighboring communities, never to be forgotten. 
From this period dates also the effective enlargement, almost 
the new creation of the general funds of the college, and an 
impetus and direction imparted to the libernlily of the gen- 
erous and noble minded which has not ceased, but has 
yielded but the first-fruits of an increasing harvest. During 
his presidency the efficiency of the college instruction was 
increased. Under his influence and in accordance with his 
wishes the Bible assumed a more prominent place as a part 
of the regular curriculum, a place which it has ever since re- 
tained, for the advantage of all. His views of the ends 
and methods of education are contained in several ad- 
dresses which he delivered at different times, and winch 
were afterwards collected and published. The very sub- 
jects of these are suggestive of broad and careful thought. 
They are such as "Collegiate Education," "Theological 
Training," "The Three Stages of Education" (by which 
he discriminates child-life, the school and society), " Ftm.ile 
Education," "The Supremacy of Mind," "Secular and 
Christian Civilization,' " Natural Science in its Relations 
to Art and Theology." These addresses are eloquent and 
sound. The most complete of them, perhaps, is his inau- 
gural, in which he endeavors to develop his idea of what 
he calls the American collegiate system. The whole address 
is an argument for breadth and loftiness of culture. The 
scheme which it defends and enforces is noble and generous 
to the last degree. In 1S62, in the midst of the civil war, 
occurred the semicentennial celebration of the founding of 
Hamilton College, a memorable occasion, marking the age 
and progress of the institution as with a tall memorial shaft 
visible from afar. The address of Dr. Fisher is an admira- 
ble sketch of the college history, portraying in picturesque 
language the events of its early and later life, with enlhusi- 
asm and faith commending it to the good will of its alumni 
and friends, and predicting its future prosperity. " It was," 
he said, " amid the smoke and thunder of war that, fifty 
years ago, the foundations of this college were laid; and 
when they passed away, lo ! on the hill-top had sprung into 
being a power mightier than the sword, more glorious than 
its triumphs. It is amid the heavier thunder and darker 
clouds of this dread conflict, when all that to us is most 
precious is in peril, that we celebrate our semi-centennial 
jubilee. This thunder shall roll away and the cloud dis- 
perse before the uprising patriotism of twenty millions of 



262 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 



freemen and the red right arm of the Lord of hosts." That 
was indeed to the nation an hour of darkness, when the 
light was as darltness, but he never "bated one jot of heart 
or hope," or failed to act up to his patriotic faith. After a 
service of eight years in Hamilton College, he was so- 
licited to accept ag.iin the position of pastor by the West- 
minster Church of Utica, New York, and was installed as 
p\stor November 15th, 1867. For nearly four years of 
active and progressive work the church enjoyed the mmis- 
trations and stimu>ating energy of this able, active, and 
untiring pastor. There was yet one other occasion not to 
be forgotten in which he bore a prominent part in a 
great and memorable public service, whose influence is in- 
calculable ; viz., the measures which led to the reunion of 
the separated branches of the Presbyterian Church. There 
was no object, perhaps, nearer his heart, none which more 
moved his enthusiasm. The disruption had taken place in 
1837, just before he entered upon his ministry. His father 
was the first Moderator of the New School Assembly. The 
doctrines and the men, the causes and the consequences, he 
had heard discussed from his boyhood, and in the reunion 
of the two branches of the church he was relied upon as 
among the most judicious counsellors m the very delicate 
and difficult questions that impeded its progress and threat- 
ened to prevent its consummation. He was one of the able 
committee of conference appointed by the two assemblies, 
which reported the plan of reunion in 1869. Nor does he 
seem to have doubted the beneficent result. In behalf of the 
joint committee, he proposed the resolution for raising 
S 1, 000,000, immediately afterward raised to 55,000,000, as 
a memorial fund. His last work, to which he gave himself 
with all the confidence and enthusiasm of his nature, was to 
prepare a paper for the General Assembly of 1870, an as- 
sembly which he was never to see. He received the 
Doctorate of Divinity from Miami University in 1852, and 
the Doctorate of Laws from the University of the city of 
New York in 1859. As a preacher he must be held 
to rank among the ablest of the Presbyterian body. With 
all that may be said by w.ay of detracting criticism, it 
must still be allowed that our religious communities move 
along a pretty high level of intellectual experience and of 
religious feeling. To satisfy the reasonable demands of our 
congregations requires a continuous intellectual exertion, 
which, when we come to measure its force, is something 
■ startling. It is not a wonder that so many poor sermons are 
preached, but rather that there are so many good ones. But 
Dr. Fisher moved above, far above the common level. 
Within the ample dome of that forehead it was felt, at sight, 
there dwelt a powerful brain. He brought to his discourses 
a mind well stored and well disciplined. There was a ful- 
ness and richness of thought which left little or nothing in 
that direction to desire. An intellectual hearer could not 
fail to be attracted by his vigor. His style was often bold, 
sometimes picturesque, almost alw.ays clear and direct. His 
words were well chosen and exuberant. Thus full and 



weighty in matter, affluent in language, with no ambiguity 
of expression, fertile in imagery and illustration, with a 
voice clear and penetrating, and a manner somewhat au- 
thoritative, it IS not surprising that he was constantly sought 
for to address public bodies on important occasions, a duty 
which he always performed with dignity and to the satisfac- 
tion of his hearers. Tlie subjects of his discourses were va- 
rious, and as his mind was mainly occupied with grand and 
lofty themes, so there was a certain nobleness, freedom, and 
power of development, the natural and necessary fruit of his 
general studies and habits of thought. No man could ever 
listen to him when engaged upon those great themes 
with which his soul was filled, without a persuasion that he 
spoke from absolute conviction of the truth and an over- 
whelming sense of the importance of the message he bore 
as an embassador of Christ and a "legate of the skies." 
His ordinary discourses were full of thought as well as of 
feeling. Those who heard the course of sermons on the 
"Epistle to the Hebrews," and on the "Life of Christ," 
need not be told that a more remarkable series of discourses 
has seldom been heard from an American pulpit. There 
were public occasions also when he discussed great topics 
with a fulness and a power that left nothing more to be 
said, and with results of conviction in the minds of his au- 
ditors that nothing could shake, nothing even disturb. 
There are several of his discourses that would alone 
make a distinguished reputation for any man, and that are 
to be ranked among the highest efforts of the pulpit of his 
day. But not in the pulpit only did he shine. .So unusu- 
ally is marked excellence as a preacher combined with an 
equal excellence as a pastor, that it would not have been 
strange if he had proved comparatively inefficient in 
pastoral work. Nevertheless he did prove to be an excep- 
tionably good pastor. He gave living demonstration that 
one man may be both great preacher and good pastor. In 
all the families that made up his congregation, his name was 
a household word. Carrying everywhere an atmosphere of 
cheerfulness and sunshine, no one ever met him in social 
life without feeling the charm of his manners and conversa- 
tion. Slow to condemn and quick to sympathize, shrinking 
instinctively from wounding the feelings of any, and prompt 
in all offices of kindness and love, he won the hearts of his 
people to a most singular degree. Never was any pastor more 
universally beloved. The minister most covetous of the love 
of his people might well be satisfied with the measure of 
affection accorded to Dr. Fisher. A prince he was, not by 
virtue of any patent of nobility bestowed by an earthly mon 
arch, but by the direct gift of Heaven, with the royal signet 
of the giver legibly impressed thereon ; a prince in intellect, 
a prince in large and liberal culture, but over .and above all, 
a prince in active sympathies, warm affections, and a great 
human heart going out impulsively toward all that pertained 
to man, however lowly, or sin-stained, or despised, and de- 
voting his best powers and faculties to the good of the 
world and the glory of God. It was in the practical and 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOr.EDIA. 



263 



persistent consecration of the gifts antl graces with whicli he 
was endowed to these large and beneticcnt ends, that he 
earned the title, secured the honors, and olitained the re- 
wards of a prince and a great man in Israel. Such, most 
imperfectly, and in the merest outline sketched, was Dr. 
Samuel Ware Fisher up to the day and hour when, at the 
floiidtide of his influence, and apparently in the meridian 
fulness of his intellectual and moral powers, he was, by the 
mysterious stroke of an unseen hand, suddenly struck down, 
leaving him with the bounding pulse of life faintly flutter- 
ing, the bright eye dimmed, the eloquent tongue mute or 
incoherent. His half-executed plans, his high expectations, 
his large purposes arrested, nothing remained for him but 
with childlike trust and sweet patience to await the final 
summons, which, Janu,iry iSlh, 1874, at Cincinnati, Ohio, 
came in kindness to call him home. The temporary torpor 
of his faculties was at once dispelled, the clouds and the 
shadows that gathered about his setting sun have all been 
dissipated, the darkness has passed, and light perennial and 
eternal beams on him, for, in his own beautiful words, 
**.\nother Teacher, infinitely wise and good, is now leading 
him up the heights of knowledge, and in a moment he has 
learned more than men on earth can ever know." 



[EGHTE, HON. RYNIER H,, ex-State .Senator, 
near Somerville, was born on the farm where he 
now resides, April 22d, 1811. He is of Dutch 
descent, his ancestors having come to this country 
from Holland in the seventeenth century, and 
settled in Somerset county. New Jersey, where 
they purchased large tracts of land. The farm on which he 
was born and now lives has been in the family for two hun- 
dred years, and was the property of his grandfather, who 
passed his life as a farmer. In his boyhood Rynier H. 
Veghte received a substantial business education, studying 
diligently and improving to the utmost the opportunities af- 
forded him. When he had reached the age of fourteen he 
went to New York city, and there took a situation in a 
jobbing and importing crockery house. In the year 1S34 
he organized the firm of Veghte & Lippincott, and engaged 
in the jobbing and importing of crockery, earthenware, etc. 
In the disastrous fire of 1S35 their store was destroyed and 
he lost nearly all his property. He then accepted a position 
m the establishment of John Wright, Jr., who was engaged 
m the crockery business, and remained there for two years. 
At the end of that time he became a partner in the firm of 
Wright, Skiller & Co. In 1842 the style of the firm was 
changed to Veghte, Bergh & Burtis. He was eminently 
successful in business, and continued actively engaged in it 
until 1857, when he retired from business and took up his 
residence on the old homestead near Somerville, which has 
since been his home. In the fall of 1S60 he was nomi- 



nated by the Democrats for the position of .Slate .Scnnlor. 
He was elected by a handsome majority, and served a 
three years term. During his term of office he was one of ihe 
Committee on Corporations, of which his unquestioned in- 
tegrity and his large business experience made him a must 
valuable member. Although acting with the Democratic 
party, he is not and never has been a partisan or a politician 
in the ordinary acceptation of the term. When the war of 
the rebellion broke out, all his sympathy and influence were 
given to the administration in its defence of the government, 
and he was an earnest and practical friend of the Union sol- 
diers in the field. When the war closed his sympathies were 
still warm and active in behalf of the wounded and disal)Ied 
defenders of the country. In 1876, at the urgent solicita- 
tion of many leading citizens, he accepted an independent 
nomination for Congress, in opposition to the regular Dem- 
ocratic nominee. He was defeated at the polls, but the 
vote he received was a large and very flattering one, and 
he carried his own county by a majority of several hun- 
dreds, the remainder of his ticket being greatly in the mi- 
nority there. He is a man of sterling integrity, and pos- 
sesses the confidence of his fellow-citizens in a high degree. 
He is a Trustee of the State Normal School ; a member of 
the State Board of Education ; President of the Home for 
Disabled Soldiers ; a leading Director of the Somerset 
County Bank, and President of the Somerset County Agri- 
cultural Society. He was married, in 1835, to Maria 
Theresa Fredericks, of New York. 



EGHTE, JOHN O., Banker, of Somerville, son of 
Rynier Veghte, originally educated for the bar, but 
by choice a farmer, and the descendant of a Hol- 
landish family resident in New Jersey from colo- 
nial times, was born near Somerville, October 
13th, 1S24. Having received an academical edu- 
cation at Plainfield, New Jersey, under the supervision of 
the well-known Ezra Fairchild, he entered the sophomore 
class of Rutgers College, whence he graduated in 1844. I" 
the year of his graduation he was entered at the New Jersey 
bar, but after reading law for upwards of a twelvemonth, lie 
became convinced that the legal profession was not to liis 
taste. Abandoning his studies, he was engaged in mercan- 
tile pursuits for some four years, .and was then apjinintcd 
Teller in the Somerset County Bank. In banking he found 
a congenial pursuit, for which his exceptional financial 
ability well fitted him, and having served as Teller and as 
Cashier, was finally, in 1873, upon the resignation of Mr. 
Joshua Doughty, elected to the Presidency of the corpora- 
tion, a position that he still holds. Prominent in the East 
Jersey division of the Democratic party, he was urged in 
the State convention of 1S72 as a Congressional candidate, 
but was defeated by filibustering on the part of his rivals. 



264 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 



In the convention of 1876 he was again presented by his 
friends as a candidate and was again defeated. On both 
occasions a large majority of the delegates from Somerset 
were his supporters; and he was entitled, moreover, by 
party usage to the nomination. His success in 1876 would 
have been of essential service to the State, as his financial 
knowledge would have been well employed in the adjust- 
ment of the various monetary matters discussed in the en- 
suing session of the Legislature. In local politics he has 
been more successful, having been elected County Treasurer 
of Somerset in 1850, and since continuously re-elected to 
that office, which he ably fills. Among his fellow-towns- 
men he is highly esteemed for his integrity and business 
ability, a feeling testified to by his selection as trustee for a 
number of valuable estates. He married Sophia Veghte. 



fiTCII, CHARLES F., Lawyer, of- Phillipsburg, 
was born in 1844 at Edmeston, Otsego county. 
New York, whither his father. Ransom Fitch, a 
merchant, had removed from Pittsfield, Massachu- 
setts. The Fitch family, it may be mentioned, 
were among the early settlers of this old New 
England town. He was educated at the Mansfield, Penn- 
sylvania, Normal School, and upon his grailuation studied 
law and was admitted to practise at Easton, Pennsylvania. 
He subsequently read in the office of Judge Depue — now of 
the New Jersey Supreme Court — at Belvidere, and in 1S67, 
was admitted to the New Jersey bar. Establishing himself 
at Phillipsburg, he soon acquired an extensive practice, and 
has been, since 1873, Solicitor for the town. Since 1872 he 
has owned a controlling interest in the Warren Democrat, 
published at Phillipsburg. 

J ~""^ 

JeDLE, HON. JOSEPH DORSETT, Lawyer, ex- 



in 184S. With this gentleman he remained for three or 
four years, during this period attending the regular course 
of lectures at the Law School, Ballston, New York. One 
winter he passed at Poughkeepsie, New York, in the office 
of Thompson & Weeks, and w.-is admitted to the bar of 
New York State, as attorney and counsellor, in the spring 
of 1852. Returning to New Jereey, he passed a short time 
in the office of Hon. Henry S. Little, at Malawan, and was 
admitted to the bar of that State in January, 1853. He 
l)egan the practice of his profession in New Jersey, at Mat- 
awan, where he remained for two years. In the spring of 
1S55 he removed to Freehold. Here he soon made his 
value felt, and won a place among the leaders of the bar. 
A. large and valuable practice fell to him, and he was on 
the high road to wealth, when, in 1865, he was offered by 
Governor Parker a seat on the Supreme bench of the State. 
A high sense of the dignity of this position and of his duty 
to the community caused him to accept the appointment. 
His commission bore date March 23d, 1S65. His term ex- 
piring in 1872, he was reappointed by Gov ernor Parker, the 
reappointment doing honor to the governor as well as to 
the recipient, so worthily had he performed all the functions 
of his high office. On accepting the first appointment he 
moved his residence to Jersey City, that he might be at a 
convenient distance from all parts of his district, which com- 
prised the counties of Hudson, Passaic and Bergen. Just 
before the close of his first term — in 1S71 — he was promi- 
nently iiamed a» a candidate for Governor, but he himself 
took 00 steps whatever to secure the nomination, rather dis- 
countenancing the movement in his favor. Notwithstand- 
ing, his name was again brought forward in the canvass 
of 1874, and he received a unanimous nomination at the 
hands of the Democratic State Convention. He accepted 
the nomination only at the earnest and persistent appeal of 
the party, and then declared that as he had been nominated 
without any effort on his part, so he must be elected, if at 
all. The party had assumed the responsibility of the nomi- 
nation, and it must also undertake the labor of the cam- 



Jersey and Governor of the State, was born at 
Matawan, Monmouth county. New Jersey, Janu- 
ary 5th, 1831. He cOrnes of- an old Atnerican 



havin 

of 150 years ago. 



Associate-Justice of the Supreme Court of New paign. This course he was constrained to adojit, not from 

any lack of disposition to serve the political organization 
with which he had always been aflfiliated, or unwillingness 
to assume the dignity and responsibility of administering 
family on both sides, his maternSl an^store |^t]ie government of his State, but simply from a high sense 
emigrated to this countryfiom Bermuda upwards j of the impropriety of any action having a political bearing 
His father, Thomas J. Bedle, whose by one holding judicial office. To this declaration he ad- 
mediate ancestors were Jerseymeii; was a merchant, 'a jhered most strictly throughout the campaign, and it would 
Justice of the Peace for upwards of twenty-five years, and | certainly seem as though his high-minded determination 
a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas for the county of, were fully appreciated by the people at large, for he was 
Monmouth. His mother, Hannah Dorsett, descended from ' elected by one of the largest votes ever cast for governor in 
a family that was among the early settlers of Monmouth the Stale, although his opponent, Hon. George A. Halsey, 
c.mniy. Governor Bedle obtained his early educational , was one of the most popular men in the State. Most un- 
training in the academy at Matawan, then known as Mid- I mistakably was he called to his honorable post by the 
dielown Point. He was attracted toward the legal profes- 1 popular voice, and he has not disapiiointed the great ex- 
sion, and at an early age commenced his law studies under I pectations formed of him. His administration from the 
the veiy able direction of Hon. W. L. Dayton, in Trenton, ' first has been marked by ability, prudence, and a patriotism 




^^n-JM tiaJKlad'!' 




BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.^iDIA. 



265 



thai knows nothing luit the public welfare. He has proved 
himself a statesman of large views and noble aims, and 
stands to-day more firmly entrenched than ever in the 
respect and esteem of the community. In 1861 he was 
maiTied to Althea, daughter of Hon. Bennington F. Ran- 
dolph, of Freehold. In the fall of 1S75 'he College of New 
Jersey conferred on him the degree of LL. D. 



^UCE, WILLIAM, Lawyer, of Belvidere, was born 
in Sussex county. New Jersey, October 19th, 1S37, 
being the son of William Luce. Both his parents 
were natives of Warren county, in which their 
families were among the pioneer settlers. When 
William was about a year old, his father died. 
He attended the public schools and assisted on a farm until 
attaining his twentieth year, when he married Hulda Reed, 
daughter of Isaac Reed. After his marriage he was for 
three or four years engaged in teaching and farming. But 
these avocations not being wholly to his taste, and his am- 
bition drawing him toward the legal profession, he became, 
in 18S6, a student in the office of Judge J. M. Robeson, at 
Belvidere. Four years later he was licensed to practise as 
an attorney, and in 1874 he was called as a counsellor. 
By dint of good ability and careful attention he built up a 
very considerable practice, and aci:|uired an honorable po- 
sition at the bar of his county. He was notably successful 
in criminal cases, and during 1S76 defended several capital 
cases so .ably as to secure the acquittal of the defendants. 
He was counsel for the Board of Chosen Freeholders of 
Warren county, and filled the position with much accepta- 
bility. Bolitically, he was a Democrat, and took an active 
part in the .advancement of the interests of that party. He 
was wholly a self-made man, working into the profession, 
and to a good position therein, by his own unaided ability 
and persevering energy. He died in the early part of 1877. 



[INABERRY, JOHN S., M. D., Physician and 
.Surgeon, of Mountainville, was born near 
Schooley's Mountain Springs, Morris county, 
; ,fA- New Jersey. He is son of John Linaberry, 
b^i"^ a farmer of that county; his mother was Eliza- 
beth (Rodenbaugh) Linaberry. He comes of 
good revolutionary stock, his grandfather on the maternal 
side having fought in the war for national independence. 
John S. Linaberry attended the public schools in Hunter- 
don county, to which his father had removed while John 
was yet a small boy. Having acquired the elements of a 
sound education, he engaged for a short time in teaching. 
With a desire for seeing something of the country, and es- 
pecially of the West, he started out in the fall of 1854, 
34 



and employed about three years travelling through several 
Slates. For a considerable part of this time he was a stu- 
dent at Ann Arbor University, Michigan. In the spring 
of 1858 he returned to New Jersey, and began the study of 
medicine with Dr. William S. Crevling, entering, in the 
fall of the same year, the University of the City of New 
York, where he graduated with the class of 1861, in com- 
pany with Drs. Kline, Taylor and Henry, prominent physi- 
cians of the South, and Dr. B. A. Watson, of New Jersey. 
The faculty of the institution at that time consisted of Pro- 
fessors Valentine Mott, D. D., LL. D. ; Martin Paine, D. D., 
LL. D.; J. W. Draper, D. D., LL. D. ; G. S. Bedford, 
M. D.; A. C. Post, M. D.; W. H. Van Buren, M. D.; J. G. 
Metcalf, M. D. Soon after graduating Dr. Linaberry settle<l 
at Mountainville, New Jersey. His medical studies had 
been pursued with an especial view to service in the navy, 
and he had therefore given particular attention to surgery 
and epidemic diseases. This line of study peculiarly filled 
him for the professional labors that devolved upon him on 
his settlement at Mountainville, for he was almost immedi- 
ately called upon to grapple with that most insidious dis- 
ease, diphtheria, which had assumed an epidemic form not 
only in that neighborhood, but over a considerable extent 
of country. His treatment proved so successful that he was 
called in consultation with physicians much beyond the 
limits of his usual practice. At the present time his prac- 
tice by steady growth has become one of the largest in the 
county. Repeatedly he has been asked to settle in some 
of the larger towns of the State, but he has so far preferred 
to remain amid the scenes of his early professional suc- 
cesses. While manifesting a strong partiality for surgeiy, 
his practice is a general one in all branches of the profes- 
sion. He is a gentleman of high culture and social worth. 
While his political opinions are those of the Democratic 
party, he takes no active part in politics, simply discharging 
his duties as a citizen in accordance with his sense of what 
IS due from each member of the community. He was mar. 
ried, in 1862, to Ellen Robinson, of Hunterdon county. 
New Jersey. 



ARTLES, CHARLES, Lawyer and Bank Presi. 
dent, of Flemington, w.as born at New German- 
town, Hunterdon county, New Jersey, March 
iSth, iSoi. The family were among the early 
settlers of the county, and have largely con- 
tributed toward its development. His grand- 
father, while serving in the cavalry of Frederick the Great, 
was captured by the I'Vench, but succeeded in effecting his 
escape; proceeding by w.ay of Amsterdam, he reached Lon- 
don, whence he managed to get to this country, stopping 
first in Philadelphia, but finally settling at New German- 
town. Charles' father was Andrew Baltics, who married a 
Miss Plumb, of New Brunswick, New Jersey. His grand- 
father, on the maternal side, was a lieutenant in General 



265 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA. 



Wasliingion's army, and was with it in Morristown while 
his home in New Brunswick was occupied by British offi- 
cers. A table on which these British officers messed is still 
in the possession of Charles Bartles. Both his grandfathers 
■tvere manufactUrefs of forged ifon. At a later day Mr. 
Andrew Bartles removed to the head-quarters of the Sus- 
quehanna, and built the first flour mill in that vicinity, 
shipping his products by rafts and bonts to Baltimore. He 
projected a roiite by canal from that point, but the plan fell 
through owing ttj the discovery of the shorter one lo the 
seaboard, now represented by the Erie Canal. Charles 
Bartles was educated at the common schools, and fitted for 
college at Lamington, New Jersey. He became a student 
ill Union College, and graduated with the class of 1821, 
among his cla-ssmates being Governor Seward, of New 
York, and Rev. Dr. Messier, of the Reformed Church, of 
New Jersey. In the spring of 1822 he entered the law 
office of Nathaniel Saxton, at Flemington, New Jersev, as 
a law student, and Was admitted to practise three years 
subsequently. He Was now fairly launched upon a career, 
having reached his vantage point by his own unaided ef- 
forts, for his friends wete liriable to assi.st him either to 
secure a college course or legal training. In this prepara- 
tion, however, he had incurred a certain pecuniary indebt- 
edness, .ind to its liquidation he immediately devoted him- 
self, cancelling the whole by the time his twenty-fifth year 
was attained. His practice was begun, and Was continued 
• until 1854, at Flemington, Hon. Alexander ^Vu^ts, P, J, 
Clark, William Mdxwell, Nathaniel Saxton and himself 
then constituting the Hunterdon county bar. In 1832, in 
coiinection with A. V.in Syckel, he engaged largely in real 
estate operations, which were continued until i860. Dur- 
ilig this period they handled farming property amounting in 
value to over a quarter of a million of dollars, and all these 
sales were settled without the foreclosure of a niorlgftge, the 
return of a property, or the distress of a purchaser in any 
way. Ill 1853 he turned his attention to railroad matters, 
and finally succeeded irt securing the construction of the 
Flemington Railroad, giving Flemington direct railroad 
communication with Philadelphia, and conferring most 
suljstantial advantages not only on the town itself, but on 
a large tract of intervening country. A year later, in com- 
pany with J. Reading and Mr. Fisher, he engaged in the 
lumber business, and purchased large tracts of pine timber 
in Pennsylvania, on Bennett's branch of the Annamahanoy, 
erecting mills both there and at Willi.imsport. They dis- 
posed of their lumber largely to wholes.-»le dealers. The 
investment proved exceedingly profitable, for, in addition to 
the timber on the land, a large portion of the property was 
found to be underlaid with coal, and it is now accessible to 
railroads. Mr. Bartles is officially connected with several 
incorporated enterprises. In 1858 he was elected President 
of Hunterdon County Natiomd Bank, one of the soundest 
financial institutions in the St.ate. He is a Director of the 
Belvidere & Delaw.are Railroad, and of the Flemincfton 



Railroad ; of the latter he was President until it became a 
part of the Pennsylvania Railroad. In politics he was a 
Democrat up to the oufEreak' of the late vv.ir; smce th.it 
lime he has acted with the Republicans. He has been 
twice married. His first wife, to whom he was united m 
1833, was Eliza Hart, daughter of Neil Hart; she died m 
1844. His second wife, who still survives, was Miss Randle 
daughter of Daniel W. Randle, of New Hartford, New' 
York. 



^&, 



.?! 






OOK, GENERAL \VILLIAM, Cliief Engineer 
of the Camden & Amboy Railroad, a leading 
citizen of New Jersey, late of Hoboken, New 
Jersey, was a native of this State, and a graduate 
of the United States Military Academy at West 
Point. Immediately after graduating he entered 
the Engineer Corps of the army, and served for several 
years, being employed principally upon government ex- 
plorations and surveys. In 1S30 he left the army to accept 
the position of Engineer of the Cnmden & Amboy Railroad 
Company, in which position he remained until his death, 
which occurred April 2Ist, 1865. 



ONDIT, SILAS, an eminent citizen of New Jersey, 

late of Newark, New Jersey, held, during the 

course of his long and useful life, numerous 

offices of importance. He was an active and 

valued member of the St.ate Legislature; from 

1831 to 1833 was a represenl.ative in Congress; 

was a member of the convention which formed the present 

Constitution of New Jersey; and in 1856 w.as an Elector on 

the Fillmore ticket. He was a man of spotless private 

character; was at all times intimately identified with the 

development of his section and State; and at a critical 

moment was ever willing and prompt to place a helping 

shoulder to the wheel of state. He died in Newark, New 

Jersey, December 2Sth, 1861, aged eighly-four years. 



OWE, COLONEL JOHN, late of New Bruns- 
wick, New Jersey, was born in that place, No- 
vember I5ih, 1S09. ITpon the outbreak of the 
war with Mexico, having some militaiy knowl- 
edge, and feeling that his country needed the 
services of every gallant and useful citizen, he 
accepted the command of the 4th Ohio Regiment and pro- 
ceeded to the seat of war, where he sen-ed efficiently with 
his comrades in arms until the disbandnient, in 1S48. 
Upon the opening of the rebellion he once more tendered 



BIOGRAPHICAL E^XyCLOP^DIA. 



267 



his sword in behalf of the Union, and, upon the organiza- 
tion of the 1 2th Regiment, was unanimously chosen as its 
Colonel. His force, united with the Cox brigade, was then 
put in motion, and advanced up Ihe Kanawha river. The 
only battle necessary to clear the Kanawha valley of the 
rebels was fought by the 12th Regiment, and under his 
command. He was killed at Carnifex Ferry, September 
loth, l86i,at a time when, recognizing the vital importance 
of the coming contest, he was zealously occupying himself 
in planning certain measures designed for the considera- 
tion of his superiors, and tending to illustrate his views 
concerning the southern outburst. 



/ 
|toRNOLD, GEORGE ("McArone"), Editor and 
''* =^ Poet, late of Strawberry Farms, New Jersey, was 
widely known as the author of the " McArone " 
papers and several biographical works, and by 
various contributions ^o Vanity Fair, The Lender, 
and other journals. He was also the author of 
several poems of remarkable sweetness, and in his literary 
essays exhibited much poetic feeling, keen insight into 
human nature, and a delight in genial, unobtrusive sar- 
casm. During the progress of the late war of the rebel- 
lion he did honorable service in the cause of the country, 
and for a long time performed military duty at one of the 
forts on Staten Island. The " McArone " papers attracted 
much attention and excited great comment at the time of 
their publication, and at once brought their author favorable 
recognition. He died at Strawbery Farms, November 3d, 
1865. 



f 



(si 



'RANE, REV. JAMES C, Missionary, late of 
Morristown, New Jersey, was born in that place, 
January nth, 1794. In 1805 he removed with 
his father to New York, and while there served 
an apprenticeship at a trade. Thrown amidst 
many temptations, he soon found himself beset 
by vicious companions and blamable tendencies; but, in 
consequence of the remembered lessons of a deceased 
mother, experienced severe and constantly recurring re- 
bukes of conscience. In 1813, finally, he turned, in 
anguish of mind, to piety, and sought consolation in re- 
ligious fervor and devotion. Thenceforward he experi- 
enced the strongest desires for the conversion of the 
heathen ; and, determined to become a missionary, he, 
while still an apprentice, attended the lectures of Dr. 
Mason, and was directed in his studies by Rev. J. M. 
Matthews. In April, 1817, he was ordained, and a few 
days after repaired as a missionary to the Indians in Tus- 
carora village, where he continued to labor until Septem- 
ber, 1823, when he was appointed General Agent of the 



United Foreign Mission Society. In May, 1825, he was 
ajipointed as successor to Mr. Lewis, Secretary for Domestic 
Correspondence. In the same year he visited the Indians 
m the western part of New York and in Ohio, returniiif 
thence ultimately with his health seriously impaired. The 
society being now about to be merged in another, he w a-, 
chosen Assistant Secretary of the American Bible .Sociely. 
While stricken down Ijy mortal sickness, his mind was 
still occupied incessantly in musing over the great work 
to which he had devoted his life and energies, and his 
thoughts were all for those yet unconverted. He died, 
January 12th, 1826, aged thirty two years. 



/ 
ARON, REV. SAMUEL, a Baptist Clergyman, 
Teacher and Author, late of Mount Holly, New 
Jersey, was a native of New Britain, Pennsyl- 
vania, and of \Velsh Irish extraction. Left an 
orphan at the early age of six years, he was 
placed under the care of an uncle, upon whose 
farm he worked for several years, spending a portion of the 
winter months in a district school. Inheriting a small 
patrimony from his father, he entered the academy at 
Doylestown when about sixteen years of age, and there 
pursued a course of studies in the higher branches. While 
in his twentieth year he connected himself with the classi- 
cal and mathematical school at Burlington, New Jersey, as 
a student and assistant teacher, and subsequently, after his 
marriage, opened a day-school at Bridge Point, later be- 
coming Principal of an academy at Doylestown. In 1829 
he was ordained as a imiiister, and became pastor of the 
Baptist Cliuich al Nt-w Britain. In 1S33 he took charge 
of the Burliiigtun Hiyh ScliunI, hnliling at the same time 
the pastorate of the church in tliat place. In 1841, accept- 
ing a call to the chinch at Norristown, Pennsylvania, he 
removed thither, and after preaching about three years re- 
signed the pastorate, and, removing to the suburbs, founded 
the Treemount Seminary, which, under his judicious man- 
agement, became widely and favorably known throughout 
eastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey, not only for the 
number of its sUuleiUs, but fur the thoroughness of the in- 
struction affurden them. Finding himself involved in the 
financial crisis of 1857, through indorsements for a friend, 
he gave up Treemount to his creditors, and removing to 
Mount Holly accepted a call to the pastorate of the Baptist 
Church, a position he retained till the time of his decease. 
In September of the same year he, in cooperation with liis 
son, Charles Aaron, became the Principal of the Mount 
Holly Institute, and continued engaged in the charge of his 
responsible duties as educator up to the time of the brief 
illness which terminated an honor.able and useful life. He 
was twice tendered the Presidency of the New York Cen- 
tral College, but on each occasion deemed it for the !)est to 
decline the proffered honor. He was the author of many 



26S 



BIOGRAPHIOVL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 



valuable improvements in texl-books, and was admirably 
qualified to preside as spiritual guide, and also as tutor in 
the higher departments of learning. He died at Mount 
Holly, New Jersey, April nth, 1S65, aged sixty-five years. 



y 



'ITGREAVES, HON. CHARLES, Lawyer, 
Banker, Legislator, of Phillipsburg, was born, 
April 22d, 1803, at Easton, Pennsylvania, but 
has resided at Phillipsburg, New Jersey, since 
1S05. His father was the Hon. William Sit- 
greaves, a prominent citizen of that place, his 
mother belonging to a family of Scotch descent. His own 
family, proper, is English, his great-grandfather having emi- 
grated to this country. He was educated at Easton, and in 
:S2I entered the law office of his uncle, the Hon. .Samuel 
Sitgreaves, one of the most distinguished men of Pennsyl- 
vania of his lime — long a leading member of Congress; 
niJnager of the celebrated Blount impeachment case; com- 
missioner to settle the claims of and against England under 
the Jay treaty, and counsel for the United States in the 
John Fries case, impeached for high treason. Under the 
care of this eminent barrister and statesman Mr. Charles 
Sitgreaves had every advantage for study and for acquiring 
a practical knowledge of the working rules of his profes- 
sion. He was admitted to the Pennsylvania bar in 1824, 
and began practice at Easton; subsequently he was ad- 
mitted to the bar of New Jersey, and practised in the courts 
of both States. Entering into politics in New Jersey, he 
was elected to the Assembly in 1S31 and 1833. He was 
elected a member of the State Council in 1834; he was at 
one lime Vice-President of that body, a position correspond- 
ing with that of the present Speaker of the Senate. During 
the years 1852-54 he was a member of the State Senate, 
and at this period wrote and published his " Manual of 
Legislative Practice and Order of Business," which was 
adopted by the Legislature. While in office he secured the 
passage of bills abolishing public executions, and making 
certain household goods exempt from execution. In 1864 
he was elected to Congress from the Third District, and two 
years later was re-elected. During his Congressional ser- 
vice he was attached to the Committee on Military Affairs; 
strongly opposed the Republican basis of reconstruction, 
and against that basis made one of the strongest speeches 
of the session. He has been repeatedly urged as a candi- 
date for Governor of the State, When Phillipsburg was 
incorporated, in 1861, he had the honor of being elected the 
first Mayor of the city. For many years he was an active 
member of the New Jersey State Militia, commanding, with 
the rank of Major, an independent uniformed battalion. 
Up to the time of his first election to Congress, he was 
Trustee of the State Normal School, from 1855 to 1864. 
When the Belvidere, Delaw.ire & Lackawanna Railroad 
Company was organized, he was elected to the Presidency 



of that body, holding the position until 1S73, when the 
company was consolidated with the Pennsylvania Railroad 
Company. He still remains upon the Board of Direclion 
of the old organiz.ation. In 1856, upon its foundation, he 
was elected President of the Phillipsburg Bank — now the 
Phillipsburg National Bank — a position that he .still holds. 
He was married, October 25th, 1S25, to J.ine Louisa, 
daughter of Samuel De Puy, Esq., of Milford, Pennsyl- 
vania. His son, Mr. Charles Sitgreaves, Jr., served with 
distinction during the late war as Captain in the 1st 
Regiment New Jersey Volunteers. 



/ 



fTODDARD, JOHN F., Professor, late of Kearny, 
near Newark, New Jersey, was born in Green- 
field, Ulster county. New York, July 20th, 1825. 
^. _, His early years were passed upon a farm, with 
C|\ only such limited means of education as the com- 
mon school afTorded. As years advanced the 
desire for an increased and more liberal store of knowledge 
grew stronger within him, and he spent several months in 
the academy, but at eighteen commenced teaching. Later 
he entered the New York State Normal School, and upon 
his graduation therefrom, in 1847, entered upon his life 
work as an educator. His fondness for mathematical 
science gave him a remarkable facility for clearness in 
teaching, and his enthusiasm won the interest of his pupils, 
arousing them to thought and study, and in turn fitting 
them for the work of teaching. He delivered a series of 
lectures before his normal classes and teachers' institutes, 
in which with great earnestness he set forth the noble and 
high purpose of the teacher. His remarkable success as an 
author is evinced by the great popularity of his series of 
mathematical textbooks — a popularity scarcely inferior to 
that of any other series in this country. As an enduring 
testimony of his love for mathematical science, he let't a 
fund to Rochester University, furnishing a gold medal worth 
one hundred dollars to the student who should pass the best 
examin.ation in mathematics, provided he reached a certain 
absolute standard, which standard was so high that at one 
examination the medal was not awarded. He died at 
Kearny, near Newark, New Jersey, August 6th, 1873, aged 
forty-eight years. 

v/ ~^^^ 

ENRY, ALEXANDER, Pioneer and Traveller, 
late of Montreal, Canada, was born in New Jer- 
sey, m August, 1739. In 1760 he accompanied 
the expedition of Amherst, and was present at the 
reduction of Fort de Levi, near Ontario, and the 
surrender of Montreal. In descending tlie river 
he lost three boats, and saved his life only after great exer- 
tions by clinging to the bottom of one of them. Immediately 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 



269 



afler the reduction of Canada his enterprising and energetic 
spirit induced him to engage in the fur trade, wliich he 
pursued for several years. In 1760 he visited the upper 
lakes, and during sixteen years travelled in the north- 
western parts of America, often an actor in these years in 
scenes of extreme peril and romantic adventure. In iSog 
he published in New York an interesting volume of de- 
scription and reminiscences under the title of " Travels in 
Canada and the Indian Territories between the Years 1760 
and 1776." He was a man of warm affections; a dauntless 
pioneer and hunter, and possessed an observant and mquir- 
ing mind. 



<ORMAN, SAMUEL R., A. M., M. D., of Jersey 
(>rj;[i City, was born in Freehold, Monmouth county, 
^j I > New Jersey, May 22d, 1835, his parents being 
(^fi^ John F. T. and Francinchy (.Smock) Forman, both 
Q~^ natives of the same Stale. He entered Princeton 
College m 1.S51, and was graduated therefrom in 
I.S54. The medical profession Iieing his choice for a life 
career, he prosecuted his studies at the College of Physi- 
cians and Surgeons, of New York, and after a full course 
received his diploma from that institution m 1857. Imme- 
diately after graduation he became attached to the Bellevue 
Hospital as Interne Physician, and continued so occupied 
for eighteen months. He then began private practice, 
opening his office in Hoboken, where he labored until the 
■outbreak of the war. Desiring to contribute his part toward 
the maintenance of the Union, he entered the army as As- 
sistant Surgeon, and was appointed to duty on the supply 
steamers to the Gulf Squadron, serving in this direction 
until nearly the close of the war. Returning to private 
practice, he settled in Bergen, now annexed to Jersey City, 
vhere he still continues to pursue his profession, and has 
met with good success. He is yet a hard student, and has 
the reputation of a scientific man in his profession. An up- 
holder of the dignity of the medical practitioner, he is a 
working member of the Hudson County District Medical 
Society. He is connected with the Hudson County 
Church Hospital. In 1S60 he was married to Mary W. 
Ailing, of Newark, New Jersey. 



^^ TANSBURY, ED\VARD A., an eminent citizen 
5^^ of New Jersey, late of Haledon, New Jersey, was 
born in Vermont, in iSil, and afier feing gradu- 
ated at an Eastern college was for several years 
engaged in the editing of a newspaper. He sub- 
sequently entered upon ihe active practice of law 
in New York, and in 1856 removed to Haledon, or, as it 
was Uien called, to Oldham. Here he became an active 
and zeal lus work'.r in the Repulilican party, and a staunch 



advocate of abolitionary measures. In 1S66 he was cleclcrl 
to the Assembly by the Republicans of the Third Assen b y 
District, Passaic county, serving one term. In 1S72 he be- 
came a prominent mover in supporting the measures of ihc 
Liberal Republican party. He died m Haledon, New Jer- 
sey, November 4th, 1S73, aged fifty seven years. 



IjEAN, JAMES, LL. D., late of Burlington, New 
Jersey, was a graduate of Dartmouth, in 1800, 
where he early attracted attention by his mas- 
terly attainments in various branches of positive 
knowledge. He subsequently filled the ])osition, 
in Vermont University, of Professor of Mathe- 
matics and Natural Philosophy, branches of learning which 
he was eminently qualified to teach. He died at Burling- 
ton, New Jersey, January 20th, 1S49, aged seventy-three 
years. 

IL / ^^ 

RANKLIN, WILLIAM, the last Royal Governor 
of New Jersey, son of Benjamin Franklin, the 
celebrated patriot, statesman and philosopher, 
was born in Philadelphia about 1731. In 
childhood he was, like his father, remarkably 
fond of reading, and in disposition was enler- 
prising and adventurous. During the progress of the 
French war (1744-174S) he endeavored to go to sea in a 
privateer, and, failing in this intention, obtained a commis- 
sion in the Pennsylvania forces, with which he served in 
one or two campaigns on the Canadian frontier, and before 
he had attained his twenty-first year was promoted to a 
Captaincy. After his return to Philadelphia he obtained 
official employment through the influence of his father. 
From 1754 to 1756 he acted as Comptroller of the General 
Post-office, and during part of the same jienod was also 
Clerk of the Provincial Assembly. In 1757 he accom- 
panied his father to London, where he studied law, and 
was admitted to the bar in 1758. In 1762, while yet in 
Europe, he was appointed Governor of New Jer.sey, to 
which province he returned accordingly in 1763. In the 
revolutionary contest he remained loyal to Great Britain, 
and several of his letters, containing strong expressions of 
Tory sentiments, having been intercepted, he had a guard 
put over him. in January, 1776, to prevent his escape from 
Perth Amboy. He finally gave his parole that he would 
not leave the province, but in June of the same year issued 
a proclamation as Governor of New Jersey summoning a 
meeting of the abrogated Legislative Assembly. For this 
he was placed under arrest by the Provincial Congress of 
New Jersey, and removed to Burlington as a prisoner. He 
was shortly after sent to Connecticut, where he was de- 
tained and strictly guarded for a period extending over 



270 



BIOGRAPHICAL EXCYCLOP/EDIA. 



more than two years. In November, 1778, however, he 
was exchanged for Mr. McKinley, President of Delaware, 
who had fallen into the power of the enemy. After his 
lil)eration he remained in New York till August, 1782, 
when he sailed for England, in which country he continued 
to reside until his decease. In remuneration of his losses, 
the English government granted him eighteen hundred 
pounds, and in addition a pension of eight hundred pounds 
per annum. His steadfast adhesion to the royal cause led 
til an estrangement between him and his f.»ther, which con- 
tinued after the revolutionary conflict had terminated. In 
17S4, however, he made advances toward a reconciliation, 
which drew from his father the declaration that he was 
willing to forget as much of the past as was possible, and to 
look over bygone actions ; yet in 1788, in a letter to Dr. Byles, 
his father still speaks of existing differences and misunder- 
standings. In the will of Benjamin Franklin is found the 
following : " The part he acted .igainst me in the late war, 
which IS of public notoriety, will account for my leaving 
him no more of an estate he endeavored to deprive me of." 
His appointment to the Governorship of New Jersey was 
due mainly to the friendship and kindly influence of the 
Eail of Bute, who had strongly recommended him to Lord 
Halifax as a deserving subject, and one worthy of confi- 
dence m the troublous hour of riot and rebellion. He died 
in England, November 17th, 1813, aged eighty-two years. 



ARCALOW, CULVER, MercTiant, of Somerville, 
New Jersey, son of William and Ann (Vorhees) 
Barcalow, grandson of Colonel Farrington Bar- 
calow, an ofiicer in the New Jersey militia during 
the war of 1812, and a descendant of a Holland- 
ish family settled in New Jersey during the early 
portion of the colonial period, was born at Flemington, 
Hunterdon county, October 23d, 1823. His father, a chair- 
maker, removed his place of business to Somerville in 1S25, 
there following his trade and at the same lime keeping a 
hotel, the son the while attending the schools of the town. 
In 1S33 the elder Barcalow w.is compelled by failing health 
to pass a winter in Florida. Impressed by the business op- 
portunities offered in the South, he returned to Somerville, 
h.ad a large quantity of goods manufactured, and with these, 
and accompanied by his family, returned to Florida in 
1S35 and established himself as a grocer and general dealer 
in St. Augustine. His trade prospered exceedingly, 
amounting to more than 550,000 per year, but his health 
continued to decline, and during the last year of his life 
almost the entire charge of the business fell upon his son, 
then a mere lad, scarcely fourteen years old. In 1837 the 
establishment at St. Augustine was broken np and the 
family started northward ; but at Charleston the elder 
Barcalow died. Having brought the party safely home to 
Somerville, the son became a clerk in a hotel in that place, 



a position that he held during the three followir.jf years. In 
1840, the last year of his service, he took an active part in 
politics, being a warm supporter of Harrison. In 1841 he 
accepted the position of clerk in the Merchants' Hotel, New 
York ; and here he fell in with certain members of the 
Shaker community, in converse with whom he became con- 
vinced that the r.iising of poultry on a large scale for the 
New York market might be made highly remunerative. 
Acting promptly upon this conviction, he returned to .Somer- 
ville, purchased a suitable piece of ground, and erected a 
hennery two hundred feet long, with a glass roof and suit- 
ably furnished. Unfortunately the venture was not success- 
ful, and in the ensuing year he abandoned it altogether. 
After making a trip to Ohio and assisting in purchasing and 
bringing East a drove of horses, he accepted, in March, 1843, 
a position in the dry-goods establishment of the Hon. W'd- 
liam G. Steele, of Somerville. This he relinquished a year 
later and purchased the drug store on the site of his present 
place of business. Of the drug trade he had no knowledge 
whatever, and his capital amounted to but JS250. But he 
was quick to learn, and the Hon. George H. Brown, who 
had a well-founded confidence in his ability, gave him all 
necessary financial assistance, frequently indorsing paper 
for him in blank. His business flourished apace, and in 
1854 he invested his surplus capital in the erection of a large 
dry-goods store. This he leased to Messrs. Steele & Ship- 
man, and upon their relinquishing it a year later, he utilized 
it as a book store, associating with himself for this purpose 
a practical book dealer, J. R. Vanslike, and placing him in 
charge of the establishment. Two years later, in 1S57, he 
enlarged his operations still further. The book store was 
divided and the book trade confined to one side, the other 
side being set apart for the sale of dry goods. In this 
scheme he associated with himself a Mr. Lumson, an expe- 
rienced dry-goods dealer, and, as in the book-store, placed 
his capital as an offset to his partner's experience. In 1859 
he bought Mr. Vanslike's interest in the book firm, and 
in i860 Mr. Liimson's interest in the diy-goods firm, himself 
managing both houses. At this time also he conducted .an 
extensive painting business, in which he employed some 
twenty hands, and had the management of a large farm that 
he had purchased. Finding the charge of these various 
concerns somewhat onerous after conducting them for a year 
alone, he took into partnership in the dry-goods and book 
business Mr. J. L. Sutphen, and in i866 Mr. \\. J. L. Potter 
w.as admitted into the firm. In 1869 he retired altogether 
from these branches of trade. Over and above the commer- 
cial operations already detailed, he has taken an active in- 
terest in promoting local enterprises, and is a leading stock- 
holder in the Somerset County Bank and First National 
Bank of Somerville. In real estate his operations have 
been extensive. In 1875 he erected the fine block now 
occupied by the Somerville post-oflice, Viiioitis/ printing 
ofiice, and a music store, and another block in which is liis 
own drug store, together with various other mevcanlile es- 



BIOGRArillCAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 



tabliahmeiils and a fine piiblic reading-room. All of Ihese 
buildings are lighted with gas, the only gas used in the 
town. Duriiig the late war he rendered efficient service to 
the government. At the tirst call for troops, in iS6i, he 
raised, almost wholly at his own expense, a full company of 
one hundred men, and throughout the war his zealous loy- 
alty was altogether exemplary. In politics he was a firm 
Wnig until the dissolution of the Whig parly, and since then 
he has been a not less firm Republican. In 1S55 he was 
elected Treasurer for Hunterdon county, holding the office 
for two years, and in 1856 he was elected a Delegate to the 
couvention that nominated Fremont and Dayton. In 1S61 
he was appointed Postmaster at Somervillc, holding the 
office for a term of ten years and discharging its duties in a 
manner wholly satisfactory to the public. For several 
years he his had charge of the interests of the Pennsylvania 
R-iilroad Company, a corporation in which he is an exten- 
sive stockholder, in the New Jersey Legislature. He was 
married, April 30th, 1845, to Catherine, daughter of the 
Rev. J. C. Van Dervort, of Kinderhook, New York. He 
still continues at the head of the drug business, having asso- 
ciated with him his son-in-law, G. S. Cook, and his son, ]. 
V. Barcalow. His career, begun under such adverse cir- 
cumstances, yet terminating so successfully, is proof of his 
sound judgment and rare business ability, and looking back 
over the record of his life, he can say what can be said by 
but few men, that with scarcely an exception his great 
schemes for fortune have gone well. 



jEASLEV, FREDERICK, D. D., Kate of Eliza- 
beihtown. New Jersey, was formerly Provost of 
the University of Pennsylvania. He was a mas- 
terly writer on episcopacy, and on moral and 
metaphysical subjects, in which he exhibited 
much learning, studious research, and a notable 
manner of dealing with many of the conflicting and per- 
plexed questions of the day. He ever found enjoyment in 
the discussion of spiritual and kindred topics, and in the 
line of argument bearing upon the varied relations of life 
and matter as related to the great problem of the future, was 
an able and logical disputant. He died in Elizabelhtown, 
New Jersey, November 2d, 1845, aged sixty-eight years. 



he fell into the hands of the enemy .it the capture of Furt 
Washmgton in 1776, and suflcred a long and rigorous im- 
prisonment. In 1779 he succeeded Elias Boudinot a-s 
Commissary-General of prisoners. After the war he settled 
at Princeton, New Jersey, as a physician, and was also 
prominent for a time as a member of the State Le<>islaturc. 
In 1793 he took a part in the deliberations and actions of 
Congress, where he displayed talents of a highly commend- 
able nature. For ten years he officiated as Secretary of the 
St.iie of New Jersey, succeeding Samuel W. Stockton in 
1795, and during a period of ten years acted as President 
of the Bank of Trenton ; and in Trenton he died, April 
30th, 1826, aged seventy-seven years. Also for many years 
he was a Ruling Elder in the church, and distinguished for 
his earnest and charitable piety. 



/ 



OBESON, HON. GEORGE M., Lawyer, and ex- 
.Secrelaiy of the Navy, was bum at Oxford Fur- 
nace, New Jersey, in 1829. After a thorough 
preliminary training, he became a student at the 
College of New Jersey, from which he was grad- 
uated in 1847. Being destined for the legal 
profession, he was placed as a student in the office of Chief 
Justice Hornblower, in Newark. After pursuing the pre- 
scribed course, he was admitted to the bar, and comnrenced 
practice. In 1858 he was appointed Prosecutor of the 
Pleas for Camden county by Governor Newell, and dis- 
charged the duties of this office with much zeal and fidelity. 
In 1867 Governor Marcus L. Ward tendered him the nom- 
ination as Attorney-General of the State, which he accepted, 
and the same being confirmed, he entered the office and 
served therein until President Grant, in 1869, oftered him 
the Secretaryship of the Navy, which he accepted, and held 
until 1877. 



^M& 



^1 



|EATTIE, JOHN, M. D., General and Physician, 
late of Trenton, New Jersey, son of Charles 
Beattie, the celebrated missionaiy of Nesham- 
iny, Pennsylvania, was a native of Bucks 
county, Pennsylvania, and was graduated at 
Princeton in 1769. .'Vfter studying medicine 
under the supervision of Dr. Rush, he entered the army as 
a soldier. Uixin attaining the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel, 



S^d 



rV^LEMENT, DR. KNUT JUNGBOHN, a D.mish 
1 1 linguist and historian, late of Bergen, New 
II Jersey, was born in the island of Amrom, South- 
ern Frisia, Denmark, December 4th, 1S03. He 
was educated primarily at the universities of Kiel 
and Heidell)erg, and in 1835 became Doctor of 
Philosophy. Subsequently, at the expense of the Danish 
government, he took a tour of three years through the 
British islands and the continent, and on his return to 
Denmark became a professor in the University of Kiel. 
Here he delivered courses of lectures on history, politics, 
economy and criticism, which attracted wide-spread atten- 
tion and won him great renown. He published twelve or 
thirteen elaborate works, historical, linguistic, critical, politi- 
cal, and descriptive, and, though somewhat too much in- 
clined to peculi.ir and improbable speculations in his lin- 
guistic theories, always maintained a very high reputa- 



272 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.^DIA. 



lion as an author and scholar. He had taken an active 
part in the question of tlie Sthleswig-Holstein duchies, 
and, when they were given up, emigrated to the United 
Slates, where he had resided since 1866. He died at 
Bergen, New Jersey, October 7lh, 1S73. 



'OXDIT, REV. AARON, late Pastor at Hanover, 
died in Morristown, New Jersey, in April, 1S52, 
aged eighty-seven years. For a period e.xtending 
over nearly forty years he officiated as pastor at 
Hanover, where his presence and pious labors 
were productive of great good. During this time 
he preached over ten thousand sermons, brought about nine 
or ten memorable revivals, received into his church six 
hundred and forty-four persons, eleven of whom became 
preachers, and baptized one thousand and fifty-five. Four 
of his sons also were ministers, one of whom. Rev. Joseph 
Condit, of South Hadley, died September 19th, 1847, aged 
forty-three years. He was a man of excellent parts, an in- 
defatigable spreader of gospel truths, .and one that, having 
once decided conscientiously, pursued his way through all 
difficulties and over all ob.stacles, upheld by an abiding faith 
in his mission and its end. Living to a good old age, ex- 
emplifying in his daily life the doctrines he preached, he 
was venerated and beloved by young and old, not only in 
the immediate neighborhood where he resided, but in a 
very wide circle. His influence was exceptionally potent 
for good. 



• UBBARD, WILLIAM II., M. D., of Red Bank, 
was born in Middletown, Monmouth county. 
New Jersey, September 30th, 1812. His parents 
were Elias and Nellie (Hendrickson) Hubbard, 
both natives of the same county. The lad ob- 
tained his education at the paid schools and acad- 
emies of his native county, and at a fitting age, having 
manifested a taste for the medical profession, he began to 
read medicine under the direction of his uncle. Jacobus 
Hubbard, a practitioner at Tinton Falls, in the same county. 
With this preceptor he prosecuted his studies until 1834, in 
which year he was graduated from the College of Physicians 
and Surgeons of New York. Commencing practice in con- 
nection with his preceptor, he, after twelve months, suc- 
ceeded him, and continued to pursue the duties of his pro- 
fession in the locality for a period of twenty-two years. In 
1S56, being solicited by citizens of the towns of New Utrecht, 
Gravesend, Flalbush and Flatlands, Long Island, to take 
the place of two eminently successful pmctilioners, Drs. 
Duboice and Crane, who had lost their lives in the discharge 
of their duty during the epidemic then raging so fatally, he 



quickly responded to the call of duty, and remained in that 
field of labor si.\ years. During that period he had access 
to the various public institutions of Kings county, viz. : the 
hospital, almshouse, lunatic asylum, and prison ; and became 
intimately associated with the physicians and surgeons con- 
nected therewith. In 1S62 he transferred his labors to his 
native county, settling in the village of Red Bank on July 
8lh, of that year. In this place he has since remained, and 
has built up an excellent practice. A well-read and careful 
practitioner, he enjoys the respect and esteem of his profes- 
sional brethren. He is a member of the Monmoulh County 
Medical Society, and served as its President in 1856. On 
October 20lh, 1S36, he was married to Ellen Cook, of 
Shrewsbury township, Monmouth county, New Jersey. 



UBBARD, DR. CHARLES, Dentist, of Red Bank, 
son of Dr. William H. Hubbard, whose .sketch 
appears above, was born at Tinton Falls. His 
education w.as received at Ilolmdel Academy, 
under the instruction of N. H. Whyckoff and 
Thompson, A. M., and at Monmouth School, 
under the tuition of Professor W. W. Woodhull. In 1S5S 
he began to study the principles of dentistry, and devoted 
three years and a half to practical studies under the care 
of Dr. J. B. Brown, of Brooklyn. After passing the neces- 
sary examination, he opened his office at Red Bank, where 
he has since practised his profession, and has met with 
much success, being considered by members of his profes- 
sion and his patrons entitled to a position in the front rr.nk 
of practitioners of dentistry. 



ACKEY, WILLIAM M., Lawyer, was born, March 
6th, 1837, in Oxford township, Warren county, 
New Jersey, his father being John Mackey, Esq., 
a descendant of one of the oldest of the county 
families. He was prepared for college under 
private tutors and entered the sophomore class at 
Princeton in 1S5S. In 1S61 he graduated, his class includ- 
ing J. R. Emery, Esq., now of the New Jersey bar, the 
now Rev. J. M. Ludlow, Rev. John DeWitt, and others not 
less well known, and for a short time was engaged in teach- 
ing. Deciding upon the study of law, he was entered in the 
office of the late J. M. .Sherrerd, Esq., at Belvidere, from 
whence he passed to that of Judge Scudder, at Trenton. 
He was admitted to the bar in November, 1864, and at 
once established himself at Belvidere, rapidly acquiring an 
extensive practice. This of late years has been gre.atly ex- 
tended, and ranges through all the courts of the St.ate. He 
is a member of the Democratic party, but has never made a 
business of politics. Previous to the passage of the present 
school law, he was Superintendent of Schools for Belvidere, 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 



273 



aiul in 1S73-74 he was Mayor of ihat city. He has been for 
many years a consistent member of the Presbyterian 
church. He was first married, in 1S64, to Catherine 
Keyser, daughter of George Keyser, of Oxford, New Jersey. 



y^'cCLELLAND, REV. ALEXANDER, D. D 
Professor of Biblical and Oriental Literature in 
the Theological Seminary, New Brunswick, New 
Jersey, late of that place, was born in Schenec- 
tady, New York, and was a graduate of the 
Schenectady Union College. He was for several 
years pastor of the Rutgers Street Presbyterian Church, 
New York city, and while there was conspicuous among 
the local preachers for his learning, uprightness, and elo- 
quence. He subsequently held a professorship in Dickin- 
son College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania. During the last nine- 
teen years of his life, however, he was connected with the 
Theological Seminary at New Brunswick, as Professor 
of Biblical and Oriental Literature, lie was a pious and 
scholarly gentleman, well versed in Eastern lore, and an 
ardent Christian guide and spiritual exhorter. He died at 
New Brunswick, New Jersey, December 19th, 1S64, aged 
sixty-nine years. 



f ERSELES, HON. JACOB M., ex-State Senator of 
New Jersey, late of South Beri^en, New Jersey, 
was for three years an active and prominent mem- 
ber of the Legislature, for three terms officiated as 
Sheriff of Hudson county, and was the pioneer in 
establishing various stage and city railroad lines 
in that section. He was a man of extended practical views 
and prompt in the furtherance and culmination of selected 
])rnjccts. He assisted substantially in the development of 
the various interests centring and growing in Hudson 
county, and was identified with the growth and increase of 
that section of New Jersey. He died of paralysis, at South 
Bergen, New Jersey, Januaiy 2d, 1865. 



^^CUDDER, JOHN, M. D., Missionary, late of 
Wynberg, Cape of Good Hope, was born in New 
Brunswick, New Jersey, but at an early day re- 
moved with his parents to Freehold, where he 
acquired his preliminary education. He was 
graduated in 181 1, and in December, 1819, went 
to Tillipally as a missionary physician. He was subse- 
quently ordained, however, and during the ensuing sixteen 
years labored zealously at the station of Pandeteripo, in 
Ceylon. In 1S36 he, with Mr. Wnislow, was sent to the 
city of Madras, where it was purposed to use a religious 



press in the Tamul language. From 1S43 to 1S47 lie was 
in the United States, promoting the cause of missions by 
visiting the various charges, everywhere addressmg congre- 
gations and Sabbath schools with the most impressive ardur 
and earnestness. He was educated in the Dutch Refurmeil 
Church, of which he was the pioneer missionary, and 
throughout his long and useful life remained one of its most 
devoted sons. His appeal to the youth of America in be- 
half of the heathen was published in 1846; also, a tract, en- 
titled " Provision for Passing over Jordan," excited much 
favorable comment throughout the country, and in religious 
circles abroad. By his wife, Harriet Scudder, he had four- 
teen children, of whom seven sons and two daughters sur- 
vived him. Six of the sons devoted themselves to foreign 
missions, three of whom were, at the time of his death, in 
India, at Arcot, seventy miles from Madras. He was an 
exhorter of persuasive powers, firm in the right, and of in- 
domitable perseverance in the path selected as the true one, 
and the great good accomplished by him in his lifetime is 
still thriving, and daily bearing fresh fruit. He died at 
Wynberg, January 13th, 1855, aged sixty-one years. 



^S 



/ 



LENKER, LOUIS, Brigadier General of United 
States Volunteers, late of New Jersey, was born 
in the city of Worms, in the Grand Duchy of 
Hesse-Darmstadt, where, in his youth, he was 
apprenticed to learn the trade of jeweller. Upon 
attaining his majority, however, he enlisted in the 
Bavarian Legion, which was organized to accompany the 
newly elected king, Otho, to Greece. From a private he 
rose to the rank of Sergeant, and when the legion was dis- 
banded in 1837, he received with his discharge the higher 
rank of Lieutenant. He then returned to Worms, whence, 
after a brief stay, he went to Munich in order to attend 
medical lectures, with the view of becoming professor of 
medicine. He afterwards abandoned this intention, how- 
ever, and entered into commercial pursuits. In 1849 he 
became a leading member of the revolutionary government 
in his native city, and having been appointed Commander 
of the National Guards, took an active and zealous part in 
the popular movements of th.it period. After the repression 
of this revolutionary outburst, he retired to Switzerland, and 
being ordered to leave the country, embarked at Havre for 
the United States, and settled on a farm in Rockland 
county, .New York. Subsequently he removed to New 
York city, where he continued engaged in mercantile alHriis 
until 1861. Upon the outbreak of the rebellion, he raised 
and organized the Sth Regiment of New York Volunteers, 
with which he marched to Washington, having been com- 
missioned its Colonel, May 13th, l86r. After being en- 
camped for some time on Meridian Hill, the regiment was 
incorporated with others into a brigade, of which he was 
appointed commander. The brigade was then attached to 



274 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 



and no preparations were made for departure , and when, 
in the early spring, his father said that they had better 
wait another year, he determined to take the matter into his 
own hands. His brother William, two years his senior and 
his confidant in all his plans, readily fell into his views, and 
without acquainting their father with their intentions llirV 
made their arrangements for the voyage. They had saved 
enough from their wages to pay their passage, and every- 
thing seemed to work in favor of their undertaking. They 
left Liverpool, in a sailing vessel, April 4th, 1842, and oil 
the lOth of the following May they landed in New York. 
Philadelphia was fixed upon as their first location, but as 
they chanced to remember that one Robert Sumner, a 
friend of their father's, was living in Paterson, New Jersey, 
they determined to see him before adopting any definite 
plans. The morning after their arrival in America they 
went out to Paterson, found Sumner, and were cordially re- 
ceived by him. But he was unable to put them in the way 
of gaining employment, and they concluded to follow out 
their original intention, and proceed to Philadelphia. As 
their stock of cash was not large, they left such things as 
they could not conveniently carry with their friend, and 
started to make the journey on foot. The parting advice 
that they received was to take any sort of work that they 
could get: for at this period, so soon after the financial 
panic of 1837, business of every sort was utterly stagnated. 
On arriving at Trenton they encountered Joshua Wright, a 
member of the Society of friends, who was favorably im- 
pressed by the younger brother's appearance, and offered 
him employment upon the farm of his (Wright's) brother- 
in-law, William Lee. Upon this farm, some three miles 
out of Trenton, he remained for eighteen months, a warm 
attachment, which has increased with each since-passing 
year, springing up between him and the Lee family. Manu- 
facturing prospects having meanwhile — under the protective 
tariff of 1S42 — materially improved, and his tastes leaning 



fXTON,ADAM, Cracker Manufacturer, of Trenton, 
the son of William and Mary (Turner) Exton, 
was born in Euxlon, Earth, Lancashire, Eng- 
land, July 5th, 1823. His education was ob- 
tained under circumstances of the utmost diffi- 
culty : at eight years of age he was placed at strongly towards mechanical employment, he determined in 
work in a cotton mill, and his only opportunities of learn- the fall of 1843 to leave the farm. It was much against the 
ing were at a Sunday-school and at night-schools. The wishes of his employer, as well as against his own feelings, 
small fee demanded at the latter he paid with earnings ' that he carried this resolution into execution; but he felt 
gained by working over-time at the mill, his regular wages | that in living a farm life he was doing an injustice to him- 
being given, intact, to his parents. His progress was as ; self, and that it was his duty to engage in some employment 
rapid as his exertions were earnest, and the limited range wherein he would have an opportunity to rise. He soon 



General McDowell's army, as a portion of Colonel Myles's 
Fifth Division. During the battle of Bull Run this division 
acted as a reserve, and for his services at that lime he was 
commissioned a Brigadier General, August 9th, 1861. He 
then remained with the Army of the Potomac, command- 
ing a division until the commencement of the Yorktown 
campaign, when he was ordered to western Virginia. June 
8th, 1862, he was an active participant in the battle of 
Cross Keys, but was shortly after relieved of the command, 
and succeeded by General Sigel. He was subsequently 
ordered to Washington, where he remained for some time, 
and, March 31st, 1S63, was mustered out of service. He 
died in New Jersey, where he was widely known and re- 
spected, October 31st, 1S63, aged fifty-one years. 



MITH, HON. ISAAC, Professor, Judge and 
Member of Congress, late of New Jersey, was a 
graduate of Princeton College, in 1755, and 
acted in that institution in the capacity of tutor. 
From 1795 to 1797 he was a representative in 
Congress from New Jersey, and in the latter 
year was appointed by President Washington a Commis- 
sioner to treat with the tribe of Seneca Indians. He was 
also a Judge of the Superior Court of New Jersej. He 
was a man of polished attainments, of profound judicial 
learning, and of unassailable rectitude. 



of study at his command was utilized to the best advantage 
His reading was directed mainly to books of travel, and 
especially to those treating of travel in the United States. 
Everything relating to America had to him the deepest 
interest, and before he was sixteen yeai-s old his determina 



obtained a position in a manufactoiy of prints, where he re- 
mained for upwards of a year, and where, by working over- 
time, he averaged eight and a half working days per week. 
At the end of the year he was offered a much better place 
n an adjacent cotton mill, the superintendent of which was 



tion was fixed to emigrate from England to this country so ; acquainted with his ability and skill, and this position he 
soon as his savings should be sufficient to pay his passage, j held until he entered upon the especial line of manufacture 
In 1841 his object seemed in a 'fair way of being attained, in which he has been so eminently successful. In the early 
as his father promised him and his brother William, who part of 1845 (February 17th) he had married Elizabeth 
was also desirous of coming to America, that if they would j Aspden, an excellent woman, who proved a trusty coun- 
wait until the following spring he would emigrate with his j .sellor in all his future undertakings. A year later he pur- 
entire family to the United States. But winter wore away chased a tract of land 50 feet front by 150 feet deep, upon 



BIOGRArillCAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 



275 



which he erected a pair of frame houses, and in the winter 
of 1S46, ill one of these houses, he started a bread, cal<e 
and cracker baliery. He had associated with him at the 
outset of this enterprise his wife's brotlier, Richard Aspden ; 
but Mr. Aspden died within a twelvemonth, and he was 
left to carry on the business alone. Thi> he did wiih in- 
finite energy, particularly directing his allention to the de- 
velopment of his cracker trade, and such was his success 
that in 1850 he found it advisable to drop all other branches 
of his business and confine himself to cracker-making alone. 
At this time he conceived the idea of constructing a ma- 
chine that would mould crackers better than the work 
could be done by hand, and pursuing his investigations in 
this direction he not only succeeded in inventing a mould- 
ing machine entirely satisfactory in all its workings, but 
also one not less satisfactory for rolling and docking. Upon 
both he took out letters patent in 1861, and by the vastly 
increased productive power thus given to his establishment 
he was able to meet the rapidly increasing demands of the 
trade. In 1866 he took out letters patent upon two other 
machines, the one for making fancy crackers, the other for 
making scroll biscuit, the two more than trebling his ca- 
pacity of out-put in these departments. Various inventions 
of a labor-saving character have since been patented and 
put into use, and as it now stands the manufactory — a large 
building, covering a lot 150 feet square — is one of the most 
completely furnished of its class in the country. The Ex- 
ton crackers are almost universally known, and the high 
degree of excellence to which their manufacture has been 
carried has been certified to by awards of the juries of nu- 
merous competitive exhibitions — the award of the judges 
of the Centennial Exhibition being among the number. 
The annual out-put ranges from 3150,000 to $200,000, and 
the market supplied extends over a very large portion of 
the globe. In 1S72, in evidence of his appreciation of the 
faithful service that had long been rendered to him by his 
brother John, and by his son-in-law William H. Brockaw, 
Mr. Exton admitted them as partners into his business, al- 
lowing to each a one-quarter share. From each he took 
notes of hand representing the full amount of capital thus 
bestowed, charging on these seven per cent, per annum in- 
terest, and allowing the profit above this rate to dissipate 
the principal. Under this arrangement the firm-name was 
changed to its present style, Adam Exton & Co. Having 
thoroughly identified himself with his adopted country, Mr. 
Exton has for years taken a warm interest in its welfare, 
and especially has his public spirit been shown in forward- 
ing all schemes for the improvement of the city of Trenton. 
The erection of the fine Washington market-house may be 
cited as a notable instance in which his means and influ- 
ence were used for the public good ; and this is only one 
of many similar schemes in which he has been prominently 
engaged. Naturally, he is held in high esteem by the 
people of Trenton ; and this feeling, comliincd with the high 
respect entertained for his busincis ability, has led to his 



election to numerous offices of trust and honor. For many 
years he was a member and was prominent in the trans- 
actions of the City Councils, serving as Chairman of the 
Highway Committee; since its organization he has been 
connected with the Trenton Board of Trade, and in 1S76 
he was elected by the stockholders of the Trenton Horse 
Railway Company to be President of that corporation. In 
short, his brilliant business career — a career due entirely to 
his indomitable industry and perseverance — is fitly crowned 
by the respect and esteem of his fellow-citizens. 



/ 



OWELL, DAVID, LL. D., Judge, late of Provi- 
dence, Rhode Island, was born in New Jersey, 
and graduated at Princeton College, 1766. Re- 
moving to Rhode Island, he was appointed Pro- 
fessor of Mathematics, and afterward of Law, in 
the University of that place. Devoting himself 
to the practice of the law at Providence, he was subse- 
quently chosen to fill the position of Judge of the Supreme 
Court. He was also a member of the old Congress, and 
in 1812 was appointed District Judge for Rhode Island, 
which office he sustained till his death, in 1S24, aged 
seventy-seven years. He was a jurist of excellent attain- 
ments; upright in his relations with the general community; 
scholarly in the wider and better acceptation of the term ; 
and one well provided with knowledge, not only of a gen- 
eral, but also of a positive and scientific nature. 



V^^f^, ROWN, HARVEY, Brevet Major-General United 
States Army, of New Jersey, was born in Rox- 
bury, New Jersey, in 1795, and in 1818 gradu- 
ated from West Point. Entering the artillery 
branch of the service, he became First Lieutenant 
of the 4th Artillery, August 23d, 1821. April 
loth, 1835, he was promoted to the rank of Captain; Janu- 
ary gth, 1851, he was made Major in the 2d Artillery, and 
subsequently rose successively to a Lieutenant-Colonelcy in 
the 4th Artillery, April 28th, 1861 ; to a Colonelcy in the 
5th Artillery, May 14th, 1S61 ; and on the following Sep- 
tember 2Slh was tendered the position of Brigadier-General 
of United States Volunteers. August 1st, 1863, he finally 
retired from the service. He won the brevets of Major, 
November 21st, 1S36, for "gallantly and general effi- 
ciency" during the progress of the Florida war; of Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel for valuable service rendered at Contreras, 
August 20th; and Colonel, for gall.antry at the gate of 
Belen, city of Mexico, September 13th, 1S47 — being also 
engaged at Monterey, Vera Cruz and Cerro Gordo. He 
was engaged in the repulse of the rebel attack on Santa 
Rosa Island, Florida, October gth, 1S61, and was brevetted 



276 



BIOGRArniCAL 



Uiigadier-General United Slates army, November 231!, 
l86l, for gallantry in the engagement between Fort Pickens 
and the rebel batteries, November 22d, 23d. August 2d, 
1S66, he was brevelted Major-General United States army 
for his efticienl services in suppressing the memorable and 
outrageous riots in New York city of July 12-16, 1863, on 
which occasion he won enviable distinction as a loyal citi- 
zen and a fearless yet careful soldier. 



(UDLOW, REV. JOHN, D. D., LL. D., Professor 
of Biblical Literature and Ecclesiastical History, 
late of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, was bom in 
Aquackanonk, New Jersey, December 13th, 
1793, and graduated from the Union College in 
1S14. His grandfather, Richard I.udlow, was 
an officer in the revolutionary army. After pursuing for 
some time a course of legal studies, he entered the New 
Brunswick Theological School. During one year he acted 
in the capacity of tutor at Union College, and upon the 
completion of his prepar.itoiy studies in 1S17, became 
pastor of the Reformed Dutch Church in New Brunswick. 
In 18 1 She was appointed Professor of Biblical Literature, 



ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 

^^— 'OD, ALBERT B., D. D., Professor of Mathemat- 
ics, late of Princeton, New Jersey, was born m 
Mendham, in the same Slate. After pursuing 
with diligence the usual course of studies at 
Princeton, he graduated from that inslilulion in 
1822, and in 1829 was chosen Professor. His 
method of teaching was both original and notably efleclive, 
and as exponent and demonstrator he was equalled by but 
few. lie was also an eloquent preacher, and a writer of 
considerable merit. He died at Princeton, New Jersey, 
November 20th, 1845, aged forty years. 



EILSON, COLONEL JOHN, Revolutionary Offi- 
cer, and Member of the Continental Congress, 
late of New Brunswick, New Jersey, was born in 
that place, or near it, March Ilth, 1745. He was 
educated in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and after- 
ward, from 1769 to 1775, was engaged in mercan- 
tile pursuits in his native town. In 1775 he raised and 
organized a company of patriot volunteers; August 31st, of 
the same year, he was appointed Colonel of a regiment of 



In ISI5 ne was appoimeu 1 roicssur oi jjiuucai j^iiciaiuic, o. c .-J 

^\, „ . J r .1, 1 1 ■ mmute-men; and until September iSth, 17S0, continued 

and from 1823 to 1S34 officiated as pastor of the church in ' ' „ . . , . , . ■ r 

■',. , •'T, o ' o V. £11 1 ,1 ■ actively enraged m repelling British inroads, and in fur- 
Albany, Now York. From 1834 to 1852 he filled the post- , . •' ° " , - , , 1 .1 .. 1, j ti 
■'' j-T J r thering the cause to which he was ardently attached. He 

was then appointed Deputy Quartermaster-General for New 
Jersey. Early in 1777 he planned and successfully exe- 
cuted the surprise of a British post at Bennett's Island. In 
'1778 and 1779 he was a zealous and influential member of 
the Continental Congress ; and in the New Jersey Conven- 
tion to ratify the Federal Constitution, he distinguished 
himself as an energetic and efficient supporter of the impor- 
tant measures then held under discussion. He died in 
New Brunswick, New Jersey, March 3d, 1S33. 



tion of Provost of the University of Pennsylvania, and in the 
latter year took the Chair of Ecclesiastical History in the 
Theological Seminary of the Reformed Dutch Church, New 
Brunswick, New Jersey. He died at Philadelphia, Penn- 
sylvania, September 8th, 1857, distinguished for his pro- 
found learning as a theological student, and his rare quali- 
ties as an educator and spiritual counsellor. 



I OTY, LOCKWOOD L., Colonel, Lawyer, late of 
Jersey City, New Jersey, was born at Groveland, 
New York, May 15th, 1827. His early years 
were spent in his native village, and, upon attain- 
ing his twenty-tirst year, he entered a law office 
" in Geneseo, New Y'ork, where he entered upon a 
course of legal studies. Upon the outbreak of the rebellion 
he became actively engaged in procuring enlistments, and 
acted in the capacity of Military Secretary for Governor Fen- 
He also founded the State Military Bureau at Albany, 




REV. DAVID, D. D., Missionary to 
Author, late of Albany, New Y'ork, was 
a New Brunswick, New Jersey, June 1 2lh, 
and received his preliminary education 
chiefly at his native place. In 1S26 he was 
ordained to the ministry, and during the ensuing 
two years his field of labors was Athens, New York. His 
New York, which collected the histoiy of the volunteer health failing, in consequence of severe parochial labor and 
regiments, and provided for the care of the sick and : incessant study, he went in October, 1S29, as a missionary 
wounded. In 1871 he received from President Grant the ' to China, and thence to Java, Batavia, Singapore and Siam. 
appointment of Pension Agent of New York city, which | In 1833 he visited Europe, and on his return home pub- 
position he held until prolonged ill health compelled his j lished " The Claims of the World to the Gospel," " Resi- 
resignation but a few weeks previous to his death. He was dence in China," from 1829 to 1833; and in 1838 " Mis- 
an earnest and intrepid worker in the defence of the Union, [ sionary Convention at Jerusalem." In 1839 he again went 
and possessed unusual and excellent administrative abilities. 1 to Canton, China, but the " Opium War " precluding his 
He died in Jersey City, aged forty-six years. 



I usefulness in that quarter, he visited Malacca, Borneo, and 



BIOGRArillCAL ENCVCLOr.EDIA. 



277 



various other places, settling finally for a period at Kolong- 
soo. In 1845, ^'^ health again becoming seriously enfeebled, 
lie returned, after having begun a mission at Amoy in 1842, 
to New York, vainly hoping by means of rest and tran- 
quillity to renew his shattered energies. In the " Me- 
moirs" by Rev. G. R. Williamson, he is spoken of as one 
" well qualified for his work by great practical judgment, 
good sense, and persevering energy." lie died in Albany, 
New York, September 4th, 1846. His presence and pious 
labors in China and Java were markedly beneficent in their 
influence on the natives of those places with whom he was 
brought into contact, and his tireless efforts to sup|>lant 
heathenism and fetich worship by the holier creed of Chris- 
tianity were not barren of good results. 



/ 



ENNINGTON, HON. ALEXANDER C. M., 
late of New York city, was a native of New- 
ark, New Jersey, where his youth was spent, 
and his early education and training obtained. 
Upon the completion of a preliminary course of 
studies, he turned his attention to law and legal 
text-books, and acquired a considerable store of judicial 
learning, which was afterward of essential service to him 
iioth in public and in private life. He served two terms in 
the State Legislature, and from 1853 to 1857 served as a 
representative in Congress from New Jersey. His was a 
far-seeing and enterprising mind ; and he was endowed 
with an energy and quick directness of character which 
often seconded ably the aims and desires of his co-workers 
and constituents. He died in New York city, January 
25th, 1876, aged fifty-six years. 



cWILLIAM, REV. JAMES M., a Presbyterian 
Clergyman and Teacher, of Scottish birth and 
education, late of Deckertown, New Jersey, 
was born in Aberdeen, Scotland, July 22d, 1818, 
and educated at King's College, in that city. 
In 183s he emigrated to the United States, 
and began teaching at Lafayette, New Jersey. After a 
sliort time spent in this occupation he was persuaded by 
the Rev. Dr. Schaflfer to enter the Theological Seminaiy 
at Princeton. After graduating thence he was called to 
preach at Oxford, New Jersey, and there ordained in 
December, 1842. He remained in this pastorate for eleven 
years, then visited Scotland, and on his return settled at 
Monroetown, Pennsylvania. Here, in conjunction with Sam- 
uel F. Colt, he founded at Towanda the Susquehanna Col- 
legiate Institute, of which he soon afterward became Princi- 
pal. With the exception of a brief absence, in the paslorate, 
he remained in charge of this institution until 1S66, con- 



stantly maintaining a deservedly high reputation as a 
teacher, especially in the classics. Upon retiring from the 
Institute in consequence of the impaired health of his wife 
he organized a church .at the little mining town of r>arclav, 
Pennsylvania, on the summit of the AUeghenies, where he 
remained for about three years. At the expiration of that 
period he received a call to Deckertown, New Jersey, which 
he accepted. In this field of labors he closed his career, 
September 20th, 1873, aged fifty-five years. 



^IIITEIIEAD, REV. CHARLES, D. D., Re- 
formed (Dutch) Clergyman, late of Pertli Am- 
boy. New Jersey, was born in 1801, and spent his 
youthful days in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In 
1S23 he graduated from Dickinson College, and 
later from the New Brunswick Theological Semi- 
nary. In 1S26 he was licensed to preach by the Classis of 
Philadelphia. After a short settlement in the Presliyterian 
Church at Batavia, New York, he removed in 1S2S to the 
Reformed Church at Hopewell. He subsequently olTiciated 
as pastor at Somerville, New Jersey, Fishkiil and Walden, 
New York, and of churches in Houston street. New York, 
Poughkeepsie and Washington Heights. From 1S61 until 
the time of ^is decease he presided as Chaplain of the New 
York City Hospital. At the time of his death, July 13th, 
1873, he was spending a summer vacation at Perth Aniboy, 
New Jersey, where he died in the pulpit, aged seventy-two 
years. 



TEPHENS, JOHN L., late of New York, Travel- 
ler, etc., was born in Shrewsbuiy, New Jersey, 
and graduated at Columbia College in 1S22. He 
then became studiously engaged in legal pursuits, 
theoretical and practical, until failing health com- 
pelled him to relinquish his studies, and engage 
in travel to restore an enfeebled constitution. From 1S34 
to 1S36 he visited Europe, Greece and Turkey. In 1839 
President Van Buren sent him as ambassador to Central 
America, for the purpose of negotiating a treaty, and the 
final arr.angement of various State affairs. He was inti- 
mately connected with the movement which led to the es- 
tablishment of the initial lines of steamers to Europe; was 
a Director in the Ocean Steam Navigation Company, and 
President of the Panama Railroad Company. The winter 
of 1851 he passed on the Isthmus of Darien. The iron 
track between the Atlantic and Pacific coasts will, in its 
history, be constantly associated with his name, for his was 
one of the energetic and far-seeing natures which, seeing 
infinite good in the speedy development of the railway sys- 
tem, pushed on the tardy and the fearing. He published 
incidents of travel in Egypt, etc., in 1S37; in Greece and 



278 



BIOGRAPHICAL E^'CVCLOP.'EDIA. 



Turkey, etc., in 1S3S; in Central America in 1841 ; and 
later a work descriptive of Yucatan. He died in New 
York, October 13th, 1852, aged forty-six years. 

•ENDF.RSON, HON. THOMAS, Statesman, Judge, 
Lieutenant-Governor of New Jersey, late of New 
Jersey, was born in that State, and graduated 
from Princeton College in 1 761. In the course 
of his honorable and varied career he filled many 
offices of prominence and trust; was for some 
time Judge of the Court of Common Pleas; from 1779 to 
1780 acted as a delegate to the Continental Congress; and 
under the constitution, from 1795 to 1797, was a represent- 
ative in Congress from New Jersey. Also, at one time, he 
filled the position of Lieutenant-Governor of his State. He 
was intimately identified with the growth and the develop- 
ment of the interests of New Jersey; and, through his 
eminent usefulness as a vigilant statesman, won an enviable 
place in the annals of that Slate. 



c*: 



VI 



ICHEY, HON. AUGUSTUS G., Lawyer, of Tren- 
ton, was born, March 17th, 1S19, in Warren 
county. New Jersey. His parents were William 
Richey, a successful farmer, himself a native of 
Warren county, and Mary (Godly) Richey, 
daughter of William Godly, of Spring Mills, Hun- 
terdon county. New Jersey. His education, after he ceased 
attendance at the common schools, was obtained at Lafayette 
College, at Easton, Pennsylvania, which he entered in 1S34. 
The institution at that time was under the direction of Dr. 
George Junkin, and was conducted on the "manual labor 
system." Under this system the students were required to 
devote three hours each day to manual labor of some kind, 
and the work so performed, besides its presumed effect as a 
discipline and a preparation for practical life, was counted 



From the first he achieved a decided success. His natural 
abilities were of a high order; his training had been tho- 
rough and complete; his integrity was above question, his 
industry was tireless, and his devotion to his profession very 
oreat. These facts constituted a claim to general confi- 
dence and esteem that could not but be acknowledged and 
acted upon, and as a consequence patronage came to him 
very rapidly. He remained at Asbuiy until the spring of 
1856, when he removed to Trenton. There he has since 
continued to reside, actively engaged in the practice of his 
jMofession. His legal brethren, as well as the people at 
large, speedily acknowledged his claims to a high profes- 
sional position, and he long ago became one of the leaders 
of the bar in the city of his residence, a position which he 
still continues to hold, and which all are glad to acknowl- 
edge. He has always been noted as a close and steady 
laborer in his profession, and for the sound and safe advice 
he gave his clients. Politically, he is a Republican, but up 
to the year 1863 he had taken no active part in politics, and 
had never sought public office. In that year the Republi- 
cans of Mercer county urged him to become their candi- 
date for the State Senate. He consented, and was elected 
by a majority of over thred hundred, although, in the pre- 
vious election, the Democrats had triumphed. He served 
in the Senate a term of three years, taking an active part in 
the proceedings, and making for himself an enviable record. 
During two years of his term he was Chairman of the Judi- 
ciary Committee. It was during his term as Senator that 
the constitutional amendments were adopted. He is an 
enterprising and public-spirited citizen, and takes an active 
interest in the welfare and progress of the community in 
which he lives. For many years he has been closely and 
actively identified with many of the institutions and enter- 
prises of Trenton and vicinity. For nearly twenty years he 
has been a Director of the Mechanics' National Bank of 
Trenton, and acted as Counsellor for the institution ; he is 
a Manager of the Trenton Savings Fund Society ; a Director 
of the Trenton Gas Company ; a Director of the Delaware 



as a partial compensation for the tuition received by the & Bound Brook Railroad Company, between New York 
student. He remained here until 1S40, when he graduated, and Philadelphia, and is one of the counsel for the road, as 
Amon<T his cla.ssmates were a number ofgentlemen who have well as counsel for the Easton & Amboy Railroad Com 



since become eminent in life, among whom may be mentioned 
W. Henry Green, D. D., Professor in Princeton Theologi- 
cal Seminary, and who was elected President of Princeton 
College, but declined the honor; also Dr. T. C. Porter, 
Professor of Natural Histoiy at Lafayette College, and Dr. 
Charles Elliott, Professor of Hebrew in Chicago Theologi- 
cal Seminary. In the autumn of the same year he com- 
menced the study of the law. He prepared for the profes- 
sion with Colonel J.ames N. Reading, of Flemington, a very 
able and prominent lawyer of his time. He studied with 
Colonel Reading until Februaiy, 1844, when he was licensed 
as an attorney. Three years later he was licensed as coun- 
sellor. He settled at Asbury, Warren county, New Jersey, 
where he entered upon the full practice of his profession. 



pany. He has also been prominently and actively allied 
with the temperance movement, and at one time was Presi- 
dent of the New Jersey State Temperance Society. He is 
a devoted and influential member of the Presbyterian 
Church. For many years he was a ruling elder of the First 
Presbyterian Church of Trenton. This position he contin- 
ued to held until 1875, when the Prospect Avenue Presby- 
terian Church was organized, and he became a ruling elder 
in that body. He is also an earnest Sabbath -school worker, 
and is a regular teacher of an adult Bible class. He was 
married in 1 844 to Anna G. Farley, eldest daughter of 
Hon. Isaac G. Farley, who was a prominent citizen of Hun- 
terdon county. New Jersey, and who, for many years, rep- 
resented his district in Congress. 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.^iDIA. 



2/9 



'LMER, JONATHAN, Physician, Magistrate and 
Senatoi-, late of Burlington, New Jersey, was 
born in Cumberland county. New Jersey, in 1745, 
and was a graduate of the University of Penn- 
sylvania. He entered upon the practice of medi- 
cine shortly after the termination of his prepara- 
tory studies, and rapidly won a leading position in the 
profession in his native county. During the progress of the 
revolutionary struggle he acted in various uhi^t-. of trust and 
distinction ; was Sheriff, Surrogate and Judge. In the 
years 1776-77-7S-81-S2-S3-84 and '87, he was a member 
of the Continental Congress ; and from 1789 to 1791 was a 
United States Senator from New Jersey. He was a mem- 
ber of the celebrated Philosophical Society, and was a 
scholarly and accomplished gentleman. He died in Bur- 
lington, New Jersey, in iSi7. 



■ALL, CHARLES, D. D., late of Newark, New 
Jersey, was born in the State of New York, and 
graduated at Hamilton College in 1825. For 
many years he presided earnestly and efticiently 
as Secretary of the American Home Missionary 
Society, in co-operation with Dr. Badger. He 
■was principal Editor of the Home Missionary, and in that 
capacity brought to his field of labors admirable discretion 
and an untiring interest. He died at Newark, New Jersey, 
October 31st, 1853, aged fifty-five years. 



/ 



kOWELL, HON. DAVID, LL. D., Judge, Profes- 
sor of Natural Philosophy and Mathematics, 
Attorney-General of Rhode Island, late of Rhode 
Island, was born in New Jersey, January 1st, 
1747, and graduated from the New Jersey College 
in 1766. Upon removing to Rhode Island, he 
was, in 1769, appointed Professor of Natural Philosophy and 
Mathematics; and, from 1790 to 1824, presided as Profes- 
sor of Law in Brown University, of that State. He then 
established himself in the practice of the law at Providence, 
Rhode Island, and mpidly rose to an eminent and leading 
position in the profession. He filled, for some time, the 
office of Attorney-General of the State, and was a Judge of 
the Supreme Court. From 1782 to 1785 he acted as a 
member of the Continental Congress, and, after the reor- 
ganuation of the general government, was appointed a 
Commissioner for settling the eastern boundary of the 
United States. He afterward officiated as District Attorney, 
and from 1812 to the time of his decease w.is District Judge 
for Rhode Isl.md. He was a man of notable wit, learning 
and eloquence, a distinguished classical scholar, and a 
I)ungcnt and effective political writer. The superinrily of 
hi.-, attainments as a jurist was conceded by all, and his . 



opinions on points of law involving intricate or perplexing' 
questions, and on the varying positions assumed by his 
country in its internal and e.xternal policy, were always re- 
ceived with deserved attention and respect. He died July 
29th, 1824. His son, Jeremiah Brown Howell, United 
States Senator from Rhode Island, iSlI to 1S17, was bom 
in 17S9, and died in 1S22. 



"^ LACKFORD, HON. ISAAC NEWTON, Jurist, 
Judge, late of Washington, District of Columbia, 
was born at Bound Brook, New Jersey, Novem- 
ber 6th, 17S6, and graduated from the New Jersey 
College in 1S06. Upon completing his legal 
studies under the supervision of Gabriel Ford, of 
Morristown, New Jersey, he removed to Indiana in 1S12, 
and settled in Vincennes. In 1S13 he became Clerk of the 
territorial Legislature, and in the years 1814-15 presided as 
Judge of the First Judicial Circuit. In 1816 he occupied the 
position of Speaker of the first State Legislature, and from 
1819 to 1835 officiated as Judge of the Supreme Court of 
Indiana; and, from March, 1855, ''" '"s decease, as Judge 
of the United States Court of Claims. His " Reports," of 
which there are in all eight volumes, gave enviable credit 
to the State abroad, and are masterly productions. He died 
in Washington, District of Columbia, December 31st, 1859. 



RMSTRONG, REV. JAMES FRANCIS, Clergy, 
man, late of Trenton, New Jersey, was born in 
West Nottingham, Maryland, April 3d, 1750, 
and graduated from the New Jersey College in 
1773. His studies in theology were prosecuted 
under the guidance of Rev. John Blair; and he 
was licensed to preach in 1777. He served as Chaplain 
through the war of independence, and was a zealous sup- 
porter of the patriot cause. He died at Trenton, New Jer- 
sey, January 19th, 1S16, widely known and highly re- 
spected a^ an upright citizen and a painstaking and learned 
minister of the Gospel. 



Tjrn RMSTRONG, JAMES F., Captain in the United 
States Navy, was born in New Jersey, November 
20th, 1816. He became Midshipman March 7th, 
1832; December 8lh, 1842, was promoted to a 
Lieutenancy, and, April 27th, 1861, received his 
commission. During this year he commanded 
the steamer " Sumter," and July i6th, 1862, was made Cap- 
tain. From 1862 to 1864 he was in command of the 
steamer " .Stale of Georgia," of the North Atlantic Blockad- 
ing Squadron. April 25th, 1862, he was actively engaged 



2S0 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCL0P-T:DIA. 



at the bombardment and surrender of Fort Macon, and in 
1S64 commanded the steam sloop " San Jacinto," of the 
East Gulf Blockading Squadron. From 1S65 to 186S he 
had charge of the Pcnsacola Navy Yard. In the attack on 
Fort Macon the following officers were in co-operation with 
him : Commander Samuel Lockwood, of the steamer 
" Daylight," Lieutenant-commanding A. Bryson, of the 
gunboat '* Chippewa," and Lieutenant Edward Covendy, 
of the bark "Gembbok;" and on this occasion he per- 
formed efficient service in aiding to secure the casemated 
work at the entrance of Beaufort harbor. 



f OLLE.'^OX, ELIAS, Merchant, late of Xew Bruns- 
wick, was born in Piscataway, New Jersey, Octo- 
ber 28th, 1782. He was a descendant, through 
. the Mollesons of Piscataway, of Gilbert MoUeson, 

-% X merchant, of London, one of the proprietors of 
East Jersey, who signed the surrender of the gov- 
ernment of the province to Queen Anne, April 15th, 1702; 
he was a Scotchman, resident in the English capital, a man 
of considerable property, and a Christian. At an early age 
he entered into business in New Brunswick. October 2Sth, 
1S25, he was ordained a Ruling Elder in the Presbyterian 
Church, of which he continued a prominent and valuable 
member during life. He was much respected in all circles. 



^,§ 



('p^^ASSINI, CARLO, Composer, Music- Teacher and 
Writer, late of Irvington, New Jersey, was born 
in Cuneo, Piedmont, in 1812. Obtaining dis- 
. tinction as a violinist, he went with an operatic 

^^s^ company to South America, became Director, 
and afterward settled as a teacher of music, vocal 
and instrumental, in New York city. Among his best- 
known works are : " The Art of Singing," published in 
1S57; " Melodia Exercises," published in 1865; "Method 
for the Tenor," published in 1866; " Method for the Bari- 
tone," published in 1868; and the " New Method," pub- 
lished in 1S69. He composed a large number of pieces, 
many of them characterized by great sweetness and rich fer- 
tility of invention. He died at Irvington, New Jersey, 
November 26th, 1870. 



' A D \V A I, L A D E R , COLONEL LAMBERT, 
Revolutionary Patriot, late of Trenton, New Jer- 
sey, was born in that city in 1741. During the 
contest with Great Britain he commanded a 
Pennsylvania regiment, and was an active partici- 
pant ni the defence of Fort Washington, Novem- 
ber i6lh, 1776. At its capture by the enemy he was taken 



prisoner, and subsequently retired to his estate, near Trenton, 
New Jersey. From 17S4 to 17S7 he was an honored mem- 
ber of the old Congress; from 1789 to 1791 was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress from New Jersey, and again from 
1793 to 1795. He died in Trenton, New Jersey, Septem- 
ber nth, 1S25. 



V 



OXDIT, LEWIS, M. D., an eminent citizen of 
New Jersey, late of Morristown, New Jersey, was 
uorn in that place in March, 1773, ^"'^ ''^'^^ ^ 
skilful and widely-known physician. From 1805 
to 1810 he was a member of the New Jersey 
Legislature, in the two latter years officiating as 
Speaker two terms. In 1807 he was a Commissioner for 
settling the boundary line between New York and New 
Jersey, and was a Representative in Congress from iSil to 
1817, and from 1821 to 1833. He was also at one time 
Sheriff of Morris county. New Jersey. He died at Morris- 
town, New Jersey, May 26th, 1S62. 

fONDIT, JOHN, M. D., Soldier and Surgeon dur- 
ing the revolutionary war. Statesman, late of New 
Jersey, was born in 1755. For several years he 
was a member of the New Jersey Legislature, 
r^aJ and from 1799 to 1803 was a Representative in 
Congress from that State. From 1 803 to 1 8 1 7 he 
an active worker as Senator in Congress ; and again 
a Representative during the years 1819-20. He died 
■ 4th, 1834. 



ARD, SAMUEL, M. D., LL. D., late of New Jer- 
sey, was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 
April 1st, 1742. On his passage to Edinburgh, 
Scotland, where he studied medicine, he was cap- 
tured by the French, September, 1761, and owed 
his release, five months later, to Dr. Franklin, 
who was then a resident of London. After a tour through 
Scotland and England, he returned home in 1767, having 
gained the annual medal given by Professor Hope for the 
finest collection of plants. He then, in connection with his 
father, entered upon the active practice of his profession in 
New York, organized a medical school which w.as united lo 
King's College, and in that institution took the Ch^ir of 
Physic in 1769, subsequently becoming Dean of the 
faculty. In 1770 he married his cousin, Mary Bard ; in 1772 
purchased bis father's establishment and business, and in 
1795 took Dr. Hosack into partnership with him. In 1774 
he gave a course of clinical lectures ; in 1791 was instru- 
mental in causing the establishment of a public hospital, of 
which he was appointed Visiting Physician; and in 1813 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 



was appointed President of the College of Physicians' and 
Surgeons. While the seat of government was in New York 
city, he was Washington's family physician. In 1798 he 
retired to his country-seat in New Jersey, but on the ap- 
proach of the yellow fever pestilence, returned to his former 
station as medical practitioner in New York. He was then 
himself laid low with the disease, but, carefully nursed by his 
wife, soon recovered. He was a skilful horticulturist as well 
as an eminent physician, and a patient and ingenious 
student of nature. Besides many addresses and discourses, 
he published : " The Shepherd's Guide ; " " De Viribus 
Opii," 1765; "On Anguia Suffocativa," in vol. i. "Ameri- 
can Philo^oplucal Transactions;" and "Compendium of 
Midwifery," in 1807. His "Life," published by John 
McVicar in 1822, contains much matter of a valuable and 
interesting nature. His degree of M. D. was obtained at 
the University of Edinburgh in 1765 ; that of LL. D. was 
conferred on him by the New Jersey College in 1S15. He 
died in New Jersey, May 24th, 1S21. 



r ELLEY, EDWARD B. P., M. D., Physician, of 
Perth Amboy, New Jersey, was born, July 4th, 
l8j5, in the town of Lebanon, Pennsylvania, and 
. ,| , is the son of Hon. James and Mary (W'alion) 
^v^^ Kelley, both of whom were natives of Pennsyl- 
vania. His father was for many years an emi- 
nent lawyer of Lebanon, and at one time Judge of the Court 
of Common Pleas in that county; the latter' portion of his 
life w.as spent in agricultural pursuits. During the war of 
1S12 he served as the colonel of a regiment from Lancaster, 
Pennsylvania. Dr. Kelley's grandfather, James Kelley, was a 
colonel in the revolutionary war, and participated in many 
of the struggles of those eventful times. He was wounded 
at the battle of the Brandywine, and subsequently mortally 
wounded at the battle of Germantown. Edward B. P. 
Kelley was educated at the public schools, and when nine- 
teen years old he graduated from the High School of Har- 
risburg. He then removed to Philadelphia, where he 
passed two years in the drug business. Having determined 
to embrace the medical profession, he prosecuted his studies 
in th.it direction under the preceptorship of his brother. Dr. 
Charles E. P. Kelley, a prominent practitioner of Mount 
Joy, Lancaster county, Pennsylvania. While a resident of 
Philadelphia, from 1S56 to 1S5S, he matriculated' ■''at the. 
Jefferson Medical College in that city, and also at the Ver- 
mont Medical University, at Burlington, Vermont, at which 
places he alternated his medical courses, and received his 
degree of M. D. from the Vermont University in 1S57, .and 
the following year received a diploma from the Jefferson 
Medical College. He was subsequently appointed Resi- 
dent Physician and Surgeon of the Philadelphia Hospital,! 
and served therein during a |inninn of ihe years 185S and I 
1859. In the autumn of the latter year he sailed for Eu- 1 
36 



rope, where he sojourned for nearly two years, meanwhile 
visiting the various hospitals in England and on the conti- 
nent. On his return to the United States he was. appointed 
Medical Inspector for United States Volunteers of the Slate 
of Pennsylvania. In August, 1S61, he was made Medical 
D. rector of the 6th Corps of the Army of the Potomac, with 
the rank of Colonel, being attached to the staff of General 
John Sedgwick, and after to that -of his successor. General 
H. G. Wright. He was in active service during the entire 
period of the war of the rebellion; and at the b.ittle of 
Gaines' Mills he was wounded by a piece of shell in the 
face and hands, besides being captured by the enemy. He 
endurftd for three months the horrors of the Libby prison. 
During his connection with the medical corps of the army 
he was placed in charge of the corps hospital, at Alexan- 
dria, Virginia, and in the corps hospital at Fredericksburg, 
in the same State, subsequent to the battles of the Wilder- 
ness. From thence he was transferred to the general hos- 
pital at City Point, and was finally in charge of the corps 
hospital in front of Petersburg, near Fort Hell. After be- 
ing mustered out of the service, he settled at Perrineville, 
New Jersey, where he was associated with Dr. T. J. 
Thomason- for, seven years, and practised his profession. 
In 1873 he removed to Perth Amboy, where he has since 
resided, being actively and successfully engaged in profes- 
sional pursuits. He was married, October 15th, 1873, 'o 
Fannie J., a daughter of Jirah J. Eulkeley, a retired mer- 
chant, foiTiierly of Hartford, Connecticut, but now a resident 
of Cranberry, New Jersey. 



|AILEY, GAMALIEL, M. D., Proprietor and 
Editor of the National Era, Abolition Advo- 
cate, late of Washington, District of Columbia, 
was born at Mount Holly, New Jersey, December 
3d, 1807. Removing to Philadelphia, Pennsyl- 
vania, at the age of nine years, he there entered 
upon a course of medical studies when he had finished his 
earlier school education, and in 1828 received his degree 
of M. D. He then sailed to China as physician of a ship, 
afterward beginning his career as editor on the Melh- 
odist Protestant, in Baltimore, Maryland. In i83i,he re- 
moved to Cincinnati, and^in that city acted .as physician to 
the Cholera Ilospit.il during the prevalence of the epi- 
demic. : In 1836, in connection with J. G. Birney, he con- 
ducted the first anti-slavery newspaper in the West, the 
Cincinnati Philatitliropist. Upon two occasions their print- 
ing-office was attacked by a riotous mob of malicious per- 
sons, the press tossed into the Ohio river, and the books and 
papers burned. In 1837 he became sole editor of the 
Philanthropist, the organ of the Liberal parly, and was a 
principal leader in the presidential canvass in 1S40. In the 
following year his press was again destroyed by a mob, 
which, after doing much wilful harm, was dispersed by the 



282 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 



military. January 1st, 1847, he began to edit, at the cap- 
ital, the National Era, a newspaper of decided anti-slavery 
principles. In 1848, a mob, lor three consecutive days, be- 
sieged his office. " Addressing the multitude in a speech 
remarkable for its coolness and its independent spirit, the 
mob, that had proposed to tar and feather him, was dis- 
arMied by his eloquence." In the Era was originally 
published " Uncle Tom's Cabin." He died, June 5th, 
1S59, on board the outgoing steamer "Arago." 



i AXEMAN, DR.. EPHRAIM, Member of Con- 
gress, and United States Senator, late of Cum- 
berland, New Jersey, was born there, in 1770- 
While serving as a mechanic's apprentice, he 
devoted his spare hours to the study of medicine, 
and rapidly acquired a large and varied store of 
medical knowledge. Subsequently he won distinction in 
the profession as a skilful physician, and became widely 
known through his many successes secured under adverse 
circumstances. For many years, also, he was an active 
member of the New Jersey State Legislature; from 1815 to 
1S23 was in Congress; and from 1S26 to 1829 served ably 
as United States Senator. He was a public spirited and 
liberal citizen ; upright in all the relations of life, public 
and private ; and ever zealous in the cause of his State and 
country. He died in Cumberland, New Jersey, January 
29ih, 1S29. 

^OOD, REV. JAMES, D. D., an eminent Presbyte- 
rian Clergyman, Teacher, and Author, late of 
Hightstown, New Jersey, was a native of New 
York State, and graduated at Princeton Theologi- 
cal Seminary. After preaching for a time in 
Amsterdam, New York, he was appointed Agent 
of the Board of Education for the West. He was subse- 
quently for many years Professor of Church History in the 
Indiana Theological Seminary, and upon his resignation 
became principal of an academy for boys, in New Albany, 
Indiana. His next appointment was that of Assistant 
Secretary of the Board of Education at Philadelphia, Penn- 
sylvania. He was afterward elected to the Presidency of 
Hanover College, in the same Slate, which position he re- 
si'.;ned, however, in 1866, that he might become principal 
of the Van Rensselaer Institute, at Hightstown, New Jersey. 
The primary object of this institution was the education of 
the children of missionaries. He had entered upon the 
discharge of his new and important duties with great zeal 
and energy, and was making vigorous efforts toward a com- 
plete endowment, when stricken down by death. He was 
the author of an able work entitled "Old and New Theol- 
ogy," setting forth the reasons which led to the division of 
the Presbyterian Church. He published also an interesting 



volume known as "A Call to (he Ministry," and several 
other treatises, essays, pamphlets, and sermons, bearing on 
moral, theological, and kindred subjects; all of which con- 
tain sterling food for thought, and much matter of a valuable 
and suggestive nature. He died at Hightstown, New Jer- 
sey, April 7th, 1867, aged sixty-seven years. 



f VANS, AUGUSTUS O., Journalist and Politician, 
late of Hoboken, New Jersey, was born in Hing- 
hampton. New York, in 1831. While in his 
twentieth year he moved to Brooklyn, there find- 
ing employment in a subordinate capacity on the 
New York 'liibune, and finally as reporter of 
the New Jersey Nnos. Finding his residence in Brooklyn 
inconvenient, he removed to Hoboken, New Jersey, and 
soon after took charge of the Ihtdson Comity De7itocrat, of 
which he retained the proprietorship until March, 1873. 
For one or two years he occupied the position of City Clerk 
of Hoboken ; in 1855 was elected to the Assembly of New 
Jersey, and again elected in 1866, when he was chosen as 
Speaker of the House. He died in Hoboken, New Jersey, 
September 28th, 1873, aged forty-two years. 



/ 



%RI.SCOM, JOHN, LL. D., Physician and Chemist, 
l.ate of Burlington, New Jereey, died there Feb- 
ruary 26th, 1852, aged seventy-seven years. He 
presided for some time as Professor of Chemistry 
and Natural Philosophy in New York Institute, 
where he was admired and respected for his pro- 
found acquirements and his rare technical abilities. In 
addition to his attainments as physician and scientist, he 
possessed a varied store of literary knowledge, and w.as 
himself a writer of no mean calibre. In 1823 he published 
"A Year in Europe in 1818-1819," 2 vols.; and at a later 
date, "A Discourse on Character and Education." His 
criticisms and judgments concerning the current literature 
of his day were the offspring of a ripe and keenly discrimi- 
nating perceptive power, and by those who knew his worth, 
were accepted as guides wholly reliable and trustworthy. 



s/ 



INNICKSON, HON. THOMAS, Judge, and Mem- 
ber of the First Congress, late of Salem county, 
New Jersey, was born in that place, and there 
received a classical education and mercantile 
training. He served in the revolutionary war at 
the battles of Trenton and Princeton, in the capac- 
ity of Captain, performing gallant ami efficient service. For 
many years he was an honored member of the Council and 
Assembly of New Jersey, and the Presiding Judge of the 
Court of Common Ple.as. During the progress of the Revo- 
lution he was a vigilant correspondent of the Committee of 



BIOGRAP.ilCAL ENCVCLOP.^DIA. 



28 1 



S.ifety; and a Represenlative in the First Congress, after 
the adoption of the Constitution, from 1789 to 179 1, and 
again from 1797 to 1799. In the fourth Presidential election, 
1801, he was one of the Electors from New Jersey. Ilis 
name is honorably associated with the history of his State, 
and he occupies in its annals a proud place as soldier and 
as statesman. 

)^ / -^— 

fP/f\OYDEN, SETH, Inventor, Leather Manufacturer, 
.s'l /' e(c.^ late of Middleville, New Jersey, was born in 
Foxborough, Massachusetts, November 17th, 17S8. 
In 1813 he engaged in the leather manufacturing 
business in Newark, New Jersey, and invented a 
machine for splitting leather. In iSig he beg.in 
the manufacture of patent leather, and in 1826 made the 
first malleable iron. He subsequently perfected the first 
locomotive with the driving-rod outside the wheel ; pro- 
duced the first daguerreotype in America; invented the pro- 
cess of making spelter; discovered the art of making 
Russian sheet-iron ; and patented a hat-body doming 
machine used in all the hat manufactories in the United 
States. After passing through a life and career of peculiar 
usefulness to his fellow-beings, he died at an advanced age, 
in Middleville, New Jersey, March 31st, 1870. He was a 
man of singular fertility of invention in mechanical matters, 
and was richly endowed with resources in all things relating 
to the practical side of science and mechanics. His mind 
was constantly occupied in endeavoring to produce the 
maximum of results with the minimum of means; and he 
was only completely happy when engaged in essays and 
experiments tending to illustrate the power and value of a 
fresh method or new idea. 

jJOGGS, CHARLES STUART, Rear-Admiral 
United States Navy, of Brunswick, New Jersey, 
was born in Brunswick, New Jersey, January 28th, 
1810, the nephew of Captain James Lawrence. 
He entered the navy, November ist, 1826; and 
September 6th, 1837, was promoted to a lieuten- 
ancy. During the progress of the war with Mexico he was 
on the " Princeton," of Conmiodore Conner's squadron ; 
was present at the siege of Vera Cruz, and commanded the 
boat expedition which destroyed the " Truxton " after her 
surrender to the Mexicans. September 14th, 1855, he was 
made Commander, and assigned by the Secretary of the Navy 
.0 the United Stales mail steamer " Illinois," which he com- 
manded during the ensuing three years. He afterward 
filled the position of Light-House Inspector for California, 
Oregon, and Washington Territory. In 1S61, at the out- 
break of (he Southern rebellion, he was ordered to the gun- 
boat " Varuna," of Farragut's Gulf Squadron ; and in the 
assault on the Mississippi forts, destroyed six of the Confed- 
erate gunboats, fin.ally losing his own vessel, however, after 



setting his antagonist in flames and driving her a'-hore. 
He then returned to Washington as bearer of despatches; 
was ordered to the connnand of the new sloop-uf-wnr 
" Juniata ; " and July Iblh, 1S62, was promoted to the rank 
of Captain. July 25th, 1866, he became Commodore, com 
manding the steamer " De Soto," of the North Atlantic 
Squadron, during the years 1867-1868. He became Rear- 
Admiral in July, 1870, a high rank deservedly attained 
through his gallantry and ability in action. 



||ARD, JOHN, Physician, late of Hyde Park, New 
York, was born in Burlington, New Jersey, Feb- 
ruary 1st, 1716, and was of a family which had 
been driven from France in consequence of the 
revocation of the edict of Nantes. Peter Bard, 
his father, a merchant, came to Maryland in 1 703, 
but soon moved to New Jersey, where he acted for many 
years as a Privy-Councillor, and second Judge of the Su- 
preme Court. He received the rudiments of a classical 
education at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, was for seven 
years a surgeon's apprentice in that city, and there also 
began a lasting friendship with Dr. PVanklin. In 1746 he 
established himself in New York, and rapidly won a lead- 
ing rank among the practitioners of the city and its environs. 
In 1750 he assisted Dr. Middleton in the first recorded 
dissection in America. In 1759 he was appointed to take 
measures to prevent the spread of ship-fever, and selected 
Bedloe's Island for a hospital, of which he took charge. 
In 1778 he withdrew from the city; but, at the close of the 
war, resumed practice there, and in 178S became first Pres- 
ident of the New York Medical Society. In 1795, during 
the prevalence at New York of the yellow-fever epidemic, 
he remained at his post, and made himself eminently useful 
in a trying and perilous time. , In May, 179S, he relinquished 
his professional labors, and sought the tranquillity of private 
life. At his decease he left an essay on malignant pleurisy, 
and also several valuable papers relating to the cause and 
phases of yellow-fever, which were finally published in the 
"American Medical Register." He died at Hyde Park, 
New York, March 30th, iSoo. 



''i'lNLEY, ROBERT, D. D., Presbyterian Divine 
and Philanthropist, late of Athens, Georgia, was 
born in Princeton, New Jersey, in 1772; grad- 
uated from the New Jersey College in 1787 ; and 
in 181 7 had conferred on him by that institution 
the degree of D. D. James Finley, his father, 
came from Scotland to this country in 1769. From 1793 
to 1817 he was connected with the New Jersey College as 
tutor, or Trustee ; and, June l6th, 1795, w.as ordained pastor 
at Basking Ridge. He originated the plan of colonizing 
emancipated blacks in Africa, and was instrumental in 



284 EIOGRAPIIICAL ENCVCLOr.EDIA. 

forrnin- the constitution and in organizing the Colonization I the Ne%u York Medkal Record ; "Relations of Cardiac 
installed President of Pathology to the Sphygmograph," read before the New 



Society. In July, 1817, he was 
Franklin College, in Athens, Georgia, where he died, Oc- 
tober 3d, 1817. During his lifetime he published various 
sermons, and several excellent papers relating to the me- 
thods and results of colonization, in which he was ever 
warmly and generou ly interested. 



'OLDEN, EDGAR, M. D., Newark, New Jersey, 
was born in 1S38 at Hingham, Massachusetts. 
He is the son of Asa H. and Annie L. Holden, 
his father being a manufacturer of malleable and 
cast-iron cannon. In 1847 he entered the Hing- 
ham Academy; in 1852 J.imes Hunting's Board- 
ing School, at Jamaica, Long Island ; was Assistant Teacher 
in the Rev. J. Pingry's Boarding and College School in 
1855; graduated at Princeton College in 1859, receiving 
the degree of A. M. in 1S62 ; and in 1861 graduated at the 
College of Physicians and Surgeons of New York. In the 
latter year he was commissioned a Surgeon in the United 
States navy, by Abraham Lincoln. In 1S62 he became a 
member of the New Jersey State Medical Society; of the 
Essex District Medical Society, and of the New York So- 
ciety for the Advancement of Science; and in 1864 a mem- 
ber of the American Medical Association. In the same 
year he was commissioned as Assistant Surgeon in the 
United States army. In 1865 he was made a Medical Ad- 
viser of the Mutual Benefit Life Insurance Company, and 
in 1869 President of the Board of Advisers. He visited 
foreign countries in 1871, and in 1S73 was Clinical Physi- 
cian to St. Michael's Hospital. In 1870 he visited the prin- 
cipal cities and health resorts of the United States. In 1873 
he received the Stevens Triennial Prize from the College 
of Physicians and Surgeons of New York. In 1874 he w.is 
Consulting Surgeon to St. Barnabas Hospital. In 1875 he 
became a member of the New York Larj-ngological So- 
ciety, receiving in the same year the degree of Doctor of 
Philosophy from Princeton College. He was also a mem- 
ber of the Executive Committee of the International Medi- 
cal Congress held in that year. His contributions to litera- 
ture, medical and popular, have been frequent and of a high 
order, his medical papers embracing : "A Singular Case of 
Sloughing, with Loss of the entire Scapula, with Recovery," 
read before the Essex Medical Union, 1861 ; " Certain Dis- 
eases of Men of War," published in the American Journal 
of Medical Science, 1864; ".\ntecedent Diseases in Cases 
of Heart Disease and Apoplexy," published in the same 
journal, 1864; "Cancer and Tubercle: their Relations," 
pamphlet ; " Nitrous Oxide and its Relations," published 
in the American Journal of Medical Science ; " Ostracism 
for Consumption," published in the same journal and in 
pamphlet form ; " Successful Treatment of Asthma," in the 
same journal; " Vaginal and Vulval Varices," published in 



York State Medical Society, and published as a pamphlet ; 
"Anomalies of Cardiac Pathology," American Journal nf 
Medical Science ; "The Sphygmograph," for which the 
Stevens Triennial Prize was awarded by the College of 
Physicians and Surgeons of New York, published in book 
form, and " Influence of Certain Occupations," American 
Journal of Medical Science ; vthile of his popular papers 
we may mention : " Cruise of the Passaic ; " " Chapter on 
the Coolie Trade," and " Cruise of the Sassacus," published 
in Harper's Magaune ; " Journal of Iron-Clad Cruisers ; " 
" The Three Chimneys," published in TAe Chimney Corner, 
and " Our Pedestrian Tour," all illustrated in pen and ink. 
He married in 1861 Kate Hedder, daughter of Jotham 
Hedder, of East Orange, and afterwards Helen Stewart, 
daughter of Mr. John Binger, of Orange. 



UCKER, COLONEL ISAAC M., Lawyer, late of 
Newark, New Jersey, was a resident of that city, 
a leading member of the legal profession, and a 
man of much influence throughout the State. In 
1856 he was a member of the State Republican 
Executive Committee. " He was a true patriot, 
and his services to his regiment were most valuable." He 
was killed in the battle of Gaines' Mill, shot by the enemy 
while being borne wounded from the field, June 27th, 1S62. 



» ARKLEY, ALBERT ^VATSON, late of Camden, 
was born in Leacock, Lancaster county, Pennsyl- 
vania, October 25th, 1825, and died September 
25th, 1875. His early life was passed principally 
in Columbia, Pennsylvania, and he received his 
education at Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsyl- 
vania. He moved to Camden in 1S46, and was first em- 
ployed in the counting-house of J. \V. & J. F. Starr. He 
remained with this firm about two years, when he accepted 
a clerkship in the State Bank, and held that position till 
1854, when he was appointed assignee of the estate of \V. 
W. Fleming, of Atsion. In the settlement of this large 
estate, which he managed most successfully, he laid the 
foundation of his future business career, and became widely 
known in Camden and Burlington counties for those gentle- 
manly courtesies which distinguished his conduct in after 
life, and drew about him a corps of true and admiring 
friends. He ne.\t interested himself in procuring a charter 
for a new bank in Camden, which he succeeded in doing 
through the aid of influential friends at Trenton. When 
the Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank (now First National) 
commenced business, he was elected President, in which 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP-EDIA. 



285 



capacity he served for some time. lie shortly afterward be- 
came deeply interested in the affairs of the Camden & 
Amboy Railroad Company, of which he was an efficient 
Director. Here he was recognized as a man of ability, and 
was intrusted with many delicate transactions, and from 
that time till the united roads were leased by the Pennsyl- 
v.mla company, he divided his labors between Trenton and 
Washington to prevent legislation antagonistic to that com- 
pany. At Wxshington, by his genial manners and kindly 
nature, he became one of the most influential and popular 
men at the national capital, and during the war gave many 
a New Jersey soldier occasion to remember him with grati- 
tude for leaves of absence, extensions of furloughs, and for 
grateful delicacies while sick or wounded in the hospitals. 
This patriotic work was continued, without ostentation and 
almost unknown, except to the recipients of his favors, until 
the close of the war. His interest in the New Jersey roads 
continued till the time of his death. He was also a large 
stockholder in the Camden & Philadelphia Steamboat Ferry 
Company. At a very early day he saw the value and capa- 
bilities of that corporation and became interested in it, and 
it is in a measure due to his efforts that this ferry has im- 
jiroved so greatly and increased its facilities for travel to 
such an extent, and also that the ferries of Camden have 
within the past few years made such great progress. He 
was a very benevolent man, and seemed to take delight in 
conferring favors on other people, and at each Christmas 
which has elapsed since his death more than one poor family 
has missed its accustomed turkey, and more than one coal 
bm and flour barrel have lacked replenishing from the same 
cause. He attended the First Presbyterian Church, of Cam- 
den, and took great interest in its prosperity, and it is largely 
owing to his exertions that the present edifice was erected. 
State and party lines seemed to offer no barriers to Mr. 
Markley's friendships; they were coextensive with the 
country, and few men in New Jersey were better known 
than he, or coul'd number so extended a list of friends. The 
President, the cabinet, senators and members of Congress, 
governors of .States and State officers, all esteemed him for 
his social and gentlemanly qualities, and these gave him a 
commanding position, which he used most unselfishly. In 
proof of this, it may be stated that notwithstanding all the 
patronage at his command he never held any office, except 
that of a bank and railroad official. 



V ANDOLPH, JOSEPH FITZ, Judge, an eminent 
^f jurist of New Jersey, late of Jersey City, was 
born in Freehold, Monmouth county, in 1803. 
After obtaining an ordinary school education, he 
entered upon the study of law, and in 1825 was 
admitted to the bar. For some years he acted 
as State's Attorney for the county ; was a representative in 
Congress from 1S37 to 1843; "'^s a member of the conven- 



tion which framed the State Constitution in 1S44, and in 
1845 "'^s appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court of Ntw 
Jersey for .seven years, after which he resumed the practice 
of his profe.ssion .it Trenton. He was a member of the 
Peace Congress in 1861. He was a jurist of consummate 
ability, and, through wide and varied experience and close 
reading, had acquired a remarkable fund of legal lore, and 
also knowledge in abundance uf worldly and literary mat- 
ters distinct from his profession. He died in Jersey City, 
March 19th, 1873. 



\N NEST, PETER, REV., Methodist Itinerant 
Minister, late of Pcmberton, New Jersey; died 
there, September 17th, 1S50. Vox a period ex- 
tending over fifly-four years he was widely known 
as a zealous and untiring itinerant preacher and 
exhorter; and during this extended space of time 
was instrumental in producing many enthusiastic revivals, 
and in advancing with fearless ardor the interests of Chris- 
tianity and his church. 



^F^i 



i) 



^:' "VpRAZEE, JOHN, Sculptor and Architect, kite of 
G' Ji') New Bedford, Massachusetts, was born in Rah- 
^3, I / way, New Jersey, July iSth, 1790, and in early 
life was actively employed as a stone-cutter, and 
also as a farmer. Upon removing to New York 
he rapidly acquired distinction through the beauty 
and high finish of his monuments, tablets and ornamental 
mantels, and also the delicacy of his lettering. Turning 
his attention to sculpture, he produced a mural tablet and 
bust of John Welles, for St. Paul's Church, a most elabo- 
rate and artistically finished piece of work, which attracted 
much attention. In 1834, at the request of the trustees 
of the Boston Athenreum, he modeled a series of busts 
of eminent men in that city, which now adorn its librarj'; 
they were of Webster, Bowditch, Prescott, Story, J. Lowell, 
and T. H. Perkins. He also produced heads of John 
Marshall, Jackson, Lafayette, De Witt Clinton, Jay, Bishop 
Hobart, Dr. Milnor, and Dr. .Stearns. He was also archi- 
tect of the New York Custom House, in which he was an 
officer for some time. He died at New Bedford, Massa- 
chusetts, March 3d, 1852. 

WJYfl'^CCULLOCH, GEORGE P., was born in Bombay, 
"''" India, in December, 1775. The son of a Scotch 
ofl^cer in the East India service, he lost both 
parents in his childhood, and at the age of five 
years was taken from India to Edinburgh, where 
under the care of his gr.indniother he completed 
his education at the University of Edinburgh, having as 
his instructor in mathematics the illustrious Professor John 



286 



BIOGRArmCAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 



Playfair, and as his preceptor in Latin the scarcely less 
famous Dr. Adams, whose Latin Grammar stdl survives 
in our colleges and schools. On the completion of his 
education, he left Edinburgh for London, where he em- 
barked in mercantile pursuits, becoming the head of an 
extensive house connected with the East India trade, his 
partner being Francis Law, grandson of John Law, the cele- 
brated financier, and brother of James Alexander Bernard 
Law, Count de Lauriston, and favorite aide-de-camp of 
N.ipoleon. Shortly after the close of the French Revolu- 
tion, he spent a year in Paris, where his intimacy with the 
Count de Lauriston, and his famdiarity with the Continen-- 
tal languages, speaking fluently, as he did, French, German, 
Spanish and Italian, brought him into daily contact with 
the leading men of those eventful times, and afterwards led 
to his selection by the London merchants for the conduct 
of some very important and delicate negotiations in Holland 
during the Napoleonic wars, in the discharge of which task 
he passed as a German through Napoleon's army without 
exciting a suspicion of his nationality or his mission. In 
l8o2 he went as the confidential agent of the directors 
of the East India Company to the city of Madrid, where he 
passed the winter in conducting several mercantile negotia- 
tions of great delicacy. At this time, young, accomplished, 
able, a man of the world, vei-sed alike in business and in 
affairs, he occupied a noble vantage-ground for a career in 
either commerce or diplomacy, but the unsettled state of 
Europe clouding for the time his business prospects in Lon- 
don, and his health being impaired, he resolved to emigrate 
to this country, a resolution he executed in 1806, reaching 
New York, with his wife, Martha Louisa Ednina Sander- 
son, having married in 1800, and two children, in July of 
the former year. Coming to New Jersey in search of a 
quiet home, he found the object of his search in Morris- 
town, where he built the house in which he lived for all the 
long remainder of his life, and in which he died, surrounded 
from first to last by his family, and by 

....*' that which should accompany old age. 
As honor, love, obedience, troops of fnends." 

A few years after he settled in Morristown he lost a large 
part of the property he had brought with him, and in 1814, 
with his accustomed spirit, he established in that town an 
academy for boys, which he conducted with distinguished 
success for some fifteen years, many of the most eminent 
men of the country receiving their early training from him. 
But the great achievement of his life, the one that above 
every other entitles him to the gratitude of New Jersey and 
the respect and admiration of posterity,, is the Morris Canal, 
which he projected, and did more than any other man, well 
nigh as much as all other men, to carry into execution. As 
this enterprise forms, and must ever form, a prominent 
chapter in the history of the New Jersey iron manufacture, 
not to say in the history of New Jersey itself, no apology is 
needed for giving here, with some particularity, an account 



of its origin and construction, especially as the account is 
from the hand of the originator himself, and is thus doubly 
deserving of incorporation into this sketch. Many years 
before his death, in compliance with a request of Mr. Cad- 
wallader D. Colden, then President of the Morris Canal 
Company, he wrote to that gentleman the following com- 
munication, which, in justice to the dead as well as the 
living, should have a permanent place in the records of the 
State : " Lake Hopatcong," he says in this communication, 
" in former times commonly called the Long Pond, had al- 
ways been a resort for sportsmen, but never attracted serious 
attention, excepting as an advantageous forge and mill seat. 
Its supposed dimensions were greatly exaggerated, and the 
only remark produced by Us location was concerning the 
facility with which its water, leaving the bed of its natural 
outlet towards the Delaware, could be made to inundate 
Suckasunny plain, and seek an issue towards the Hudson. 
The Erie Canal was about thirty-five years ago an object 
commanding deep interest. By pouring the produce of the 
lake and western counties into the New York market, it 
seemed to threaten destruction to the agriculture of northern 
New Jersey, unless some mode of transportation cheaper 
than teams and turnpikes could be invented. Presiding 
over the Agricultural .Society of Morris County, my mind 
was naturally turned to this emergency, and, during the 
repose of a fishing party on the banks of the lake, the pro- 
ject occurred to me of converting this vast reservoir, so 
aptly situated, into a canal, to penetrate New Jersey in con- 
necting the Delaware and Hudson rivers. The immense 
utility of such a communication was obvious, but the topog- 
raphy of the region to be traversed, the obstacles to be en- 
countered, the expedients for surmounting an uncalculated 
and enormous elevation, were all involved in utter obscurity. 
The naked project, when started for public discussion, was 
for these reasons treated rather as the aberration of a dreamer 
than as the anticipation of a sane mind. Gradually, how- 
ever, the idea worked its way into the reflective men of the 
community. Self-interest enlisted the warm advocacy of 
the population near the course of the projected canal ; men 
of liberal ideas everywhere desired to give fair investigation 
to so novel a'schenie ; opposition was finally circumscribed 
to that most respectable cl.ass of personages who understand 
nothing which they cannot see, believe nothing which they 
cannot touch, and patronize noihing which they cannot coin 
into dollars. I had prepared public opinion by a series of 
essays in the county newspaper. Nothing definite was, 
however, known of the altitude to be overcome, the 
soil to be excavated, the undulations to be levelled, the 
course to be pursued, the difficulties to be surmounted, 
the expedients to be adopted. All was mere guess, 
and the calculations were very congenial to the data on 
which they were predicated. I saw the necessity of 
walking over all the difficult locations, accompanied by the 
most intelligent men of the respective vicinities, and with 
Professor Renwick, of New York, to whom the plan had 



BIOGRArillCAL ENCYCLOr.TiDIA. 



2S7 



been expUiincil. Tluis an approximation to some definite 
idea was obtained, hut still nialliemalical certitude was want- 
ing, willioiit wliii-h no practical result was to be expected. 
A regular survey was indispensable, but I could not myself 
afford it; a private subscription to the necessary amount 
was clearly impossible, and there remained only to obtain 
legislative aid. Hence arose the necessity of organizing the 
friends of the enterprise into a sort of party, and of electing 
assemblymen favorable to a liberal grant. This was effected 
in the teeth of much opposition, ridicule, and suspicion. I 
accompanied our legislators to Trenton, and, assisted by 
Mr. Cobb, of Morris, and Mr. Kinsey, of Bergen, succeeded 
in obtaining a grant of §2,000 for a survey. It must be 
confessed, so narrow and uncertain was the information we 
could convey, that this generous grant seemed to many of 
the very men who made it a sacrifice to get rid of clamorous 
and nidefatigable enthusiasm rather than seed sown to be 
in due time matured into a magnificent harvest. Such were 
afifairs in the winter of 1S22. Mr. Renwick had already, 
like myself, gratuitously and at his own expense gone over 
the whole line, and the operations of the ensuing year were 
now concerted with him. Be it here broadly stated, that, 
up to the time when the Morris Canal became a Wall street 
speculation, he was considered, by every person connected 
with the enterprise, as its chief engineer, and that without 
his zeal, talent and science it would not, within our day 
and generation, have emerged beyond a scheme transmitted 
to a more liberal and enlightened posterity. In April, 1S23, 
I went to Albany, and, with Governor Clinton's countenance, 
obtained from the Legislature of New York a grant of its 
engineers to join in the Morris survey. But even this co- 
operation did not seem to me sufficient to counteract the 
apathy of friends or the prejudices and party spirit of op- 
ponents. I therefore wrote to Mr. Calhoun, then Secretary 
of War, for the aid of General Bernard and Colonel Totten, 
heads of the United States engineer department. This re- 
inforcement, with the volunteer services of General Swift, 
constituted a weight of authority sufficient to overpower 
cavil, ignorance and hostility. From Albany I proceeded 
with Judge Wright, Chief Engineer of the Erie Canal, to 
Little Falls, for the purpose of engaging Mr. Beach to take 
the levels and survey the route, having previously conversed 
with him, and agreed with Professor Renwick to intrust him 
with that task. The spring and summer of 1823 were spent 
by me in collecting topographical and statistical information, 
as also in reconnoitring the various routes, in company with 
the inhabitants of their vicinity. Here a singular fact should 
be stated, that the plain, good sense and local information 
of our farmers staked out the most difficult passes of the 
boldest canal in existence, and that in every important point 
the actual navigation merely pursues the trace thus indicated. 
In July, 1S2J, Mr. Beach appeared for the first time on the 
scene of action, guided by Mr. Renwick, to whom the de- 
liberative department was confided. The Morris Canal was 
to be constructed on novel principles, and upon scientific 



deliberation its success was com])lctely dependent. Gov- 
ernor Clinton, with Judge Wright, and General BL-rnanl, 
with Colonel Totten, successively took a rapid view of the 
line at all its hazardous points ; were informed of the pecu- 
liar obstacles of each location ; the expedients proposed to 
surmount these obstacles; the capabilities of the country; 
the objects of the enterprise, and its probable results. Their 
remarks on these subjects, submitted by me to their con- 
sideration, are embodied in their several reports presented 
to the Legislature of New Jersey, and, with the documents 
of Messrs. Renwick and Beach, all forming part of the 
General Report, dated November, 1823, drawn by me, as 
President of the Commission. Our uniform object had been, 
as shown in the Commissioners' Report, to induce the 
Legislature to adopt the canal as a State concern, but the 
design proved absolutely impracticable, through local in- 
terests, jealousies, and a most laudable dread of public debt. 
The only remaining expedient for executing the enterprise 
was to raise a company, endowed with privileges and bank- 
ing powers sufficiently liberal to allure subscriptions. The 
summer of 1S24 was spent in sustaining through the press and 
otherwise the s|iirit which had been roused, and in ]irepar- 
ing a suitable charter for the contemplated company. It 
may be well here to remark, that, anticipating the danger 
of throwing the whole concern into the control of mere 
foreign capitalists, this draft of a charter provided that a 
certain number of directors should be chosen resident in 
each county penetrated by the canal. An unfortunate col- 
lision with the advocates of the Raritan Canal, then in agita- 
tion, delayed the passage of our charter; it was December; 
my academy had been in session several weeks, and I was 
constrained to return home, with assurances from the Morris 
members of the Legislature that the affair should be stren- 
uously urged. Several gentlemen from Wall street had 
volunteered their good offices, and very kindly took part in 
the Trenton lobby after my departure. Upon their sugges- 
tion the draft of the charter was transformed into its present 
shape, nor did I receive the most distant hint of any altera- 
tion until the bill was finally passed. A company was 
formed, and myself included in its direction. The pre- 
carious position of a canal coupled to a bank and directed 
by men of operations exclusively financial was obvious. The 
interests of the country, and the development of the iron 
manufacture, were merged into a reckless stock speculation. 
I did all in my power to arrest this perversion, but soon 
found myself a mere cypher, standing alone, and responsible 
in public opinion for acts of extravagant folly which I alone 
had strenuously o]iposed at the Board of Directors. My 
course would have been to resign my seat at once, but, 
anxious for an enterprise in which not only all my feelings 
but all my property were enlisted, and still hojnng that pru- 
dence and even a far-seeing self-interest might ultimately 
prevail, I clung to the sinking ship until every hope of 
safety had vanished, and then vacated my seat by selling 
out, thus saving myself from ruin, if not from loss. From 



288 



BIOGRAPHICAL EXCVCLOr.EDIA. 



the moment the charter, altered without my knowledge, 
was obtained, the whole affair became a stock-jobbing con- 
cern ; the canal a mere pretext ; my effort to recall the 
institution to its duty was regarded as an intrusion, and 
every pains was taken to force me to retire. Although 
iiominally the chief of the canal department, everything was 
done without my concurrence ; obstacles were opposed to 
all my incpiiries, and there seemed a universal dread of my 
seeing or hearing of any transaction. The result was that 
the canal, after years of delay, amidst gross blunders and 
most lucrative contracts, was completed at a cost of about 
$2,000,000, while a responsiVile contract was rejected to 
execute the whole for $850,000. Fortunes were lost and 
g.-iined ; loans borrowed and squandered ; the properly de- 
volved upon foreign capitalists; criminal justice inquired 
into its management, the bank exploded, after an attempt 
to involve New Jersey in a ruinous responsibility, and the 
canal remained an incflicient blot upon the map of the 
Slate. After numerous vicissitudes, the management has 
at length devolved upon gentlemen who understand the 
public as well as their own private interests, when honor 
and intelligence bid fair to redeem the charter of the insti- 
tution, rendering it not only lucrative to the stockholder, 
but a blessing to the country whose natur.il resources it now 
calls into activity. While the foregoing events were in pro- 
gress, I was the object of unmeasured abuse and misrepre- 
sentation by persons who sought to convert my labors into 
wealth and aggrandizement for themselves ; let me there- 
fore be permitted to state what those labors were. Not only 
was the project itself first conceived by me, but I employed 
five years in exploring the route, and conciliating friends. 
The newspaper articles, the correspondence to obtain infor- 
mation, the Commissioners' report, and an endless cata- 
logue of literaiy tasks, were from my hand. I claim to 
have, single-handed, achieved the problem of rendering 
popular and accomplishing a scheme demanding vast re- 
sources, and stigmatized as the dream of a crazed imagina- 
tion. The abuse and misrepresentation are long since for- 
given; the loss is forgotten. The enterprise seems now in 
a fair way to realize that public advantage which was ever 
the sole object in my mind, and I deem the sacrifice of a 
few years of comfort and repose as most amply remuner- 
ated. What was done was done to repay the hospitality of 
my adopted country." Never, surely, did public benefactor 
dispel from his shining name the mists and shadows of de- 
traction with a keener vigor or a nobler dignity. The 
vindication is not less historical than biographical, and as 
such, to repeat what was said above, it has a twofold claim 
to the space accorded it here. It is plain that this accom- 
plished man in his day did " the State some service." Nay, 
it would hardly be too much to say that at a critical period 
in the history of New Jersey he was to the commonwealth 
what leaven is to dough ; he leavened the whole mass. In 
1S30 he was appointed one of the Board of Visitors of the 
Military Academy at West Point, and in 1842 was reap- 



pointed, discharging his official duties on both occasions 
with the zeal and fidelity which were a part of his character. 
Personally, he was one of the most attractive and estim- 
able of men. He, indeed, was in. all respects a remarkable 
man : remarkable in his native gifts, in his culture, in his 
attainments, in his experience, in his achievements, in his 
masculine sense, in his vivid sensibilities, in his sparkling 
humor, in his gentleness, in his exquisite breeding, in the 
grace and variety and charm of his conversation, in his 
broad and progressive spirit, in his undrooping energy, in 
his lofty and spotless integrity, in his length of days, and 
in the health and happiness and honor that followed him 
throughout. He died in June, 1858, his wife, with whom he 
had lived for fifty-eight years, surviving him, as also the 
two children, his only children, who came with him to this 
country in the dawn of the century — a son, Mr. Francis L. 
Macculloch, of Salem, and a daughter, wife of the lamented 
Jacob \V. Miller, of Morristown, formerly United States 
Senator from New Jersey. 



/ 
CHUREMAN, HON. JAMES, Revolutionary Pa- 
triot, Mayor of the city of New Brunswick, New 
Jersey, late of that place, was one of its leading 
and most prominent citizens. In the opening 
of the revolutionary contest, he graduated at 
Queens College. On a certain occasion, as the 
anecdote is told in the " New Jersey Historical Collec- 
tion," the mUitia were suddenly called out to go against 
the enemy; their captain made a speech urging them to 
volunteer, but not one complied ; he then stepped out 
from the ranks, and, after volunteering himself, addressed 
them with such persuasive eloquence that a company was 
instantly formed, which went to Long Island, and there 
did gallant and efficient service in the conflict between the 
patriots and the royalist troops. In the course of the war, 
he was taken prisoner by a party of mounted British, near 
what is now Bergen's Mills, on Lawrence brook, three 
miles south of New Brunswick. He was then temporarily 
confined in the guard-house in New Brunswick, which 
stood near the Nelson mansion, where he was supplied 
with nutritious food through the kindness of Mrs. Van 
Deusen. He was transferred from there to New York, and 
imprisoned in the sugar-house of that city, with his com- 
rade, George Thomson. Philip Kissack, a lory, touched by 
their forlorn and suffering condition, furnished them wiih 
money, with which they purchased food, and tluis kept 
themselves from starvation and ulliinately death. Finally, 
they bribed the guards to give them the privilege of walk- 
ing about and exercising in the yard attached to the house; 
and one night, having supplied them with liquor in ^^■hich 
there had been pl.iced a quantity of laudanum, they dug 
through the wall and escaped to Ihe upper part of the 
city, near where the old prison stood. There they managed 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOr.EDIA. 



289 



to secure a small fishing-boat, and with a single oar paddled 
across the Hudson to I'owles' Hook, and thence proceeded 
to Morristown, where ihey were welcomed liy their patriot 
brothers-in-arms. In 17S6-87 he was a delegate to the 
Continental Congress, and a member of Congress from his 
State, 17S9-91, 1797-99. From the latter year until 1801 
he served as a United States Senator; and subsequently be- 
came Mayor of the city of New Brunswick, New Jersey. 
He was again a representative in 1S13-15. He died in 
New Brunswick, New Jersey, January 2jd, 1S24, .aged 
si.\ty-seven years. 

^, / 

i>.E BOW, JAMES DUNWOODY BROWNSOX, 
Journalist and Statistician, an eminent citizen of 
New Jersey, late of Elizabeth, was born in 
Charleston, South Carolina, July loth, 1S20, and 
in 1S43 graduated from the Charleston College, 
in his native State. His father was a merchant 
of good standing and repute. He was for seven years em- 
ployed in a mercantile house, ])ut after graduating devoted 
himself to the study of law, and in 1844 was admitted to 
the Charleston bar. Subsequently he became editor of 
the Sou/hern Quarterly Kmic-v, Charleston. One of his 
articles, entitled " Oregon and the Oregon Question," at- 
tracted much attention both at home and abroad, and oc- 
casioned a debate in the French Chamber of Deputies. In 
the latter part of 1S45 he removed to New Orleans, Louis- 
iana, and there established his Commercial Review. After 
a short term as Professor of Political Economy and Com- 
mercial Statistics in the University of Louisiana, in 1848, 
he was for three years th.e Chief of the Census Bureau of 
the Slate, and collected and published valuable st.atistics 
of the population, commerce and products of Louisiana. 
Upon his appointment, in March, 1853, .as Superintendent 
of the United States Census, he collected and prepared for 
the press a large part of the material for the quarto edition 
of the " Census of 1S50." He was a warm supporter of the 
material and intellectual interests of the South; was a mem- 
ber of nearly every southern commercial convention since 
1845, !i"<l presided over that held at Knoxville, Tennessee, 
in 1S57. He contributed many articles on American topics 
to the new edition of the " Encyclopaedia Britannica; " de- 
livered various .addresses before literary, agricultural and 
other associations, and was one of the founders of the 
Louisiana Historical Society, since merged in the Academy 
of Science. In the years of commotion preceding the out- 
burst of the rebellion he put forth many virulent denuncia- 
tions of the Northern States and their institutions; and 
throughout the contest, though his Review was necessarily 
discontinued, his voice and pen were incessantly busied in 
l.iuiling the aims and actions of the Confederacy. At the 
conclusion of the war, however, he was brought to admit 
the superiority of the free to the slave labor system, and 
37 



urged upon the Southern St.ales the wise policy of en- 
couraging immigration. He afterward re-established his 
Revieiu, tirst in New York, later in Nashville. His " En- 
cyclopedia of the Trade and Commerce of the United 
States," two volumes, 8vo., was published in 1853; his 
"Southern States: their Agriculture, Commerce, etc.," in 
1S56; and the " Industrial Resources of the Southwest," 
compiled from his Review, three volumes, in 1853. His 
" Compendium of the Seventh United St.ites Census " also 
deserves approving mention. He died in Elizabeth, New 
Jersey, February 27th, 1S67. 



UFFIELD, REV. GEORGE, son of George Duf- 
fieUl, D. D., and grandson of George Duftield, 
D. D., an ardent revolutionary patriot and chap- 
lain of the old Congress, of Ann Arbor, Michigan, 
was born in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, in 1S18. Upoil 
the completion of a course of preparatory studies, 
he entered Yale College and graduated from that institution 
in 1837. In 1840 he was ordained to the ministry, and set- 
tled for some time in Bloomfield, New Jersey, where he soon 
became known as a diligent siudent and earnest preacher. 
He then removed to Brooklyn, New York, and was engaged 
in that field of labor until 1852, when he assumed the jias- 
torate of the Central Church, Northern Liberties, Philadel- 
phia, Pennsylvania. For some years past he has officiated 
at the Presbyterian Church, Ann Arbor, Michigan. He has 
written many hymns, but will be chiefly remembered for 
the one, " Stand up for Jesus." 



^M 



S7« 



OX, REV. SAMUEL HANSON, D. D., LL. D., 

Presbyterian Divine, \Vriter on Religious .Sub- 
jects, of New York, was born in Leesville, New 
Jersey, August 25th, 1793. He commenced the 
study of law in 181 1, afterward studied theology, 
and finally, July 1st, 1817, was ordained by the 
New Jersey Presbytery. From 1820 to 1833 he officiated 
as pastor of the Spring Street Church, New York; from 
1834 to May, 1837, presided as Professor of Sacred Rhetoric 
at Auburn, New York; and fron\ that time until 1854, when 
by the failure of his voice he was obliged to relinquish his 
charge, -was pastor of the First Presbyterian Church of 
Brooklyn, New York. July loth, 1834, having openly t.aken 
sides with those favoring the abolition of slavery, and aided 
in founding the Anti-slavery .Society, he was one of the 
sufferers by a mob, which attacked and sacked his church 
and house. He was successively an ardent advocate of 
abolition, temperance, colonization. New School Presbyte- 
rianism, and the aims and measures of the Evangelical 
Alliance. He \von high rai^lc as a writer and preacher, 



290 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 



and lias been frequently a delegate to the religious anniver- 
saries held in London, England. Among his more notable 
works are "Quakerism not Christianity," and "Interviews, 
Memorable and Useful, from the Diary of Memory," New 
York, 1S53. In all measures pertaining to political move- 
ments, in the South and North, as related to the slaveiy 
question, he was an unflinching and eloquent partisan of 
freedom ; and was a prime mover in many important steps 
taken to remove from his country its chief disgrace and 
blemish. The well-known Bishop A. C. Coxe is his son. 



toMAYNE, NICHOLAS, M. D., Lecturer on An- 
atomy and Medicine, lale of New York city, was 
born in Hackensack, New Jersey, in September, 
1756. He studied under Dr. Peter Wilson, and 
completed his medical education at Edinburgh, 
where he published a dissertation " De Genera- 
tione Piiris." lie subsequently spent two years in Paris, 
and also visited Leyden, returni.ig about the year 17S2 to 
New York, where he commenced his professional career, 
lie gave private lectures on anatomy, and taught many 
professional branches with iem.arkable success. Upon re- 
luKini^hing his labors in this direction he again visited 
Europe. Later, on account of his connection with the 
scheme of Blount's conspiracy, he was incarcerated for 
some time. lie was first President of the New York Medi- 
cal Society, in 1806; and in 1S07 was made first President 
of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, which he had 
been instrumental in founding. In that institution he gave 
instruction in anatomy .and the institutes of medicine. He 
died in New York city, July 21st, 1S17. 



ACCLINTOCK, REV. JOHN, D. D., LL. D., 
Clergyman, Author, late of Madison, New Jersey, 
was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1S14, 
and graduated from the University of Pennsyl- 
vania in 1835. He subsequently became a mem- 
ber of the New Jersey Conference, and after being 
a short time in the Methodist ministry was, in 1837, elected 
Professor of Mathematics in Dickinson College, but in 1839 
was transferred to the chair of Ancient Languages. \Vliile 
residing at Carlisle he made a translation, in co-operation 
with Blumenthal, of Neander's " Life of Christ; " and with 
Professor Crooks began the preparation for publication of a 
series of Greek and Latin text-books. From 1848 to 1S56 
he filled the position of editor of the Mcllwdist Quarterly 
/vVi'/tW, and later was appointed a delegate of his church to 
the English, Irish, French and German Conferences. He 
was also present at the World's Convention at Berlin, in 
1856. On his return from Europe he was elected President 



of the Troy Union, and was during a brief period pastor of 
St. Paul's Church, New York. In June, i860, he sailed 
for Europe again, and took up his residence in Paris, 
France, in order to take charge of the American chapel es- 
tablished in that city. From its organization, in 1S67, until 
the time of his decease he was President of the Drew Theo- 
logical Seminaiy, in Madison, New Jersey. For several 
years, in connection with Dr. Strong, he was occupied in 
prep.iring the "Cyclopaedia of Sacred Literature," three or 
more volumes of which have been completed and pub- 
lished. He published also "Analysis of Watson's Theo- 
logical Institutes;" " Temporal Power of the Pope; " and 
"Sketches of Eminent Methodist Ministers," Svo., 1854. 
In 1855 he edited and pulilished " Bungener's History of 
the Council of Trent." He died at Madison, New Jersey, 
March 4th, 1870. 



9^ 



ELSE, HON. FREDERICK II., was born Octo- 
ber 2Ist, 1S23, in the city of Newark. He grad- 
uated at Princeton College with the class of 1S43, 
and immediately began preparation for the New 
Jersey bar, to which he was admitted in 1S46; 
he was made Counsellor in 1840. In i860 he 
was elected by the Democrats to the New Jersey Legisla- 
ture, and was re-elected in 1861. During his second term 
he served as Speaker, and m.ade an excellent presiding offi- 
cer. In 1S64 he was appointed Presiding Judge of the 
Court of Common Pleas of Essex county, and was reap- 
pointed in 1869; he resigned in 1S72, and resumed his law 
practice. In the campaign of 1S74 he was nominated by 
the Democrats as their candidate for Congress, and, al- 
though the district {Essex county) had two years previously 
given a Republican majority of nearly six thousand, he was 
i;lected. 



[ ADAL, REV. BERNARD H., D. D., LL. D., 

Methodist Clergyman, Scholar and Author, late 
of Madison, New Jersey, was born in Maryland, 
m 1815, and was graduated from the Dickinson 
College. Joining the Baltimore Conference in 
1835, he preached in Maryland, Virginia and 
Delaware; afterward in Washington, Philadelphia, Brook- 
lyn and New Haven. About 1850 he became a Professor 
in the Asbury, Indiana, University; was for one session 
Chaplain of Congress ; and on the organization of the Drew 
Theological Seminary became Professor of Church His- 
tory, and on the death of Dr. McClinlock, acting President. 
While a resident of Indiana he published essays on " Church 
History" in the Mclliodist Quarterly Eroiew, which marked 
him as one of the ablest writers of his denomination. He 
was a forcible writer, and a chief contributor to The Meth- 
odist. He died a't Madison, New Jersey, June 20th, 1870. 



/ 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 



PGAR, ELLIS A., SuperinleiKlent of Public In- 
struction for the State of New Jersey, son of 
David and Hannah (Whitehead) Apgar, his 
father of German, his mother of English descent, 
was born at Peapack, Somerset county. New Jer- 
sey, March 20th, 1S36. Receiving his prepara- 
tory education at the district schools of Somerset county, he 
entered the State Normal School at Trenton in 1S54, and 
graduated thence in 1S57. For several years he was 
engaged as a teacher in various public schools in different 
parts of the State, and then entered Rutgers College. In 
1S66 he graduated from this institution, taking the prize for 
mathematics. Previous to his graduation he was elected 
Professor of Mathematics in Ihe State Normal School, a 
position that he held concurrently with and subsequent to 
liis course at Rutgers. In 1S66, under an act of the New 
Jersey Legislature, a State Board of Education had been 
created, and at the first meeting of this Board, held March 
2)th, 1S66, he was elected State Superintendent of Public 
Instruction. To this office he has since been continuously 
r_--elected. Shortly after he had entered upon the discharge 
of his duties, he became impressed by the necessity for a 
change in the method then existing for the supervision of 
the public schools, and his first work was to frame a bill, 
subsequently passed by the Legislature, which provided for 
the creation of county superintendents and examiners, thus 
making a radical change in the organization of the depart- 
ment of public instruction. His reforms, from this time 
onward, were constant. In his annual report for 1S63 hi 
urged that a tax should be levied sufficient to make all pub 
lie schools in the State free; and this demand was practi 
cally acceded to in 1871, when an act, which he himself 
framed, making the public schools free during nine months 
in each year, was passed by the Legislature. By his ener- 
getic efforts, supported as they have been by the State Board 
of Education and by enlightened citizens in all portions of 
the State, the school system of New Jersey has been raised 
to an equality with the best in the country; and during the 
ten years ending with the year 1S76 the value of school 
property in the State has increased from ;?i,645,ooo to 
{6,205,000— a gain of {4,560,000. At the Centennial Ex- 
hibition a fit opportunity was afforded for making a display 
of this very remarkable and gratifying progress, and apply- 
ing himself with characteristic zeal to collecting the neces- 
sary material, the New Jersey section was one of the most 
brilliant in the Department of Instruction. The following 
table of totals, from his report upon the New Jersey exhibit, 
best presents his success upon this particular occasion, and 
IS also an effective summing up of the almost unexampled 
results of his years of earnest, well-directed labor: number 
of colleges represented, 2; number of private schools repre- 
sented, 33; number of public ungraded schools represented, 
1,184; number of public graded schools represented, 230; 
number of high schools represented, S; number of public 
schools unrepresented, 120; total number of public schools 



291 

in the .St.ate, 1,542; number of public school teachers in the 
State, 2,Slo; number of public school teachers who fur- 
nished work, 2,690; percentage of school teachers who fur- 
nished work, 95 per cent.; number of puj.ils who furnished 
work, 14,000; number of specimens from public schools, 
16,150; number of specimens from colleges and private 
schools, 1,512; total number of specimens exhibited, 17,- 
662. In the above particular attention should be directed 
to the large percentage of tea.chers furnishing work, and to 
the great number of .specimens from all sources, as these 
figures are capital proof of how well he is in accord with 
the teachers and scholars under his control. The total per- 
centage of work exhibited, it should be stated, was greater 
in the New Jersey section than in the section of any other 
State represented in the Department of Instruction. His 
eminent success in massing and arranging the New Jersey 
exhibit has caused his appointment to the position of Su- 
perintendent of the Department of Education in the Perma- 
nent International Exhibition to be held in the Main Cen- 
tennial Building at Philadelphia. Notwithstanding the 
many and laborious duties connected with his official 
position, he has produced several valuable scholastic works, 
among which may be mentioned a system of map drawing 
now largely in use; a fine set of geographical wall maps" 
an excellent volume upon "Plant Analysis," and " A Brief 
History of New Jersey, for School Use "-the last named 
supplying a long felt want in the New Jersey schools, and 
lieing an example that promoters of education in other 
States would do well to follow. State history being a matter 
at present entirely too much neglected. He was married, 
December 25th, 1S67, to Camilla, daughter of Mr. Israel 
Swayze, of Hope, Warren county. New Jersey. 



ADDEN, HON. IIOSEA F., Merchant, .Ship- 
builder and State Senator of Tuckahoe, was born 
in Millville, Cumberland county. New Jersey, 
November 2d, 1S17. He is the son of Hosea 
Madden. His family are of English descent, but 
have lived in New Jersey for four generations. 
He received a good English education at the public schools 
of his native county, and, his school-days over, learned the 
art of glass-making. In 1844 he removed to Tuckahoe, 
Atlantic county, where he engaged in building vessels for 
the river and coasting trade, and in the general mercantile 
business — pursuits in which he speedily acquired a reputa- 
tion for integrity, faithfulness and administrative ability, lay- 
ing the foundations for the universal confidence and respect 
with which his fellow-citizens have long regarded him, 
and which they have repeatedly manifested by the public 
trusts they have conferred upon him. In 1S53 he was 
elected Sheriff of Atlantic county, holding the position for 
three years. He was a member of the Board of Chosen 
Freeholders of the county for nineteen years, during a con- 



292 



EIOGRArillCAL ENXYCLOP.EDIA. 



siderable part of which lime he was Director of the 
IJoard. At one time and another he has tilled all the prin- 
ciiial offices of his township. His popularity is solid, begin- 
ning at home in his town, and extending through his 
township and his county out into the commonwealth at 
large. This was shown at his more especial entrance into 
political life in 1S74, when he was nominated by the Dem- 
ocrats of Atlantic county for the office of State Senator and 
elected, although the county usually gave a Republican ma- 
jority of from three hundred to four hundred. As the 
Senatorial term lasts three years, he still holds the office of 
Senator, the duties of which he discharges with marked 
vigor, industry and thoroughness. lie is Chairman of the 
Committee on Engrossed Bills, of the Committee on Passed 
Bills, and of the Centennial Committee, and is, besides, a 
member of the Committee on the Slate Prison, of the Com- 
mittee on Railroads and Canals, and of other important 
committees. The estimation in which he is held by his 
colleagues may be inferred from the positions they have 
assigned him. Sound in his judgment, practical in his 
views, thoroughly investigating every measure upon which 
he is called to act, and fearless in going ahead when he 
is sure he is right, he is a careful and at the same time an 
independent legislator, and, consequently, a safe and wise 
one. Well does he merit the wide esteem he enjoys. He 
was married in 1842 to Catharine Birch, of Cumberland 
county, New Jersey. 



UXXELL, THOMAS C, Editor and Politician, 
Newton, Sussex county, New Jersey — son of 
David Bunnell, farmer, a descendant of William 
Bunnell, an English emigrant and settler in New 
Haven, Connecticut, in 1634, and, less remotely, 
of Solomon Bunnell, who migrated from New 
England and established the New Jersey branch of the fam- 
ily about the time of the French and Indian war — was born 
at Walpach, Sussex county, March 14th, 1S34. Having 
received a substantial common school education, he was for 
a time employed upon his father's farm. Agriculture, how- 
ever, was not to his taste, and his predilection for journalism 
■was early displayed in a series of ably written articles, 
mainly political, contributed to the county paper, the Siisscjr 
Herald. His writings having attracted a considerable 
amount of attention, he was ofifered, early in 1867, the posi- 
tion of local editor upon the paper, and this he held until 
August of the same year, when, in company with several 
other prominent Democrats, he became a part owner of the 
publication. The Herald is one of the oldest papers pub- 
lished in New Jersey, having been founded in 1829 by 
Grant Fitch, father of Charles W. Fitch, of Washington, 
District of Columbia. Selected by his associates in the 
purchase to be editor, Mr. Bunnell succeeded to the post so 
ably filled by the Hon. Henry C. Kelsey, who had relin- 



quished journalism in order to accept the position of Secre- 
tary of .Slate of New Jersey, and his management, notwith- 
standing Ins comparative freshness m the editorial harness, 
was of a character to gain the Herald increased respect and 
authority. He has since continued lo conduct the paper 
with marked ability, and it is now one of the leaders of 
political thought not only in Sussex county but throughout 
a large porlion of East Jersey. Naturally, he himself has 
taken a prominent part in local and -State politics, and has 
held a number of the higher local offices. He is at present 
Chairman of the Newton Town Council, having been elected 
by a handsome majority at the close of a spirited contest. 
In February of the present year (1S77) he was elected with- 
out opposiiion Engrossing Clerk of the State Senate. He 
was married, September I9lh, 1S57, to Mary A., daughter 
of Mr. Jonas Smith, of Sussex county. 



OMEYN, REV. THEODORE DIRCK, D. D., 
Clergyman, Professor of Theology in the Dutch 
Reformed Church, son of Nicholas Romeyn, 
brother of Rev. John Brodhead Romeyn, D. D., 
late of Schenectady, New Vork, was born at 
Hackensjck, New Jersey, January 23d, 1744. 
His early studies were directed by his brother, Rev. Thomas 
Romeyn, then a minister in Delaware. He graduated at 
Princeton in 1765; was ordained by the Ccetus over the 
Dutch Church in Ulster county. May 14th, 1766; and after- 
wards installed at Hackensack, New Jersey, where he 
remained until his removal to Schenectady, New Vork, in 
November, 1784. In 1797 he was appomted Professor of 
Theology in the Dutch Church. The establishment of the 
Union College at Schenectady is to be ascribed principally 
to his earnest and untiring labore and elTorts. He w.as 
twice ofifered the Presidency of Queen's College, New Jer- 
sey, but, after careful consideration, deem •• it fitting to 
decline on both occasions. His colleague, J . Mr. Meyer, 
represents him as " a son of thunder" in 1 „• pulpit. He 
was importantly instrumental, also, in promoting the inde- 
pendence of the Dutch churches, or their separation from 
the jurisdiction of Holland. He died at Schenectady, New 
York, April i6th, 1S04. 



'cPHERSON, HON. JOHN RHODERIC, United 
States Senator from New Jersey, Stock-raiser and 
Dealer, of Hudson City, was born. May 9th, 1833, 
in Livingston county. New York, and is a son of 
Daniel and Jane (Calder) McPherson, both also 
natives of New Vork State, and both of whom 
are of Scottish descent. He received his education at the 
Geneseo Academy. After leaving school he became 
enfaoed in farming and stock-raising, continuing in those 



EIOGRAnilCAL ENCVCLOP.CDIA. 



293 



avocations until he was twenty-five years of age. He then 
removed to New Jersey, and located at Hudson City, where 
he became interested in stock-dealing, and was also one of 
the proprietors of the stockyards in that city, which were 
constructed by him during 1S63 and 1S64. He was also the 
designer and constructer of the buildings used by the Cen- 
tral Stock-Yard and Transit Company at Harsimus Cove, 
New Jersey, and as such they have proved a grand success, 
and are believed to be the most perfect system of stock-yards 
now in e.\istence, while the abattoir is unrivalled. These 
cover an area of twenty-two acres, and are built entirely on 
piles, over fifteen thousand of these huge limbers being em- 
ployed. The tide water ebbs and flows daily over the 
entire space covered by the structure. It has a daily capac- 
ity for seven thousand head of cattle, with all the facilities 
for yarding, feeding, and watering the same. On the ex- 
treme end of the works, and fronting the Hudson river, the 
abattoir for slaughtering sheep and cattle is constructed, 
together with the chambers for the storage of live sheep. It 
has a storage capacity of twenty thousand sheep daily, and 
a daily slaughtering capacity often thousand sheep and two 
thousand cattle. At this institution all parts of the animal 
are utilized, so that no portion whatever is allowed to be 
wasted; and as evei-ylhing is manufactured while in a per- 
fectly fresh condillo(i, no offensive odor is emitted there- 
from. It must be remembered that this establishment is 
located in the very heart of the city, and in its daily opera- 
tion it may be considered a fair settlement of the question 
that stock-yards and abattoirs are not necessarily nuisances. 
There is .another feature of this gi-eat institution, and one that 
commends itself to public favor, which is the fact that no live- 
stock are permitted to pass through the streets of Jersey City 
or New York in their distribution from these yards, all being 
delivered by means of the boats of the company to the 
butchers in New York and Brooklyn. The company have 
also an extensive store-room and abattoir for hogs on the 
west bank of th<- Hackensack river, where all these animals 
are removet" n the cars, slaughtered, and the product 
sent to the doc of the company in cars provided for the 
purpose, as no li- e hogs are permitted to enter the institu- 
tion on the Hudson river, which measurably accounts for 
the entire absence of anything of an offensive nature. Mr. 
McPherson was also one of the originators and also one of 
the proprietors of the abattoir and stock-yards at West Phil- 
adelphia. He is at the present time the lessee of all the 
stock-yards on the Erie Railroad, located at Buffalo, Port 
Deposit, Oak Cliff, etc., and is the inventor of a new stock- 
car for feeding and watering cattle while in transit. This 
latter invention has proved a mo.t valuable one, and is 
being brought into use on a majority of the principal roads 
over which live-stock are transported. He has taken an 
active part in political matters, and is a Democrat in princi- 
ples. From 1S63 to 1S69 he served as a member of the 
Board of Aldermen of Hudson City, and was President of 
that body for the last four years of his connection with the 



Board. He was elected by the Democratic parly as .Senator 
from Hudson county, and served ii\ the sessions ol 1872-73 
and '74. During lli^, K-gislative career he took a decided stand 
against the railroad monopolies of the .Slate, and w.as a firm 
and unflinching advocate of the general railroad law, which 
was passed while he was a Senator. He served on vaiious 
important committees while a member of that body, among 
which were Municipal Corporations, Banks, Insurance and 
Commerce. In 1873 he was instrumental in obtaining the 
charter for the Central Stock-Yard and Transit Company, 
above described. He was one of the organizers and the 
first President of the People's Gas Light Company of Hud- 
son county, incorporated in 1S70. In January, 1877, he 
was elected to represent the State in the United States Sen- 
ate as the successor of Hon. Frederick T. Frelinghuysen. 
He was married, in 1S6S, to Ella J. Gregory, of Buffalo, 
New York. 



Stockton, rev. thomas hewlings, 

^ Clergyman, Editor, Author, late of Philadclpliia, 
Pennsylvania, was born at Mount Holly, New 
Jersey, June 4th, iSoS. He began to write for 
the press at the age of sixteen, and studied medi- 
cine in Philadelphia, but in May, 1S29, coni- 
preaching in connection with the Methodist 
Protestant Church. In 1830 he was stationed at Ballimore, 
and in 1S33 was elected Chaplain to Congress, and re-elected 
in 1S35 and 1S37. Subsequently until 1S3S he resided in 
Baltimore, Maryland, and in addition to discharging liis 
pastoral duties compiled the hymn-book of the Methodist 
Protestant Church, and was for a short time editor of the 
church newspaper, the Mclhodist Prolcstanl ; but, unwilling 
to submit to restrictions sought to be imposed upon him 
in its discussion of slavery by the Baltimore Conference,. he 
resigned his position and removed to Philadelphia, Penn- 
sylvania, where he remained till 1847, as pastor and public 
lecturer. He then settled in Cincinnati, Ohio, and while 
residing there was elected President of Miami University, 
but declined ; and in 1S50 returned to Ballimore, where he 
was for five years associate pastor of St. John's Methodist 
Church, and for three years and six months temporary pastor 
of an Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church. From 1856 
to 1 868 he was pastor of the Church of the New Testament, 
and also performed much literary labor. He had a high 
reputation for eloquence, and edited with marked ability 
the Christian World and Bible Times. He was in the 
van in all forms of social progress, and an intrepid pio- 
neer in the anti-slavery party; was ardently opposed to all 
forms of ultra sectarianism, and by voice and pen sought 
the promotion of Christian brotheihood and union. Me- 
moirs of him have been published by Rev. Alexander 
Clark and Rev. John G. Wilson. He was again Chaplain 
to the United Slates House of Representatives in 1859-1S61 ; 



294 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 



and in the following year filled the Chaplaincy of the 
t'nited States Senate. He published an edition of the 
New Testament in paragraph form ; many pamphlets, ser- 
mons and addresses; "Floating Flowers from a Hidden 
Brook," 1844; "The Bible Alliance," 1850; "Sermons 
for the People," 1S54; "The Bles-iing,'' 1S57; "Stand up 
for Jesus," 1858; " Poems, -with Autobiographic and other 
Notes," 1862; "The Peerless Magnificence of the Word 
of God," 1862; and "The Meditation of Christ." He 
died in Philadelphia, October 9th, lS!J8. 



UCE, HON. RODM.\N M., ex-Governor of New 
Jersey, was born in Sussex county. New Jersey, 
November 5th, 1S16, and studied at the New 
Jersey College — protracted illness preventing his 
graduation, however, from that institution. He 
afterward pursued a course of legal studies; in 
1840 w.as appointed Purser in the navy; is said to have 
been the first person to exercise judicial functions under the 
American flag, on the Pacific coast, as alc.ilde ; was made 
Navy Agent there in 1S4S; from 1S51 to 1853, after his re- 
tarn to the East, served as a member of Congress from his 
native State; and in 1861 was an influential delegate to the 
Peace Congress. He caused the establishment in New 
Jersey of a normal school, and was waniily and generously 
interested in the development of the State militia system. 



V 



"LARK, J. HENRY, M. D., Physician and Author, 
late of Montclair, New Jersey, was born in Liv- 
ingston, New Jersey, June 23d, 1S14, .ind gradu- 
ated from the University of New York in 1841. 
He then entered upon a course of medical studies 
in New York and Europe, and finally established 
himself in the practice of his profession at Newark, about 
1846, there gaining speedily a high reputation as a scholar 
and physician. For several years he officiated as President 
of the Essex County Medical Society. His " Sight and 
Hearing" was published in 1856; and was followed in 
1861 by "The Medical Topography of Newark and its 
Vicinity." He died at Montclair, New Jersey, March 6th 



ing school, and in 1796 was chosen presiding Professor of 
llie infant University of North Carolina, also performing the 
duties of Mathematical Professor. September 22d, 1796, 
he was licensed to preach. In 1804 a presidency was 
created, to which he was chosen, and which was held by 
him until the period of his decease. Upon his election to 
this oflice he vacated the Mathematical chair for that of 
Moral Philosophy. In 1S24 he visited Europe in order to 
direct in person the construction of a valuable philosophical 
apparatus, and also to m.ake a selection of needed books for 
the libraiy. "To him North Carolina is indebted for 
various internal improvements of his suggesting, as well as 
to his services in the cause of education." In 1822 he pub- 
lished a "Treatise on Geometry," and in 1825 the " Letters 
of Carlton." He died at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 
January 24th, 1S35. 

/ "^^ 

IXON, JOSEPH, Inventor, late of Jersey City, 
New Jersey, before he had attained his twenty- 
first year, made a machine to cut files, and in 
various ways exhibited unusual skill and talent 
as a practical artisan. He afterward learned the 
printer's trade, that of wood engraving, then 
lithography, and ultimately became a thorough chemist, 
optician, and photographer. He was probably the first per- 
son to take a portrait by the camera, and first used the 
reflector, so that Ihe object should not appear reversed. 
He built the first locomotive with wooden wheels, but with 
the same double-crank which is now in common use. He 
originated the process of photo-lithography ; and to guard 
against abuses of this process invented the system of printing 
in colors on bank-notes, and patented it, but never received 
any benefit from his idea, all the banks having used it with- 
out pay. He perfected the system of making collodion for 
the photographers, and aided Mr. Harrian ni Ihe mode of 
grinding lenses for common tubes. He is the father of the 
steel-melting business in this country; is widely known as 
the originator of the plumbago crucible as now made; and 
his establishment in Jei-sey City is the largest of the kind in 
the world. The versatility of his mechanical genius, aided 
by unflagging energy and an intelligent appreciation of the 
pressing needs of the general community, has produced no- 
table and welcome results. He died in Jersey City, New 
Jersey, June 14th, 1869, aged seventy-one years. 



'ALD\VELL, REV. JOSEPH, D. D., Scientist, 
Author, Professor of Mathematics, late of Chapel 
Hill, North Carolina, was born in Leamington, 
New Jersey, April 21st, 1773. In his youth, 
while at school, he exhibited a noteworthy fond- 
ness for mathematical science, and won distinc- 
tion as a diligent and talented student. He afierward 
studied for the ministry, was eng.aged for a time in teach- 



IMPSON, JAMES II., Brigadier-General, Colonel 
of Engineers United States Army, and Author, 
of New Jersey, was born in that State, about 
1S12, and graduated from the Academy at AVest 
Point in 1S32. In 1848 he secured at the New 
Jersey College the degree of A. M. Entering 
the 3d Artillery, he was appointed Aid to General Eustis, 




"^^ * bj- -\v- G. Jijc>„a3i 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 



29s 



ill the Florida war of 1S37-3S. He siibsequentry attained 
llie following positions: July 7th, 183S, First Lieutenant 
of the Topographical Engineers; March 3d, 1853, Captain; 
March 3d, 1863, Major in the Engineering Corps; June, of 
the same year, Lieutenant-Colonel; March 7th, 1867, 
Colonel, having previously accepted, August I2lh, 1S61, a 
Colonelcy in the 4th Regiment of New Jersey Volunteers. 
He took an active part in the peninsular campaign ; was en- 
gaged at \Yest Point and Gaines' Mills, where he was cap- 
tured, June 27th, 1S62 ; from August, 1862, to June, 1S65, 
was Chief- Engineer of the Department of the Ohio; and 
March 13th, 1865, was made Brevet Brigadier-General of 
the United States Army. He published " Journal of a 
Military Reconnoissance fiom Santa Fe to the Navajo 
Country, in 1S49," Svo., 1852 ; "Shortest Route to Cali- 
fornia," Svo., 1S69; "Report on the Union Pacific Rail- 
road and Branches," 8vo., 1S65. His gallantry in time of 
action, always characterized by a comprehensive shrewd- 
ness which enabled him to take advantage of every passing 
circumstance, and his skill and attainments in the art of 
engineering, contributed to make him a reliable leader in 
the field and a valuable assistant in general military opera- 
tions. 



jREENWOOD, MILES, Manufacturer, of Ohio, 

was born in Jersey City, New Jersey, March 19th, 

(611 I 1S07. In 1S17 he removed to the West with his 

^^^ father, and settled finally near Cincinnati, Ohio- 
(f-+ J- . . 

e)^V.'i In 1S32 he commenced, on the Miami canal, the 

Eagle Iron Works, which speedily became the 
most extensive manufactory in the West. In 1846 it was 
destroyed by fire, but was soon after entirely rebuilt. He 
was one of the originators of the Ohio Mechanics' Institute, 
and an active worker in all that related to its interests and 
development, contributing largely toward defraying the ex- 
penses attending the erection of their present handsome 
building. He was also mainly instrumental in introducing 
steam fire-engines, fully appreciating their importance as 
safeguards of large and crowded cities. 



G^-^UMMINGS, REV. MOSES, Minister, Editor of 

(^ I I ''^^ C/iiis/ian Messenger and the rnllndium, late 

Vl I of New York city, was born at Haverhill, Massa- 

vS^4*' chuselts, and entered the ministry at eighteen 

Oy^ years of age. His initial fields of labor were 

throughout New Jersey and New York, and in 

both States he was famed for his ardor, his energy, and his 

many good works. In 1854 he assumed editorial charge of 

the central denominational organs, the Chiistiait Messenger 

and the Pallndinvi, resigning his position in the spring of 

1S62. He was a determined opponent of slavery, and while 



deprecating the action of the .Southern branch of the church 
in 1853, was firmly opposed to all compromise or fellowship 
with slaveholders. As a friend and admirer of Horace 
Mann, he took the warmest interest in his peculiar educa- 
tional views, and, during Mr. Mann's presidency of An- 
tioch College, his measures were steadfastly defended and 
supported by the denominational organs. He died in New 
York city, January 6th, 1867, aged lifty-one years. 



1 1^ RMSTRONG, REV. WILLIAM JESSUP, D. D., 
Secretaiy of the American Board of Foreign 
Missions, late of New York, was born at Mend- 
ham, New Jersey, October 2gth, 1796. His degree 
of A. M. he received from the New Jersey Col- 
lege in 1S16, and that of D. D. in 1840. Under 
the careful guidance of his father. Rev. Dr. A. Armstrong, 
he acquired his preliminary education, and also, in all prob- 
ability, the bias which afterward exercised so important an 
influence on his life and career. After three years of theo- 
logical study he was sent to Albemarle county, Virginia, as 
a missionary. Subsequently he officiated for three years as 
pastor of a church in Trenton, New Jersey. From 1S24 to 
1S34 he filled the pastorate of the First Presbyterian Church 
in Richmond, Virginia, and in the course of the latter year 
was appointed Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of 
Foreign Missions for Virginia and North Carolina; at the 
same time he was given the appointment of General Agent 
of the American Board of Missions for these States. In the 
following September he was appointed successor to Rev. 
Dr. Wisner, Secretary of the American Board. In April, 
1838, after a residence of two years and a half at Boston, he 
removed lo New York. A memoir of his life, with a collec- 
tion of his sermons, well-digested and ably-written produc- 
tions, edited by Rev. Ilollis Read, was published in New 
York in 1853, and in it is given an interesting account of 
his useful and varied career. He was drowned in the 
memorable wreck of the steamer "Atlantic," November 
27ih, 1846. 



NDERSON, JOSEPH, Judge, Statesman and 
Revolutionary Soldier, late of Washington, Dis- 
trict of Columbia, was born in New Jersey, No- 
vember 5th, 1757. In his youth he received a 
good education, and at the completion of his 
preparatory studies turned his attention to the 
theory and practice of law. In 1775 he was appointed an 
ensign in the New Jersey Line, and fought at Monmouth 
as a Captain. In 1779 he look an active part in the expedi- 
tion of Sullivan against the Six Nations, in 1780 was at 
Valley Forge, and in the following year was a participant 
at the siege of York. After the termination of the contest 



296 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENXYCLOP.IJDIA. 



with Great Britain, he received the brevet of Major, for 
gallant and meritorious conduct on the field. He then en- 
tered upon the practice of his profession in Delaware, and 
in 1791 was appointed, by Washington, Judge of the terri- 
tory south of the Ohio river. In this position he remained 
until the formation of the constitution of Tennessee, in which 
he assisted in a manner that won him warm commendations 
from the highest quarters. From 1797 to 181 5 he was an 
influential member of the United States Senate from Ten- 
nessee, serving upon many important committees, and acting 
on two occasions as President pro lem. of the Senate. From 
1815 to 1836 he was First Comptroller of the United States 
Treasury. As a statesman and political leader he was re- 
markably shrewd and far-seeing ; and the various measures 
promulgated or supported by him at sundry crises in the 
development of his section, stand as eloquent witnesses to 
his abilities. He died at Washington, District of Columbia, 
April 17th, 1S37. 



;OLLOCK, REV. HENRY D., D. D., Clergyman, 
late of Savannah, Georgia, was bom in New 
Providence, New Jersey, December 14th, 177S, 
and graduated from the New Jersey College in 
1794, where he subsequently acted as tutor from 
1797 to 1800. May 7th of the latter year he was 
licensed to preach, and in the following December became 
pastor of a church at Elizabethtown, New Jersey. In De- 
cember, 1S03, he was appointed Professor of Divinity at 
New Jersey College. From 1S06 till the time of his 
death he officiated as Pastor of the Independent Presby- 
terian Church, at S.avannah, Georgia. As a preacher he 
had a brilliant reputation, and was widely esteemed for his 
many excellent qualities of mind and heart. He received 
the degree of D. D. from Harvard University in 1806. In 
1S22 his sermons were published in four volumes, 8vo., at 
Savannah, with a memoir liy his brother, .S. K. Kollock. 
Ho died at S.ivannah, Georgia, December 29th, 1819. 



^^)INDSLEY, REV. PHIEIP, D. D., Educator, Pro- 
t^fJ 4 fessor of Archa;ology and Church Polity, and of 
.r JL3 Languages, late of Nashville, Tennessee, w.as 
/ t^ born in Jilonistown, New Jersey, December 21st, 
\^ 1786, and graduated from the New Jersey Col- 
lege in 1804. April 24th, 1810, he was licensed 
to preach, and in 1S07-8-9 and '12 was tutor at Prince- 
ton College. In 1813 he became Professor of Languages 
in that institu'ion, in 1817 was made Vice-President, and 
in 1S23 was chosen President, but declined the proffered 
honor. Ill December, 1824, he accepted the thrice-tendered 
Presidency of the University of Nashville, and "through 
his efforts, the standard of education was raised to a level 
with that of the oldest and best-endowed colleges of the 






Atlantic States." In October, 1850, he resigned this office, 
and during the last four years of his life resided at New 
Albany, Indiana, two years of that time being spent as Pro- 
fessor of Archaeology and Church Polity in the theological 
seminary there. Such was his reputation that, between 
820 and 1839, he was at different times offered the presi- 
dencyof ten different colleges and institutes of learning. In 
May, 1834, he was elected Moderator of the General As- 
sembly of the Presbyterian Church, then in session at Phil.i- 
delphia, Pennsylvania. His works, edited by L, I. Halsey, 
D. D., a well-known and talented clergyman, were pub- 
lished in Philadelphia, three volumes, Svo., and have de- 
servedly been called a well of desir.able knowledge and true 
learning. The degree of D. D. was conferred on him by 
Dickinson College in 1828. He died at Nashville, Ten- 
nessee, May 25th, 1855. 



U-^/Tv-oLLOCK, SHEPHERD, Revolutionary Officer, 
Editor, Judge, Late of Philadelphia, Pennsylva- 
nia, was born in Lewiston, Delaware, in I75°' 
At the outbreak of the struggle with Great 
Britain he was commissioned a Lieutenant, and 
was an active participant at the battles of Trenton, 
Fort Lee, Short Hills, and other places of minor importance. 
In 1779 he resigned his position in the army and established 
a newspaper, the Ktiu Jersey Journal^ at the village of 
Chatham. In 1783 he removed his press to the city of New 
York, and there established the A'ew York Gazetteer. He 
afterwards, in 17S7, removed to Elizabethtown, New Jersey, 
and revived the Ke-.v Jersey Journal, which he edited for 
more than thirty-one years. The office of Judge of Com- 
mon Pleas he held for about ihirty-five years, and acted as 
Postmaster at Elizabethtown until 1829. He died at Phila- 
delphia, Pennsylvania, July 28th, 1839. 



NOWLTON, MINER, Soldier and Author, late 
of Burlington, New Jersey, was born in Con- 
necticut in 1804, and graduated at West Point in 
1829. Entering the Ist United States Artilleiy. 
he became First Lieutenant July 23d, 1 835; 
April 2lst, 1846, w.as promoted to a Captaincy, 
and October 26th, 186 1, retired from the service. In the 
years 1830-31-32-33 he was Assistant Professor of Mathe- 
matics at West Point; from 1833 to 1837 acted in the ca- 
pacity of Assistant Teacher of French; and from 183710 
1844 was Instructor of Artillery and Cavalry. He was one 
of the compilers of " Instruction for Field Artillery," 
adopted March 6th, 1845, for the United States army; was 
Aide-decamp to Marshal Bugeaud in Algeria in 1845, 
and in the ensuing year served efficiently on the Rio Grande 



BIOGRAPHICAL EXCVCLOP.-EDIA. 



297 



(s>^ 



during the Mexican war. He was tlie author of " Notes on 
Gunpowder, Cannon and Projectiles," published in 1S40; 
and " Instructions and Regulations for Militia and Volun- 
teers of the United .States," in 1861. Also, in 1857, he was 
President of the Common Council in Burlington, New Jersey. 
He died at Burlington, New Jersey, December 25th, 1S70. 



'OOKE, EDWIN T., Brevet Brigadier-General of 
■^111 United States Volunteers, Secretary of Legation 
Vl I 1 to Chili, late of Santiago, Chili, was a native of 
New Jersey, and entered the United States service 
at the commencement of the war, in 1861, as a 
Captain in the 2d New York Light Cavalry. By 
distinguished gallantry he rose to the command of his regi- 
ment, and ultimately to the post of Chief of Stafif in General 
Kilpatrick's Cavalry Division. In 1S63 he was associated 
with Colonel Dahlgren in command of the force which was 
sent to enter Richmond from the south, and had his horse 
killed under him by the same volley which terminated 
Dahlgren's life. Being taken prisoner, he was confined for 
several months in one of the gloomy underground cells of 
Libby Prison, where deprivation of proper food, light and 
warmth, completely shattered a once vigorous and powerful 
constitution. From Libby Prison he was transferred to 
other places of detention in various parts of South Carolina 
and Georgia. Finally, after a terrible experience of 
eighteen months as a prisoner in rebel hands, he obtained 
his liberty and returned home, utterly lacking the health and 
strength with which he had set out to assist in upholding 
the cause of the Union. He then accepted the position of 
Secretary to the Chilian Legation, hoping that the salu- 
brious climate of that country might restore his impaired 
energies. The hope proved delusive, however, and he sank 
gradually into an incurable decline. After a year of con- 
stant illness and growing debility, he died at Santiago, 
August 6th, 1867. 



■UNROE, JOHN, Brevet Colonel United States 
Army, late of New Brunswick, New Jersey, was 
born in Scotland, and graduated from the acad- 
emy at West Point in 1814. Entering the artil- 
lery branch of the service, he became Captain 
March 2d, 1825, and Brevet Major, for gallantry 
displayed in the campaigns against the hostile Indians of 
Florida, February 15th, 1838. August l8th, 1846, he was 
promoted to the rank of Major of the 2d Artillery, having, 
in July of the same year, served as Chief of Artillery to 
General Taylor. February 23d, 1847, for efficient service 
performed at Buena Vista, Mexico, he was brevelted Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel, and Brevet Colonel after the battle of Mon- 
terey, Mexico, in the following May. In 1S49 and 1S50 
3S 



•^ 



he presided as Military and Civil Governor of New Mexico, 
filling that responsible ofiice in an able and creditable man- 
ner; and November nth, 1856, was made Lieutenant- 
Colonel of the 4th United Slates Artillery. 



fllAMBERLIN, OCTAVIUS P., Lawyer, of Fltm- 
ington, was born in Delaware township, Hunter- 
don county. New Jersey, in 1832. He is the son 
of Mr. A. Chamberlin, a farmer of that county, 
who formerly held the sherifialty, and other im- 
portant public trusts. He spent the greater part 
of his youth on his father's farm, attcndin;; the neighboring 
schools as occasion offered, but on the whole with such 
good result that he was able in 1855 to enter the University 
at Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, from which he graduated in 
1859. Immediately after graduating he began the study of 
the law under George A. Allen, at Flemnigton, New Jersey, 
and was admitted to the bar in 1864, forthwith beginning a 
practice which has grown steadily larger and more lucrative 
to the present time. In 1872 he was appointed by Governor 
Parker, Prosecutor of the Pleas for Hunterdon county, an 
office which he still fills. He enjoys a reputation, in the 
profession and out of it, for solid ability and unspotted in- 
tegrity. Every interest and every trust confided to him is 
certain to be guarded with unfailing skill and scrupulous 
fidelity. He is a forcible and persuasive advocate, as well 
as a patient and sagacious counsellor and a faithful attorney. 
In politics he is a Democrat, and warmly attached to the 
principles and traditions of his party. He belongs, in fact, 
to that class of stout-hearted and strong-headed lawyers, to 
which civil freedom in all countries and ages has been so 
largely indebted. 



'bASTON, HUGH AL, Lawyer, of Somerville, was 
born at Basking Ridge, Somerset county. New Jer- 
sey, September 29th, 1S19. He is the son of 
William B. Gaston, a merchant of Basking Ridge, 
the family, settled in New Jersey for the last cen- 
tury and a half, being of Huguenot descent. He 
was educated at the Somerville Academy, read law with the 
Hon. George H. Brown, of Somerville, and was admitted 
to the bar in 1844, at once opening an office in Somerville, 
and entering upon the practice of his profession. He was 
soon recognized as a man of sterling ability as well as of 
unyielding integrity, and consequently of high promise in the 
profession, the result being that his practice grew with rapidity 
unt'l it comprehended more or less directly nearly every 
important case in the rich and populous region in which he 
lives, a clientage to which years have certainly brought no 
shrinkage, but rather new grow'lh and more assured steadi- 
ness. The promise discerned in him at the outset of his 
professional career he has fully redeemed. He stands to- 



298 



BIOGRAPllirAL ENXVCLOr.EDlA. 



day among the acknowledged leaders of the bar, not more 
sought and trusted by clients than admired and respected by 
associates, one characteristic of his practice having always 
been a zealous regard for the honor and dignity of the pro 
fession, sharp practice being in his estimation the equivalent 
of dishonorable practice, befitting perhaps a sharper, but not 
a lawyer worthy of the name. His professional standard, 
TiUe his personal standard, has been high, and the verdict 
of his fellow-citizens, m and out of the profession, is that he 
has nobly lived up to both. For a number of years, it may 
be stated here, he was Prosecutor of the Pleas for St mersei 
county. In politics he was a Whig as long as the Whig 
party existed ; but when it passed away he joined the Re 
publican party, to which he has ever since adhered wuh 
zealous and unflinching fidelity. It of course was not to be 
expected that the temptations of political life would pass by 
such a man witlTout assailing him, and it was almost as 
little to be expected that he would turn away from even the 
fairest and most honorable of them , but, though he con- 
sented to be a candidate for the office of Presidential Elec- 
tor in 1S72, he refused to stand for the State Senate, de- 
clining not the oflfer of the nomination merely, but the 
nomination itself, and, having thus resisted the tempter, has 
since been free from his importunities, agreeably to the as- 
surance of the .Apostle James. He finds in his profession 
his true sphere of action, and is content, as well he may be, 
with its honors and emoluments, not to say Us labors, which 
surely are multiplied and various enough. In addition to 
his ordinary practice, now very extended and important, he 
is attorney for several of the leading corporations in his sec- 
tion of the Stale, including the First National Bank of 
Somerville and the Easton & Ambiy Railroad. He is, 
however, emphatically a worker, sparing no pains in pre- 
paring his cases, and no zeal or vigor in presenting them. 
It would have been strange if such energies, guided by such 
abilities, had not been crowned with success. In 1862 he 
formed a partnership with James Beyen, which still subsists, 
the firm-name being Gaston & Beyen. He was married, in 
1849, to Frances M. Prevost. 



I ILKINSON, JAMES, M. D., of Bergen, Jersey 
City, was born, April 27th, 1837, at Accrington, 
England, and is the son of John and Elizabeth 
(Hayes) Wilkinson. Brought to the United 
States in infancy, he was reared and educated by 
his uncle at New Brighton, Staten Island, New 
York. His education was received chiefly at private 
schools, more particularly at the boarding school of Rev. 
Thomas Towel, at Clifton, Staten Island, and at the cele- 
brated Classical Institute of Solomon Jenner {so well known 
to old New Yorkers), in Henry street. New York city. His 
classical education was finished at the University of the City 
of New York. On the completion of his literary course he 



went abroad, making the tour of Europe, and on his return 
he entered the office of Professor James R. Wood, with 
whom he remained three years, a diligent and painstaking 
student. He matriculated at the College of Physici.ans 
and Surgeons, New York, in 1855, and graduated in the 
tall of 1S58 from the above mentioned college. He at once 
entered upon the practice of his profession at Bergen, New 
Jersey, where he has ever since resided, and where he has 
been constantly engaged in the control and exercise of a 
very extensive and lucrative practice. Dr. Wilkinson has 
devoted his life exclusively to his professional business, and 
has had at all times a large and remunerative practice. His 
labors have been untiring; he has never allowed himself to 
be restrained by heat or cold, darkness or storms. To this 
persistency has he owed mainly the success of his life, and 
he has prospered in the world, and has deserved to do so. 
In i860 he married Lizzie Y. Burton, of Staten Island. 
In 1S75, the doctor's health becoming somewhat impaired 
by the incessant strain of the ceaseless routine of prol'es- 
sional life, he visited Europe, and returned in full, vigorous 
health to his accustomed duties. ¥e\v have brought such 
indomitable zeal and perseverance to the practice of medi- 
cine, and few have reaped the rewards of their labors so 
generously as the subject of this sketch. 



SBORNE, REV. ETHAN, Presbyterian Minister, 
Revolutionary Soldier, late of Fairfield, New Jer- 
sey, was born in Litchfield, Connecticut, August 
2 1st, 1758. At the age of seventeen he volun- 
teered as a soldier in the revolutionary army, 
. served in the campaign of 1776, and was in the 
retreat through New Jersey. While in his twenty-seventh 
year he was licensed as a minister, and from December, 
1789, to 1S44, was settled at the Old Stone Church, Fair- 
field, New Jersey. He died at Fairfield, New Jersey, May 
1st, 185S. 



INES, REV. ENOCH COBB, D. D. (Middletown, 
1853), LL. D. (Washington College, 1859), Edu- 
cator, Scholar, Author, of New Jersey, was born 
in Hanover, New Jersey, February 17th, 1S06, 
and was graduated from the Middletown College 
^ in 1827. Upon the completion of a preliminary 
course of studies, he became Principal of an. academy at St. 
Albans, and afterward assistant teacher in a female semi- 
nary at Alexandria, Virginia, subsequently opening and pre- 
siding over a school in Washington City. In 1829 he was 
employed in teaching on board the "Constellation," in 
which vessel he visited the Mediterranean. In 1S33 he 
took charge of the Edgehill school, Princeton, New Jersey, 
in 1838 became Professor of Languages in the Central High 
School, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and in 1844 founded 





^^^^2^^ v^^w^^^r^?^ 0' 



CIOGRAnnCAL ENCYCLOPEDIA. 



299 



a boanling-school at Burlington, New Jersey, where he 
conliimed engaged in professional labors during the ensu- 
ing four years. In January, 1849, he was licensed to 
preach by the Congregational Board of Rhode Island, and 
has since preached in various places on the eastern coast 
and elsewhere. In 1853 he was appointed Professor in 
Washington College, Pennsylvania; and in July, 1S59, took 
charge of a literary institution styled the " City University 
of St. Louis." He has latterly been engaged in the mission 
for an organization of an International Prison Congress. 
He has published, "Two Years and a Half in the Amer- 
ican N.avy," 2 vols., 1832; " Hints on a System of Popular 
Education," 1S37; "How Shall I Govern My School ? " 
1838; "Commentaries on the Laws of the Ancient He- 
brews;" "A Trip to Boston," 1838; "A Trip to China," 
8vo. ; "Monthly Journal of Education;" "Essay on the 
Advantages of Studying the Classic Languages;" "Lec- 
ture on Education as a Source of Wealth ; " " Treatise on 
Regeneration," 1S63; " Ess.ay on Temptation," 1S65; and 
"Promises of God," 1868. He has also contributed fre- 
quently to the various religious and literary periodicals of 
the day ; and has written several excellent essays and ad- 
dresses, which have been published in the current journals, 
or in pamphlet form. 

GARDNER, COLONEL CHARLES K., United 
States Army, Editor, late of Washington, District 
of Columbia, was born in Morris county. New 
Jereey, in 1787, and May 3d, 1808, became Ensign 
in the 6th Infantry. He then occupied success- 
ively the following ranks and positions: Captain, 
3d Artillery, July, 181 2; Brigadier-Major to General 
Armstrong, August 4lh, 1812; Assistant Adjutant-General, 
March iSth, 1S13; M.ajcr, 251h Infantry, June 26th, 1S13; 
Adjutant-General, April 12th, 1814; Brevet Lieutenant- 
Colonel, for distinguished services, February 5th, 1815; 
Major, 3d Infantry, and Adjutant-General, Division of the 
North, resigned March 17th, 1818. He was an active par- 
ticipant in the battles of Chrystler's Fields, Chippewa, and 
Niagara, and was present at the siege and defence of Fort 
Erie. In 1822-23 he edited the New York Patriot. 
September nth, 1829, he was appointed .Senior Assistant 
Postmaster-General ; from July, 1S36, to March, 1841, acted 
as Auditor of the Treasury ; from March, 1S45, to July, 1S49, 
was Postmaster at Washington City; and (rom the latter 
date till 1853 served as Surveyor-General of Oregon. He 
was subsequently employed in the Treasury Department at 
the capitol until 1867. He was a shrewd and intrepid 
soldier; a wise administrator in civil, political, and finan- 
cial affairs; and an able writer on special topics. His 
"Compendium of Infantry Tactics" was published origin- 
ally at New York, in 1S19; his " Dictionary of the Army 
of the United States," also in New York, in 1S53; second 



edition in 1S60. He was the father of the rebel General 
Gardner, who surrendered Port Hudson, July 9th, 1863. 
He died at Washington, District of Columbia, November 
1st, 1S69. 



MITH, REV. SAMUEL .STANHOPE, D. D , 
conferred by Yale College in 1783, LL. D., con- 
ferred by the Harvard University in 1810, Scholar, 
Clergyman, Author, late of Princeton, New Jersey, 
was born in Pequea, Lancaster county, renn»)l- 
vania, March l6lh, 1750, and graduated from the 
New Jersey College in 1769. His earlier education w.ns 
acquired in his father's academy, and in his sixteenth year 
he entered Princeton College, where he took his degree of 
Bachelor of Arts. He then became an assistant in his 
father's school, and in 1770-73 w.is engaged as tutor at 
Princeton, pursuing at the same time the study of theology. 
He was licensed to preach by the Presbytery of New Castle, 
being ordained in 1774; and spent some time as a Mission- 
ary in the western counties of Virginia. For the purpose 
of securing his educational .services there, a seminary was 
established of which he was made Principal, and which 
afterward became the Hampden-Sidney College. After 
being at the head of that institution for a few years, he was 
appointed, in 1779, Professor of Moral Philosophy at Prince- 
ton, and was succeeded in Virginia by his brother, John 
Smith. Upon est.ablishing himself at Princeton, where the 
ravages of the war had been most severely felt, dispersing 
the students, reducing the building to a state of dilapiilation, 
and greatly embarrassing the institution financially, he 
made great exertions and pecuniary sacrifices to restore it 
to prosperity ; accepted the additional office of Professor of 
Theology; and in 1786 that of Vice-President of the col- 
lege. In the previous year he delivered an anniversary 
address, which was subsequently expanded into a work on 
the " Causes of the Variety in the Figure and Complexion 
of the Human .Species," 8vo., published in 1787. In 17S6 
he was associated with other clergymen of the Presbyterian 
Church in preparing the form of presbyterial government 
which is still in force. In the absence of Dr. Wiiherspoon 
as a member of Congress, much of the care of the college 
devolved upon him, and, after his death in 1794, he was 
elected his successor. In 1812, however, he resigned that 
office in consequence of repeated strokes of palsy, and for 
several years occupied himself in preparing his works for 
the press. Besides two " Orations," and eight miscella- 
neous sermons in pamphlet form, and the work above 
mentioned, he published, " Sermons," 8vo., 1799; "Lec- 
tures on the Evidences of the Christian Religion," I2mo., 
1809; "A Comprehensive View of the Leading and most 
Important Principles of N.atural and Revealed Religion," 
Svo., 1S16; "On the Love of Praise," iSio; "A Contin- 
uation of Rams.ay's History of the L'nited Slates, from 1S0.S 
to 1817;" and " Lectures on Moral and Political Philoso- 



30O 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 




phy." His "Sermons," with a niemnir of his life and 
writings, were published in 1S21, 2 vols., Svo. His wife 
was a daughter of Dr. Witherspoon ; and his daughter was 
married to I. M. Pintard, Consul at Madeira. He was 
distinguished for his acquaintance with ancient and mod- 
ern literature, and for his eloquence and popularity as a 
jireaclier. He was courtly in person and manners, and 
wrote with. notable elegance and perspicuity. He died at 
Princeton, New Jersey, August 21st, 1819, "vacating a 
place and station difficult to fill." 



4 
'L'DLEY, THOMAS H., Lawyer, of Camden, was 
born in Evesham township, Burlington county, 
New Jersey, October 9th, 1819, his father, a 
farmer, being the descendant of an English fam- j 
ily resident in this country since the latter part 
of the seventeenth century. Ilis life, until he ; 
attained his twenty-first year, was passed upon the Eve- j 
sham farm; his education being received at the district 
schools, but being, by reason of his naturally studious 
habits, much more thorough and comprehensive than ; 
usually results from such training. His father died in 
1820, and his home education was received at his mother's 
hands. A woman of much refinement and culture, she 
stimulated his predisposition to study, and constantly 
sought to strengthen in him his always strong love of 
truth for truth's sake. To her training he rightly ascribes 
his successful career, and to her also may be attributed, in 
part at least, that sterling integrity which has ever been his 
most prominent characteristic. Determining upon law as 
a profession, he entered the office of the late William N. 
JetTers, Esq., in Camden, and in 1845 was admitted to the 
New Jersey bar. From the outset of his legal life he held 
a conspicuous place in his profession, his naturally acute 
mind, together with his sound training in the principles 
and practice of law, uniting to make him unusually suc- 
cessful as a barrister. But a few years after his admission 
he was one of the leaders of the New Jersey bar. In pol- 
itics he was from early manhood deeply interested, and 
from his incisive, analytical habit of mind, has always pos- 
sessed a very remarkable insight into the determination of 
political events. Until the dissolution of the Whig party 
he was one of its staunchest members ; since that event he 
has been a no less earnest Republican. When the war be- 
tween the States broke out he did not shrink from it, but 
welcomed it ; he had foreseen it for years, and had con- 
stantly opposed the various compromises effected between 
the two parties for the purpose of staying what so very few 
then saw to be an inevitable evil. To a man of his stern 
uprightness and intense honesty only decisive action was 
tolerable. There was a great national wrong to be righted, 
and a wrong that delay could only increase. The battle 



was to be fought, and he wished to fight it at once. Elected 
in i860 a delegate at large to the Chicago Convention, he 
had, and used to good purpose, the opportunity that he had 
so long hoped for to bring to issue the great question that 
for years had divided the nation. Of his action, and of the 
result of his action in that convention, the story is thus told 
by Charles P. Smith, Esq., of Trenton : " It was conceded 
early in the session of the convention that there were four 
doubtful States — New Jersey, Indiana, Illinois and Penn- 
sylvania — and it was necessary to carry .at least two of these 
States in order to nominate a candidate other than Mr. 
Seward. New Jersey presented Mr. Dayton, Pennsylvania 
presented Mr. Cameron, and Indiana and Illinois Mr. Lin- 
coln. Mr. Seward was the first choice of a majority of the 
New England States, but the event disclosed that they 
preferred the triumph of principle to the success of their 
favorite. A . committee of these States, headed by ex- 
Governor Andrew, waited upon the New Jersey delegation 
at their rooms, and declared that Mr. Seward was their 
choice, but if he could not carry the doubtful States they 
were willing to go for any one who could, but added : 
'Gentlemen, you see our difficulty, you are not agreed 
among yourselves, but present three different candidates. 
Now, if you will unite upon some one man who can carry 
them, then we will give him enough votes in the conven- 
tion to nominate him. If you continue divided, we shall 
go into the convention and vote for Mr. Seward, our first 
choice.' It was narrowed down to this : the four doubtful 
States must unite upon a candidate, or Mr. Seward would 
be nominated. The convention assembled W'ednesday 
morning, without change in this state of affairs. Mr. Dud- 
ley was assigned a place on the committee to frame a plat- 
form, and kept busy until Thursday noon. At that time 
the four doubtful States assembled at Camden Hall, to 
endeavor to unite upon some person. Ex-Governor Reeder 
presided. It was a noisy assemblage, and it very soon be- 
came evident that nothing could be accomplished as affairs 
then stood. Mr. Dudley then proposed to Mr. Judd, of 
Illinois, that the matter should be referred to a committee 
of three from each of the four States. He made a motion 
to this effect, which was carried. Among those appointed 
were Judge David Davis, Caleb B. Smith, David Wilmot 
' and William B. Mann, of Pennsylvania. On the part of 
New Jersey, Judge Ephraim Marsh, Hon. F. T. Freling- 
huysen and Mr. Dudley. The committee met at six o'clock 
in Mr. Wilniot's room, and were in session until nearly ten 
o'clock P. M. before anything was accomplished. At ih.at 
time it seemed that an adjournment would be carried with- 
out arriving at an understanding. The time had been con- 
; sumed in talking and trying to persuade each other that 
I their favorite candidates were the most available and best 
qualified. It was then that Mr. Greeley went to the door, 
I and, finding no agreement had been reached, telegraphed 
to the Tribune that Mr. Seward would certainly be nomi- 
! nated the next morning as the Republican candidate. 



BlOGRArillCAL ENXVCLOP.EDIA. 



Fincling that the committee was about to separate without 
achieving any result, Mr. Dudley took the floor, and pro- 
posed that it should be ascertained which one of the three 
candidates had the greatest actual strength before the con- 
vention, and could carry the greatest number of delegates 
from the four States in the event of dropping the other two. 
]u<lge Davis stated as to Mr. Lincoln's vote on the first 
ballot, and the probable vote of the Illinois delegates in the 
event of Mr. Lincoln being dropped — that is, how they 
would break. The committee from Indiana and Penn- 
sylvania also reported how the votes of their States would 
be cast if Lincoln and Cameron were both dropped. The 
New Jersey committee made a similar statement as to the 
strength of Judge Dayton. It was understood that a portion 
of the New Jersey delegates would drop Mr. Dayton, after 
giving him a complimentary vote, and go for Mr. Seward. 
This examination revealed the fact that of the three candi- 
dates Mr. Lincoln was the strongest. Mr. Dudley then 
proposed to the Pennsylvania committee that for the gen- 
eral good and success of the party they should give up their 
candidates and unite upon Mr. Lincoln. After some dis- 
cussion Mr. Dudley's proposition was agreed to, and a pro- 
gramme arranged to carry into execution. A meeting of 
the Dayton delegates from New Jersey was immediately 
called at James T. Sherman's room, at one o'clock that 
night. Most of the delegates who sustained him were pres- 
ent. Judge Marsh and Mr. Frelinghuysen, evidently not 
believing it possible to carry out the plan, did not attend 
the meeting. Thus Mr. Dudley was the only one from the 
committee present. He explained what had been accom- 
plished, and after talking the matter over they approved his 
action. It was understood th.it Judge Dayton was to 
receive one or more complimentary votes, and then the 
strength of the delegation to be thrown for Mr. Lincoln. 
It was also arranged that Mr. Dudley was to lead off in 
voting for Mr. Lincoln, and then they were to follow. The 
Pennsylvania delegation likewise adopted the plan, first 
giving Mr. Cameron a complimentary vote. The agree- 
ment of the committee was not generally known the next 
morning when the convention assembled. On the first bal- 
lot the entire New Jersey delegation voted for Mr. Dayton. 
The next, that portion who favored Mr. .Seward voted for 
him, while the majority voted for Mr. Dayton. "When New 
Jersey was called on the third ballot, Mr. Dudley stated 
that he should vote for Mr. Lincoln, and was immediately 
followed by all the New Jersey delegates save one. The 
result is known. New England did what she promised, 
and Mr. Lincoln was nominated. It w.as the action of the 
committee from the four doubtful .States which undoubtedly 
secured Mr. Lincoln's nomination. But for this Mr. .Seward 
would h.ive been nominated, and there is little doubt just 
as surely been defeated. This is a plain narrative of the 
manner in which the nomination of Abr.aham Lincoln was 
brought about. It cannot be disguised that had it not been 
for Mr. Dudley's energy and tact in the committee of doubt- 



ful States, the nation, in the emergency whicli so soon fol- 
lowed, would not have had the service of that •.real and 
good man at the helm." After Mr. Lincoln's election, but 
before his inauguration, Mr. Dudley visited him at his home 
in Springfield, and for almost an entire day the two were 
closeted together, discussing measures and men. As was 
to be expected, their views upon all leading questions of 
right and policy were identical ; ni some matters of delad, 
and in regard to the fitness of certain men for the discharge 
of certain important trusts, they differed. Mr. Lincoln 
named the cabinet that he had partially decided upon form- 
mg, and the several presumptive members were critically 
discussed. It is a notable fact that the men to whom Mr. 
Dudley took exception were not among those eventually 
selected by the President for his counsellors. When at last 
the long talk was ended, the President elect, rising, .said : 
" Well, Mr. Dudley, what can I do for you ? " " Nothing, 
Mr. Lincoln ; you have not an ofiice in your gift that I 
would accept.'' The grave face of the future President 
lighted up with a smile as he replied: "Give me your 
hand ; you are the first man I have yet seen who didn't 
want an office ! " Fortunately, for the cause of the Union, 
this renunciation was nullified by subsequent circumstances. 
Broken down by hard work, Mr. Dudley was ordered by 
his physician to seek recuperation in travel, and early in 
lS6i he left this country for Europe. While in Paris he was 
suddenly called upon by Minister D.ayton — the New Jersey 
candidate for the Presidency, to whom Mr. Lincoln had 
given the ministry to Fr.ince — to fill the position of Consul 
to Paris, the then incumbent, an appointee of Mr. Bu- 
chanan's, being a declared secessionist, and Mr. Bigelow, 
the Consul appointed by Mr. Lincoln, not having arrived. 
The ad iiileiini appointment was, at the urgent request of 
the minister, accepted, and its duties were exactly and .ably 
discharged. In the fall of iS6l Mr. Dudley returned to 
America, but his journeyings had not been attended with 
the beneficial result hoped for, and his physician forbade . 
him to resume the practice of his profession; assuring him 
that only by a residence abroad of several years' duration 
could his he-alth be entirely restored. He was not the man 
to willingly enter upon a life of idleness, nor did his cir- 
cumstances warrant him in so doing. He applied to Mr. 
Lincoln for a diplomatic appointment, and was at once 
made Consul to Liverpool. At the time of his application V 
but two positions remained to be filled on the diplomatic 
list, the Ministry to Japan and the Liverpool Consulate. 
The latter the President had intended offering to his friend, 
Governor Kroener, of Illinois, and he therefore urged Mr. 
Dudley to accept the former. But it was absolutely neces- 
sary that Mr. Dudley should be within available distance of 
the best medical advice, and when the President was in- 
formed of this fact, he immedi.itely ordered his commission 
to be made out to Liverpool. So, by a series of apparent 
mischances, he was despatched as the representative of the 
United States at the chief commercial port of England, 



302 



BIOGRAnilCAL ENCYCLOP.^DIA. 



there to serve his country with a zeal and efficiency unsur- 
passed liy any of her sons during the dark years of the civil 
war. The position of Consul at Liverpool during the re- 
bellion was second, of all diplomatic appointments abroad, 
only to that of Minister to the Court of St. James. As a 
nation England was the professed friend of the United 
States; as a people the English were the avowed friends 
of the Southern Confederacy. Liverpool was the centre 
whence radiated the substantial aid tendered to the Ameri- 
can rebels by their British allies. The position of our 
Consul at this port was therefore one of the greatest conse- 
quence and of the greatest delicacy. In his efforts to en- 
force the maintenance of the neutrality professed by the 
government to which he was accredited, the utmost di- 
plomacy was necessary to avoid bringing to open war the 
openly expressed hostility between the two countries. 
Everywhere his endeavor to check the flow of supplies to 
the confederacy met with determined resistance — on the 
linrt of the people declared ; on the part of the government 
thinly veiled under the clcak of legal technicalities. But 
his individual determination was almost equal to the task 
of crushing the united efforts of his opponents. Acting 
under his orders, a force of upward of loo men policed the 
ship-yards of England and Scotland ; he himself, incognito, 
constantly visited the shipping centres, and during the four 
years of the war not a keel was laid down in the United 
Kingdom that was not within twenty-four hours thereafter 
registered on the books of the Liverpool Consulate. In 
every case wherein the facts justified the belief that the 
ships in course of construction were intended for the use of 
the confederacy, he submitted full statements, with cor- 
roborative proof, to the British government ; and each stage 
in the construction of such ships was noted and made the 
subject of an additional communication. Nor was his zeal 
unattended by personal danger. Again and again he re- 
ceived anonymous letters in which he was assured that un- 
less he ceased his opposition to the extension of assistance 
to the Confederate government his life would be taken ; he 
was warned, specifically, that if he endeavored to crush 
certain schemes to this end, his death would instantly 
ensue; and he was informed that if he was found in certain 
spots designated he would be shot on sight. But threats 
had small effect upon his stem nature. He had been 
charged with a high duly, and that duty he fulfilled with a 
calm determination, and an utter forgetfulness of self such 
as few other men would have been capable of. The result 
of his unflinching labors was as satisfactory as the labors 
themselves were heroic. Outside of those directly engaged 
in its overthrow, no one man contributed more largely to 
the downfall of the Southern Confeder.acy than did he, by 
sapping the British source of rebel supplies. He remained 
constantly at his post until November, lS6S, when he re- 
lumed to the United States for a brief visit; during this 
visit a banquet was given in his honor, at which the emi- 
nent men of his State and party were present. Three years 



later he again returned to America, and, wearied by his 
decade of arduous official life, tendered his resignation of 
his Consulate. But the government was compelled to re- 
quest his services for a little time longer. The case of the 
United States, to be laid before the Joint High Commission 
at Geneva, was in course of preparation, and his assistance 
was essential in assembling and arranging evidence. He 
withdrew his tender, and set himself with his usual energy 
to the work assigned him. In order to facilitate his labors, 
his son, Mr. Edward Dudley, was appointed Vice-Consul 
to Liverpool, and was charged with the immediate business 
of the Consulate. Having assisted in the compilation of 
the case to go before the Geneva tribunal — supplying the 
material upon which the judgment in favcr of the United 
States was rendered — he finally, in 1872, returned to 
America, tendering his resignation, to take effect upon the 
appointment of his successor. No better presentation of 
the respect and eventual esteem which he won for himself 
in England, can be given than the following extract from 
the Liverpool Post of September 4th, 1872: "A Liverpool 
gentleman last night, out of the fulness of his heart — always 
open to good sympathies — took upon himself the pleasing 
office of expressing to Mr, Dudley, who is about to leave 
Liverpool, the feelings with which his course as American 
Consul is regarded by those who have observed its tenor. 
It is impossible to regard such an event as Mr. Dudley's 
departure without reflecting on the remarkable contrast that 
is presented between the state of things in which Mr. Dud- 
ley resigns his office, and th.it in which he undertook it. 
He left his country ' with four millions of human beings 
held in bondage,' and he returns to it when there is not a 
slave upon its territory, nor a man, woman or child who 
does not enjoy a liberty as perfect as that of the air they 
breathe. The aspect of Liverpo 1 society in reference to 
the United States presents almost as great a contrast. 
Within two or three days after Mr. Dudley's arrival in 
Liverpool the ' Trent ' difficulty broke out. There are few 
among us who do not remember the excitement which this 
produced— the irritated state of feeling upon which the 
news of the seizure of Mason and Slidell fell like sparks 
upon tinder; and the strong disposition shown, especially 
amongst the higher and mercantile classes, to favor, by 
every means short of actual belligerency, the cause of the 
Southern Confederation. We look back now upon this 
period with eyes greatly clarified by the course of subse- 
quent events. These events were so necessarily sequent 
upon the conditions of the great conflict which was then 
commencing that it seemed to some, who spoke out at that 
time, impossible to anticipate any other results; but this 
was not the general feeling. And an American Consul, 
bound by his position to perform difficult duties, to make a 
strong stand on behalf of his country, and to resist every 
attempt, whether direct or insidious, to aid that great 
country's enemies, held no enviable position. None that 
have known Mr. Dudley will hesitate to confess that 



BIOGRAnilCAL ENCVCLOIVEDIA. 



303 



tluoiiyhout the cmbavras'iing period of the civil war, while 
his firmness and shrewdness were conlinually exhibited on 
behalf of his country, he was found constantly courteous 
and just. No one brought into communication with him 
ever left him without a satisfactoi-y explanation of his mo- 
tives, and so far as it was possible for persons approaching 
diflicullies from opposite points of view to understand each 
other. All who had business with the American Consulate, 
even in the most difficult period of Mr. Dudley's service, 
found that to transact it was to deal with a true gentleman, 
and one who was both a man of business and a statesman. 
All the untoward circumslances which rendered that period 
so trying have now passed away, and one scarcely meets in 
society an avowed p.artisan of the confederacy which once 
looked so formidable. As a matter of partisan politics, one 
would not revive the recollection of a lime wdien the Ameri- 
can civil war was a great ground of polemical difference; 
but much more was mvolvcd in the conflict than any mere 
partisanship; and lo appreciate for a moment the intense 
feeling of satisfaction with which a politician of Mr. Dud- 
ley's calibre returns to America, now that the great work 
of Piesident Lincoln is consolidated, is to understand that 
the principles at stake in the war were of permanent im- 
portance, and may well be regarded even now with interest 
and enthusiasm. There is much to be thankful (or in the 
present state of the English mind as to American publics. 
It is a consolatory thing to reflect that the higher classes in 
this country have been brought, if only by the teachings of 
success, back again to that faith in the doctrines and prac- 
tice of freedom which wavered so sadly during the civil 
■war. Mr. Dudley's return to America will make many re- 
flect wisely upon this subject, who may hitherto have given 
it little consideration; while his personal qualities and the 
recollection of .many pie -sing dealings with him, even in 
the most unpleaslng time. ., will secure for him from the 
commercial community of Liverpool very good wishes and 
a permanent interest in his public career." Coming from 
an English journal, albeit a journal of Liberal proclivities, 
this testimonial to Mr. Dudley's official life in England is 
something of which the nation has good reason to be proud. 
Ilis reception at home was as flattering as was the mani- 
festation of good will attending his departure from Liver- 
pool. As an instance of the many marks of respect ac- 
corded him by his fellow-countrymen may be presented the 
following resolutions, read at a reception tendered to the 
Hon. George M. Robeson : "Resolved, That the Republi- 
cans of Camden, whilst reaffirming their confidence in and 
pledging their support to President U. S. Grant, heartily 
commend the able administration of home and foreign af- 
fairs for which his appointees are more directly responsible. 
Jfeso/veti, That among these agents and chief advisers. New 
Jersey points with pride to Hon. George M. Robeson, Hon. 
Thomas H. Dudley, Hon. A. G. Cattell, Hon. F. T. Fre- 
linghuysen. Justice Bradley, and other eminent statesmen, 
diplomats and jurists, who acquired an enviable national 



reputation. J\esn/veci, That while we feel just cause or 
Stale pride in the distinction achieved by those honored 
sons of New Jersey, we tender a cordial welcome to Hon. 
Thomas H. Dudley, who returns to our midst after an ab- 
sence of many years, voluntarily closing his honor.able and 
eventful public mission with the successful termination of 
the Geneva arbitration, to which result he so materially con- 
tributed by a firm and patriotic discharge of duty in a hostile 
land, when so many failed or faltered at home." Since 
his return to America, Mr. Dudley has been engaged in the 
practice of his profession in Camden, New Jersey, residing 
upon his beautiful country-seat, a few miles from that city. 
His shrewd business ability has.caused him to be frequently 
called upon to act as a corporation officer, and he is at 
present President of the Pittsburgh, Titusville & Buffalo 
Railroad Company, and of the New Jersey Mining Com- 
pany, besides being a member of the Boards of Direction 
of the Camden & Atlantic Railroad Company, West Jersey 
R.iilroad Company, Camden & Philadelphia Ferry Com- 
pany, and People's Gas-light Company, of Jersey City. He 
was also a member of the Centennial Board of Finance. 



' ACOBUS, MELANCTHON WILLL^MS, D. D., 
LL. D., was born at Newark, New Jersey, .Se])- 
teraber igth, 1S16. He was the eldest son of 
Peter and Phoebe (Williams) Jacobus. In his fif- 
teenth year he entered Princeton College, .sopho- 
more class, and three years later graduated with 
first honors from that institution. One year later he matric- 
ulated at the Theological .Seminary at Princeton, and on 
completing his course was appointed Assistant Professor in 
the Hebrew department. Here he remained a year, when, 
in answer to a unanimous call, he assumed charge of the 
First Presbyterian Church, of Brooklyn, New York. He 
was installed in 1S39, and to him this church owes its per- 
petuity and success. In 1S50, his health falling, he visited 
Europe, and with his wife went into Egypt, Palestine and 
Syria, returning home by way of Constantinople and Greece. 
During his absence he was elected Professor of Oriental 
.and Biblical Literature in the Theological Seminary at Alle- 
gheny, Pennsylvania. Resigning his ministerial work, he 
assumed the duties of his chair in 1S52, and continued ac- 
tively engaged therein until ill health obliged him, in 1866, 
lo make a second tour in Europe. He is the author of 
many and valuable works upon theological subjects; in 
1848 he published a volume of Notes on the New Testa- 
ment, entitled "Matthew with the Harmony;" subse- 
quently, " The Catechetical Question Book," " Mark and 
Luke," a " Commentary on St. John's Gospels," and "The 
Acts of the Apostles." In 1864-65 two volumes on Genesis 
were issued by him, and in 1873 the first volume on Ex- 
odus, entitled " Egypt to Sinai." These, with many other 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.^IDIA. 



works and pamphlets, are now accepted as among the stan- 
dard theological literature of the day. In 1852 the degree 
of D. I), was conferred upon him by Jefferson College, 
Pennsylvania, and in 1S67 he was created an LL. D. by his 
A/iiia Mater. At the General Assembly of the Old School 
Presbyterian Church, in New York, May, 1869, he was 
chosen Moderator, and he also occupied a most important 
position in the Assemlily of 1S70. For some years he tilleil 
the position of Secretary of the General Assembly of the 
Presbyterian Church. January, 1840, he married the eldest 
daughter of Samuel H.\yes, M. D., of Newark, New Jersey. 



AN SANTVOORD, GEORGE, Law7er and 
Author, late of Troy, New York, was born in 
Belleville, New Jersey, December 8th, 1S19. His 
father was Rev. Staats Van Santvoord. He was 
graduated at Union College in 1841, during the 
ensuing three years devoted himself to the study 
of Law at Kinderhook, New York, then removed to the 
State of Indiana. He subsequently returned to Kinder- 
hook, and there continued actively engaged in professional 
labors from 1846 to 1852. He afterward resided at Troy, 
New York, until the time of his decease. In 1852 and 
1856 he was elected to the Assembly of New York, and in 
1859 became District- Attorney of Rensselaer county, New 
Y'ork. He has published, in addition to numerous contri- 
butions to periodical literature, " Life of Algernon Sidney," 
1851 ; " Principles of Pleading in Civil Actions under the 
New York Code," Svo., 1852 and 1855; "Indiana Jus- 
tice," 1845, and a recent edition thereof; "Lives of the 
Chief-Justices of the United States," 8vo., 1854; "Prece- 
dents of Pleading," 8vo., 185S; and "Practice in the Su- 
preme Court of New York, in Equity Actions," 1860-62. 
He also wrote, for the " Democratic Review," lives of 
prominent and leading French revolutionists, including 
those of Robespierre, Danton and Carnot. His father, who 
was pastor of the Dutch Reformed Church at Belleville, 
New Jersey, was a man of sterling attainments, an exemplary 
minister, and a highly-respected citizen. He was accident- 
ally killed at East Albany, New York, by being run over 
by a train of cars, March 6th, 1S63. 



''UCKER, HON. JOSEPH, a prominent citizen of 
New York, late of that city, was born at Eaton- 
town, New Jersey, but removed to New York in 
1805, and there eng.iged in business as a master- 
mason or builder. He was an active participant 
in many of the actions and engagements attending 
the war of 1812, and served fourteen years in the State 
militia. He was twice elected, on the old Whig ticket, to 



fill the office of Alderman; in 1S36 was strongly urged to 
accept the nomination of a Representative in Congress, but 
declined; in 1840 was on the \Vhig electoral ticket, and in 
1842 was a member of the New York State Assembly. 
Throughout the city and the State he was known and re- 
spected as an useful and upright citizen ; and had he been 
endowed with a greater measure of ainbition, might have 
aspired to offices of trust and dislinction with every proba- 
bility of success. He died at New York city, in the 
eightieth year of his age. 



ILLEDOLER, REV. PHILIP, D. D., Prominent 
Clergyman of the Dutch Reformed Church, 
President of Rutgers College, New Jersey, Au- 
thor, late of Staten Island, was born in Farming- 
ton, Connecticut, September 22d, 1775, and was 
of Swiss parent.ige. While engaged in study at 
Edinburgh, he became distinguished as a scholar, particu- 
larly in the application of chcmistiy to the pursuits of life. 
The Highland Agricultural Society having off'ered a pre- 
mium of fifty sovereigns for the best analysis of oats, he was 
the successful competitor. In May, 1795, he became minis- 
ter of the Reformed Church in New York; from iSioto 
1813 was pastor of the Third Presbyterian Church in Phila- 
delphia, Pennsylvania; from 1813 to 1820 officiated in 
Rutgers Street Collegiate Church, New York, and from 
1S25 to 1835 was President of Rutgers College, New Jer- 
sey, acting at the same time as Professor of Moral Philoso- 
phy in that institution. He was one of the founders of the 
Bible Society, and at different times published many lec- 
tures, addresses, essays and treatises. He died at Staten 
Island, September 22d, 1852. 



W 



ARICK, COLONEL RICHARD, La«7er, Revo- 
lutionary Soldier, one of the founders of the 
American Bible Society, and President of th.-it 
body, late of Jersey City, New Jersey, was born 
in Hackensack, New Jersey, March 25th, 1753. 
On the commencement of active and open hos- 
tilities between the colonies end the mother country, he was 
occupied in his profession, as lawyer, in New York city, and 
entered the patriot service as Captain in McDougall's regi- 
ment. He was afterward Military Secretary to General 
Schuyler, who then commanded the northern aniiy, and 
subsequently w.as appointed Deputy Muster-Master-General, 
with the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel. He remained with 
that army until after the capture of Burgoyne, in October, 
1777, when he acted as Inspector-General at West Point 
until after the discovei7 of Arnold's meditated treason. 
He then became a member of Washington's military family, 




c!/ • / c-i./ i^^ i}^-*^- LocjX^--^ 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 



30s 



and acted as Recording Secretary until near the close of 
the war. After the evacuation of the city by the British, 
November 25th, 1783, he was appointed Recorder of the 
city of New Yorl;, which office he held until 1789, when he 
took the position of Attorney-General of the State, and, at a 
later date, that of Mayor, which he held until 1801. He 
had been appointed, in 17S6, in conjunction with Samuel 
Jones, Reviser of the State laws, and the result of their 
combined labors was the volume which bears their names, 
issued in 1789. He subsequently presided for some time as 
Speaker of the House of Assembly. He was one of the 
founders of the American Bible Society, and on the resig- 
nation of John Jay, who succeeded Elias Boudinot, was se- 
lected to fill its Presidency. For many years he was a 
member of a Christian church, and was dignified in his 
manners and fixed in his principles, political and religious. 
" In person he was tall (over six feet in height) .and of im- 
posing presence." In the graveyard annexed to the church 
at Ilackensack, New Jersey, is a tall gi-anite monument, in 
the rear of the building, bearing the following inscription : 
" In memory of Colonel Richard Varick, formerly Mayor of 
the city of New York, and, at the time of his decease. 
President of the American Bible .Society. He was born, 
25th of March, 1753; died 30th of July, 1S31 ; aged 
seventy-eight years, four n^onths, and five days." 



NDERSON, JOHN A., Superintendent of the Bol- 
videre Railroad and its branches, w.as born, June 
6lh, 1829, in Flemmgton, Hunterdon county. 
New Jersey. He is the son of John H. Ander- 
son, a merchant of Lambertville. His family are 
old residents of Hunterdon county, his mother, 
previous to her marriage, having been a Miss Alexander, 
nearly related to the Flemings, from whom the town of 
Flemington takes its name. He was educated at private 
schools in Hunlerdon,andat'the Doylestown (Pennsylvania) 
Academy. On the 4th of July, 1848, he entered the engineer 
corps of Ashbel Welsh, then engaged in locating the Eelvi- 
dere Delaware Railroad, Martin Coryell being at that 
time Mr. Welsh's chief assistant. He continued a member 
of the corps until the road was located and built, when he 
served as a clerk in the working department, subsequently 
becoming Assistant Superintendent, and finally, on Mr. 
Welsh's resignation of the superintendency, in 1S71, he 
■was appointed Superintendent, his control as such extending 
to the Mercer & Somerset and the Flemington br.anches. 
On the consummation of the lease of the United Railroads 
to the Pennsylvania Railroad in 1872, when the manage- 
ment of these roads passed to the Pennsylvania Company, 
although the stock remained in the hands of the United 
Companies, he was retained as Superintendent of what was 
then designated as the Belvidere Delaware Division of 
the United Railroads of New Jersey. This position he still 
39 



holds, having shown by the ability, fidelity, and success of 
his management, that in his case the sagacity of the great 
Pennsylvania Company was not at fault, as, indeed, it very 
seldom is. He is also a Director of the Amwell National 
Bank. He takes a decided and active interest in the pros- 
perity of Lambertville and its people, including especially 
the employes of the Belvidere Delaware Railroad. Like 
all efiicient officers, he is a humane man, and believes that 
the laborer not only is worthy of his 'hire, but is worthy, be- 
sides, of that Combined good feeling and good treatment 
which is above all money value, except perhaps to the giver, 
who in a roundabout way usually gets his kindness back in 
cash, proving that if benevolence is not enlightened self- 
interest, it is entirely consistent with it. Since 1S46 he has 
been a member of the Presbyterian church, and for several 
years an Elder, acting also, during a considerable part of 
the time of his membership, as Superintendent of the Sab- 
bath school connected with the church. He is, moreover, 
a devoted friend of the temperance cause, which, unlike 
some of its apostles, he supports by precept and example, 
too. Personally he is a courteous and estimable man, a 
Christian gentleman. He was married, August 31st, 1853, 
to Cornelia Coryell, of Lambertville. 



tr /^-'OOPER, JAMES FENIMORE, Novelist, late of 
Cooperstown, New York, was born m Burlington, 
New Jersey, September 15th, 1 789, and was the 
youngest of the five sons, and youngest but one 
of seven children of Judge William Cooper. In 
his infancy he was removed, with the family, tp 
Cooperstown, where, several years previously, his father 
had, by the extinguishment of Indian titles, become pos, 
sessed of extensive tracts of land on the shores of Lake Otr 
sego, the head waters of the Susquehanna, and nearly in the 
geographical centre of the State of New York. In this des, 
olate wilderness, far from any civilized settlements, the 
adventurous pioneer entered upon a career of remarkable 
success and influence by erecting the imposing hall which 
figures so prominently in the romances, and subsequently 
became the final resting-place, of his son, on the southern 
shore of the lake. "Judge Cooper was not only a man of 
remarkable energy and business skill, as his adventurous 
encounter of the toils and perils of frontier life at such a 
time would indicate, but possessed a strength and sagacity 
of mind which, added to the great wealth accruing from the 
rapid settlement of the country at the close of the revolu- 
tionary w.ir, g.ave him and his family a kind and degree of 
influence for many years unequalled in all that region, and 
which reacted visibly, and not altogether happily, upon the 
character and tastes of the family. Traces of the independ- 
ence, not to s.ay hauteur, engendered by the sunshine of 
such position and influence, are to be detected in many pas, 
sages both of the history and the writings of the youngest 



S~7^<y 



•;o6 



EIOGRAPIIICAL EN'CVCLOr.EDIA. 



son, and which perhaps contributed to the personal troubles 
and collisions of his later years." His mother, to whom in 
personal aspect as well as in mental and moral traits he 
bore a striking resemblance, was the daughter of Richard 
Fenimore, of New Jersey, of a family of Swedish descent 
and personal distinction. She, like her husband, was en- 
dowed with rare energy of character, possessed a cultivated 
and brilliant intellect, and is said to have found great 
pleasure in general and especially in romantic literature. 
Her thoroughness as a housekeeper, personal beauty, and 
family consequence, made her to a notable degree a sharer 
in the influence of her husband, both in the household and 
in the surrounding community. Respecting his birth and 
ancestry, Mr. Cooper wrote the following letter to a friend : 
" Hall, CoopERSTOWN, December 6th, 1844. Sir: I was 
born in neither of the places you mention, but in the last 
house but one of the main street of Burlington, as one goes 
into the country. There are two houses, of brick, stuccoed, 
built together, the one having five windows in front, and 
the other four, the first being the last house in the street. 
In this house dwelt Mr. Lawrence, my old commander, 
Caiitain Lawrence's father, and in the four-window house 
my father. My father was a native of Pennsylvania, but he 
lived several years in Burlington. In 1785 he first visited 
this part of the world, having a large tract of land on the 
shores of Lake Otsego. In the winter of 1785-6 he com- 
menced the settlement of his tract, or Cooper's Patent, as it 
was called, and in 17SS this Cooperstown was regularly 
laid out. That year my father had a house built here, and 
my mother passed the summer in the place. But it was 
still too new to tempt her to remain here, and in September, 
1789, I was born at the residence I have mentioned. In 
1790 the family came here for a permanent residence. My 
claims on New Jersey, however, go a little further. My 
father having been elected to Congress in 1794, and that 
body then sitting in Philadelphia, he brought my mother 
and such of the children as were not at school as far as 
Burlington, where he left them. Being the youngest child, 
I remained with my mother, and by these means commenced 
Latin with a well-known Irish pedagogue in Burlington, of 
the name of Higgins. I was twice vi'ith this man : once in 
1796, and again in 1798. On each occasion I remained 
about a year in Burlington. My mother was a Jerseywo- 
man, and strongly attached to her native Slate. In 179S 
her reluctance to return to this place was so strong that my 
father actually purchased a house in Burlington, with the 
intention of leaving my mother in it ; but so great was the 
grief of my brother and myself at the idea of giving up our 
lake and haunts at this place, that she abandoned her own 
wishes to ours, and consented to return. I am inclined to 
think that my father, whose interests in New York w^ere 
very large, was afraid to go through the same risks again, 
for we returned to Burlington no more. I am only remotely 
connected with Gloucester. William Cooper, who became 
possessed of the property on Cooper's creek, and around 



Camden, in 16S7, and in whose descendants most, if not 
all of it, still remains, was my direct ancestor. But our 
branch of the family passed into Pennsylvania long before 
the Revolution, where my father, grandfather, and I believe 
my great-grandfather, were. born. The latter, however, 
may have been born in Gloucester, though he certainly died 
in Bucks. I have always understood he had properly dis- 
tinct from that on which he lived, and have always su)ii>05cd 
il was at or near the old family homestead. This is all 
matter of tradition, though it is tradition pretty accurately 
obtained. John Cooper, the uncle of the late Richard Mat- 
lack Cooper, and my grandfather, were first cousins, as 
were Marmaduke Cooper, Isaac's father, and my grand- 
lather. You will see by this how near I come to your 
county. I am a New Yorker by education, interests, prop- 
erty, marriage, and fifty-four years residence; but New Jer- 
sey has, and ever will have, a near hold upon my feelings. 
My ancestors, in various directions, were among her first 
settlers, and, though William Cooper, the root of us all, 
first .settled at Burlinglon in 1679, he went so soon to 
Gloucester that I have always regarded that county as the 
real nest of the whole brood. If I ever spoke of Gloucester 
as my place of origin, it must have been in reference to the 
facts here mentioned. My father maintained some inter- 
course with his Gloucester county kinsmen, but I have had 
less. I have known the two Captains Cooper of the iia\y, 
father and son, and we recognize the relationship; and I 
saw the late Richard AL Cooper once or twice, as well as 
William Cooper, but this is nearly the extent of my acquaint- 
ance in that quarter of the country. There are two hamlets 
that are called Cooperstown at no great distance from you, 
I believe — one the property of Isaac Cooper, who inherited 
his father Marmaduke Cooper's large fortune ; and the 
other once belonged to my father, whence its name. I cer- 
tainly was not born in it, however, nor do I remember ever 
to have seen it, though I may have passed through it when 
a boy. I cannot be mistaken as to the place of my birth, 
as my mother often pointed it out to me when a school-boy 
in Burlington, and it was often mentioned in our family 
discussions. I so well recollect the place that I went to it 
without a guide a few years since, and finding the house, 
I inquired of an old blind gentleman who was seated on the 
adjoining stoop, if my father had not once lived in that 
house. This person, whose name was How, and whose 
family owned all three of the houses, my father and Mr. 
Lawrence being their tenants, recollected all about it, and 
remembered the births of two, if not three children, in the 
house. It was the last house my father occupied in Bur- 
lington, and I being the youngest child bom there, of course 
I was right. My sister, who was also born in Burlington, 
hut in a diflerent house, being several years my senior, con- 
firms all these impressions. In addition, I well remember 
that Dr. Harlshorne, of Burlinglon, has often been men- 
tioned to me OS the professional man who did me the favor 
to act as accoucheur. Thus, you see, I cannot claim a sen- 



EIOGRAnilCAr, EXCVCI.Or.-KDIA. 



307 



tence in your forthcoming worl<. There will lie plenty of 
the name without me, however; and I shall certainly ol)tain 
the book, and no doubt find much information and amuse- 
ment in it. If you think proper, however, simply to state 
that I am of Gloucester county stock originally, I shall be 
one of the last to deny it. The fact is not of much impor- 
tance to the world, but it has some interest with myself. 
Very respectfully, your servant, J. Fenimore Cooper." 
Amid the rude experiences and the jjerilous incidents of a 
frontier life he passed his youth until, at the age of thirteen, 
he was sent from home to be entered in the freshman class 
of Yale College. The youngest pupil in that institution, 
and too young to secure the benefits or escape the perils of 
college life, his career there seems to have given no indica- 
tions of the lustrous future which lay in store for him. At 
the close of his third year as student he voluntarily left the 
college, and entered the United States navy as a common 
sailor, in which capacity he w.as employed about two years, 
chiefly on board the "Sterling." He was then promoted, 
first to the rank of Midshipman, and before the close of his 
sea-life to that of Lieutenant, remaining partly with the 
sloop-of-war "Wasp," and later, for a time, in a vessel on 
Lake Ontario. That the varied and vivid experiences of 
this naval life had a powerful influence; if not in determin- 
ing his career, at least in preparing him for it, is obvious 
from the perfect familiarity with ocean aspects and sea- 
manship which is displayed in his nautical romances. In 
iSll he resigned his po.st as Lieutenant and removed to 
Mamaroneck, Westchester county, New York, and was a 
resident of that place when, a few years afterwards, he 
began his career as author. It is narrated that, while read- 
ing aloud to his wife a newly-published English story of do- 
mestic life, and yawning over its tiresome pages, he exclaimed 
that "he could write a better novel himself." "You had 
better try," was the response, and it pushed him into a cur- 
rent of thought whose ultimate result was his transformation 
into the leading novelist of his time and counti-y. After a 
few weeks of secret labor, he astonished his wife by reading 
to her the opening chapters of " Precaution." " The style, 
scenery and spirit of the book readily belrav its oricrin, and 
when completed it gave but little satisfaction to the author, 
or pleasure to the reader." It was, however, warmly 
praised by partial friends, who listened to its chapters as 
they were successively completed, and through the inter- 
vention of Charles Wilkes was published in 1819, and at 
the expense of the author, who had little faith in its excel- 
lence as a literary production. Though at least equal to 
the average novel of the d.ay, it was so imitative as to have 
passed for a long time as a work of English origin, and fc 
many years was not acknowledged by its author, and never, 
with his approval, included among his works. " But it did 
the great service of awakening to consciousness the real 
powers of the man. The resolution to write another work 
of fiction was soon formed, and everything favored the 
choice of the fortunate theme." The country was emerg- 



ing from the war with Great Britain, while ])opular tastes 
and associations pointetl to the still more excuing exjieii- 
ences of the revolutionary days as a desirable sulijeci of de- 
lineation. Then, breaking free from the trainir.ils of piece- 
dence and conventionality, he venluieil uimhi ihe virgin soil 
of a domestic tale filled with characters familiar to Ameri- 
cans, and depending for its interest upon scenes in which a 
large part of his contemporaries had actu.ally participated. 
The composition of the work was ke|it secret until near its 
completion, when again the warm counselling of listening 
friends induced him to undertake its publication. For some 
time a publisher was sought in vain, and when, finally, 
Charles Wiley consented to assist him in his aims, it was 
only at his own expense, and by his personal supervision of 
the proof-sheets, and occasionally actual parlicijiation m ihe 
type-setting, that the first volume was made ready for publi- 
cation. Then came a halt, and, either from lack of confi- 
dence in its success or lack of funds, he was strongly tempted 
to abandon his second work, and in an incomplete condition 
leave it to its fate as a fresh failure. He would have gladly 
given the copyright to any publisher who would complete 
it at his own expense, but could find no one who would 
accept the responsibility. Thus, though begun soon after 
the appearance of " Precaution," three years e'apsed before 
" The Spy " was put into the h.ands of the public. It had, 
as it deserved, an immediate and brilliant success. "The 
novelty of its subject, the originality of every feature, the 
exciting and familiar scenes, the well known characters 
hardly disguised by the thin veil of ftction. the pungent 
incense to national pride and patriotic feeling, and withal 
the rough vigor and manly quality of the style, were well 
fitted to the popular habits and tastes. ' In the States it 
met with cordial yet cautious praise by critical litterateurs, 
but was eagerly read by the general mass of the community, 
while in England it took the reading public by storm, and 
rapidly won a popularity rivalling even that of the Wavcily 
novels, then at the very zenith of their success. It ran rap- 
idly through many editions both at home and abroad, and 
has probably received a greater number of translations and 
attracted a more widespread admiration than any similar 
work ever written in English, being at a later period trans- 
lated even into Persian, Ara1)ic, and other Oriental lan- 
guages. This stroke of fortune necessarily determined the 
character of his future life and labors; and, relinquishing 
his profession, he gave himself to authoi-ship with remarka- 
ble diligence and earnestness. After an interval of two 
years was prndnred ihe " Pioneers," and in its preface he 
has given its real motive and inspiration. He says: "I 
wrote mv first work because it was said I could not write a 
grave tale; so to prove that the world did not know me, I 
wrote one so grave that nobi dy would read it. I wrote the 
second to see if I could not overcome this neglect of the 
reading world. The third I have written exclusively to 
please myself." The " Pioneers " lacks the stirring turmoil 
and favorite characters of the " Spy," but is still one of the 



3o8 



EIOGRArillCAL EN'CVCLOr.EDIA. 



ablest of his productions. With the exception of the 
"Bravo," it was his favorite, and from beginning to end its 
composition was a labor of love. It found a publisher at 
once, but at home was far less immediately popular than its 
predecessor; but in Europe its striking portraiture of Amer- 
ican scenery, and the new phases of life it presented, se- 
cured it a warm welcome, and at the time contributed sen- 
sibly to the reputation of American literature. Within a 
year after the "Pioneers" appeared the " Pilot," and its 
immediate occasion is said to have been the perusal of 
Scott's " Pirate." This, in its first success, outran all its 
predecessors, and gained at a bound a position which no 
subsequent work of the kind has been able even to contest. 
Said the Edinburgh Rti'U-M : " The empire of the sea is 
conceded to him by acclamation." Two years later ap- 
peared " Lionel Lincoln," which, though carefully and 
elaborately written, with the " Spy " as its model, wa.s, in 
comparison with preceding works, received with a degree 
of coolness that displeased and piqued him. Then came 
" The Last of the Mohicans," perhaps the most exciting, 
best sustained, and popular of his achievements upon a field 
he has held as peculiarly his own. Never before had the 
romance of Indian character, or the author's dramatic pow- 
ers been so successfully exhibited. A universal popularity 
at once greeted its appearance, and it was immediately 
reproduced in almost every civilized language, and it con- 
tributed in a greater measure to the general impressions of 
the Old World regarding aboriginal life in the New than 
all other works combined. In 1827 appeared the " Red 
Rover," generally esteemed the most dramatic and powerful 
of his sea tales ; and in 1828 the " Prairie," " scarcely less 
interesting as a romance, or less triumphant as a work of 
art than ' The Last of the Mohicans.' " Between the pro- 
duction of these two tales he visited Europe with his family, 
where he remained till 1833, and his residence there occa- 
sioned some of the most unpleasant passages of his life. 
Warmly devoted to his country and her institutions, he was 
prompt in resenting, in every country, the disparaging slan- 
ders and imputations which Europe, at that n.iscent period 
of American existence, harbored and disseminated ; and yet 
this very love of country rendered him the more painfully 
sensitive to the faults of principles and conduct by which 
his countrymen continu.ally brought down ridicule upon 
themselves and the United States. Indignant at the viru- 
lence of those opposed to republicanism, he was scarcely 
less so at its allies for their errors and inconsistencies. 
"These faults he felt it was both his right and duty to cor- 
rect. His literary position, and the consciousness of un- 
questionable patriotism, gave him, as he thought, the right 
to expect that well-meant rebuke of obvious evils would be 
both welcome and effective." In accordance with this idea 
he wrote " The Letters of a Travelling Bachelor." But 
however laudable the real and avowed purpose of this step, 
the effect was anything but beneficial or desirable, and this 
work was only the beginning of a series " which it would 



have been equally to his credit and comfort to have left 
unwritten." His "Residence in Europe," the " Letter to 
My Countrymen," " Homeward Bound," " Home as 
Found," and " The Monikins," gave such deep and gen- 
eral offence at home that it required all the recollections of 
his genius and the splendid merits of his earlier publica- 
tions to reconcile an indignant public to his apparent censo- 
rioHsness and assumption. While this series was in prog- 
ress, and he to "all appearances engrossed in literaiy and 
political discussion, the "Bravo" was sent forth, re- 
ceived with applause in America, and in Europe with 
mingled eulogiums and denunciations. In his own estima- 
tion it was his ablest work, and, except the " Pioneers," 
most completely expressed the convictions of his understand- 
ing and his most cherished sentiments. Alternating with 
various political works, he also published, while still in 
Europe, "The Wept of Wish-ton-Wish," "The Heiden- 
mauer," and "The He.adsman of Berne." On his return 
home he found himself a centre for attack of the entire 
press of the counliy in consequence of the tone of the works 
before mentioned, and was overwhelmed with cutting criti- 
cism, which only too often w.-s characterized by vindictive 
hatred and an offensive pei'sonality wholly unmerited. But, 
beyond the satires contained in his fictions, no word of de- 
fence was published by him to the many charges of his po- 
litical enemies until full five years had elapsed. Then was 
published his "Naval History of the United States," the 
finly historical production of his pen except a series of naval 
biographies published in a magazine. *' This was a work 
of great labor and research, and was regarded by the author 
with a parti.ality which .... the public judgment has hardly 

confirmed This work, following the personal tales 

and essays referred to, and in a few particulars taking novel 
and unjiopular views, elicited from the press attacks of such 
violence and personality as to provoke the author into the 
most remarkable series of legal prosecutions ever known in 
the annals of literature, and which continued for several 
years to absorb the larger share of his time, and best ener- 
gies of his mind." Particularly did his recital of the battle 
of Lake Erie clash with many of the accepted and favorite 
opinions of the public, in seemingly detracting from Perry's 
accustomed honors in this exploit, and in assigning to El- 
liott an unexpected if not the chief merit in the affair. But, 
whatever may be the truth of the case, it is generally agreed 
that his position was taken in fair intent, and has the sanc- 
tion of the award of three competent arbitrators to whom 
was submitted the whole question as the result of the legal 
prosecutions. The law of libel when these suits were be- 
gun was undefined and almost nugatory : practically, there 
was but little defence of private character against the most 
wanton assaults of the press; and if the restraints of the law 
of libel were at all justifiable, then was presented occasion 

for giving it a new definition and needed force. " 

And from all that transpired of Cooper, nothing is more 
clear than that the coiTection of this great jvil was the lead- 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENXVCLOP.EDIA. 



309 



in:; motive for plunging into the sea of troubles which 

aw liieil him But the immunity of personal character 

lie Ijelieved in, and, after a contest of years, established." 
During this period some twenty distinct suits for libel were 
l<r(Hii;ht by him, and in all, or nearly all, he met with suc- 
cess. He was thus chielly instrumental in bringing about a 
reform in the habits and manners of the press, and in reviv- 
ing the practical efficiency of a safeguard that had been 
much and blamably neglected. While occupied in con- 
ducting tliese libel suits in person he published " The Path- 
finder," which, renewing the scenes and characters of his 
most popular tales, was warmly welcomed by a divided 
community. After the issue of " Mercedes of Castile" came 
the last of the Leather-Stocking Tales, "The Deerslayer," 
which was greeted with enthusiasm scarcely inferior to that 
which heralded "The Spy" or "The Pilot." About 1844 
he became interested in the political questions growing out 
of the tenure of lands in certain portions of the State of New 
York, and the organized refusal of the tenants or occupants 
to pay the accustomed rent toll. Every instinct of personal 
feeling, as well as political conviction, arrayed him strongly 
against the novel doctrines, and led to the preparation of 
the "Litllepage" tales — "Satanstoe," "The Redskins," 
and " The Chainbearer " — which, " had they advocated the 
]iopuIar side of the question, would have been regarded as 
models of their kind." From the termination of his suits 
till the time of his decease he was constantly occupied in 
literary labors, and there appeared m rapid succession " The 
Two Admirals," 1S42; " Wing-and-Wing " and "Ned 
Myers," in 1843; "Wyandotte," "Afloat and Ashore," 
and "Miles Wallingford," in 1S44; "The Crater," in 
1S46; "Jack Tier" and "O.ik Openings," in 1S48; "The 
Sea-Lions," in 1849 i ^"'^ "The Ways of the Hour." his 
last, in 1850. While engaged in the following year upon a 
work of historical character, after a few months' rapid de- 
cline, his extraordinary physical powers gave wav, and he 
died, to the surprise and grief, not less of his family than of 
the public. Personally, he was of massive and compact 
]iroportions, with a countenance " glowing with manly 
beauty," and eloquent of intellectual strength. In his so- 
cial traits, so far as his innate reserve and strong predilec- 
tions would permit, he was magnanimous and hospitable. 
" Frank, generous, independent, and not over-refined either 
by native constitution or culture, enemies were as plenti- 
fully made as easily reconciled by his singular admi.iture 
of opposing qualities." Although his works, for some cause, 
secured him but a limited remuneration, they have had an 
unparalleled sale, both at home and abroad. Not only have 
all the chief stories been reproduced as they appeared in 
numerous editions in France, Germany, Russia, and many 
other European countries, and were circulated largely and 
continuously in Great Eritain, but they had and still have 
an unceasing sale in the United States and the Canadas, 
also the settled portions of Australia, and the English sec- 
tions of East India. His " Battle of Lake Erie " was pub- 



lished in 1S43 ; and a comedy written by hiiii was pcrfoniR-d 
at Burton's Theatre, New York, in 1850; he publi^lied also 
"Gleanings in Europe," six volumes, and " Sketches of 
Switzerland." He was married, January 1st, iSil, to Susnn 
de Lancey, sister of the Bishop of the Wcsleni Diocese of 
New York, a woman of gre.at excellence of character, cul- 
tivated tastes, and unaffected piely. Susan Peninmre 
Cooper, his daughter, was author and editor of several pop- 
ular works, chiefly descriptive of rural life. The tirst, " Ru- 
ral Hours," was published in 1850, and is an excellent and 
interesting volume; in 1854 it was followed by " Rhyme 
and Reason of Country Life;" and in 1858 by her "Trib- 
ute to the Character of Washington." He died at Coopers- 
town, New York, Seiitember I4lli, 1S51. 



OORE, EDWARD M., M. D., Professor of Surgery 
in the Buffalo Medical College of New York, was 
born in Rahway, New Jersey, July 15th, 1814, 
and graduated from the University of Pennsylva- 
nia in 183S. In the course of this year, in con- 
junction with Dr. C. L. Pennock, of Philadelphia, 
Pennsylvania, he performed a series of original experiments 
relative to the heart, and the condition and phases of ihat 
organ under certain conditions, which attracted much atteii- 
lum in medical circles. Removing to Rochester. New 
York, about 1840, he rapidly acquired a high reputation in 
his profession, and a leading xisition among the eastern 
practitioners. He was for many years Professor of Surgery 
in the Buffalo Medical College, where he won the admira- 
tion and respect of all by his sterling attainments as a 
lecturer and teacher. 



AN CLEVE, HOR.'VTIO PHILLIPS, Brigadier- 
General of Volunteers in the United States army, 
of Minnesota, was born in Princeton, New Jersey, 
November 23d, 1809. He graduated at West 
Point in 1S31, after having passed through a 
course of preparatory studies at Princeton College. 
He then obtained a commission as Brevet Second Lieutenant 
in the 5th Infantry, but resigned in 1836. He subsequently 
resided temporarily in Missouri and Ohio, afterward remov- 
ing to Michigan, where he was principally occupied in 
.agricultural pursuits, although occasionally employed as a 
civil engineer. In 1S56 he removed to Minnesota, and 
there, until 1861, pursued the vocation of farmer. July 
22d, 1861, he received a commission as Colonel of the 2d 
Regiment of Minnesota Volunteers, and was ordered to Ken- 
lucky to assist in upholding the menaced cause of the Unimi 
in that section. This regiment he commanded at the battle 
of Mill Spring, January 19th, 1862, and for gallantry dis- 



3IO 



EIOGRAnnCAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 



played during that action was appointed Brigadier-General 
ol Volunteers, March 2lst, 1862. He also commanded a 
brigade in Crittenden's division, before Corinth, through 
northern Alabama; and at Louisville took command of the 
division, on Crittenden's promotion, October 1st, 1S62. 
L'pon joining Rosecrans, in the following December, he 
was an active participant at the battle of Stone River, 
where, after having rendered distinguished and efficient 
service, he was painfully wounded. September iiih and 
I3tli, 1863, he w,-is eng.iged at Ringgold, Georgia, and 
Gordon's Mills; took part in the battle of Chickamauga, 
September 19th and 20th, 1863; and from 1863 to 1S65 
was in command of Murfreesboro', Tennessee. He has 
since acted as Adjutant-General of the State of Minnesota, 
a position to which he was appointed in January, 1866. 



lENNINGTON, SAMUEL HAYES, M. D., New 
ark, son of Samuel and Sarah (Hayes) Penning 
ton — his father being for many years an influen 
tial member of the New Jersey Legislature; his 
maternal grandfather. Major Samuel Hayes, a 
distinguished militia officer in the revolutionary 
service — was born at Newark, October i6th, 1806. Having 
graduated from the Newark Academy, he entered Princeton 
Colleije in 1823, receiving from that institution the degree 
of A. B. in 1S25, and A. M. in 1828. In the latter year 
he began the study of medicine under his maternal uncle, 
Dr. Samuel Hayes; subsequently attended lectures under 
the Rutgers Medical Faculty of Geneva College, and in 
1S29 received his degree of M. D. Entering into partner- 
ship with his uncle, at Newark, he succeeded to his practice 
in 1839, and during the ensuing thirty years led an active 
professional life. During the latter portion of this period 
he was a recognized leader of the medical profession in 
Ea.st Jersey, and his consulting practice was very extensive. 
Some twelve years back he began the gradual circumscrip- 
tion of his professional duties, and has now for a consider- 
able period ceased to practice save in a small circle of old 
and attached friends. In the Medical Society of the State 
he has been an active member, contributing largely toward 
the promotion of its interests and taking a leading part in 
moulding and directing its policy. In 1848 he was elected 
ils President, filling the position in such a manner as to give 
very general satisfaction. He is also a member of the 
County Medical Society. His professional standing has 
lieen recognized outside of his State by his election to hon 
orary membership in the Connecticut Medical Society, and 
outside of his country by his election to corresponding 
membership with the Medical Society of Munich and with 
the Roy.al Botanical Society of Ratisbon. He has for 
many years been prominent in educational matters, and h 
labors in this connection have been persistent and to good 



Board of Education, being continuously re-elected until 
1862, when he refused renomination. In 1S55 he was 
elected President of the Board, both parties uniting in his 
nomination and giving him their undivided vote. He held 
the office uninterruptedly until his retirement, in 1862. In 
1833 he was elected a member of the Board of Trustees of 
the Newark Academy, and in 1S54 became President of 
that body, a position that he still holds. In 1856 he was 
chosen a Trustee of Princeton College, and about the same 
time a Trustee of the Presbyterian Theological Seminary at 
the same place, the duties of both of which trusts he has 
since continued to discharge. In his several diflferent re- 
lations with education in the State, he has displayed a 
broad liberality, and has done excellent service in advan- 
cing the welfare of the institutions in the government of 
which he has been concerned. For nearly thirty years he 
has been President ol the Newark City Bank — of which he 
was one of the founders — retaining his position through its 
change from a State to a national institution, and display- 
ing in its management a sound business ability. Under his 
care the bank has become one of the most successful finan- 
cial corporations in the State. Dr. Pennington has not 
aimed at a reputation for authorship, his efTorls in that 
direction having been limited to addresses and essays, on 
medical, educational and kindred subjects, demanded by 
his official position in the societies and boards with which 
he has been connected. These have given evidence of 
careful consideration, and borne marks of the scientific and 
classical culture to which he is known to have devoted 
much of his leisure. 

'/' 
MITH, SAMUEL J., Poet, late of Burlington, New 
Jersey, was born in that city in 1771. Possessing 
a large inherited income, he lived tranquilly on 
his estate during the major portion of his life, 
dividing his time and attention between litera- 
ture, agricultural pursuits and public benefactions. 
A volume of his poetry was published, 8vo., 1S36. Two 
of his lyrics, noted for their beauty, are in the " Lyra 
Sacra Americana." He died in Burlington, New Jers»y, 
in 1835. 



AN SYCKEL, AARON, Merchant and Real-estate 
Dealer, late of Van Syckelville, was born, May 
26th, 1793, at Mount Pleasant, Hunterdon county. 
New Jersey. His father, after whom he was 
named, was a farmer. His grandfather came to 
this country from Holland, and settled in ^uig- 
wood township, in Hunterdon county. Young Aaron re- 
ceived a good business education in the common schools 
of the neighborhood, and when still quite young entered 



effect. In 1845 he was elected a member of the Newark I upon a mercantile career. For a long time he kept a 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 



3" 



country store in Bethlehem township, but eventually his 
mercantile career, prosperous in its sphere, opened into a 
cognate career of greater profit to himself as well as of 
greater hencfit to the community. In 1832 he, in company 
with Charles Bartles, of Flemington, engaged extensively m 
the real estate business, in which they continued to operate 
heavily up to i860, more farms and farming lands having 
passed through their hands in the intervennig period than 
were handled by any other parties in that section of the 
State, not a single acre of which, be it recorded to the 
signal credit of this firm, out of all the thousands, amount- 
ing in value to hundreds of thousands of dollars, being 
ever taken back, sold under foreclosure, or made in any 
way the occasion of distressing a purchaser for payment. 
This remarkable feature was due not more to the consider- 
ateness and humanity wi:h which they conducted their 
business than to their plan of operating, which was to sell 
property on credit to those only in wliose integrity and 
energy they had confidence, and then to see the purchaser 
through adverse times, helping him to tide over temporary 
difficulties, a policy indeed equally beneficial to themselves, 
to the purchaser, and to the community at large; yet not 
on this account the less worthy of praise, since it requires 
exceptional qualities of head and heart to perceive self-in- 
terest in the interest of all. Between the two members of the 
firm the utmost confidence existed throughout their con 
nection, each buying property when and where he chose, 
the one not consulted having the privilege of taking a half 
interest in the purchase or not, at his pleasure. Mr. \'an 
Syckel, as might be inferred from what has been said, was 
distinguished alike for his integrity, his judgment, his 
knowledge of human nature, and his good feeling. He 
consciously wronged no man, seldom made a mistake in 
his estimate of the value of lands or merchandise, measured 
with unfailing accuracy the motives and abilities of all with 
whom he had business relations, and the honest .and indus- 
trious poor invariably found in him a safe counsellor and a 
sympathizing friend, his generous forbearance towards those 
struggling to secure a home, not to mention his more gen- 
erous aid, being gratefully remembered in many a happy 
family that but for him might now be plunged in misery. 
He never deceived, was rarely deceived himself, and the 
dew of his charity, like the rain of heaven, fell upon the 
just and the unjust. He was married, November 30th 
1816, to Mary Bird, of Hunterdon county, who died Sep 
tember lilh, 1863. Of their ten children, five only are 
now living, four sons and one daughter. His eldest son, 
Joseph, is President of the Clinton National Bank, and an 
esteemed citizen as well as an efficient officer. His second 
son, Sylvester, is a physician of Clinton, standing in the 
front rank of his profession. Bennett, his third son, is one 
of the Judges of the .Supreme Court of New Jersey, and is 
regarded as a lawyer and jurist of the first order. His 
youngest son, Chester, is a member of the Hunterdon 
ciunty bar, and bids fair to attain the highest prizes in the 



profession. His only daughter living is the wife of T. J. 
Hoffman, a prominent lawyer of Clinton. Mr. Van Syckel 
was through life a pronounced Democrat, and, considering 
his acknowledged abilities and his high standing among his 
fellow-citizens, it should perhaps be set down as one of his 
titles to distinction that he never either held or sought an 
office. He died, January 4lh, 1874, leaving, as the fruit 
of rare business qualifications and wise economy, a large 
fortune, which, having bequeathed a handsome fund for the 
endowment of the Bethlehem Baptist Church, he divided 
equally among his children. It is the memory of such as 
he that smells sweet and blossoms in the dust. 



X / 



HITE, COLONEL ANTHONY WALTON, 
Revolutionary Soldier, late of New Brunswick, 
New Jersey, was born in Virginia, in 1751. He 
received the following grades and appointments 
from 1775 to 17S0: Major and Aide-de-Camp to 
General Washington, October, 1775; Lieutenant- 
Colonel, Third Battalion, First Establishment, February 
9th, 1776, Lieutenant-CoUniel, 4th Regiment, Light Dra- 
goons, Continental Army, Feliruary 13th, 1777; Lieutenant- 
Colonel Commandant, 1st Regiment, Continental Army, 
December loth, 1779; and later. Colonel, Continental 
Army, with orders to assume command over all cavalry in 
the southern army. He commanded the cavalry also after 
the defeat at Monk's Corner, in April, 1780, and with the 
greater ])Ortion of his regiment was surprised and captured 
at Lannean's Ferry, on the ensuing May 6lh. For some 
time, from July 19th, 1798, he acted in the capacity of 
Brigadier-General of the provisional army. He died at 
New Brunswick, New Jersey, February loth, 1S03. 

C'lMll; ADDELL, REV. JAMES, D. D. (degree conferred 
by the Dickinson College, in 1792), eloquent 
Presbyterian divine, father-in-law of Rev. Archi- 
bald Alexander, D. D., late of Louisa county, 
Virginia, was born in Newry, Ireland, in July, 
1739. His parents emigrated with him to the 
United States during his infancy, and settled on White 
Clay creek, Pennsylvania. He was educated at the classi- 
cal school of Rev. Dr. Finley, in Nottingham, Maryland, 
and in that establishment at a very early age acted as as- 
sistant tutor. Subsequently he was engaged in teaching for 
a time at Pequea, Lancaster county, Pennsylvania. He was 
.also engaged as .assistant to President Smith, of the Hamp- 
den-Sidney College, and President S. S. Smith, of the New 
Jersey College, where he was very popular with the stu- 
dents, and admired also by the inhabitants of the town. 
He began the study of medicine, but having tiecn induced 
by the celebrated preacher, Rev. Samuel D.i-;es, to enter 



312 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 



llie ministry, he devoted himself to the study of theology, 
and in 1761 was licensed as a probationer at Tinkling 
Spring, Virginia, by the Presbytery of Hanover. He was 
ordained in June, 1762, and accepted a call from the 
churches of Lancaster and Northumberland, Pennsylvania, 
but resigned his charge in 1776, and removed to the valley 
of the Shenandoah. In 1785 he settled on a large estate, 
purchased by him in Louisa county, which he called " Hope- 
well," and preached in various churches in that region 
during the remaining twenty years of his life. Shortly after 
his last removal he became blind. His reputation as a 
preacher and pulpit-orator has become widespread through 
the well-known description of his preaching given by Wil- 
liam Wirt, early in the present century, in the volume entitled 
'■ The British Spy." Mr. Wirt heard him after he had 
become blind and paralytic, but says that " he exceeded all 
that he h.ad been able to conceive of the sublimity of Mas- 
sillon, or the force of Bourdalone." At his death he ordered 
all his manuscripts to be destroyed. He died in Louisa 
county, Virginia, September 17th, 1S05. 



./ 



aCHENOR, HON. ISAAC, LL.D., Judge, Gover- 
nor, late of Bennington, Vermont, was born in 
Newark, New Jersey, February 8th, 1754, and 
graduated from the New Jersey College in 1775. 
While studying law at Schenectady, New York, 
early in 1777, he was appointed Assistant Com. 
missary-General, and stationed at Burlington, New Jersey, 
where he entered upon the practice of his profession, and 
soon became prominent in public affairs as an able exponent 
of his political views, and as promoter or opposer of the 
measures and movements of those in power. From 1781 
to 17S4 he served as a Representative in Congress ; in 1782 
was the Agent of the State to Congress ; acted as a member 
of the State Council from 1787 to 1792; from 1791 to 1794 
held the position of Judge of the Supreme Court ; was 
Chief-Tustice in the years 1795 and 1796; a member of the 
Council of Censors in 1792 and in 1S13 ; Conirnissioner for 
adjusting the controversy with New York in 1791 ; Senator 
in 1795 and 1797 ; Governor from 1797 to 1S07, and from 
1S08 to 1S09; and again United States Senator from 1815 
to 1S21. He died at Bennington, Vermont, December nth, 
183S. 



G^, 



AMPBELL, E. L., Lawyer, of Trenton, was born 
February 2d, 1833, near Belvidere, Warren 
county. New Jersey. His parents were natives 
of New Hampshire. Reared partly on a farm and 
(^^'^ partly in Belvidere, he was educated at Lafayette 
^ College, Peiinsylv.iiiia, fiuin which he gradu- 
ated in 1855. After his graduation, he engaged in teaching 
at Belvidere, teaching successively in the Classical Academy 



and the Female Seminary of the town. In i860 he was 
admitted to the bar, and entered upon the practice of the 
law at Belvidere. But fate had ordained that his first laurels 
were not to be won in the forum. On the fall of Sumter in 
April, l86l,and the consequent call for 75,000 three months' 
troops, he immediately took an active interest in the raising 
of men. Finding that the only way to get anything done 
was to lead, he led accordingly, calling a public meeting on 
the l8th of April, and enlisting himself in advance not only 
of all the rest of the meeting, but of all the rest of the county. 
This was a kind of eloquence nobly adapted to the occasion, 
and not easily resisted, the result being that a company, 
with him as its Captain, was formed by the next night. 
His company was ordered to Trenton by Governor Olden 
on the 27th of April ; but, the brigade assigned to New 
Jersey being full, and overflowing to the extent of eleven 
companies, the greater number of the company returned to 
their homes, while he enlisted in Company D, of the 1st 
New Jersey (three years') Volunteers, then just ordered, 
serving successively for some days as private, corporal, and 
sergeant. Whilst thus engaged, he received from Governor 
Olden, unsolicited and unanticipated, authority to raise a 
three years' company, which he at once acted upon by re- 
organizing his first company, effecting the work so promptly 
that the company was mustered in on the 28th of M.Ty, 1861, 
being enrolled as Company E, of the 3d New Jersey Volun- 
teers. In less than a month afterwards his company, form- 
ing a part of the 1st Brigade, was at the front, receiving the 
baptism of fire and blood on the banks of the Chickahominy. 
Through this sanguinary campaign and the succeeding one, 
he served at the head of his company, and as Acting-Major 
of the regiment, until he received, on the battlefield of 
Chantilly, September 2d, 1862, a commission as Lieutenant- 
Colonel of the 15th New Jersey Volunteers ; when, with the 
view of joining his new regiment at Washington, he ten- 
dered the resignation of his Captaincy, which, however, 
the corps commander refused to accept until the operations 
of the command became less active. After the battle of 
Antietam, in which he was wounded in the head, his resig- 
nation was accepted, and, September 27th, 1S62, he joined 
his regiment at Washington, already on its way to the front. 
He served as Lieutenant-Colonel of the 15th — assigned to 
the 1st Brigade, containing his old regiment, the 3d — until 
the 1 6th of February, 1865, when he was commissioned as 
Colonel of the 4th New Jersey Volunteers, having previously 
been brevelted Colonel from the 19th of October, 1864, for 
" conspicuous gallantry " in the battle of Cedar Creek. In 
this battle he was severely wounded, the incident bringing 
into strong relief not merely his coolness, but the devotion 
of his men. " During the action," says Foster, " Colonel 
Campbell w.as struck by a bullet which shattered his left 
arm, but he kept command until the greatest danger was 
over, when, weak from the loss of blood, he was forced to 
mount an orderly's horse and leave the field. The word 
flew along the line, ' Colonel Campbell is wounded,' and 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.F.DIA. 



313 



even in the excitement of the hour the men turned frnm the 
ol)scrvation of the enemy to follow him with their eyes. 
As he rode away he lilted his uninjured hand and motioned 
to them, which they interpreted to mean, ' Hold on.'" In 
Fehruary, 1865, while still suft'ering from this wound, he 
was ordered by General Meade to join his staff as Judge- 
Advocate-General of tlie Army of the Potomac, a position 
which he filled until the army was mustered out of service, 
when he rejoined his regiment, mustered out on the 12th of 
July, 1S65, and conducted it home. His military record, 
as may be seen, is thoroughly a fighting one. He was a 
fighting soldier, and commanded a fighting regiment in a 
fighting brigade, which latter indeed he also commanded in 
many memorable engagements, including particularly Sheri- 
dan's immortal battles in the Valley, being in fact brevetted 
Brigadier-General, April 9th, 1S65, for "gallant and meri- 
torious services." To him at least war was a reality, as 
will be readily acknowledged by those who learn, that, out 
of the one hundred and fifty or one hundred and eighty 
original oflficers in his brigade, he was the only one left with 
the body so early as October, in 1S64. He served in the 
Army of the Potomac, at the front, throughout the war, from 
Bull Run to Appomattox; never missing a battle, and, with 
a single exception, never missing a skirmish ; never being 
absent from the front but eight or ten days each winter 
when well, and never so much as three months altogether, 
even when wounded ; and, what perhaps is most remarka- 
ble, never asking a promotion or encouraging a friend to 
ask it for him. Evidently he went into the army to fight. 
And certainly he took the right way to get fighting to do. 
He chose his comrades shrewdly. Of the ist Brigade, to 
which his regiment belonged, and which he commanded on 
many a famous field, Foster, in his history of '• New Jersey 
and the Rebellion," thus speaks: "But the memory of this 
scarred and storied command still remains. On a score of 
fields it had exhibited the rarest heroism. In discipline, in 
sturdy, faultless courage, in unwavering and sublime devo- 
tion, 'it justified, down to the latest field, the high expecta- 
tions of that knightly soldier who made it what it was. 
Tried in many a fierce and pitiless fire, it had never faltered. 
Exposed, sometimes, to peculiar hardships, thinned by 
disease, weakened by heavy loss, it never for an hour lost 
its faith in the cause. The hospital devoured and the trench 
swallowed up many of its bravest and best, but the 1st 
Brig.ade, even when but a remnant of its strength remained, 
was still undaunted. No danger appalled, no privation 
dismayed, no losses disheartened the veterans who with a 
lofty pride fought and died for Freedom's sake. When at 
last, with torn standards and lean ranks, it marched from 
the field, where it had helped to achieve an honorable peace, 
it was welcomed home with right royal greeting; the people 
hailing it with glad acclaim, and with it rejoicing that the 
sound of war had ceased from the land. To-day, scattered 
in all the walks of life, those of its members who yet survive 
perform the old duties and bear the old burdens, familiar 
40 



before they ever marched a field ; but their proudest boast is 
that theyonce fought with Kearney and the grand old Army of 
the Potomac, for the ll.ag which to him and to them was dearer 
than all things else." Of his regiment the same historian says: 
" In all the qualities of courage, endurance, and devotion to 
duty, this was among the foremost of New Jersey regiments ; 
to have fought in its ranks on the ghastly fields where it won 
celebrity may well be counted an honor at once lustrous and 
imperishable." And, finally, this historian says of the man 
himself: "Lieutenant-Colonel Edward Campbell had come 
out of the battle of McClellan's Maryland campaign with 
honor, and joined the 15th Regiment on the march to 
Bakersville. Here, upon the sickness of Colonel Fowler, 
he took command, which he held during most of the time 
the regiment was in the service, leading it in nearly every 
great battle in which it participated. One who served with 
the regiment .says, ' If the 15th ever performed any efficient 
service for the country, or by its conduct reflected any honor 
upon New Jersey, it was due more to Edward L. Campbell 
than any other man. His bravery, integrity, capacity, and 
diligence, stamped the regiment with a character whose 
value was known in many critical junctures and hard-fought 
battles.' " The records show that his command suffered 
more than any other New Jersey regiment in the field. At 
the close of the war he returned to Belvidere, and renewed 
his practice, but was compelled to leave it off in the course 
of two or three months, in consequence of his impaired 
h-alth. About this time Governor Ward sent for him to 
take charge of the State Military Agency at Trenton, a trust 
which he at first declined, but, on the Governor's insisting, 
ccepted, believing that the business could be soon closed 
u 1. It, however, engaged him for two years; at the end 
of which time, his health meanwhile having gradually re- 
covered, he returned to his profession, and was presently 
fully engaged in successful practice. He is now the City 
Solicitor of Trenton. 



fl^'i FADING, JAMES NEWELL, Judge, was born 
in Flemington, Hunterdon county. New Jersey, 
August Sth, 1808, his father being Joseph Read- 
ing, a farmer. His first studies were pursued in 
a common school and then a grammar school, 
after which he entered Princeton College, in the 
junior class, in 1827, and graduated in 1829. He then 
studied law with Governor .S. L. Southard, in Trenton, and 
was .admitted to the bar of New Jersey in 1832. He prac- 
tised law in his native town from th.at time until 1850. He 
as married February loth, 1835, to .Sarah C. A. Southard, 
niece of the Governor. For fifteen years he was Prosecut- 
ing Attorney for Hunterdon county. In 1850 he went to 
Jefferson county, Missouri, and was there as President of a 
lead mining company fur two years. He then returned to 
New Jersey, settled up his private business and pioved to. 



314 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENXYCLOP.EDIA. 



Morris, Illinois, where he now resiclei. He was led to the 
place by the opportunities it presented for engaging in land 
business, which he had observed on his way to Missouri. 
His voice had nearly failed him, and he followed his pro- 
fession only partially, saving his voice thereby and ulli- 
mately recovering it fully, when he again resumed his 
practice in full. He engaged at once in a land business, 
and continues in it to this day. In 1S65 he was elected 
County Judge of Grundy county, which position he has held 
for ten years. He w-as also a member of the Legislature 
from the same county for one term, and for a period Clerk 
of the Circuit Court in the county. During his residence 
in New Jersey he was at one time Colonel of a regiment of 
militia. From 1869 to 1871 he resided in Chicago and 
practised law with Judge Wallace, after which he returned 
to Morris. The Judge is a gentleman very generally re- 
spected in his county, and highly esteemed for his worth of 
character. 



'ILLYER, REV. ASA, D. D., Prominent Presby 
terian Clergyman, late of Orange, New Jersey, 
was born in Sheffield, Massachusetts, April 6lh, 
1763, and graduated at Yale College in 1786. 
September 29th, 1789, he was ordained at Bottle 
Hill, New Jersey, and in 1837 sided with the New 

School, whose views concerning various religious tenets and 

observances met with his approval. His degree of D. D. 

was conferred on him by the Allegheny College in iSlS. 

He died in New York, August 28th, 1S40. 



L-LEAN, REV. DANIEL VERCH, D. D., Presby- 
terian Clergyman and Author, late of Red Bank, 
New Jersey, was born in iSoi. For several years 
he performed the duties of the pastorate of the 
Old Tennent Church, Freehold, New Jersey, and 
from 1854 to 1864 was President of Lafayette 
College, Easlon, Pennsylvania. Up to the i.ne of his de- 
cease, after his withdrawal from Easton, he presided as 
pastor over a church at Red Bank, New Jersey, where he 
died, November 2_3d, 1869. 



ACLEAN, JOHN, M. D., Chemist, Physician, 
Scientist, Author, late of Princeton, New Jersey, 
was born m Gl.asgnw, Scotland, in March, 177 1, 
and was the son of an eminent Scotch scholar and 
surgeon. After studying in various cities, he com- 
menced the practice of surgery at his native city 
in 1791. In 1795 he came to the United States, and was 
Appointed Professor of Chemistry and Natural History in the 



College of New Jersey, and subsequently of Natural Philoso- 
phy and Mathematics, which position he resigned, however, 
in 1812, having been appointed Professor of Natural Philoso- 
phy and Clieinislry in William and Maiy College. His 
principal publication was " Lectures on Combustion ; " 
while his vario.us papers bearing upon the controversy wflh 
Or. Priestley, and published in the " New York Medical 
Repositoi-y," attracted much attention, and elicited favoralile 
criticism from those interested in the discus-sion. He diod 
at Princeton, New Jersey, in February, 1814. 



lERSON, HON. IS.\AC, M. D., Prominent Physi- 
cian, late of Orange, New Jersey, was born in 
New Jersey, August 15th, 1770, and was edu- 
cated at Princeton College, where he graduated ill 
17S9. Subsequently he became a Fellow of the 
College of Physicians and Surgeons of New York. 
During a period extending over forty years he was actively 
engaged in professional labors as a medical practitioner, ami 
won honorable distinction through the many successes at- 
tending his conduct of cases of a very critical and perplex- 
ing nature. Besides attending to his duties as a physician, 
he always evinced a warm interest in the current political 
questions and movements, and was earnest m his advocacy 
of those measures which seeni£d to liim liest fitted to ad- 
vance the welfare of his State and the leading interests of 
his fellow-citizens. From 1827 to 1 83 1 he was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress from his native Stale. He died in 
New Jersey, September 22d, 1833. 



LEXANDER, REV. JOSEPH ADDISON, D. D., 
Learned Divine and Author, son of Dr. Archibald 
Alexander, and brother of Dr. James Waddell 
Alexander, late of Princeton, New Jersey, ^vas 
_.— C? born in Philadelphia, April 24th, 1809, and grad- 
uated from the New Jersey College in 1826. 
From 1S30 to 1833 he served as Adjunct Professor of An- 
cient Languages and Literature in his Alma Maler ; and 
from 1838 to 1852 was Professor of Biblical Criticism and 
Ecclesiastical History at Princeton Theological Seminary. 
He was subsequently transferred to the Chair of Biblical 
and Ecclesiastical Historj', which he held until the time of 
his decease, performing its responsible duties with vigor and 
rare ability. The degree of D. D. was conferred on him 
by the Marshall College, Pennsylvania. He published : 
" A Translation of and Commentary on the Psalms," three 
vols.; "A Critical Commentary on the Prophecies of 
Isaiah," and an abridgment of the same; a volume on 
primitive church government, and numerous excellent 
essays in the " Biblical Repertory " and " Princeton Re 





-v/ 





Wl-^^'t 




VA 




BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 



'5 



view." He also aided Dr. Ilodge in the preparation of a 
Commentary Jn the Kew Testament. He was a linguist 
of unusual powers, and the possessor of a large and valua 
ble store of philological learning. In the " Memoir," pub- 
lished by II. C. Alexander in 1869, is presented an interest 
ing account of him and his labors in various fields, as 
educator, writer and professor. He died at Princeton, 
New Jersey, where he was universally respected and ad 
mired for his many gifts and acquirements, January 28th, 
i860. 



•LEMING, CHARLES E., Lieutenant-Commander 
United States Navy, was born in New Jersey, and 
in January, 1835, was appointed fiom New York. 
In 1S62 he received his commission as Lieutenant 
Commander. His total sea-service extended over 
a period of about nineteen years. He com- 
manded the gun boat " Sagamore,' in the Gulf Squadron, 
during the late war, and subsequently the " Penobscot." 
At the time of his death, at Mount Holly, New Jersey, in 
the fifty-second year of his age, he was unemployed. 



LEXANDER, REV. ARCHIBALD, D. D. (con- 
ferred by the New Jersey College, i8io), Presby- 
terian Divine, Itinerant Missionary, Professor of 
Theology, Author, late of Princeton, New Jersey, 
was born in Rockbridge county, Virginia, April 
17th, 1772. His grandfather, Archibald Alexan- 
der, came from Ireland to Pennsylvania in 1736, and about 
1738 settled in Virginia. At the age of ten years he was 
sent to the academy of Rev. William Graham, at Timber 
Ridge meeting-house. At the expiration of six or seven 
years from this time he assumed the duties of tutor in the 
family of General John Posey. Subsequently he entered 
upon a course of theological studies, was licensed to preach 
October 1st, 1791, and during the ensuing seven years la- 
bored zealously as an itinerant missionary in his native 
State. Succeeding Dr. Smith in the Presidency of Hamp 
den-Sidney College in 1796, he finally resigned that office 
and also his pastoral charge in iSoi. In the following year 
he resumed his position at HampdenSidney College, but 
owing to the insubordination and refractory spirit of the 
students under his charge, accepted a call from the Pine 
Street Church, Philadelphia, where he was installed p.astor. 
May 20th, 1S07. From 181 1 until the period of his de- 
cease, he presided as Professor of the Theological .Seminary 
at Princeton, New Jersey. He was the author of " Out- 
lines of the Evidences of Christianity," published in 1S23, 
" Treatise on the Canon of the Old and New Testaments," 
published in 1826; " Counsels of the Aged to the Young," 
published in 1833; " Lives of the Patriarchs," published in 



I 1S3S ; " Essays on Religious Experience," pul)li-,hed m 
1840, "History of the Log College," published in 1846; 
" History of the Israelitisli Nation," published in 1S52, and 
" Moral Science," in the course of the same year. He pub- 
lished also a memoir of his old instructor, Rev. William 
Gtaham, "History of the Presbyterian Church in \ir- 
ginia; " and many biographical sketches of eminent Ameri- 
can clergymen and alumni of the College of New Jersey, and 
contributed to the " Biblical Repertory," and other penmli- 
cals of a literary and religious character. At his demise he 
left a number of manuscript works, which will prubably be 
published at no distant date. His son. Rev. James Wad- 
deli Alexander, D. D., a distinguished Presbyterian clergy- 
man and author, published his "Life" m New York in 
1854. He died at Princeton, New Jersey, October 22d, 
185 1, after a career of eminent usefulness, and jnous and 
scholarly labors. 

0J% V 
'°-^^>«' ROES, JOHN, D. D., Bishop of the Prolestnnt 
Episcopal Church in New Jersey, late of New 
Brunswick, was born in Elizabethlown, New Jcr 
sey, of parents who had emigrated from Ger 
many, June 1st, 1762. His father intended to 
instruct him in some mechanical employment, but 
noting his early and precocious fondness for stutly and rend- 
ing, gave hmi finally the option of learning a trade or pro- 
curing an education by means of his own exertions. He 
unhesitatingly chose the latter alternative, but his endeavois 
in this respect were, for a considerable time, retarded by 
the war of the revolution. Three or four years subsequently 
he was called upon to take up arms in the cause of his 
country, and he continued engaged in martial pursuits, wiih 
occasional intervals of rest, until the peace in 17S2. He 
then resumed his studies with increased interest, and with 
that diligence and energy which marked his course through 
life continued his eflorts towards the speedy acquisition of 
a thorough and liberal education. By tireless perseverance 
he rapidly acquired a good knowledge of the Latin and 
Greek languages, at the same time laying the f jundation of 
an unusually accurate knowledge of the English tongue and 
Its higher lileralure. Having made these acquisitions, lie 
undertook the business of instruction, thereby riveting more 
firmly the knowledge he had gained, and procuring the 
means of supporting himself while studying divinity. In 
1790 he was ordained Deacon, and in 1792 Priest, by 
Bishop White. The first years of his ministry he .spent in 
.Swedesborough in connection with the church of that place, 
but in 1801 he received an invitation from Christ Church, 
New Brunswick, and St. Peter's Church, Spotswood, to 
become their pastor, and at the same time was elected Prin- 
cip.al of the academy m New Brunswick. In 1808 he re- 
signed the charge of the academy, having previously resigned 
that of the church at Spotswood, and devoted himself solely 
to the church in New Brunswick. In 1815 he was elected, 



3i6 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.^iDIA. 



by the convention of the church in Connecticut, Bishop of] shows no signs of decline, a strong testimony to the ability 



that diocese, but this ap])Ouitment he declined. In the 
same year he was chosen Bishop in his own State, and was 
consecrated to that oflice in Nuvemljer. In this responsible 
station his industry, ability, and real were abundantly mani- 
fested. Almost every year he visited all the churches in 
the diocese, and by his judicious management of the mis- 
sionary fund, assisted importantly in resuscitating several 
olj and decayed congregations, and in establishing several 
new ones. He was a self-made man, humanly speaUing, 
an<l to himself alone was he indebted for his solid and 
brilliant attainments, and a reputation lustrous and free from 
st.ain or blemish. Industry, energy, a mind never darkened 
by despondency, and an unswerving uprightness, were his 
distinguishing characteristics. His sermons, charges and 
addresses always bore the stamp of earnest piety, sincere 
meditation, and a rare and genial reliance on the beneficent 
rulings of an inscrutable Providence; while, as a writer, his 
style wis pointed, logical and direct. He died at his resi- 
dence in New Brunswick, July 30lh, 1S32. 



'REVLING, AD.VM W'., Merchant, was bom near 
Washington, Warren county, New Jersey, De- 
cember 4th, 1S26. His father, Samuel Crevling, 
was a farmer in Warren county. The family were 
among the early Geraian settlers of New Jersey. 
Adam was educated in the public schools, and at 
the aofe of fourteen began his mercantile career as clerk in a 
store at Asbury, New Jersey, after which he engaged in the 
same capacity at Washington, and then at Oxford, subse- 
quently returning to Washington, where he continued as 
clerk only one year longer, when, in 1848, he set up busi- 
ness on his own account, and has prosecuted it ever since 
with steadily increasing success, until it is now probably one 
of the largest retail businesses of the kind in New Jersey, 
his yearly sales amounting to from 8150,000 to §200,000. 
In the work of building up and conducting this vast busi- 
ness he has had successively a number of partners. The 
health and vigor of the main stem may be seen in its flour- 
ishing offshoots. Mr. Crevling devotes his entire time to 
his special business, with such ramifications as it has made 
into real-estate and building operations, which of late years 
have in fact diverted a considerable portion of his energy 
and capital, though in these, as in the principal channel of his 
business, prosperity has waited on his ventures. He is a 
Republican in politics, but, whilst keenly alive to his duties 
as a citizen, takes little interest in theordinary strife of parties. 
He IS a member of the Presbyterian church, in which he is 
conspicuous for his activity and zeal. He was married in 
1848 to I^. A. Bodine, of Warren county. His eldest son 
is at present associated with him in his business, which, ex- 
tensive as it is, and unpiopitious as the times have long been, 



and character of its experienced head. 



i BBETT, HON. LEON, of Jei-sey City, Lawyer and 
Statesman, was born in Philadelphia, October Sth, 
1836, ills birthplace being within a hundred yards 
of the old tree under which William Penn made 
his treaty wuh the Indians, known in history and 
tradition as the "Treaty Tree." His great- 
Trandfather, born in 1730, a Quaker and a farmer, emigrated 
when a young man to Pennsylvania, and settled in the 
vicinity of Pliiladelphia, where he and his descendants 
lived as farmers until 1830, when the latter began to dis- 
perse, the father of the subject of this sketch removing to 
Philadelphia. Although a man in moderate circumstances, 
he gave a liberal education to his son, Leon, who, after a 
term at one of the common schools, graduated in 1 853, as 
Bachelor of Ails, at the High School of Philadelphia, and 
in 185S received the degree of Master of Arts. Immedi- 
ately following his gr.aduation he entered the law office of 
the Hon. John W. Ashmead, then United States District 
Attorney for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, where he 
remained until of .age, when he opened a law office of his 
own. Having practised a year in Philadelphia, he removed 
to New York, where, though he had powerful competi- 
tors around and before him, and no friends at his back, he 
advanced so rapidly in his practice that it soon grew too 
great for his management single-handed, and he formed a 
partnership with the distinguished patent and admiralty law- 
yer, Wm. J. A. Fuller, the firm of Abbett & Fuller at once 
taking rank among the first law establishments of the metro- 
politan city. Their practice has become immense, and is 
steadily increasing from year to year. On the Sth of Octo- 
ber, 1862, the anniversary of his birth, he was married to a 
young lady of Philadelphia, signalizing the event by trans- 
ferring his residence from New York to Hoboken, thereby 
becoming a citizen of New Jersey, and involuntarily draw- 
ing down on himself the necessity of a political career. 
Being a Democrat, strict and staunch, and a popuLar 
speaker of great spirit and effectiveness, the Hoboken De- 
mocracy, rejoicing in his steadfa.stness and his eloquence, 
pressed him early into their service, and in 1864 elected him 
to the Assembly, in which he represented Hoboken for two 
consecutive terms, making, during the first term, a singularly 
able and judicious speech on the Thirteenth Amendment, 
which attracted wide attention, extorting the admiration even 
of his political opponents. During both terms his Demo 
cratic colleagues showed their high appreciation of his 
ability by recognizing him as their leader. Besides repre- 
senting Hoboken in the Assembly, he served it as Corpora- 
tion Counsel for three )-ears, resigning in lS6S,the Common 
Council of the city adopting on the occasion resolutions 
warmly acknowledging his services and regretting their 



BIOGRAnilCAL ENXVCLOr-EDIA. ,,. 

termination. He was also Corporation Attorney for the • with an aliility and fervor that emlearei! him anew to the 
town of Union over two years, when his increasing hnsiness ! Democracy of the State. His services as a le-islator have 
constrained him to resign, though he is still retained by the j been important as well as conspicuous, and call hardly be 
township in all its more important cases, as he is by Holio- j said to have ended with his mendjership, seein" that his 
ken. He is now the Corporaiion Counsel for liayonne, having abilities and influence, since the expiration' of his meniber- 
hel.l the office since Bayonne became a city. In April, ship, have been exerted with marked effect in promoting 
1S76, he was appointed Corporation Counsel by the Boaid ! good legislation and opposing bad. The general corpora^ 

"""■" "^ ' " '"' "■' ' ' ' 'ion act of 1875, "le most liberal in the United States, was 

drawn by him, and passed under the pressure of his in- 
fluence, as was the act of 1876 to increase railroad taxation ; 
while Jersey City, his present home, owes it chiefly to him 
that she has not suffered still greater evils from the partisan 
charter, which probably would never have become a law if 
his energetic and unsleeping opposition could have been 
made within the Legislature instead of without. He is a 
popular orator of uncommon force and fire, a debater of 
large resources and practised skill, and a political leader of 
consummate sagacity and unquailing spirit. From the 
opening of the McClellan campaign in 1864 to the present 
lime he has done distinguished and brilliant service on 
the stump in every national and local field that has been 
fought. In person he is below the medium height, but of a 
solid, well knit frame, surmounted by a head and neck of 
classical proportions. The physique proclaims the man. 
He was elected to the Senate from Hudson county in 1874 
by a majority of 5,000. The Democracy being in a majority 
in 1877, he was chosen President of the Senate, which office 
he now holds, and fills with marked ability and discretion. 



of Finance and Taxation of Jersey City, whither he had 
moved on the expiration of his second term as Representa- 
tive of Holioken in the Assembly. He was Chairman of 
the Democratic State Convention which met at Trenton in 
1868 to nominate presidential electors and a governor, and 
acquitted himself as a presiding officer with signal distinc- 
tion, insomuch that the dispersing delegates bore his name 
and praise to all quarters of the State, preparing the Demo- 
cr.ats of the Assembly, when he next appeared in that body, 
which he did in 1869, as the Representative of the First 
District of Hudson, to nominate him for the office of 
Speaker by acclamation, as they did, renewing the honor in 
1870 with additional emphasis, in attestation of the com- 
pleteness with which he had met their expectations, a tribute 
crowned, it should be added, by the consenting eulogies of 
the press without respect to party. On taking his seat at 
this election he delivered a speech memorable for its bold 
and sagacious views on taxation, contending that the pros- 
perity of New Jersey depends principally on tlie attraction 
of capital, and not hesitating to suggest that the State, like 
England and France, should impose no tax on personal 
property invested in manufactures and shipping, or on 
money at interest. New Jersey has not yet come up to this 
advanced position, but there are statesmen of rank who hold 
with Mr. Abbett that it is the true position, and that the 
legislation of the State should move in the direction of it. 
At all events the suggestion of the policy illustrates the 
strength and independence of his Character. The same 
traits find an illustration equally apt in his views on the sub- 
ject of naturalization, which pass beyond, not merely the 
general opinion, but the opinion of his own party, liberal as 
that is, going to the length of abolishing the present system 
altogether, and requiring a simple oath of allegiance as the 
condition of naturalization. It is unnecessary to say that 
the existing rights and privileges of the adopted citizen have 
in him a fearless and thorough-going defender. In 1869 
he was unanimously elected the successor of Judge Ran- 
dolph as President of the Board of Education, holding the 
place until the reorganization of the board. He was in 
1872 a Delegate at large to the Democratic National Con 
vention at Baltimore, and one of the Secretaries of the body, 
in which he voted for Senator Bayard, and against Mr. 
Greeley, whose nomination he believed would be vivifying 
to the Republicans, but suicidal for the Democracy. He 
again, in 1S76, was Delegate at large to the Democratic 
National Convention at St. Louis, and Chairman of the 
New Jersey delegation, which he led for Parker, whose 
claims he had previously advocated in the State convention 



TO.NE, HON. J. HEXRY, Lawyer and ex-Slate 
Senator, of Rahway, New Jersey, was born in that 
place, November igih, 1S35. He was educated at 
Rutgers College. Selecting the legal profession, 
he began his studies therefor under the direction 
of Hon. Cortlandt Parker, of Newark, and was 
admitted to practise in November, 1S59. He formed a 
copartnership with Mr. John P. Jackson, under the style of 
Stone & Jackson. The office of the firm is in Newark, and 
he still continues the senior partner therein. A public- 
spirited man, he has been called upon to occupy many posi- 
tions of trust and responsibility. He is a Director in the 
Rahway Gas Company and the Rahway Savings Institution. 
In the administration of public affairs he has borne a promi- 
nent part. He has been a member of the Rahway Com- 
mon Council, and served the community ably and faithfully 
for two years as Mayor of the city. For several years he 
has been attorney for Rahway. He was elected to the 
State Senate from Union county in the fall of 1872 on the 
Republican ticket, reversing the result of the previous 
Senatorial election, in which the county had gone Demo- 
cratic, and polling a large vote. In the session of 1874 he 
was Chairman of the Committees on Judiciary, Banks and 
Insurance, Fisheries, and Soldiers' Home, and a member 



3i8 



BIOGRAPHICAL EXCVCLOPyEDIA. 



of that on Education. Although an earnest Republican, he 
is by no means a mere partisan, his course being always 
dictated by a desire to promote the best interests of the 
people. ♦ 

V ~^^ 

^'^ORMAN, GENERAL DAVID, Revolutionary 
Patriot, late of New Jersey, was born near En- 
glislitown, in this State. During the progress of 
the contest with Great Britain he was distinguished 
as an intrepid and able supporter of American 
rights and measures, and exercised over his fellow- 
citizens, and in a manner productive of the most beneficial 
and desirable results, the powerful influence acquired by 
him at an early date. At the memorable battle of German- 
town he commanded the Jersey troops, and at all times pos- 
sessed in a high degree the confidence and esteem of Wash- 
ington. He subsequently filled the position of Judge of the 
County Court, and for some time acted as a member of the 
Council of State. In person he was impressive and com- 
manding, and, possessing a fearless disposition and a will 
firm almost to stubbornness, was as a check and a constant 
terror to the wood-robbers and tories, toward whom he exer- 
cised a severity and harshness that could be justified only by 
the perils environing the loyal and honest, and the troublous 
circumstances surrounding the earnest efforts of a sorely- 
tried State and government. " Wo to the guilty culprits 
■who fell in his power; without waiting for superfluous cer- 
emony the gallows was generally their fate." His complexion 
was dark and swarthy, and such was the aversion and whole- 
some fear he inspired in the minds of the spy and footpad that 
he acquired the name of " Black David," and sometimes 
" Devil David,'' " in contradistinction to David Forman, 
the Sheriff." Throughout his long life and varied career 
he was a shrewd and loyal observer of all passing events 
touching upon the interests of his fellow-citizens and the 
growing institutions of his country, and a prompt and effi- 
cient mover wherever and whenever he deemed his counsel 
or his services needed and desired. In the " New Jersey 
Historical Collections" is paid him, and justly, a high and 
enviable compliment : " Were it not for his exertions the 
county would have suffered far more from its intestine ene- 
mies." He died about 1S12. 



^LEX.\NDER, REV. JAMES WADDELL, D.D., 
an eloquent Presbyterian Clergjman, Author, 
Editor, Professor of Rhetoric and Belles-lettres, 
late of Virginia Springs, was bom near Gordons- 
ville, Louisa county, Virginia, March 13th, 1804, 
and graduated from the New Jersey College in 
1S20. He was the eldest son of Rev. Archibald Alexander, 
D. D., also an eminent Presbyterian divine, and writer on 



religious and church subjects. From 1825 to 1S27 he was 
a minister in Charlotte county, Virginia; from 1 829 to 1832 
ofiiciated as pastor in the church at Trenton, New Jersey ; 
and from 1844 to 1S51 presided over the Duane Street 
Church, New York. Subsequently he was elected pastor of 
the Fifth Avenue Church. From 1830 to 1833 he filled the 
position of editor of the Preshyterian, a church organ pub- 
lished in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; in 1833-1S34 was 
Professor of Rhetoric and Belles-lettres in the New Jersey 
College; and from 184910 1851 Professor of Ecclesiastical 
Histoiy and Church Government in the Theological Semi- 
nary, Princeton, New Jersey. The degree of D. D. was 
conferred on him by Lafayette College, Pennsylvania, in 
1S43, and by Harvard College in 1854. He published a 
volume of sermons entitled " Consolation ; " " Thoughts on 
Family W'orship;" "The American Mechanic and Woik- 
ingman ; " a biography of his father. Dr. Archibald Alexan- 
der; "Discourses on Christian Faith and Practice," 1858; 
a volume of " Sacramental Discourses ; " " Gift to the Af- 
flicted ; " " Geography of the Bible ; " " Plain Words to a 
Young Communicant ; " and " The American Sumlay 
School and its Adjuncts ; " also numerous contributions to 
T/ie Biblical Ri'periory and Princeton Rniie^ti^ and several 
of the publications of the American Tract Society. He 
wrote for The Literary World over the signature of " Cas- 
sariensis." After his decease two volumes of his leltere 
and remains were edited and published by Dr. Hall, of 
Trenton, New Jersey, a man of excellent repute and fine 
scholarly attainments. He was a preacher of persuasive 
powei^, of fervent piety, and tireless in his self-accepted 
task of Christian enlightenment and moral teaching. He 
died at the Virginia Springs, July 31st, 1S59. 



E HART, COLONEL WILLIAM, Officer in the 
Revolutionary army. Lawyer, late of Morristown, 
New Jersey, was bom in Elizabethtown, New 
Jersey, December 7th, 1746, and was the son of 
Dr. Matthias De Hart. Before the outbreak of 
the contest between the colonists and Great 
Britain he Was actively engaged in professional labors as a 
legal practitioner, but relinquished his vocation at the ap- 
proach of open hostilities. November 7th, 1/75, ^^ f^" 
ceived the a[>pointment of Major in the 1st New Jersey 
Batter)', and in the course of the ensuing year was promoted 
to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel. September 6th, 17S0, 
he again received a Lieutenant-Colonelcy in the 2d Regi- 
ment, Continental army. Before the close of the war he 
resigned his commission, and in Morristown, New Jersey, 
resumed the profession of the law. He was a leading mem- 
ber of the bar where he practised, and was noted for his 
brilliant sallies of wit and humor, which seemed ever ready 
to flash forth at an instant's warning, and at the slightest 



BIOGRArillCAL EN'CYCLOr.EDIA. 



319 



provocation. In 1779 he acteil as President of tlie St. Tarn 
many Society. Two of his L)i others, also, were eflicient 
partisans of llie patriot cause, one of theni having been aide 
to General Wayne before he was killed at Fort Lee, in 
17S0. lie died at Morristowii, New Jersey, June i6lh, 1801. 



fRENEAU, PHILIP, distinguished Poet and Jour- 
nalist of the revolutionary period, late of Mon- 
mouth, New Jersey, was born in New York city, 
January 2d, 1752, and graduated from the New 
Jersey College in 1771. His grandfather, Andrew 
Freneau, was a merchant of New York; and Peter 
Freneau, his father, was a dealer in wines and liquors. The 
family was of French Huguenot extraction. He was edu- 
cated at Nassau Hall, New Jersey, where James Madison 
was his room-mate and intimate personal friend. While 
still in his boyhood he exhibited considerable satirical 
power and facility in versification, and when at college 
wrote "The Poetical History of the Prophet Jonah," in 
f.iur cantos. He intended originally to apply himself to 
the study, and ultimately practice, of law, but afterward 
changed his purpose and eng.iged in a seafaring life; and 
in 1776 went, in a mercantile capacity, to the West Indies 
where he remained for some time. During the contest with 
Great Britain his pen was constantly launching forth its 
tirades of sarcasm and invective against the blind policy 
and tyrannous measures of the mother country, and his 
political burlesques in prose .and verse were extensively cir- 
culated and relished. " .Some of his verses, desci-iptive of 
memorable events on land and sea, are genuine specimens 
of the national ballad." In 17S0, while on his way again 
to the West Indies, he was captured by a British cruiser, 
:in<\ subjected to a long and cruel confinement on board the 
prison-ship ** Scorpion." This term of intolerable captivity, 
whose torments and privations were heightened by an un- 
called-for harshness and severity on the part of his jailers 
and the superior officers in command, he ha.s commemo- 
rated in his poem, " The British Prison-ship." On his 
relea.se he became a frequent contributor of patriotic verses 
to T/ie Freeman's ymiiiial, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 
But from this pecuniarily profitless occupation finally he 
turned to mercantile affairs, and made several voyages to 
the West Indies. For several years after the conclusion of 
the war he was employed alternately also as newspaper 
editor and sea-captain. In 1791 he assumed the editorial 
duties of the New York Daily Advertiser. Upon the es- 
tablishment of the Federal government at Philadelphia, he 
was appointed French translator in the Department of 
State, under Jefferson, and at the same time became editor 
of the National Gazette, of Philadelphia, which was made 
the vehicle of bitter and incessant attacks upon the policy 
and administration of Washington. It is not positively 



known, however, that he is responsible for all the articles 
on this subject ; and, according to his own statement, the 
most severe and caustic of the series were written or dic- 
tated by Thomas Jefferson, In October, 1793, the Kalional 
Gazette was discon "•■ ed, and retiring to New Jersey \n 
the course of this year he started, iVIay 2d, 1795, ^' Mount 
Pleasant (near Middletown Point), The yersey Chtoniclc, 
which lived for aliout twelve months. While residing 
there he also printed an edition of his poems. .Subse- 
quently, after editing for a year, in 1797, and at New York, 
The Timepiece and Literary Companion, a journal devoted 
to belles-lettres and general news, he resumed his former 
employment as master of a merchant vessel. The second 
war with Great Britain reanimated his slumbering muse, 
and in pungent and stirring verse he chronicled the suc- 
cesses of his countr)'men and satirized the defeats and vic- 
tories alike of his old adversaries and persecutors. The 
remainder of his life was spent in retirement at his re->i- 
dence in New Jersey, with frequent visits to Philadelphia 
and New York, where his acquaintance with eminent 
statesmen and literary characters was very extensive. He 
enjoyed the friendship of Adams, Franklin, Jefferson, 
Madison and Monroe, and for a long time was in constant 
correspondence with the last three celebrities. He lost 
his life by exposure and cold, while going on foot in the 
night, during a heavy snow-storm, to his residence, near 
Freehold. " His productions animated his countrymen in 
the darkest days of '76, and cheered the desponding soldier 
as he fought the battles of freedom." Although compara- 
tively unknown to the present generation of readers, he 
was a true poet, and an able writer of essays and political 
articles. His poems embrace all the popular forms of com- 
position, and exhibit not.able excellency in fluent versifi- 
cation. His humor is finely illustrated in his numerous 
satirical poems, and in the political squibs and lampoons 
which he produced with remarkable facility. Campbell 
and Scott borrowed from him with no sparing hands, while 
Jeffrey predicted that the time would come when his poetry, 
like " Hudibras," would "command a commentator like 
Grey." Many of his smaller poems possess great elegance 
of diction, and in the preceding half century were much 
admired and eulogized by both the critical few and the 
mass of general readers. His patriotic songs and ballads 
were everywhere sung with enthusiasm by the revolution- 
ary heroes, and in England were regarded as powerful in- 
centives to disaffection and rebellion. In the " New Jersey 
Historical Collections," he is briefly described as "a man 
of naturally fine feelings, but an infidel in sentiment." He 
published "A Translation of the Travels of Abbe Robin," 
New York, 17S3; "Poems," Philadelphia, 1786; "Miscel- 
laneous Works," 1788; " Poems written between 1768 and 
1794," Mount Pleasant, New Jersey, 1795; "Letters on 
Various Subjects," etc., by Robert Slender, Philadelphia, 
1799; a new edition of his " Poems," 1809; and " Poems 
written between 1797 and 1815," two volumes, New York, 



320 



BIOGRAPHICAL EN'CYCLOP.EDIA. 



1S15. An edition of his " Revolutionary Poems," with a 
memoir and notes by E. A. Duyckmck, was published in 
New York m 1S65. Peter Freneau, his brother, edited 
and published at Charleston, South Carolina, 1795 '° 1810, 
the Oly Gazelh; a Democratic newspaper. He died, or 
"perished miserably," at Monmouth, New Jersey, Decem- 
ber 1 8th, 1832, in the eightieth year of his age. 



' f^UNT, WILSON PRICE, Pioneer Traveller, the 
hero of Irving's "Astoria," late of St. Louis, was 
born in Hopewell, New Jersey, in the house still 
standing, probably, on the property of Benjamin 
,S. Hill, and served an apprenticeship in the store 
of his uncle, Abraham Hunt, of Trenton, New 
Jersey. His adventurous and enterprising spirit brought 
him to the notice of John Jacob .\stor, of New York, who 
pl.inned an enterprise across the mountains. The conduct 
of the contemplated expedition was assigned to him, he 
being one of the partners of the company organized, and 
ultimately the head of the establishment located at the 
mouth of the Columbia. June 23d, iSio, articles of agree- 
ment were entered into by him, in connection with J. J. 
Astor, Alexander McKay, Duncan McDougal, and Donald 
McKenzie, acting for themselves, and for the several per- 
sons who had already agreed to become, or should there- 
after become, associated under the firm of " The Pacific 
Fur Company." He was then appointed an Agent, for the 
term of five years, and selected to reside at the principal 
establishment on the northwest coast. In the latter part of 
the following July he repaired to Montreal, the ancient em- 
porium of the fur trade, and made extensive preparations 
for the work in hand, engaging Canadian voyageurs, and 
laying in supplies of ammunition, provisions, and Indian 
goods. The expedition then set forth from St. Anne's, and 
made its way up the Ottawa river, and along the smaller 
lakes and rivers, to Michilimackinac, arriving at Mackinaw, 
at the confluence of Lakes Huron and Micliigan, July 22d. 
Here he remained for some time, seeking to complete his 
assortment of goods, and to increase his number of voyag- 
eui-s. August 1 2th he finally left Mackinaw, and pursued 
the usual route to Prairie du Chien, and thence down the 
Mississippi to St. Louis, where a landing w.as effected, 
September 3d. October 21st he took his departure from 
St. Louis, and soon arrived at the mouth of the Missouri, 
reaching the mouth of the Nodowa, after a season of suffer- 
ing and peril, November l6th. January 1st he set off to 
reiMin on foot to St. Louis, and arrived at his destination 
on the 20lh of the same month. Here he was greatly im- 
peded in his plans l>y the opposition of the Missouri Fur 
Company, which saw in him and his expedition rivals and 
keen competitois. A]>ril 17th he was again with his party 
at the station near the Nodowa river, where the main body 
of the company had been quartered during the winter. 



May loth he arrived at the Omaha village, and encamped 
in its neighborhood, but on the 15th set forward toward the 
country of the Sioux Tetons. June nth he encamped 
near an island below the Arickara village, and there com- 
menced a trade with the Indians under the regulation and 
supervision of the local chieftains. July l8th he took up 
his line of march by land across the tributaries of the Mis- 
souri, and over immense prairies destitute of trees and 
human life, skirting the Black Hills, and pursuing a west- 
erly coui^se along a ridge of country dividing the tributary 
waters of the Missouri and the Yellowstone. January 31st 
he arrived at the falls of the Columbia, and encamped at 
the village of AVishram, situated at the head of the long 
narrows. Eventually, after experiences and trials of a most 
formidable and disheartening character, he arrived safely 
at Astoria, the distance from St. Louis to that place, by the 
route taken, being upward of thirty-five hundred miles. 
August 26th, 1813, after a sojourn of six days at Astoria, 
he set sail in the "Albatross," and arrived at the Marquesas, 
where he learned that the British frigate " Phcebe " had 
sailed, with the " Cherub" and the " Raccoon," for Colum- 
bia river. This intelligence alarmed him greatly, since the 
eriand of the hostile vessels could have for end only the 
demolition of Astoria, and the interests which he had been 
so zealously promoting there. November 23d he pro- 
ceeded to the Sandwich Islands; and January 22d set sail 
for Astoria, intending to remove the property thence as 
speedily as possible to the Russian settlements on the north- 
^^■«st coast, to prevent it from falling into the hands of the 
British. February 2Sth he cast anchor, in the brig " Ped- 
ler," in the Columbia river ; soon after landed ; and upon 
settling various complicated business arrangements, and 
laboring loyally in the interest of J. J. Astor, set sail again 
April 3d, and bade a final adieu to Astoria. In Irving's 
" Astoria," may be found the following lines : " The absence 
of Mr. Hunt, the only real representative of Mr. Astor, at 
the time of the capitulation with the Northwest Company, 
completed the series of cross-purposes. Had that gentle- 
man been present, the transfer, in all probability, would not 
have taken place." On his return from the fur region, he 
settled at St. Louis, where he died in 1S42. 



cNEYEN, \YILLIAM JAMES, Author, Professor 
in the College of Physicians and Surgeons, or in 
the Medical School connected with Rutgers Col- 
lege, New Jersey, from iSoS to 1S30, late of New 
York city, was born in Galway county, Ireland, 
March 26ih, 1763. He was educated at the 
Colleges of Prague and Vienna, at the latter of which he 
graduated in 1784. He became a zealous member of the 
Society of United Irishmen, and after an imprisonment — in 
consequence of his connection with it, and ensuing results — 
of four years, was liberated, and passed the summer of iSc 



LIOGKAnilCAL EXCVCLOIVEDIA. 



321 



in trnvelling ihrougli Switzerland on foot, of which journey 
he published an account entitled "A Ramble in Switzer- 
land." He subsequently acted in the capacity of Captain 
in the Irish Brigade of the French army, but resigned his 
commission, and emigrated to the United States, arriving at 
New York, July 4th, 1S04. From iSoS to 1830 he pre- 
sided as Professor in the College of Physicians and Sur- 
geons, or in an establishment dependent on the Rutgers Col- 
lege, New Jersey. In 1812 he was appointed, by Governor 
Clinton, Resident Physician; in 1840 was again nominated 
to the same office; and, during the prevalence of the 
cholera epidemic of 1S32, was actively employed as one of 
the medical council. He published an " Exposition of the 
Atomic Theory;" "Pieces of Irish History," Svo., 1807; 
" Use and Construction of the Mine Auger," London, 178S ; 
and an edition, carefully prepared, of " Brande's Chem- 
istry;" besides occasional essays and addresses on various 
subjects. He was also a valued contributor to the current 
medical and scientific journals. He died at New York 
city, July 12th, 1S41. 

/ ^^ 

ARTIN. LUTHER, LL. D., Lawyer, Educator, 
Revolutionary P.itriot, Judge, Statesman, late of 
New York, was born in New Brunswick, New 
Jersey, in 1744, and graduated from the New 
Jersey College in 1766. He was subsequently 
engaged in teaching school at Queenstown, Mary- 
land ; then entered upon a course of legal studies ; and 
was admitted to the bar in 1771. He afterward com- 
menced the practice of his profession in Accomac and 
Northampton counties, Virginia; and, after his admission 
as attorney in the courts of Somerset and Worcester, rapidly 
attained an extensive and lucrative clientage. In 1774 he 
became a member of the commission to oppose the claims 
and exactions of Great Britain, and a member also of the 
Annapolis Convention. He published an answer to the 
address of the brothers Howe ; also "An Address to the 
Inhabitants of the Peninsula between the Delaware river 
and the Chesapeake." Februaiy nth, 177S, he was ap- 
pointed Attorney-General of Maryland; and in 17S4-85 
acted as a member of the old Congress. Strongly influ- 
enced by his political ideas and principles, he wrote many 
pungent and violent essays against the Democratic party of 
his time ; and in 1804 was one of the defenders of Judge 
Chase, who was impeached in the House of Representatives 
for alleged misdemeanor. He was likewise the personal 
and political friend of Burr, whose acquittal he was instru- 
mental in procuring, when on trial for alleged treason in 
1807. In 1814 he was appointed Chief Judge of Oyer and 
Terminer, for Baltimore, Maryland ; and in 1818 was given 
the appointment of Attorney-General of the State. Although 
a member of the convention which framed the Federal 
Constitution, he violently opposed the adoption of that in- 
strument, advocating the equality of the States, and con- 
41 



tending that a small State should have as many Congress- 
men as a large one. He is the Author of "A Defence of 
Ca])tain Cresap from the Charge of Murder made in Jcfler- 
son's Notes ; " and " Genuine Information, etc., of the Con- 
vention at Philadelphia," etc., Svo., published in 1 788. 
He was a loyal and upright citizen, although a man of 
strong prejudices and passionate temperament; an uiilbiKh- 
ing friend to those he esteemed, and an outspoken enemy 
when opposed by political adversaries.. He died at New York 
city, July loth, ii>26. 



ALL, JOSEPH LLOYD, Bank-Lock and Safe 
Manufacturer, was born, May gih, 1823, at Salem, 
New Jersey, and is the second son of Edward 
and Anna (Lloyd) Hall. He removed with his 
parents to Pittsljurgh, Pennsylvania, in 1S32. His 
educational advantages were very limited, as he 
began to earn his own living at eight years of age; and 
although his early tastes inclined him to mechanical pur- 
suits, yet circumstances combined to prevent their gratifica- 
tion. In 1S40 he engaged in a steamboat enterprise, and 
continued in that business upon the Mi .sissippi river and its 
tributaries until 1846, when he returned to Pittsburgh and 
formed a copartnership with his father, under the firm-name 
of E. & J. Hall, and embarked in the manufacture of fire- 
proof safes. This industi-y was undeveloped, and they also 
found such strong competition from the wealthy and long- 
established Eastern houses in the same line, that they deter- 
mined to remove to Cincinnati, which they carried out m 
1848. In that city they established the nucleus of the 
present immense manufactory, and both father and son 
toiled in their little workshop from day to day with inde- 
fatigable patience and energy. They labored assiduously 
to educate the public mind to a fuller appreciation of the 
great security obtained by the use of fire and burglar-proof 
safes, and stemming the current of opposition with a rare 
and admirable pertinacity for years, they finally triumphed 
over adverse circumstances and stood on a firm foundation. 
In 1 85 1 his father disposed of his interest in the business 
to William B. Dodds, and the firm of Hall, Dodds & Co. 
succeeded ; they employed, at that time, a force of fifteen 
hands, and produced about two safes per week. This firm 
was dissolved in 1857, and was thereafter followed by 
others in succession, in all of which Joseph L. Hall was the 
senior partner and chief executive. The Hall Safe and 
Lock Company was organized in May, 1867, of which he 
was chosen President and Treasurer, and, as formerly, still 
exercuses a rigid surveillance over all the practical operations 
of the works. This is said to be the largest safe manufac- 
turing establishment in the world, and is probably more 
than four times as large as any similar concern in the 
United .States. It employs some six hundred mechanics of 
consummate skill and experience, and has a capacity for 
turning out about fifty safes each working day. He has> 



EIOGRArillCAL ENXVCLOP.EDIA. 



ilevoteJ his mechanical genius to the perfection of the arti- 
cles manufactured by the company, and his many improve- 
ments attest his aptness and fitness for the tasli. He is the 
patentee of some thirty well known and valuable inventions 
in bank locks and safes. He has built some of the largest 
safes ever constructed, and, without exception, they have 
preserved their contents intact during the severest te-sts. 
The mannei in which his five hundred safes passed the 
terrible ordeal at the great fire in Chicago, October, 1871, 
is a sufficient proof of their reliability. The company have 
branch houses in every important city in the Union, and 
the reput.-ition of the safes and locks is limited only by the 
confines of civilization. At the outbreak of the late civil 
war, in 1S61, he undertook the execution of a contract to 
alter, for the United States government, within thirty days, 
five thousand Austrian muskets, and performed the work 
so satisfactorily and efficiently, that he was awarded many 
other contracts during the war. He never aspired to nor 
accepted a public office, although often solicited to become 
a candidate. He has been for many years an active, zeal- 
ous, and consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal 
Church, and is at present one of the most liberal supporters 
of St. Paul's Methodist Episcopal Church, of Cincinnati. 
Such is the record of a man who, by dint of indomitable 
energy and native genius, won his way to a proud and en- 
viable position in the business and social world — a position 
which his generous and hospitable nature well fits him to 
grace. He was married, in early manhood, to Sarah J.ine 
Jewell, of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and this union has 
been blessed with twelve children, three sons being now 
associated with him, all of whom are active and efficient 
Viusiness men — the oldest, Edward C. Hall, having filled the 
position of Vice-President of the company. 



Q*»;||'ORGAN, GENERAL DANIEL, a distinguished 
Officer of the American army in the war of the 
Revolution, late of Winchester, Virginia, was 
born in Hunterdon county. New Jersey, 1736. 
He was of humble parentage, and was unable to 
secure any but a very elementary and limite<l 
education. At the age of seventeen he left his father's farm, 
and in 1755 joined the expedition of General Braddock 
against the French and Indians on the Ohio, acting as a 
teamster or private soldier. While thus engaged, in the 
spring of 1756, he knocked down a British lieutenant who 
bad insulted him, and for this violation of military rules 
was sentenced to receive five hundred lashes. He was ac- 
customed, however, in after life, to maintain jestingly that 
the drummer had miscounted the number and still owed 
him one. " One can hardly conceive of his surviving such 
a severe punishment, and perhaps there was some favor 
shown by the men who administered it." The officer here 
spoken of afterward made him a public apology. About 



the same lime he also received a painful wound, which dis- 
figured his countenance for life. RL-Uiiiinig to Frederick, 
now Clarke county, Virginia, whence he had removed in 
early life, he resumed his career as a backwoods farmer and 
a leading pioneer, until the outbreak of the Revolution. 
Previously, m 1757, he served in the militia, and distin- 
guished himself in the defence of Edward's Fort. In 1758 
he was made an Ensign, and while carrying despatches 
was waylaid and severely wounded by Indians, escaping by 
presence of mind and the fleetness of his horse, from whose 
back he was taken insensible. After the peace he was 
much addicted to gambling and dissipation, and gained 
notoriety as a sturdy pugilist ; but before 1771 had reformed, 
became a man of good morals and substance, and in 1774 
commanded a company in Lord Dunmorc's expedition 
against the Indians. Immediately after the battle of Lex- 
ington, he in less than a week enrolled ninely-six men, the 
nucleus of his celebrated rifle corps, and led them to Boston, 
reaching Ihe American camp, after a march of six hundred 
miles, in three weeks. He was early appointed to com- 
mand a troop of horse in Virginia, and with this company 
marched to the patriot lines at Cambridge in the summer 
of 1775. General Washington, who knew him well, had 
great confidence in his bravery and loyalty, and detached 
him to join the expedition of Arnold against Canada in the 
following autumn. No officer was more valiantly promi- 
nent than Morgan on that memorable occasion, and when 
.•\rnold was wounded in the first assault he assumed the 
command. Although successful in that part of the field 
where he held command, he was compelled by the fall of 
Montgomery and the defeat of his division to surrender; 
or, as it is otherwise narrated, he was taken 'prisoner with 
others when General Montgomery was slain. While in the 
hands of the British he was offered the rank and p.^y of a 
Colonel in the royal service, which he indignantly rejected. 
Soon after his release, toward the close of 1776, Washing- 
ton g.ave him command of a rifle corps, the nth Virginia, 
with which he was detached to the assistance of Gates, then 
opposing the enemy in its advance from Canada ; and took 
a most important part in the victory attending the surrender 
of Burgoyne, near .Saratoga. During Washington's retreat 
through New Jersey in 1776, and the campaign in the same 
State in 1777, he also rendered valuable services. Upon 
joining the main army, after the action at Saratoga, he was 
employed by the commander-in-chief in several perilous en- 
terprises, which he conducted with equal courage and judg- 
ment; and for his services on the occasion referred to, the 
Virginia Legislature voted him a horse, pistols, and sword. 
He was an active participant also in the severe skirmish 
which took place near Chestnut Hill with a part of Corn- 
wallis's division. During a pnrt of 177S he was in com- 
mand of Woodford's brigade; and N^arch 20th, 1 779, was 
made Colonel of Ihe 7th Virginia regiment, but resigned 
that position in the following June. In the battle of Beniu-.'s 
Heights, which had precipitated the surrender of the BrUi.ih 



BIOGRAnilCAL ENCVCLOP.KDIA. 



323 



commander, his riflemen took a leading and eflicient part; 
yet their chief was unnoticed by Gates, in his ofticial ac- 
count of the occurrence, and an attempt was even made to 
induce him to join the Conway cabal agauist Washington, 
which he scornfully repelled. After the defeat at Camden 
he joined the remnant of Gates's army at Hillsborough, and, 
October 1st, was placed in command of a legionary corps. 
Continuing in active service in the North until the summer 
of 17S0, he was then made Brigadier-General and trans- 
ferred to the southern army. At this period he found his 
health declining, and wished to retire from the army, but 
was induced to remain with the forces in the South in 
order to harass and repel the British, who were making 
depredations on the inhabitants. Shortly after Greene as- 
sumed the command, in December, he was detached to the 
country watered by the Broad and Pacolet rivers. Pursued 
by Colonel Tarleton, he withdrew to the Cowpens, where, 
Januaiy 17th, :7Sl, he gained a brilliant victory over that 
renowned officer, capturing or destroying nearly the whole 
of his force. A gold medal testified the appreciation of 
Congress of his skill and bravery on that occasion ; he was 
also honorably noticed by this body, in connection with 
Colonel Howard, Colonel Washington and General Pick- 
ens. He then followed up the action at Cowpens by a 
series of well-conceived manoeuvres which seriously em- 
barrassed Cornwallis. Before the close of the campaign, 
however, he was compelled, by repeated and severe attacks 
of rheumatism, to retire to his home in Virginia. In 1794 
he commanded the army sent against the insurgents in 
western Pennsylvania, aiding importantly in quelling the 
Whiskey Insurrection that had broken out in that locality. 
From 1795 to 1799 he was a member of Congress. In 
1800 he removed to Winchester, where he resided until the 
time of his decease. In 1799 he published an address to 
his constituents, vindicating the administration of Mr. 
Adams. The latter part of his life was passed in much 
physical suffering, and he died in Winchester, Virginia, 
July 6th, 1S02. His oldest daughter was married to Gen- 
eral Presby Neville, of Pittsburgh. His son, Willoughby 
Morgan, Colonel United States army, died at Fort Craw- 
ford, Upper Mississippi, April 4th, 1832. A " Life of Mor- 
gan" was published by James Graham, l2mo., in 1S59. 

V — — 

'OXE, JOHN REDMAN, M. D., Medical Editor 
and Author, late of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 
was born in Trenton, New Jersey, in 1773. He 
studied medicine under the guidance of the cele- 
brated Dr. Rush, and also in London, Paris and 
Edinburgh. Upon his return to the United .States 
he settled in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1796, and there 
entered upon the practice of his profession. In 1 798 he 
filled the position of Port Physician, .and during the yellow 
fever visitation performed efficiently^ and with noteworthy 



<l 



G; _ 



energy and ability, tlie duties of his office, lie was for 
several years a pliysician of the Pennsylvania Hospital, and 
of the Philadelphia Dispensatory; from 1809 to 1S18 he was 
Professor of Chemistry in the University of Pennsylvania, 
and from 181S to 1S35 Professor of Materia Medica in that 
institution. He was the introducer into Philadelphia of the 
system and practice of vaccination. He published "On 
Inflammation," Svo., 1794; "Importance, etc., of Medi- 
cine," Svo., iSoo; "Combustion, etc.^" Svo., iSi I ; "Ameri- 
can Dispensatory," Svo., 1S27; "Refutation of Harvey's 
Claim to the Discovery of the CircuLition of the B'nod," 
Svo., 1834; "Female Biography;" and "Recognition of 
Friends in Another World," I2mo., 1S45. He aKo edited 
" The Philadelphia Medical Museum," six volumes, Svo., 
1S05, new series, 181I; and "The Emporium of Arts and 
Sciences," five volumes, Svo., 1C12. "Ho never had a 
day's illness throughout the course of his long and l>\Hy 
life, and lived far beyond the averaf;e term cf m.an, \\hi!e 
keeping intact his rare powers of mind, and, his rreat age 
excepted, with its attendant feebleness, hnleness of body." 
He died in Philadelphia, March 22d, 1S64, without any 
appreciable disease, aged ninety-one years. 

C*1M,0C)D, GEORGE B., JI. D., LL. D., Physician and 
Author, Avas born in Greenwich, Cumberland 
county. New Jersey, March 13th, 1797. He was 
educated at the University of Pennsylvania, 
where he graduated in 1S15 with the degree of 
A. B., and in iSiS with that of M. D. He was 
Professor of Chemistry in the Philadelphia College of Phar- 
macy from 1S22 to 1S31 ; Professor of Materia Medica in 
the same college from 1S31 to 1S35; Professor of Materia 
Medica in the University of Pennsylvania from 1S35 to 
1850; Professor of the Theory and Practice of Medicine in 
the same from 1850 to 1S60; and a physician in the Penn- 
sylvania Hospital from 1S35 to 1859. He is the author of 
numerous and valuable works, chiefly relating to his pro- 
fession, wdiich rank among the classics of the medical sci- 
ences. His first important work, " The Dispensatory of the 
United States," was written in conjunction with I'ranklin 
Bache, M. D., and the original edition was published in 
Philadelphia, in 1833 (Svo., 1073 pages). This at once 
stamped him as a man whose research and knowledge of 
his profession were of the highest order; it was thoroughly 
exhaustive in its description of the many medicinal agents 
peculiar to American practice, indicating minutely their 
various properties and effects. It has gone through thirteen 
editions, the last being in 1870 (Svo., pages xii. iSlo), 
about 150,000 copies having been sold. Before 1S30 there 
had not been any United States pharmacopceia or standard 
list of medicines and their preparation whose authority was 
fenerally recognized. In the year mentioned two such 
lists were offered to the public, one prepared in New York, 



324 



lilOGK.vPHICAL ENXVCLOr.EDIA. 



the other chiefly the work of Dr. Wood. In a severe review 
Dr. Wood completely demolished the first of these, and by 
writing the *' Un ted States Dispensatory " caused the au- 
thority of the other to be universally acknowledged. In 
1847 he published a " Treatise on the Practice of Medi- 
cine" (two volumes, Svo). It ran through six editions, the 
last being in 1867. He also published in 1856 a "Treatise 
on Therajieutics and Pharmacology," or materia medica, 
which had three editions, the last being issued in 186S 
(two volumes, 8vo., 1848 pages), and a volume containing 
twelve lectures, six addresses and two biographical memoirs, 
in 1S59. It consisted of lectures and addresses on medical 
subjects, delivered chiefly before the medical classes of the 
University of Pennsylvania. He has also written " The 
History of the Pennsylvania Hospital;" "History of the 
University of Pennsylvania;" "Biographical Memoirs of 
Franklin Bache," etc. In the first and last of these pam- 
phlets will be found an account of Wood and Bache's 
" Dispensatory and United States Pharmacopoeia," of which 
he, in connection with Dr. Bache and others, was editor 
of the editions of 1831, 1840, 1850 and 1S60. In 1872 
these memoirs, with the addition of the History of Chris- 
tianity in India, of the British Indian Empire, of the Girard 
College, and other papers, were collected into a volume 
entitled "Memoirs, Essays and Adilresses." In 1S65 ne 
endowed the Auxiliary Faculty of Medicine in the Uni- 
versity of Pennsylvania, consisting of five chairs : one 
of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy, one of Botany, one 
of Geology and Mineralogy, one of Hygiene, and one 
of Medical Jurisprudence, all of the subjects to be es- 
pecially considered in their relation to medicine. 



jERGEN, HON. JAMES J-, Lawyer, Somerville, 
son of John J. Bergen, merchant, and descended 
from a Hollandish family, the founder of which 
-f , „ in America was one Hansen Bergen, a ship- 
J^^ builder, who settled at BreuUlyn in 1633, was 
born at Somerville, New Jersey, October 1st, 
1847. At the time of the revolutionary war several of his 
ancestors served with credit in the continental army, and 
his family has for many years been prominent in the affairs 
of East Jersey. Under the tutorship of Mr. Butler, of Som- 
erville, he received a classical education, and in 1864 began 
the study of law in the office of Hugh Gaston, Esq., a 
le.iding practitioner of the same town. Admitted to the 
New Jersey bar in 186S, he practised for a year in Plain- 
field, and then, returning to Somerville, entered into part- 
nership with his former legal preceptor, thus establishing 
the firm of Gaston & Bergen. His ability as displayed at 
the bar gave him prominence in public affairs, and in 1S75 
he received the Democratic nomination to the lower house 
of the State Legislature, and was elected by a handsome 



majority. In the Assembly he proved himself to be strong 
in debate, and also, as a member of the Committees on Re- 
vision of the Laws, State Printing, etc., to possess to an 
exceptional extent the power of formulating and organizing. 
The duties of his ofiice were so well fulfilled that in 1876 
he was again nominated, and was elected by an increased 
majority. On the rearrangement of committees, at the 
beginning of the session, he was assigned as a member of 
the Judiciary, on State Prison, and on Elections. During 
this session a bill was introduced into the Senate, and 
passed by that body by a unanimous vote, making a writ 
of error in capital cases a writ of right; thereby radically 
changing the criminal law and practice of the State. 
Against this measure, upon its introduction into the House, 
he spoke at length and forcibly, but the bill was passed 
over his protestation, and was referred to the governor for 
.approval. Governor Bedle returned it with his veto, based 
upon a line of argument practically identical with that used 
in opposing it by Mr. Bergen, and upon a subsequent re- 
consideration in the Senate the veto was sustained. Mr. 
Bergen, it should be observed, was the only member of the 
Legislature who spoke in opposition to the bill, previous to 
its being vetoed by the governor. In March, 1877, he was 
appointed, by Governor Bedle, Prosecutor of the Pleas for 
Somerset county. 



■^^■^^AYTON, HON. GEORGE, of Rutherford, Mer- 
(,',J I chant and Senator from Bergen county, was born 
"l; I I in Westerloo, Albany county, New York, October 
'\f7?C 2d, 1827. He is a member of the same family 
b VS with the late William L. Dayton, United States 
Senator and Minister to France, their common 
ancestor having been Samuel Dayton, of Long Island, High 
Sheriff there from 1723 to 1728, whose son, Jonathan, was 
the first settler of the name at Elizabethtown, New Jersey, 
and one of the first of any name. His family indeed has 
given to the country some of the ablest and most brilliant 
of its statesmen. He received a thorough English educa- 
tion, and in his twentieth year became a clerk in a mer- 
cantile house in New York city, where he is now one of the 
leading merchants. He has come up from the counter; 
and that, perhaps, is one reason why he has ascended so 
high, and is stationed so securely. A poet may be born, 
not made; but a merchant, even if born, requires a great 
deal of making, and this he has had. Beginning with the 
A B C of trade, he took a full course of practice, masteiing 
the business at every stage, until he ranks to-day among 
the lords of commerce, if not among the princes. But 
commerce, steadily and successfully as he has pursued it, 
has not absorbed all his energies of mind or character. 
For the last twelve years he has taken an active part in the 
politics of his section, and has been chosen to fill a number 
of responsible ofifices. He has been for many terms a 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 



32s 



member of the Township Committee, of which in late years 
he has been President; and in 1874 he was elected, by a 
flattering majority, to represent Bergen county in tiie State 
Senate, in which he has attained an enviable prominence as 
a legislator. Thoroughly informed, able, prudent, vigilant 
and firm, he is recognized by his colleagues as a leader, 
and by the public as one who promises to rival the political 



REAMING, IIOX. JOiVATIIAN F., Physician, 
(p Dentist and State Senator, of Cape May Court 
House, was born in Cnpe May county, New Jer- 
fc,f^ sey, September 7th, 1S22. His fomily, of English 
Vy"^ extraction, were among the early settlers of New 
Jersey, Christopher Learning, from whom he is 
sixth in the line of descent, having emigrated from England 



distinction and influence of his lamented kinsman. He, at 1 in 1670, and settled in Cape May in the year 1691. He 
any rate, has crossed the threshold of what bids fair to be a attended Madison (New York) University, from which he 



useful and distinguished public career. It may be men- 
tioned here, that, while he is a member of the Senate of 
New Jersey, his brother, J. C. Dayton, by a jjleasant co- 



passed to Brown University, Rhode Island, where he re- 
mained until 1844, subsequently entering Jeflerson Medical 
College, at which he graduated in 1846, and in the follow- 



incidence, is a member of the Senate of the neighboring ing year married Eliza H. Bennett, of Cape May Court 
State of New York, representing the district which includes 1 House. Immediately after graduating he began the prac- 
the city of Albany. The mantles of the elder Daytons tice of medicine in liis native county, and pursued it with 



would seem to have fallen on successors who have the 
ability as well as the inclination to wear them. 



(LUMMER, HON. CHARLES S., Merchant and 
State Senator, of Pedricktown, was born, Decem- 
ber 2d, 1839, in Sharptown, Salem county. New 
Jersey. He is a son of Samuel Plummer, United 
States Marshal for New Jersey, the family being 
old residents of Salem county. He was educated 
in the public schools of the county; and, deciding to lead 
a mercantile career, embarked in 1864 in merchandising at 
Pedricktown, where he slill pursues the business, which, 
under his energetic and skilful management, has developed 
into an extensive one. His mercantile career proved so 
successful that he was soon led into a political career, the 
ability and integrity with which he had conducted his 
private business occasioning his fellow-citizens to call him 
into the public service. In 1870 the Republicans of Salem 
county nominated him for the Assembly, but the district 
being strongly Democratic he was defeated, though running 
in his own township greatly ahead of the general ticket. 
But neither he nor his party was content to rest in defeat. 
In 1875 he was nominated for the State Senate, and this 
time was elected, carrying his own township, which usually 
gave a Democratic majority of over 2cx>, by a majority of 
no. He is now fairly launched on the political waters, 
under signs that are favorable to a prosperous course. He 
has served in the Senate as Chairman of the Committee 
on the Treasurer's Accounts, and on the State Prison Com- 
mittee, of which he is at present a member, as he is of 
other committees of importance. With youth, energy, 
ability, business skill, the confidence of his parly, and 
the regard of the people, irrespective of party, there would 
seem to be no good reason why he should not achieve 
success in politics as well as in commerce. Certain it is, 
that his future is bright with promise. He has been twice 
married — to Hannah A. Heritage, in 1S61; and, in 1865, 
to Anna M. Black. 



signal success for fourteen years, when, its extent and la- 
lioriousness and the attendant cares beginning to under- 
mine his health, he was compelled to relinquish it. Un- 
willing, however, to forego absolutely those struggles with 
disease in which he had acquired such distinction and dis- 
played such mastery, he compromised with his professional 
tastes and aptitudes by turning to dentistiy, which he has 
practised ever since, except when interrupted by the public 
duties to which his fellow-citizens from time to time have 
called him. His excellent sense, popular sympathies and 
wide experience of life admirably fit him for political ser- 
vice, and it is not a matter of surprise that he has been 
called to discharge it; it would have been more surprising 
if he had not been, among a people who rightly think that 
no man, wdiatever his profession or his rank, is too good to 
serve them, if he has the ability. In 1861, accordingly, 
he was elected a member of the New Jersey Assembly, 
in which he served one term, when, in 1S62, he was 
elected to the State Senate for a full term of three years. 
During this term he was Chairman of the Committee on 
Education, and a member of several other important com- 
mittees. His course as a legislator fully justified the ex- 
pectations of his friends, placing him among the most 
useful, enlightened and judicious members of the Legisla- 
ture. In 1S6S his popularity received a new stamp by his 
election to the office of Surrogate of Cape May county for 
a term of five years, upon the expiration of which, so ably 
and acceptably had he filled the place, he was re-elected 
for another full term, which, however, he did not serve out, 
being re-elected also to the Senate in 1876, and decided to 
resign the Surrogateship and to accept the .Senatorship, 
which he now holds, having resigned the former office on 
the 1st of January, 1877. In the .Senate he is a member of 
the Committee on Commerce and Navigation, on Miscel- 
laneous Business, and other important committees, and 
would no doubt occupy a much more prominent position in 
the business of the body were it not that he is now one of 
the minority, to whose members the majority, on grounds 
quite other than those of qualification, are not accustomed 
to assign the foremost places. After this it is hardly 



326 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 



necessary to say, for the benefit of contemporary readers at 
any rate, that he is a Repiibhcan m politics, though it may 
not be unnecessary to add that his zeal for his party, always 
strontr, has never been more ardent or more active than it 
now is. No carpet-knight or summer-bird is he. In 1858 
the degree of A. M. was conferred on huh by the University 
at Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, and in i860 the degree of 
Doctor of Dental Surgery by the Pennsylvania College of 
Dental Surgery. He has been for forty years a member of 
the Baptist Clunch. 

' REEN, HON. HENRY WOODHULL, LL.D., 
of Trenton, Lawyer, and ex-Chancellor of the 
State, was born near the city of his residence, on 
September 20th, 1804. After receiving a thor^ 
oughly sound preliminary training, he entered 
Princeton College, and was graduated from thai 
inslilulion in 1S20, being then only sixteen years of age. 
The profession of the law seemed to be naturally indicated 
for his life career, and he accordingly began his studies 
therefor soon after his graduation, entering the office of the 
late Chief- Justice Charles Ewing. Under so distinguished 
a preceptor he acquired a very sound legal knowledge, and 
was admitted to the bar in due course in November, 1S25. 
His marked abilities, his deep learning and devotion to his 
profession, soon placed him in the front rank at the bar, 
where it was early admitted that he had few equals. As 
a counsellor', also, he enjoyed the highest consideration. 
A man of earnest mind and public spirit, he could not fail 
to take a strong interest in political affairs, and his name 
was sought to strengthen the ticket of his party — the \Vhig. 
He thus became a candidate for the State Legislature in 
1842, and was elected by a considerable majority. But 
legislative service had no attractions for him, and he de- 
clined further nominations in that direction. In 1844 he 
was chosen a member of the Constitutional Convention, and 
rendered valuable assistance in the revision of the organic 



listed his warmest sympathies and active co-operation. He 
was the second oldest living member of the Board of 
Trustees of Princeton College, and at the lime of his dealh 
was, and for some time previously had been, the President 
of the Board of Trustees of the Theological Seminary at 
Princeton. His religious views attracted him to the Presby- 
terian Church, of which he was a devoted and highly 
valued member. His death occurred in Trenton, un the 
night of December iglh, 1S76. 



.PJ^ 



"^S^ 



IXON, HON. JONATHAN, Associate Justice of 
the Supreme Court of New Jersey, comes of Eng- 
lish parentage, and was born in the clly of Liver- 
pool, Engl.-.nd, July 6lh, 1839. There he re- 
mained until reaching his eighth year, aiKiuling 
public schools for two or three years. At thai lime 
the family removed to Mar)'port, in the county of Cumb; r- 
land, where Jonathan's education was continued at the 
public schools. In (he spring of 1S48, his father, desirous 
of improving his fortunes, came to the United Slates, 
whither his family followed him in July, 1850, and settled 
in New Brunswick, New Jersey. During December of the 
same year, Jonathan became an inmate of the home of Cor- 
nelius L. Hardenbergh, a lawyer, who suffered from the 
misfortune of blindness. To him the lad acted as attend- 
ant and amanuensis for nearly five years, or until September, 
1S55, in the meantime receiving much care and attention 
from the family, who highly appreciated his intelligence, 
devotion and ambition. His education was continued 
under their fostering care, a son, Warren Hardenbergh, 
giving especial attention to his tuition. So prepared, 
he was enabled to enter Rutgers College in 1855, ami, after 
a full course assiduously pursued, he was graduated from 
that institution in June, 1859. After graduation he entered 
the office of his friend and quondam tutor, Warren Harden- 
bergh, as a student at law, and prosecuted his studies under 
law. Two years subsequently his pre-eminent qualifications these auspices for about twelve months. Mr. Hardenbergh 

then removed to New York, and Jonathan Dixon trans- 
ferred his allegiance as student to George R. Dutton, and 
subsequently, upon that preceptor in his turn seeking New 
York as a field of action, to Robert Adrain, all of these 
gentlemen being members of the bar at New Brunswick. 
While acquiring a knowledge of his chosen profession, 
Jonathan Dixon secured the means of living by leaching ni 
public and private schools. In due course his industry and 
perseverance brought him lo the point toward which his 
attention had been steadily fixed, and he was admitted to 
practise. His admission as attorney occurred in November, 
1S62 ; three years later he was called as counsellor. About 
a month after being admitted, or in December, 1862, he re- 
moved to Jersey City, and entered the office of E. B. Wake- 
man in a clerical capacity. Here his abilities and love of 
bis profession led, in the spring of 1S64, to a partnership 



pointed him out as a fitting member of the bar for elevat: 
to the Supreme Bench as Chief-Justice, and the position 
being offered to him he accepted it, and served for two full 
terms, of seven years each, with great distinction. In 1S61 
Governor Olden singled him out for yet more distinguished 
honor, tendering him the appointment of Chancellor of the 
State. The nomination was accepted, and Judge Green oc- 
cupied the position until he had nearly completed a full term, 
when ill health necessllated his resignation, much to the re- 
gret of the entire legal fraternity and the community at large. 
As Chancellor he added greatly to his previously very high 
reputation as a jurist, his opinions being received with 
marked acceptance, and cited throughout the countiy as 
those of very few American jurists have been. Thirty years 
ago he jnibllshed three volumes of reports of cases decided 
in the Court of Chancery. Educational matters always en 



BIOGRAPHICAL E^'CVCLOr.EI)IA. 



327 



wilh his empliiyer which was maintained fur a period of 
just twelve months. For live years thereafter Mr. Dixon 
conducted an independent practice, which proved quite suc- 
cessful ; so much so, indeed, that m 1 870 he concluded that it 
was advisalile to form a new partnership. This he did wilh 
(Jilliert Collins, the style of the firm being Di.xon & Collins. 
The firm met with uninterrupted success, and from the first 
occupied a high position at the bar. In April, 1875, he 
was offered a seat on the Supreme Bench of the State, and, 
accepting the appointment, his commission was issued, bear- 
ing date April Sih, 1S75. In the exercise of the judicial 
functions he has always commanded the respect and confi- 
dence of the bar and of the community at large, his de- 
cisions evidencing learning, research, independence and ini- 
partialily. He is indeed actuated by the true, judicial 
.spirit, and worthily sustains the exalted reputation of the 
State judiciary. During his career at the bar, he held 
several positions of a public character. In 1863 he was 
Corporation Counsel for the town of Bergen, and again in 
iS6q the same honorable position was enjoyed by him for 
the city of Bergen. During 187 1 he discharged the duties 
of a similar office in Jersey City. Politically he has alw.ays 
been an earnest Republican, and his abilities and valuable 
services have always been relied upon to good purpose in 
all emergencies until his elevation to the bench, since which 
time he hassirnply discharged, in an unostentatious and con- 
scientious manner, the political duties devolving upon every 
member of the community. In the year 1864 he veiy effi- 
ciently promoted the Republican cause as President of the 
Union League of Jersey City. He was married, Septem- 
ber I2lh, 1S64, to Elizabeth M. Price, of New Brunswick. 



^^- 'LARK 



/'' / ] gynian, 

oljl port,M 

GiVV His fat 

<^&^l .1 



REV. SAMUEL ADAMS, D. D., Cler- 
an, late of Elizabeth, was born m Newbury- 
Massachusetts, on the 27th of January, 1822. 
is father, Thomas March Clark, was one of the 
(^--,-- J descendants, probably, of Captain Thomas Clark, 
^ who was an early settler in the Plymouth colony. 
His mother, Rebecca Wheelwright, was descended from the 
Rev. John Wheelwright, a distinguished Purjtan clergyman, 
who was educated at Cambridge University, England, and 
who, after varied experiences, including banishment from 
Braintree, now Quincy, Massachusetts, fjr errors of doc- 
trine, and the founding of the town of Exeter, New Hamp- 
shire, died in extreme old age near Ncwburyport. The 
parents of Dr. Clark were prominent in the town where 
they lived, for a period of more than fifty years. They were 
members of the Presbyterian Church. His father was the 
President of the How-ard Benevolent .Society from the ye.ar 
1S16, when th.at institution was organized, until his death 
in the year 185 1 ; and his mother for more than thirty years 
was the President of the Newburyport Orphan Asylum. 
His early home was consecrated to good works and to 



Christian hospitality. Before his birth his mother had or- 
ganized a Youth's Missionary Society. She held the meet- 
ings in her own house. She induced the boys connct lid 
with the society to make monthly contributions, and so 
young Clark breathed, in his earliest childhood, the best 
possible domestic and Christian atmosphere. The brevity 
of this sketch precludes an extended notice of the virtues 
of his parents and the character ol his home during his buy- 
hood ; but, as he owed to these parents and to his early 
Christian culture nearly all that made his character so 
piecious, even the shortest record of his life should recog- 
nize the excellent stock from which he sprang, and the in- 
fluences which surrounded him in his childhood. The only 
surviving members of this Newburyport family are the 
brothers of the deceased : the Rt. Rev. Thomas M. Clark, 
D. D., Bishop of the Diocese of Rhode Island; the Rev. 
Rufus \V. Clark, D. D., of Albany, New York, and the 
Rev. George H. Clark, D. D., of Hartford, Connecticut. 
Dr. Clark studied theology at the seminary in Alexandria, 
Virginia. After completing his studies he took charge in 
Philadelphia of a new mission which afterwards was the 
Church of the Mediator. He was, for a short time, minis- 
ter of the Episcopal Church, at Plymouth, Massachusetts, 
and while there he was called to be Assistant in St. Ann's 
Church, Brooklyn, Long Island, and .also to the rectorship 
of the Church of the Advent, in Philadelphia. In the 
spring of 1848 he became the Rector of the latter church, 
and he held this position until April, 1856, when he was 
called to the rectorship of St. John's Churc.i, Elizabelh, 
New Jersey. A minute of the vestry of the Church of the 
Advent, and a tribute from the Sunday-school of that 
church to his memory, after a separation of eighteen years, 
indicate th.at he was held in " grateful remembrance " fur 
his " Christian zeal and loving interest in all the work and 
people of his charge." While a resident of Philadelphia, 
Dr. Clark maiTied Sarah Henry, daughter of John S. 
Henry, Esq. His wife and six children survive him. 
Soon after taking orders he published the " Life of the 
Rev. Albert W. Duy," and subsequently published the 
" History of St. John's Church, Elizabeth." He was elected 
to represent the Diocese of New Jersey in the last two 
General Conventions, and at the time of his death was the 
President of the Standing Committee of the Diocese. He 
received the title of Doctor of Divinity from Rutgers Col- 
lege, New Jersey. And now, after this mere outline of an 
active and useful life, the writer would attempt a true jrar- 
trait of a l^eloved brother. The materials for this portrait 
mav, in part, he found in the tributes given by others to his 
memory. There are surely few clergymen whose Christian 
character and faithful services elicit, when they die, such 
symp.athetic recognilinn as his death drew forth. That the 
vestry of his cluirch and the convention of his diocese 
should pass the common resolutions was to be expected, but 
it was not to be expected that other, and even distant cor- 
porations and societies, should give expression to their grief. 



328 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENXYCLOP.EDIA. 



The local editors, too, naturally would deplore his loss as 
" that of a brother and a personal friend," and mark the day 
of his going from them as "a day of general mourning," 
but this " man of warm sympathies," who " always had an 
ear for the tale of human suffering," to " whose heart the 
orphan and the poor widow never appealed in vain," whose 
" catholicity of spirit and freeheartedness led him constantly 
to overleap all narrow sectarianism and all party bound- 
aries," left his name to be recorded even in distant parts of 
the land, associated with all which makes life precious and 
good. Ample was the testimony to his "great ability and 
earnestness," to " his industry and willingness to assume 
duties and responsibilities," to " his judicious counsel, his 
earnest zeal, his cheerful faith," to his " good humor and per- 
sonal magnetism," to " his universal kindness," to his 
" winning the love and respect of all who knew him," and 
the loss was mourned " as children mourn the loss of a dear 
parent." It was with no common grief that the members 
of the ve-stry of St. John's Church, with some of whom he 
had been pleasantly associated for nearly twenty years, put 
on their records that they had lost " a beloved personal 
friend, the church a most conscientious, devoted rector, the 
community one always in sympathy with them in projecting 
and doing good ; that he had always manifested the most 
generous and Christian spirit ; had been unremitted in his 
labors, often to an extent far beyond his physical strength ; 
that he had preached the Gospel with faithfulness, warned 
the unwaiy, visited the sick ; that the young, for whom it 
was his peculiar delight to labor, had lost a dear friend and 
counsellor; the poor, a most generous benefactor; the 
adlicted, a sincere sympathizer; and that no act could be 
recalled which did not increase the pleasant remembrance 
of him who was our joy and comfort at all times." While 
it cannot be claimed that Dr. Clark possessed the qualities 
of a great preacher, it may truly be said that he was a very 
effective Christian teacher. He knew what he wished to 
say, and his sermons were marked by plainness, good .sense 
and strong feeling. Thoughts came to him quickly, .nnd he 
wrote with rapidity, not stopping to elaborate his style, and 
seldom, if ever, revising or correcting. He was honest, con- 
scientious, fearless, and was an instructor who was successful 
in the best meaning of that word. There was a warmth and 
a glow about him in the pulpit which attracted his hearers. 
There was that which is superior to profound reasoning and 
to classic language — the earnest, clear presentation of all 
Christian duties, and of all Christian hopes and consolation. 
This, the real calling of a preacher, loyal to his Master, he 
well fulfilled, guided by the noblest of all principles, and by 
a true, pure heart. In one of his anniversary sermons, de- 
livered in St. John's Church, Dr. Clark says, "A more 
efficient ministry might have made a more efficient people ; " 
and in his diary, a few days after he became the Rector of 
the Church of the Advent, in Philadelphia, he wrote, " I 
am intrusted with a precious charge. May God grant that 
1 may be a faithful shepherd, a vigilant watchman, a fear- 



less preacher, an humble follower of Jesus, and a successful 
ambassador to my dear people." A more efficient ministry 
than that which marked his life is seldom secured in any 
parish, and the prayei-s which he offered at the begin- 
ning of his ministerial life were graciously answered. He 
was, indeed, a faithful shepherd, a vigilant watchman, a 
fearless preacher, an humble follower of Jesus, and a suc- 
cessful ambassador. The writer often remonstrated with 
him for his unceasing labors, but the anxiety of friendship 
could not keep him from his work. And with what fidelity, 
with what kindness, and sympathy and gentleness that work 
was done, those only can know who saw his face, and heard 
his voice, when they were in trouble and in sorrow. It 
should be recorded, too, that his philanthropy constantly 
carried him outside of his parish duties, and that many 
benevolent institutions found in him an advocate and a sup- 
porter. He was the life of every social company into which 
he entered, and the life of his own home. His buoyancy 
was never abated ; it was perpetual, and was commonly 
mingled with the kindness of his heart. There was hardly 
an hour when he did not do good by creating a laugh, and 
he would sometimes brush away his tears at the very time 
of saying funny and cheering things. He was tender- 
hearted as a child, he was truly pious, he was remarkably 
faithful in Christian duty, at home as well as abroad, and 
yet he was an incessant blaze of fun ; indeed, a most re- 
markable depositary of " comic animation." Nothing re- 
pressed him. "An apt conjunction of satin and lawn " 
never disconcerted him ; he would light up the face of a 
grave bishop, or start the wririkles on a judge, with the 
same careless indifference, as to himself, which he showed 
when he made a crowd of children happy. Introduced to 
the venerable mother of the President of the United States, 
he asked her if she had sons, and then where they lived ; 
and on learning that one lived in Washington, he wished to 
know what he did there. Hearing a veiy thin clerg)man 
complain of being followed and annoyed by dogs in the 
streets, and seeing half-a-dozen other clergymen standing 
with sober faces and half-open mouths, listening to this re- 
cital and not knowing what to say, he said, " The dogs 
think he's a bone." Approached, while in conversation 
with a bishop's wife by a very large clergyman, it was im- 
possible for him, with his faculty of looking at and pre- 
senting things in their odd relations, not to say, " Permit 
me, madam, to present to you a portion of my friend, the 

Rev. Mr. ." His aged female parishioners \\ere 

often "lambs," or "brides." His dog, goat, parrot, dead 
owl, hens, and the pencil-marked eggs on his breakfast table, 
were prolific sources of merriment to him and to his guests 
and his family. The habit of getting off funny things was 
as natural and as irresistible with him as the habit of brealh- 
ing. And he was never ill-n.atured, nor vulgar, nor irrev- 
erent in his wit, nor did he speak in it many idle words ; liis 
fun was more useful than the solemn advice of others; he 
would give a needed lesson, sometimes a long-remembered 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 



32y 



lesson, while he sent his hearer away laughing. " It is 
probable," said a friend, who preached a memorial sermon 
in St. John's pulpit, " that he is chiefly remembered by 
many as a cheerful man. Was there ever another who had 
such a kind and mirthful word for every one ? Did any one 
ever scatter so much sunshine along the very streets through 
which he passed?" But "this cheerfulness," adds his friend, 
" was as little the manifestation of a heart that could not 
profoundly feel, as it was of a mind that could not strongly 
think." The portrait cannot be complete; a sketch, the 
lines not fully filled. " There was so much of him to go," 
said his brother, the Bishop of Rhode Island, and all those 
who were nearest to him respond, "so much of him to go." 
He carried a charm about him. He was a delightful com- 
panion. His activity, energy, inflexibility in principle, 
firmness in duly, won respect ; his persoual character, his 
generosity, his sweetness, his piety, won love. His soul 
was white and clear from his early boyhood, and he kept it 
so to the very end. The long and successful rectorship of 
Dr. Clark in St. John's Church terminated with his death, 
on the 28lh of J.inuary, 1875 ; and not only the people of 
his parish, but the people of the city, of all classes and of 
all creeds, deplored the irreversible event. It may he 
doubted if any citizen had so many friendships, and it is 
certain that no possible loss in the community could have 
been more deeply or universally lamented. A hundred 
clergymen, it is supposed, attended the funeral services. 
The large church was filled with mourners. Bishop 
Stevens and Bishop Scarborough were in the chancel and 
made addresses. The bells of the city were tolled. A 
noble life had ended; a great heart had ceased to beat. 
The congregation of St. John's has placed a memorial 
tablet within the church edifice, and, by vote of the veslry, 
a monument has been erected, in Laurel Hill cemetery, 
Philadelphia, over the grave of this beloved minister. 



ARTiy, HOX. ALEXANDER, LL.D. (degree 
conferred by Princeton College), Soldier and 
Statesman of the revolutionary war, Governor of 
North Carolina, Author, late of Danbury, North 
Carolina, was born in New Jersey, about the year 
1740, and studied at the New Jersey College, 
graduating from that institution in 1756. In 1721 his father 
had emigrated to the colonial settlements from Tyrone 
county, Ireland, and settled in New Jersey, where, it is sup- 
posed, he resided until the time of his decease. In 1772 he 
removed to North Carolina, and settled eventually in Guil- 
ford county, in that State. He served as a member of the 
Colonial Assembly, w.as actively engaged for some time as 
Colonel of a Continental Regiment, took a prominent part 
in the battles of Brandywine and Germantown, was State 
Senator in 1779-S0-81-82-85-S7 and '88, served as 



Speaker of the Senate at the close of the w.ir, and, while 
acting in this capacity, as Acting (joveinor m 17S1-82; 
from 17S2 to 17S5 and from 17S9 to 1792 was Governor 
of North Carolina; in 1788 was a member of the Conven- 
tion to adopt the Federal Constitution ; and (ri>m I "93 to 
1799 was an active and influential member of the United 
States Senate. According to Wheeler, " he was vani of his 
literary attainments, and published in the North Carolina 
Uiiivcrsi/)! Jl/agazine, poetical tributes to Geneial Francis 
Nash and Governor Caswell." However this may be, he 
was certainly an upright and honored citizen, a man of un- 
usual scholarly attainments, and an earnest worker in the 
interests of his country. At the time of his death he was a 
Trustee of the University of North Carolnia. He died at 
Danbury, North Carolina, in November, 1S07. 



/ 



I!' ILL, THOMAS, D. D., LL.D., Clergyman, 
Mathematician, Author, of New Jersey, was born 
in New Brunswick, New Jersey, January 7th, 
1S18. His father, a tanner by trade, was for 
many years a Judge of the Superior Court of 
Common Pleas, and on both the paternal and 
the maternal side he is of English extraction. He was left 
an orphan at the age of ten, and two years later was appren- 
ticed to the printer of the Fiedonian newspaper, passing the 
ensuing four years in its ofiRce. While in his seventeenth 
year, after spending from ten to twelve months in a common 
school, he entered an apothecary's shop, where he served 
for three and a half years. In 1843 he was graduated at 
Harvard College, in 1845 completed his term of residence 
■at the divinity school, and on Christmas of the same year 
was settled at Waltham. He is a Unitarian of the evan- 
gelical school, "but so little sectarian, or strictly denomi- 
national, that he has been invited to deliver the address be- 
fore the Society of Christian Inquiry in the orthodox College 
(jf Burlington." In 1859 he succeeded Horace Mann in 
the Presidency of Antioch College, Yellow Springs, Ohio; 
and in 1862-68 was President of Harvard University. He 
has been a frequent contributor to the periodical and occa- 
sional literature of the day, having written poems, re- 
views, translations, essays, for The Chrislian Examiner, 
The Religious Magazine, The Phcitiographic Magazine, 
The North American Review, and The Atlantic Monthly. 
He has also published sermons, lectures, and addresses, 
and contributed several valuable papers to " The Pro- 
ceedings of the American Association for the Advance- 
ment of Science." He wrote also the greater part of the 
articles on mathematics, etc., to be found in Appleton's 
" Cyclopcedia," and published an " Elementary Treatise on 
.Arithmetic," " Geimietry and Failh," and " First Lessons 
in Geometrv'." It is, however, in his investigations in 
curves that he has exhibited a remarkable originality and 
fertiliiy. He has added to the number of known curves. 



33° 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENXYCLOP.EDIA. 



and simplified their expression in an admirable manner; 
and, by going beyond the common methods of using co-or- 
dinates, and presenting novel combinations, has greatly 
extended the field of research. " It is understood that he 



lican principles. In 1862 he was commissioned as Presi 
dent for Monmouth county of the Union League of America 
and he organized a chapter of that patriotic organization 111 
nearly every township of the county. He was a member of 



has now in manuscript a work on curves of great value and the Republican Stale Executive Committee in 1S65, 



nnportance. 



nd m 
that capacity rendered most efficient service to the cause. 
In 1865 he was married to Deborah C. Allen, daughter of 
Charles G. Allen, a prominent citizen of Red Banli. 



PPLEGATE, JOHN S., Lawyer and Bank Presi- 
dent, of Red Bank, was born in Middletown, 
Monmouth county. New Jersey, August 6th, 1837. 
_ _^^ He comes of good old Jersey stock, his ancestors 
yi—^Z on both sides as far back as the year 1700 being 
also natives of Monmouth county, and at the pe- 
riod of the Revolution were active Whigs and soldiers in 
that heroic struggle. His parents, Joseph S. and Ann 
(Cray) Applegate, followed agricultural pursuits, and their 
son grew up amid the quiet and health-giving surroundings 
of farm life. His preliminary education.al training was ob- 
tained in the neighboring schools, where he made good use 
of his opportunities. Being destined for a learned profes- 
sion, his parents sent him to college, his course being taken 
at Madison University, at Hamilton, New York, from 
which he graduated in 1858, after four years study, receiv- 
ing the degree of A. B. Choosing the law for a career, he 
pursued his studies for a time at Red Bank, and afterwards 
entered the office of Hon. \V. L. Dayton, at Trenton. Un- 
der the superintendence of that learned lawyer and polished 
advocate he prosecuted his studies until his preceptor was 
offered and accepted the responsible position of Minister to 
the Court of France. Then he removed to Jersey City and 
completed his term of study with E. B. WaUeman. In due 
course he received his license as an attorney in November, 
1861, and sul)sequently, at the February term of 1S65, he 
was admitted as counsellor. He began and has always 
continued practice at Red Bank, and is acknowledged to 
stand among the leaders of the bar in that section. His 
practice lies principally in the Slate and county courts. He 
is a man of large public spirit, and has always manifested 
an active and intelligent interest m all projects which in his 
judgment would tend to the advancement of his town. 
Additional banking facilities being a plain necessity of the 
locality, he initiated a movement which resulted in the or- 
ganization, in 1875, of the Second National Bank of Red 
Bank. His executive ability and financi.nl standing marked 
liim out as eminently fitted for the successful conduct of the 
new enterprise, and he was accordingly elected the first 
President of the institution. This post he has since contin- 
ued to fill, and under his management the l)ank has secured 
an assured financial position and the high favor of the com- 
munity. In politics he is and has always been an earnest 
Republican, devoting himself at all times to the promotion 
of his parly's success in the simple faith that the counl'ry's 
welfare is inseparably bound up in the supremacy of Repub- 



.\TT. This family is descended from Captain 
William Piatl, of New Jersey, who served in the 
revolutionary war, being attached to Colonel 
Ogden's regiment, and between whom and Colonel 
Ogden a warm pereonal friendship existed. Re- 
maining in the army after the termination of llie 
war, he was detailed a member of General Arthur St. Clair's 
command in the campaign against the Miami Indians. 
This war, it will be remembered, was undertaken for ilie 
purpose of freeing the Ohio region from hostile Indians, 
being the first organized attempt at driving the native Inlies 
westward. St. Clair was given command of the noilh- 
western army, and was also appointed Governor of llie 
Northwestern Territory. In the spring of 179 1 he took llie 
field, and during the ensuing summer Generals Wilkinson 
and Scott were gradually advanced with a force of some 
eight hundred men ; the whole army numbered some fifteen 
hundred. In November the entire force was concenlr.nled, 
and on the 4th of that month St. Clair ordered a general 
attack to be made, himself commanding the attacking lioily. 
The result was eminently disastrous; more than six liiin- 
dred of the regulars were killed, and the remainder were 
utterly routed — the most signally destructive batlle founlit 
with the Indians since the defeat of Braddock. IiiiIh 
battle Captain Piatt unquestionably perished, but no relial le 
information of a definite character as to his fate ever reatlitd 
his family. When last seen by his retreating comrades lie 
was severely wounded, and was supporting himself against 
a tree, and his last request was that he might be given a 
loaded musket so that his life should be sold dearly. By 
his wife, Sarah, daughter of John Shotwell, of Sholwell's 
Landing, New Jersey, he had three children : William, Je- 
mima and J.Tmes. William studied medicine; upon giad- 
ualion established himself in New York, and was for many 
years a leading practitioner in that cily. Jemima, who w.as 
said to bear a striking resemblance to her gallant and un- 
fortunate father, was a distinguished preacher in the Society 
of Friends, and was well known throughout the American 
branch of that religious organization. She married her 
cousin, Elijah Shotwell, of Plainfield, New Jersey. James 
removed in early life to Ohio, where he married, was a con- 
siderable land-owner, and a man of something more than 
local jjrominence. From him the noted Colonel Don Piatt, 
editor of the Washington CaJ>itol, is descended. In New 




^>^^V Q/ {^/./i^^. 



BIOGRAr;;iCAL ENCVCLOr.EOIA. 



Jersey, New York and Ohio numerous representatives of 
the family are now hving. 



'OOPER, JAMES E., Commander in the United 
States navy, late of Haddoiifiekl, New Jersey, was 
the son of Benjamin and Elizabeth Cooper, of 
Gloucester county. New Jersey, both of whom 
belonged to the Society of Friends. His mother's 
maiden name was Hopenrie. His father was 
fourth in descent from William Cooper, who in the early 
part of the seventeenth century settled at Old Newton, 
Gloucester county, which has continued to be the seal of 
his descendants down to the fifth generation. The descend- 
ant who forms the subject of this sketch has a double claim 
to the remembrance and reverence of his countrymen, hav- 
ing won laurels as a soldier in the war of the Revolution, 
and as a sailor in the war of 1812. He entered " Lee's 
Legion" in his seventeenth year, and continued in it until 
the peace of 1783, serving with credit and distinction under 
both Lee and Marion. And distinction in such a service 
meant what it would require a volume to express. He took 
part in the storming of Stony Point; in the surprise and 
capture of the British garrison at Paulus Hook ; in the bat- 
tle of Guilford Court-House, North Carolina; in the suc- 
cessful operations against Forts Watson, Motte and Granby, 
South Carolina ; in the surprise and capture of Fort Gal- 
phin, Georgia ; in the triumphant attack on Augusta, Geor- 
gia; in the siege of Fort Ninety-Six, South Carolina; and 
in the battle of Eutaw Springs, South Carolina. His cour- 
age and urbanity made him a favorite in the army, and won 
the full confidence of his illustrious commander, who se- 
lected him as the bearer of despatches to Congress, and 
likewise to the Commander-in-Chief, the immortal W.ash- 
ington, who had selected the " Legion " for his body-guard 
at the battle of Germantown, and with whom it was always 
in high favor. He was also chosen by Lee to cany a flag 
of truce to the British commander. The seal to his mili- 
tary distinction was thus set by the hand of " Legion 
Harry" himself, him of whom General Greene declared 
that " few ofiicers in Europe or America" were "held in 
so high a point of estimation," and that " no man in the 
progress of the southern campaign had equal merit witli 
him." To have served under such a commander, and re- 
ceived his commendation, was in itself a splendid distinc- 
tion. Afier the peace he turned his attention to mercantile 
pursuits, and, entering the mercantile marine, he made the 
voyage to China in 1784, soon becoming a ship-master and 
ship-owner, proving that he could prosecute the arts of 
peace as vigorously and skilfully as those of war. But 
though he had beaten his sword into a tiller, he showed in 
due time that he was as ready to wield the tiller as he had 
been the sword, against the enemies of his country; for, on 
the breaking out of the second war with Great Britain, he 



again offered his services, and in May, 1S12, was appointed 
Sailing-Master in the United States navy, in which cajiacily 
he served durmg the war, benig honored by President Mad- 
ison, after its close, with a Lieutenant's commission, dated 
April 22d, 1822, an especial mark of favor, no other promo- 
tions having occurred at the lime, or for many years (here- 
after. In 1841, September Sth, he was appointed Master 
Commander in the navy, and continued actively in service 
for many years afterwards, until in his seventy-third year he 
was ordered on duty at the Navy Asylum in Philadelphia, in 
the performance of which light and not uncongenial service 
he passed smoothly down the long decline of his life. Hi.- 
died at his residence in Haddonfield, New Jersey, February 
5th, 1S54, in the ninety-third year of his age, the last survivor 
of " Lee's Legion," as he had been among its first members in 
all soldierly achievements and all manly qualities. He was 
twice married : first to Rebecca Morgan, daughter of Grif- 
fith Morgan, who died in 1812, and by whom he had eleven 
children; and November 26th, 1818, to Elizabeth Clement, 
daughter of John Clement, of Haddonfield, a descendant 
in the fourth degree from Gregory Clement, of London, the 
regicide. By his last wife he had one child. 



Vi^OOPER, BENJAMIN, Commodore in the United 
States navy, was the son of Commander James 
B. Cooper, the subject of the foregoing sketch. 
Entering the navy as Sailing-Master in 1S09, he 
served with honor under Captain Lawrence on 
board the " Hornet " in her action with the " Pea- 
cock," February 22d, 1813, and December 9th, 1814, was 
appointed Lieutenant. In 182S, April 24th, he was made 
Master Commander, and February 28th, 1 838, Captain. 
He died at his residence in Brooklyn, June 1st, 1S51. His 
remains were interred in Greenwood cemetery, with mili- 
tary honors. Captains .Stringham, Sands, Bell, Engle, and 
other naval officers acting as pall-bearers. He was a distin- 
guished officer, an eminent citizen, and a pure and high- 
minded man, a worthy son, in all respects, of the gallant 
and honored legionary to whom it was given to fight for his 
country with equal effectiveness in two wars and on two 
elements. 






e-^J 



"ORNELL, REV. WILLL'VM, D. D., was born in 

1834 in Seneca county, New York. He was the 

son of a farmer in moderate circumstances, and 

achieved his education under difficulties, which, 

however, disappeared one after another, and 

sometimes in troops, before his strong love of 

knowledge and resolute will. He was prepared for college 

by the Rev. Dr. Brown, subsequently a missionary in Japan, 

and entered Rutgers in 1855, with the ministry in view as 



332 



BIOGRAPHICAL EXCVCLOP.EDIA. 



one converted a poor woman to God ; don't destroy this ; 
here is one which I know saved a young man's soul, for he 
told me so; keep thai," and so on through them all. Those 
which he knew had converted somebody he wished pre- 
served ; but all the rest he ordered to be burned. Rarely 
has a soul ascended to its Maker so completely purged 
from the taint of earth. He died, September nth, 1S76, 
lamented keenly by all who knew him, and most by those 
who knew him best. Previously to accepting his first 
charge at Montague he was married to Julia Smith, of 
Middlebush, who survives him. 



his vocation. By selling books, and turning to such 
ij'.her avocations as ofiered themselves, he worked his way 
through the college and the seminary, and graduated with 
honors, winning the esteem alike of his teachers and of his 
associates. His first charge was at Montague, Sussex 
county. New Jersey, from which, after remaining one 
year, he went to Freehold, where he also remained a 
vear, teaching in the institute, his health not permitting 
him to preach. From Freehold he went to Woodslown, 
.Salem county, remaining five years, and faithfully preach- 
ing during the whole period ; after which, his health again 
failing, he removed to Somerville, in 1S6S, and founded 
his " Classical Institute for both Sexes," which he con- 
ducted until his death. The seat of the institute for the 
first year was at the northern end of Somerville, but he 
subsequently purchased a lot on South street, where he 
erected a handsome building, which included his home as 
well as his school-room, and where he died. His school 
speedily gained a widespread reputation, and drew to it 
pupils from far and near. He was especially successful in 
training young men for college, his pupils, as was often I maiden name was Ereminah Dalrimple. The district 
remarked by Dr. Campbell, President of Rutgers, knowing | schools of Warren county gave him educational training up 
their classics so well that it was almost idle to examine ' to his fourteenth year, when he entered a mercantile estab- 



' ARRARD, HON. LEVI D., Merchant and Legis- 
lator, of New Brunswick, was born in Warren 
county, New Jersey, August 3d, 1S24. Both his 
parents were natives of the same State, his father, 
Jonas Jarrard, being in his time an extensive 
manufacturer of wagons, plows, etc. ; his mother's 



them. Throughout the eight years of arduous labor which 
he spent in teaching at Somerville, he occupied the pulpit 
on the Sabbath whenever possible, feeling that his higher 
mission was to preach the gospel, and finding in the fulfil- 
ment of this mission his chief delight. Nothing but sick- 
ness which utterly precluded his attendance ever prevented 
his preaching when called upon. And his services were not 
unfruitful. At Lebanon, where he long ministered to a flock 
without a shepherd ; at Raritan, where he filled a vacancy 
in the pulpit of the Third Reformed Church, and every- 
where indeed that he preached, he gained hearts not only 
for himself, but for his Master. His characteristics as a 
clergj'man were marked and admirable. "As a minister," 
to quote the apt words of one who knew him well, " he 
was faithful ; as a preacher he was full of power. His ser- 
mons were first carefully prepared, and then rewritten, so 
as not to present an erasure or a blot. His language was 
simple, like the language of the gospel, but direct, incisive, 
and full of hope to the believer. Whether he preached the 
terrors of hell or the allurements of heaven, he faithfully 
portrayed the whole word. Earnestness, a profound belief 
in all he uttered, and simplicity of diction were his strong 
points in preaching, and they are the points which will 
make any preacher strong and powerful." His zeal and 
sincerity were of the purest type. The vice of worldliness 



lishment in the same county. After clerking in this con- 
nection for about four years he removed to Morris county, 
where he was similarly engaged for the ensuing tliree years. 
Then he commenced business on his own account, locating 
at Mount Freedom. By this time he had attained his 
twenty-first year. He successfully conducted this under- 
taking for two years, and then, encouraged by his success, 
he sought a more extensive field of operations. This he 
found at Parryville, Pennsylvania, in the neighborhood of 
Mauch Chunk. Here he pursued a prosperous career until 
1S50, whec he again determined upon a further extension 
of business. For this pui-pose he removed to New Bruns- 
wick, New Jersey, and opened upon the river front one of 
the most extensive ship-chandleries in the State. This en- 
terprise he continues to carry on, embracing all branches 
of ship-supplying, and it to-day occupies a front rank among 
concerns of its class. Since locating in New Brunswick he 
has become interested in and owner of a number of vessels 
doing business along the Delaware & Raritan Canal. But 
he has not permitted his own personal interests to absorb 
all his energies. A man of large public spirit and decided 
convictions, he has taken an earnest interest in politics, 
local. State and national. In hearty sympathy with the 
principles of the Republican party, he has ever been found 
among its most active members, and his high intelligence, 



had no pl.ice in his character. He never preached for delicate tact and superior executive ability, combined with 

effect, except the effect of saving human souls, esteeming great personal m.agnelism, won for him, years since, the 

all else as vanity and foolishness. A proof of this at once position of a leader in his section. Numerous illustrations 

striking and touching was afforded by an incident of his are afforded of his popularity and influence. In 1857 and 

closing days. Requesting that his sermons should be 1S58 he was chosen one of the Aldermen of the city. In 

brought to him, that he might direct what should be done 1864 he was chosen to represent Jliddlesex county in the 
with them, he deliberately looked at each, saying : " This I popular branch of the Legislature, and by successive elec- 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENXYCLOP.€DIA. 



333 



tlons served through the sessions of 1864, 1S65 and 1S66. 
Again, in 1S6S, he was returned to the same body, and 
served during the sessions of 1868 and 1S69. His course 
in the Assembly marked him out as eminently fitted for a 
higher trust, and accordingly, in 1S70, he was chosen as 
Senator for Middlesex county, and this position he held, 
to the marked satisfaction of his constituents and with honor 
to himself and the party he represents, for two terms, being 
re-elected in 1S73. During his long term of service in both 
branches of the Legislature he introduced many meas- 
ures of great importance, among which may be cited "A 
Bill for the Education and Maintenance of the Deaf and 
Dumb, Blind, and Feeble-Minded of the State." This was 

' presented during the session of 1S76. It provided for the 
establishment of three institutions : one at New Brunswick 
for the deaf and dumb; another at Trenton for the blind, 
and a third at Bordentown for the feeble-minded. Passed 
by both chambers, it encountered a veto at the hands of 
Governor Bedle, but nevertheless came very near enact- 
ment, only two votes being lacking to pass it over the veto. 
The measure was then divided into three separate bills, all 
of which passed the Legislature, but failed to become law, 
the governor withholding his signature. During his career 
in the Senate he served upon the Committees on Municipal 
Corporations, Railroads and Canals, and Reform School, 
being Chairman of each; he also acted on many other im- 
portant committees in both branches of the Legislature 
after his fnst entrance into the legislative halls. As a 
legislator he was always a hard and efficient worker, 
guarding carefully and untiringly promoting the immediate 
interests of his constituents, and protecting those of his 
parly generally from aggression by representatives of a dif- 
ferent faith from other counties. He has always been a 
devoted advocate of the maintenance of the Union, and 
during the rebellion he was among the staunchest sup- 
porters of the administration, labored to his utmost for the 
successful prosecution of the war, and contributed largely 
of his means in caring for the widows and orphans of the 
soldiers. He was a district Delegate to the Republican 
National Convention at Chicago, in 1S68, and also a Dele- 
gate at large to the Philadelphia Convention, in 1S72. As 
a citizen of New Brunswick he has always been distin- 
guished lor his ready and generous aid to all movements 
for the improvement and development of the city. He is 
one of the Directors and largest stockholders in the Ma- 
sonic Hall, one of the finest and most extensive structures 
in the city, containing an elegant opera house, handsome 
assembly rooms, and lodge rooms of the order, and a large 
number of lawyers' offices, etc. The erection of the build- 
ing was commenced in 1870, and completed in 1874, at a 
cost of 5285,000. . He has been a Director and stockholder 
in most of the loan associations of New Brunswick, and 
holds the same relations to the New Brunswick & Cran- 
berry Turnpike Company. It will thus be seen that his 
life has been an exceptionally busy one, and not only 



but one whose activity has redounded very largely to the 
advantage of the city in which his lot has been immedi- 
ately cast, and to the welfare of the community at large, 
the influence of a well-spent life widening and widening 
continually, and comprehending a sphere far more extended 
than is directly recognized. He was married on August 
31st, 1S44, to Jane Trowbridge, daughter of David Trow- 
bridge, of Mount Freedom, Morris county, who for many 
years served as a justice of the peace in that county, and 
was much respected. 

/' ~^^ 

ALL, REV. BAYNARD RUST, D.D., Educator, 
Author, late of Brooklyn, New York, was burn 
in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1798. In 1820 
he was graduated from the Union College, and 
subsequently studied, and also graduated, at the 
Princeton Theological Seminary. He was for 
several years pastor of a church, and President of a college 
in Bloomington, Indiana; and afterward pastor of a con- 
gregation, and principal of a flourishing academy in Bed- 
ford, Pennsylvania. At various times he was connected 
with educational institutions in Bordentown and Trenton, 
New Jersey, and Poughkeepsie and Newburgh, New York. 
In 1-852, or thereabout, he removed to Brooklyn, New 
York ; officiated for some time as Principal of the Park In- 
stitute ; and during the last few years of his life found 
pleasure and occupation in preaching to the destitute and 
the lower classes, and in administering, to the extent of his 
ability, to their spiritual comforts and material needs. He 
published a " Latin Grammar" in 1828; "The New Pur- 
chase," in 1843 ; " Something for Everybody;" " Teaching 
a Science;" and "Frank Freeman's Barber Shop," 1852. 
He possessed an extensive circle of friends and admirers in 
the States of New Jersey and New York, and wherever he 
was known was loved and respected for his unostentatious 
good deeds and charities, and his many abilities, natural 
and acquired. His "Latin Grammar" has been frequently 
and warmly eulogized as a scholarly production ; and his 
story of " Frank Freeman " had at one time quite an ex- 
tended popularity. He died at Brooklyn, New York, Janu- 
ary 23d, 1863. 

■"■ kURAND, ASIIER BROWN, Painter and En- 
graver, of New Jersey, was born in Jefferson, 
New Jersey, August 21st, 1796. His paternal 
ancestors were Huguenots. He learned the art 
of engraving in the shop of his father, a skilful 
watchmaker. In 1812 he was apprenticed to 
Peter Maverick, engraver, with whom, in 1817, he became 
a partner. His engraving of " Trumbull's Declaration of 
Independence," his first large work, cost him three years of 
labor, but at once brought him into favorable notice. The 



^^ 



',y 



334 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 



national portrait gallery contains many of his heads ; and his 
" Musidora " and "Ariadne " are excellent specimens of 
art. After ten years' practice as a painter, he relinquished 
engraving in 1835, and devoted himself chiefly to landscape 
painting. His pictures are pleasing in color and tone, and 
evince a high degree of poetic feeling and appreciation. 
The principal of his figure-pieces are, "An Old Man's 
Reminiscences," " The Wrath of Peter Sluyvesant," " God's 
Judgment on Gog,'' " The Dance on the Battery," and 
" The Capture of Andre." Among the more notable of his 
landscapes are, " The Morning and Evening of Life," a pair, 
" Lake Scene — Sunset," " The Rainbow ; " wood-scene, 
" Primeval Forest," " In The Woods," " The Symbol," from 
Goldsmith's " Deserted Village," " Franconia Mountains," 
and "Reminiscences of Catskill Cloves." In 1S54 he 
painted a portrait of the poet, William Cullen Brj'ant. He 
has filled with marked ability the office of President of 
the National .A.cadeniy of Design. His son, John Durand 
a scholarly gentleman, and one well-versed in art and artistic 
matters, has for several years past conducted The Crayon, a 
monthly publication specially devoted to the fine arts. 



^WENS, JOHN U., of Belvidere, Lawyer, was bom 
in the village of Vernon, Sussex county. New 
Jersey, May 25th, 1834. His father was John 
Givens, the name also of his grandfather, who 
was a soldier in the war of 1812. After the usual 
attendance at the common schools, he entered the 
academy of William Rankin, at Deckertown, New Jersey, 
becoming afterwards a teacher, teaching in the public schools 
of Warren county for about nine years, towards the close of 
which period he began the reading of law, under the instruc- 
tions of the Hon. A. J. Rogers. In 1S62, stimulated by 
patriotism, and not unmindful of his descent from a soldier, 
he enlisted in the 31st New Jersey Infantry, and was subse- 
quently promoted to a Lieutenancy. On the expiration of 
the term of service of the 31st, and the mustering out of the 
regiment, he assisted in organizing the 2d New Jersey 
Cavali-y, of which he was commissioned First Lieutenant. 
His regiment was sent to the Southwest, where it was 
engaged in the several battles with General Price, and also 
in the capture of Mobile. In all those engagements, as in 
all subsequent ones, he showed himself a worthy descendant 
of the soldier of 1812. At Egypt .Station, in acknowledg 
ment of his bravery on the field, he was assigned to the 
Captaincy of Company H, made vacant by the death of 
Captain Gallagher, killed while assaulting a stockade at that 
place. His entire record in the war is one of gallantry and 
soldierly conduct. At the close of the war he resumed his. 
legal studies, under Thomas Rays, of Newton, and was 
admitted to the bar in 1S70; having previously, however, 
served two terms in the New Jersey Assembly, so impatient 
were the people to express their sense of his abilities and 



of his brilliant military record. On his admission to the bar 
he settled at Belvidere, where he has already acquired a 
large practice which is steadily increasing. Since 1S73 ^^ 
has been associated in the practice with Mr. Harris, under 
the firm-name of Givens & Harris. In politics he is a 
Democrat, devotedly attached to his party, and, as may be 
readily believed, cherished by his party in return. By many 
of his political friends of Warren he was pressed as a can- 
didate for Congress at the late election, and no doubt would 
have received the nomination, had not another quarter of the 
district claimed it, on the ground of geographical rotation, 
not a very intelligible ground perhaps in the li.ght of reason, 
but potent enough in the somev\hat mixed light that " beats 
upon " the average voter. But he is still young, and can 
well afiTord to bide his time. He undoubtedly has a political 
future. 



OTTER, WILLIAM S., was born February 26lh, 
1833, at Pottersville, New Jersey. He is the son 
of Samuel Potter, a farmer of that place, whose 
father, Colonel Jonathan Potter, was long con- 
nected with the New Jersey militia, and whose 
" grandfather and great-grandfather both served 
through the revolutionary war, the latter as Colonel, the 
former as Captain. The family, one of the oldest in the 
State, is of English extraction. As early as 1696 it had 
struck its roots deep and spread them wide in the soil of 
New Jersey, if we may judge from the ancient records of 
Newark, the grant for the site of the public buildings of the 
town in that year describing the property granted as being 
bounded on the west and south by lands of Samuel Potter. 
The family is thus not only one of the oldest in the State, 
but identified with the origin and growth of its chief city. 
Young William attended the public schools until he w.as 
fourteen years of age, when he entered as clerk a mercantile 
establishment at Morristown, where he remained one year, 
after which he served six years in the same capacity at 
Pottersville. He then undertook farming near Freehold, 
following it until 1S55, at which time he embarked in the 
manufacture of mowing machines and agricultural imple- 
ments in general, prosecuting the business for two years. 
Having quit it, he resided for a short time in Freehold, from 
which he removed to the city of New York, and engaged 
in business there. At the outbreak of the civil war, he, 
having meanwhile become a member of the celebrated yih 
Regiment, went with his comrades to the defence of the 
national capital, and remained with the regiment until the 
term of enlistment expired. On his return he removed to 
Pluckemin, New Jersey, of revolutionary fame, and, in 
company with his brother, carried on merchandising. While 
residing in Pluckemin he was elected a member of the Town 
Committee, of which he w.as made Chainnan, a position in 
which he rendered %-aluabIe aid in filling the quotas of the 
town. In 1867 he was elected by the Democrats Surrogate 



BIOGRAPHICAL EN'CVCLUI'.EDIA. 



335 



of Somerset county, and filled the office for five years, to 
the sali.sfaction of all parties, his trained business capacity 
and varied experience of life admirably fitting him for the 
complex and responsible duties of the place. He was re- 
nominated by his party in 1872, but, with the rest of the local 
Democratic ticket, shared the general disaster attending upon 
the Greeley campaign. He has been for four years a mem- 
ber of the Somerville Street Commission, and Secretary of 
the Somerset County Agricultural Society, since its organiza- 
tion in 1870. He is also a Duector of the Somerville 
Building Loan Association. He is now engaged as a con- 
tractor and in the insurance business. He is, besides, at 
present .Secretary of the .Speaker of the New Jersey Assembly. 
He was married in 1863 to Miss Van Derbeck, of Laming- 
ton. New Jersey. 



( URAXD, JAMES M., of Newark, Diamond-Broker 
and Manufacturer of Fine Jewelry, was born in 
Essex county. New Jersey, March 23d, 1813. 
He is a son of Henry Durand and Electra Bald- 
win, natives of New Jersey, with which the family, 
on both sides, have long been identified. He 
w.as educated at South Orange. Leaving school at the age 
of sixteen he vvgnt to New York city to learn the trade of 
watch-case making, after learning which he settled at Camp- 
town, New Jersey, now known as Irvinglon, one of the 
suburbs of Newark, where he associated himself with his 
uncle, under the firm-name of C. & J. M. Durand, for the 
manufacture of watch-cases and machinery in all its branches, 
he superintending the former part of the business, and his 
uncle the latter. In 1S37 he retired from the Camptown 
establishment, and removed to Newark, becoming the com- 
pany in the firm of Taylor, Baldwin & Co., jewelry manufac- 
turers. This firm was succeeded by that of Baldwin & Co., 
in which he was also the company, the latter firm being 
succeeded in turn by that of Baldwin & Durand, the busi- 
ness of the three firms together continuing for a period of 
thirteen years. Between the retirement of Baldwin from 
the last mentioned firm and the forming of the present firm 
there were two other firms, Durand & Annin, and Durand, 
C.irter & Co., the latter expiring in 1S62, when the present 
one, Durand & Co., was formed, he being, as will be observed, 
the only constant quantity throughout these combinations, a 
fact due in part no doubt to circumstances, yet in some 
measure expressive of the stability and persistence of his 
strongly m.arked character. It is seldom mere accident that 
leads one to keep his place in the figure during so lively a 
change of partners. A firm foot and a level head are apt to 
have something to do with it. Certain it is at any rate that 
he has both of these requisites to a successful business career, 
as also that his own career has been in fact eminently suc- 
cessful. For forty years he has been a leading manufacturer 
in Newark, and his prosperity, instead of standing still or 
waning, is increasing .year by year, not even the present 



hard times materially checking it, allhough his business is 
in itself restricted and exclusive, diamonds being a vciy 
dispensable sort of luxury to the million, and hardly an 
absolute necessity even to the upper ten thousand. His 
establishment, which is large and admirably arranged for its 
purposes, employs, when running at full force, some 150 
men, the products being of the finest jewelry, and the annual 
sales, in good times, amounting to over S6cX),ooo. He trades 
directly with the retailers, supplying houses in all quarters 
of the United States, though of course not many houses in 
any one quarter, the commodities being too costly for general 
use. It speaks well for his business, and still better, perhaps, 
for his management of it, that it successfully weathered the 
late financial storm, and has steadily held on through the 
succeeding dead calm, ready lo catch the first breath of the 
returning breeze, and go forward at the old rate of speed or 
at a higher one. Of his marked abilities as a business man 
there can be no question. That they are not questioned by 
his fellow-citizens may be inferred from the various trusts 10 
which at different times he has been called, having been 
.an Alderman of the Ninth Ward for two years, and being at 
present one of the Trustees of the American Trust Company, 
of Newark, a Director of several of the most prominent Fire 
Insurance Companies in th.at city, and President of the Mer- 
chants' National Bank. He was married in 1832 to Sarah 
Ann Carroll, of New York city. 



^UNTER, REV. ANDREW, D.D., Chaplain in 
the Revolutionai-y Army, Professor of Mathematics 
and Astronomy, late of Burlington, New Jersey, 
was born in New Jersey circe 1750, and studied 
at Princeton College, graduating from that 
institution in 1772. During the conflict between 
the colonies and Great Britain he labored with fearless zeal 
as an encouraging counsellor and spiritual exhorter among 
the men of '76, and, at a later date, engaged in teaching in 
a chassical school at Woodbury. He was then occupied for 
a time in agricultural pursuits, and the cultiv.ation ol a farm, 
on the Delaware near Trenton. From 1804 to iSoS he 
presided as Professor of Mathematics and Astronomy in his 
Alma Mn/er; and, in the course of the following year, 
became the head of an academy in Bordentown, New Jersey. 
He afterwards accepted a Chaplaincy in the Washington 
navy-yard. In the Trenton newspaper, of Monday, Decem- 
ber 30lh, 1799, is the following notice: "The Rev. Mr. 
Hunter, who officiated yesterday for Mr. Armstrong, after 
reading the President's proclamation respecting the general 
mourning for the death of General W^ashington, gave the 
intimation in substance, as follows : ' Your pastor desires 
me to say on the present mournful occasion, that while one 
sentiment — to mourn the death and honor the memory of 
General Washington — penetrates every breast, the proclama- 
tion which you have just heard read, he doubts not, will be 
duly attended to; yet believing, as he does, that he bul 



BIOGRAPHICAL EXCYCLOP.€DIA. 



anlicipates the wishes of those for whom the intimation is 
given, Mr. Armstrong requests the female part of his audience 
ill the city of Trenton and Maidenhead, as a testimony of 
respect for, and condolence with Mrs. Washington, to wear 
for three months, during their attendance on divine service, 
such badges of mourning as their discretion may direct.' " 
His second wife was Maiy Stockton, a daughter of Richard 
Stockton, signer of the Declaration of Independence. He 
liad an uncle, also Rev. Andrew Hunter, who was a pastor 
in Cumberland county, New Jei^ey, 1 746-1 760. He married 
Ann Stockton, a cousin of Richard Stockton, and died in 
1775. His widow was buried in the Tienton church-yard, 
in October, iSoo, and the funeral sermon on that occasion 
was delivered by President Smith. He was a loyal and 
learned divine, a man of excellent parts, scrupulous in the 
performance of every duty, and tireless in his efforts to 
improve the moral condition of those around him, and to 
promote the welfare of his State and countiy. He died in 
Barlington, New Jersey, February 24th, 1S23. 



fd^^ 



K, 



IRK, HON. WILLIAM HENRY, Builder and 
State Senator, of Newark, son of the late John H. 
Kirk, and descended from a Hollandish family, 
resident in New Jersey from early colonial times, 
was born in New York, 1813. Having received 
a sound English education in New York, he moved 
with his parents to New Jersey, whence they had originally 
come, and which they had always regarded as their home. 
Here he served an apprenticeship to the trade of carpentry, 
subsequently studied architecture, and eventually established 
himself as an architect and builder. His business, founded 
on the substantial basis of a thorough knowledge of its 
details, rapidly increased ; his reputation for reliability 
extended, and his operations spread far beyond the limits 
of the town to which they were at first confined : among 
his works are to be included many of the finest public and 
private buildings in the State. Occupying so conspicuous a 
position in business circles, he naturally became prominent 
in pulilic affairs. In 1S71 he was elected one of the Chosen 
Freeholders of Essex county, and this was followed in 1S73 
by his election, on the Republican ticket, to the Legislative 
Assembly of the State. In the lower house he quickly made 
his presence felt by his able and determined opposition to 
the Reformed School Bill, a measure introduced in the 
interest of the church of Rome ; his action being so well 
to the liking of his constituents that he was re-elected in the 
following year. During his second term the Roman Catholic 
Protectory Bill was introduced, and was met by him with 
determined opposition. Owing to his efforts the bill was 
greatly reduced in its demands, but he was unable to bar its 
passage. Carried up into the Senate, the effect of his vigorous 
denunciation of the bill in the House— aided by his personal 
appeals to Senators — awakened a spirit of resistance that in the 



end determined in its defeat ; and the constitutional amend- 
ment of 1875 removed the matter beyond the chances of 
future legislation. In the year that he won this substantial 
vi. ;ory he was nominated State Senator, and so entirely had 
his conduct received the popular approval that he was elected 
by an altogether unprecedented majority of some 4,0001 In 
this election the whole Romanist interest of the district was 
brought to bear against him, making his success the more 
striking, and the more strikingly convincing of the esteem in 
which he is held. As a Senator he has evinced the same 
strong qualities that made him a leader in the lower house, 
and he is regarded in Newark as a worthy representative of 
the first city of the State. 



ACWHORTER, REV. ALEX.'.NDER, D. D.— 
conferred by Yale College in 1 776 — an eminent 
Presbyterian divine, late of Newark, New Jersey, 
was born in Newcastle county, Delaware, July 
15th, 1734, and graduated from the New Jersey 
College in 1757. His father, Hugh MacWhorter, 
was a native of Ireland. In 1759 he settled near Newark, 
New Jersey; and from 1764 to 1766 was employed by the 
Synod of New York and Philadelphia in a mission to North 
Carolina. In 1775 he was sent by CongT«s to the western 
counties of North Carolina, to persuade the numerous royalists 
of that State to adopt the patriot cause, and aid in resisting the 
growing tyranny of the mother country. Near the close of 
1776 he hastened to the army encamped on the Pennsylvania 
shore, opposite Trenton, to consult concerning the protection 
of New Jersey, and was present at the council of war which 
advised the passage of the Delaware, and the surprise of 
the Hessian troops. In 177S, at the solicitation of General 
Knox, he accepted the Chaplaincy of his artillery brigade, 
and enjoyed friendly relations with Washington during the 
few months that he held this office. In 1779 he accepted 
a pastorate and the Presidency of Charlotte Academy, in 
Mecklenburg county. North Carolina ; but the place being 
captured by Cornwallis, he lost his library and furniture, and, 
fearing further attacks, was recalled, and finally reinstalled 
at Newark, New Jersey. In 1788 he was a prominent actor 
in the settlement of the confession of faith, and the formation 
of the constitution of the Presbyterian Church of the United 
States. He was for thirty-five years a Trustee of the College 
of New Jersey ; and, after the burning of the college build- 
ings in 1802, the collection of funds for a new edifice was 
chiefly due to his influence, and personal solicitations in 
New England. In 1800 he published a " Century Sermon," 
describing the settlement and progress of the town of Newark, 
New Jersey, and its environs; and in 1803 a collection of 
sermons, in 2 vols., 8vo. His deep religious impressions 
began to influence him strongly when but sixteen years of 
age; and after being ordained in 1759 he was minister of 
the First Presbyterian Church, with slight interruptions, for 
a period extending over nearly a half century. He possessed 




'^'U^Jiil Cs fhiUidf 



^^^y-T'Z-S^ , 



^^C^^^^^^^^~ 



BIOGRArillCAL ENCVCLOP.KDIA. 



337 



a vii^orniw ami souiul intenect , and was rcspeclcd for the 
exlenl ol his Icainitig, aiul his earnest piety as a minister. 
Ills wife, Mary (Ciininiinj^) MacWhurter, was a sister of 
Rev. A. Cumming, of Uoston, Massachusetts. In the 
'• History of Newark,' by Dr. Steam, is found a full account 
of his Ufe and labors, as patriot and pastor, through the 
troublous days of the struggle for independence down to the 
time of his decease. After a career of remarkable useful- 
ness, and experiences of a varied and suggestive nature, he 
died at Newark, New Jersey, July 20th, 1S07. 



'*||ACON, REV. GEORGE B., late of Orange, New 

Jersey, was born in New Haven, Connecticut, 
May 23d, 1836, and was the son of the venerable 
Dr. Leonard Bacon. A delicate boy and youth, 
his studies were more or less interrupted. After 
due preparation he became a student at Y.ile Col- 
lege, as a member of the class of 1S56, but was unable to 
complete the usual course of study on account of ill health. 
He received, however, his degree in due time. After leav- 
ing college he sailed with Commodore Foote to Japan, and 
before his return home visited also China and Siam. After 
this season of foreign travel, which greatly benefited his 
health, he entered the ministry of the Congregational 
Church, and in 1861 accepted a call to the pastorate of the 
church in Orange. "The Valley Church," Oliver Johnson 
says in The Orange Journal, " was the chief scene of his 
life and work, to which he lovingly gave his service bygiv- 
ing his whole heart. It was precious to him beyond all 
expression. He would have faithfully loved and served 
any flock of the Lord Jesus over which he might have been 
set in charge, for his nature was tenderness, sympathy, and 
fidelity; but this church was his first charge, and he their 
first pastor, ordained among them in 1861, when he was 
twenty-five years of age. He and they had wrought upon 
each other from the beginning with a subtle interchange, 
an unconscious reciprocation of mental, moral, spiritual in- 
fluence, until the union had become in their mind and his 
sacred ajmost as wedding-bonds." Dr. Bacon was a valued 
contributor to the press. He died September 15th, 1876. 



'HABERT, ROMEO F., M. D., Physici.an, of IIo- 
hoken, is a native of London, England, in which 
metropolis he was born, August gth, 1S28. His 
father, Xavier Chabert, was born in Avignon, 
France, and was an oflficer under Napoleon Bona- 
parte; his mother, Mary Ann Falser, was a native 
of Bristol, England. In the year 1S30 the family removed 
to the United States, and established their residence in the 
city of New York. The education of Romeo Chabert was 
43 



obtained at the celebrated French school of Peu^nct & 
Brothers, in New York city. The medical profession h.id 
been decided upon, .and in the year 1S54 he commenced 
the study of medicine, matriculating at the New York Uni- 
versity. He graduated from the university in the sprin^T 
of 1856, having had the advantage of studying under Dr. 
Valentine Mott, and soon afterwards commenced profes- 
sional i>ractice in New York. He remained there one 
year, and during that time he attended and graduated from 
the New York Ophthalmic School. . In 1S58 he removed 
to Hoboken, and there he has since resided, actively en- 
gaged in professional labors, and at present stands in the 
front rank. He is connected with the New Jersey State 
Medical Society, the District Medical Society of Hudson 
county, the New Jersey Academy of Medicine, and the 
Jersey City Pathological Society. He has been a delegate 
from the State Medical Society of New Jersey to those of 
New York and Massachusetts, and was a delegate to the 
American Medical Association, in 1S64, from the Hudson 
County Medical .Society. For one year he acted as the 
Physician for the city of Hoboken, and one year Superin- 
tendent of Public Schools. For fifteen years he has been 
connected with St. Mary's Hospital, of Hoboken, in the 
capacity of Attending Surgeon, and during the last two 
years he acted as Consulting Surgeon. This hospital, it 
may be remarked, is the first charity hospital founded in 
the State. In 1S60 Dr. Chabert was commissioned Divis- 
ion Surgeon of the Second Division New Jersey State 
National Guard, under General E. R. V. Wright. He is 
enthusiastically attached to his profession, is still a clore 
student, and is a hard and earnest as well as an eminently 
successful worker. He was married, October 21st, 1S47, 
to Harriet A. Hope, of New York. 



w> 



lELD, HON. RICHARD .STOCKTON, LL. D., 
C^'^lkl J"'''*'' Ji"'t;<^. Attorney-General of New Jersey, 

late of Princeton, New Jersey, was born at ^Vhite- 
(^f/) hill, Burlington county, New Jersey, December 
£ '^? 31st, 1S03, and graduated from the New Jersey 

College in 1S21. The history of the family de- 
scent is veiled in some obscurity, but it is given as certain 
that he was descended from the same family as John Field, 
the celebrated English astronomer of the middle of the 
sixteenth century, who was the first to avail himself of the 
Copernican system as a basis for calculations for practical 
purposes, in his " Ephemeris Anni 1557 currentis, Juxta 
Copernici et Reinhaldi Canones fideliter per Joannem 
Field." This work, which was of considerable magnitude, 
was undertaken at the suggestion of the famous Dr. Dee, 
and was probably the first publication which gave to the 
discoveries and researches of Copernicus the attention and 
prominence they merited. He was born about the year 
1520, and was a son of Richard Fickle, of Ardsley, who, it 



338 



EIOCRAPIIICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 



AAA> 



J- 



• W 



is asserted, was a grandson of Wiiliam Fielde, or Feld, of 
Bradford, who died in 1480. In 1555, the year preceding 
the publication of his first " Ephemeris," he was admitted 
Fellow of Lincoln's College, Oxford. About 1560 he mar- 
ried Jane Aniyas, a daughter of John Amyas, of Kent, and 
removed from London, where he had been living, to Ards- 
ley, where he died in 1587. He published an " Ephemeris" 
for 1558, and another for 1559, in each of which he sus- 
tained with increasing force and earnestness the value of 
the system that he had been instrumental in introducing 
into his native country. " It was in recognition of the 
great service which he had thus rendered to the cause of 
science that he received a patent in 1558, authorizing him 
to wear as a crest over his family arms a j-^d right arm 
issuing from the clouds and supporting a golden sphere, 
thereby intimating the splendor of the Copernican dis- 
covery. There is a seal in the possession of the family at 
Princeton which was no doubt handed down from one 
generation to another : on one side is the family coat-of- 
arms; on another is the crest before referred to — an arm 
supporting a globe ; and on the third side ' R. F.,' the in- 
itials of the name of Robert Field, the emigrant ancestor 
of the family in this country. John Field had nine chil- 
dren, from the second of whom, Malhew, bnrn at .\rdsley, 
in 1563, it has been attempted to trace the American family 
of that name. This, however, is considered to be erroneous, 
while it is admitted th.it the American family are descended 
from William of Bradford, the supposed great-grandfather 
of the astronomer, which, if correct, would make Richard 
Fielde, the father of John, and John Fielde, the known an- 
cestor of the emigrant, first cousins." William Fielde, de- 
ceased in 1559, had a son, also William, who died in 1619, 
leaving Robert, born about 1605, who married, May l8th, 
1630, Elizabeth Taylor, with whom he came to New Eng- 
land in 1635, or nine years later. In 1645 he removed 
with his family to Newtown, Long Island, and with others 
received from Governor Keift a patent for a tract of land 
known as the Flushing P.itent, which was dated October 
lOth, 1645. He had five children; the second, Anthony, 
died in 1691, and had two children, the eldest of whom, 
John, settled in Bound Brook, New Jersey, in 1685, and 
was the founder of the family in that .State. His direct de- 
scendants, as far as they can be traced, are Robert Field, 
born January 6th, 1694; married Mary, daughter of Samuel 
and Susanna Taylor, by whom he had Robert, born May 
9th, 1723, and married Maiy, daughter of Oswald and 
Lydia Peale, He died January 29lh, 1775, and had post- 
humous issue, Robert C. Field, born .\pril 5th, 1775. He 
graduated at Princeton College in 1793, and in 1797 mar- 
ried Abby, daughter of Richard Stockton and Annis Boudi- 
not. He died in iSio, leaving five children. He was 
also a nephew of Richard Field, one of the signers of the 
Declaration of Independence. In the year following his 
father's death he removed with his family to Princeton, 
where Mrs, Field's family resided, and there received his 



education, being eventually graduated with high honors by 
Princeton College. He then entered upon a course of leg.al 
studies with his maternal uncle, the eminent jurist, Richard 
Stockton, and in February, 1825, was admitted to the bar. 
He afterward removed to Salem, in his native State, where 
he was engaged in professional labors until 1832, the dale 
of his return to Princeton. For several years he was a 
member of the State Legislature, and in P'ebruary, 183S, 
received from Governor Pennington the appointment of 
.•\ttorney-General, which office he resigned, however, in 
1841. He was an influential and leading member of the 
convention which met at Trenton, May 14th, 1S44, and 
formed the present constitution of the St.ate; and when, in 
1851, it was resolved to form an association of the surviving 
members of that convention, he was chosen to deliver the 
address at its first annual meeting. That address, delivered 
February 1st, 1 853, has been printed, and contains an elo- 
quent memorial of the great convention which, sixty-six 
years before, met in Philadelphia, and, with Washington as 
its President, formed the Constitution of the United States-, 
In the New Jersey Historical Society, whose third President 
he was at the time of his death, he always took a warm and 
generous interest ; and to its publications contributed his 
most elaborate work, " The Provincial Courts of New 
Jersey, with .Sketches of the Bench and Bar." It forms 
the third volume of the " Collections," and was the subject 
of two discourses delivered by him in January and May, 
184S. At the meeting of the society, in September, 1851, 
he read a vakuable paper on the "Trial of the Rev. William 
Tennent for Perjury, in 1742," which was printed in the 
proceedings of the meeting ; and to the Princelon Rcvieiu, 
July, 1852, contributed the leading article on "The Publi- 
cations of the New Jersey Historical Society," nolicing 
especially " The Papers of Governor Lewis Morris." In 
1 85 1 he was elected one of the Executive Committee, and 
held this position until 1865, when, on the elevation of 
Hon. James Parker to the presidency, at the decease of 
Hon, Joseph C. Hornblower, he became Vice-President. 
In 186S, on the de.ath of the former, he succeeded him in 
the Presidency. At the annual meeting, in January, 1S65, 
he delivered an "Address on the Life and Character of 
Chief.Justice Hornblower ; " and at the January meeting, 
in 1869, a similar one on his predecessor. President Parker. 
He was also deeply interested in the public education sys- 
tem of his State and country, and upon the organization of 
the State Normal School, in 1S55, was chosen President 
of the Board of Trustees. This position he filled with ad- 
mirable energy and ability until the day of his decease, and 
evei7 annual report made to the Legislature by the board 
was made by him. For several years he presided as Pro- 
fessor in the law school connected with Princeton College, 
" which owed its very existence to his energy and talent," 
and in 1859 his Ahiia MntiT conferred upon him the de- 
gree of Doctor of Laws. During the conflict between the 
North and South " he was a staunch supporter of the gov- 



BlOGRArillCAL EXCYCI.OP.KDIA. 



339 



ernnient," and took t\. decided stand velntive to certain 
constitutional views and theories, which he upheld with 
energy and warmth. July 4th, 1S61, by request of his 
fellow-townsmen, he delivered an oration, with "The Con- 
stitution not a Compact between Sovereign States " as his 
subject and point of departure. On the death of Hon. 
John R. Thomson, a Senator in Congress from New Jersey, 
he was appointed, in the following November, by Gover- 
nor Olden, to fill the unexpired term. January 2Ist, 1S63, 
he was appointed, by Lincoln, Judge of the United States 
District Court for the District of New Jersey. While serv- 
ing as a member of the Senate he delivered a speech, " or 
rather argument," on the discharge of State prisoners, Jan- 
uary 7th, IS63, which excited the attention of a large por- 
tion of the Republican party, and its supporters of the press. 
He therein defended the position that the right to suspend 
the writ of habeas corpus was vested in the President, and 
not in Congress. On taking his seat upon the bench of the 
United States District Court he delivered " a most learned 
and excellent charge " to the grand jury, which has since 
been printed in a pamphlet of twenty-four pages. In his 
judicial life he has been described by District-Attorney 
Keasbey as " a wise, upright and fearless and merciful 
judge." The same gentleman then continues : " Only one 
decision of his was ever reversed; that was one in which 
the Supreme Court were at first almost evenly divided, and 

ordered a new argument He had a keen perception 

of the real point and merits of a case He was fully 

acquainted with the fountains of English eloquence, and 
his mind was so stored with the fruits of his learning that 
he had a rare facility of expression. He always preferred 
to charge juries or decide case? on the spot. He could al- 
ways do it better than if he stopped to think or write. I 
think that if we could reproduce simply his addresses to 
prisoners about to be sentenced, they would be striking 
models of manly and tender exhortation." He cherished 
a warm admiration for Lincoln, and, February 12th, 1S66, 
the anniversary of the President's birthday, at the request 
of the Legislature of New Jersey, delivered an excellent 
oration on the life and character of thai great citizen and 
statesman. At the Centennial Celebration of the American 
Whig Society of the College of New Jersey, in June, 1869, 
he delivered his last public address, " and it is one marked 
by great purity of style and graceful erudition," on his favor- 
ite theme of education. His various contributions to the 
New Jersey " Collections," and his numerous discourses 
and addresses, are valued additions to American special 
literature, and contain much material of permanent interest 
to the general student, as well as to the historian and anti- 
quary. Li April, 1S70, while in the discharge of his duties 
on the bench, he was stricken with a paralysis, and after 
uttering some incoherent remarks fell "senseless from his 
seat. He was then carried from the court-room to his 
home, where, after lingering a few weeks in a totally un- 
conscious stale, he died, May 25th, 1870. In 1831, while 



residing at Salem, he married Mary Ritchie, l)y whom he 
had five children. She died, Scptendicr 8th, 1852. He is 
thus described by Charles Henry Hart, LL. B., historio- 
grapher of the Numismatic and Antiriuarian .Society of 
Philadelphia : " One of the most striking points of his char- 
acter, and one to be fondly cherished, for it reveals better, 
perhaps, than any other could, the inmost recesses of his 
heart, was his warm love of nature an<l of nature's works. 
The spacious grounds about his residence at Princeton 
were remarkable for the rich collection of trees and flowers 
there cultivated, comprising specimens from the remotest 
parts of the earth. These he tended with an almost ]in- 
rental affection, and the name of each, with its peculiarity 
and locality, was firmly fastened on his n^emory. He at- 
tended the services of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and 
in its councils was an active worker, being repeatedly a 
Delegate both to the Diocesan and General Conventions, 



JOBESON, JAMES M., Lawyer, born November 
1st, 1819, near Eelvidere, the county-seat of 
Warren county. New Jersey, was admitted to 
the bar in the year 1 848, and held the office 
of Prosecutor of the Pleas for the county of 
Warren for a term of five years. He was ap- 
pointed by the Legislature of the State of New Jersey, in 
1S72, Law Judge for the county of Warren for the term 
of five years, which office he held for two years, and re- 
signed and returned to the practice of the law in liis native 
county of Warren. 



ARKE, BENJAMIN, Jurist, Judge, President of 
the Indiana Historical Society, late of Salem, 
Indiana, was born in New Jersey in 1 777. He 
was one of the earliest of those hardy and en- 
terprising Westei'n pioneers who carried civili- 
zation with them into the lonely wilds of the 
Indian country, and settled in Indiana in 1799 or iSoo. 
He was a delegate to Congress from that Territory in 
1805-1808; and subsequently w.is appointed by Mr. 
Jefferson a Judge of the District Court, which office he 
held until his decease. He was for several years Presi- 
dent of the Indiana Historical Society, and during his 
administration of its affairs ably assisted in promoting 
its development and prosperity. He died at Salem, 
Indiana, July 12th, 1835, His name is associated with 
the early annals of his adopted State ; and he was always 
a prime mover in the various measures devised and 
carried into execution to assist in the furtherance of its 
general interests. 



34° 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOr.EDIA. 



cy 



ORCE, PETER, Historian, Jovirnalist, late of 
Washinglon, District of Columbia, was born at 
Passaic Falls, New Jeriey, November 26th, 1790. 
William Force, his father, a revolutionary soldier, 
moved to New York city in 1793. In that place 
he learned the printer's trade, and in 1S12 was 
chosen to fill the Presidential Chair of the Typographers' 
Society. In November, 1815, he removed to Washington, 
where he began the publication of Tlu National Calendar, 
in 1820, and continued it with varying success till 1836. 
From November 12th, 1823, to Februaiy 2d, 1S30, he pub- 
lished also The National Journal, a political newspaper, 
which was the official organ during_^lhe administration of 
John Quincy Adams. He served for several years as City 
Councilman and Alderman ; from 1836 to 1840 presided as 
Mayor of the city of Washington ; rose by successive steps 
to the rank of Major-General of Militia in 1S60, and was 
Vice-President, then President, of the National Institute for 
the Promotion of Science, at the capital. In 1S33 he made 
a contract with the United States government for the prep- 
aration and publication of a documentary history of the 
American colonies, of which nine folio volumes have since 
appeared, covering the period from March, 1 774, to the end 
of 1776, and embodying original documents illustrating the 
history of the Revolution. He prepared a tenth volume, 
which is, however, yet unpublished. This important work 
occupied him for over thirty-five years, and in its prosecu- 
tion he gathered a collection of books, manuscripts, maps, 
and papers relating to .American history, which in complete- 
ness and value is not equalled by any other collection in 
the world on the same subject. He has published also four 
volumes of historical tracts, relating chiefly to the origin 
and settlement of the American colonies ; " Grinnell Land," 
1852; and "Record of Auror.il Phenomena," 1856. His 
collection, MSS., books, etc., now forms a part of the Con- 
gressional Library. His son. Manning Ferguson Force, 
who graduated at Hars-ard University in 1845, was a 
Brigadier-General in the war for the Union, appointed 
August nth, 1S63 ; and March 13th, 1865, for distinguished 
services, received the appointment of Brevet Major-General. 
He died at Washington, Januaiy 23d, 1868. 



:OLLOCK, REV. SHEPPARD KOSCIUSKO, 
D. D., Presbyterian Clergyman, Professor of 
Rhetoric and Logic, Author, brother of Rev. 
Heniy KoUock, D. D., late of Elizabethtown, 
New Jersey, was born in that place, June 29th, 
1795, and graduated from Princeton College in 
1812. He subsequently filled the position of Professor of 
Rhetoric and Logic in the University of North Carolina. 
In June, 1S14, he was licensed to preach, and iiu May, 
1818, was ordained pastor of the Presbyterian Church in 
Oxford, North Carolina. From 1825 to 1835 he filled the 



pastorate of the Presbyterian Church in Norfolk, Virginia, 
and afterwards was zealously occupied in pastoral labors 
in Buriington and Greenwich, New Jersey. In 1822 he 
published an edition of " Henry Kollock's Sermons, wiih 
Memoir," four vols., 8vo. ; and at different periods : " Min- 
isterial Character," " Best Method of Delivering Sermons," 
" Eulogy on Edmund M. M.ison,""On Duelling," "On 
the Perseverance of the Saints," and " Pastoral Remi- 
niscences," New York, i2nio., 1849. He died at Elizabeth- 
town, New Jersey, April 7th, 1865. 



E CAMP, REAR-ADMIRAL JOHN, United 
States Navy, late of Burlington, was born at 
Morristown, New Jersey, in 1812. On October 
1st, 1827, he received the appointment of Mid- 
shipman in the navy, from the State of Florida, 
and was first put on active service in the sloop 
" Vandalia," on the Brazilian Squadron, in 1829-30. He 
was promoted to Passed Midshipman on June loth, 1833. 
In 1837 he was on duty on the frigate "Constellation," of 
the West India Squadron, and on February 28th, 183S, was 
appointed Lieutenant. He was again on the Brazilian sta- 
tion in 1840, being attached to the sloop " Peacock," and 
to the sloop " Boston," of the same squadron, during 1845- 
46. In the war with Mexico in 1846-47 he distinguished 
himself at the battle of Vera Cruz. In 1S50 he was ordered 
to the Pacific Squadron on the sloop " Falmouth," and in 
1854 to the coast of Africa, attached to the frigate " Consti- 
tution," receiving his commission as Commander on Sep- 
tember 14th, 1855. Subsequently he was appointed Light- 
house Inspector, and was attached to the Brooklyn navy- 
yard in that capacity. He was next appointed to the 
store-ship "Relief," and in 1861, on the outbreak of the 
rebellion, he was ordered to the command of the steam 
sloop " Iroquois," on the West Gulf Blockading Squadron. 
The " Iroquois," which was one of the fleet of FlagOfiicer 
Farragut, which made the passage of Forts Jackson and 
Philip on April 24th, 1S62, had been placed on picket duty 
about a mile in advance of the main squadron, on the night 
of the 23d. In the passage of the forts she was in the second 
division, under Captain Bell. Eariy on the morning of 
April 24th the " Iroquois " hotly engaged the forts, and 
shortly after four o'clock a rebel ram and a gunboat, which 
had run astern of her, poured into her a destructive fire of 
grapeshot and langrage, the latter being composed mostly 
of copper-slugs. Driving off the gunboat with an 11 -inch 
shell and a stand of canister, the " Iroquois " proceeded, 
and in a little while, still under a terribly severe fire from 
Fort St. Philip, as she was passing that fort, she was at- 
tacked by five or six rebel steamers, but giving each a broad- 
side of shell as she passed, succeeded in completely destroy- 
ing them. Four miles farther down the river she captured 
forty rebel soldiers and a well-equipped gunboat. The 



BIOGRArillCAL ENCYCLOr.EDIA. 



341 



" Iroquois " iluriiis; the fight was badly injured in her luill, 
besides havini; eiglit of her men killed and twenly-fuur 
wounded. I'Voin this time forward Commander De Camp 
took active part in all the engagements on the Mississippi 
up to and including the capture of Vicksburg. He was 
commissioned Captain July l6th, 1862, for gallantry at New 
Orleans. In 1863-64 he commanded the frigate " Wabash," 
of the South Atlantic Squadron, and was commissioned 
Commodore September 2Sth, 1866. He was placed in 
charge of the " Potomac," store-ship, during 1866-67 ^'■ 
Pensacola, and performed his last active duty as com- 
mander of the same vessel while she was stationed at Phila- 
delphia as receiving-ship in 1868-69. He w.as made Rear- 
Admiral of the Retired List on July 13th, 1870. Eighteen 
of the forty-three yeai-s he was in tlie service he passed in 
active duties at sea, being known during that time as one 
of the bravest and ablest of the old school of naval officers. 
An illustration of his bravery is given in the fact that, on 
one occasion, while ill, he caused himself to be fastened in 
the chains of his vessel during an engagement, and lost part 
of one of his ears by a piece of shell from a rebel mortar. 
Ill 1 87 1 Admiral De Camp took up his residence in Burling- 
ton, and, as regularly as his impaired health would permit, 
attended the service there of St. Maiy's Episcopal Church, 
having, during the closing years of his life, given serious 
attention to religious matters. A day was fixed for his 
public baptism in that church, but the event had to be post- 
poned by reason of an attack of illness. He was, however, 
baptized by the Rev. Dr. Hills, rector of St. Mary's, while 
lying on his sick-bed, on June 14th, 1S75. He died ten 
days after, aged si.xty-three years, and was buried at Morris- 
town, New Jersey. 



tcWHORTER. This family is of Scotch extrac- 
tion, the name, as originally written, and as still 
written in Scotland, being McWhirter. The an- 
cestors of the American branch of the family be- 
longed to a small clan that bore the name of 
McWhirter, and, with other lowlandcrs, etni- 
gT.ated in the early part of the seventeenth century to the 
north of Ireland. Of their history little or nothing is known 
prior to about 1700. Records exist showing Hugh 
McWhirter to have been settled, at the beginnin" of the 
eighteenth century, as a linen merchant, at Armagh. In 
1730, at the solicitation of his son Alex.inder, he emi- 
grated to America. He settled in the county of New 
Castle, where he became a prominent fanner and an elder 
in the Presbyterian Church. By his only wife, Jane, he 
had eleven children. He died in 1748. Of his numerous 
children, the eldest, Alexander, who had been educated for 
the Presbyterian ministry and had spent two years at the 
University of Edinburgh, died in 1734 without issue; John 
migrated to North Carolina, where he married j and Nancy 



married Alexander Osborn ; and Jane, John r.rcvard, of the 
same province. The youngest of the eleven cliildrin, 
Alexander, was born July I5lh (O. S.), 1734, the year of 
the death of his elder brother, after whom he was named. 
He also was educated for the ministry, and became a very 
prominent divine of the Presbyterian Church. In 1758 he 
married Mary, daughter of Robert Cumming, of Freehold, 
High Sheriff of the county of Monmouth, and sister of 
General Cumming, of the Continental army. He died |uly 
20th, 1807. His children were: -I. Mary, who married 
Samuel Beebe, a merchant of New York; 2. Ann, who 
married the Rev. George Ogilvie, rector of the Episcopal 
Church at New Brunswick; 3. Alexander Cumming 
McWhorter— the first to change the name from McWhirter 
—born in 177 '.died October Sth, I80S, a distinguished mem- 
ber of the New Jersey bar, and one of the most prominent 
citizens of Newark ; 4. John, who married Martha Dwight, 
of Newark, by whom he had three children ; all of these died 
without issue. Alexander C. McWhorter married Phosbe, 
daughter of Caleb Bruen, of Newark; by her he had six 
children: I. Alexander Cumming, born January 7th, 1794, 
died .\ugust 26th, 1826; he married, in 1818, Frances C. 
G., daughter of United States Senator John Lawrence, 
having by her several children, all of whom died save 
Alexander. Alexander married and abode in New Haven. 
His marriage was without issue. II. George IL, born 
1795, died 1S62. He married, in 1S19, Margaret T., 
daughter of United States Senator John Lawrence, and 
abode in Oswego, New York, becoming a prominent citizen 
of that place. " He had issue two sons: I. Alexander C, 
who married Cecilia Bronson, of Oswego, and had issue 
one son, Alexander C. ; and 2. George Cumming, unmar- 
ried. III. Julia Anna, born 1798, died 1846; married 
1S26; died without issue. IV. Mary Cumming, born iSoo, 
died 1861 ; married to Josiah B. Howell, by whom she had 
five children. V. Frances Cornelia, died in childhood. 
VI. Adriana V. B., born iSoS, died 1S63; married, 1835, 
to Herman Bruen, having issue Adriana and Herman. 



ILLER, HON. JACOB W,, L.awyer and States- 
man, late of Mornstown, was born in Novemlitr, 
1800, in German Valley, Morris county. New [er- 
sey. He received an excellent education, and, 
having resolved to devote himself to the profes- 
sion of the law, entered the office of Willi.-.m W. 
Miller, an elder brother, who died in early manhood, I ut 
whose eloquence still lingers in the traditions of the bar of 
the State. With this brother he studied the presirihcd 
course of five years, when he was admitted to the bar, at 
which he soon acquired a large and lucrative practice, jiar- 
ticularly in the higher courts, acquiring also distinction as a 
counsellor. As a lawyer he was remarkable for industry, 
fai.hfulness, tact, fervent and impressive oratoiy, and, above 



342 



EIOGRAPIIICAL EN'CVCLOP.EDIA. 



all, common sense, a kinJ of sense more rare than genius, 
if not more valuable, and which marked his career in the 
Senate not less than at the bar, stamping indeed its sage 
imprint on his whole life. He at one time was associated 
in the practice of law with Mr. Edward W. Whelpley, a 
young and gifted attorney, who afterwards became Chief- 
Justice of the Supreme Court of New Jersey. In 183S he 
entered public life, the \Vhigs having nominated him for 
tlie State Senate and elected him by a large majority. He 
represented his district in the Senate of the State for two 
years with such usefulness and distinction, that at the close 
of the term, in 1S40, he was elected to represent his State 
in the Senate of the United States, discharging his duties on 
that high theatre, then crowded with the most illustrious 
figures of our parliamentary history, so ably and acceptably 
that, on the expiration of his term, in 1846, he was re- 
elected, serving two full terms in the upper house of the 
first legislative body in the world, when that body, in both 
branches, was at the zenith of its glorj-. It may be justly 
said to the credit of his character and his powers, that in a 
Senate which included Clay, Webster and Calhoun, with 
Benton, Wright, Grundy, BeiTien, Mangum, Crittenden, 
Buchanan, McDufifie, Corvvin, Reverdy Johnson, Cass, 
Rives, Pearce and Bayard, he was not thrown into the back- 
ground, but stood throughout among the principal figures of 
the scene, comm.inding their respect, enjoying their friend- 
ship, and participating with honor in their most renowned 
debates. He, however, spoke but seldom, reserving him- 
self in general for the more important questions of debate, 
content as for the rest with a vigikant attention to the busi- 
ness of legislation, including a diligent study of proposed or 
pending measures, practising as a statesman the industry, 
thoroughness and fidelity that had characterized him as a 
lawyer. It was partly on this account, perhaps, that when 
he did spe.ik, he spoke with great effect, but certainly much 
more on account of the knowledge, fairness, ability, wisdom, 
and eloquence with which he spoke. Towards the close of 
his first term in the Federal Senate, the annexation of 
Texas came up in that body, and upon this question he de- 
livered one of the ablest and most impassioned of his 
speeches, opposing the measure as contrary to the Constitu- 
tion, dangerous to the public peace, and dishonorable to the 
national char.acter, declaring that, for these reasons, he 
would " reject Texas, were she to bring with her the wealth 
of the Indies," and concluding with a telling citation of the 
report made liy Aristides to the Athenians on the stratagem 
that Themistocles had secretly devised for their benefit : 
" Nothing could be more advarttngeotts, but at the same 
time nothing could be more unjust." A question still more 
momentous came up as his second term approached its 
close, the Compromise of 1S50, that is to say; and in the 
discussion of this complex question, in all its aspects and at 
all its stages, he bore a prominent and effective part. Op- 
jiosing the combination of the several measures of compro- 
mise into a single measure, he supported, after the rejection 



of the combination, known as the " Omnibus Bill," some 
of the measures when put upon their passage separately, 
and, on the passage in this manner of all of the measures, 
sustained the compromise as a whole, though not entirely 
approving every part of it, deeming it, all things con- 
sidered, a scheme of pacification, in which the best interests 
of the Union were involved. On this point his position was 
distinctly and happily stated in one of his latest speeches in 
the Senate : " But, whatever opposition I may have felt it 
my duty to make," he said, " to any or either of the meas- 
ures embraced in the compromise while under discussion, 
yet, as soon as they were enacted into laws, it became my 
duty, as it is the duty of every good citizen, to sustain them 
with as much fidelity as if I had voted for each and all of 
them. In saying this, I but express the common sentiment 
of the people of New Jersey, who have always shown their 
devotion to our republican institutions by a cheerful sub- 
mission to the voice of the majority, when that voice is ex- 
pressed in constitutional law. I am now opposed to all 
further agitation upon this subject. The quiet of the 
country, and even the sanctity of Congress, demand that we 
should cease our disputations. Sir, my abhorrence of agi- 
tation upon this subject is such that it may even carry me 
beyond my instructions ; for I go against agitation on either 
side of this question, agitation as well by those who were 
in favor of the compromise as by those who were against it, 
agitation from the North as well as from the South, agita- 
tion in State Legislatures and in the halls of Congress. Of 
all miserable agitation the most miserable is agitation after 
the fact. It is the cry of alarm after the danger is passed, 
for the mere love of the excitement. To revive a spent 
whirlwind that it may blow down a few more trees, to rouse 
the sleeping lion merely to hear him roar again, may suit 
the tastes of some, but they who indulge in this kind of ex- 
citement may find that there is more danger than amuse- 
ment in the play." Fully to appreciate the point of this 
lively sally, it should be borne in mind that the occasion of 
the speech was the presentation of certain resolutions of the 
Legislature of New Jersey, under the recently-acquired con- 
trol of the Democratic party, instructing the New Jersey 
senators " to resist any change, alteration or repeal" of the 
compromise, instructions which the Whig Senator not un- 
naturally construed as implying a very unnecessary reflection 
upon his fidelity to the measure, and treated willi derision, 
as gratuitously feeding the very agitation they condemned. 
What he thought of this sort of agitation, in whatever quar- 
ter raised, he had told unequivocally enough in an oration 
delivered in his home at Morristown the previous July. 
" I will not say," he observed, on that occasion, " that those 
men who are continually compassing the government with 
wordy threats of violence, or horrifying their imaginations 
with the dissolution of Ihe Union, may be legally chargeable 
with the desire to bring about the death of our king, the 
constitution. Yet they are justly chargeable with that 
moral treason which disturbs the confidence of a loyal peo- 



BIOGRAnilCAL KN'CVCLOl'.EDIA. 



343 



pie in Ihe safety ami -.tability of llieir government, and | 
Uiuleimines llicir alleyianee. Lei us not be moved by llie 
cry of fanatics, nor alarmed at the threats of secessionists ; 
they are as the angry waves which vainly howl about the 
battlements and spend their fury upon the unshaken towers 
of our political fortress. Politicians may fret and fume; 
State conventions may resolve and re-resolve; and Congress 
itself become the arena of fearful agitations; but above and 
around, as in a mighty amphitheatre, in undisturljed and 
undismayed majesty, stands the American people, with 
steady eye and giant hand, overlooking all and governing 
all ; and wo ! wo ! to the man, and destruction to the State, 
that attempts to resist their supreme authority." .Something 
of prophecy had those ringing words. It was about this 
period of his senatorial career that the landing of Kossuth 
on our shores called forth from him two or three of the 
most admirable speeches of his life. Drawing a broad dis- 
tinction between Kossuth as a private individual and as a 
political agitator, he contended that the brilliant but unfor- 
tunate Hungarian should be generously welcomed in the 
former relation, but in the latter let severely alone, ground- 
ing his argument on the Washingtonian policy of non-inter- 
vention in the domestic affairs of foreign countries. " Sir," 
he exclaimed, in one of these speeches, " it is said that we 
have a great mission to perform ; that it is our duty to in- 
terfere, not only by the expression of sympathy, but in some 
other way, which gentlemen do not exactly define, in the 
c.iuse of distressed liumanity in Europe. We have a great 
trust to execute and a great duly to perform ; but, like 
every other duty, domestic, social and political, it is limited ; 
it has its errand. If we go beyond that, if we turn crusad- 
ers, for the purpose of executing that trust and performing 
that duty in other lands, like all crusaders we may get great 
honor, we may be renowned in chivalry and song, but we 
shall neglect the great duties which we have to perform at 
home, where we can perform them to the advantage of 
m.ankind. The altar of our liberty has its own temple. It 
is here. Here let the oppressed of every land come to 
worship. Here let them come if they desire to get rid of 
oppression at lionie, or to warm their patriotism to return to 
renewed efforts abroad. Let them come; but let us not 
take away that altar from our own temple and carry it off 
into the wilderness of European revolution, there to be taken 
by the Philistines, or its fires to be quenched forever be- 
ne.ith an ocean of blood. No, sir; it is here that our duty 
is to be performed." And to his inspired common sense the 
whole country did instant justice, plaudits reaching him on 
account of these speeches, from all quarters of the Lhiion. 
He had touched with a master's hand the common sense 
and common sensibilities of the people. With the expira- 
tion of his second term, in 1852, ended the line of able and 
accomplished senators that the Whigs of New Jersey fur- 
nished to the Union — Frelinghuysen, Southard, Dayton, 
Miller — a line never renewed; for, when power again 
passed from the hands of the Democracy of New Jersey, the 



Whig party was no more. Against this result no nmn 
struggled more zealously or more gallantly than the l.l^t 
Whig senator of the State. In the presidential cani]iaign 
of 1852 he upheld the Whig banner in a succession of mas- 
terly speeches ; and when that radiant standard had gone 
down in what proved to be irretrievable defeat, he still, 
bating no jot of heart or hope, endeavored to rally the flying 

uadrons, reform the broken lines, refill the skeleton regi- 
ments, and reinforce the army in general, publishing as late 
as December, 1854, with this view, a series of strong and 
eloquent papers, insisting on the maintenance of the Whig 
organization and the Whig principles, but recommending, as 
a concession to the spirit of the times, the substitution of 
the name "American," and the enlargement of the platform 
so as " to condense into one efficient power the feeble frac- 
tions" into which the people were subdivided. But events 

ere too powerful for his logic, and in 1S55 he abandoned 
the struggle, of which he at last realized the hopelessness, 
and cast in his lot with the Republican party, to which with 
characteristic steadfastness he adhered for the remainder of 
his life. But the end was near, and the passage to it 
thickset with infirmities, so that he was not able to do all 
that he fain would have done for his country in the crisis 
of her fate. Yet he did much, with both voice and pen, 
cheering the despondent, convincing the doubtful, sh.Tining 
the lukewarm, applauding the ardent, and quickening all. 
One of the most statesmanly and unanswerable disquisitions 
that ever appeared on the (juestion of secession came from 
his pen in the closing days of iSGo. He felt no misgivings, 
even when face to face with the deadly peril. His convic- 
tion that the Union would be victoriously maintained was 
clear and abiding. He foresaw the triumph of his country, 
but, alas ! he did not see it. Sinking beneath increasing 
infirmities, he died at Morristown, September 30th, 1S62, 
leaving a wife, daughter of the lamented George P. Mac- 
culloch, and a large family of sons and daughters, one of the 
former being in the navy, distinguished for gallant conduct 
in the civil war, and two lawyers of New York, of high 
abilities and attainments. His eldest daughter is the wife 
of Mr. A. Q. Keasby. 



ARKER, UOS. JAMES, of Perth Amboy, in Mid- 
dlesex county, second of the name, was the son 
of James Parker, of the same place, a citizen of 
high distinction before and after the Revolution 
of 1776, and was .sprung from a family prominent 
in New fersey from its earliest settlement. Wood- 
bridge was settled in 1666 by Puritans, who came there 
from New England — some from Massachusetts, others from 
Connecticut. Among those from Massachusetts was Elisha 
Parker, whose wife was the sister of Governor Hinckley, of 
M.assachusetts. He married her at Barnstable in 1657, and 



344 



EIOGRAPIIICAL EN'CVCLOr.EDIA. 



had several children there before his removal to New Jer- 
sey. One of his sons was also named Elisha. He was 
possessed of much property and was a prominent citizen. 
Governor Hunter, in 1717, made him a member of his 
Privy Council. His action in so doing was attacked by a 
clergyman of the English Church resident in Pennsylvania, 
upon the ground that Mr. Parker was a Puritan ; and de- 
feuded by the assertion of his high standing and because the 
governor designed, by new appointments, including this, 
to establish the Court of Chancery, after some delay the 
government at home indorsed his plan, and thus that court 
was established. Perhaps this position led Mr. Parker to 
the adoption of religious connections more common in the 
case of public officers. Whatever the cause, this gentle- 
man's children became Episcopalians, and their descend- 
ants since have always been earnest and influential in that 
denomination. John Parker, son of the last named, was 
born November iilh, 1693. He married a daughter of 
Dr. John Johnstone, a person of note, and was a member 
of the Governor's Privy Council from 1719 till his death in 
1732. He was a m.in of education and influence. James 
Parker, his son, born January 29th, 1723, was also a 
leading citizen. He entered the provincial military service 
and embarked for the northern frontier in the French and 
Indi.in war, as Captain of a company raised in Middlesex 
county. Afterwards he became a merchant in New York, 
but resided in New Jersey. He was an active member of 
Governor Franklin's Privy Council, and was elected to the 
Provincial Congress, but did not take his seat. For a long 
period, likewise, he filled the position of Mayor of Amboy. 
After the Revolution, in 17S9. he w.as a candidate for Con- 
gress, nominated by what was Known as the Conservative 
party of that day. He was a man of large landed property 
and of vigorous intellect. He was one of the founders of 
the .\merican Episcopal Church in New Jersey, a leading 
member of the Board of Proprietors, then a most important 
body, from whom all land titles came, and in every walk 
of life an active and conspicuous citizen. He died in 
1797, leaving several children; among them James Parker, 
who was born March 1st, 1776, and who died April 1st, 
1S6S. This gentleman was a man of great ability and 
public note. He was graduated in Columbia College, New 
York, in 1793, second in his class. Destined for mercan- 
tile life, he entered the counting-room of John Murray. 
The death of his father called him, at twenty-one years old, 
to take his place as the virtual head of his family. The 
l.irge landed interests he had to manage compelled him to 
acquire an intimate practical knowledge of law, for which 
his sagacious mind largely fitted him, and this caused him 
to be regarded generally as a lawyer of eminence, though 
in fact he never practised the profession. He entered pub- 
lic life in 1806, when thirty ye.ars old, by becoming a mem- 
ber of Assembly. He was re-elected eight successive 
years -, then, after one year's interval, four years more, and 
again in 1827-28. He was a leader in the Legislature and 



in the State. A Federalist, he was nevertheless not a parti- 
san. And his independence, integrity, and remarkable 
capacity, made him exceedingly influential. He was a 
statesman as well as a speaker. Many of the best-known 
statutes of the State were prepared by him. He was among 
the origin.ators, if not himself the author, of the Fund for 
Free Schools. It is written of him, " When the history of 
the great movement on behalf of popular education in our 
State comes to be written, the fii-st and the highest place in 
it will be assigned to James Parker." — (Historical address 
by Hon. R. S. Field.) He was a leader in measures for 
the prohibition of the domestic slave trade, which the 
"radual abolition of slavery actually encouraged, by leading 
owners to anticipate the period and export their slaves to 
other States. Both as a member of the Legislature, through 
which he caused the passage of efficient laws, and as Fore- 
man of the Middlesex Grand Jury, in punishing offenders, 
he did much to protect the negro and to protect the State 
from disgrace. He was one of- the originators of the Dela- 
ware & Raritan Canal. He entered the Legislature in 
1827 in order to carry through that enterprise, and suc- 
ceeded. He was a Director of that company until his 
death. Mr. Parker was thrice appointed a Commissioner to 
settle the boundary between New Jersey and New York ; 
once as early as i8o5, when but thirty years old; again in 
1827, his colleagues being John Rutherford, Richard 
Stockton, Theodore Frelinghuysen and L. Q. C. Elmer; 
and finally in 1S29, with Messrs. Frelinghuysen and Elmer. 
And in all these commissions Mr. Parker was a leading 
actor. The return of Federalists to influence, which distin- 
guished the nomination of General Jackson, brought Mr. 
Parker again into national politics. He was an Elector in 
1824 and gave his vote for Jackson, but J. Q. Adams was 
elected by the House of Representatives. In 1829 General 
Jackson appointed him Collector of Perth Amboy. In 1S32, 
and again in 1 834, he w.as elected, by general ticket, a 
member of the House of Representatives. He served with 
distinction, winning the cognomen of Honest James Parker, 
distinguishing himself as a champion of the right of peti- 
tion and as a guardian of the fin.ances of the Union. Mr. 
Parker was a Trustee of Princeton College from 1825 to 
1829, and of Rutgers during a much longer period. He 
was Mayor of Perth Amboy for many years, and till the very 
end of his long life was useful and public-spirited. His 
views were ahead of his day. He was younger in sentiment 
and opinion than most of his junior contemporaries. After 
leaving Congress and until his death, he was first a Whig, 
and then a Republican, a staunch supporter of the Union 
and of emancipation. He died April ist, 1868. This gen- 
tleman had three sons, all worthy of mention among Jersey- 
men. James Parker, his eldest, died in Cincinnati in 1S61, 
where he was distinguished as a Lawyer and a Judge. He had 
early settled in Ohio, and occupied various useful stations 
there during his life. William Parker, his second son, died 
in 1868, not long after his father, at Aspinwall, Central 



BIOGRAPHICAL EXCVCLOP-EDIA. 



345 



America, where he had liveil for several years as Superin- 
tendent of the Panama Railroail. He was a civil engineer 
of dislinctiun. lie had a leading part in the construction 
of the Boston & Worcester Railroad, of which he was long 
the Superintendent. He likewise aided in the building of 
the Morris Canal, the Juniata Canal, the Georgia Railroad, 
and others ; and was President of the Boston & Lowell, and 
at one time Superintendent of the Baltimore & Ohio Rail- 
road. He was beloved and valued, in and out of his pro- 
fession. 



ARKER, HON. CORTLANDT, Lawyer, of 
Newark, ihird son of Hon. James Parker, whose 
sketch precedes, was born at Perth Amboy, in 
June, 1818. At the age of five he lost his mother, 
but her place was filled by a sister of the cele- 
brated lawyer, David B. Ogden, of New York, 
whom his father married, and whose gentle influences were 
very influential in the foimation of his character. After pass- 
ing through such schools as existed at that day in Perth Am- 
boy, and acquiring the elements of Latin and Greek under the 
tuition of Mr. Patterson, he entered, in 1832, the freshman 
class of Rutgers College, at New Brunswick, whence he was 
gr.iduated, after a four years' course, with the first honor, 
and was selected to deliver the valedictory. The graduating 
class of this year — 1836 — was among the most distinguished 
that ever left Rutgers College, numbering such men as Justice 
Bradley, of the United Slates Supreme Court, Senator Freling- 
huysen. Governor Newell, and others of their stamp of intel- 
lect. On leaving college Mr. Parker entered upon the study 
of law in the office of Theodore Frelinghuysen, in Newark, 
and prosecuted his studies under that direction until his pre- 
ceptor's appointment as Chancellor of the University of New 
York, when he became a student with and completed his 
course under the auspices of Amzi Armstrong, whose early 
death deprived New Jersey of one of her brightest lights. Li 
September, 1839, Mr. Parker was admitted to the bar, and es- 
talilished himself in Newark, where he still resides, engaged 
in the practice of his profession m connection with his son. 
About the same time, two of his classmates. Justice Bradley 
and Senator Frelinghuysen, opened law offices in that city, 
and all three rapidly rose in reputation as able lawyers and 
advocates. Mr. Parker has held only one public office, that 
of Prosecutor of Pleas of Essex county from 1857 to 1867, 
but for many years he has occupied a position among the 
foremost at the bar of his native Slate. His distinction is 
almost exclusively professional, except that he has alwaj's 
been a leader in the Whig and Republican parties. To the 
latter he attached himself at its formation in 1856. During 
the civil war he was active and intense in his support of the 
government and the nation, laboring industriously with 
voice and pen for the maintenance of the Union and the 
settlement upon a sure and lasting foundation of all the 



questions involved in the strife. Since the termination of 
the war he has been an earnest and consistent Republican, 
and the favorite of a very large section of his parly for the 
highest political honors. A most decided repugnance to the 
use in any form of the means by which office is often se- 
cured, and an unwavering belief in the essential soundness 
of the principle that office should seek the man, rather th.aii 
man the office, have so far kept him in private life and de- 
prived the country of his valuable services. He was nomi- 
nated by Governor Newell as Chancellor of the State, and 
it is understood that at another time he was tendered a seat 
on the Supreme Court bench, but he declined. On several 
occasions his eminent professional services have been se- 
cured by the State. The duty of revision of the laws was 
devolved upon him by sundry acts of the Legislature, and 
was performed to the satisfaction of that body and also of 
the community at large. He also acted as Commissioner to 
settle the disputed boundary belween New Jersey and 
Delaware. He was tendered the post of Commissioner under 
the Alabama treaty, but declined it. There have been 
very few important litigations in New Jersey of late years in 
which he has not borne a part, and alw.ays conspicuously. 
Both as a man and as an advocate his popularity is very 
wide. Among other distinguished services rendered by him 
to the State in the line of his ]>rofession, and nearly related 
thereto, must be mentioned the part he took in the move- 
ment which culminated in the passage of the general rail- 
road law, which has done much to purify the source of legis- 
lation by removing from the law-making power the oppor- 
tunities of corruption. In this movement he was, from the 
first to the last, the leader, ynd to his able guidance its suc- 
cess is in very great degree attributable. Progressive in h\^ 
views upon all subjects, he is frequently in advance of public 
sentiment, but when occasion has demanded the effort the 
community has seldom f;iiled to respond to his leadership. 
A member of the Episcopal Church, he has occupied a 
prominent position therein, representing it in two Genciol 
Conventions, and being a delegate and active debater in 
every Diocesan Convention since attaining his m.ajority. 
His own college and also that of New Jersey have conferred 
on him the degree of LL. D. In educational matters he 
has ever manifested an unflagging interest, and is now a 
Trustee of Rutgers College. As a public speaker he is pe- 
culiarly successful, always commanding the closest attention 
and wielding a potent influence. Many of his addresses 
have been published in pamphlet form, and their publica- 
tion has contributed to his reputation as a sound, logical and 
cogent speaker. Among them may be mentioned : an ad- 
dress at Rutgers College, on " True Professional Success ; " 
the centennial address of the Phi Beta Kappa Society, on 
" The Open Bible, the Source and Stay of American Free- 
dom ; " several Fourth of July addresses, delivered during 
the civil war, each ably discussing the question of the day ; 
an historical address on Philip Kearny, and another on 
Abraham Lincoln. Though absorbed in the labor of a very 



44 



346 



EIOGRAPIIICAL ENXVCLOr.EDIA. 



extensive practice, Mr. Parker has always found time for 
literary employment, and for discussions, more or less care- 
ful, of public affairs. 



'LARK, GEORGE A., Manufacturer, of Newark, 
New Jersey, and Paisley, Scotland, was- born in 
Paisley about 1S23. He was the second son of 
John Clark, tjf the great firm of James & John 
Clark, cotton thread manufacturers, and the 
grandson of the John Clark who, in 1S12, 
founded the business. About 1S40 he entered, as a lad, 
into the employment of the firm of Kerr & Co., at Ilamil 
ton, Ontario, and after remaining with this house for some 
four years, returned to Paisley and began the manufacture 
of shawls. In 1850 he relinquished this business and was 
then admitted as a partner with his brother-in-law, Mr 
Peter Kerr (who was drowned at Long Branch in 1869) in 
the manufacture of cotton thread. Subsequently his firm 
was merged into that of the Clarks, and in the latter he re- 
tained a partnership until his death, and it was mainly owing 
to his energy and business ability that the resources and oper- 
ations of the establishment were so vastly developed. At the 
commencement of the business, about 1S12, the Paisley 
works were so inconsiderable, that one man, turning a crank, 
furnished all necessary motive power, and the sale of manu- 
factured goods was limited to but a small portion of the 
United Kingdom ; at his death the Paisley works gave em- 
ployment to upwards of 2,000 operatives, 1,000 more were 
employed in the works at Newark, New Jersey, and the 
business of the firm extended over almost the entire globe. 
The American branch of the business is wholly due to him. 
In 1S56 he came to this country to take- charge of the gen- 
eral agency of the firm for the United States and Canada, 
his head-quarters being fixed in New York. The consump- 
tion of cotton thread being greatly stimulated by the increased 
use of sewing machines, and the firm being placed at a dis- 
advantage, by reason of the high protective tariff, in com- 
])eting with American manufacturers, he determined upon 
the establishment of a branch of the Paisley works in the 
United States. To this end he founded a factory at 
Newark, New Jersey, in 1864, and in the fall of that year 
began operations, on a small scale, in a hired building at the 
corner of Front and Fulton streets. At the same time he 
]Hit under contract the extensive works on Clark street, 
personally superintending their erection, and in m.any ways 
improving upon the Paisley model. At the end of eighteen 
months the buildings were completed, and in the spring of 
1866 Clark's O. N. T. spool-cotton became an established 
manul'acture in America. At the head of this great in- 
dustry, giving employment to so large a number of people 
and affecting so beneficially the prosperity of the city, he 
naturally became one of the most prominent men in 
Newark, and his advice and assistance were sought in fur- 



thering various commercial enterprises and undertakings 
for the public good. In religious matters he was equally 
conspicuous. An earnest Christian — one who made practi 
cal Christianity a part of his daily life, and who constantly 
sought, by precept and example, to uphold and difiuse Us 
doctrines — he was one of the most active adherents of the 
North Reformed Church of Newark, and of his large for- 
tune he at all times gave freely for the promotion of religious 
and benevolent projects. IIis genial, kindly nature made 
him not less esteemed socially than in commercial and re- 
ligious circles. Never ostentatious in his hospitality, he 
was always liberal and gracious, and his friendships were 
warm and unwavering. In a word, in the various relations 
of life, he was a man, acquaintance with whom conferred 
an honor. His death, from heart disease, occurred sud- 
denly, on the 13th of February, 1873, and was the cause of 
widespread and very sincere sorrow. Appropriate action 
was taken by the Newark Board of Trade, of which he was 
a prominent member ; by the Directors of the People's In- 
surance Company, of which he was a Director, and by the 
Burns Society, of Newark, of which he was President at the 
time of his death. Funeral services were held in the North 
Reformed Church, attended by representatives of the above- 
named organizations, and by the leading citizens of Newark ; 
and in all ways possible respect was shown to his memory. 
His remains, sent back to Scotland, rest in the cemetery of 
his native town of Paisley. 



'^m 



■WING, HON. JAMES, late of Trenton, Merchant, 
at one time Mayor of the city, one of the 
founders of the Trenton Library and Academy, 
was the father of Chief-Justice Ewing, and tlie 
j£j^'i tenth child of Thomas and Mary Ewing. He 
^ first moved to Tienton, as a Representative 
of Cumberland county in the Legislature in 1774, and re- 
moved his residence there in 1779. He was subsequently, 
under Congress, Auditor of Public Accounts, Commis- 
sioner of the Continental Loan Office for New Jersey, and 
Agent for Pensions. From 1797 to 1803 he officiated as Mayor 
of Trenton, and was importantly instrumental in securing the 
establishment of the city's library and academy. During sev- 
eral years he sustained a partnership relation with Isaac Col- 
lins, and engaged extensively in general mercantile pursuits. 
He was also a corporator, commissioner and secretary of the 
society, incorporated March 15th, 1796, to make the Assan- 
pink navigable from the Trenton Mills to the place where it 
intersects the stage-road from Burlington toAmboy; and 
probably was in the company which, February 3d, 1797, 
descended the stream in the boat " Hope," from Davids- 
town, where the upper lock was situated, to Trenton, in 
three hours, and so opened one-half of the proposed line of 
navi"ation. " It may have been a revival of this scheme 




^^^ ^rt^^^a. 



EIOGRAnilCAL EXCYCLOr.TLDIA. 



347 



lli.it was contemplated in November, 1S14, wlicii a pulilic 
meeting was called to form an association to supply the town 
with firewood by water." September 51I1, iSoS, he was 
elected a Trustee of the Trenton Preshylerian Church, and 
ord.-iined an Elder, September 2i^t, KS17. He cuntinucd 
in both offices until his decease, which took place October 
23d, 1S23. In accordance with his known objections to the 
practice, no stone w.as placed to indicate the spot of his in- 
terment, which is in the churchyard of the city with whose 
history and interests his name is so intimately and honorably 
identified. 

^OSWELL, REV. WILLIAM, Clergyman, late of 
Trenton, was born in New Jersey, and had been 
for si.xteen years pastor of the Baptist Congrega- 
tion of Trenton and Lamberton, when, in 1S23, 
he issued an address to its members, on account 
of his adoption of some nesv tenets, which in 
several points favored the doctrine of Swedenborgianism. 
His address was answered by an elaborate letter from Rev. 
John Burtt, first editor of T/ie Piesfiy/en'ait, in Philadelphia, 
who was then engaged in spiritual labors in Trenton and the 
vicinity. The First Baptist Church of Lamberton was 
opened November 26th, iSoj, on which occasion the initial 
sermon was delivered by Dr. Staughton. His church, or 
chapel, was known as the " Reformed General Baptist 
Meeting House," was built, of bricks, in eleven weeks, and 
opened October 19th, 1823; the dimensions were fifty-four 
feet by forty. He died June loth, 1S33, at the age of fifty- 
seven. His grave is in the rear of the building where he 
last preached, afterward the Second Presbyterian Church. 
Near to it is that of another prominent Baptist minister. 
Rev. Burgess Allison, D. D., who died while on a visit to 
Trenton, February 20th, 1827. 



j RITTAIN, JOSEPH, late of Trenton, New Jersey, 
was a prosperous Shoe Manufacturer, and one of 
the leading men of property of this city. He 
was the principal owner of the lot on which the 
St.-ite House is built. In Janu.ary, 1792, he con- 
veyed two and a quarter acres to the commis- 
sioners of the State for the nomin.al price of five shillings; 
and in February of the same year three-quarters of an acre 
for sixty-seven pounds and ten shillings. On the same day 
William Reeder, whose name is also among the signatures 
of the instrument then drawn up, conveyed one-quarter of 
an acre for the same purpose, at the price of sixty-two pounds 
and ten shillings ; and George Ely half an acre for one 
hundred and twenty pounds. He was a prominent and 
valued member of the Presbyterian Church in Trenton, from 
1S09 to 1813, " when his connection ceased in consequence 






of his having embraced doctrines too much at variance 
with those of our coiniiuinioii for his comfortable continu- 
ance." He was a man of strong convictions, slow in con- 
ception, but earnest in execution ; while, even by those with 
whose opinions his own were far Irom harmoniziii", he was 
respected and esteemed. He died in the early part of the 
present century. 

'<?*:? '. 

^\LLAS, HON. ALEXANDER JAMES, Stales- 
man, Financier, late of Trenton, New Jersey, 
was born in the island of Jamaica, June 21st, 
1759. H^ ""^^ '^16 son of a Scotch physician, 
and obtained his earlier training and education 
at Edinburgh and Westminster. His mother be- 
coming a widow, and again marrying, he was prevented 
from obtaining any share of his father's property, and in 
April, 17S3, quitted his native place, and settled in Phila- 
delphia. In the following June he took the oath of alle- 
giance to the State of Pennsylvania, and in July, 17S5, was 
admitted to practise as an advocate in the .Supreme Court, 
and subset^uently became a practitioner in the United States 
courts. He engaged also in literary undertakings, wrote 
for the public journals, and at one time edited T/ie Colum- 
bian Alngazine. In January, 1791, he was appointed, by 
Governor Mifflin, Secretary of Pennsylvania, and in Decem- 
ber, 1793, his commission was renewed. He was after- 
wards constituted Paymaster-General of a force which he 
accompanied in an expedition to Pittsburgh. In December, 
1796, he again became Secretary of State of Pennsylvania, 
and on the election of Jefferson to the Presidency, in iSoi, 
was appointed United States Attorney for the Eastern Dis- 
trict of Pennsylvania, and occupied that post until hi_s re- 
moval to Washington. October 6th, 1S14, he was made 
Secretary of the United .Slates Treasury, then in an involved 
and embarrassed condition, and in that highly responsible 
and important position exhibited remarkable ability and 
well-directed energy. In March, 1815, he undertook the 
additional duties of the War Oflice, and successfully per- 
formed the delicate and diflicult task of reducing the army. 
In 1S16 peace and tranquillity being restored, and the finan- 
cial condition of the countiy being improved under the in- 
fluence of the National Bank, which he had so long and 
zealously endeavored to establish, he resigned his post and 
resumed the practice of the law. He published : " Features 
of Jay's Treaty," 1795; " Speeches on the Trial of Blount ; " 
" Laws of Pennsylvania," with notes ; " Reports," four vols., 
1S06-7 ; " Treasui7 Reports ; " " Exposition of the Causes 
and Character of the war of 1812-15," etc. His son. Cap- 
tain J.Tmes Alexander Dallas, United States navy, was born 
in 1791, and died in Callao b.iy, June 3d, 1S44, command- 
ing the Pacific .Squadron ; he entered the navy in I?o5, in 
1S12 served under Rodgers in "The President," later, 
under Chauncey, on Lnke Ontario, and accompanied Porter 
in his cruise for the extermination of the West India pirates. 



34S 



EIOGRAPHICAL EXCYCLOP.^IDIA. 



George Mifflin Dallas, LL. D., another son, was bora in 
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, July loih, 1792, and died there 
December 31st, 1S64, he attained high distinction as a 
criminal lawyer, and as an able statesman and diplomatist; 
was Mayor of Philadelphia, United States Senator, Attorney- 
General of Pennsylvania, Ambassador to Russia, Minister 
to England, and, 1845-49, Vice-President of the United 
States. Tliroughout the eastern and middle sections of the 
United States Secretary Dallas was admired and esteemed 
for his abilities, which were of a most varied and thorough 
nature, as jurist, statesman, and financier; but particularly 
in New Jersey and Pennsylvania, with whose interests 
and history he is more especially identified, was his repu 
tation widespread and enviable. He died in Trenton, New 
Jersey, January i6th, 1817. A grandson, George M. 
Dallas, son of the Vice-President, is a resident of Philadel- 
phia, and a lawyer of high standing at the bar of that city. 
He was. a member of the convention assembled toward 
the close of 1S72 for the revision of the constitution of 
the State of Pennsylvania. 



ELLEVILLE, NICHOLAS JACQUES EMAN- 
UEL DE, M. D., late of Trenton, New Jersey, 
w.as born at Metz, France, in 1753, pursued a 
course of studies in medicine under the super- 
vision of his father, passed seven years as a 
student, and practitioner in some cases, in the 
schools and hospitals of Paris, and in 1777 came to this 
country, landing first at Salem, Massachusetts. Previously, 
while in the south of France, where he usually resided 
during the rigorous season, on account of the feeble state 
of his health, he was introduced to Count Pulaski, who 
had just come from Italy, where he had found the place of 
safety needed on account of the persecution following the 
active part he sustained in endeavoring to restore to Poland 
her ancient liberties. " The count was then on the eve of 
his departure for this country, and having taken a liking for 
the doctor, invited him to accompany him. For some time 
he hesitated, by reason of his want of money, but the gentle- 
man at whose house he was, when informed of this fact, 
told him if a hundred guineas would be sufficient for his 
purpose, he would supply him, and that his father could re- 
imburse him. He further supplied him with eveiything 
necessary for the voyage, and on the last day of May, 1777, 
he left Paris and embarked at Nantes, on the 9th of June, 
for the United States." — (Notes of Philemon Dickinson.) 
He sailed in a sloop-of-war, mounting fourteen guns, with 
a crew of one hundred and five men, and carrying about 
si.'iteen hundred stand of arms destined for the American 
troops. After disembarking at Salem, he remained there 
for a few days, then removed to Boston, at that time the 
centre of attraction for both Americans and those strangers 



who chanced to be in the colonies, or nho h.-.d come from 
France and Germany in the roles of spectator and chron- 
icler, or sympathizer and p.'.nicipant. He afterward at- 
tended Pulaski, in the capacity of surgeon, in the different 
parts of the country to which he went for the purpose of 
recruiting a legion, which the count was authorized to raise 
by the Provincial Congress. While thus engaged, he was a 
resident of Trenton, New Jersey, for some time, and there 
became acquainted with Dr. Bryant, an eminent and skilful 
practitioner, who bestowed on him many warm marks of 
friendly interest, and endeavored to persuade hirii to relin- 
quish army life and settle in the city, offering to do all in 
his power to introduce him into lucrative practice. He 
declined the proposition for the time, however, preferring 
to accompany Pulaski to the South. While stationed there 
he received from Dr. Brj'ant a pressing letter, repeating his 
counsel, and urging his abandoning military and roving for 
civil and settled life, representing the improbability of his 
succeeding there so well as by establishing himself perma- 
nently in the practice of his profession. This letter he 
showed to the count, who told him it was not his wish to 
stand in the way of liis advancement, and advised him, if he 
thought the doctor's advice sound and timely, to accept and 
act upon it without delay. He did .so, after careful delib- 
eration, and in the fall of 177S returned to Trenton, where 
he remained until his decease. He was on several occa- 
sions called to attend the exiled king of Spain, at Borden- 
town, and once, at least, was his almoner — February 5th, 
1S31 — when the Female Benevolent Society, of Trenton, 
acknowledged fifty dollars " from the Count de Survilliers 
by Dr. Belleville." He was a pew-holder and an occa- 
sional attendant at the Presbyterian church, " but was too 
fond of his elegant edition of Voltaire to relish the gospel ; " 
his wife, however, was a communicant, and a pious and ex- 
emplary woman. He was a resident of Paris in 1 774, when 
Louis XVI. came to the throne, and often told of liis hearing 
the populace cry — in allusion to the wish of Heniy IV., 
that every peasant might have a fowl for his pot-pie — 
" Poule-au-pot ! Poule-au-pot ! " He was buried in llie 
Trenton churchyard, and one of his pupils. Dr. F. A. 
Ewing, in addition to a discriminating obituaiy in the 
S/iile Gazette, of December 24lh, 1 83 1, furnished the in- 
scription for his tomb : " This stone covers the remains of 
Dr. Nicholas Belleville. Born and educated in France ; 
for fifty-four years an inhabitant of this city. A patriot 
warmly attached to the principles of liberty; a physician 
eminently learned and successful; a man of scrupulous and 
unblemished integrity. On the 17th day of December, 
A. D. 1 83 1, at the age of seventy-nine years, he closed a life 
of honor and usefulness; by all respected, esteemed, la- 
mented." General Philemon Dickinson, with whom he 
was on terms of familiar friendship, held him in high and 
affectionate consideration, and to him more than to any 
other he confided the details of his private life and social 
relations. 



EIOGRArillCAL EN'CYCLOr.EDlA. 



349 



^/Vt ^^'^^''^'' ^^ON. MASKELL, Lnwyer, late of Green- 
(01 |-» wich, was born in Trenton, New Jersey, January 
VJ 3°''^ '75^' M^ belonged to what is now the 
jj^f'l' widespread family of Ewing in New Jersey, 
(f^^ Pennsylvania, Oliio and Maryland ; Thomas 
Maskell, of England, married Bythia Parsons, 
of Connecticut, in 1658; Thomas Stathem, of England, 
married Ruth Udell, in New England, in 1671, and Mas- 
kell's son married Stathem's daughter; while in 1720 their 
daughter became the wife of Thomas Ewing, who had re- 
cently come to Greenwich, West Jersey, from Ireland ; their 
eldest son was Maskell Ewing, born in 1721, who was at 
different times Justice of the Peace, Clerk and Surrogate 
of Cumberland county, Sheriff and Judge of the Pleas, and 
died in 1796; one of his ten children was Maskell Ewing, 
of Trenton. In his youth he assisted his father in ihe 
clerkship at Greenwich, and before he had attained his 
twenty-first year was elected Clerk of the State Assembly. 
This appointment necessitating removal to Trenton, New 
Jersey, he resided in that city, engaged in the performance 
of his official duties, during the ensuing twenty years. He 
was for a time Recorder of the city, and also pursued a 
course of legal studies under the supervision of William C. 
Houston. In 1S03 he removed to Philadelphia, and in 
1S05 to a farm in Delaware county, Pennsylvania. He 
represented that county in the State Senate for six years. 
He died while on a visit to Greenwich, August 26th, 1S25. 
His son, Maskell Ewing, who was born in 1806, was a 
lieutenant in the army, and has died w-ithin a few years. 
Among the branches of the Ewing stock was the family 
of Rev. John Ewing, D. D., Provost of the University 
of Pennsylvania from 1779 to 1803, aiid pastor of the 
First Church, of Philadelphia. 



»UNT, GENERAL PETER, Merchant, late of 
Charleston, South Carolina, was born in New 
Jersey in 1768, or thereabout. He was engaged 
extensively in mercantile affairs at Lamberton, 
where he established a large storehouse, when it 
was the depot for the trade of Trenton, and at 
the time of his decease was in partnership with Philip F. 
Howell. He was identified with the interests and develop- 
ment of the Presbyterian Church in Trenton, New Jersey, 
and was one of the Trustees elected to supply the vacancies 
made by the death of Moore Furman, and Isaac Smith, 
whose daughter he had maiTied. In 1797, Jonathan 
Doane having contracted to erect a State prison at Trenton, 
he, in conjunction with Moore Furman, conveyed the 
ground on which the jail (now arsenal) was built. The 
measurement was more than eight and one-fjuarter acres ; 
the consideration, £i(>g is. He resided on the estate since 
occupied by his son. Lieutenant W. E. Hunt, of the United 



States navy. He died at Charleston, South Carolina, March 
nth, iSio, having spent the winter there in the hope of 
recovering his health and renewing his enfeebled energies. 
The Rev. Dr. Hulllngshead had a highly satisfactory con- 
versation with him on the day of his death, when he said : 
" I have no reluctance or hesitation to submit to all the will 
of God in the article of death; I freely commit my soul into 
the hands of my Redeemer, and leave my surviving family 
to the care of a holy and gracious Providence." He was 
buried with military honors at Charleston, South Carolina, 
after services in the Circular Church ; and in the Presljy- 
terian church porch at Trenton, New Jersey, there is a 
cenotaph commemorating him. 



OW, REV. SAMUEL B., D. D., Educator, Pres- 
byterian Clergyman, afterward pastor of the First 
Reformed Dutch Church, of New Brunswick, 
was born in Burlington, New Jersey, and edu- 
cated at the University of Pennsylvania, where 
he was graduated in 181 1. He acted as tutor 
for a short time in Dickinson College ; then presided as 
master of the grammar school of his university; in 1S13 
was licensed by the Presbytery of Pliiladelphia, subse- 
quently passing a session at the Princeton Seminary, and, 
November 1st, 1S14, was ordained and installed pastor at 
Solebury, Bucks county. He was identified w'ith the three 
schools organized under the title of " The Trenton and 
Lamberton Sunday Free School Association," whose es- 
tablishment dates from about the opening of the year 181 5. 
" From April to October the school consisted of ninety 
scholars. On the 27th of October it was divided into three; 
and it is with peculiar pleasure the association notice those 
two nurseries of mercy, the Female and African Sunday- 
schools, which have arisen since the establishment of their 
own." A column of a newspaper of October 4lh, 1819, is 
occupied with a report of the Trenton Sabbath Day-school, 
which opens by saying; " Nine months have now elapsed 
since, by the exertions of a few gentlemen, this school was 
founded." In February, 1821, the same society reports 
that it had four schools, the boys', the girls', the African 
and that at Morrisville. The last school had, in November, 
1819, eleven teachers and 116 scholars. The "Female 
Tract Society" furnished tracts monthly to the schools, 
while the "Juvenile Dorcas Society" supplied clothing to 
the children. He was installed over the Trenton congre- 
gation, December 17th, 1S16, on which occasion Dr. Miller 
presided and Dr. Alexander preached : 2 Cor. iii. 16; the 
former giving the charge to the pastor, and Rev. P. V. 
Brown the charge to the congregation. This pastorship 
was happily and usefully continued until April, 1821, when 
a call from the First Church, of New Brunswick, was laid 
before the presbytery, and he was installed in that city m 



350 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 



the following June. The additions to the communion of 
the church in these five years were fifty-six on their first 
profession, and thirty on certificates from other churches. 
In October, 1823, he became pastor of the Independent 
Presbyterian Church, of Savannah; and in 1830 was made 
President of Dickinson College. He afterward returned to 
New Brunswick, however, upon a call to take the pastoral 
charge of the Fii-st Reformed Dutch Church in that city. 
He was followed, as pastor over the Trenton church, by 
the late William Jessup Armstrong, D. D., son of Rev. Dr. 
Amzi Armstrong, of Mendham and Bloomfield, New Jersey. 



'MITH, BENJAMIN, late of Elizabethtown, Mer- 
chant, Trustee, President of the Board of the 
Presbyterian Church of Trenton, also its Treas- 
urer, was elected " a Deacon for Trenton," May 
6th, 1777, and was an Elder in 1806, and prob- 
ably for some years before. From the " Minutes 
of the Trustees," March 19th, 1S14, and from other sources, 
are gathered the following items : For many years he was 
a valued Trustee and President of the Board, as also 
Treasurer for the church, all of which offices he filled with 
faithfulness. At his funeral a sermon was preached by his 
pastor, Rev. Dr. John McDowell, from the words, " Lord, 
I have loved the habitation of thy house, and the place 
where thine honor dwelleth." This text had been selected 
by himself for the purpose, and his will directed the same 
to be inscribed on his tomb. Among the legacies of his 
will was one of $2,500 for the endowment of a scholarship 
in the Theological Seminary at Princeton, New Jersey, 
which was realized in 1839, upon the decease of his widow. 
It stands the twenty-sixth on the list of scholarships, and 
bears the name of its founder. " Our departed friend," 
said Dr. McDowell, " loved the house of the Lord, and he 
has lold the speaker that this evidence has often encouraged 
and comforted his soul, when he could get hold of scarcely 
any other. His conduct in this respect corresponded with 
his profession. Through a long life he manifested that he 
loved the Lord's house. It was taught him, I have under- 
stood, from his childhood. At an early age he became 
the subject of serious impressions, and hopefully of divine 
grace." He was first received into the Elizabethtown Pres- 
byterian Church, under the ministry of Rev. James Cald- 
well, in 1765, when he was eighteen or nineteen years of 
age. Subsequently he removed to Trenton and connected 
himself with the church in that cily, where for a long time 
he acted in the office of Ruling Elder. During the latter 
pirt of the time of his residence in Trenton the congrega- 
tion erected a new house of worship, and in the attendant 
movement and measures he took a deep and active interest. 
About the year 1814 he returned to Elizabethtown, and in 
the decline of life again renewed his connection with the 



local church. He was then elected a Ruling Elder, which 
ofSce he executed with fidelity until his decease, in the 
seventy-ninth year of his age. " He manifested his love to 
the house of God by his constant attendance on its worship 
until his last short illness; and he manifested it in his will 
by leaving a bequest for the support of its worship, and 
remembering other congregations in the town. His last 
words were, ' Welcome sweet day of rest.' " While the 
church building was in course of erection at Trenton he 
also bestowed much of his time, contributed liberally of his 
means, and went abroad soliciting aid fur its completion ; 
while the example set by him of energy and determination 
spurred on the indolent to fresh exertions, and operated 
beneficently in awakening general attention to a worthy 
and laudable undertaking. He died in Elizabethtown, 
New Jersey, October 23d, 1824. 



E.-\KE, SAMUEL, Lawyer, late of Trenton, was 
born in Cumberland county. New Jersey, No- 
vember 2d, 1747, and received his preparatory 
training in the two celebrated schools of Fagg's 
Manor and Pequea. Rev. John Blair, Dr. R. 
Smith and Enoch Green gave him certificates, 
1767-1769, " of proficiency in different branches, and of his 
high religious ch.araeter." After teaching three years, or 
more, in Newcastle, Delaware, he received, in May, 1772, 
testimonials from Thomas McKean and George Read — two 
of the three Delaware signers of the Declaration of Inde- 
pendence — George Munro, John Thompson and Rev. 
Joseph Montgomei-y. He then entered Princeton College, 
and in September, 1774, took his Bachelor's degree. In 
March of the same year President Witherspoon gave to 
him a written certificate of his qualifications to teach 
Greek, Latin and mathematics, to which he appended: 
" I must also add that he gave particular attention to the 
English language while here, and is probably better ac- 
quainted with its structure, propriety and force, than most 
of his years and standing in this country." He decided, 
however, not to resume the employment of teaching, but 
entered upon a course, of legal studies, first with Richard 
Howell, afterward governor of the State, then with Charles 
Pettit, of Burlington, and with their certificates and that of 
Thomas McKean, afterward Governor of Pennsylvania, se- 
cured his license as an attorney in November, 1776, begin- 
ning the practice of his profession in Salem. In October, 
1785, he removed to Trenton, where he rapidly acquired 
an extensive business, and took a leading position among 
the prominent practitioners of the town. " He paid un- 
usual attention to the .students in his office ; regularly devot- 
ing one hour every day to their examination." He was 
proverbially systematic in his business affairs; and even 
into the more private relations of his social and religious 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOr.EDIA. 



35' 



life carried a notable method ami preciseness, of which the 
following may lie cited as an example: " i. Be it remem- 
bered that Samuel Leake, on Sunday, the thirteenth day of 
October, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hun- 
dred and eleven, in the Presbyterian church in Trenton, 
received the Lord's supper; James F. Armstrong then beinu; 
minister of the gospel, and administering the supper in that 
church." Entries in the same form, with the proper dates, 
follow as to each of the sen\i-annual communions until 
October 1st, 1815, when the record is that "Dr. Miller 
preached the action sermon ; Dr. Alexander administered 
the ordinance; Mr. Armstrong was sick and absent." The 
paper continues to make a formal register of each attend- 
ance at the Lord's supper until it closes with that on Janu- 
ary 2d, 1820, two months before his decease; he also pre- 
pared similar documents for each of his daughters as they 
in turn became communicants. He died, March 8lh, 1S20, 
in the seventy-third year of his age. The Supreme Court 
being in session at the time, the bar not only resolved to 
attend the funeral, but recommended to their brethren 
throughout the State to wear the customary badge of 
mourning and respect. His epitaph is as follows: "Sacred 
to the memory of Samuel Leake, Esquire, Serjeant-at-Law. 
Died March 8th, A. D. 1820, X. 72. Educated to the 
bar, he attained the highest degree of eminence; distin- 
guished for candor, integrity, zeal for his clients, and pro- 
found knowledge of jurisprudence, he fulfilled the duties 
of his station with .singular usefulness, ' without fear and 
without reproach.' Deeply versed in human literature, and 
devoutly studious of the words of sacred truth ; he lived the 
life of a Christian, and died the death of the righteous." 



y%tOLLOCK, JAMES, Dyer, noted Presbyterian Ex- 
horter. Elder of the Trenton church, late of Tren- 
ton, was born in Beilh, Ayrshire, Scotland. He 
was one of the most valued parishioners of Rev. 
^"cJJ^ James Waddel Alexander, and was "of those who 
are the glory of the Presbyterian churches." He 
resided in a small house on Mill Hdl,and was employed as 
a dyer in one of the woollen factories on the Assanpink ; 
and thus is described by the eminent divine already men- 
tioned : "His figure w.as somewhat bent, and his hands 
were always blue, from the colors used in his trade. But 
his eye was piercing and eloquent; his countenance would 
shine like a lantern from the light within ; an<l the flame 
of his strong and impassioned thought made his discourse 
as interesting as I ever heard from any man. He had the 
texts of Scripture, as many Scotchmen have, at his finger- 
ends, and could adduce and apply passages in a most un- 
expected manner." The great Scottish writers were his 
familiar friends, and one of his favorite volumes was Ruth- 
erford's " Christ Dying and Drawing Sinners to Himself,'' 



while for Calvin's "Institutes" also he had high respect 
and admiration. His acquaintance with the reformation 
history of Scotland was remarkable, being such as would 
have reflected credit upon any learned clergyman. " Unlike 
many who resembled him in attainment, he w-as inwardly 
and deeply affected by the truths which he knew. His 
speech was always seasoned with salt, and I deemed it a 
means of grace to listen to his ardent and continuous dis- 
course. He was certainly a great talker, but without as- 
sumptit»n or any wearying of competent hearers. His dialect 
was bfoad west-country Scotch, and while I was resident 
his sense of the peculiarity kept him from praying in the 
meetings, though none could otherwise have been more ac- 
ceptable. Plaving from my childhood been used to Scotch 
Presbyterians, and knowing how some of the narrower 
among them will stickle for every pin of the covenanted 
tabernacle, and every shred and token, as if ordained in the 
decalogue, I was both surprised and delighted to observe 
how large-minded he was, in respect to every improvement, 
however different from the ways of his youth. I have wit- 
nessed his faith during grievous illnesses, and I rejoice to 
know that he was enabled to give a clear dying testimony 
for the Redeemer whom he loved." — (Letter.) He died 
in Trenton, New Jersey, in 1858 or 1859. He was widely 
known and esteemed in the Presbyterian circles of this city, 
Burlington and other towns of the State, and by his excel- 
lent labors in the cause of religion accomplished a large 
measure of good among those who came within the scope 
of his influence. 



iii NDER.SON, ALEXANDER, M.D., the first En- 
graver on Wood in America, late of Jersey City, 
was born near Beekman's Slip, New York, April 
2ist, 1775, two days after the first bloodshed in 
the war for independence had occurred at Lex- 
ington and Concord. His father was a native of 
Scotland, and differed in politics from the major portion 
of his countrymen in America at that time, who were gen- 
erally noted for their loyalty to the king and an uncom- 
Ijromising adherence to the royal cause. While the revo- 
lutionary crisis was approaching, and collisions between 
colonial and British authorities and wishes were increasing 
in frequency, he steadfastly advocated the rights of the 
Americans, and was fearless and outspoken in his denun- 
ciation of English usurpation and tyranny. At the time 
of his son's birth he was the publisher of a republican 
newspaper in the city of New York, called T/ie Constittt- 
tional Gazelle. This he continued to publish in opposition 
to the ministerial papers of Rivington and Gaine until the 
close of 1776, when the British took possession of New 
York city. The "rebel printer" was then compelled lo 
fly, with his books and printing materials, nearly all of 
which were lost or destroyed before he reached a place 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCL0P.4LDIA. 



of absolute safety in Connecticut. He was originally a 
physician, having graduated, M. D., at Columbia College, 
New York, and was the pioneer engraver on wood in 
America, the " virtual inventor " of the art on this side 
of the Atlantic. His name has been familiar to booksellers 
and readers in the United States since the opening of the 
present century ; and the " mysterious little monogram, 
'A. A.,' in the corners of wood-cuts in educational and text- 
books has attracted the attention of millions of children in 
our schools, and at our firesides when experiencing the de- 
li'Tht of his pictures." In 1S04 he published "A General 
History of Quadrupeds," with numerous wood-engravings. 
Among his best known works are forty illustrations of 
Shakspeare, and those in " Webster's Spelling Book." 
After his decease B. J. Lossing prepared a memorial lecture 
of him as pioneer engraver and publisher; and in Harper's 
IVeeify, February, 1870, are shown an early and a late 
specimen of his skill in engraving, the first entitled " The 
Beggar at the Door;" the second "Alexander Anderson," 
a portrait of himself, executed in his eighty-first year. It 
depicts him as a hale, though wrinkled and furrowed, large- 
featured and bright-eyed man, with a snow-white beard and 
kindly compressed lips. He died at the residence of his 
son-in-law, in Jersey City, January 17th, 1S70; and in his 
death " the bookmakers' craft and the world of book- 
readers have lost a long-familiar friend : a man whose 
genius, not meteoric in splendor, but planet-like in its 
effulgence, has burned in our firmament with steady lustre 
for almost three generations." His " William and Amelia 
in the Orchard" is a quaint representation of two damsels, 
a lad playing on a pipe, and a small dog, executed at an 
early d.ay, and one which presents a fair sample of his 
initial efforts in the line of art. 



aROVER, LEWIS C, of Newark, was born in 
Caldwell, in the county of Essex, New Jersey, in 
1 81 5. His grandfather, Rev. Stephen Grover, 
served in the continental army, and upon the. 
conclusion of peace resumed his clerical studies. 
He settled in Caldwell early in life, and remained 
the pastor of the Presbyterian church in that place until his 
death, in 1836. He was a man of strong personal charac- 
teristics, and was the trusted coadjutor of the many eminent 
and gifted preachers of the time. The subject of our 
sketch was a favorite of this venerable and worthy gentle- 
nmn, whose reputation is still held in high esteem through 
llie larje .and extensive parish which he rided and guided. 
In i8j7 Stephen R. Grover, the father of Mi". Grover, took 
' up his residence in Newark, where he became a lawyer of 
excellent standing. He represented the county of Essex in 
the State Senate from 1845 to 1S48, and discharged the 
duties of the position with credit and faithfulness. Upon 



the removal of the family to Newark, Lewis C. Grover, 
although quite young, took immediate hold of the real 
responsibilities of life. He obtained a situation in the State 
Bank, and afterwards in the large establishment of Messrs. 
Shipman, Robinson & Co., where he acquired that clear 
and accurate knowledge of business which has been invalu- 
able to him in his progress through life. While engaged 
in these pursuits he found time to pursue branches of study 
in which he became well grounded, the advantages of which 
he has always felt. His reading, too, was extensive and 
sound, and his quick, retentive mind carried with it the 
fruit of culture and study. During this period and after- 
wards he became connected with the literary institutions of 
his place of residence, and derived great advantage from 
his contact with other minds. During this time his in- 
clinations became more decided in favor of a profession,, 
and after some hesitation he became a law student in the 
office of his father, giving to the study all the resolution of 
his character. In 1840 he obtained his attorney's license, 
in the same class as F. T. Frelinghuysen and Joseph P. 
Bradley, and he almost immediately stepped into a success- 
ful and lucrative practice. His activity and energy were 
proverbial, and his management of causes, and his zeal in 
behalf of his clients, are remembered and noted. It is not 
to be supposed that, with his earnest characteristics, he 
should long remain a stranger to political action. The po- 
litical contest of 1838 culminated in what was designated 
the Broad-Seal contest, and in this Governor Pennington 
enlisted the aid of Mr. Grover in the scrutiny of the polls 
in this section of the State. This drew him into early as- 
sociation with all the trusted Whig leaders of the State, and 
laid the foundation of those vigorous efforts which charac- 
terized his course in later years. From 1838 to 1848, the 
close of his connection with political pursuits, he was a 
bold, earnest and uncompromising Whig, conversant with 
the political action of his party, and always influential with 
the younger elements composing it. It was a period when 
Newark and the county of Essex were changing their char- 
acter without altering their convictions, and the conflict of 
what was new with what was old was a necessary feature 
of that change. The political contests of those times, 
too, were the wars of the giants. They were tremendous 
struggles for supremacy between two equal parties, and 
they called out the energies of young and old to an extent 
never since equalled. Mr. Grover was prominent and 
active in the great Presidential struggles of 1840, 1844 ^"<1 
1848, giving of his labors, means and speech to the success 
of the Whig organization. In the year 1848 he was placed 
upon the Whig ticket for Assembly in the county of Essex, 
and was elected by a large majority. In that body he im- 
mediately took an active and leading position. Mr. Whelp- 
ley was elected Speaker, and Mr. Grover took the Chair- 
manship of the Judiciary Committee. In the House were 
Martin Ryerson, John T. Nixon, William F. Day, and 
others prominent in the State, and it may be easily under- 



BIOGRAPHICAL EXCVCI.OI'.EDIA. 



stood that il required great capacity and energy to stand at 
the head with such association. In 1845 Mr. Grover had 
obtained from the Legislature of New Jersey the charter of 
the Mutual Benefit Life Insurance Company, and in its 
organization he was made counsel of the institution. From 
small beginnings it gradually accomplished a success which 
was real and permanent, and it began to need a vigorous 
and capable mind. Mr. Grover was invaluable in his po- 
sition, but the constant demands upon his time and attention 
by his professional and political pursuits detracted from his 
usefulness, and at the close of his first session in the Legis- 
lature it was proposed by the officers and directors that he 
should abandon politics and give his attention almost ex- 
clusively to the affairs of the company. To a young man 
of great promise and much ambition this was not a pleasant 
alternative; but, having decided that the work of his life 
must be in life insurance, he complied with all its conditions 
with scrupulous fidelity. Withdrawing from active life, he 
directed his attention entirely to the success of the company, 
extending and enlarging its business, and securing it from 
that irresponsible control which would have destroyed its 
usefulness. During many years his history would be 
simply a history of the progress of the company. But while 
Mr. Grover, in accordance with his engagements, withdrew 
from the field of political aspirations, he did not lose his in- 
terest in public questions. He has not been the less a 
patriot because he did not take part in political quarrels, for 
none were more active in sustaining the country in its hour 
of peril, or more anxious that faithful and honorable men 
should control its destinies. The friend of law and' order, 
of temperance and religion, of humanity and right, his in- 
fluence has been frequently potent for good. We are thus 
brought up to a period in his career when the re.al success 
and object of his life became apparent even to himself. 
His life, indeed, became merged in that of the great com- 
pany with which he was connected as counsel, Vice-Presi- 
dent and President. Its success and prosperity became 
assured with every passing year, and finally its management 
and control became a great responsibility, requiring the best 
energies of his mind and strong character. When the 
Mutual Benefit Life Insurance Company was formed, life 
insurance was but little understood or appreciated. Its 
varied and complex problems had scarcely been reduced to 
an exact science, and its adaptation to the fresher and 
newer life of the United .States was a question only to be 
solved by experience. This company proceeded upon care- 
ful general principles, its growth was real rather than rapid, 
and the experience of over thirty years proves the wisdom 
of its management and the soundness of its mathematical 
and business control. It is not too much to say that Mr. 
Grover has always been found equal to the demands niatle 
upon him, and that in the complicated management of the 
company he has proved himself worthy of the confidence 
reposed in him. To-day the institution over which he pre- 
sides is regarded as among the strongest in the country. 
45 



This field of duty, however impcirlant, withdraws a pciscm 
from public observation, and necessarily circumscribes a li(e 
within a comparatively narrow boundary; but when we loi.k 
at the success, the results and the advantages springing fro.u 
such an institution, it assumes new importance and sirongcr 
claims. Within its protecting care are shielded the wiiluw 
and the fatherless, and its blessings are distributed far and 
wide. Thus a life devoted to such labors becomes en- 
nobled by results, and we learn to appreciate the patient 
toil and untiring energy which leaves its mark in blessings 
scattered through a whole community. This sketch would 
be wanting in portraiture if we did not refer to the moral 
and religious culture which distinguishes Mr. Grover. 
From his youth this private and public conscientiousness 
has become a part of his life and character, and has been 
felt ill all his connection with business affairs. His charities 
have been large, const.ant and beneficent, and they have 
been governed by no narrow boundary of creeds. Human 
want and suffering have always been suflicient to make a 
claim on that large and comprehensive charity which recog- 
nizes the unvarying law of the Christian faith. 



wii 



URMAN, HON. MOORE, Merchant, first M.ayor 
of Trenton, late of Trenton, New Jersey, was 
born in 1730, or thereabout, and w-as an active 
participant in the war of the Revolution, a loyal 
and eminently useful citizen both in private life 
"^ and as a State officer, and a leading spirit in all 
that concerned the interests of his State and welfare of his 
fellow-citizens. During the d.iys of conflict between the 
colonies and the mother country his enterprising character 
would not permit him to look on willi indifference at pass- 
ing events of such importance, and he at once declared for 
the patriot against the royal cause. He served as Depuly 
Quartermaster-General and in other capacities ; and by ap- 
pointment of the Legislature, ujion its incorporation, in 
1792, became the first Mayor of Trenton, an honor which 
he bore with energy and uprightness. June 12th, 1760, he 
was elected a Trustee of the Trenton Presbyterian Church, 
and Treasurer in 1762. He subsequently removed to Pitt-- 
town, and thence to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. U]X)n his 
return to Trenton from the latter city, he was re-elected to 
the Board, in 1783, and continued in it until the time of his 
decease. Though so long connected with the temporal 
affairs of this Presbyterian congregation, he was not a com- 
municant until November 1st, 1S06. He died at Trenton, 
New Jersey, March l6th, 180S, in the eightieth year of his 
age. He had made a written request of Mr. Armstrong 
that, in case he should be called to officiate at his funeral, 
he would speak from the words, " In:o thine hand I com- 
mit my spirit : thou hast redeemed me, O Lord God of 
truth," Psalm xxxi,; and his request was faithfully followed 



354 



EIOGRArmCAL EXCVCLOP.EDIA. 



ill the body of the discourse, to which the pastor added as 
follows: "This congregation weil know his long and faith 
ful services as a zealous supporter and Trustee of the con- 
cerns and interests of this chuich. In the Revolution he 
was known as a faithful fnend of his country, and was in- 
trusted by government and the commander in-chief of our 
revolutionary army — whose friendship was honor indeed — 
in offices and in departments the most profitahle and most 
important. When bending beneath the load of years 
and infirmities, how did it gladden his soul and appear 
to renew his life to see this edifice rising from the ruins 
of the old one and consecrated to the service of his God ! 
And did you not see him, shortly after its consecration, 
as a disciple of his Redeemer, recognizing his baptismal 
vows, and in that most solemn transaction of our holy 
religion stretching his trembling hands to receive the 
symbols of the body and blood of our Lord and Saviour, 
and in that act express the sentiment of the words selected 
by himself for the use of this mournful occasion, ' Into 
Ihine hand I commit my spirit : thou hast redeemed me, 
O Lord God of truth'"? Peter Hunt, his son- in-law, a 
prosperous and influential merchant of Trenton, was after- 
ward elected a Trustee to supply the vacancy occasioned 
by his death. He was buried within the shadow of the 
church he held in such warm affection, and his gravestone 
may still be seen in its porch. 



^RELLET, STEPHEN, eminent Quaker Preacher 
and Missionary, of Burlington, New Jersey, was 
born in France, in 1773. His parents being 
of the household of Louis XVI., he was nur- 
tured in the bosom of the Roman Catholic 
Church, and educated at the Military College 
of Lyons. While in his seventeenth year he became one 
of the body-guard of the king. After the execution of that 
monarch he evaded the searches of those evilly disposed 
to every one and everything savoring of royalty, and es- 
caped to Demerara. In 1795 he proceeded to New York, 
where, chancing to attend a Quaker meeting, he was so 
attracted by the primitive, simple demeanor and doctrines 
of the Friends that he determined to join their society. 
In the following winter he removed to Philadelphia, and 
during the prevalence of the yellow fever in that city, in 
179S, ministered with efficient zeal and rare magnanimity 
to the sick, the dying and the afflicted. " He was as an 
angel of mercy to the plague-stricken ; unfearingly braved 
the most virulent types of diseases, contagious and in- 
fectious; and spent freely of his substance, time and ex- 
ertions to rescue those whom, in several cases, their veiy 
friends, relations and physician had abandoned." During 
this terrible and trying season he became impressed with 
^he idea that it was his duty to go abroad, and preach 



and publish the gospel, as he held it, to all his ft How- 
creatures, but did not at once act upon the Conviction 
tliat had taken firm hold upon him. In 1799 he sealed 
in New York and engaged in mercantile pursuits for a 
brief period, not yet resolved to accept the role of ilincir.nt 
preacher, but still unea.sy in his mind and uiscttled in 
his deliberations. Eventually he set himself to the pious 
and self-appointed task, and in 1800 made an extensive 
tour through the Southern States as far as Georgia, and 
in 1 801 through the various States of New England, and 
the towns and villages of East and West Canada. In 
1807, continuing his ministrations with unflagging ardor, 
he went to the south of Fiance, and in that historic 
country, where religion and its adjuncts have for centuries 
exercised a prime and ruling influence, stirred and thrilled 
the people by his pleadings, his denunciations, and his 
eloquent exhortations. In 1812 he travelled in Englaivd 
on his philanthropic mission, and also in Germany. In 
1S16 he found a fresh field of labors in Hayli ; and in 
1818, 1819 and 1820 insde an extended tour thiou!;h 
Norway, Sweden, Russia, Greece and Italy, ever lioUling 
the same great end steadfastly in view — the awakening 
of all to the sacredness and importance of a Christian 
life, and the peril of worldly pleasure and immorality. 
At Rome he entered the papal mansion, and standing 
before the head of Roman Catholicism, with his com- 
panion, William Allen, addressed him with the warmth 
and enthusiasm of an early apostle. On this notable oc- 
casion his Holiness, Pope Plus VII., received him with 
kindness, and even listened to his exhortations " with 
the greatest respect and courtesy." While in Russia he 
was granted an audience also with the Czar, and in the 
palace of that powerful monarch "spoke out valiaiul)' and 
beseechingly for the cause of pure religion." In August, 
1820, he returned to his home in this country, to which 
he was deeply attached. In 1S31-1834 he made another 
extended missionaiy excursion through Europe ; and in 
the course of the latter year retired to Burlington, New 
Jersey, where he resided permanently until the time of his 
decease. He married the eldest daughter of Isaac Collins, 
also a member of the Society of Friends, and an eminent 
citizen of Trenton, New Jersey, where he established and 
edited the famous pioneer newspaper of the State, The 
Ne7v Jt'isey Gazette, published in opposition to the royalist 
organs of New York city. His singular career as a con- 
vert from the faith of Rome, and his change from the 
position of body-guard of Louis XVI. to a devoted Quaker 
minister and an itinerant missionar)', have been commemo- 
rated in a printed discourse by Dr. Van Rensselaer; while 
his " Memoirs," by Benjamin Seebohn, were published 
(two volumes, 8vo.) in i860, and are a storehouse of mar- 
vellous experiences, facts and fancies of a highly suggestive 
nature, and revelations of the inner life and meditations 
of one whose nature, standing out in bold relief from 
among the listless and incredulous of his kind, w.is full 



EIOGRAPIIICAL EXCVCLOP.EIUA. 



355 



of the fire of piely.aiul ilesiioiK of the salvation of all mai 
kind. Me died at IJurhngtun, New Jersey, Novembc 
l6ih, 1S55. 



MITH, REV. JOHN, former Pastor of the Trenton 
Presbyterian Church, was born in WethersHehl, 
Connecticut, in 1795-1S00. He was a graduate 
of Yale College, 1821, and of the Andover Theo- 
logical Seminary, and a licentiate of the Congre- 
gational Association of East Fairfield. In De- 
cember, 1S25, he was chosen by the congregation of the 
Trenton Presbyterian Church to fill the vacancy occasioned 
by the de.ith of Rev. Dr. William Jessup Armstrong; in the 
ensuing February was received by the Presbytery, and March 
-Slh was ordained and regularly installed. In that service 
Dr. Carnahan presided; Dr. Hodge preached, i Cor. i. 21, 
and both the charges were given by Rev. E. F. Cooley. In 
this pastorate he continued less than three years, yet in that 
time fifty-nine persons made their first profession. Twenty- 
six of these were received at the communion of April, 1827, 
two of whom afterward entered the ministr)', viz., Rev. 
George Ely, pastor of Nottingham and Dutch Neck, who 
died August 14th, 1856, and Rev. George Burrowes, D. D., 
jjastor of Kirkwood, in Maryland, professor in Lafayette 
College, and pastor in Newtown, Pennsylvania. During 
his ministry some confusion was created by the indiscreet, 
however sincere, zeal, in what they called the cause of 
Christ, of two or three superserviceable ministers and can- 
didates, who desired to introduce those measures for the 
promotion of the work of a pastor that had, then at least, 
the apology of being too new to have taught their warning 
lessons. An attempt was made to form a distinct congrega- 
tion, and separate meetings were held for a lime, and even 
a small building erected, which was put into connection 
with the German Reformed Church ; but the Presbyterians 
gradually returned, and no effort was made, or probably de- 
signed, to produce a schism. In August, 1828, he requested 
a dissolution of the pastoral relation, which was granted by 
the Presbytery, and in the following February was detached 
from that body and took charge of a Congregational church 
in E.xeter, New Hampshire. He afterward exercised his 
ministry in Stamford, and other towns of Connecticut, and 
large numliers of persons of both sexes have, through his 
labors and persuasions, become united with the churches he 
has served. While residing in Trenton, New Jersey, he 
was married to a daughter of the late Aaron Dickinson 
Woodruff, Attorney-General of the Stale of New Jersey. 
In the churchyard .at Trenton is a tablet bearing the follow- 
ing inscription, commemorating a noteworthy bringing to 
God of one of eleven new comnuinicants, in April, 1828: 
"Here lie the remains of Jeremiah D. Lalor, who departed 
this life March 8th, A. D. 1845, aged thirty-two years. To 
those who knew him the remembrance of his virtues is the 



highest eulogy of his character. He had devoted himself 
to the service of God in the ministry of reconciliation, and 
when just upon the thre>hold of the sacred office was re- 
moved by death from the brightest prospects of usefulness 
to serve his Maker in another sphere." And, as a learned 
divine of the same church has remarked, " This is but one 
of many examples illustrating his surpassing usefulness in a 
sphere of beneficent labors and good actions.'' 



S^, 



'(3=* 



fOLLINS, ISAAC, Prmter and Publisher, late of 
Burlington, New Jersey, was born in Delaware, 
February 1 6th, 1 746. His father emigrated to 
the United States from Bristol, England. In his 
boyhood he served an apprenticeship to the print- 
ing business, and at its completion removed to 
Philadelphia, where he worked as a journeyman during the 
ensuing eighteen months. At the expiration of this time he 
entered into partnership relations with Joseph Cruikshanks, 
and in 1 770 settled in Burlington, New Jersey, having been 
chosen colonial printer to George HI. In 1771 he com- 
menced the printing and publishing of almanacs, and con- 
tinued that series of works for nearly a quarter of a century. 
He was also at this time the publisher of several other use- 
ful and needed books. On his removal to Trenton, New 
Jersey, in 1778, he projected what was in the publishing 
business of that time a great enterprise, namely, the publi- 
cation of an octavo family Bible; and the putting forth of 
the entire work was then considered so adventurous an un- 
dertaking that it was deemed necessary to secure extraordi- 
nary encouragement and inducements in adv.ance, and, 
accordingly, the first edition of the Scriptures, that of John 
Aitken, was recommended to the country by a resolution 
of Congress. This was on September I2th, 1782, just five 
years after the report of a committee on a memorial had stated 
that to import types and print and bind 30,000 copies would 
cost ^^10,272 IOJ.,and therefore recommended the adoption 
of a resolution authorizing the importation of 20,000 Bibles. 
In 1788 he issued proposals to print a quarto edition of the 
Bible, in 984 pages, at the price of four Spanish dollars, 
" one dollar to be paid at the time of subscribing." There- 
upon the Synod of New Yotk and New Jersey, November 
3d, 1788, warmly indorsed the matter, and appointed Dr. 
Witherspoon, President S. S. Smith, and Mr. Armstrong to 
concur with committees of any other denominations, or of 
any other Synods, to revise the sheets, and, if necessary, to 
assist in selecting a standard edition. This committee was 
authorized to agree with him to append O.stervald's " Notes," 
if not inconsistent with the wishes of other than Calvinisiic 
subscribers. In 1789 the General Assembly appointed a 
committee of sixteen to lay his proposals before their re- 
spective Presbyteries, and to recommend that subscriptions 
be solicited in each congregation, and report the number 



356 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENXVCLOP.EDIA. 



to the next Assembly. This recommendation was reiterated 
in 1790 and 1791. Thus sustained, the quarto edition of 
5,000 copies was published in the course of the latter year. 
Ostervald's " Practical Observations," which added 170 
pages of matter, were furnished to special subscribers. " Col- 
lins' Bible " was so carefully revised that it is still a stan- 
dard. He and his children assumed the roles of careful 
proof-readers, and it is stated in the preface of a subsequent 
edition, after mentioning the names of several clergymen 
who assisted the publisher in i79l,"Some of these per- 
sons, James F.Armstrong in particular, being ne.ar the press, 
assisted also in reading and correcting the proof-sheets." 
The following, taken from Dr. Hall's excellent work treat- 
ing of Trenton and the Presbyterian church of that city, 
is an item of interest and value : "As an instance of the 
■weight which the most incidental acts of the Assembly carried 
at that early period of its existence, T would allude to a letter 
to the Moder-rlor of 1790 from the Rev. David Rice, often 
called the Presbyterian Pioneer, or Apostle of Kentucky, 
in which he states that having received from Mr. Arm- 
strong, as clerk of the Assembly, a notification of the action 
in reference to the Collins Bible, he had procured the call- 
ing of a special meeting of the Transylvania Presbytery, 
' that we might be in a capacity to obey the order of the 
General Assembly.' ' Such is our dispersed condition ' that 
it was some weeks before the meeting could convene. 
'After two days' deliberation on the subject,' they found that 
a compliance was impracticable, and on Mr. Rice was de- 
volved the office of explaining the cause of the delinquency. 
One of the difficulties was that of sending a messenger to 
Philadelphia in time for the Assembly to carry the advanced 
subscription money ; ' the want of horses sufficient for so long 
a journey, or of other necessaries, laid an effectual bar in 
our way.' " In order to secure the utmost accuracy in the 
typography of his Bible, the whole was subjected to eleven 
searching and careful proof-readings, the last of which was 
by his daughter, Rebecca ; and so free from errors was this 
edition of the Scriptures, that it became at once the standard 
for all critical appeal, when the English translation alone 
was concerned. The American historiographer of printing, 
according to Hall, makes no menlion of the quarto edition 
of 5,000 copies published in 1 791, but speaks only of his 
octavo New Testament of 17S8, and Bible of 1793-94. He 
also printed in Trenton 2,000 copies of Sewel's " History 
of the Quakers," of nearly 1,000 pages folio; Ramsay's 
" .South Carolina," 2 vols., and other large and important 
works. Moreover, the first newspaper issued in New Jersey 
was printed by him at Burlington, December 5th, 1777 ; 
subsequently it was transferred to Trenton, and published 
there from February 25th, 1778, to November 27th, 1786, 
excepting a suspension of nearly five months in 1 783, when it 
was finally discontinued. He was the conductor as well as 
proprietor of the paper, the title of "editor," indeed, not 
having superseded that of " printer," and it was established 
to counteract the anti-republican tendency of Rivington's 



Royal Gazette, of New York. Governor Livingston was a 

correspondent of the Trenton Gazette as long as it remained 
in his hands. December glh, 1777, the Legislature exempted 
him, " and any number of men not exceeding four to be em- 
ployed by him at his printing office," from militia service 
during the lime they were occupied in printing the laws, or 
the weekly newspaper. In 1779 he vindicated the liberty 
of the press in a signal and notable manner, considering the 
time and circumstances bearing on him, by refusing to give 
the name of a political correspondent on the demand of the 
Legislative Council. His reply was : " In any other case, 
not incompatible with good conscience or the welfare of my 
country, I shall think myself happy in having it in my 
power to oblige you." There was a paper-mill in Trenton 
before the time of the publication of his Bible. In Decem- 
ber, 1788, it was advertised by its proprietors, Stacy Polls 
and John Reynolds, as "now nearly completed." The 
manufacturers issued " earnest appeals for rags ; in one of 
their publications presenting to the consideration of those 
mothers who have children going to school ihe present great 
scarcity of that useful article, without which their going lo 
school would avail them but lillle." In January, 1789, the 
/iiv/c) (7/ yorf, otherwise known as the Trenton Weekly Mer- 
cury, printed by Quequelle & Wilson, was obliged to have 
ils size reduced " un account of the scarcity of demy print- 
ing paper." The " Trenton School Company " originated 
in ameeting of citizens, held February loth, 1781, the capital 
being S720, divided into ihirly-six shares. A lot was then 
purchased and a stone building erected, one story of which 
was occupied in 17S2; in the following year it was enlarged 
and the endowment increased; in 1785 it was incorporated, 
and in 1794 ils funds were replenished by means of a lot- 
tery; and in 1800 the girls' school of the academy was re- 
moved to the school-house belonging lo the Presbyterian 
church. "The public quarterly examinations were usually 
closed with exercises in speaking in the church, and the 
newspapers tell of ' the crowded and polite audiences ' 
which attended, usually including the Governor, Legisla- 
ture, and distinguished strangers." Among the latter, in 
1784, were the President of Congress, Baron Sleuben, and 
members of the Congress and Legislature. Of this academy 
he was one of the leading and active founders, and al- 
though nine of his children were educated within its wills, 
he refused to take advantage of his right as a stockholder 
to have ihem instructed without further charge. In 1796 
he removed to New Y'ork, but in 1S08 returned to his foi iner 
home in Burlington. His wife, Rachel Budd, was great- 
granddaughter of Mahlon Stacy, an eminent citizen of New 
Jersey, and the original proprietor of the hand on which the 
academy now stands. " It is a remarkable fact in the his- 
tory of his family of fourteen children that, after the death 
of one in infancy, there was no mortality for the space of 
fifty years." His eldest daughter was married to Stephen 
Grellet, whose singular career as a convert from the faith 
of Rome, and the position of bodyguard of Louis XVI., to 



4> 




aua^fui.ctJ'x^^ 



/^^//| 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/-EDIA. 



357 



an aideiit Quaker minister and missionary, lias been com- 
nienioraleil in a printed discouree by Dr. Van Rensselaer. 
In 1S4S his surviving family " printed for private use a 
memoir of their venerated p.irents," and therein may be 
found a more extended and minute account of the life and 
works of this useful and distinguished citizen. His children 
ii.ave cherished the religious sentiments of their parents and 
united with the Friends, while the sons turned their atten- 
tion and energies to the vocation of their father, and through- 
out the United States to-day are thousands of books bearing 
the imprints of the various firms with which this generation 
of publishers has been connected. He died at Burlington, 
New Jersey, March 2lst, 1S17. 



HEOMANS, REV. JOHN" WILLIAM, Presby- 
terian Clergyman, of Trenton, was born in this 
State in 1S00-1S04, and graduated from Williams 
College, 1S24, and also at the Andover Seminary. 
March i6th, 1S34, the congregation of the Tren- 
ton Church chose as pastor Rev. Symmes C. 
Henry, but the call was declined. On the following June 
6th a second choice was made, and he, being then pastor 
of a Congregational church in Piltsfield, Massachusetts, was 
elected to fill the vacant pulpit. He was then duly received 
by the Presbytery, and installed October 7th, 1834. In 
that service Rev. David Comfort presided; Rev. J. W. 
Alexander preached, I Cor. xi. I, and Drs. B. H. Rice 



ster, lSj7,andwas then susjicnded until the formation tlierc 
of the Second Church of Trenton. He had a seat in the 
Gener.-il Assembly of 1S37, when the decisive acts were 
adopted which resulted in the division familiarly known as 
the Old School and the New .School, the latter pcrlion form- 
ing a distinct congregation. " No disturljance was produced 
in the Trenton congregation by this revolution; with entire 
unity it remained in the ancient fraternity of the churches 
of the New Brunswick Presbytery." The following is a 
portion of a letter written by him to' the Rev. John Hall, 
D. D., an eminent divine, and the historian of the church 
in Trenton : " The building of the church fairly ltd the way 
to the construction of tasteful architecture in the place. Tlic 
court house was built at the same time, but the draft of tlie 
church helped to determine the form of that ; and the row 
of cottages beyond the canal, and some other handsome 
dvVellings which followed in the course of improvement, 
were built by the men who came there to build the church. 
I shall never forget the cordial and earnest way the trustees 
and others of the congregation, and indeed the whole body, 
engaged in the work. I have scarcely known a people who 
resolved to appropriate so much to the erection of a house 
of worship in proportion to their means at the time. They 
went through the work without one case of personal dis- 
affection arising out of their proceedings, and their ze.al and 
labor have since proved a great blessing to them and to 

others We had during my ministry there no occasion 

which was signalized as a revival. The accessions to full 
communion were, if I rightly remember, more or less at 
every sacramental celebration of the supper. Sometimes, 



and A. Alexander gave the charges. His actu.al ministry perhaps, the records will show, twenty or thirty in a year; 

perhaps even on a single occasion twenty But many 

.are flir more decisive than I .am inclined to be in aiming 
at the kind of a\v.akenings which are frequent in some parts 
of the Church, and published with so much avidity in the 
papers." The total additions to the communion in his pas- 
torate were seventy-two on examination, and eighty-five on 
certificate. June 1st, 1841, he entered on the Presidency 
of Lafayette College, Pennsylvania. 



is to be dated from September nth, 1S34, to June 1st, 1S41, 
when he entered on the Presidency of Lafayette College, 
Pennsylv.ania. " To his energy and influence, not less than 
to the enterprise of the congreg.ation, is owing the erection 
of the commodious church which is now occupied by the 
congregation." The corner-stone of the new building was 
laid May 2d, 1S39, and services were held for the first time 
January igth, 1S40. The preceding structures stood upon 
the western part of the church lot : the present one was 
placed in the central part. The dimensions are, 104 feet 
length; 62 feet breadth; steeple 120 feet. On the after- 
noon of the same day Dr. How preached, and Dr. A. Alex- 
ander admmistered the Lord's supper ; three deacons and 
three elders were also then ordained, James Pollock, Aaron 
A. Hutchinson, Er.ancis A. Ewing, M. D., John A. Hutch- 
mson, Beniamin S. Disbrow, and Joseph G. Brearley; and 
in the evening an eloquent sermon was delivered by Rev. 
J. W. /Mexander. In April, 1837, a church was organized 
by a committee of Presbytery in Bloomsburg, then a suburb 
of Trenton, and the place of worship was the building 
erected by those who followed Rev. William Boswell in 
his secession from the regular Baptist denomination, and 
which was vacated upon his death in 1S33. This mission 
was zealously conducted for a year by Rev. Charles Web- 



bUGHTY, JOSHUA, retired Merchant and Bank 
President, of Somerville, was born, 1 799, in 
Morris county. New Jersey, and is a son ol the 
late M.ajor-General Solomon Doughty, of the 
New Jersey State Militia. The family is of 
English descent, and were settled in New Jersey 
prior to the revolutionary war. Joshua Doughty received a 
substantial business education, and when he reached the 
age of eighteen years he left home, and during the greater 
portion of the next three years was engaged in the whole- 
sale dry-goods house of Doty & Ilalsey, in the ciiy of New 
York. He then went to the Southern Slates, and sojourned 
for about a year in Mobile, .Mr.bama. Leaving that city, 



358 



BIOGRAPHICAL E>"CYCLOP.EDIA. 



he engaged in business on his own account in Appalachicola, 
Florida, where he opened the first store and sold the first 
goods ever offered in (hat town. He continued this ven- 
ture for about two years, when he removed to Franklin, 
Alabama, where he again embarked in business, carrying on 
a general country trade, and remained there until 1S36, 
when he closed up his business in the South, and returned 
to New Jersey, where he selected Somerville as his future 
residence, and purchased property in that town. In 1838 
he built a store, and again entered into a general trade in 
which he continued to be interested until 1866. He pro- 
cured, in 1S48, the charter for the Somerville County Bank, 
and immediately upon its organization he was elected its 
first President, and held that position uninterruptedly for 
twenty-five years, resigning in 1873. This bank is one of 
the most substantially prosperous institutions of the kind in 
the State ; and its present high standing is due, in a great 
measure, to his judicious management in former years. It 
still retains its organization as a State bank. He is a prom- 
inent member of the Democratic party, and in i860 was 
one of the delegates to the National Convention at Charles- 
ton, where he supported Mr. Guthrie for the Presidency; 
but when that body adjourned to Baltimore, he supported 
Breckenridge. In 1S63 he was nominated, by the De- 
mocracy of Somerville, as their candidate for State Senator, 
and elected to the same by the largest majority ever given 
to a Democrat in that county. While in the Senate he 
served on the Committee on Treasurer's Accounts, and 
during his first year, when the majority in that body was 
Democratic, he was Chairman of the said committee. He 
has been, for a number of years. President of the Raritan 
Water-Power Company. He is a man of stern integrity, 
rare business discernment, and has done much to advance 
the material prosperity of Somer\'ilIe ; indeed, he is perhaps 
one of its largest real estate owners. He was married, in 
1S35, to Susan M., daughter of Colonel Isaac Southard, and 
a niece of the late Senator Samuel L. Southard. 



> cDANOLDS, JAMES S., Slate Librarian, Trenton, 
was born in Branchville, Sussex county. New Jer- 
sey, July nth, 1841. Having received a thor- 
ough common school education, he entered, as a 
clerk, a store in Branchville, and subsequently 
obtained a clerical position in New York. In the 
latter he remained until the breaking out of the war, 
when he enlisted in the yih New Jersey Regiment, Colonel 
Joseph Revere. With this organization he remained until 
the 15th of August, 1862, when he was commissioned a 
Second Lieutenant and assigned to Company D, in the 15th 
New Jersey Regiment. In March, 1863, he was promoted 
to be First Lieutenant, and in March, 1S64, to be Captain 
— his successive advances being the reward of faithful and 
efficient service. Two months later (May 12th) his career 



in the army was cut short at the battle of .Spottsylvania, 
where he was wounded m both legs and in the head. His 
right leg was so severely injured as to render amputation 
necessary, and after spending four months in hospital, he 
was (December 15th, 1864) honorably discharged from the 
service. Up to the time of his discharge he had taken part 
in all the hard fighting in which both regiments — during his 
respective connections with them — had been engaged, and 
his army record was thoroughly creditalile to his patriotism 
and soldierly ability. Soon after his discharge from the 
army he opened a general store in Branchville, and was 
employed in mercantile affairs until the fall of 1871, when 
he was appointed an officer in the register dcparlmenl of ihe 
New York Post-Office. Still retaining his residence in 
New Jersey, he discharged the duties of this responsible 
position until March, 1S72, when he was appointed Stale 
Librarian of New Jersey. Admirably fitted by his clerical 
training for an office of this sort, his management of the 
library has been of the most satisfactory character, and his 
ability was acknowledged by his reappointment in January, 
1876, for a further term of three years. In politics, as may 
be inferred from his war record, he is an earnest Repub- 
lican, heartily devoted to furthering the interests of his 
party. He w.as married, January 1st, 1866, to Frances, 
daughter of Mr. John Hendershot, of Sussex county. 

{ ~*^^ 

ILLS, GEORGE MORGAN, D. D., Clergyman, 
Scholar, Historian, etc., the youngest of six chil- 
dren — four daughters and two sons — of Horace 
and Almira (Wilcox) Hills, was born in Auburn, 
New York, October loth, 1825. His parents 
were natives of Connecticut, his father's birth- 
place being near Hartford, and that of his mother near New 
Haven. They carried the influences of religion and learning 
with them to their western home, where for thirty yeai-s they 
were prominent in whatever gave Christian refinement to 
the place. The subject of this notice was prepared for col- 
lege exclusively in select schools and under private tutors, 
and very early evinced great promise in oratory and belles- 
lettres. When fourteen years of age he removed W'ith his 
parents to the city of New York. At seventeen he set to 
music Coxe's ballad, " Carol, Carol, Christians," which is 
believed to have been the first Christmas carol sung in this 
country. He was graduated with honors at Trinity College, 
Hartford, Connecticut, in 1S47, his omtion at the Com- 
mencement, on " Berkeley, Bishop of Cloyne," being so 
marked, that, at the solicitation of several distinguished 
literary gentlemen present, it was published. He immedi- 
ately became a candidate for holy orders in the Diocese of 
Western New York. After three years' study in divinity, 
he was made Master of Arts in course, was ordained Deacon 
in Trinity Church, Buffalo, New York, by Bishop De Lan- 
cey, and took charge of Giace Church, Lyons, New York. 



KIOGRArillCAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 



359 



Tlie next year lie w.is advanced to tlie priestliood, by the 
same prelate, in Trinity Cliureli, Geneva, New VorU, and 
instituted into the rectorship at Lyons. On the 7th of Oc- 
tober, 1852, in St. Uartholomew's Church, New York, he 
was united in marriage, by his brother, the Rev. Horace 
Hills, Jr., with Sarah, the eldest daughter of the late John 
Dows, ol the firm of Dows & Gary, New York. In 1S53 
he was called to Trinity Church, Watertown, New York, 
where he remained \\'itli great acceptability and success 
until he was chosen Rector of Si. Paul's Church, Syracuse, 
New York. He entered upon his duties there in .May, 
1S57, and the congregation increased so rapidly, that the 
next year the church building was enlarged and otherwise 
improved. In 1S61, accompanied by his wife and two 
other relatives, he made an extensive tour through Europe, 
which occupied nearly a year, during which he contributed 
every week " Letters from Europe " to the columns of the 
Goipel Messenger. He had personal acquaintance with 
Bi-.hop Wilberforce, Dean Hook, Canon Harold Browne, 
and other dignitaries of the Church of England, and the 
memorable pleasure of an interview with the only survivor 
of those present at the consecration of Bishop Seabury, and 
of receiving from the Bishop of .\berdeen, Scotland, the gift 
of a portrait of one of Seabury's consecrators. Returning to 
his parish in 1S62, he was elected by the Convention of 
\Vestern New York a Trustee of the General Theological 
Seminary, and subsequently placed by that body on their 
" committee for the examination " of the students. In 1863 
he was elected by the diocesan convention as one of 
four clergymen appointed to represent that body in the 
General Convention of the Protestant Episcopal Church, 
which he subsequently did in Philadelphia in 1S65, where 
he was a member of the " committee on the prayer-book." 
In 1S63. at the request of the rector of that parish, he laid 
the conur-stone of Christ Church, Jordan, New York. In 
1364, at the request of Bishop De Lancey, he preached the 
sermon at the consecr.ation of St. George's Church, Utica, 
New York. In 1S65 he preached a sermon commemora- 
tive of Bi^h'ip De L.incey, entitled, "Tlie Wise Master- 
Buikler," which, after being repeated by request, was 
printed. In the following autumn, at the suggestion of 
Bishop Coxe, he organized " The Onomlaga Convocation," 
a voluntary association comprising the clergy in the counties 
of Onondaga, Cayuga and Cortland. In 1867, in addition 
to the care of his large parish, he inaugurated a very prom- 
ising mission among the Onondaga Indians, at their 
" reservation," eight miles from Syracuse, preparing for 
them a mission service, their own language being on one 
page and its translation into English on the opposite, fitting 
them up a chapel, preaching to them through an interpreter 
every Sunday afternoon, baptizing adults and children, pre- 
senting a class for confirmation, and marrying, with Christian 
rites, some who had been living for years in pagan con- 
cui)inage. The attachment of these Indians to him became 
very great, and their chiefs and principal men gave him the 



name of Sa-go-ya-ta-gaia-haha, " The great worker to save 
souls." In December, 1S67, by commission from Bishop 
Coxe, he laid the corner-stone of St. James' Church, Cleve- 
land, New York. In August, 1868, on nomination of 
Bishop Clarkson, he was elected one of the Trustees of 
Dakota Hall, at Yankton, Dakota Territory. The same 
month, by appointment of Bishop Coxe, he preached in St. 
Paul's Cathedral, Bufl'alo, New York, before the last conven- 
tion of the undivided Diocese of Western New York. The 
sermon, entitled, "The Record of the Past an Incentive for 
the Future," was printed by request, and very widely copied 
and circulated in the church papers. As a member of the 
I preliminary committee for the erection of a new diocese in 
central New York, he offered, in behalf of the church-people 
of Syracuse, an episcopal residence to cost not less than 
$20,000, and his own parish church for the cathedral of the 
new diocese, if its primary convention would give it the 
name of the " See of Syracuse," and its bishop make that 
city his seat. A month later, when the new diocese came 
into existence, and was named " Centinl New York," lie 
was chosen President of its first Standing Committee, and 
at its special Cfinvenfion, in January, 1869, he was among 
those prominently balloted for as bishop of the diuceo. 
In May following, by request of the Trustees of the Syra- 
cuse Home Association, he laid the corner-store of the new 
building for that institution. In August he was appointed 
by Bishop Huntington as President of the Fourth District 
Convocation, and organized the clergy and lay representa- 
tives from the counties of Oswego, Madison and Onondaga, 
in accordance with a new canon, dividing the diocese into 
convocation districts. In October he was elected Financial 
Secretary of the Diocesan Board of Missions. In January, 
1870, he was made First Vice-President (the bishop being 
president) at the organization of The Church Brotherhood 
of Syracuse, and prepared an " Office of Devotions " for 
the opening of its meetings. In the midst of these labors, 
and holding so many positions of responsibility, he was un- 
expectedly called to the rectorship of the venerable jiarish 
of St. Mary's Church, Burlington, New Jersey. The press- 
ure was very strong, and the attractions very great. He 
resigned all his ofiices and trusts m the Diocese of Central 
New York, and accepted the parish in New Jersey in Sep- 
tember, 1870. "An Historical Sketch of St. Paul's Church, 
Syracuse, New Y'ork," which he printed soon after, shows 
that during his thirteen years' rectorship in that parish, 
there was a total of baptisms, 616; confirmed, 397; com- 
municants added, 603; marriages, 205; burials, 212; a 
gain in the Sunday-school of 200 children, and offerings 
amounting to $123,565.58. Complimentary resolutions 
were presented to him by his vestry, and $1,000 in money 
as a parting gift. The Standing Committee of the Diocese 
cf Central New York likewise, through their secretary, ad- 
dressed him a public letter, expressive of their deep sense 
of loss by his removal, and bearing testimony to his valua- 
ble labors for the church in that diocese. Meanwhile he 



.)6o 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENXYCLOP.EDIA. 



was received by his New Jersey friends with every demon- 
siralion of cordiality and confidence. Bishop Odenheimer 
completed his college of Examining Chaplains by appoint- 
ing him to itS'only vacancy, and shortly afterwards made 
him Lecturer on Ilomiletics and Pastoral Theology in Bur- 
linjton College; and on Sunday, December 4th, 1S70, he 
wis solemnly instituted by Bishop Odenheimer into the 
recloiship of St Mail's parish, in the presence of a large 
congiegation, including the rectors, teachers and pupils 
of St. Mary's Hall and Burlington College, most of whom 
remained after the communion ofiice to add their bidding 
of " Godspeed " to that of the wardens and vestrymen. 
On the 13th of July, 1871, he received the honorary degree 
ol Doctor of Divinity from his Alma Alatcr, Trinity Col- 
lege. In October following he was made a member of the 
Board of Missions of the United States. In the same year 
he w.as placed on the Indian Commission of that board. In 
June, 1873, he was chosen by the trustees of that institution 
a Fellow of Trinity College; and in July, 1S74, he was 
elected Sub-Dean of the House of Convocation of that 
body. On September 29th following, he was appointed by 
Bishop Odenheimer, Dean of the Convocation of Burling- 
ton, of which he had previously been both Treasurer and 
Secretary. At the special convention of the Diocese of 
New Jersey for the election of a bishop, and such other 
officers as niight be needed to put the diocese in full work- 
ing order, he received sever.al ballots for Bishop of New 
Jersey, and was elected Secretary of the Standing Commit- 
tee of the Diocese, with power to niahe all the arrange- 
ments necessary for the confirmation and consecrulion of the 
Iiishop-elect. He was also appointed Chairman of a 
special committee of five to respond, on behalf of the dio- 
cese, to the farewell letter of Bishop Odenheimer. At the 
convention in May, 1875, he was elected Registrar of the 
Diocese. On the 6th of October, 1875, by appointment of 
Bishop Scarborough, he laid the corner-stone of St. Faith's 
Church, Red Bank, Gloucester county. New Jersey. In 
J.inuary, 1S76, he prepared an "Office fur the Benediction 
of the Old Church of St. Mary, in Burlington," which was 
used by Bishops Scarborough, Odenheimer, and others, on 
February 2d following, at the reopening of the venerable 
f.ibric, restored and beautified for parish purposes. May 
30ih, 1876, in St. Mich.iel's Church, Trenton, New Jersey, 
by appointment of Bi>hop Scarborough, he preached the 
s.;rmon at the opening of the ninety third annual conven- 
tion of the Diocese of New Jersey. The subject was, 
'• The Transfer of the Church in America from Colonial 
Dependence to the Freedom of the Republic," from St. 
M.uihew xxi. 43. By unanimous vote of the convention it 
w.is published. On the 1st of June he issued his great his- 
torical work called, " History of the Church in Burlington, 
New Jersey; comprising the Facts and Incidents of Nearly 
Two Hundred Years." It is a handsome octavo of 739 
pages, showing extraordinary research, universally praised 
by scholars and people of culture, and for it he was imme- 



diately made a member of the Historical Society of Penn- 
sylvania. In June, 1876, Dr. Hills was elected Dean of the 
House of Convocation of Trinity College, Hartford; and in 
July following he was elected a Trustee of Burlington Col- 
lege and St. Mary's Hall. During his rectorship in Bur- 
lington seventy additional sittings have been made in the 
church, the organ doubled in size, a handsome rectory pur- 
chased, and a Guild founded for all departments of church 
work, in which there is now a large, active membership. 
Dr. Hills has three sons and a daughter. 



RANE, REV. ELIAS W., Lite of Jamaica, Long 
Island, was born in Elizabethtown, New Jersey, 
and graduated at Princeton in 1814. During a 
subsequent period of six years he acted at Morris- 
town in the capacity of teacher, and officiated at 
Springfield as minister of the gospel. In 1825, 
in the course of a noteworthy revival, eighty or more persons 
were enrolled among the members of his church, and much 
abiding good was accomplished. From 1826 until the time 
of his death his field of labors was in Jamaica, Long 
Island, where, in the memorable revivals of 1 83 1 and 1839, 
which produced in many noted instances the most surprising 
and desirable results, seventy-four and seventy-six persons 
were secured to the church as permanent and exemplaiy 
members. His death, which came upon him suddenly, 
found him environed by good works and excellent projects. 
He died November loth, 1S40, aged forty-four years. 



ARD, LESLIE DODD, M. D., of Newark, son 
of Moses D. and Louisa Ward, was born at 
Madison, New Jersey, July 1st, 1845. Both lines 
of his ancestors, the Dodds and Wards, have 
been for many years prominent in East Jersey, the 
families centring in Newark and vicinity. His 
uncle, Ira Dodd, took a leading part in furthering the build- 
in<T of the railroad uniting Bloomfield and Newark, and was 
for a time President, as also one of the original corporators 
of the company by which the line was built. Various other 
of his relations have been engaged in important public and 
private enterprises in New Jersey and elsewhere. In New 
York his family name is well known, his cousin being 
senior memljer of the publishing house of Moses Dodd S: 
Co. He was educated at the Newark Academy. In the 
eariy part of 1864 he enlisted in the 37th New Jersey Regi- 
ment, obtaining the rating of Orderiy Sergeant. In the 
latter part of the same year he retired from the service and 
began the study of medicine in the office of Dr. Fisher, of 
Morristown. Later, he attended lectures at the College of 
Physicians and Surgeons of New York, receiving his degree 



niOGRAPIIICAL ENXVCLOP.-EDIA. 



.^'■'i 



of M. D. from that institulioii in iS68. Estaljlishing him- 
self at Ne\varl<, he was fortunate at the outseL of his career 
in being associated with Dr. Lott Southard, a physician 
of high standing and well eslaljlished reputation. This 
connection, which continued for two years, gave him the 
basis of an extensive and lucrative practice : a practice 
which has since continuously increased. In the profession 
he IS regarded with general favor, and is an active member 
of the State and county medical societies. For the past 
five years he has been Visiting Surgeon to St. Barnabas 
Hospital, Newark ; is County Physician to Essex county, 
and is Medical Director of the Prudential Insurance Com- 
pany. He was married, March 5th, 1S74, to Minnie, 
daughter of James Perry, one of the leading manufacturers 
of leather, of Newark. 



/ 

'ICKS, ELIAS, eminent Quaker Preacher, Founder 
of the Hicksile Departure, Itinerant Preacher and 
Exhorter of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Mary- 
land, Ohio, New York, etc.. Kite of Jericho, Long 
Island, was born in the township of Hempstead, 
Queens county. Long Island, March 19th, 174S, 
and was the son of John Hicks and Martha Hicks, who 
were descended from reputable families; his father was a 
gr.andson of Thomas Hicks, who has honorable mention 
in the journal of Samuel Bownas; neither was a member 
in strict fellowship with any religious society until shortly 
before his birth ; his father then joined in membership with 
Friends; " .... but as his residence was mostly at some 
distance from meeting, and in a neighborhood where very 
few Friends lived, my associates, when young, were chiefly 
among those of other religious pei-suasions, or, what was 
still worse for me, among those who made no profession of 
religion at all. This exposed me to much temptation ; and 
though I early felt the operation of divine grace, checkiii'r 
and reproving me for my lightness and vanity, yet being 
of a lively, active spirit, and ambitious of excelling in my 
play and diversions, I sometimes exceeded the bounds of 
true moderation, for which I often felt close conviction and 
fears on my pillow in the night season." When eight years 
of age he removed with his father to the south side of Long 
Island, near the seashore, and there settled on a farm. 
Five years later he was placed with one of his elder 
brothers, his mother having died two years previously; 
and subsequently was apprenticed to learn the trade of a 
house-car|ienter and joiner. His master at that period, 
though ail orderly man and a frequent attendant at Friends' 
meetings, " was yet in an enger pursuit after temporal 
riches, and was of but little use to me in my religious im- 
provement. We had to go from place to place to 

attend to our work, and I was thereby introduced into hurt- 
ful company, and learned to dance and to pursue other 
frivolous and vain amusements." At the expiration of his 
46 



apprenticeship, however, he gradually withdrew from the 
company of his former associates, became more widely ac- 
quainted with Friends, and was more frequent in his 
attendance of meetings; and although this was in some 
degree profitable to liim, he, according to his own state- 
ment, yet made but slow jjrogress in his religious imjirove- 
ment. "The occupation of jjart of my time in fishing and 
fowling had frequently tended to preserve me from falling 
into hurtful associations; but through the rising intimations 
and reproofs of divine grace in my lieart, I now liegan to 
feel that the manner in which I sometimes amused myself 
with my gun was not without sin ; for although I mostly 
preferred going alone, and while waiting in stillness for 
the coming of the fowl, my mind was at times so taken up 
with divine meditations that the opportunities were seasons 
of instruction and comfort to me ; yet, on other occasions, 
when accompanied by some of my acquaintances, and when 
no fowls appeared, wdiich would be useful to us after being 
obtained, we sometimes, from wantonness or mere diver- 
sion, would destroy the small birds which could be of no 
service to us. ... . But I was led to consider conduct like 
this to be a great breach of trust, and an infringement of 
the divine prerogative. It, therefore, became a settled 
principle with me not to take the life of any creature, ex- 
cept it was really useful and necessary when dead, or very 
noxious and hurtful when living." In the spring of 1771 
he settled on the farm of his wife's relations, and assisted 
in the cares and labors incident to agricultural life; with 
those worthy people he remained during their lives, and 
the place 'iA-entually became his settled residence. He had 
then the benefit of the company of several Friends, by 
whose example he was frequently incited to seriousness and 
piety; "yet, having entered pretty closely into business, I 
\\'as thereby much diverted from my religious improvement 
for several years." But about the twenty-sixth year of his 
age he was again, through divine grace, brought under 
deep concern of mind, and again permitted to see truly 
into the perilous state he had been approaching. " My 
spirit w^as brought under a close and weighty labor in 
meetings for discipline, and my understanding much en- 
larged therein About this time I began to have 

openings leading to the ministry, which brought me under 
close exercise and deep travail of spirit ; for .although I had 
for some time spoken on subjects of business in monthly 
and preparative meetings, yet the prospect of opening my 
mouth in public meetings was a close trial; but I en- 
deavored to keep my mind quiet and resigned to llie 
heavenly call, if it should be made clear to me to be my 
duty." The yearly meeting was held steadily during the 
revolutionary war on Long Island, where the royalists were 
in power; yet Friends from the Main, where the American 
army ruled, had free passage through both armies to attend 
it, and any other meeting they were desirous of attending, 
except in a few instances. " This was a favor which the 
parties would not grant to their best friends, who were of a 



^62 



BIOGRAPHICAL EXCVCLOP.EDIA. 



warlike disposition; which shows what great advantages 
would redound to mankind were they all of this pacific 
spirit. I passed myself through the lines of both armies six 
times during the war, without molestation and al- 
though I had to pass over a tract of country, between the 
two armies, sometimes more than thirty miles in extent, 
and which was much frequented by robbers, a set in gen- 
eral of cruel, unprincipled banditti, issuing out from both 
parties, yet, excepting once, I met with no interruption 
even from them." In consequence of sundry discussions, 
concerning the acceptance or refusal of a sum of money 
taken from the British by some Friends, as rent for the use 
as an arsenal of the cellar in the New York meeting house, 
he was, in 1779, appointed to act with others in settling the 
affair at the next yearly meeting of Pennsylvania. On the 
fallowing September 9th he set out on his errand ; pass- 
ingly attended meetings at Harrison's Purchase and Ob- 
long ; and after a short sojourn at Nine Partners attended 
also the meetings of New Marlborough, Hardwick and 
Kingwi)0<l, and arrived in Philadelphia on the 25th, on 
which day he presented himself at the yearly meeting of 
ministers and elders. A subsequent attack of fever pre- 
vented him from being present, however, when the subject 
that chiefly interested him was discussed, but the result was 
the advising of the return of the money whence it had 
come. He afterward attended successively the meetings 
of the following places: Eyberry, Middletown, Wiight' 
Town, Plumbstead, Buckingham, Drowned Lands, Nine 
Partners, Oswego, Appoquague, Peachpond, Amawalk and 



York and Staten Island were visited by him in 1 790; also 
Vermont; in 1791 he returned to his native place; in the 
course of the same year he made a general visit to Friends 
of the New York yearly meeting; in 1 792 he was an active 
.spirit at various meetings of ministers and elders; and in 
1793 he travelled in a proselytizing spirit and intent through 
New England and Vermont. July 26th, 1795, he left home 
in order to join a committee of Friends, appointed by the 
yearly meeting of ministers and elders, to visit the quar- 
terly and preparative meetings, and Friends individually, 
in those stations throughout the yearly meeting. "A con- 
cern having arisen in that meeting, occasioned by the many 
obvious deficiencies and departures amongst us as a people, 
from the purity and simplicity of our holy profession, a 
minute was issued and recommended to the inferior meet- 
ings, setting forth the ground of this concern, and for the 
purpose of stirring np and encouraging Friends to a diligent 
search and labor, that the many hurtful disorders might be 
removed, and a right reformation, from these prevailing 
weaknesses, effectually take place." December I2tb, 1797, 
he departed for New York, having in view the visiting of 
New Jersey, Delaware, Virginia, etc. ; and while on his 
way attended meetings at Shrewsbury, Squan, Squancum, 
Barnegat, Little Egg Harbor and Stephen's Creek. On 
Saturday he took part in a meeting at Cape May, New 
Jersey, thence rode to Morris river, and attended another 
appointed at the house of Isaac Buzby, a man inclining to 
Friends and their teachings. In the afternoon he visited 
Henry Rulon, where, on the next day, he was present at 



Purchase, thence proceeding to his home. March 4th, an appointed meeting. He then passed on to Greenwich, 



1 78 1, he went to Flushing, crossed the sound to Frog's 
Neck, on (he ensuing day attended an appointed meeting 
at Westchester, and at the expiration of a fortnight arrived 
at Little Nine Partners; thence set forward for Saratoga — 
since called Easlon — and upon arriving at his destination 
attended in succession the four meetings of that place. 
New Britain was next visited, also Shapaqua, Mamaroneck, 
and Westchester again. In the fall of 1781 he was pros- 
tiated with sickness for three months, and when he was 
reduced nearly to the lowest state of bodily weakness a 
jirospect opened on his mind to pay a religious visit to some 
parts of the island where no Friends lived, and among a 
people who were regarded by many as wanting in grace 
and godliness. Accordingly, upon recovering his health, 
he went to Jamaica in August, 1782, and there had a very 
favored meeting with a considerable number of the inhabi- 
tants. He also found a later field of labors at Flatlands, 
Gravesend, New Utrecht and Springfield; and in the fall 
of 17S2 attended the quarterly and other meetings on the 
Main. Late in 1783 he was present with his brethren at 
Nine Partners, Oswego and Perquage; June 13th, 1784, he 
rep.aired to Herricks, thence to Success, Little Plains, 
Jamaica, Fresh Meadows and other places, and spurred 
himself to great exertions to win the native Indians from 
their perilous condition to a true and righteous life. New 



Cohansey Creek, Salem, Woodstown, Penn's Neck, Mullica 
Hill, Upper Greenwich and Woodbury; also Newtown, 
Haddonficid, and many other places in New Jersey, in all 
times and circumstances eminently exalting the truth, and 
holding forth the doctrines of the gospel in the demonstra- 
tion of the spirit. Sundry towns and villages in Delaware, 
Maryland and Virginia were then visited, and their inhabi- 
tants exhorted to lead pure and upright lives, fitting chil- 
dren of grace. In the meetings at Northwest Fork, Marshy 
Cieek, Centre, Greensborough, Tuckahoe Neck and Tuck- 
ahoe, especially, was good seed sown and good fruit 
gathered. Three of the aljove meetings in New Jersey 
were held in meeting-houses belonging to a people under 
the denomination of Nicholites, who were noted for great 
self-denial, particularly in regard to dress and household 
furniture. " They appeared one in principle with us, their 
faith and doctrine being founded on the manifestation and 
influence of the divine light, inwardly revealed. Most of 
them, of late, have requested to be joined in membership 
with Friends, and have been received They ap- 
peared to be a plain, innocent, upright-hearted people; 
and I felt a concern lest they should be hurt by the great 
and prevailing deficiencies manifest amongst us, by many 
turning away from the purity and simplicity of our holy 
self-denying profession." He was afterward for some time 



BIOGRAnilCAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 



3fi3 



zealously employed in pious labors in New Jersey, notalily 
at Upper Kvesham, Hadclonfield, Moorestown, Rancocas, 
Mansfield Neck, Burlington, Mansfield, Bordentown, Stony 
Brook, Plainfield, Railway and Newark. . He was absent 
from home in this journey about five months and two 
weeks, rode over 1, 600 miles of varied country, and at- 
tended about 143 meetings. In 1799 he travelled through 
Connecticut; in I Soo revisited Oblong and Nine Partners, 
also Long Island in certain neglected parts; and again, in 
iSoi, stirred up by his eloquence and ardor the people of 
New Jersey and Pennsylvania. In the fall of 1S03 he 
performed a visit to Friends of Upper Canada, and some 
other of the northwestern parts of the yearly meeting, and 
attended meetings at Adolphustown, Sophiasburg, Hal- 
lowell. West Lake, Kingstown, Earnest and Palmyra; also 
in Pleasant Valley, the Branch, Chestnut Ridge, Poquague 
and New York. Three months were consumed in this 
journey, and in that time he rode about 1,575 miles. In 
the spring of 1S06 he again set out on a proselytizing tour 
through Long Island, Staten Island and New York; and 
on the following December Slh started for Brooklyn, 
where he was present at an appointed meeting, " which 
w-as a soleinn comfortable season ; " thence he passed on to 
Mamaroneck, etc., and attended an appointed meeting at 
Peekskill. Meetings were subsequently had at Troy, Al- 
bany, Otego, Cazenovia and Woodstock ; also in various 
parts of New Jersey, where the good work met with de- 
sirable encouragement, notably at Burlington, Dernyter, 
Bridgewater and Brookfield. February 9th, 1S07, he rode 
to New York, and from there returned to his home and 
fireside, having been absent about two months, attended 
forty-five particular meetings, nine monthly meetings, one 
quarterly meeting and two meetings for sufferings, and 
travelled upwards of 700 miles. October loth of the same 
year he again set out on his errand of righteousness, and 
from that time forward, until iSlo, went about, on foot or 
in the saddle, or wagon, as itinerant missionary, through 
the cities and rural places of New Jersey, New York and 
Pennsylvania, everywhere accomplishing great good and 
leading his kind nito the path of virtue and uprightness. 
The year 1810 he spent mostly at home, except performing 
a visit to some of the neighboring inhabitants, " not in mem- 
bership with us." He was absent in this service a few 
weeks in the spring, and in the summer performed a visit 
to the half year's meeting at Canada, by appointment from 
the yearly meeting. The year 181 1 also was passed at or 
near his home, in attending local and adjacent meetings; 
and the winter and spring of 1S12 were consumed in visit- 
ing the neighboring inhabitants, not of his society, holding 
in all twenty-eight meetings in private houses. Early in 
1813 he once more left his family, and, after holding 
several meetings in different parts of Long Island, travelled 
through the bordering parts of Connecticut, where none 
of his society resided. The concluding months of this 
year were occupied in fulfilling engagements at or about 



his home, and in visits to Friends in the Middle and 
Southern States ; also especially in laboring in New lersey, 
at Newark, Elizabethtown, New lirunswick, Plainfield, 
Rahway, East Branch and the Mount ; and at Rancocas, 
Burlington and Newtown. During the years 1814 and 
1815 he was variously occupied in Long Island, New Jer- 
sey and New York. January 3d, 1816, he set out for New 
England, and upon arriving at Bridgeport, Connecticut, 
"had a small though comfortable meeting;" afterward 
meetings were held successively in Se.abrook, Epping, Lee, 
Dover, Berwick, Portland, Falmouth, Windham, Gorham, 
Durham, Cape Elizabeth, Scarborough, Rochester, etc.; 
also at Newport, Rhode Island, Tiverton, Swansey, Provi- 
dence, etc. In this journey he was from home nearly three 
months, travelled upwards of 1,000 miles, and attended 
fifty-nine particular, three monthly and two quarterly meet- 
ings. Engagements at and about home, and within West- 
bury quarterly meeting, fill the year 1816 and part of 1S17; 
also a visit to some parts of the yearly meetings of Phila- 
delphia and Baltimore. " First day, the 31st, we attended 
Pearl street meeting in the morning, and that at Liberty 
street in the afternoon. On second day afternoon we pro- 
ceeded on our journey to Newark, New Jersey, .... 
where we attended a meeting at the fourth hour. ... I had 
had several meetings there before; but this was larger than 
usual for the place. There is no member of our society 
residing in the town, the inhabitants being principally of 
the Presbyterian order. The next day we attended a meet- 
ing appointed for us in Elizabethtown, New Jersey," and 
later one at Plainfield, one at Rahway and one at Mend- 
ham. He afterward journeyed through Pennsylvania, 
Rhode Islanil, Maryland and Delaware, where his presence 
and example proved of beneficent and enduring value to 
all that were brought within the radius of his influence. 
The major portion of the year 1S18 was devoted to spiritual 
and temporal affairs in the vicinity of his farm in Long 
Island, within the limits of Westbury quarterly meeting, 
and in a visit to some parts of the yearly meeting of New 
York. He then continued at or about home until the 
opening of 1819, attending the meetings as they came in 
course. About this time, at the meeting at Westbury, he 
was led to open to Friends " the three principal requisites 
to the being and well-being of a Christian : The first being 
a real belief in Cod and Christ as one inidhnded essence, 
known and believed in, inwardly and spiriiually. The 
second a complete passive obedience and submission to the 
divine will and power inwardly and spiritually manifested. 
.... The third, it is necessary to meet and assemble often 
together for the promotion of love and good works, and as 
good stewards of the manifold grace of God." In January, 
l8ig, he proceeded to New York, and thence to West 
Farms, Mamaroneck, White Plains, Purchase, etc.: also to 
Poughkeepsie, Hudson, Claverack, Kline Kiln, Troy, Pitls- 
town, etc., and to Tappan on the way home : on this iour- 
ney he was absent fourteen weeks, attended seventy-three 



36+ 



BIOGRAPHICAL EXCYCLOP.EDIA. 



meetings, and three quarterly and four monthly meetings, 
and travelled 1,084 miles. From this time to 1823 his life 
and career is summed up succinctly thus: "Journey to 
Ohio, in 1S19. Visit to the neighboring inhabitants in the 
same year. Visit to Farniing'.on and Duanesburg quarterly 
meetings, in 1820. Visit to some parts of Pennsylvania, 
rnd to Baltimore, in 1S22. Visit to some of the lower 
quarterly meetings, in 1S23." Then comes this significant 
entry in his -'Journal : " " .... It was a time of deep 
exercise to me, being led in the line of searching labor, 
pointing to a reform in manners and conduct ; and showing 
the fallacy of all ceremonial religion in the observation of 
days, and complying with outward ordinances; v hich do 
not in the least tend to m.ake the comers thereunto a whit 
the better, as it respects the conscience, but lead the ob- 
servers thereof into a form, without the power." Then 
ensued: "Visit to Baltimore to attend the yearly meeting, 
in 1S24. Visit to the inhabitants of the eastern ])art of Long 
Island, in 1825. Visit to Scipio quarterly meeting, in 1S25. 
Visit to Southern and Concord quarterly meetings, in Penn- 
sylvania, in 1826. Visit to the families of Friends in Jericho 
and Westbury monthly meetings, in 1827. Visit to Friends 
in some parts of New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Ohio, in 
1S28. On this journey, in New Jersey, at New Garden, 
Friends had a tiying time, as those called Orthodox, al- 
though they were but a small part of the meeting, had 
undertaken to disown a number of Friends; but Friends 
did not acknowledge their authority, nor consider their dis- 
ownments of any effect, and they all came together as usual 
in the quarterly meeting. The Orthodox strove hard to get 
Friends to withdraw, but they refused, and proceeded with 
the business of the meeting, which those called Orthodox 
i.itenupted for a time; but finding that Friends would not 
give way, they finally left the meeting and retired to a 
school-house, and Friends had a comfortable season to- 
gether, and conducted their business in much harmony and 
condescension, and were evidently owned by the Head of 
the Church." Subsequently: " Continuation of his visit to 
Friends in some parts of New Jereey, Ohio, Indiana, Mary- 
lind and Pennsylvania, in 1S2S. Decease of his wife in 
1329. Visit to Friends in the yearly meeting of New York, 
in 1S29. Letter to Hugh Judge, in 1830." — "In the 
tuenty-second year of my age, apprehending it right to 
change my situation from a single to a married slate, and 
having gained an intimate acquaintance with Jemima 
.Seaman, daughter of Jonathan and Elizabeth Seaman, of 
Jericho, and my affection being drawn toward her in that 
relation, I communicated my views to her, and received 
from her a corresponding expression of 'affection ; and we, 
after some time, accomplished our marriage at a solemn 
meeting of Friends, at Westbury, on the 2d of First Month, 
1 77 1." His mental powers continued strong and vigorous 
to the end of his labors, and during the last two yeai-s of 
his life he travelled extensively in the work of the ministry. 
" On First day morning, 14th of Seeond Month, 1830, he 



was engaged in his room, writing to a Friend, until a little 
after ten o'clock, when he returned to that occupied by ihe 
family, apparently just attacked by a paralytic aficction, 
which nearly deprived him of the use of his right side and 
of the power of speech. Being assisted to a chair near the 
fire, he manifested by signs th.at the letter which he had 
just finished should be taken care of" He then signed to 
all to sit down and be still, seemingly sensible that his 
labors were brought to a close, and only desirous of quietly 
wailing the final change. His theological writings were 
princip.ally in an epistolary form ; " Elias Hicks : Journal 
of his Life and Labors," was published in Philadelphia, 
Pennsylvania, in 1828; and in the same year also a volume 
entitled " Sermons." 



/ 



AVLOR, GEORGE W., Brigadier-General, was 
the third son of Archibald .S. Taylor, and was 
born, November 22d, 1S08, at Fairview — the 
family seat — -Hunterdon county. New Jersey. 
When fifteen years old he entered the celebrated 
military school of Colonel Allen Partridge, an 
institution that had very much the reputation then that 
West Point has now, and three years Liter graduated with 
credit. He entered the navy as a midshipmaii, November 
1st, 1827, and made a cruise of three years up the Mediter- 
ranean in the sloop-of-war "Fairfield," Captain Foxal A. 
Parker. Returning to the United States, he tendered his 
resignation, which was accepted, December 19th, 1831, and 
engaged in mercantile pursuits. Love of adventure was 
with him, however, an engrained instinct, and when war 
was declared against Mexico he offered his services to the 
government, notwithstanding the fact that his political 
opinions caused him to condemn the war on the double 
ground of right and policy. He was commissioned First 
Lieutenant of the loth Regiment United Stales Infantry, 
and while in Mexico, serving with the army of General Z. 
Taylor, he was promoted to and commissioned Captain. 
After the surrender of the city of Mexico he returned to his 
home, but only for a short period. In February, 1849, he 
sailed for California as President of the New Jersey Tradijig 
&: Mining Company, and for three years remained upon the 
Pacific coast. Returning in 1852 he took a prominent part 
in politics, being a Whig of the straitest sect, and in 1858 
was strongly urged (or the Congressional nomination. Im- 
mediately upon the call for troops, in May, 1S61, he vigor- 
ously bestirred himself in raising companies in Hunterdon 
county; and having been in this matter highly successful, 
he himself started — with a patriotic heroism singularly pic- 
turesque as relieved against the prosaic formalism of this 
nineteenth century- — alone to offer himself, mounted and 
equipped, as a volunteer upon the staff of some general al- 
ready at point with the enemy. Governor Olden, however, 
spoiled this gallant romance by calling the errant soldier 



EIOGRArillCAL E^XyCLOP.EDIA. 



to a halt, and commissioning liim Colonel of the ^d New 
Jersey Regiment, then in course of organization at Trenton. 
He accepted the commission, rapidly reduced the raw mass 
placed nnder his orders to a seemly military body, and on 
the Sth of June marched with his command to Washington. 
Consolidated with the three other New Jersey regiments 
raised at the same time, his force became a part of that 
hard-fighting organization, the First New Jersey Brigade — 
the brigade that, at the very outset of its career, helped to 
check the fleeing troops and refurm the shattered divisions 
after the first battle of Bull Run. He was the first to dis- 
cover the retreat of the Confederates from Manasses, and 
with the 3d New Jersey was the first to occupy this strong- 
hold. In the early summer of 1S62, the brave Kearny 
having been promoted to be an officer of division. Colonel 
Taylor, as senior officer, assumed the command of the 
brigade ; and on the loth of June in that year he was com- 
missioned Brigadier-General. Seventeen days later the 
brigade was engaged in the desper.ate fight of Gaines's 
Mill, occupying the ceptre of the line of battle, and holding 
its ground for at least an hour after both flanks had been 
driven back by the enemy. The action, although ending 
in defeat, was one of the most honorable of the war, the 
cool heroism of the New Jersey troops — shown in contend- 
ing single-handed against an entire army — being in every 
way worthy of veteran soldiers, and cjuite unprecedented 
when it is remembered that but a little time before they had 
been utterly untrained to the ways of war. Without sup- 
port, and unable even to procure order's, the brigade fought 
on alone, and three times charged and broke the enemy's 
lines. The battle lasted until nightfall, and only when 
further resistance became hopeless did General Taylor draw 
off his men, leaving more than 1,000 dead or wounded upon 
the field. Nearly as many more were taken prisoners, 500 
men of the 4th Regiment, refusing to retreat, being sur- 
rounded and captured in a body. The next day the brigade 
fell back to Harrison's Landing, remaining in that vicinity 
until McClellan effected his change of base in the following 
August. On the 24th of that month it took up position at 
Cloud's Mills, and three days later it was sent forward by 
rail to Bull Run bridge, and thence advanced for the pur- 
pose of dispersing a rebel force, reported to be small, con- 
centrated near Manasses Junction. Instead of a few regi- 
ments, General Taylor found himself confronted with the 
whole of "Stonewall" Jackson's command. The action 
that followed lasted for more than an hour, during the 
whole of which time the brigade was exposed to a steady 
fire from in front, and to a raking cross fire from batteries 
masked until the engagement began. Compelled to retreat, 
the troops fell back in good order until they reached the 
bridge, where the reserves — the nth and 12th Ohio Regi- 
ments — were stationed, and here another stand was made. 
But Jackson's forces still pressed forward ; the brigade was 
without artillery, without cavalry, the men were exhausted 
by forced marches and by the excessive heat; finally. Gen- 



eral Taylor was himself severely wounded in the k-g. A 
retreat was ordered. The command retired to Cloud's 
Mills, and the general, leaving his brigade for the first and 
last time, continued on to Alexandria. At the hospital 
there his leg was amputated ; but he was broken down by 
all that he had passed through, his constitution was shat- 
tered by malaria contracted during the peninsular cam- 
paign ; and although the operation was successfully per- 
formed, it sapped the last remnant of his vital force. On 
September 1st he died, an<l in his grave lies buried as brave 
a soldier as ever drew a sword. 



EWTON, HON. ISAAC, First Commissioner of 
Agriculture, late of Washington, District of Co- 
lumbia, was born in Burlington county. New Jer- 
sey, in iSoo, and passed his early years on a 
farm, attending school during a few months of 
the winter seasons. After his marriage he settled 
on a farm in Delawai'e county, Pennsylvania, which, under 
his ceaseless care, became celebrated for its neatness, order 
and productiveness; and he eventually took place in the 
front rank of the model farmers of the Slate. At an early 
period he became an influential and valued member of the 
State Agricultural Society, and was among those who urged 
upon Congress the importance of establishing an agricul- 
tural bureau. On the election of Abraham Lincoln the 
measure he had so ardently and wisely advocated was 
finally adopted, and he received an appointment to preside 
over the new de;iartment as its Commissioner. The act of 
Congress was approved May 15th, 1S62. He possessed an 
extensive and practical acquaintance with agricultural mat- 
ters and methods, and the various systems of farming ; and 
was eminently qualified for the position which he was called 
upon to fill. He died at Washington City, June 19th. 1S67. 



m 



■J 



OSTER, REV. DANIEL REQUA, eighth Pastor 
of the Hopewell Presbyterian Church, of Pen- 
nington, New Jersey, was born, September 22d, 
183S, at Patterson, Putnam county. New Voik.and 
is the son of Edmund Foster and Ann Eliza Foster. 
In January, 1849, he was received into the full 
communion of the church. He was prepared for college 
at the Peekskill Academy; in 1863 he took the degree of 
A. B. at the College of New Jersey; and in 1S66 that of 
A. M. In the latter year also he graduated at the Princeton 
Theological Seminary; April 24th, 1S66, was licensed as a 
probationer for the gospel ministry, by the Presbytery of Con- 
necticut, at Bridgeport, and entered upon the performance of 
his duties as pastor-elect in the Presbyterian church of Phelps, 
New York, June 1st, 1S66. He was ordained to the work 



366 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 



of the gospel ministry, and installed pastor of the church at 
Phelp5, on the following July 29th, by the Presbytery of 
Rochester city. In October, 1869, his pastoral connection 
with the church at Phelps was dissolved. He then entered 
on his ministerial duties at the Pennington Church on the 
first Sabbath of October, 1S70. Having received a cordial 
and unanimous call from the people, he was installed pastor, 
April 17th, 1S71, by a committee of the Presbytery of New- 
Brunswick. Januaiy 25th, 1S74, the church was destroyed 
by fire, shortly after the dismissal of the congregation, and 
a new church opened, January 14th, 1S75. In the opening 
of the ensuing year a gracious revival cleansed and purified 
the spiritual atmosphere of his pastorate, and by February 
20th, 1876, between forty and fifty persons joined the church. 
As a result of his labors, one hundred and eighty-one per- 
sons of both sexes have been added to the roll of communi- 
cants on profession, besides twenty-six by certificate. 



rcILVAINE, RT. REV. CHARLES PETTIT, 
D. D., LL. D., D. C. L., Bishop of Ohio, was 
bora in Burlington, New Jersey, January iSth, 
1799, his father being Hon. Joseph Mcllvaine, at 
one time a Representative of the State m the 
United States Senate. His mother's parents, 
Bowes Reed and Mrs. Reed, were residents of the same 
place. Bowes Reed was brother of Joseph Reed, of Phila- 
delphia, confidential secretary of General Washington. 
Joseph Mcllvaine, grandfather of the bishop, served through 
the war of the Revolution, and attained the rank of Colonel 
in the patriot army ; he resided at Bristol, where his remains 
now repose. The bishop lived in Burlington until his ordi- 
nation as deacon, and the graves of four generations of his 
family — from the parents of his mother down to the daugh- 
ter of his sister, Mrs. Commodore Engle — are in the church- 
yard of St. Mary's in that town, as are also those of his 
wife's parents and many of her relatives. He was baptized 
in the old church in his fifteenth year, by Dr. Wharton. 
The baptism was delayed thus long through his mother en- 
tertaining conscientious scruples about presenting her chil- 
dren for baptism while not a communicant herself. He re- 
ceived his education, preparatory to college, in the Burling- 
ton Academy, an incorporated institution ; the building 
stood on the ground now occupied by the new edifice of St. 
Mary's Church, which it was taken down to make room for. 
Rev. Christian Hanckel, D. D., afterwards of Charleston, 
South Carolina, was one of his tutors, succeeding his 
brother John as master of the school. From this institution 
he passed to Princeton College, from which he was gradu- 
ated in 1816. Thereupon he became a candidate for orders, 
but being too young to be ordained, he remained — except 
for a period of about eighteen months passed in the Theo 
logical Seminary of Princeton — in Burlington, reading 
under Dr. Wharton. During this period he organized the 



Sunday-school of St. Slnry's Church, one of the first 
Sunday-schools organized in the United States. He him- 
self, in a letter to Rev. Dr. Hills, now rector of St. Slary's 
Church, gives the history of this organization as follows: 
While 1 was in college in Princeton, one of my class- 
mates, John Newbold, of Philadelphia (who in graduating 
became a candidate for orders, but died before he could lie 
ordained), on returning to college from a vacation, brought 
to us students an account of a Sunday-school he had at- 
tended in Philadelphia. It was in the very beginning of 
Sunday-schools in this country. He brought specimens of 
the blue and red tickets used. A number of students in 
the college formed a Sunday-school Society, and raised a 
fund of about four hundred dollars, of which I (then in my 
seventeenth year) was made treasurer. We set up four 
schools in and about Princeton. I and John Newbold, and 
(I think) the present Dr. Hodge, of Princeton, and the 
present Bishop Johns (a classmate of Dr. Hodge, and both 
a year before me), were teachers in different schools. My 
first extempore address was then made to the school I was 
tletailed to, in a barn of what was called Jug Town, a 
suburb of Princeton. Going home in lSl6, the project of 
the Burlington school originated. Such a thing had never 
been heard of in Burlington. I first obtained Dr. Whar- 
ton's approbation, and then began to talk it up. Mr. 

Aikman, the clerk of the church, co-operated The 

organization look place, and the school was always held in 
the academy as long, I believe, as Dr. Wharton continued 
rector, and how much longer I do not know. The organi- 
zation took place in the spring of 1816. Consider that I was 
then only seventeen years of age, and therefore almost all 
concerned, except as pupils, must have been older. And as 
I am now in my seventy-fourth year, it is not likely that 
anybody lives who was actively concerned in those things 
then. I was not aware that my name has been taken by 
one of the classes, but am much pleased to know it now." 
He was the first Superintendent of the school, and held that 
position for one year, between his graduating and returning 
to Princeton to enter the Theological Seminary. Mr. Aik- 
man was his successor. While a candidate for orders the 
bishop officiated as lay-reader at Bristol, during a vacancy 
in that parish. He was ordained a Deacon by Bishop 
White, July 4th, 1820, and then went to his first parish, 
Christ Church, Georgetown, District of Columbia. After 
officiating there for about two years he received Priest's 
orders from the hands of Bishop Kemp, of Maryland. He 
remained in this charge until 1825, officiating during part 
of the time as ChapLiin of the Senate. In the last-men- 
tioned year he was appointed, through the friendly offices 
of John C. Calhoun, Professor of Ethics and Chaplain in 
the United States Military Academy, West Point. This 
position he relinquished to become Rector of St. Anne's 
Church, Brooklyn, New York. In 183 1 he was appointed 
Professor of the Evidences of Revealed Religion and Sacred 
Antiquities in the I'niversity of the City of New York. On 




^^^^.y^ 



BIOGRAPHICAL EXCVCLOP.KDIA. 



367 



October 31st, 1S32, lie was consecrated Bishop of the 
I'lotestant Episcopal Diocese of Oliio. He coiuiiuied in 
the active discharge of his episcopal duties until the conse- 
cration, ill 1S59, of the Rev. S. T. Bedell, D. D., as 
assistant bishop ; but subsequent to that date he was fre- 
quently incapacitated for active work by failing health. 
His career as Bishop of Ohio, without being especially 
eventful, was characterized by untiring energy and the most 
gratifying results. For many years he resided at Gambier, 
in the midst of the educational institutions under his epis- 
copal supervision, acting directly as President of Kenyon 
College from the comniencemenl of his episcopate to 1S40. 
lie was perhaps best known to the world as an author. 
During his incumbency of the professorship in the Univer- 
sity of the City of New York, he delivered, in 1831, a 
course of lectures on the " Evidences of Christianity." At 
the request of the University Council these lectures were 
published in a collected form in 1832, and have had an im- 
mense circulation, being reprinted in London and Edin- 
burgh, wtiile several different editions have been published 
in tliis country. In 1841 he published a work entitled, 
"O.xford Divinity Compared with that of the Roman and 
Anglican Churches, with a Special View of the Doctrine 
of Justification by Faith." Although this work has now 
dropped out of sight, it attracted universal attention at the 
time of Us publication, when the celebrated tractarian con- 
troversy was at its height. The Eilinlnii;;k Review char- 
acterized the work as one of the best " confut.ations of the 
tenets of the O.xford school," of which Dr. Pusey w.as the 
head. This work, and the other labors of his life, rendered 
the bishop the recognized champion of evangelical principles 
in the Protestant Episcopal Church. Among his other more 
inipoitant works were : "The Sinner's Justification before 
\ Gad," 1S51; "The Holy Catholic Church," 1844; "The 
Truth and the Life," 1854. Numerous volumes of sermons 
were given by him to the world, and he also contributed 
many valuable articles to the leading religious periodicals 
of the day. The bishop was a man of large and liberal 
views. During his incumbency of the rectorship of St. 
Anne's Church, Brooklyn, he became involved in a contro- 
versy with the bishop of the diocese, who endeavored to 
repress a clerical prayer-meeting, and to prevent his clergy 
from identifying themselves with " mixed institutions," 
like the American Bible and Tract Societies, in which he 
took a decided stand on the liberal side, and for many years 
he acted as President of the American Tract Society. His 
influence was not restricted to the circle of his church, but 
was widespread. At the opening of the rebellion he was, 
because of his high standing, selected by President Lincoln 
and Secretary Seward to visit Europe on a confidential 
hiission, and contributed largely towards counteracting the 
intrigues of the Confederate emissaries in Great Britain. 
The late Archbishop Hughes and Thurlow Weed, it will be 
remembered, also visited Europe about the same time, and 
on a similar mission, at the request of the administration. 






A high recognition of Bishop Mcllvaine's influenti.il stand- 
ing was his reception of the degree of Doctor of Civil Law 
from the University of Oxford in 1S53, and that of Doctor 
of Laws from the University of Cambridge five years later. 
As a pulpit orator he had few equals. With a commanding 
presence, a clear, penetrating, trumpet-like voice, an ex- 
traordinary power of accurate extemporaneous exjiression, 
and a profound insight, he possessed rare qu.alificatic)ns for 
eflectiveness on the platform and in the pulpit, lie died in 
Florence, Italy, on March I3lh, 1873. 



AYTON, JONATHAN, a Distinguished Civilian 
of New Jersey, late of Elizabeth, was born, Oc- 
tober i6lh, 1760, at Elizabelhtown. He gradu- 
ated at the College of New Jersey in 1776, and in 
February of the same year entered the Continen- 
tal army as Paymaster of the 3d New Jersey 
Battalion, commanded by his father. He subsequently 
served a time on the staff of General Maxwell, commanding 
the New Jersey Brigade, and on the 1st of May, 1779, w.ns 
commissioned as Major and Aide-de-Camp on the st.'Jf of 
Major-General Sullivan, accompanying the latter officer in 
his ex]iedition of that year against the western Indians. In 
1780 he rejoined the Jersey Brigade, being commissioned, 
March 30th, as Captain in the 3d Regiment. While on 
duly at Elizabeth, November 4th, 17S0, he w.as t.iken 
prisoner by the British, together with his uncle, Gencr il 
Matthias Ogden. After his exchange he served with the 
1st New Jersey Regiment, which, with the remainder of the 
brigade, landed near Williamsburgh, Virginia, on Septem- 
ber 2ist, 1781, and engaged in the siege of Yoiktown. 
He was soon detached for duly in a command under 
General Lafayette, whom he aided in storming one of the 
British redoubts, and was present at the surrender of Lord 
Cornwallis, October 19th, 1781. In the winter of 17S1-S2 
he was siatione 1 in East Jersey, and especially distinguished 
himself in a skirmish December 5th, which resulted in the 
retirement of a force from Staten Island which attacked 
Elizabeth. He served to the end of the war with undinimed 
credit, and became an original member of the Society of 
the Cincinnati. In 1787 he was appointed one of the dele- 
gates from New Jersey to the convention at Philadelphia for 
the purpose of framing the Federal constitution. He look 
part in the deliberations, and on the 17th of September, 
1787, afiixed his name to that noble charter, being one of 
the youngest, if not the youngest, of the signers. After the 
Revolution he had been repeatedly elected to the Legis- 
lature of New Jersey, and in 1790 was elected Speaker of 
the House. In 1791 he was chosen as a Representative in 
Congress, and was repeatedly re-elected until he had served 
for eight successive years. He was active in legislation, 
and became one of the most prominent leaders of the 
Federalist party. In 1795 he was elected Speaker of the 



353 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 



House of Representatives, and in 1797 re-elected by a vote 
of seventy eight to two. Wlien a war with France was 
looked upon as probable, in 179S, he was commissioned by 
President Adams as a Brigadier-General of the regular 
army. The happy settlement of that difficulty brought his 
military services to a close. He was soon alter elected to 
the Senate of the United States, and served with distin- 
guished reputation from 1799 to 1805. An intimacy in 
boyhood, and his later association with him in the Senate 
of the United States, led him to be a devoted friend and 
admirer of Aaron Burr. So strong was their regard that, 
in iSoj, he undertook a duel in his behalf, sending a chal- 
lenge to De Witt Clinton, afterwards governor of New York, 
but the matter was arranged without a meeting. This long- 
standing, personal friendship led him to look with more 
trust upon that aspiring politician than prudence would 
have dictated, and he paid the penalty when moneys, ad- 
vanced in matters of joint interest, were used by Burr to 
further his own questionable projects. When Burr was 
tried for his misdemeanors, nothing was found which justi- 
fied proceedings against Mr. Dayton, but, notwithstanding, 
the comjilicated condition of things seriously compromised 
his reputation among those who could be afforded no oppor- 
tunity to know the facts. This unhappy affiir, and the ac- 
cession of Mr. Jefferson to the Presidential chair, leading to 
the breaking up of the Federal party, caused his retirement 
from leadership in the national parlies. But in his own 
State, honored for his faithful service and beloved for his 
known worth, he was continued in office and chosen to 
serve several terms in the Senate. His latter days were 
passed at home in the enjoyment of a comfortable compe- 
tence, interesting himself in the welfare of the schools, the 
establishment of a public library, and other benefits to his 
native town. In connection with John Cleves Symmes and 
olhers, he held large tracts of land in Ohio, and the city of 
Dayton was so named in compliment to his family. When 
General Lafayette visil,ed America in 1S24, Mr. Dayton re- 
cifived him as a guest at Elizabeth, and altended him in his 
tour through the .State. This pleasing event proved to be 
his last appearance in public, as he died at Elizabeth on the 
9'h of October in the same year. He was a man of stately 
presence and appearance, and kept up his formal dignity of 
manner to the close of his life. He was known as " The 
last of the cocked hats." 



1 RIGHT, HON. WILLIAM, l.ate of Newark, New 
Jersey, son of Dr. William Wright, a prominent 
]ihysician and citizen of Rockland county. New 
York, and descended from early settlers of Con- 
necticut, was born in Rockland county, New 
York, in 1791. He was at school in Poughkeep- 
ring for college, when the death of his father de- 



prived hmi of means of support and compelled him to 
abandon his intended collegiate course. Learning the 
trade of harness-making, he not only supported himself 
during the term of his apprenticeship, but succeeded in 
saving from his scant wages three hundred dollars, a fund 
that he ajjplied, upon attaining his m.njority, to hiring and 
stocking a small shojj in Bridgeport. Mere, while working 
with the energy and industiy that characterized his entire 
career in business and in public life, he continued his inter- 
rupted studies ; but the ground that he had lost could never 
be entirely regained, and his education was derived less 
from books than from men and affairs. Entering into 
a partnei-ship with his father-in-law, the late William Peet, 
and Sheldon Smith, he founded a firm for the manufacture 
of harness and saddles, establishing at the same time a 
branch house in Charleston, South Carolina. In 1S21 the 
northern manufactory was transferred to Newark, New Jer- 
sey — then coming into prominence as a manufacturing town 
— and during the ensuing thirty-three years his business 
steadily increased, until it became one of the most important 
of its kind in the country. In 1854, having, by untiring 
energy and well-directed commercial talent, amassed a 
large fortune, he retired from active business life. He took 
no part in public affairs — unless his services as a volunteer 
for the defence of Stonington, in the war of 1812, can be 
held to come under this head — until 1840, when he was 
elected, without opposition, Mayor of Newark. At that 
time he was a pronounced member of the Whig parly, and 
was an earnest supporter of Henry Clay. In 1842 he was 
elected a member of the House of Representatives as an 
independent candidate, defeating the regular Whig and 
Democratic nominees; and in 1844 he was reelected from 
the same district. In 1S51 he abandoned the Whig and 
entered the Democratic party, and in 1853, as Democralic 
candidate, was elected a member of the United States 
Senate for a full term, succeeding the Hon. J. W. Miller. 
Ajipointed Chairman of the Senate Committee on Manufac- 
tures, his extensive practical knowledge and sound common 
sense gave weight and point to his utterances ; and while 
he was never prominent in debate, his counsels in commit- 
tee were always listened to with attention, and were very 
generally followed. On the Committee to Audit and Con- 
trol the Expenses of the Senate, his services, while less emi- 
nent in degree, were no less eminent in kind. Upon the 
expiration of his term, in 1859, he was succeeded by the 
Hon. John C. Ten Eyck ; but in 1S63 he was again put in 
nomination by the Democratic party, and was again elected. 
During that portion of his second term which he was 
enabled to sen-e, he displayed the same qualities that had 
made him so useful when first in oflice, but at the end of two 
years failing health disabled him from close attention to his 
senatorial duties, and for the last twelve months of his life 
his attendance upon the sessions of Congress was necessa- 
rily irregul.ir. He died at his home in Newark, November 
1st, 1866. 



BIOGRAr,;iCAL EXCYCLOP/EDIA. 



369 



AAR, DAVID, CN-Jiulge, Trenlon, New Jersey, 
WMS born in St. Thomas, Danish West Indies, 
November loth, iSoo. Ho is an Israelite, and 
a direct descendant of one of the families of Spain 
and Portugal that suffered religious persecution. 
His progenitor was a resident of Spain in the 
reign of Ferdinand and Isabella, who to avoid that perse- 
cution left the country with the first expedition to South 
America after the discovery of this country by Christopher 
Columl)us. His destination was Rio de la Hacha, South 
America, but being wrecked on the island of Cura(;oa, he 
remainetl there and was succeedeil by twelve generations. 
When fifteen years old David Naar was sent to America 
to receive his education, returning upon graduation to St. 
Thomas and entering a large exporting and importing house 
as an apprentice. Here he was thoroughly drilled in com- 
mercial affairs, and after mastering the varied branches of 
business, founded an establishment of his own, which he 
conducted successfully for a number of years. During his 
residence in St. Thomas he held various important offices 
under the Danish government, the most onerous, and at the 
same time the most honor.aI)le, of these being that of com- 
mandant of one of the militia forces of the island, a position 
that placed upon him responsibdilies and entailed upon him 
duties of a very grave character. In all of his trusts his duties 
were discharged in the most exemplary and satisfactory man- 
ner. In 1S34. he removed the seat of his business from St. 
Thomas to New York, and four years later, 183S, withdrew 
altogether from mercantile pursuits. In the latter year he pur- 
chased a farm near Elizabeth, New Jersey ; removed thither 
and settled down to agriculture. But the quiet life of a farmer 
was by no means suited to his active temperament, and while 
retaining a general supervision of the work done on his 
domain, he gave the greater portion of his time to political 
affairs. Uniting with the Democratic party, he earnestly 
and with ardor devoted himself to promulgating and advo- 
cating its principles. Naturally a ready and popular .speaker, 
possessing a remarkable talent for foreseeing the ultimate as 
well as the immediate effects of public measures, and being, 
moreover, a genial, affable man of the world, he rapidly 
rose in the favor of his party, and almost from the beginning 
of his public life he w.as a leader. In 1843 he assumed his 
first (in America) official position, being in th.at year ap- 
pomted Mayor of the borough of Elizabeth by the New 
Jersey Legislature. This was previous to the incorporation 
of Elizabeth as a city, and while it still fonned a part of 
Essex county. In 1843 also he w.as appointed one of the 
Lay Judges of the Court of Common Pleas of Essex county, 
an office that he held for a number of years, and the delicate 
duties of which he very satisfactorily discharged. In 1844 
he was elected a Delegate from Essex county to the State 
Constitutional Convention, and as such exercised an im- 
portant influence upon the remodelling of the ori»nnic law 
of the commonwealth, his sound common sense and prac- 
tical legal knowledge enabling him to perceive wherein re- 
47 



form was needed, and to put his suggestions into working 
form. During the hully-contestcd camp.iigu that terminated 
in the election of President Polk he was a prominent par- 
tisan of the successful candidate, his services being re- 
warded, and the interest of the country .at the same lime 
well served, by his appointment tu be ('.>niniercial .'\"tnt 
of the United States at St. Thomas. In this jiosiiion he re- 
mained during the term of President Polk's administration, 
and upon being relieved by liis successor, President Taylor's 
appointee, returned to his home in Elizabeth, where he was 
shortly elected Recorder of the borough, and a member of the 
Borough Council. In 1851-52 he again took part in State 
politics, being Clerk of the General Assembly of New Jersey 
for two successive sessions. During his public life up to 
this point, while frequently writing political leaders for one 
or other of the principal journals attached to the interests of 
the Democratic party, he had not established himself in any 
newspaper connection. In 1S53 he determined upon enter- 
ing the profession of journalism, and to this end bought The 
'J rue American, a publication established on a sure finan- 
cial basis, and being generally regarded as the governing 
I factor in the Democratic party in that portion of the State. 
His extended personal acquaintance among the leading men 
^ not only in his own but in the opposite parly, his thorough 
j knowledge and understanding of the political history of 
New Jersey, and of that of the country at large, and his rare 
faculty, already alluded to, of perceiving the probable future 
of the political measures of the present, all united to fit him 
1 m an eminent degree for the discharge of the editorial func- 
t tion, and during his incumbency The True American was 
unquestionably the leading Democratic journal of New 
I Jersey. For seventeen years he remained in the editorial 
I harness, and during this long period his paper was ste.ad- 
1 fastly firm to its political faith ; upholding with brilliant vigor 
I the party measures ; supporting with earnest warmth the 
party men, and hitting all the while keen blows among the 
] party's enemies. In 1870 when he resigned his editorship, 
t he had well earned the title of "the Democratic War-horse," 
for in his long editorial career he lia<l made himself known 
I and felt by every public man in the State, and few there 
were but had been wisely guided by his counsels, or had 
: come under the stinging la-h of his criticism. Five years 
I before his retirement from journalism he was appointed by 
the joint vote of the Senate and General .•\ssembly of New 
Jersey State Treasurer, and during the years 1865-66 
i that he was in office his influence was of an excellently 
reformatory character. At the close of the year the Repub- 
licans came into power and he was displaced. The .system of 
bookkeeping and general accounting that he introduced into 
the Treasury Department is still retained by his successors, 
and is greatly superior to any system pre\iously devised. 
After his retirement from this office, in 186S, he was ap- 
pointed by ex-Governors Vroom and Olden, the then com- 
missioners of the Stale Sinking Fund, Secretary to that com. 
I mission, an office that he still (1S77) continues to fill in tbe 



37° 



BIOGRAPHICAL F.N'CVCLOP.EDIA. 



most satisfactory manner. For several years he has resided 
in Trenton, and since his removal to that city has been for two 
terms a member of tlie Common Council, and also has served 
as a member of the School Boaril, evincing while holding 
the latter trust, as, indeed, he has done since its inception, 
a warm regard for and earnest determination to aid the pres- 
ent admirable school system of New Jersey. He has now 
been in public life in America fornearly forty years; has ably 
filled many important public offices ; has been largely instru- 
mental in the formulation and adoption of many important 
public measures, and has won the confidence and esteem 
of a vast number of the leading public men. Throughout 
his long and useful life he has been unswervingly true to his 
party and to his friends, and to both he has given far more 
than he has received. For a long series of years he has 
been an active member of the society of F. and A. Masons, 
and is now about the oldest, if not the oldest, member of 
the 33d degree of the ancient .Scottish rite. He was mar- 
ried in February, 1S20, to Sarah D'Azevedo, by whom he 
has had several children, of whom five are now surviving. 
His wife still lives, and after fifty-seven years of connubial 
ha;)piness they are surrounded by numbers of grandchildren 
and great-ijrandchildren. 



HITMAN, WALT, Poet, was born at West Hills, 
New York, in 1819, and in early life assisted his 
father in farming and agricultural pursuits, on 
Long Island. His parents were respectively of 
English and Dutch descent, and he part.akes of the 
blood and nature of the two races that set in pro- 
gress the settlement and civilization of New York. In his 
youth he had listened to the preaching of the famous Quaker 
iconoclast, Elias Hicks, of whom his parents were followers, 
and through his valuable teachings he probably secured 
many of the more important elements in his education and 
mental characteristics. After leaving his father's farm he 
taught school for a short time, then became a printer, and 
subsequently a carpenter. When his first volume appeared 
he was engaged in the erection of frame dwellings in 
Brooklyn, and it was set in type entirely by his own hand. 
He was originally a supporter and partisan of the Demo- 
cratic party, but when the fugitive slave law was passed, dis- 
covered that his ideas and convictions and those of his co- 
workers in politics were far from harmonizing, and he then 
openly declared his sentiments and principles in a poem 
called " Blood Money," one not found in his works, but 
which was the first he ever wrote. " He confessed to 
having no talent for industry, and that his forte was loafing 
and writing poems. He was poor, but had discovered that, 
on the whole, he could live magnificently on bread and 
water. He had travelled through the country as far as New 
Orleans, where he once edited a paper. And in his book 
Will be found all that is himself — his life, works and days ; 



he has kept nothing back whatever." He continued writ- 
ing poems, that appeared from time to time in enlarged 
editions of " Leaves of Grass," which in I S60 reached its 
ih edition, until the outbreak of the rebellion, when he 
repaired to Washington and devoted himself to nursing and 
conversing with the wounded soldiers who were in the hos- 
pitals. His labors among them, for which he never asked 
nor received any compensation whatever, were unremitting, 
"and he so won the poor fellows from all thought of their 
sorrows by his readings and conversation that his entrance 
was the signal in any room for manifestations of the utmost 
delight. He certainly has a rare power of attaching people 
to him." During the years thus occupied it has been com- 
puted that in the hospital and on the field he ministered to 
upward of 100,000 sick and wounded men, giving them 
personal aid and attention, and retreating from no peril, 
whether of disease or battle. At the close of- the war he 
was appointed to a clerkship in tlie Department of the In- 
terior, and in the intervals of official work wrote a new vol- 
ume of poems, entitled " Drum Taps." A critic, speaking 
of the work, says: "This volume is entirely free from the 
peculiar deductions to which the other is liable, and .shows 
that the author has lost no fibre of his force. There is in 
it a very touching dirge for Abraham Lincoln, who was his 
warm fri' nd and admirer." In 1865, or lS(J6, the late 
Secretary of the Interior, Mr. Harlan, had pointed out to 
him, " probably by some one who desired Whitman's cleik- 
ship," various passages of the " Leaves of Grass," and for 
this cause removed him from his office. " The indignation 
which this caused throughout the country proves that Walt 
Whitman has quietly obtained a very wide influence. Afler 
a very curious controversy, chiefly notable for an able anrl 
caustic pamphlet written by Mr. O'Connor, showing that 
the Secretary would equally have dismissed the ScripUiral 
and classical writers, the bard was appointed to an oflice in 
the Attorney-General's department." It is understood by 
his friends that he is writing a series of pieces which shall 
he the expression of the religious nature of man, which he 
regards as " essential to the completion of his task." A 
brilliant writer, in the London Foilnighlly Review, con- 
Iributes the following reminiscences: "It was about ten 
years ago (written in 1S66) that literary circles in and 
around Boston were startled by the tidings that Emerson, 
whose incredulity concerning American books was known lo 
be as profound as that of Sydney Smith, had discovered an 
American poet. Emerson had been for many years our 
literary banker; paper that he had inspected, coin that bad 
been rung on his counter, would pass safely anywhere. On 
his table had been laid one day a queerly-shaped book, en- 
titled, ' Leaves of Grass, by Walt Whitman.' There was 
also in the front the portrait of a middle-aged man. in the 
garb of a workingman. The Concord philosopher's feeling 
on perusing this book was expressed in a private Uticr to 
its author, which I quote from memory : 'At first I rubbed 
my eyes to find if this iiew sunbeam might not be an illu- 



BIOGRArillCAL EXCVCI.Or,EDIA. 



37 « 



sion T greet you at the lv>ginning of a great career, 

wliicli yet must have had a long I'liregrouinl somewhere for 
such a start.' Toward no other American, toward no con- 
temporary excepting Carlyle, had Emerson ever used such 
strong expressions as these." He then at once printed a 
new edition of his poems, placing on the back of it : "I 
greet you at the beginning of a great career: R. W. Emer- 
son," which, with the publication of the entire letter at the 
end of the volume, "annoyed Mr. Emerson very much, for 
it was a formidable book for any gentleman to carry by his 
endorsement into general society. Mr. Emerson was after- 
ward convinced, I believe, that Walt Whitman had printed 
his letter in ignorance of tlie /lieiisi'iiiices in such cases, but 
he was destined to hear of some unpleasant results from it. 
His hook was, in fact, unreadable in many of those circles 
to which the refined thinker's name at once bore it, and 
many were the stories of the attempts to read it in mixed 
companie.'. One gr.ave clergyman made an effort to read it 
aloud to some gentlemen and ladies, and only broke down 
after surprising his company considerably. Nevertheless, 
the book continued to be studied quietly, and those who 
read it ceased to wonder that it should have kindled the sage 
who had complained that the American freeman is 'timid, 
imit,itive, tame," from ' listening too long to the courtly 
muses of Europe.' " In his poems are the auftjgraphs of 
New York, and of the prairies, savannahs, Ohio and Mis- 
sissippi, and all powers good and evil. Here is his portrait 
in lS66: "The sun had put a red mask on his face and 
neck .... his head was oviform in every way ; his hair, 
which was strongly mixed with gray, was cut close to his 
head, and, with his beard, was in strange contrast to the 
almost infantine fulness and serenity of his face. This 
serenity, howeva-, came from the quiet light-blue eyes, and 
above these there were three or four deep horizontal fur- 
rows, which life had ploughed When he was talk- 
ing about that which interested him, his voice, always gentle 
and clear, became slow, and his eyelids had a tendency to 
decline over his eyes. It was impossible not to feel at every 
moment the realily of every word and movement of the 
man, and also the surprising delicacy of one who was even 
freer with his pen than modest Montaigne." Again : " I 
found him setting in type in a Brooklyn printing office a 
paper from the Democralic Rc-jiew, urging the superiority 
of Walt Whitman's poetry over that of Tennyson, which 
he meant to print (as he did everything, pro and con), 
in full in the appendix of his next edition. He still had 
on the workingman's garb, which (he said) he had been 
brought up to wear, and now found it an advantage to con- 
tinue." The following anecdote related of him is charac- 
teristic of his nature: He was going the rounds of a prison, 
and saw a man, pending trial for a slight ofiFence, incarcer- 
ated in a very disagreeable and unhealthy cell. " Hear- 
ing his account, Walt Whitman turned about, went straight 
to the governor of the prison and related Ihe matter, endin'^ 
thus : ' In my opinion, it is a damned shame.' The governor ] 



was at first stunned by this from an outsider, and one in the 
dress of a laborer; then he eyed him trom head to foot, as 
if questioning whether to commit him ; during which tlie 
offender stood eying the governor in turn with a severe 
serenity. Walt triumphed in this duel of eyeshots, and, 
without another word, the governor called an officer to go 
and transfer the prisoner to a l)etler room." He was visited 
by the celebrated Henry Thoreau in iS56,and this scholarly 
thinker says of him : " Walt Whilman .... is the most 
interesting fact to me at ]iresent. I have just read his second 
edition (uliich he gave me), and it has done me more good 
than any reading for a long time. There are two or thiee 
pieces in the book which are disagreeable; simply sensual. 
.... It is as if ihe beasts spoke. Of course he can com- 
municate to us no experience, and if we are shocked, whose 
experience is it that we are reminded of? ... . He occa- 
sionally suggests something a little more than human 

Wonderfully like the Orientals, too, considering that wdien 
I asked him if he had read them, he said, 'No; tell me 
about them.' .... He is apparently the greatest democrat 
the world has seen." He has made an equal impression on 
other men of abiliiy and culture who li.ne visited or have 
been brought into conl.act with him ; while in England, by 
such minds as Rossetti, Meredith, .Swinburne, and many 
more writers of high and unassailable talent and powers, he 
has been called the great singer of America. He is pas- 
sionately fond of opera music, and many of his verses have 
been written while listening to the performance of the 
Italian, French and German masterpieces. " He notes 
everything and forgets nothing. His brain is indeed a kind 
of American formation, in which all things print themselves 
like ferns in the co.al. Every thouglit, too, signs itself in 
his mind by a right and immut.able word." In one of his 
private letters is the following:"! assume that poetry in 
America needs to be entirely recreated. On examining with 
anything like deep analysis what now prevails in the United 
States, the whole mass of poetical works, long and short, 
consists either of the poetry of an elegantly weak sentimen- 
talism, at bottom nothing but maudlin puerilities, or more 
or less musical verbiage, arising out of a life of depression 
and enervation, as their result; or else that class of poetry, 
plays, etc., of which the foundation is feudalism, with its 
ideas of lords and ladies, its imported standard of gentility, 
and the manners of European high-hfe-below-stairs in every 

line and verse Instead of mighty and vital breezes, 

proportionate to our continent with its powerful races of 
men, its tremendous historic events, its great oceans, Its 
mountains, .and its illimitable prairies, I find a few little silly 
fans languidly moved by shrunken fingers." During the 
past few years he has resided in the vicinity of Camden, 
New Jersey, where, .as in all places ever honored by his 
presence, he is regarded with affection and admiration by 
all classes and all manner of men. He published ihe first 
edition of " Leaves of Grass " in 1S55 ; the third edition in 
1S60; " Drum-Taps " in 1S65-66; collected " Poems," Svo., 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.^iDIA. 



in 1S67 ; and in tS6S wns put forth a volume of his poems 
selecled and edited by \V. M. Rosselti, Svc, London. 



lILLETS, COLONEL J. HOWARD, Senator 
from' Cumberland county, was born in Cape 
May in 1S34. He is a son of Dr. Reuben Wil- 
lets, the family, of English descent, having first 
settled on Long Isl.md, and afterwards at WiUets' 
Point, Cape M ly county. He was educated at 
the Pennington Seminary, and at the West Point Military 
.(Vcademy, where he remained one term, w hen he resigned 
and entered the Jefferson Medical College, in Philadelphia, 
from which he graduated in 1S57. Shortly after his grad- 
\atiou he settled at Port Eliz.ibeth, New Jersey, and prac- 
tised his profession there until tfie outbreak of the civil war. 
Sharing in the patriotic uprising so general in New Jersey 
at that critical period, he volunteered his services and was 
commissioned a Captain in the 7th Regiment of New Jersey 
Volunteers, serving with the regiment through the Peninsula 
campaign, in which he greatly distinguished himself, and 
elsewhere, till 1S62, when he was appointed Lieutenant- 
Colonel of the 1 2th Regiment, and a few months later, the 
colonel, Robert C. Johnson, having resigned on account of 
ill health, was promoted to the Colonelcy. At the battle 
of ChancellorsviUe, in the following May, his regiment be- 
haved with conspicuous gallantry, and suffered heavily, 
losing 179 in killed, wounded and missing, he himself, at 
the head of a brigade, being severely wounded in the face 
and arm. The 12th Regiment, indeed, has passed into his- 
tory as in every respect one of the finest in the army. " It 
is the boast of the 12th," says Foster, in his work on " New 
Jersey and the Rebellion," "as it is that of most of the New 
Jersey regiments, that it was always in the post of danger; 
that it suffered in action most severely, and that it could 
always be relied on for perilous duty. Major-General 
French regarded the 12th as one of the finest regiments in 
the army, and the commanding officers of the brigade were 
always unanimous in its praise. Its losses were very severe 
in men and officers, and were never supplied by the State, 
no recruits (e.\cept about thirty) having been sent it until 
after the surrender of Lee. It never lost a color in action, 
and had very few prisoners taken. It never was broken, 
and never retreated until the whole line was broken or 
ordered back. It was composed of the flower and strength 
of the rural population of South Jersey, and on every field 
in Virginia they bravely maintained the honor of their flag 
and State." It was one of his most painful experiences in 
the war that the wounds he received at ChancellorsviUe, 
added to those he had received in the Peninsula, necessi- 
tated his parting with this gallant regiment and withdrawing 
from active service, but being totally disabled, no choice was 
left him. The War Department subsequently assigned him 
to duly as President of a Board of Court-Martial, in which 



capacity he served until the close of the war. He was mus- 
tered out of the service, December 20th, 1864, when he 
returned to Port Elizabeth and resumed the practice of 
medicine, though the brilliancy of his military record, com- 
l)ined with his abilities and popular qualities, soon drew 
him into the political arena, w-here, as in every other theatre 
of action in which he has figured, he won signal distinction. 
In 1 87 1 he was elected a member of the New Jersey As- 
sembly, and re-elected the following year; and in 1 874 he 
was elected to the State Senate, serving in both bodies on 
several of the most important committees. His course as a 
legislator not only secured the respect of his colleagues but 
proved highly accept.ible to his constituents. In 1876 he 
travelled extensively in South America, visiting most of the 
important cities on the Pacific side, having previously ex- 
plored the chief places of interest on the Atlantic coast. 
Scarcely yet in the prime of his manhood, and thus rich in 
knowledge and experience, with abilities of a high order 
well trained, it may fairly be predicted that his countrymen 
have not heard the last or the best of him. 



OODRUFF, HON. AARON DICKINSON, late 
of Trenton, Lawyer, Attorney-General of the 
State of New Jersey, was born in Trenton, Sep- 
tember I2lh, 1762. He delivered the valedictory 
at the Princeton commencement of 17/9 ; '" '784 
was admitted to the bar, and in 1793 was made 
Attorney-General of the State, and annually re-elected, ex- 
cept in 181 1, until his death. He served also in the Legis- 
lature, and was influential in having Trenton selected for 
the State capital. He died at Trenton, New Jersey, June 
24th, 1817, while actively engaged in the performance of 
his numerous and responsible duties as Attorney-General, 
and Trustee of the Presbyterian Church of his native place. 
He was buried in the Trenton churchyard, where his epi- 
taph records that : " For twenty-four years he filled the 
important station of Attorney-General w ith incorruptible in- 
tegrity. Adverse to legal subtleties, his professional knowl- 
edge was exerted in the cause of truth and justice. The 
native benevolence of his heart made him a patron of the 
poor : a defender of the fatherless : it exulted in the joys or 
participated in the sorrows of his friends." 



NGHAM, HON. SAMUEL D., Manufacturer, 
Secretary of the United States Treasury, 1S29- 
1831, late of Trenton, New Jersey, was born in 
Bucks county, Pennsylvania, September i6th, 
1773, and was of Quaker parentage. His earlier 
years were spent in the paper manufacturing busi- 
ness, in Easton, Pennsylvania, and until drawn into the 
arena of political life he was successfully engaged in mer- 








^a^2A- 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 



373 



canlile pursuits. He afterward served three years as a 
member of the Pennsylvania Legislature ; and was a mem- 
ber of Congress from his State m the years 1813 to iSiS, 
and 1S22 to 1S29. From 1829 to I S3 1 he ofiicialed as 
Secretary of the United States Treasury; the latter appoint- 
^aa/.C/Um. "i<^"l he received from;] hn Quincy Adams." lie died at 
Trenton, New Jersey, June 5th, 1S60. 



■ ILLER, REV. SAMUEL, D. D., Professor in the 
Theological Seminary of Princeton, was Imrn in 
1769, a few months before the birth of his inti- 
mate and illustrious friend. Dr. John Mason. His 
father, an excellent clergyman of Scotch extrac- 
tion, was born, educated and ordained in Boston, 
but spent the greater portion of liis life in Delaware. His 
mother, a nati' •' of Maryland, was a lady of rare accom- 
]>lishnients and high moral character. At a suitable age he 
was sent to the University of Pennsylvania, where he en- 
joyed enviable advantages; while, in his leisure hours, he 
had access to the best circles of society in Philadelphia 
and the environs, where he was ever a courted and re- 
spected guest and visitor. Upon fniishing the prescribed 
course of studies at the university, he commenced the study 
of theology under the guidance of his venerable father, and 
after his decease placed himself under the instructions of 
the celebrated Dr. Nisbet, then filling the presidential chair 
of the Dickinson College, Carlisle. lie studied the Bible 
earnestly and constantly, not merely as a source of theo- 
logical knowledge, but especially as a gracious means of 
spiritual culture. He was liberal and kindly in sharing his 
moderate means with those he found deserving pity and 
support, and in the practical affairs of life was notably care- 
ful and systematic. Above all did he act upon the counsel, 
*• Though thine enemies strike and revile thee, thou shalt 
treat them with pity and compassion; " and once took es- 
pecial pains to spread a favorable opinion of one who had 
done him an unmerited injury, and the fact being adverted 
to, he admitted its truthfulness, but added, mildly, " He 
was a good man, notwithstanding." In 1 791 he was li- 
censed to preach. His early and only settlement as pastor 
was in the First Presbyterian Church, of New York city, 
which then embraced more talent, wealth and influence 
than any other one in the connection. After laboring 
zealously and efficiently in this field for a period extending 
over twenty years he was appointed to the Professorship of 
Ecclesiastical Histoiy and Church Government in the Theo- 
logical Seminary at Princeton. His 'lectures on the com- 
position and delivery of a sermon, to the students under his 
charge, have never been surpassed in'their line, and take 
high rank as masterly productions; he was also a judicious 
critic on all matters relating to public oratory, or speaking, 
and by those who knew him, and who were competent to 



judge, his final opinion and decisions were taken as ulti- 
mate and conclusive. His " Treatise on Clerical Manners 
and Habits," inculcating a courteous and dignified bearing, 
is widely known, and has been repeatedly cpiotcd, in por- 
tions, as an excellent guide for students and the ckrgy in 
general. His publications are numerous; his first work of 
considerable extent benig " Retrospect of the Eighleenlh 
Century," written early in his ministry, through which he 
acquired an enviable reputation both at home and in Great 
Britain. Several of his works were controversial, and at- 
tracted much attention by their perspicuous, logical and 
well-considered arguments and analyses. He published 
also several biographical works of extended scope; and his 
volume on the " Eldership" is a work in high and general 
repute. Dr. Chalmers asserting that it is the best |niblicalinn 
given to the church on that subject. He was the author 
also of a large number of occasional discourses. Many 
who were among the most honored in civil life — Dickinson, 
Jay, Spencer, Boudinot, Rush, Hamilton, and, above all, 
Washington — were on the list of his personal fi lends; and 
with many famous and learned characters in Europe he 
maintained for many years a close and intimate correspond- 
ence. Following is a partial list of his various publications: 
" Letters on the Constitution and Order of the Christian 
Ministry, addressed to Members of the Presbyterian Church 
in the City of New York," 1807; "A Continuation of Let- 
ters Concerning the Constitution and Order of the Christian 
Ministry, being an Examination of the Strictures of the Rev. 
Drs. Bowdcn and Kemp, and Rev. Mr. How, on the For- 
mer Series," 1S09; " Memoirs of Rev. John Rogers, D. D.," 
Svo., 1813; " Letters on Unitarianism," 8vo., 1821 ; "Essay 
on the Warrant, Nature and Duties of the Office of Ruling 
Elder in the Presbyterian Church," 121110., 1831 ; "Letters 
to Presbyterians on the Present Crisis in the Presbyterian 
Church in the United States," i2mo., 1833; "Two Ser- 
mons on Baptism, preached at Freehold, New Jersey," 
121110., 1S34; "Memoir of Rev. Charles Nesbil, D. D.," 
l2nio., 1840; "Primitive and Apostolical Order of the 
Church of Christ Vindicated," l2nio., 1S40; besides his 
"Brief Retrospect" and his "Letters on Clerical Manneis 
and Habits," etc., etc. He died at Princeton, New Jersey, 
in 1850. 



ARR, HON. JOSEPH, Judge of the Court of 
Common Pleas and Orphans' Court of Burling- 
ton county, was born, January llth, 1821, in the 
town of Mount Holly, New Jersey, and is the 
son of Joseph and Ruth N. (Thomas) Carr. His 
^ father was a merchant for upwards of fifty years 
in Mount Holly, and is a native of the State; his mother is 
a native of Wales, who when ten years of age came to the 
United Stales, at the very coniinencement of the nin'?tcenth 
century, and is still living. Joseph received but a limited 



G 



374 



EioGRAnncAL encyclop.t;dia. 



education in the common school, where he remained until 
ten years of age, and then entered his father's employ, with 
whom he continued three years. He was next indentured 
as an apprentice to Nathan Palmer, the proprietor of the 
A'ew Jersey Mirror, a weekly paper then as now published 
at Mount Holly. In that establishment he learned the 
whole art of printing; and after acquiring the same he re- 
mained in the employ of his patron until the latter's death, 
in 1842. He then assumed the entire charge of the paper, 
which he conducted with marked ability and success until 
1857, when he was admitted to an equal share or partner- 
ship with the remaining heir, as Mrs. Palmer had died at 
this time. The paper was now vested in the firm of J. 
Carr, Jr., & Co., which continued without change until 
1S72, when he disposed of his interests in the same. In 
the same year, without any solicitation on his part, he was 
appointed Judge of the Court of Common Pleas and of the 
Orphans' Court for Burlington county, a position which he 
still retains. His political creed is that held by the Repub- 
lican party, who in the campaign of 1876 selected him 
as the representative of the Second Congressional District 
on the Electoral ticket for Hayes and Wheeler. He has 
been for many years a Director of the Farmers' National 
Bank of Mount Holly, one of the oldest financial insti- 
tutions in the State. In eveiy movement tending towards 
the improvement of the town or county he has ever mani- 
fested a deep interest, and is respected by all classes 
as a valuable as well as a public spirited citizen. He 
was married, June loth, 1S75, to Emily, daughter of 
John Palmer, of New York. 



'AYTON, HON. AARON OGDEN, Fourth Audi- 
tor, Treasurer, Department of the United States, 
late of Washington, District of Columbia, was 
born at Elizabethtown, New Jersey, October 4th, 
1796. Ralph Dayton came from England to 
Boston, and thence to East Hampton, about 
1650; was one of the pioneer settlers in that section of the 
countiy, and died in 1657 ; Jonathan Dayton, one of his 
descendants, removed to Elizabethtown, New Jersey, about 
1720. His father, Elias Dayton, was a son of the preced- 
ing; while another son, Robert Dayton, bore the same 
relation to the eminent jurist and statesman, Hon. William 
L. Dayton, late Senator in Congress from New Jersey. 
Elias Dayton was born in 1737; in 1759 was commissioned 
as lieutenant, and in 1760 as captain, in a regiment of foot 
of the Province of New Jersey; in 1764 he was sent in 
command of a military force against the Indians near De- 
troit. In February, 1776, he was commissioned colonel of 
a New Jersey regiment, and took part in the defence of Ti- 
conderoga, under General Schuyler. With his brigade he 
assisted in forming the last line of trenches at Yorktown, 



and was present at the opening of the capitulation by Corn- 
wallis. At Kniphausen's invasion of New Jersey, in 1 780, 
he was in command of the force which pursued hmi. In 
January, 1783, he was appointed a brigadier-general, on 
which occasion Washington sent him a letter of congialu- 
lalion, and said he would keep his commission until he 
could deliver it to him in person. At the close of the war 
he was appointed Major-General of the Second Division 
of New Jersey Militia, which station he filled until his 
decease. He was for many years a member of the State 
Legislature; declined the appointment of delegate to the 
convention formed to frame the Constitution of the United 
States — an honor which, at his re<iHesi, was subsequently 
conferred upon his eldest son, the late Jonathan Dayton — 
and died in 1807. His father, Elias B. Dayton, who was a 
minor during the Revolution, distinguished himself in those 
troublous days as a volunteer in several expeditions, and 
subsequently was engaged in mercantile pursuits in Eliza- 
bethtown, New Jersey. His mother was a daughter of Dr. 
Thomas Bradbury Chandler, who was one of the most emi- 
nent divines of the colonial church of England, was the 
writer of whom it was said, by one well able to judge, that 
no man in America could mend his pen. He was sent to 
school at a very early age, and from a small "character 
book," still preserved, his general standing there seems to 
have been unvaryingly creditable to him. His fondness 
for reading even in his childhood may be inferred from an 
incident which occurred on the occasion of his first visit to 
New York. Instead of indulging his curiosity, and hurry- 
ing out with eagerness to behold the wonders and novelties 
of this bustling city, he had no sooner entered his micle's 
house than he asked for a book, and sat down to its quiet 
perusal. When in his fifteenth year he was sufficiently ad- 
vanced in his studies to enter the junior class in Princeton 
College; and, though the youngest member in it, passed 
through his course with such distinction — evincing rare as- 
siduity and power of comprehension — as to graduate at its 
close, in 1813, with the highest honors. He was a member 
of the Cliosophic Society, before which he delivered on one 
occasion a noteworthy address, characterized by scholarly 
elegance. In the course of the year following his relin- 
quishment of college life, he entered on the study of law 
under the supervision of the late Governor Ogden, afier 
whom he had been naned. While thus engaged his con- 
stitution, originally strong, became seriously enfeebled by a 
nervous disease, from which he never entirely recovered, 
and which often during a great part of his life unfitted him 
for strong, sustained mental exertion. With short intervals 
of rest he continued his studies, however, until the com- 
pletion of his term, and the usual preparatory training, and, 
November t3th, 1817, was admitted to the bar of New 
Jersey as an attorney-at-law. In the opening of 181S, 
partly through health considerations, partly to judge by 
actual personal observations, concerning the probable ad- 
vantages obtainable in his profession in Ohio, he left his 



EIOGRAnilCAL EXCVCLOr.EDIA. 



375 



home .Tinl made a journey to (hat Stale on liorsebach, even- 
tually vecuiing a license there as attorney and counsellor. 
In auiunin of the same year he returned to New Jersey 
with the intention of settling in Cincinnati in the following 
spring, but was finally induced to change his mind and re- 
main in his native State. In the summer of 1S19, accord- 
ingly, he entered upon the active practice of his profession 
at or near .Salem, in the western section of New Jersey. 
lie possessed many natural gifts, which, hacked hy un- 
wearied diligence, eminently fitted him to attain high rank 
in his profession; had an acute discriminating and logical 
mind ; a lucid and orderly method in arranging his thoughts, 
and great case and freedom in expressing them; a quick 
and intuitive perception of strong points in a case before 
him; and singular readiness in exposing the weaknesses 
and f.;Ilacies in the arguments and pleadings of opponents. 
His voice was clear and strong, his enunciation distinct and 
forcible, his manner earnest and impressive. Ey his careful 
reading and just thinking he was well versed in general 
princijiles of law, and happy in their application to particu- 
lar cases ; also through his patient industry and tireless 
research he was enabled to illustrate and fortify his positions 
by all the precedents that had bearing on the question. He 
was not only a sound lawyer and an excellent reasoner, but 
also a persuasive and popular pleader, succeeding at once 
in securing the attention and respect of bench and bar, and 
in exercising due influence on the minds of the jury. At 
the outset of his career he rose raiiidly, and, instead of the 
usual trying slow progress of young lawyers, secured al- 
most immediately an extensive and remunerative clientage. 
" This stimulated him. He did not confine himself to 
county courts and emjiloy senior counsel to argue cases 
before the Supreme Court, but as soon as he became coun- 
sellor, in the shortest time allowed by rules, i. e., three 
years from time of license as attorney, argued all his cases 
himself." This active conduct of his cases naturally 
brought him into conflict with many of his more learned 
and experienced brethren, and became a still further incite- 
ment to study and ambition. In 1S23 he was elected to the 
State Legislature, and though the youngest member of that 
body took an active part in many of the most important 
dcbites, and was occasionally opposed to William Griffith, 
a distinguished speaker in the House, and other learned 
legi^lalors. Richard Stockton, however, advised him not 
to be a candidate again until he made himself master of his 
profession, wisely observing how many young and promis- 
ing men have been disastrously diverted from their studies 
by the fascination of political life and excitement. Upon 
this advice he acted, and for a time devoted himself with 
renewed earnestness to professional theory and practice. 
But at the time of the exciting presidential contest between 
Jackson and Adams he once more entered ardently into the 
political arena, taking up arms for Jackson, who was then 
somewhat unpopular. The duty was committed to him by 
the convention of delegates held in Trenton, September 1st, 



1S24, of which he was the secretary, of preparing an ad- 
dress on the subject under discussion to the people of the 
State. This address, drafted entirely by himself, elicited 
warm encomiums from many high quarters, and extensively 
circulated throughout the country; its efVect was pronounced 
and sudden, and the State, supposed originally by all to be 
entirely for Adams, gave to Jackson the electoral vote. In 
the summer of 1825 he removed to Jersey City, and thence 
to New York in 1826, and in May of this year was ad- 
mitted to practise as counsellor-at-law in that Stale. He 
then again became a warm and open ally of Jackson, and 
in his cause contributed extensively to the current news- 
papers and journals, and delivered many addresses and 
speeches, extorting through his eloquence and abilities the 
admiration even of his bitterest adversaries. In autumn 
of 1828 he was nominated by the Democrats of the city 
and county of New York as a candidate for the Legislature, 
and was elected by 5,000 m.njority. His principal efforts 
centred on the subject of banking, which in the proceedings 
of that session occupied a very prominent place; and he 
was an unflinching advocate of the safely fund system, 
which was adopted in the face of a vehement opposition of 
the city banks. At the next annual election he was again 
regularly nominated, but the wealth of those opposing him 
was an important "element in the defeat which followed. 
He was afterward appointed, by the governor and Senate, 
Master in Chancery, a lucrative position in such a cily as 
New York. He was subsequently honored by the chancel- 
lor with the office of Injunction Master fi)r the First Circuit, 
which included the city and county of New York, Long 
Island and Staten Island. This station, inferior only to 
that of vice-chancellor, he filled with ability and with gen- 
eral satisfaction to the chancellor, the bar and the com- 
munity at large. His state of health prohibiting a vigorous 
prosecution of his profession, he accepted, in 1833, the offer 
of a place in the Diplomatic Bureau of the Department of 
.State, and thus virtually forever abandoned the bar. In 
March, 1S34, he was admitted as Counsellor of the -Supreme 
Court of the United States, and shortly after commenced 
the preparation of a new edition of " Laws of the United 
States," which was intended to include a history of legisla- 
tion on each subject from the establishment of the govern- 
ment down to the current time. The publisher, however, 
after having put in press a portion of this important pro- 
jected enterprise, not receiving the expected patronage 
from Congress, abandoned the further prosecution of ilie 
work, and a needed and laudable publication was lost to 
the country. In 1S35, at the invitation of the Society of 
Cincinnati, of New Jersey, he delivered a eulogy on La- 
fayette, recently deceased ; while in the Department of 
.State he had access to a complete file of the Moiiilair and 
other works not often seen in this country, which gave him 
familiar acquaintance with every important event of the 
patriot Frenchman's life and career. In 1806 he was 
made Chief Clerk of the Department of State, an office 



376 



BIOGRAPHICAL EXCVCLOP.CDIA. 



corresponding with the under-secretaryship of state in Great 
Britain. During the absence of the head of the depart- 
ment, he acted, by authority of the President, as Secretary 
of State, performing the same duties now pertaining to the 
Assistant Secretaryship of State. In 1837, just after his 
marriage, he was offered the situation of Charge d'Aft'aires 
at Bogota, but declined the appointment from domestic con- 
siilerations. In 1S3S he was placed at the head of a bureau 
in the Treasury Department, as Fourth Auditor, and through 
several varying administrations until his death filled that 
position, without changing or concealing his politics — his 
duty being to oversee all accounts of the Navy Department, 
lie was married in August, 1837, to Mary B. Tuft, of Salem, 
New Jersey ; and died, September 30th, 1858, of a sudden 
attack of apoplexy, occurring while he was on his way to 
his home. At his decease resolutions of respect were 
passed by all heads of liureaus in the Treasury Department ; 
also by those especially connected with the office of Fourth 
Auditor. 



y 



^'-' ii^URRILL, ALEXANDER M., Lawyer, Legal 
Writer, lute of Kearney, New Jersey, graduated in 
1824 from Columbia College, with the highest 
honors of the class. Subsequently he entered the 
\^ office of Chancellor Kent, and for several years 
pursued a course of legal studies under the 
supervision and guidance of that able and scholarly jurist. 
He was remarkable for his elegant precision and discrimi- 
nation in the use of language ; and was liie author of ** Cir- 
cumstantial Evidence," "Assignments," "Practice," and a 
" Law Dictionary." He also aided in compiling " Worces- 
ter's Dictionary," and deservedly took high rank as an au- 
thority on general pronunciation and definition, and on 
points of law requiring careful inquiry and lucid explana- 
tion. He died at Kearney, New Jersey, February 7th, 
1S69, aged sixty-two years. 



iGDEN, REV. BENJAMIN, Sixth P.istor of Hope- 
well Church, Pennington, New Jersey, late of 
V.ilparaiso, Indiana, was the son of John Ogden 
' rq- and Abigail (Bennett) Ogden. He was born in 
r\S) Fairfield, Cumberland county, New Jersey, Octo- 
ber 4th, 1797, and was educated at the College 
of New Jersey, from which institution he graduated in 1817. 
He early manifested a leaning toward the church, became 
deeply interested in divinity and theological study, and was 
eventually one of the subjects of that wonderful work of 
grace under Dr. Green's presidency, which gave to the 
church such men as Drs. Charles Hodge, David Magie, 
Jihn Maclean and Ravaad K. Rodgers, and Bishops 
McIIvaine and Johns. He prepared for the ministry at the 



Theological Seminary of the Presbyterian church, in 
Princeton, iu April, 1S21, was licensed as a probationer by 
the Presbytery of Philadelphia, and by the same presbyteiy 
ordained in June, 1822, at Bensalem, Bucks county, Penn- 
sylvania, where lie labored as a missionary for one year and 
six months. In 1823 he was installed as pastor of the 
church in Lewistown, Delaware, by the Presbytery of New 
Castle, and in this place remained for a period of three and 
a half years. In the meantime the Presbytery of Lewes was 
formed, and November 28th, 1S26, he was received from 
the presbytery of that place by the Presbytery of New 
Brunswick, when a call from Hopewell Church was placed 
in his hands, and by him accepted. December 5lh, 1826, 
he was installed pastor of this church by a committee con- 
sisting of Dr. Samuel Miller and the Rev. Messrs. Eli F. 
Cooley and George S. Woodhull. In this field he Labored 
well and wisely. Early in the summer of 1833 he called 
to his aid Rev. Daniel Dernelle, who began his offices by 
preaching a series of sermons to Christians from passages in 
the Fifty-first Psalm. " The word came with power. The 
hearts of believers were melted, backsliders returned, un- 
ceasing prayer was offi;red mingled with, praise, and sinners 
were brought to repentance." Although it was in the midst 
of the harvest, there was no hindrance. The farmers rose 
to their work in the field at about three in the morning and 
closed at noon. After dining they arrived at the church in 
time for one service at 3 P. M., and another at 8 r. M., the 
intervening hours being devoted to meetings for prayer. 
As a fruit of this work, there was an addition to the com- 
munion roll of forty-seven persons. In the winter of 1837- 
38 came another memorable revival, which is excellently 
described in an article published in T/ie Preshylerian, 
signed " N. N.," dated Pennington, April 24lh, 1838. 0)i 
one Saturday and the following Sabbath, the church re- 
ceived an addition of threescore persons, fifty-eight on ex- 
amination and two by certificate. Of this number, twenly- 
nine were baptized on Saturday. ** It was a pleasing spec- 
tacle. Those who witnessed it can never forget it. 
.\mongst the number was an aged man who had been in the 
world nearly threescore and ten years. He, with two others, 
of nearly the same age, had gone into the vineyard at the 
eleventh hour. In this displ.ay of Divine grace, it seems as 
if no age nor class of people were passed by. The youngest 
of the number received into church fellowship was eleven 
years of age." On this solemn occasion he preached a 
touching sermon from the words, " By grace ye are saved," 
and in speaking of the revival, remarked, " To all other 
churches could we ardently wish a like stirring up of peo- 
ple's souls, and with might and main shall pray for so divine 
a result." The whole number received on profession of 
their faith under his ministry was one hundred and eighty- 
six. On the conijiletion of his labors in this section, he re- 
moved to Three Rivers, Michigan, where by his preaching 
and example he accomplished beneficent and enduring re- 
sults, and thence travelled to Indiana, settling eventually at 



BIOGRArillCAI. ENCYCLOP.F.DIA. 



377 



Valp:iraiso, his final place of sojourn. lie was mavrieil to 
Emily T. Sansljury, October 15111, 1821, by whom he had 
ten chilli ren— four sons and six daughters — all of whom 
survived him. One daughter married Rev. James Greer, and 
another, Rev. J. G. Reiheldafler, D. D. ; one son, Thomas 
Spencer Ogden, entered the ministry. He was born at 
Pennington, January glh, 1832, and baptized in the following 
May; was licensed as a probationer by the Presbytery of 
New Brunswick, and was ordained by the same body in the 
Millstone Presbyterian Church, Monmouth county, New 
Jersey, August 29th, 1857; after marrying Phoebe Elizabeth 
Coombs, he set sail for Corisco, Central Africa, on the fol- 
lowing October 5th ; in that far-oflf field of labor he was 
constantly employed in earnest Christian missionary work 
until the time of his decease, and there was buried after a 
faithful service of three years, his widow and infant child 
returning to this country. Of his other children there is no 
especial mention found in the chronicles of Hopewell 
Church, of Pennington. He died at Valparaiso, Indiana, 
J'.muary Ilih, 1S53. 

??^ '^ 
AYTOX, GENERAL ELIAS, late of Elizabeth, 

was born. May 1st, 1737, at Elizabethtown, and 
commissioned, March 19th, 1759, asa Lieutenant 
in the regiment of provincial troops raised in 
New Jersey, and known as the " Jersey Blues," 
which were employed in the conquest of Canada 
from the French. He participated in the battle on the 
Heights of Abr.iham, at the gates of Quebec, on September 
I3lh, 1759, and was present at the surrender, five days after. 
In the succeeding spring he was promoted to Captain, and 
took part in the campaign which terminated with the sur- 
render of Montreal, and at the same time the ceding of the 
whole of Canada, with its dependencies, to the British 
crown. In 1764 he was sent on special service in com- 
mand of an expedition against the northern Indians near 
Detroit. A journal kept by him during the five months he 
passed in that wild region is still in existence, and is full 
of exciting interest. The objects of the expedition were 
accomplished, and he received official commendation for his 
success. After the disbandment of the provincial forces, he 
engaged in mercantile pursuits in his native town. But the 
spring of 1774 brought the tidings of British despotism in 
Boston, and Elizabethtown became from that time the 
head-quarters of the patriotic movement in New Jersey, 
giving impulse to the whole province. Mr. Dayton was an 
Alderman of the town, and became active in determining 
the people to stand by the Bostonians. In June, 1774, the 
patriots met to extend sympathy, and adopted resolutions to 
urge the country to stand firmly united, and inviting pro- 
vincial conventions to assemble speedily to appoint dele- 
gales to a general Congress. In December he was chosen 
at a meeting of the Town Freeholders, to be a member of 
the " Committee of Correspondence and Observation, to 
48 



f;\vor the nifire vigorous prosecution of the measures recom- 
mendeii ijy Congress." His fatlier, Jonathan, who was then 
over seventy-four years of age, also served on the same 
committee. In the fall of 1775, when recruiting for the 
Continental army was begun, he was appointed Musicr- 
Master, and assisted in the organization of the first two 
regiments raised in the province. At the beginning of the 
year 1776 Congress directed that the 3d Regiment be raised 
in New Jersey, and elected Mr. Dayton to be its Colonel. 
On the 23d of January, 1776, he signalized himself by fitting 
out at Elizabethport an expedition of three armed boats and 
one hundred and ten men, with which, in conjunction with 
a boat and forty men under Lord Sterling, he captured the 
British transport-ship, " Blue Mountain Valley," which lay 
in the lower bay of New York, loaded with supplies and 
necessaries for the British army. The prize was brought to 
Elizabethport, and a resolution of thanks to the captors 
passed Congress. After being retained for some time in the 
vicinity of New \'ork to ward off anticipated raids from the 
British fleet. Colonel Dayton was in April, 1776, ordered to 
march to the relief of the northern army besieging Quebec, 
but on his arrival at Albany, General Schuyler changed his 
destination and gave him command of the Mohawk valley, 
where he quelled the Toryism which had been fostered by 
the activity of Sir John Johnson, and kept a check on the 
Indians of the " Six Nations " in that locality. He built 
Fort Schuyler, on the site of old Fort Stanwix, at Rome, 
and Fort Dayton, at Herkimer. In the close of the year he 
took part in the defence of Ticondcroga and Mount Inde- 
pendence, after which his regiment was returned to New 
Jersey, and on reaching Morristown was brigaded with the 
other New Jersey Continentals under General Maxwell. 
They reached the province in the darkest hour of the 
patriot cause, almost the whole State being in the possession 
of the enemy. After much skirmishing the Jersey Brigade 
reoccupied the country around Newark and Elizabethtown, 
shortly after the battle of Trenton. Many found their 
homes in ruins— houses jilundered, fences gone and gardens 
laid w^ste. Colonel Dayton was among the suflcrers. I fe 
was stationed at his native town a portion of the winter. 
In the campaign of the following year he commanded his 
regiment at the battle of the Brandywine, September llth, 
1777, the Jersey Brigade suftering severely and Colonel 
Dayton having a horse shot under him. At the battle of 
Germantown, October 4th, 1777, he had another horse 
killed under him while engaged near the corner of the 
famous Chew's house in the village. Although the result 
of the battle was not favorable to the Americans, they in- 
flicted the greater loss upon the enemy, the New Jersey 
regiments making famous their title, " The Jersey Brigade." 
In the winter of 1777-7S he was again posted at Elizabeth- 
town and put in supervision of the secret service for General 
Washington, getting information of the enemy's condition 
and movements. In June, 177S, when the British evacuated 
Philadelphia and retired across New Jersey, Colonel Dayton 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENXVCLOP.EDIA. 



was with the force detached under General Lafayette to 
harass and impede them in their march. The British were 
su severely pressed that they turned and gave battle at 
Monmouth,. June 28th, in which engagement the New Jer- 
sey Continentals antl militia rendered most valuable service. 
AVhile the New Jersey Brigade was stationed at Elizabeth 
and Newark, in February, 1779, a night attack was made 
on the former place by the 33d and 42d British regiments, 
who succeeded in burning some buildings, including the 
academy ; but daybreak revealing their numbers, they were 
at once attacked by Colonel Dayton's regiment with por- 
tions of two others, driven into the mud marshes, and forced 
to retreat thoroughly demoralized. In June, 1779, the 
Jersey Brigade marched in General Sullivan's army into 
northern Pennsylvania and western New York, to punish 
the Indian confederacy of the Si.\ Nations, who had been 
the cause of the massacre of Wyoming and other terrible 
outrages. Colonel Dayton was engaged in the battle on 
August 29th, near Elmira, New York, when these Indians, 
under Brant, Butler and Middleton, with a Tory force under 
Sir John Johnson, were defeated and routed. The troops 
then overran the country, penetrating as far west as the 
Genesee valley. The houses and crops were destroyed and 
lands laid waste. The Indians never recovered from 
the severe chastising which they received. In October 
General Sullivan's troops were recalled. During the severe 
winter of 1779-S0, General Washington, with the main 
army, lay at Morristown, with the Jersey Brigade in the ad- 
vance posts from Rahway to above Newark. The frozen 
rivers and armsof the bays enabling troops to cross them 
necessitated extraordinary vigilance. Colonel Dayton par- 
ticipated in an attack, January 25th, made by 2,500 men, in 
an effort to capture the 1,200 British stationed on Staten 
Island. Sleds were used in crossing, and the troops occu- 
pied the heights on the island, but were so impeded in their 
movements by the snow, which was " four to six feet deep," 
that they failed to accomplish their object. The British re- 
taliated by repealed invasions of Jersey during January and 
February, and in one of these the court-house at Eliza- 
beth was burned, and also the Presbyterian church, of which 
Colonel Dayton was a Trustee. In the campaign of 1780 
the British made their last important effort in New Jersey. 
On the night of June 6th an expedition of over 6,000 of the 
flower of the British army, including the Coldstream Guards, 
cavalry, flying artillery, and Hessians, under General 
Knyphausen, landed at Elizabethport, proposing to march 
upon Washington's main army at Morristown. Colonel 
Dayton commanded the post of Elizabethtown, from which 
they encountered the fii-st opposition, his skirmish line mor. 
tally wounding the general of their advance division before 
they entered the town. The alarm signals brouaht out 
militia to Colonel Dayton's sujiport, but he fell back skir- 
mishing before the superior force of the enemy to a position 
behinil Connecticut Farms village, where he effected a junc- 
tion with the other portions of the Jersey Brigade. The 



Continentals and militia then made a stand for three hours, 
twice attacking the enemy and driving his advance upon the 
main body, but at last, after a very close action, were 
pushed over the Kahway river into Springfield, but ]ae- 
vented the British from following. The plans of the enL-my 
were thwarted by the delay caused by this obstinate resist- 
ance, and in the afternoon they retired to Connecticut 
Farms, their flanks being harassed by the mililia which had 
been put under the command of Colonel Dnyton. The 
enemy burned lhe\illage of Connecticut Farms, where they 
shot the wife of Rev. Mr. Caldwell, the chaplain of Colonel 
Dayton's regiment, and retreated the same night, through a 
drenching storm, to their boats at Elizabethport. Instead 
of having annihilated General Washington's force and 
ended the rebellion, they had been thwarted and held at 
bay by a single brigade of Continentals, aided only by 
militia. This miserable failure was more than Brhish pride 
thought it could bear, and the attempt to penetrate to Wash- 
ington's camp was renewed by the same powerful and well- 
organized foice, with additional artillery, on the 23d of 
June, under direction and command of Sir Henry Clinton. 
On Colonel Dayton again fell the first blow. He succeeded 
in checking them at Connecticut: Farms, and then retired to 
Springfield, where he was given the defence of the town 
with the bridges leading into it, a duty in which he greatly 
distinguished himself, holding the place nearly an hour 
against repeated assaults of the enemy and having his horse 
shot under him. He then rejoined the remainder of Max- 
well's brigade, which, with Stark's brigade, were posted on 
the heights in the rear of the village, under command of 
General Greene, with the militia on the flanks. The 
strength of this position, and information of the approach of 
troops sent out by General Washington, deterred the British 
from attempting further advance. After exhausting their 
valor by burning a score of dwellings, and the Presbyterian 
church in the village of Springfield, they retreated precipi- 
tately, receiving additional punishment by the active pursuit 
ordered by General Greene. They recrossed to Staten 
Island immediately, and ne\er again attempted a pleasure 
trip into Jersey. An officer of the Coldstream Guards esti- 
mated the loss of the British in these two June expeditions 
at about five hundred officers and men. Soon after the 
battle of Springfield, General Maxwell's resignation was 
accepted by Congress, and Colonel Dayton assumed com- 
mand of the Jersey Brigade and held the command during 
the remainder of the war, although not confirmed as a 
Brigadier-General until January, 17S3. In January, 17S1, 
a portion of the Jersey Brigade, emboldened by the mild 
treatment used towards the Pennsylvania line, who had 
mutinied, imitated their example, and demanded the sTme 
indulgences, but Colonel Dayton's prompt action forced the 
surrender of all concerned. In September, 1781, the Jer- 
sey Brigade, under Colonel Dayton's command, landed on 
James river, about five miles from Williamsburgh, and took 
part in the campaign of the siege of Yorklown, forming the 




■^^^2^'^.yr ^ 



^^^c^t. 



EIOGRArniCAL ENCVCI.Or.F.DIA. 



379 



Inst line of trenches. He was present at the signing of the 
capitulalion by Lord Connvallis, on the igih of October. 
In 17S2 he was in charge of the camp of prisoners at 
Chatham, New Jersey. On the 7;h of January, 1783, he 
was commissioned a Brigadier General by Congress. Gen- 
eral Washington wrote him upon the occasion, congratulat- 
ing him upon his promotion and informing him that he 
would keep his commission until he could have the pleasure 
of delivering it to him in person. The news of the cessation 
of hostilities was announced in the camp of the brigade 
April iglh, 1783, and they were discharged November 3d, 
1783. General Dayton had taken part in all the battles in 
which the Continental Line of New Jer«ey had been en- 
gaged. After the war he was commissioned Major-General 
of the 2d Division New Jersey Slate Militia, which com- 
mand he held at the time of his death. Upon the formation 
of the New Jersey Society of the Cincinnati, General Day- 
ton was chosen its President, and held that office during the 
remainder of his life. He declined an election to Congress 
in 1779. In 17S7 he was appointed a member of the con- 
vention to frame the Constitution of the United States, but 
favored the appointment of his son. In 1789 he was elected 
Recorder of Elizabethtown, and from 1796 to 1S05 was 
Mayor of the town, and for several years a member of the 
Legislature of New Jersey. In private life he sustamed a 
high reputation. He was open and generous, and scrupu- 
lously upright, and in manners easy, unassuming and 
pleasant. In person and bearing he is said to have resem- 
bled General Washington so strongly, that with their backs 
turned it was difficult to distinguish them. He was on 
terms of intimacy with that illustrious man, by whom he 
was always treated with distinguished confidence. General 
Lafayette was also his warm friend. General Dayton died 
at Elizabeth, October 22d, 1S07. 



^OBART, HON. GARRET A., Lawyer, was bom 
ll at Long Branch, Monmouth county, New Jersey, 
^■•) 11] I June 3d, 1844. His father, Addison W. Hobart, 
Cq^J was a merchant. His mother's maiden name was 
^ r)' Sophine Vandervere. The mother was a native 
of New Jersey and of Dutch descent, the father 
being from New Hampshire and of the same family witli 
the late Bishop Hobart. Garret's education was begun in 
the district schools, those great foundation-builders of indi- 
vidual culture, and finished at Rutgers College, which he 
entered in i860, graduating in the class of 1S63. He 
studied law in the office of Socrates Tuttle, and was licensed 
as an attorney in iS65, and as a counsellor in 1869, in which 
last year he was married to E. J Tuttle, daughter of his 
late preceptor. He began the practice of his profession at 
Paterson in 1866, and has pursued it ever since with dili- 
gence and success, notwithstanding his pursuit at the same 
time, with equal success, of a large business career, begun 



even before Iiis professional one, .iml a pohtical career, 
opening in 1S72 with his electum to the Assembly, and 
thenceforward' advancing without a backward .step, he 
having been re-elected the following year, when he was 
chosen Speaker of the Asseniljly, and subsequently elected 
to the State Senate, with a clear prospect of still greater 
honors in the future. During his first term in the Assem- 
bly he was placed on the Judiciary Committee, a recognition 
at the dawn of his public life wl-.ich foreshadowed his up- 
ward course. His parly affiliations are Republican, and, 
as befits an active member of a political society, are close 
.and warm. He is plainly a politician of high promise. As 
a lawyer his practice is mainly confined to corporations, and 
is nearly all done quietly in his own office. He belongs to 
the great class of business lawyers, Mho in modern times 
have crowded their spread-eagle brethren quite off the stage, 
wisdom of action lieing much more in requisition than the 
gift of speech. He is Receiver fur the New Jersey Middle 
Railroad, for the Paterson & Little Falls Horse Railroad, 
and for the Manhattan Bleaching & Dyeing Company ; and 
was in 1S72 appointed Counsel of the Board of Chosen 
Freeholders, in addition to being counsel for a number of 
banks and insurance companies. His first preferment in the 
line of his profe'-sion was his appointment as City Counsel 
of Paterson, an honor thrust upon him against his will, and 
which he shortly resigned. His aptitude for business is ex- 
traordinary, in respect to origination as well as despatch, 
assuring not only the systematic and rapid performance of 
his immense office work, but the success of his projects and 
the profit of his investments in a measure that has occa- 
sioned his "luck "to pass into a proverb. In his case, 
however, as in that of most olher successful men, it is safe 
to say that " luck " is only a familiar name for the force of 
brains. Personally, he is estimable and attractive, of excel- 
lent habits, cheerful temper, genial manners and generous 
feelings. 



g^^r^INDLEY, JACOB, late of New Garden, New Jer- 
sey, was born in September, 1744. He was early 
in life a lover of religious inquiry, "being of an 
ZjiQ^ affable and communicative disposition, not will- 
to^-i ingly giving, nor readily taking offence; and as 
his natural endowments became seasoned with 
divine grace, he was fitted to fill with projiriety the impor- 
tant station to which he was afterward called." His first 
appearance in the ministry was about the thirtieth year of 
his age; his communications were lively and powerful, 
" reaching the witness in the hearts of those to whom he 
ministered ; and by keeping low and humble, walking in 
fear, and in obedience to the manifestations of duty, he grew 
in his gift and became an able minister of the gospel, quali- 
fi d to divide the word aright to the several states of the 
people." Being well versed in the Scriptures, he was fre- 
quently enabled to open them with instructive clearness. 



3So 



BIOGRArmCAL EXCYCLOr.MDIA. 



In times of internal commotion and strife in the country I ability and thoroughness in argument, and such tact and 



he was deeply concerned ; earnestly cautioning Friends, 
especially the young men, to watch against the delusive 
spirit of war, in its various appearances, so desolating in 
its progress and destructive to the human species; and his 
Inhors therein were productive of salutary effects. lie was 
one of those who bore a faithful testmiony against the im- 
proper use of ardent spirits, at a time when the minds of 
Friends in general were less awakened to the magnitude 
of the evd than has since been the case. The descendants 
of the African race faund in hmi a zealous advocate, their 
wrongs and sufferings obtaining his tender sympathy. On 
the day of his death he appeared in the meeting at New 
Garden in a lively and affecting communication, "delivered 
with heart tendering energy and clearness;" in the course 
of which he intimated an apprehension that there might be 
those present who would not see the light of another day ; 
adding, "and perhaps it maybe myself." After meeting 
he appeared in his usual cheerful disposition ; when toward 
evening, by a fall from a chaise, he was suddenly deprived 
of life. His decease was on the I2th of June, 1S14, and 
on the ensuing 14th he was interred in Friends' burying 
ground at New Garden, where a solemn meeting was held 
on the occasion. 



HIPMAN, JEHIEL G., Lawyer, of Belvideie, son 
of David Shipman, of Hope, Warren county, New 
Jersey, was born near that place about 1820. The 
family is of Norman descent, its founder having 
been knighted by Henry III., of England (a. d. 
1258), and granted the following coat of arms: 
Gules on a bend argent, betvv'i.\t six etoiles, or three pellets ; 
crest: a leopard se jant ar., spotted sa., resting his dexter 
paw on a ship's rudder az. ; motto : Non sibi sed orbi. The 
family seal was at Sarington, in Nottinghamshire. In 1635 
Edward Shiiiinan, a refugee from religious pei-secution, 
came to America in company with Hugh Petei-s, John 
Davenport and Theodore Feiiwick, and settled at Say- 
brook, Connecticut. From him the American branches of 
the family are descended. J. G. Shipman's grandfather 
was one of the first settlers of Morrislown, New Jersey, 
assisting in the erection of the fii-st house built there ; three 
of his uncles served with credit through the revolutionary 
war, and another relative, James Shipman, died aboard the 
old Jersey jirison-ship in Wallabout Bay. lie graduated at 
Unrou College, in the class of 1842, which included also 
Clarkson N. Potter and William A. Beach, of the New 
York bar, entering soon after his graduation the law office 
of William C. Morris, of Belvideie, remaining there until 
admitted to the bar, in 1S44. On his admission he imme- 
diately began to practise, his fli^t cause having been the 
celebrated Carter and Pail; murder case, in which he was 
retained by the State, the opening of the prosecution falling 
to him. In the performance of this part he displayed such 



kill in management, as at once to attract the attention of 
the bar and the public, introducing him to a practice which, 
nurtured by the qualities that planted it, has grown to be 
one of the Largest and most lucrative in the St.ate. He has 
been engaged in a number of important criminal cases, 
among which may be mentioned the celebrated case of the 
Rev. J. S. Hardin, convicted and hung for wife murder, 
and that of the Frenchman, Peter Cucle, of Morristown, 
New Jersey. He practises extensively in all the courts of 
the State and of the United States, in one of the former of 
which he argued successfully, in 1S61, a case of exceptional 
importance, involving the right of a State to tax the traffic 
in coal passing through it from another State. The high 
quality of his professional character may be inferred from 
the fact that he is counsel for the Delaware, Lackawanna & 
Western Railroad, the Morris Canal, the Belvidere National 
Bank, the Phillipsburg National Bank, and other corpora- 
tions. Few lawyei-s in the State manage so great a number 
of really important cases as he, particularly in railroad liti- 
gation and chancery practice. He is remarkable for what 
may be called the faculty of logical constructiveness, enr 
abling him with surprising ease to master and unfold .all the 
intricacies of a case from the simple developments of the 
trial as it proceeds. This faculty, rare in all but the greatest 
lawyers, and not always possessed by them, is in itself suf- 
ficient to stamp him as one of the foremost members of the 
profession. He is perhaps the ablest lawyer in the Slate, 
taken in all departments of the law. Mr. Shipman is a 
pronounced and prominent Republican, and was for a long 
lime a member of the Republican State Executive Commit- 
tee. He is held in great esieem by his party. He has 
never sought office, but office mnj- be Said to have sought 
him, his political friends having frequently urged him to 
stand for the highest places in the Stale. As a political 
speaker he is extremely effective. He is a member of the 
Presbyterian Church, of which he has been a Ruling Elder 
for twenty years, and during most of this period Superin- 
tendent or Assistant Superintendent of the Sabbath-school, 
and at all times a consistent and liberal supporter of school 
and church ahke. He was married in 1S45 to a daughter 
of W. C. Morris, Esq., of Belvidere. His son, Geo. M., is a 
member of the New Jersey bar, and since 1873 has been his 
law partner, the firm being J. G. Shipman & Son. For one 
year (1868) Mercer Beasly, Jr., sun of Chief-Juslice Beaaly, 
was his partner. 



IIIPMAN, CAPTAIN WILLIAM M., Merchant, 
of Chnlon, and brother of the subject of the fore- 
going sketch, was born, April 22d, 1823, near 
Hope, Warren county. New Jersey. Beginning 
his studies at the country ]iublic schools, he com- 
pleted his education at .Si. Luke's .Seminary, and 
for a short time afterward was engaged in leaching. In 



BIOGRArillCAL ENCYCLOr.EDIA. 



381 



1S46, when the mineral resources of the Wyoming and 
Lacl<awanna regions began first to be utilized, he secured 
an appointment with the then managers of the Lackawanna 
Coal and Iron Company, G. W. & S. T. Scranton. Here he 
remained for five years, and here gained his thorough 
knowledge of business that has made him successful where 
so many others have failed. From 1S51 to 1853 he was 
enoa^ed in the wholesale trade in New York, after which 
he established himself in Somerville, in partnership with 
W. G. Steele, in a general mercantile business. In 1S56 
the business was removed to Clinton, Hunterdon county. 
New Jersey, and in 1861 his partner, Mr. Steele, having 
been elected to Congress, Captain Shipman purchased his 
interest and h.ai since continued — excepting three years dur- 
ing the war — the business in his own name. When war 
was declared he assisted General Taylor in raising recruits, 
making a recruiting office of his store. He received an ap- 
pointment from Governor Charles S. Olden to the 15th 
New Jersey Regiment; but owing to the enlistment of his 
nephew, D. E. Hicks, a gallant young soldier who was 
killed while charging the rebel works at Chancellorsville, 
•with whom he had an arrangement to leave the care of his 
business, he was unable to accept the commission from 
Governor Olden. On the 2d day of May, 1863, he was ap- 
pointed Provost Marshal of the Third Congressional Dis- 
trict of New Jersey, the appointment carrying with it the 
rank of Captain of Cavalry. He established his head- 
quarters at Somerville, but at the end of a year removed to 
Elizabeth, the latter town, though less central than the for- 
mer, affording better facilities for the subsistence of troops. 
Until the war ended he held the position, not only to 
the satisfaction of the War Department, but to the satis- 
faction of the people of the district, the thankless duties 
of his office being discharged in so obviously an impartial 
manner as to leave no room for cavilling. His success was 
the more remarkable, since the people in many portions of 
the district had openly avowed their intentions to resist the 
draft, and had actually organized for this purpose. Only 
Ihe knowledge that the provost marshal was a man of the 
utmost firmness of character, and would without hesitation 
use the forces at his command to maintain the authority 
of the government, prevented draft-riots in his district as 
violent as those which occurred in New York city. Early 
in 1864 Captain Shipman became convinced that fraudulent 
naval certificates of muster were being extensively circu- 
lated in his district, and by calling the immediate attention 
of Commodore Paulding (who was then in command at the 
Brooklyn Navy Yard) to the fact, caused an order to be 
issued by him that at once put an end to their circulation in 
the Third District, and saved the people of the district from 
being defrauded, as many others were, by the sale to the 
township committees of these fraudulent papers. After the 
last draft had been made, and the quotas of the several 
wards and townships h.ad been filled, a number of gentle- 
men, belonging variously to the several township and 



ward coraniittccs, and headed I)y julin T. Jenkins, then 
postmaster of llie city of New Brunswick, united in pre- 
senting Captain Shipman witli an elegant gold watch and 
chain, accompanied by a very compHmentary letter, ex- 
pressing their appreciation of the impartial manner in which 
the arduous duties of the office had been performed, ami 
concluding as follows : " We ask you to accept the enclosed 
watch and chain as a memento of our resjject for you as a 
gentleman of unimpeachable integrity and for the faithful 
and kind manner in which you have discharged the duties 
of your office." Coming, as this testimonial did, when the 
business of the provost marshal's office was practically at an 
end, and when the donors had no selfish ends to comiwss 
in securing the favor of the donee, its value was infinitely 
enhanced. Captain Shipman replied, thanking the gentle- 
men for the elegant and costly gift and for the kind expres- 
sions of personal regard for himself, disclaiming, however, 
that all the credit was due to himself for the successful and 
impartial manner in which the business of the office had 
been conducted, but that quite as much was due to his as- 
sociates in the Board of Enrolment, Dr. Ezra M. Hunt, 
Commissioner, and Dr. Robert Wescott, Surgeon. Captain 
Shipman's official duties were discharged, as has been al- 
ready slated, not less satisfactorily to the War Department 
than to his fellow- citizens, and on the i6th of November, 
1S65, he received an honorable discharge from the military 
service of the United States. When peace was restored he 
made, in company with Colonel W. Henry, an extended 
tour through the Southern States, with a view to purchasing 
property and engaging in the cultivation of cotton. Owing, 
however, to the still unsettled condition of affairs in the 
South, he abandoned this plan, and, returning to Clinton, 
repurchased the business that he had disposed of three years 
previously upon accepting the position of Provost Marshal 
of the Third District. In politics he was, until the forma- 
tion of the Republican party, a Whig; and has been, since 
the Republican organization came into existence, one of 
the most earnest of its supporters. Captain Shipman was 
married in 1S51 to Samantha A. Furman, daughter of 
Moore Furman Esq., late of Scranton, Pennsylvania. 



ULL, HENRY, a Minister of the Gospel in the 
Society of Friends, late of Stanford, New York, 
was born at Harrison's Purchase, New York, in 
March, 1765, but early in life removed with his 
parents, Tiddeman and Elizabeth Hull, to the 
place of his late residence. It appears, from his 
own account, that he was favored with the tendering im- 
pressions of heavenly love very early in life ; yet, through 
unwatchfulness, sometimes gave way to the follies incident 
to youth, which brought condemnation; but by yielding 
to the renewed visitation of love and mercy, through the 



3S2 



BIOGRAnnCAL ENCYCLOr.EDIA. 



refining operation of the Divine power upon his heart, 
he became quahfied for usefulness in the church. It was 
notably about the year 17S5 that his exercises and conflict 
of spirit were great, and that he became impressed with 
the belief that he should have to stand forth as a public 
advocate for that cause " which is dignified by immortality, 
and crowned with eternal life." lie travelled much in 
the ministry, in different parts of the United States and 
Canada; was specially and importantly identified with the 
growth and spread, in New Jersey, New York, Maine and 
New Hampshire, of Friends' societies; and, having for 
several years felt his mind drawn, in the love of the gospel, 
to pay a religious visit to Friends of Great Britain and Ire- 
land, embarked at New York for England in the summer 
of iSlo. He w.as kindly received across the Atlantic, and 
visited the meetings generally; while, from certificates fur- 
nished him, it appears that his labors were truly acceptable 
and edifying to Friends in that country. While abroad he 
wrote an address, in gospel love, to the youth, which was 
extensively circulated in Europe, and afterward reprinted 
in his native State. Upon his return home, in 1S12, his 
time was considerably occupied in visiting the various 
meetings in the east and northeast. In I0I4, and subse- 
quently until his decease, he performed several extensive 
journeys within the different yearly meetings in the United 
States. " Not depending upon past experience, but seeking 
a renewed qualification for services in the church, and being 
careful to attend to the voice of the true Shepherd, he be- 
came a pillar in the church Being quick of discern- 
ment in the fear of the Lord, he early bore his testimony 
against an unsound and spurious ministry, and the many 
departures from the wholesome order of society, and was 
zealous for the support of the good order and discipline of 
the church." His ministry was sound, clear and edifying; 
manifesting a tenderness and fervor of spirit which showed 
that he was deeply impressed with the doctrines that he 
preached. In the summer of 1S34 his mind was drawn to 
attend the yearly meetings of Ohio and Indiana, " and his 
peace consisted in standing resigned to the service, notwith- 
standing his age and constitutional debility." Speaking of 
a memorable experience in New Jersey, he says in the 
" Memoirs" : " I took passage in the steamboat, and reached 
Rahvvay, where I met Richard Hartshorne, and was greeted 
by him with the cordiality of true Christian friendship. I 
entered on the service which drew me from my home by 
attending the monthly meeting held at Plainfield, the day 
following the quarterly meeting for business, and afterward 
one for worship; in which meetings the cementing influ- 
ence of gospel love was very precious, an endearing affec- 
tion engaging the minds of Friends toward each other, in 
M'hich they encouraged one another to press toward the 
mark of the prize of their high calling of God in Christ 
Jesus." Meetings of remarkable power and sweetness were 
then held (in 1833-34) at Kingwood, Hardwick, Randolph, 
Plainfield, Stony Brook, Trenton, Crosswicks, Burlington, 



Tuckerton, Haddonfield, Salem Quarter, and many other 
places, and in almost every case were attended by glorious 
and lasting results. Soon after the close of the Ohio yearly 
meeting he was confined to his room by a painful illness; 
and on the 23d of the ensuing October quietly breathed 
his last. In 1785 he was married to the late Sar.ah Hal- 
lock, daughter of Edward Hallock ; and again, in 1S14, to 
Sarah Cooper, of New Jersey. 



OBBINS, HON. SAMUEL A., of Burlington 
county, Farmer and Member of Congress from 
the Second District of New Jersey, was born, 
April I4lh, 1S14, in the original township of 
North Hampton — now known as .South Hampton 
— Burlington county, and is a son of Samuel and 
Elizabeth (Scroggy) Dobbins. His father was engaged in 
agricultural pursuits, and both his parents v\ere natives of 
New Jei'sey. Kis maternal grandfather, Thomas -Scroggv, 
was a soldier of the revolutionary war, and an officer under 
General AVashington. He was with the latter at the cross- 
ing of the Delaware, prior to the battle of Trenton, and was 
a participant in that contest. He served throughout Ihe 
war, and although he was several limes wounded, yet re- 
covered and lived many years thereafter; he died in 1S28, 
at a very advanced age. Samuel A. Dobbins received a 
very good education, attending both the common and pri- 
vate schools until he attained his majority, generally work- 
ing on his father's farm during the fair months of the year, 
and devoting the winter to study. When twenty-two years 
old he married and commenced farming on his own ac- 
count, and has ever since that time followed Ihe avocation 
of a husbandman. About the year 1846 he commenced his 
political career, serving on the township committees for 
some years, and at a later period filled the position bf 
Chosen Freeholder for the term of three years. In 1S54 
he was elected by the Whigs of Burlington county to the 
Sheriffalty, and annually thereafter until the usual three 
years had elapsed. In 1S58 he was elected by the Repub- 
licans to the lower branch of the State Legislature, and re- 
elected three times successively. While a member of that 
body he served with much ability on several important 
committees, among which were those on Agriculture, the 
State Prison, the Insane Asylum, etc. In the fall of 1872 
he was elected by the Republicans of the Second Congres- 
sional District as their representative in the Federal Legis- 
lature, and was reelected in 1874. In that body he was 
a member of the Committee on Patents from the tinre he first 
took his seat, and also on that of Revolutionary Claims, and 
Claims during the War of 1812. He has been an active 
politician for the past thirty years, and has been actively 
engaged in many campaigns, delivering addresses through- 
out the State in every important canvass. He is a forcible 



i;iograp:;icai, r.NcvcLor.T;niA. 



speaker, and always creates enthusiasm among his listeners. 
He was a Delegate to the National Convention wlien 
Anilrew Johnson was nominated for Vice-President. He 
has always taken a great interest in the temperance move- 
ment, and in 1S40 was one of the charter-members of the 
Division of Sons of Temperance which organized at Mount 
Holly in that year. During the year 1S44 he was Grand 
Worthy Patriarch of the State Division. For nearly twenty 
years he has heen a Trustee cf the Pennington Seminary, 
and for the past ten years President of the Board. He was 
one of the corporators, and since its organization, a member 
of the Board of Directors of the Union National Pank, of 
Mount Holly. He was married, February 4th, 1S35, to 
Damaris Harker, of New Jersey. 



ALE, REV. GEORGE, D. D., seventh P.-istor 
of Hopewell Church, Pennington, New Jersey, 
was a native of the State of New Vork. After 
]iui-suing a preliminary course of studies at Wil- 
liams College, he graduated from that institution 
in 1S31, subsequently entered Princeton Theo- 
logical .Seminary as a student, and there was graduated in 
1S3S. January 2d, 1839, he was called to the pastorate of 
Hopewell Church, Pennington, New Jersey, and in the 
winter of 1S41-42 presided over a great revival in the 
church, which swept over Pennington and its vicinity like a 
purifying storm. Ey Sablialh, the 20th of March, 1S42, 
when a sacramental service was held, the beneficent results 
were made manifest. On that day one hundred and twelve 
stood up to enter into covenant with God and his church, 
and sat down for the first time at the communion table ; of 
this number eighty persons were baptized, while the whole 
number gathered into the visible church through this worl; 
of grace was one hundred and thirty-two, forty-nme of whom 
were heads of f.imilies. The hopeful converts were of 
every age, from twelve up to eighly-two. This revival of 
1S41-42 prepared the way for the organization of the Titus- 
ville Church in 1S44. There w.as another re\ival in the 
year 1S46. As a result, fifly-six names were added to the 
communion roll ; while the effects of this desirable awaken- 
ing were continued through the years of 1S47-4S. From 
1S50 to 1S53 there were several minor revivals which 
cheered llie jiastor in his efforts, and incited him to still 
greater exertions in the gracious field of conversion. The 
winter of 1S57-5S heralded another notable revival, of 
which the jiastor made a record at the time : " It has pleased 
God recently to visit the church of Pennington, New Jersey, 
with a gr.acious outpouring of the Holy Spirit, as the result 
of which sixty persons have united with the church by a 
public profession of the faith." Of this number there were 
ten husb.ands with their wives ; ten female heads of families, 
tlnee of whom were the w-ives of church members; and 
five male heads of families, who were husbands of comma 



nicants — making in all Ihiily-five he.ids of families. The 
remainder were single persons of both sexes ranging from 
the age of sixteen upward; of the sixty, Iwenly-two were 
males and thirty-eight were females. "Among them are 
found the children of the coven.ant and the lineal descend- 
ants in the fourth and fiflh generation of the godly men 
who, nearly a century and a half ago, laid the found.ations 
of this church, as well as some of the posterity of a former 
pastor who labored faithfully among this people for almost 
half a century." On the iClh of November, 1863, being 
the twenty-fifth anniversary of the day 'on which he began 
his regular labors in Hoiiewell Church, he preached a 
"Quarter- Century Sermon," from Psalm Ixviii. 28. Dur- 
ing his ministry of thirty years, 513 persons were added to 
the church on profession, and 127 by certificate; there were 
356 baptized in infancy, and there were 550 funerals, and 275 
marriages. In 1S67, in consideration of his manifold and 
harassing labors, with not a day of relaxation through a 
period so protracted, he was cordially granted leave of ab- 
sence for six months. On Saturday, May 25th, he sailed 
from New Vork for Havre, France, on the steamer *' Guid- 
ing Star," and on his return in the ".\rago," from Falmoulh, 
England, landed in New Vork, and arrived safely at Pen- 
nington, New Jersey, on the evening of Thursday, Novem- 
ber I4lh, 1S67. On Friday two hundred of the congrega- 
tion met at Evergreen Hall, of that place, and there 
tendered him a hearty and inspiriting welcome. February 
nth, 1S69, he was elected, by the Trustees of the General 
Assembly, the Secretary of the Fund for Disabled iSImisters 
and their families, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the 
death of Rev. Joseph II. Jones, D. D. Upon the accept- 
ance of the appointment, he offereil a letter of resignation 
to Hopewell Church, March 2<1, 1869, and on the 7th of 
this month the pastoral relation was dissolved. 



^G/f ANEWAV, REV. JACOB JONES, D. D., Presby- 
terian Clergyman, Vice President of Rutgers Col- 
lege, Trustee of the New Jersey College, late of 
New Brunswick, New Jersey, was born in the 
city of New Vork, November 20th, 1774, of 
George Janeway and Effie (Ten Eyck) Janeway, 
and grew up amid the religious influences which surrounded 
him from his birth. His mother was a cultured and pious 
woman, and in his journal he often speaks of her with rev- 
erence and affection. .She died soon after his entrance on 
the ministry, afier a period of harassing illness. His parents 
were members of the Reformed Dutch Church. His father, 
an ardent Whig, was compelled to leave, with lii^ family, 
when the British troops took jiossession of New Vork. 
During the seven years of exile the family removed re- 
])eatedly, as New Jersey was ravaged by the frequent incur 
sions of the enemy. At the close of the war and on the 
evacuation of the city, the family returned, and there he 



% 



384 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 



remained during the whole coui-se of his education. From 
the excellent " Life " of his father, by Thomas L. Janeway, 
is taken the following: " Two centuries ago there existed 
in England, and not far fioni London, a remarkable family, 
bearing the nimj of Janeway — remarkable, not for anything 
which the world esteems, but for tlie eminent holiness which 
adorned them. William, the father, was a minister of 
Christ, together with fjur of his sons, and the holy life and 
triumphant de.^th of his son, John, is cherished amid the 
sacred literature of the English language. A descendant 
of this holy seed was an officer in the royal navy, in the 
reign of Wdliam III., and on a visit with his ship to this 
country, purchased property on Manhattan Island, on the 
edge of New York, which then hardly passed the present 
Park and City Hall. Returning at a subsequent period to 
New York, he intermarried with Mrs. De Meir, and became 
a resident. He was intrusted with the charter of Trinity 
Church, granted by Queen Anne, of which church he was 
named by the crown as one of the vestrymen, and brought the 
charter to America. His death, judging from the probate 
of his will, was about the year 170S." His only son and 
surviving child, Jacob Janeway, settled, on arriving at man's 
estate, in Somerset county. New Jersey, where he died in 
early manhood, leaving a widow and three children. One 
of these, a daughter, died in her minority, and the eldest 
son, ^Villiam, was lost at sea. The survivor, George, bereft 
of his father when but four years of age, and of his mother 
when twelve, grew up in ignorance of his right to the prop- 
erty purchased by his grandfather, and which had been 
seized and was held by the city corporation. With his 
characteristic energy, he indentured himself to a carpenter, 
and assiduously applied himself to his business. On reach- 
ing his twenty-first year, aided by friends, he commenced a 
suit against the city for the recovery of his property, and 
after several years of the law's delay, recovered about one- 
half of the patrimony nf his fathers. He lived a long life, 
honored by his contemporaries; as Alderman, intrusted 
with important duties, and died in his eighly-fifth year, from 
mere decay of nature and without any aj>parent disease. 
Lentil the age of eleven years he went to an English school, 
then commenced the study of Latin and Greek preparatory 
to college life. At fifteen he entered Columbia College and 
took its full course of four years. Subsequently, on his re- 
covery from a violent attack of scarlet fever, he turned ar- 
dently to religion ; for the fear of death and anxieties about 
his soul had wrought in him conviction for sin. He was 
then urged by Dr. Livingston to repose on the imputed 
righteousness of Christj and his mind gradually obtained 
composure. " From this time X began to reform my life, 

and read the sacred Scriptures " May 15th he made 

a confession of his faith, and was received into full commu- 
nion with the church. In 1795 he narrovvly escaped death 
in falling from his horse, but escaped the yellow-fevv, which 
was then raging with such terrible results in New York. 
The year 1797 found him diligent in the use of the means 



of grace, and seeking growth in the divine life. He then 
became a pupil of Rev. Dr. J. H. Livingston, professor of 
theology in the Reformed Dutch Church, and under him 
prosecuted the study of Hebrew, etc. Thursday, Novem- 
ber 30th, 1797, he was licensed to preach by the Classis of 
New York; and while still under the paternal roof, em- 
braced every opportunity of preaching in the pulpits of the 
city, and of making occasional excursions to the city. In 
company with the late Rev. Dr. J. N. Abeel, he made a 
journey of some two thousand miles, much of it in the 
saddle, mainly in pursuit of health, which had been much 
shattered by the ardor of his studies. Much of the journey 
was performed through New Englamd, and, while at 
Charlestown, he preached fjr Dr. Morse, at the old South 
Church, in Boston, Massachusetts. At this period his 
thoughts were directed to a mission among the North 
American Indians, and he offered himself to those who had 
charge of the infant missions of that day. He afterward 
received an urgent request from Rev. Dr. Ashbel Green, 
then sole pastor of the Second Presbyterian Church, Phila- 
delphia, to remove thither with a view to a settlement. The 
yellow fever then prevailing, however, it was judged prudent 
to defer his visit until the pestilence had passed. In the 
close of the year he preached in Philadelphia with such ac- 
ceptance that he was unanimously called as a colleague 
with Dr. Green. This church was then, as it was during 
the whole of his pastorate, rich in the eldership. Men of 
high social position and of eminent piety served that people 
in the gospel of Christ ; among them were such names as 
Latimer, Jandon, Smith, Henry, Ralston, etc. June 13th, 
1799, he was ordained by the Presbytery of Philadelphia, in 
company with John Blair Linn, William Latta, John E. 
Latta, and Buckley Carl. In the summer of 1S03 the eyes 
of his church were turned toward the desolations in the 
Northern Liberties, or Campington, whose population was 
increasing, and as it lay north of the Arch Street Church, it 
was regarded as its peculiar domain and field of culture. 
It was to be an outlaying post, and when able to sustain the 
gospel, to be separate. The connection continued, how- 
ever, for ten or twelve years, and it was served by the col- 
league pastors of the Second Church. During the hot season 
of 1805, Dr. Milledoler being absent, and Mr. Potts pros- 
trated by sickness, the care of all the city churches devolved 
on him, "the most youthful preacher of them all.'' As the 
era of missions dawned on the American church, he mani- 
fested a deep interest in its hastening, was familiar with 
every movement of the church in relation thereto, and re- 
joiced greatly in the advancement of every project and en- 
terprise. He preached a sermon in order to raise funds to 
aid British Christians in their efforts to translate the holy 
word into the dialects of Hindoostan, and was a zealous 
coworker with Robert Ralston, Captain Wickes, and other 
pious laborers. In the fall of 1807 he visited Newark, 
New Jersey, to attend a memorable reviv.al there in 
progress, and preached sermons while thus engaged. In 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.-EDIA. 



3SS 



iSoS " politics ran high, and Philadelphia was the head- 
nuaiters of the excitement. The old Federal party was fast 
losin<i its power. War with Great Britain was advocated 
by one party, and deprecated by the other. The rancorous 
debates were unfavorable to religion, and the hopes of the 
pious were mocked then, as they have been since. He 
would have been more than human, not to have felt some 
of the influences around him. But we see from his journal 
Ihe jealous guard he maintained over his heart." Late in 
l8oS, he, in union with others, entered upon measures to 
establish a Bible society to promote the circulation of the 
word of God. He was one of the four who issued the cir- 
cular to their lirethren of other denominations, to meet in 
solemn deliberation on this, the fii-st series of measures, 
" which have resulted in such good to our country and the 
world." It was on December nth, 1808, that the prepara- 
tory meeting was held, and when a constitution previously 
drafted was adopted, he, with Dr. Benjamin Rush, Robert 
Ralston, and Dr. Green, " were the men who were honored 
of God to inaugurate the new movement of mercy." It 
was the pioneer movement of the kind in the United States, 
and was followed by similar action throughout the land ; 
and, during his life, the venerable Bishop White was the 
chief officer of the Philadelphia establishment. In 1G12 he 
published his " Letters on the Abrahamic Covenant," as 
establishing the right of the children of believing parents to 
the ordinance of baptism. " He entertained higli ideas of 
the precious nature of the privilege, and the bounden duty 
of Christian parents to present their infant offspring to God. 
He did not merely defend the received faith of God's 
church on this matter, but ever insisted upon it as a part of 
our covenant obligations, from which we could not escape 
without sin." He was appointed in 1S12 to organize the 
First Presbyterian Church in the Northern Liberties, but 
continued, in exchange with the minister succeeding him, to 
preside in a measure over his old pastorate. Early in 1S14 
he preached in the Presbyterian church at New Brunswick, 
vacant by the decease of Dr. Clark, on their invitation ; and 
in April received a unanimous call, which he accepted. 
About this lime, also, the College at Middlebury, Vermont, 
conferred on him the degree of Doctor in Divinity. During 
the year 1819 he preached a notable sermon, as Moderator 
of the General Assembly, " full of honest warnings, which 
proved abundantly prophetic." In May, 1827, he was 
elected Professor of Theology in the newly-erected Western 
Theological Seminary, established at AUeghenytown, Penn- 
sylvania, by the General Assembly, with great unanimity. 
"After solemn and mature reflection, and after, by prayer 
and fasting, seeking to know the will of God, to the great 
joy of his people he declined the call." In the following 
spring he took a prominent part, until attacked by sickness, 
in the proceedings of the meeting of the Directors of the 
Theological Seminary at Princeton, New Jersey. In 1S28 
he visited Pittsburgh, and finally was inaugurated IVofessor 
during the meeting of the Synod, when he delivered his in- 
49 



augural address, which, with Dr. Swift's address, was pub- 
lished by the directors. In 1829 he returned with his 
household to Philadelphia, and eventually severed his con- 
nection with the seminary. In April, 1830, he removed to 
New Brunswick, New Jersey, and became pastor of the 
First Reformed Dutch Church. " The duties were onerous. 
His preaching was extended to the country partS' — his visit- 
ing laborious." He then labored in New York, in Orchard 
street, for a short time. In May, 1833, he was elected by 
the General Synod of the Reformed Dutch Church, Vice- 
President of Rutgers College and' Professor of Belles- 
Lettres and Ihe Evidences of Christianity, and settled 
definitely in New Brunswick, which was his home during 
the remainder of his life. On the retirement of Dr. Mille- 
doler he was offered, but declined, the presidency of this 
institution. In 1S39 he resigned his offices in the college, 
and at the same time returned to the Presbyteiian Church, 
wherein he believed was offered a wider field of influence. 
He was then elected a Trustee in the College of New Jer- 
sey, which office he h.id vacated on his removal to the 
West; and the General Assembly replaced him in the 
Directors' Board of the Seminary at Princeton, with whose 
earliest movements he had been connected. He was 
placed also on the Executive Committee of the Foreign 
Board of Missions, and to its funds he gave the largest of 
his contributions. " We have now come to the later stages 
of his life, still filled with active labor in the work of his 
Master. Matters connected with the movement of the 
Bible Society interested him. He had been her life-long 
friend, and he was true to the end of his days. The dis- 
tribution of Bibles, chiefly through the county society, occu- 
pied his attention. He gave regularly and largely to its 
funds, and manifested great interest in the resupply of the 
State of New Jersey." He became greatly interested also 
in the erection of a new Presbyterian church in New Bruns- 
wick, attended its worship, and gave largely to its support ; 
and when the present t.asteful edifice was erected, con- 
tributed of his own funds between four and five thousand 
dollars. In 1S50 " the heaviest sorrow of his life fell upon 
him ; the wife of his youth sickened and died." His views 
of the millennium increased the joy he ordinarily felt in re- 
vivals, and on the commencement of those works of mercy in 
185S, his soul was greatly refreshed and he grew eloquent 
with pious enthusiasm. In 1S57 his health was seriously 
assailed, and on Sabbath, January 31st, of the same year, he 
was confined to that bed from which he never arose. 
Disease obscured his mind and caused confusion and wan- 
dering, yet, on the subject of religion, or any exposition of 
the Scriptures, he was clear as ever. At the close of June 
he became unconscious, and lay for two or three days with- 
out any communion with the outer world ; and June 27lh, 
at sunset, he died. His funeral was attended in the First 
Presbyterian Church, where Rev. Dr. Hodge preached his 
funeral sermon. In April, 1S04, he was married to Martha 
G. Leiper, daughter of Thomas Lciper, a respectable and 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOr.EDIA. 



wealthy merchant of Pliil.idelphia. " The Bible was his 
great study, and other books only as they illustrated the 
word of God. In early life, while settled in the ministry, 
he had, in the interval of his parochial duties, paid much 
attention to the study of the prophecies, and especially in 
the great aspects of the decline and fall of Antichrist, and 

written much on this subject Himself a true patriot, 

he was deeply interested in the welfare of his native land ; 
and the sectional agitations which at times threatened it 
were for him a great grief He published ' Hope for My 
Country,' as an exposition of his views, and as such it was 
warmly received by the clergy and the public in general. 
The duty of pastoral visitation he recognized and practised, 
and his systematic habits enabled him to accomplish much 
in this mattter. Of it he made a conscience, though he 
often complained of want of disposition and talent to drop a 
word for God, and render his visits more practical." 



'STAUGH, JOHN, late of Iladdonfield, New Jer- 
sey, was born in Keldevon, Essex county, Eng- 
land, February 23d, 1776, of estimable parents; 
but he grew uneasy with the religious professions 
of both father and mother (ihey being of different 
persuasions), and being a seeker, fell in with tlic 
Baptists, and " liked them so well, he was on the point of 
joining them ; but a Friend, a neighbor, being dead, it so 
happened that he was invited to the burial," where that 
worthy minister of the gospel, Francis Stamper, of London, 
being led to speak with life and power directly to his state, 
it made such deep impressions on his tender mind that he 
at once entered upon a search into the principles of Friends, 
and findnig that he could conscientiously be one with them 
in belief and sentiment, joined with their society in the 
seventeenth year of his age. A year later he came forth in 
the ministry, and grew in his gift, so that in some time he 
travelled to visit Friends in America, and, having the unity 
of the brethren, embarked in iSoo, and "was enabled by 
the great hand that drew him forth to perform that service 
to the great satisfaction of Friends and the reward of peace 
in himself.' Being then, and for some time after, freed from 
any concern to travel in the service of t ruth , he married and set- 
tled at Haddonfield, New Jersey. " In the forepart of his time 
he travelled pretty much; but in latter part he was troubled 
with an infirmity in his head, which rendered him unfit for the 
service." After several years of indisposition he finally re- 
covered so far as to be strong enough to endure with safety 
the fatigue of a long journey, and then was filled with a 
concern to visit Friends at Tortola. This brought on him 
a deep exercise, but when he was confirmed that it was 
really required of him so to do, he abandoned himself en- 
tirely and gratefully to the teachings of the inward monitor. 
He first wrote to them, but finding that this would not 
excuse him, dared delay no longer. August Slh, 1S42, ac- 



cordingly he departed on his mission; September Slh he 
arrived at the house of John Pickering with his companion, 
John Cadvvalader, and was there fittingly welcomed. He 
retained his health untd the death of his beloved associate, 
when, on the occasion of his burial, he was drenched with 
rain, and soon after attacked by a severe cold. On the fol- 
lowing day he went to a small island called Jos Vandicks, 
accompanied by several friends; but on the next morning 
complained very much. lie persisted, however, in attend- 
ing meeting, and while there ** extended his voice as a 
trumpet of the Lord's own sounding, but was so inwardly 
spent he was ready to faint." He went on board the sloop 
that afternoon, and next morning was prostrated by a shiver- 
ing fit and high fever, which kept its constant course every 

day And though the last two days he was in much 

pain, yet he was preserved under it in much patience and 
resignation, and had his ]ierfect senses to the last, exhorting 
Friejids to faithfulness, etc. And on the Sixth day of the 
Tenth month, about six o'clock at night, he went away like 
a lamb, Vith praises and thanksgivings in his lips but about 
two minutes before. At the .Monthly Meeting at Haddon- 
field, New Jersey, Noveml)er 9lh, 1843, a touching tribute 
to his memory was signed by sorrowing Friends. October 
1st, 1S02, he was married to Elizabeth, his loving and 
devoted wife. 



ORSE, DR. ISAAC, Physician, late of Elizabeth, 
w.'.s born in Rahway, New Jersey, August 5th, 
175S, of parents who were respected members of 
the Society of Friends. His ancestor, Robert 
Morse, arrived in Boston before 1644; his son, 
Robert the second, was born in the Elizabelhtown 
grants; his son, Robert the third, came into the world at the 
same place. His father, Joseph Morse, was also born at 
Elizabeth in 1709, and died in 1779. "He was a short, 
stout man, with a partially bald head. His society was uni- 
versally courted, and, while overflowing with mirthfulness, 
he had courage, firmness, constancy, and perseverance." 
He was a student of Dr. William Barnet, under whose able 
preceptorship he acquired an extensive knowledge of the 
theory and practice of medicine. The following anecdote 
related of him exhibits him in a characteristic light : "A 
sloop was loaded with hay half-mast-high, going from 
Morse's Mill to New York. She got foul of an English 
vessel. The captain cried out, 'Cut the infernal Yankee 
shallop's rigging and let her drift.' The doctor, who was 
on board, called to his colored man to give him a firebrand. 
Mounting the hay, he cried out in a loud tone, ' I will fire 
the hay.' Said the frightened Englishman, ' We shall drift 
down to Hell Gate.' Said the doctor, 'You shan't stop at 
the gates of hell. If you cut one of my ropes.' The doctor 
was then invited on board the English vessel, and treated. 
When asked if there were any more like him, he replied, 



niOGR.VrillCAL ENCVCLOIVEDIA. 



*I nm not a circutn=.tance to our people generally.' " He 
owned a nseless slave, Pete, who went off in one of Wil- 
liam Gibbons' steamers. He sued Gibbons and recovered 
three hundred dollars. He told Gibbons afterward that if 
he brought him back he would sue him for three hundred 
more. Said Mr. Gibbons, " Did you not want him ? " 
" No, I offered him twenty dollars to run away and never 
come back." .... Although a very accomplished scholar, 
and a charming and intelligent companion, a skilful practi- 
tioner, and a brilliant conversationalist when so inclined, he 
was so fond of practical jokes, that he was not unfrequently 
rude. Stories of his management of hypochondriacs, his 
practical pleasantries, and his facetious acts, full of humor, 
always kind in intent, if apparently harsh, could be multi- 
plied to any extent. He died, after a life of great usefulness 
and considerable brilliancy, at Elizabeth, New Jersey, July 
23d, 1825. 

^°!^ARRISON, JOHN D., Patent Leather Manufac- 
turer, was born in Morris county. New Jersey, in 
October, 1S29. He is a son of Henry Harrison, 
a native of Orange, New Jersey, and a grandson 
of Captain Thomas Harrison, also a native of 
Orange, and a revolutionary soldier. On the ma- 
ternal side likewise he is of revolutionary stock, his mother, 
whose maiden name was Pamela De Hart, having de- 
scended from the De Harts famous in the war of independ- 
ence. He received a very thorough education, attending 
first the select schools of Omnge, and finally the celebrated 
school of Dr. Wicks, at Newark. On leaving school he 
proceeded to learn the art of manufacturing patent leather, 
in which his brother, Charles H. Harrison, was already a 
proficient, and a few years later entered into partnership with 
his brother, under the name of C. H. & J. D. Harrison, for 
the prosecution of that business. A notice of the firm will 
be found in a sketch of the senior member in another part 
of this work. The junior member, it may be said here, 
however, has borne his share in the conduct of the business 
of the firm, and is entitled proportionately to the credit of 
its signal success. At the same time he has been somewhat 
largely interested in outside matters, especially in public 
affairs, for which he has shown a decided aptitude. He is 
a zealous and active member of the Republican party, of 
which he is a prominent leader in the city of Newark. For 
two consecutive terms of two years each he represented the 
Thirteenth Ward of Newark in the r>oard of Aldermen of 
the city; and in February, 1875, he was elected Sheriff of 
Essex county, to fill the vacancy made by the death of David 
Canfield, who died a few months after his election, leaving 
unexpired nearly his full term of four years. He is, there- 
fore, the present incumbent of the sheriffalty, the responsible 
duties of which he has performed with the method and pre- 
cision to be expected from a business man of his high 
standing, and with the firmness and spirit natural to one 



whose veins are filled wilh rcvoUuionary Mood. The 
sheriffalty, particularly in a mixed and jiopulous couiTnuniiy, 
is one of the severest tests by which the manhood, integrity, 
and business capacity of a man can be tried, and it is to his 
abiding honor that he has borne this lest wilh credit. lie- 
sides serving his cily and county in the stations mentioned, 
he is a Director of the Manufacturers' Hank, of Newark, 
and also of the Merchants' Insurance Company. In short, 
he is in every relation a man of marked prominence and in- 
fluence in his community. He was married some years 
since to Marie Dean, of Newark. 



lERSON, HON. ISAAC, Physician and Surgeon, 
President of the Medical Society of New Jersey, 
late of Orange, New Jei'sey, was born there, Au- 
gust 15th, 1770, and became an intimate frieml 
and classmate of Dr. David Ilosack, of New York. 
His father. Dr. Matthias Pierson, a contemporary 
of Dr. John Condit, was also born in Orange, New Jersey, 
June 20th, 1734, where he spent his life in the practice of 
medicine, and died May 9th, 1S08. He was an alumnus 
of Nassau Hall, Princeton, a Fellow of the College of Phy- 
sicians and ,Surgeons, and in 1S27 was President of the 
Medical Society of New Jersey. He was also a member 
of the Twentieth and Twenty-first Congress of the United 
States. He was a distinguished and notably successful 
practitioner of medicine in Orange, .and its vicinity, for a 
period extending over forty yeai-s, and was -the father of 
Dr. William Pierson, Sr., " who is gl.id to share the mantle 
with his son, Dr. William Pierson, who will pr'obably secure 
the succession for at least another generation." Except in 
the case of Dr. John C. Budd, who was the son of Dr. 
Berne Budd, and the father of Dr. Berne W. Budd, and the 
grandfather of Professor Charles Budd and Dr. Berne Budd, 
of New York, none, of whom there is record in New Jersey, 
can boast of so long a medical ancestrj-. Cyrus Pierson, 
his brother-in-law, was born in South Orange, and was also 
an alumnus of Nassau Hall, Princeton ; he practised medi- 
cine in Orange, Woodbridge, Caldwell and Newark. 
While in the latter place he was a partner of Dr. Samuel 
Hays until his decease, October 7th, 1S04. 



G^_-v5oNDIT, HON. JOHN S., Physici.an, late of 
Newark, was born in Morristown, New Jersey, in 
i8oi, and was the nephew of John Condit, and a 
son of the late Hon. Silas Condit. In a sermon 
delivered in the Second Presbyterian Church, in 
Newark, April 7lh, 1S48, he is spoken of as a 
" highly respected fellow-citizen, who was passing the me- 
ridian of his days with a vigorous step." He was a gradu- 






388 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 



ate of Princeton College in 1S17 ; and, after studying law 
under the tutorship of the late Hon. Theodore Frelinghuy- 
sen, turned his attention to the study of medicine. He was 
a member successively of the Assembly and Senate of New 
Jersey. " Purity of private character, strong sense of moral 
obligations," are terms applied to him by a discriminating 
friend. He is spoken of also as " a man of strong moral 
convictions." The distinguished physician and statesman, 
Lewis Condict, of Morristown, who had three sons who 
were physicians, descended from a collateral branch of the 
family, which adhered to the ancient mode of spelling its 
name. He died, April 7th, 1S48, at the age of forty-seven 
years. 



>ALSTED, DR. ROBERT, Physician, Revolution- 
ary Patriot, was born in " Essex District," New 
Jersey, September 13th, 1 746. He was a leading 
and fearless citizen in the gloomy days of the 
contest with Great Britain, and a medical practi- 
tioner of unquestionable talent and sterling attain- 
ments. On one occasion a notorious Tory informed against 
him as a rebel and an aider and upholder of rebellion, and 
he was temporarily lodged in the old .Sugar House, in 
Liberty street, New York. On another occasion he saved 
the life of Colonel Aaron Ogden, who had been seriously 
wounded by the Hessians wliile out alone on a military re- 
connoissance. He was serious, and by some is spoken of 
as stern ; yet he was by all admired and respected, and was 
a patriot in a time when the title bore a significant and an 
eloquent meaning. He died 1S15-20. His younger brother, 
Caleb Halsted, was born in Elizabeth, New Jersey, Sep- 
tember 15th, 1752, and was also an eminent physician. 
July 15th, 1825, while confined to his house by illness, he 
received a visit from General Lafayette, and had the pleasant 
honor of entertaining that famous son of France. He was 
travelling at the time from Morristown, under the conduct 
of the late General Andruss, the father-in-law of Dr. Jabez 
G. Goble. During the French revolution, m.iny of the 
refugee nobility settled in and about Elizabeth, and most of 
these families came under his professional care. He died 
August iSth, 1S27, aged seventy-five years. 



o/J/fVUDD, DR. JOHN C, Physician, late of Orange, 
f3 )4'K^ was born in Morristown, New Jersey, May 26th, 
^"lll '/''-' ^"'^ studied under the supervision of Dr. 
^r^ John Condit, of Orange. His father, Dr. Bernard 
Budd, appears the first on the roll of fourteen who 
formed the New Jersey Medical Society in 1766, 
and was a surgeon in the revolutionary army. John Budd, 
his ancestor, was an English surveyor for the Lord Projirie- 
tors ; and in him was the title of Powles Hook, at Jersey 



City; also that of a great part of " German Valley," in 
Morris county. New Jersey. At eighty-three years of age 
he was perfectly erect, and had a pleasing, cheerful f.ice. 
" He was careless in dress and in his business habits; 
naturally preferred fun to professional toil, but was yet a 
skilful and trusted practitioner. His humane disposition 
rendered him a faithful physician, and his fine abilities and 
power of observation, a counsellor of unusual resources. 
He had the reputation, in those far-off wilch-burning times, 
of being able to raise the devil. It is said he had some- 
thing to do with the ' Morristown Ghost,' — but not dis- 
creditably — which created so much excitement in 177S and 
some years after." He had two famous prescriptions : one 
he called his Tincture Bot.anre, the other, his Diabolical 
Pill. " The first," he said, " I give when I don't know 
what else to do, for it is emmenagogue, sedative, cathartic, 
tonic, and expectorant, and cannot fail to hit somewhere." 
He died in Orange, New Jersey, January 12th, 1S45. 



j;OVE, JOHN J. H., Physician and Surgeon, of 
Montclair, was born in Harmony township, War- 
ren county. New Jersey, April 3d, 1833, and is 
the eldest son of Rev. Robert Love and Ann 
Thompson (Fair) Love. He was educated at 
Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania, and in 
due time graduated from that institution ; his medical de- 
gree was obtained in the medical department of the Univer- 
sity of New Y'ork ; and, before enlisting in the United 
States service, he practised his profession for a period of 
seven years at Montreal. July 19th, 1862, he was commis- 
sioned Surgeon of the 13th Regiment, New Jersey Volun- 
teers, and was mustered into the United States service 
.\ugust 25th, 1862. March 23d, 1S63, he was assigned to 
duty as Surgecn-in-Chief of the 3d Brigade, 1st Division, 
1 2th Army Corps, Army of the Potomac, whose offices he 
performed, in addition to his regimental duties, until August 
1st, 1863, when, under special orders froui corps head- 
qurrrters, he assumed the position and duties of Surgeon-in- 
Chief, 1st Division, 12th Army Corps. In this important 
station he was constantly engaged until January 28th, 1864, 
when he resigned his commission and was honorably dis- 
charged from the United States service. He was always 
engaged in field service, and May 5th, 1862, was sent out as 
a volunteer surgeon by Governor Olden, aird assisted in the 
transportation and care of the wounded after the battle of 
Williamsburg, Virginia. He was present and on duty also 
at the battles of Antietam, September 17th, 1862; Chan- 
cellorsville. May ist, 2d, 3d, 1S63; Gettysbm-g, July 1st, 2d, 
3d, 1S63; and assisted in caring for the wounded after the 
battles of Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge, near Chat- 
tanooga, Tennessee, in December, 1S63. In his opinion the 
medrcal history of the civil war has developed no one fact 




:c^^l^^^ 




BIOGRAPHICAL EN'CYCLOP.EDIA. 



3S9 



more prominently than tliat, to maintain an army in an 
efTective condition, a constant and enlightened attention 
must be given by the surgeons and officers to the laws of 
hygiene. Ileremarljs: " From ignorance of these laws the 
majority of tlie physicians commissioned to attend to the 
wants of the soldiers found themselves, when in active ser- 
vice, unable satisfactorily to discharge the duties devolving 
upon them; particularly was this the case with regimental 
surgeons from civil practice, who had left their homes with 
the iilea that their whole duty consisted in treating disease 
and operating. These soon learned that to prevent sick- 
ness in their commands was the primary object. And now 
that the war is over, and they have resumed civil practice, 
the knowledge gained of hygienic laws will be used in the 
prevention and amelioration of disease among our citizens. 
Surgeons in active field practice have little or no o]ipor- 
tunity to know the results of their practice. No matter 
liow interesting the case in its inception, when the termina- 
tion is unknown the facts are useless." He is now prac- 
ticing at Montclair, Essex county. 



/ 



jOANE, RT. REV. GEORGE WASHINGTON, 
D. D., LL. D., Bishop of New Jersey, late of 
Burlington, was born in Trenton, New Jersey, 
May 27th, 1799. His father, Jonathan Doane, 
was a well-known master builder and contractor; 
" he was a man of singular perseverance and 
high principle, commanding and handsome in his appear- 
ance, most loving and devoted in all his home relations, 
and veiy proud of his son ; " his paternal grandmother was 

" a noble woman, heroic and self-denying She was 

one of the women of the Revolution, no whit less heroes 
than its men," and on her grave-cross is inscribed " The 
Bishop of New Jersey to the Best of Mothers." Moving 
from Trenton when the State House and other public build- 
ings were completed, his second home was in New York, 
■where his early training was obtained under the care of Dr. 
Barry, whose bishop he afterward became. In 180S he re- 
moved with his family to Geneva, and there continued his 
studies with Dr. Axtell, a Presbyterian clei-g)'man. Of his 
experiences at this place he has written : " The Rev. Dr. 
Orin Clark was the pastor of my boyhood. The wax was 
soft, and the impressions are deep. My father went to 
Geneva in iSoS. The church, what little there was of it, 
was then ' a stranger in a strange land.' Geneva was an 
outpost. ' Father Nash ' had been there, and the venerable 
Davenport Phelps. These were the pioneers of the church 

They came once a month The intervening Sundays 

were supplied with lay reading by two most excellent men, 
John Nicholas and D.aniel W. Lewis. Judge Nicholas was 
]irominent in political life; Mr. Lewis was a sound and 
learned lawyer There was no church built when we 



went to Geneva; indeed my father w.as the builder of 
Trinity Church. The Rev. Orin Clark, then a young man, 
came in aid of the Rev. Mr. Phelps I was cate- 
chised by him, and prepared by him fur coniiinialion." 
.■\fter preparing for college, under Ransom Iluhbell, in 
1S16, he entered the second term of the sophomore year in 
Union College, Schenectady, New York, under the presi- 
dency of Dr. Nott. In 1S18 he graduated, taking an honor; 
the salut.atory was then assigned to him, but he failed to 
deliver it on account of his inability to return to the com- 
mencement. Leaving college at the end of the term he 
went to New York, to cultivate still further the seed of his 
collegiate sowing, that it might bear fruit for the good of 
others. In 1819 he became a candidate for holy orders in 
the Diocese of New York, and found support for himself in 
teaching in a large school of the metropolis. Then he 
thought of going as an assistant in Rev. Dr. Rudd's school 
at Elizabelhtown. This, however, was never accomplished, 
but his course in consequence of it brought him closely in 
contact with Bishop Ilobart, under whose directions he was 
studying. His first teaching was in New York, where he 
established a classical school for boys ; and here his success 
and popularity were so great that he attracted the attention 
of Dr. Brownell, w-ho secured him for a professorship in 
Trinity College, and there he was installed in 1S25. At 
the expiration of three years his absorption in parochial 
work withdrew him for a time from the sphere of teaching, 
except in the pulpit and at the chancel rail. " But no 
sooner had the full commission to St. Peter ' to feed the 
lambs' been given him, in the apostolic office, than he re- 
turned, with renewed earnestness and further reaches, both 
of efiTort and success, to the great work of education." St. 
Mary's Hall and Burlington College ; the increasing paro- 
chial schools throughout his diocese, and the care and at- 
tention paid through all the surrounding parishes of the 
.State to the duty of catechising, are witnesses to the truth 
of his own estimate and use of his life as the instrument in 
God's hands to found, and promote and perfect the great 
work of Christian education in the American church. Pre- 
viously he left New York for Hartford, in 1824, and there, 
in Washington College, filled the position of Professor of 
Belles-Lettres, and also took charge of the whole working 
system of this institution, his appointment as Bursar laying 
upon him much detail of financial labor. He was warmly 
interested in the formation of the Historical Society of the 
State, and was one of the incorporators ; also in the organi- 
z.ation of a college society, called the Athena.'urn. His 
acquaintance with Dr. Croswell began in 1826, and was 
the result of certain efforts and movements made relating to 
the publication of a church paper. Upon the establishment 
of The Episcopal IValchman he became its editor, with 
William Croswell as associate and assistant, speaking of 
whom he said : " Man has never been in closer bonds with 
man, than he with me, for five and twenty years. Our in- 
tercourse was intimate at once, and we never had a feeling, 



39° 



ETOGRAnilCAL ENCVCLOr.EDIA. 



or a thought to part lis." When he went to Trinity Churcli, 
Boston, " the unhelped and lonely labor drew heavily on 
the mind and heart of Dr. Croswell." An effort was then 
made to reunite the friends and colaborers, and in the year 
in which he was ordained, having discontinued his con- 
nection with the paper, Croswell also went to Boston, first 
as assistant, then as rector of Christ Church. Ilis coming 
was announced, and for some time he was known as " Mr. 
Doane's friend." They were again associated in Boston in 
the editorship of the Banner of the Church, and upon his 
removal to New Jersey, almost his first thought was to get 
Croswell nearer to him, as the editor of the N'cw York 
Churchman. Regarding the decease of this valued friend, 
he spoke to his convention as follows : " His heart was 
large eno\igh to take in all the world. His generosity was 
unl)ounded. If he excelled in any one relation, after his 
service to Christ's poor, it was in all the acts and offices of 
friendship On Sunday, in the Church of the Ad- 
vent, in the city of Boston, at the request of the wardens 
and vestry, I preached a sermon, commemorative of the 
late rector. Rev. William Croswell, D. D. ; as the sermon 
lias been published, I need not dwell upon his beautiful 
and blessed memory." The Watchman was fearless in tone 
and utterance, and unvaryingly true to its principles, which 
■were at the time by no means the prevailing views, either 
in the diocese of its publication or in the country generally. 
It was undertaken, March 26th, 1827, on the suspension of 
the Churchman's Magazine and the Gospel Advocate, to 
disseminate pure and undefiled religion in " what is be- 
lieved to be the scriptural and most effectual way," also to 
elucidate and defend the doctrines, discipline and worship 
of the American Protestant Episcopal Church, and to up- 
hold the truthfulness of "the pcrfectuess of the gospel only 
in the church." Among other notable points may be cited 
his admiration of painted glass in churches ; his line of 
argument against fraternizing with the denominational min- 
isters, whose enforcement brought down such ton-ents of 
abuse, on the last year of his episcopate ; his love for the 
Liturgy, as the great preserver of truth and the rebuker and 
preventer of error in doctrine ; his opposition to the progres- 
sive idea of religion, set on the sliding platform of human 
science ; his happy adaptation of his thoughts to children's 
comprehension ; his zealous care for the support of the gen- 
eral institutions of the church, its unity, and the duly of her 
members to support it ; and his enthusiasm in missionary 
and educational work and reform. While editing the Bati- 
ncr he made it " an out and out expression of uncompro- 
mising churchmanship, with the same stress laid upon all 
missionary and educational woi'k ; " and he counted it his 
chief delight to be esteemed emphatically a " missionaiy 
bishop," and found glory also in being regarded as a mis- 
sionary editor. In one of his articles occurs a logical yet 
ardent plea for the daily service, then (1832) nowhere real- 
ized in the American church; and in the same year he 
wrote an essay full of force and significance concerning the 



insertion of the prayer for Congress during its session, ad- 
vocating it even in family prayers; while, during the latter 
years of his episcopate, when special political dangers 
threatened the country, he urged the families of the dio- 
cese, in his conventional address, to make daily use at 
home of the prayer for Congress. Fully convinced, both 
in theory and practice, of the importance of a church news- 
paper — the Banner having been discontinued — he estab- 
lished the Missionary, the first number appearing April 
20th, 1834. It was continued uninterruptedly until Janu- 
ary 1st, 1838, and was renewed again for a few years' life 
in 1847. After 1850 the publication of the Missionary was 
discontinued. Its vei-y low price, and the very large num- 
ber to whom it was sent free, made it impossible that it 
should be self-supporting. " Like most of his luxuries, it 
was for the good of others; and with his luxuries this 
ceased when his means were gone." But the influence of 
these papers was very great, and by their instrumentality 
he urged upon many who could not be reached from the 
pulpit, or by private intercourse, the great importance of 
missions and Chrislian education, and the weekly offertory, 
and many other things besides, which owed to him their 
earliest and incessant inculcation through the church in 
America. " His dealings with the press were manifold, in 
the publication of his own sermons, etc., and in the issuing 
of the catalogues of the schools. In the printing office he 
was much at home, and a most thorough and accurate 
proof-reader. He learned this in Mr. Bogert's printing 
office in Geneva during his boyhood." — " I have known 
three printers brought into the church from ' setting up ' his 
very many publications." The Episcopal Watchman, of 
April I2th, 1S28, contained the announcement of his 
unanimous election as assistant minister of Trinity Church, 
Boston ; and at the death of Dr. Gardiner he was unani- 
mously elected Rector, December 3d, 1830. In that city 
his position was very influential, and indeed through the 
whole diocese; and in all that could advance the interests 
of the church he was a prominent and active mover. He 
was identified also with the Church Scholarship Society 
of Connecticut, and with the Massachusetts Missionary 
Society; also with the formation of Diocesan Sunday- 
school Unions, auxiliary to the General Union. " But of 
the great points to which the energies of his soul and mind, 
his thoughts and words, his efforts and prayers were given, 
the cause of missions came perhaps first. Reaching first 
to the full limits of his own cure, and then over the surface 
of the city, and then through the borders of the diocese, 
they grew into the glorious Catholicity of the present mis- 
sionary organization of the American church, which, with- 
out invidious distinction, I may claim as the creation of his 
wisdom and earnestness. His interest in it did not begin 
in Boston, but was maturing there." In Hartford he was 
much interested in an auxiliary society to the Domestic and 
Foreign Missionaiy Society. Upon the organization, in 
j 182S, of the African Mission School Society, with the pur- 



BIOGRArillCAr, EN'CVCLOr.EDIA. 



391 



pose of educaling colored schoolmasters, catechists and 
missionaries, to be sent to Africa under the direction of tlie 
General Society, he was a prominent Director, and acted as 
one of the Executive Committee. In 1S30 he was called 
to preach the sermon before the missionary society in Phila- 
delphia; it was entitled "The Missionary Argument," and 
is on the text, " Go ye into all the world, and preach the 
gospel to every creature." November 27th, 1831, he 
preached his memorable sermon, " The Missionary Spirit," 
in Christ Church, Boston. " But his greatest work and 
service to this glorious cause was rendered late in life. He 
was one of a Committee of the Board of Directors of the 
Missionary Society, in 1835, to consider the organization 
of the society. It was the very opportunity of his life. He 
brought to it years of thought and prayer, and all the ear- 
nestness and energy of his nature, in its very prime. And 
the original draft of the report, in his own writing, with 
scarce an alteration, .... shows how, for all time, the 
American church owes to him a debt (always acknowledged 
but once and by one man) of unforgetling gratitude." He 
preached the sermon at the consecration of Dr. Kemper, 
the first missionary bishop of the American church; and 
his famous four sermons, " The Mission.ary Spirit," " The 
Missionary Argument," "The Missionary Bishop" and 
" The Missionary Charter," are "wells of unfailing refresh- 
ment for all painfulness of work; shadows from the Great 
Rock in the weary land of missionary toil." The sermon 
at the consecration, on the text, " How shall they preach 
except they be sent," is full of exuberant joy at the com- 
pletion of a long-cherished desire; and of the exulting and 
overcoming hope, in the working of a thoroughly thonght- 
out plan. The last of the four sermons is on the whole 
of the apostolic commission, as recorded by St. Matthew, 
and was preached when he ordained Dr. Wolff, in Sep- 
tember, 1S37. Upon the refusal of the lower house, in 
1S41, to accede to the bishops' desire of sending missionary 
bishops to Texas and Africa, which seemed to indicate a 
lessening interest in the cause he looked upon with such 
sincere affection, he spoke strongly and frankly in his con- 
ventional address, " with the eloquent and earnest plainness 
of deep-seated conviction." To the convention of 1S39 
he wrote of two subjects, often in his heart as connected 
closely with each other — Christian missions and Christian 
education; and to the Diocese of Maryland, of which he 
had charge in 1840, he spoke, as he could with no per- 
sonality, as to the proper and just support of the episcopate. 
\Vhile, generally speaking, " the perfectly independent way 
in which he battered the solid front of his convictions 
against the wall of popular opinions, was another element 
of his character and work. Of all walls, none is more solid 
and brazen than the prevailing notion which considers the 
commission to evangelize the world as given mainly to 
Sunday-school teachers. He had not so learned," and 
would have been sorry to think of the Sunday-school, as 
such, as a permanent idea in the church. He did not care 



to see it stereotyped in brick and mortar; looked upon it as 
the offspring of a superficial, labor-saving, self-sparing age, 
as an idea which h.is freed parents and sponsors from the 
sense of their responsibility in the religious care of chil- 
dren; and declared that it had cheated pastors with the 
notion of an easier way of doing what Jesus laid on Simon, 
as the highest test of love, the feeding of his lambs. " It 
has puffed up multitudes with the conceit of knowledge, 
and almost of a new order in the church. And it his sub- 
stituted in the minds of children the must superficial smat- 
tering for that sound, patient, thorougli instruction in the 
faith and practice of the gospel vi-hich Christ intrusted to 
his church, for which he holds her accountable, and for 
which she makes the fullest and most adequate provision." 
Of the incorporation of Burlington College, in 1846, he 
writes : " 1 have singular pleasure in announcing to the 
convention the incorporation of Burlington College, with a 

charter securing its direction, forever, to the church 

For many years I have earnestly expressed my conviction of 

the importance of such an institution for the diocese 

A body of men of higher intelligence and more entire de- 
votion to their enterprise than the Board of Trustees I have 
never been permitted to co-operate with. As my best ap- 
proval of their spirit and exertions, I have accepted their 
appointment as agent to procure a suitable endowment for 
it. I design to devote myself to it unreservedly, and shall 
count on a generous reception from my brethren of the 
clergy and laity. ... I need not repeat here .... my 
strong conviction of the eminent fitness of the Diocese of 
New Jersey for all the purposes of education; and chiefly 
for what concerns us most, of education in the church." 
The plan of hiring clergymen was always odious to him. 
To one who proposed it once he wrote in curt response : 
" I do not ordain coachmen." His aversion to doing every- 
thing by societies has kept from the diocese, as it took from 
the general church, the missionary organization which pre- 
vails Generally; his own theory being the rule that the 
church is the brotherhood, the missionary society, the Bible 
distributer, by divine right. " The prominence, and the 
faithful discharge, of public catechizing, his greatest great- 
ness, which in his own parish was monthly, and whenever 
it could be in all his visitations, shows his appreciation of 
the charge to Simon. A greater conformity to the require- 
ments of the ' Trayer Book ' in daily prayers and weekly 
and holy-day eucharists, and a far more rubrical perform- 
ance of the services than existed before, attest the influence 

of his frequent teaching and the power of his example 

For his monuments, one may stand anywhere and look 
around and see them, in the churches, the parsonages, the 
school-houses th.at dot the land. And in Burlington, St. 
Mary's Church, St. Mary's Hall and Burlington College 
are enduring memorials of his incessant, undaunted works 
of faith and love which God has blessed so richly." In the 
American Colonization Society he was always warmly in- 
terested, and regarded it as one of the wisest works of 



392 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 



mercy Aat the age lias produced. To all concerns of state 1 
he devoted keen attention, and, though never mixing in 
mere politics, was a discerning and thoughtful statesman. 
At the formation of the Historical Society of New Jersey 
he was one of the earliest members, for many years attend- 
ing their meetings, and finding time in 1S46 to write an 
address to be delivered before them, by their invitation, in 
which he stands on the broad ground, "A Jerseyman in 
New Jersey." In 1845 he delivered the oration before the 
venerable Society of Cincinnati ; and on every fitting oc- 
casion his cheering voice was heard in lyceum, lecture- 
room, pulpit and academy, urging his listeners on to gen- 
erous deeds and kindly measures. In 1851 he delivered 
the introductory lecture before the Mechanics' Library and 
Reading Room Association, on " The Diffusion of Useful 
Knowledge;" and, at the death of President Harrison, de- 
livered at Burlington an address, at the invitation of the 
Common Council. At the decease of Taylor, also, he 
preached a sermon on its lessons, at the request of the stu- 
dents, and also addressed to the people of his charge a 
solemn and touching pastoral letter. While famine was 
desolating Ireland he was the first to move the plan by 
which his native State should assert, and substantially, its 
sympathy, and the first resolution of the Newark meeting 
was to adopt his proposition bearing on the subject, " Re- 
solved, That we approve of the proposition of the Rt. Rev. 
Bishop Doane to charter a Jersey ship, and to freight her 
with the least possible delay." His English correspondence 
was very extensive and interesting, comprising such names 
as Hugh James Rose, Pusey, Keble, Newman and Man- 
ning, Dr. Hook, Archdeacon Harrison, Bishop Terrot and 
Bishop Forbes, Rev. J. H. Home, the Bishops of Oxford 
and New Zealand, Archbishop Howley, Sir Robert Inglis, 
Hope, Gladstone, Acland, Mrs. Southey, Wofdsworth, etc. 
In 1841 he received and accepted from Rev. Dr. Hook, 
A'icar of Leeds, an invitation to preach the sermon at the 
consecration of his new parish church, the act permitting 
the clergy of the American church to officiate in England 
having recently been passed. In 1858 he urged the ob- 
servance of the Rogation days, and authorized a form set 
in a letter to the clergy and laity of the Diocese of New 
Jersey; and it was " a happy return to the liturgical treasuies 
of better days," that gave back to his diocese, in the Second 
Evening Service, which he authorized, the Magnificat and 
Nunc Dimil'is, and the unmutilated Benedictus and full 
\ersicles of the English " Prayer Book." Speaking of his 
numerous trials, triumphs, etc.. Dr. Ogilby writes : " Our 
bishop, as everybody knows, has been the butt of accusa- 
tions as gross as those which caused St. Athanasius . . . . 

to be twice condemned by synods of his peers Unlike 

the great champion of antiquity, however. Bishop Doane, 
though accused, has never been condemned. The charges 
brought against him were solemnly dismissed by his peers. 
.... Willi an easy path before him, whose way was 
smoothed by concessions and compromises, .... he chose 



the steep way, the rough way, to clear for himself, to 
struggle up alone; and in such heart he conquered." And 
with unflinching courage, and in the face of timidity and 
prejudice, he asserted and reasserted, before the Court of 
Bishops, his conviction of the entire innocence of the 
Bishop of New York ; " to proclaim his firm belief, that, 
and the scandal and partisanship of that persecution, were 
more harmful to the church than would have been the truth 
of the false charges against him ; and so to invite to him- 
self the revived bitterness of all that cruel storm." Says 
Rev. Dr. Mahan : " To the more solid and essential traits 

he added also the lighter graces and accomplishments 

He was skilful in song, as well as mighty in the severer 
labors of life; .... an elegant scholar, an orator, a poet. 
.... He was the poet of works, wiih whom song is but 
the blossom that prepares the way for solid fruit. Burling- 
ton College and St. Mary's Hall are his two great poems. 
Such, however, was the exuberance of his genius that blos- 
som and fruit, in his case, sprang side by side, as it were, 
on the selfsame bough; and his poetical powers, like his 
practical, continued fresh and vigorous to the last." And 
in all his poems may be found two sterling characteristics, 
sweet fervid simpleness, and deep devotional feeling. 
Again : " His poetical writings were simple necessities. He 
could not help them. His heart was full of song. It oozed 
out, in his conversation, in his sermons, in everything that 

he did Never sarcastic, he had a great capacity for 

severity. His power of reproof was most searching and 
severe, often most uncomfortable. He seemed always to 
try not to say it; but sometimes it would come out, gen- 
erally with some softening word after it Often he 

had an endurance of impertinence and insult which amazed 
me. And a playful rebuke came much more freely from 
him, when it would meet the case." Again, in Dr. Ma- 
han's sermon : " He was a mighty Preaclier. Of him it 
might eminently be said, that his preaching was not in word 
only, but in power. Mighty in the Scriptures, he had hardly 
a thought, varied and original as all his thoughts were, 
which did not spontaneously arm itself, as it were, in the 
panoply of inspiration. And the theme of his preaching 

was always Christ " And in Dr. Ogilby's sermon . 

"As a preacher no bishop surpassed him. He has pub- 
lished more sermons than the whole House of Bishops — 
able seniions, which will be perpetual memorials of his in- 
tellectual powers and of his zeal for the church." He died, 
April 27th, 1859, in the twenty-seventh year of his episco- 
pate. From the Church Journal '\i gathered the following: 
" The hour for the funeral was fixed at one o'clock, on Sat- 
urday, April 30th, at which time, from every part of the 
diocese, clerg)- and laity came up to render this last homage 
of reverence and love to their departed bishop; while Phila- 
delphia and New York, and even more distant parts of the 
church, were largely represented; and Burlington itself 

was out en masse The body lay in an ai)aitment of 

his late residence at Riverside, where it was viewed by 



EIOGRArillCAL ENCVCLOP.KDIA. 



393 



thoHsands of persons. The Bishop of Vermont, Bishop 
Potter, of New VoiU, and Hishop Southgate, being in at- 
tendance, together with more than a hundred clergymen in 

surpUces, beside many others On reacliing the gate 

of St. Mary's churchyard, the opening sentences of the 
burial service were said by the venerable rector of Trinity 

church. New York The lesson vv.is read by Bishop 

Southgate The concluding prayers and benediction 

were said by Bishop Totter." "Tlio Life and Writings of 
George Washington Doane, D. D., LL. D., for twenty- 
.seven years Bishop of New Jersey, containing his Poetical 
Works, Sermons, and Miscellaneous Writings, with a 
Memoir by his son, William Croswell Doane," four vols., 
was published in New York in i860, and simultaneously in 
London, where, as .at home, it met, and deservedly, with a 
warm and appreciative reception, both from the clergy and 
the laity. 



ELDEN, J. CAREY, Physician, Acting Assistant 
Surgeon of the Ward United States Hospital, in 
Newark, New Jersey, late of that city, was born 
in Powhatan county, Virginia, in 1824, and was a 
graduate of the medical department of the New 
York University. lie was for two years the 
Assistant-Surgeon at Ward's Island Hospital, New York, 
where he gained considerable reputation as a physician and 
surgeon; and in 1S60 established himself in Broad street, 
Newark, New Jersey. He served several years also as 
Acting Assistant Surgeon of the Ward United Slates Hos- 
pital in that city. He was found dead in his office, Novem- 
ber 14th, 1S65, having died soon after coming in from a 
professional visit early in the morning, and was supposed to 
have died in one of the epileptic paroxysms to which he was 
subject. " He died at the age of thirty-one, and was never 
married. He was large and tall, pleasant and sociable, 
honorable in his business relations, and had made many 
friends." 



;ENDRY, bowman, M. D., late of Gloucester 
county, was born in Woodbury, Gloucester county. 
New Jersey, October 1st, 1773. His grand- 
parents eniigr.aled from England at an early 
period in the colonial history of America, and 
settled in Burlington, New Jersey, where his 
father. Dr. Thomas Hendry, was born. After some years 
the family removed to Woodbury. His father secured an 
extensive practice, and maintained through life an enviable 
professional reputation in Woodbury and its vicinity. His 
mother was an English lady, remarkabla for those traits of 
character which command respect and call forth the aRec- 
lions in all the social and domestic relations. The family 
name was Bowman, and hence the origin of his Christian 
5° 



name. His childhood was passed in his n.ativc village, 
where, among his early associates, were tlie late Commo- 
dore Decatur and his brother, the late Captain Lawrence, 
and the celebrated Andrew Hunter. In company with 
these, and many other distinguished citizens of the State 
and times, he received his education as an academy boy. 
Under the tuition of a Mr. Hunter, a gentleman of high 
literary attainments and a classical scholar of ample ability, 
he received an education far more liberal than was generally 
obtainable, even by youth of respectable parentage, at that 
early period, when the whole country was struggling to re- 
cover from the ruinous results of the Revolution. His 
literary course was concluded with distinction, and he left 
the academy with its highest honors; and, at the age of 
seventeen years, commenced the study of medicine under the 
precejitorship of his father, whose age and ability amply 
qualilied him for the correct initiation of his son into the 
theory and practice of this noble science. He was after- 
ward sent to Philadelphia for the purpose of pursuing his 
medical studies under a distinguished practitioner of that 
metropolis and attending medical lectures at the University 
of Pennsylvania. He there became resident, as a pupil, in 
the family of the late Dr. Duflield, where the various rela- 
tions which render life desirable and pleasant were displayed 
in the most attractive form. During the time of his attend- 
ance at the university, he enjoyed the opportunity of hearing 
and profiting by the lectures of some of the most eminent 
professors of that or any other period. Such were those of 
Professor Shippen, on midwifery, anatomy, and surgery; 
the venerated Benjamin Rush, on the institutes of medicine 
and clinical practice; Woodhouse, on chemistry ; Professor 
A. Kuhn, on the practice of physic; and Professor Ewing, 
on natural philosophy, etc. He attended also many occa- 
sional lectures, together with the actual demonstrations of 
the clinical and anatomical departments of the Pennsylvania 
Hospital, and reaped such practical advantages as were then 
afforded by the Philadeljihia Almshouse. About the time 
that his novitiate was drawing to its close, the " Western In- 
surrection " l)roke out, and he, fired by the prevaler* 
patriotic enthusi.asm, became engaged in the expedition then 
preparing for the field, and shouldered his musket, as a 
private in the ranks. He then marched witli the troops 
until the town of Lancaster was reached, when, being a 
slim and delicate youth, he was nearly overcome by the un- 
usual exertion. Subsequently, through the kindly exertions 
of Professor James, he became an assistant in the surgical 
department. Previously, however, he was compelled to 
pass a very rigid examination, " but he came forth triumph- 
antly from the ' Green Box,' and eventually received the 
legitimate diploma from the hands of the provost and ])ro- 
fessors." On his return from the bloodless field of insurrec- 
tion he was discharged with honor, and, after a brief sojourn 
with the Duffield family, where his preceptor's daughter 
w.as the magnet attracting him in that direction, he proceeded 
to his paternal home in Woodbury to commence the active 



39+ 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENXYCLOr.EUIA. 



duties of life upon an independent footing. After a survey, 
having for end the choice of a proper theatre of action, it 
was resolved that he should enter upon his medical career 
in Iladdonfield, Gloucester county; and accordingly, in 
1794, he commenced practice as a physician and surgeon in 
lliat town and its vicinity. But there exis^ted, previously to 
I'lat time, a colonial act, entitled, "An act to regulate the 
jiractice of physic and surgery in the colony of New 
Jersey," passed September 26th, 1772, prohibiting the prac- 
tice of those professions by any person whatsoever, until 
" examined, approved, and admitted " by two judges of the 
Supreme Court, aided by such persons as they might see fit 
to call to their assistance in the execution of their duties. 
The operation of this salutary law %vas, of course, tempora- 
rily suspended by the confusion resulting from the Revolu- 
tion ; but on the 26th of November, 17S3, an act of similar 
import and intention was passed by the Assembly of the 
State, a Board of Examiners being therein appointed, as 
aids to the judicial authorities in carrying out its provisions. 
He thus became liable to those provisions, although already 
aimed with the diploma of the first medical school in the 
country ; and that the act had not sunk into desuetude when 
he commenced his career is sufficiently proved by a docu- 
ment still in existence, which contains the necessary legal 
certificate of his professional qualifications, signed by the 
meml)ers of the Board of Examiners, Drs. Nicholas Bell- 
ville and Ebenezer Elmer; and also the authorization of the 
judges of the Supreme Court, Hon. James Kinney, and 
Hon. Isp.ac Smith, dated March nth, 1796. In a very 
liiief space of time he became the doctor of Gloucester 
county, his rides extending from the Delaware to the sea- 
board, and being not unfrequenlly pushed, at the request 
of other practitioners, to the very extremities of the State. 
During about fifteen years of the early part of his profes- 
sional career, he rode upon the saddle, and by night or day, 
in heat or cold, in storm or sunshine, was on horseback. 
At length, resolving upon an improvement in his mode of 
travelling, he purchased at a vendue an old-fashioned 
sulkey, of the kind used in those d.iys by the wealthier por- 
tion of the community only. "An old Friend, who had 
witnessed this extravagance — an outlay of thirty dollars — 
quietly remarked : ' Doctor, I fear thee is too fast in making 
this purchase. Thee will not be able to stand it, and make 
thy income meet thy expenses.' This remark furnishes a 
strong proof of the primitive simplicity of those times." 
During a period of about thirty years the general amount of 
daily travelling performed by him was from thirty to fifty 
miles ; but his journeys sometimes extended to the almost 
incredible distance of seventy-five miles in a single day ; and 
the necessary rapidity of his movements on such occasions 
was sufficient to tire out four horses in succession. " It 
has been computed that, during his entire career of profes- 
sional usefulness, more than five hundred of these noble 
animals were completely exhausted in his service." He 
was ever peculiarly fortunate in the department of obstetrics, 



which, previously to his lime, had been almost monopolized 
for years by female accoucheurs ; and certainly no other in- 
dividual in West Jersey ever introduced into the world so 
many children, with so much honor to himself, and ease to 
the mother and infant. " It is much to be regretted that 
there exists no detailed record of the very numerous opera- 
tions which he performed, from time to time, during his 
long course of practice ; yet evidence enough remains to 
show that many of them were difficult and d.angeroHs, such 
as are sufficient, when performed in the great medical insti- 
tutions of capitals, and made public through the press, to 
establish an enviable reputation for the operator. In the 
theory of medicine his conceptions were clear, correct and 
decided, his tact in diagnosis remarkable, and his clin- 
ical practice rich in original prescriptions. " How, in the 
midst of such engrossing professional labors, he managed to 
keep pace with the progress of his profession, it is difficult 
to conjecture, .... but that he did so, with remarkable 
success, is not to be disputed." He was a subscriber to 
thfi principal medical periodicals, both foreign and domestic, 
and was always found prepared to converse and to act iqion 
the scientific discoveries and professional improvements of 
the day. Nothing can tend more strongly to substantiate 
the justice of this stntement than the frequency with which 
he w.as called in consultation by the most prominent physi- 
cians of New Jersey and the men of science of the country. 
For many years also he had charge of the Gloucester 
County Almshouse, and consented to serve as Surgeon to a 
volunteer company of cavalry, formed in 1805 by Captain 
J. B. Cooper, from the young gentlemen of Woodljury, 
Haddonfield and the adjacent country. His political 
opinions, though decided.'were never blazoned abroad ; he 
never entered into political contests, but, steadily per- 
forming his private political duties and maintaining his right 
to individual judgment on such subjects, suffered none to 
invade th.at right, and never invaded the similar rights of 
others. In religion, as in politics, he cautiously avoided 
those controversies which, without benefiting any one, might 
have lessened the sphere of his professional usefulness ; but 
was never backward in the simple statement of his faith. 
His freely-avowed sentiments were those of a churchman, 
and through life, he manifested, on all proper occasions, a 
decided preference for the Episcopalian service over any 
other mode of divine worship. For the Society of Friends, 
many of whom were ranked among his deeply valued asso- 
ciates and most intimate acquaintances, he always enter- 
tained the highest esteem. The natural consequence of his 
excessive and continual exertions was the access of a pre- 
mature old age ; .-md as an additional evidence of decay, he 
was attacked by that teirible and, at his age, hopeless 
affliction, epilepsy. Until this fatal illness, he had never 
been known to travel for recreation or amusement; but 
now his excellent friend and attentive physician. Dr. 
Spencer, persuaded him to visit New York for the benefit 
of change of scene and air. In that city he became the 



EIOGUAnilCAL EN'CVCLOr.KDIA. 



395 



honored guest of his mwlical atlviser's particular fiieiul, the 
lale Major Gaml^le, U. S. A., of whose genuine hospitality 
he retained a pleasing remembrance until death. The visit 
had the effect of cheering his mind, but permanent relief 
was beyond all human art. The absolute necessity of re- 
linquishing the practice of his profession became daily more 
apparent, and an effort was made to settle his temporal 
affairs. In this undertaking his friends encountered diffi- 
culties productive of most painful feelings. " Instead of being 
a man possessed of vast riches, as many, recollecting his ex- 
tensive practice, naturally supposed, he was found compara- 
tively poor. His Uberality on all occasions, but more 
especially the neglect of his account books and the collec- 
tion of just debts, resulted in this state of his affairs at last. 
No remedy could be applied ; the time and opportunity were 
gone, and thus the condition of his pecuniary circumstances 
became the proudest monument of his lifelong and self- 
sacrificing liberality." For two yeai-s immediately preceding 
his death he had declined entirely the practice of his pro- 
fession, being generally confined to his chamber or the 
house. He was married in 1796 to a daughter of Dr. 
Duffleld; and died, April 23d, 1S38. 



^ODD, JOSEPH SMITH, Physician, late of Bloom- 
field township. New Jersey, son of General John 
Dodd, was born in that place January loth, 179 1, 
and graduated at Princeton College in 1S13. 
He commenced the practice of medicine in his 
native vilLage in 1816, and there was profession- 
ally engaged without any interruption of moment for more 
than thirty years. He was a contemporary of Drs. John C. 
IJudd, Isaac Pierson, John Ward, Uzal Johnson and 
Abraham Clark. In 1S42 he was elected to the Council 
(afterward called the Senate) of New Jersey, to which office, 
after serving one term, he was re-elected under the new- 
constitution of the Slate. While in the Senate he took an 
active and leading part in originating and establishing the 
State Lunatic Asylum ; was the Chairman of the Committee 
having charge of that subject, and contributed greatly by 
his exertions to the successful inauguration of that institution. 
About this time he became associated with Dr. Joseph A. 
Davis, now a prominent physician of Bloomfield, as a part- 
ner, and, with the gr.adual failure of his health, began to 
retire from active professional life. He had a large prac- 
tice, embracing the principal part of Bloomfield township, 
and extending into the townships of Livingston and Cald- 
well. " His unremitting devotion to it impaired, at a com- 
paratively early age, the vigor of his constitution, never very 
robust, and contributed to bring on the disease of which he 
died. He was decidedly of a reflective cast, and evinced 
this in the careful and considerate treatment of his patients, 
as well as in the ordinary intercourse of life. The sound- 



ness of his judgment was perhaps the conspicuous feature 
of his character." It is a remarU.able fact that, in a prac- 
tice of thirty years, he never lost a patient in l.ibor. He 
was a man of scholarly t.astes and retained through life llie 
love which, in his youth, he had for general studies, 
especially the mathematical and classical. He was a mem- 
lier of the Presbyterian chiircli, and a devout and thorough 
student of the Scriptures, with which, and the psalms anil 
hvmns of Watts, his memoiy was largely stored. "He met 
death September 5th, 1847, with an undisturbed Christian 
hope, and left behind him the influence. and fruits of a pure, 
laborious and useful life." His son, Anui Dodd, is a 
resident of Newark, New Jersey. 



^^TII, LYNDON A., Physician, late of Newark, 
New Jersey, was born at Haverhill, New Hamp- 
shire, November nth, 1795, and was the son nf 
Rev. Ethan Smith. He graduated at Darlmoviih 
College in August, 1817, and in that institution 
took also his medical degree in 1S22. In July, 
1S27, he removed to Newark, New Jersey, from Williams- 
town, Massachusetts, and there resided till the time of his 
decease. He was a valued and prominent member of tlie 
Essex District Medical Society, and his name is, from 
April 2Sth, 1829, down to 1865, to be seen on almost eveiy 
page of its " Transactions." While in the enjoyment of his 
usual health, there was suddenly developed disease of the 
prostate gland ; and, although he rallied at times, it caused 
his death in about eight weeks. The sentiment of the pro- 
fession and the public was admirably expressed in the reso- 
lution passed at the special meeting of the Essex Society, 
whose members attended his funeral in a body : " Resolved : 
That in the death of Dr. Smith, this society suffers no com- 
mon bereavement. Eminently social and genial in his feel- 
ings, cordial in his friendships, kind to his equals in age, 
fatherly toward his juniors, and ingenuous and open in all 
his intercourse, he had won a warm place in our fraternal 
regard. Educated at one of New England's oldest seats of 
learning, and trained for his profession in one of our best 
medical schools, he united, with a generous, general culture, 
a thorough knowledge of the principles of the liberal 
science to which he purposed to devote his life ; and, under 
the guidance of a discriminating judgment and a conscien- 
tious sense of responsibility, he applied this knowledge with 
distinguished skill and success to the relief of suffering hu- 
manity through a period of more than forty years. Holding 
in just appreciation the noble mission of his profession and 
its exalted rank among secular pursuits, he was warmly in- 
terested in every effort to add to its stores of knowledge, to 
extend the limits of its resources and elevate the standard 
of literary and scientific preparation to be required of those 
who would seek admission to its mysteries. Hence, the 
various associations, local and national, instituted with 



396 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 



reference to those olijecls, found in him an ardent friend, 

a constant, ever present helper Humane in all his 

impulses, every work of philanthropy had a place in his 
sympathies; a sincere and consistent Christian, the church 
and all her enterprises of benevolence and charity received 
his earnest co- operation and advocacy; a patriotic and loyal 
citizen, he gave his whole heart to his country's cause, and 
in the day of her calamity laid the son of his old age a sac- 
rifice upon her altar." Dr. Abraham Coles, President of 
the Medical Society of New Jersey, at the Centenary Anni- 
versary, held January, lS66, also paid an eloquent tribute to 
him as a physician and a Christian gentleman. He died 
in Newark, New Jersey, December Ijtii, I<i65. 



• LMER, JOHN C, Physician, late of Springfield, 
New Jersey, was born in Goshen, Orange county, 
New York, April 7lh, 1817, and graduated at the 
College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, 
in the class of 1840. In the coui-se of the same 
year he settled in Mendham, New Jersey, and in 
1S52 removed to Springfield, where he remained until the 
lime of his decease. He had studied medicine under the 
preceptorship of Dr. John B. Johnes, of Morristown, New 
Jersey, in his day one of the most eminent men in the State. 
He was a student and practitioner of ripe experience, and 
■was regarded as especially skilled in diagnosis. " He was 
very faithful to his patients, and had a strong hold upon 
their affections. His mind was powerful and discrimi- 
nating, and he was patient in research. He was a very tall, 
stout man; his face bore ample evidence of kindness of 
heart and quiet thinking, common to many men of sympa- 
thetic temperaments. He was a man, however, of strong 
will and very decided opinions." He died, October jyih, 
1S63. 



JUSCHENBERGER \VILLIAM S. W , Surgeon, 
Naturalist, Traveller, Author, was born in Cum- 
berland county. New Jersey, September 4th, 
1S07, in which year his father died, though his 
mother is still living at the age of ninety-two, 
enabling him in his seventieth year to enjoy the 
rare privilege of a mother's care, or the care of a mother, 
which is perhaps the keener enjoyment of the two. After 
pursuing his academical course in Philadelphia and New 
York, he began the study of medicine in August, 1S24, 
under the direction of Dr. J. P. Hopkinson and Dr. 
Nathaniel Chapman, of Philadelphia, subsequently enter- 
ing the medical department of the University of Pennsyl- 
vania, from which he graduated in March, 1S30. He had 
been appointed, August loth, 1826, Surgeon's Mate in the 
United States navy, in the service of which he spent the 



whole of his active professional life, visiting nearly all the 
strange lands and seas of this planet, seeing the sights 
thereof, and, what is more, telling of them in racy and 
graphic books. In the course of the eight years that im- 
mediately followed his entrance into the navy, he made 
two voyages to the Pacific and about it, giving the result 
of his observations to the world in a work entitled " Three 
Years in the Pacific," published in Philadelphia in 1S34, 
and the next year in London. Thus early did he find his 
true bent, and thus successfully, at the opening, did he 
work it. From March, 1835, to November, 1837, he was 
Fleet Surgeon of the East India Squadron, in which he 
circumnavigated the globe, recording his experiences in 
.mother volume, entitled "A Voyage Round the World," 
published in Philadelphia in 183S, and the same ye.ir in 
London, with the omission of certain strictures on the 
British government, which were probably too true to be 
palatable to the British public. This w^ork received flatter- 
ing notices from the Edmbnrgh Review, the Loudon 
Atlieiurum, the SotUhern Lifeiaiy Messenger and the 
Nor/h American J\eview, which last pronounced it " the 
most readable account of foreign travel" that had lately 
appeared. He was in charge of the United States Naval 
Asylum at Brooklyn, New Y'ork, from 1843 to 1847, during 
which period he organized the Naval Laboratory, for sup- 
plying the service with unadulterated drugs. In this im- 
portant matter he displayed conspicuously the practical side 
of his character and talents, proving that he could devise 
and execute measures for the good of the mariners as welj 
as provide amusement for the marines. In 184S he again 
visited the East Indies, giving an account of his visit in 
" Notes and Commentaries during a Voyage to Brazil and 
China, in 1S4S," published in Richmond in 1854; and in 
1S49 ^'^ '^^'^5 appointed, in further recognition of his prac- 
tical abilities, a member of the Board to draw up plans and 
regulations for the United States Naval Academy. His 
services on this Board, it is unnecessary to say, were ju- 
dicious and v.rluable. In October-, 1S54, he sailed as 
Surgeon of the Pacific Squadron, making his third voyage 
to the Pacific, of which, however, he published no account, 
not caring, possibly, to indulge in " thrice-told tales." He 
was afterwards appointed Medical Director in the navy, 
and finally, September 4th, 1S69, retired, thus closing his 
long, eventful and brilliant career in the service. His 
whole life, indeed, has' been one of divei-sified and honor- 
able activity. He has done m.any great things, and done 
them well, insomuch that out of his achievements, it is no 
exaggeration to say, a good title to fame might be carved 
for half a dozen men. As an author he has not by any 
means confined himself to books of travel, but has handled, 
and handled with masterly force and clearness, some of the 
largest and most interesting branches of science. He pub- 
lished in Philadelphia, in 1850, a work entitled " Elements 
of Natural History," in two volumes; also published in 
separate parts under the following titles : I. Anatomy and 



EIOGRArillCAL ENCVCLOP.F.niA. 



397 



rhysiology ; II. botany; III. Concholosy; IV. Entomology; 
V. Geology; VI. Ilerptlology and Icluliyology; VII. Mam- 
malogy; VIII. Ornilhology. In the same year he published 
a " Lexicon of Terms Used in Natural History ;" and in 
1S52 ".\ Notice of the Origin, Progress and Present Con- 
dition of the .Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia." 
lie has publislicd, besides, several pamphlets on the rank 
of medical officers in the navy; edited with notes the work 
of Dr. Henry Marshall, of the British army, on " Enlisting, 
Discharging and Pensioning Soldiers;" and contributed 
numerous pa|5ers and reviews to the Medical Examiner, the 
American Journal of the Medical Sciences, the yoiirnal 
of Pharmacy, .and other medical and scientific periodicals. 
His distinguished and varied services to science and litera- 
ture have been acknowledged by his election to tlie mem- 
bei^ship of many of the principal learned societies in this 
country, including the American Medical .\ssociation ; the 
College of Physicians, of Philadelphia, of which he has 
been Secretary and Vice-President; the Academy of Natu- 
ral Sciences, of Philadelphia, of which he has been Vice- 
President and President ; the American Philosophical So- 
ciety, and the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. His 
rounded life of activity and honor is one of the treasures 
of his native Slate, and as such will ever be cherished. 
He was married in October, 1S39. 



'HOMPSON, COLONEL RICHARD S., Lawyer, 
was born at Cape May Court House, Cape May 
county. New Jersey, December 27th, 1837. His 
father, Richard Thompson, was a prominent citi- 
zen of southern New Jersey, an extensive land- 
owner, and largely interested in vessels engaged 
in the coast trade. When fourteen years old he entered the 
Norristown Seminary, at Norristown, Pennsylvania, where 
he remained three years, and then was placed under the 
priv.ite tuition of Rev. A. Scovel, a Presbyterian clergyman 
of Bordentown, New Jersey, continuing under his charge 
for four years, and receiving in this lime a comprehensive 
and thorough education. Upon the expiration of this pu- 
pilage he commenced to read law, at the time continuing 
his literary studies under the direction of Asa I. Fish, 
LL. D., of the Philadelphia bar, widely and popularly 
known as the editor of the "American Law Register," 
" Selwyn's Nisi Prius," " Todd's Practice," " Williams on 
Executors," and of the newest and best publication of 
"Troubat and Haley's Practice," the only complete digest 
of English exchequer reports. These are all works of es- 
tablished and well-deserved reputation. Under the super- 
vision of this scholarly and profoundly learned barrister he 
remained for two years preparation for practice, and then 
passed to the Dane Law School of Harvard College, from 
which he graduated with distinction in 1S61. Returning 



to Philadelphia, he spent another year in the office of his 
preceptor, Mr. Eish, and in 1S62 was adniilted to tlio bar, 
having passed a very creditable examination by llie I'.uard 
of Examiners, then presided over by Hon. Eli K. Trice. 
After his admission he made an extensive tour of llic 
country, and, inspired with marti.al ardor by the opening 
of the civil war, returned to his native State and raised a 
company of soldiers, who were attached to the 1 2th New 
Jersey Volunteers, becoming Captain of Company K, which 
he had recruited. While at Ellicott's Mills he was ap- 
pointed Assistant Provost Marshal, ufider General Wool, 
with head-quarters at the mills until his regiment was 
ordered to the front. It was subsequently fust attached to 
the Second Brigade, Third Division, Second Army Corps, 
then to the Third Brigade and Second Division of the same 
corps, and at the close of the war formed part of a provis- 
ional corps. During these changes, however, it served with 
the Army of the Potomac. Colonel Thompson participated 
in all of the hard-fought battles save for a short time when 
absent on detached duty. At Chancellorsville, when the 
Union line was hard pressed, several regiments having 
given way, and his own commander. Colonel Willetts, 
having been wounded, he took command of the companies 
which remained, and succeeded in stemming the onslaught 
until the broken line had fallen back and reformed. For 
this gallant service, which saved the line at a moment of 
greatest peril, he was highly complimented. At Gettysburg 
his regiment was on the right centre, and successfully op- 
posed Pettigrew's North Carolina brigade, which formed 
the left of Longstreet's charging column. He participated 
in the hot engagements at Falling Waters, Auburn Mills, 
Bristow's Station, Blackburn's Ford, Robeson's Farm, and 
at Mine Run, where the fighting lasted three days. In that 
series of terrible engagements, which marked the progress 
of Grant's army towards Richmond, Colonel Thompson's 
regiment was conspicuous for its gallantry. At Deep Bottom 
he acted as corps officer of the day, and it became hi? duty 
to hold the lines until the main body of troops under Gen- 
eral Hancock, who was making a demonstration on the 
north side of the James river, had recrossed. This was an 
important and dangerous position, as this line was more 
than four miles in length and in some places scarcely fifty 
feet from the enemy's pickets. He, however, succeeded 
with slight loss, and received from Hancock himself a per- 
sonal compliment for this service. In a successful charge 
by his regiment and others, in the autumn of 1864, to dis- 
lodne the enemy from a strong position at Ream's Station 
he was severely wounded by the explosion of a shell. Soon 
after he was taken to Philadelphia, where he remained 
until December, and while still on crutches was assigned 
to duty as President of a General Court Martial sitting in 
that city. In this capacity he continued to act until Febru- 
aiy, 1865, when, ascertaining from his physician that his 
wounds would incapacitate him for active service for a long 
time, he resigned his commission. The character of the 



398 



BIOGRArillCAL ENXYCLOP.EDIA. 



service he saw may be estimated wlien it is known that his 
regiment was mustered in with 992 men, and was mustered 
out with only ninety-three, and all of these bearing honor- 
able wounds. Colonel, afterward Brigadier-General, Thomas 
A. Smith, commanding the brigade, wrote Governor Parker, 
under date of March 2d, 1864, as follows : " Tlie majority 
of the 1 2th New Jersey is now vacant. I lake pleasure to 
recommend to your notice Captain Richard S. Thompson. 
He is a gallant officer and a good disciplinarian. As an 
e.\ecutive officer he has few equals. His assiduous atten- 
tion to his duties has upon several occasions won the 
highest encomiums of his superior officers." On January 
I4lh, 1S65, General Hancock a,sked to have him commis- 
sioned as Colonel in a veteran reserve corps, for his valor 
at Deep Bottom and Ream's Station, and President Lincoln 
indorsed the recommendation. Colonel Thompson re- 
moved to Chicago, October 24lh, 1865, and entered upon 
the practice of law. In 1S67 he became a member of the 
firm of Leaming & Thompson, which still exists. In 1S69 
he was chosen a member of the Board of Trustees of Hyde 
Park, and soon after was elected its attorney. In 1872 he 
was nominated on the Republican ticket as candidate for 
State Senator from the Second Illinois District, and was re- 
turned by a handsome majority. His ability as a legislator, 
his keen knowledge of parliamentary law, his constant ad- 
vocacy of all measures for the public weal, his official in- 
tegrity, have achieved for him a reputation second only to 
that which he won upon tiie battle-tield. He is the leading 
member of the Senate, a position which he has secured by 
a fearless performance of all the duties rightly devolving 
upon him as a representative of the people. lie distin- 
guished himself in the session of 1875, during the agitation 
over the repeal of the Liquor Law, by holding at bay tem- 
porar)' majorities until a full house was present to decide 
the issue, and again in the debate upon the contested elec- 
tion of Senator Marshal. He was married, June 7th, 1865, 
to Catharine S. Scovel, daughter of Rev. A. Scovel, at that 
time a resident of Bloomington, Illinois. 



JIERSOX, EDWARD A., Physician, late of New- 
ark, New Jersey, was born in that city, March 
22d, 1836, and was a lineal descendant from 
Rev. Abraham Pierson, the first pastor of the 
First Presbyterian Church in Newark. He 
studied medicine with Dr. John E. Ward, and 
graduated at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, in 
New York, in the class of 1858. At the commencement 
of the sectional conflict he at once entered the service as 
Assistant-Surgeon of the ist Regiment New Jersey Volun- 
teers, and continued to serve in this capacity till the ex- 
piration of the three months term for which he had enlisted. 
He performed the duties of his office with zeal and fidelity, 



and in due time was honorably discharged. He soon 
after presented himself for examination, and was appointed 
Assistant-Surgeon in the United Slates navy. January 24th, 
1862, he was assigned to the frigate " St. Lawrence.' 
While on board this vessel, in the memorable contest with 
the rebel ram " Merrimac," he narrowly escaped injury 
from a shell which entered his room and struck within a 
few feet of his head. He afterward accompanied her to 
Key West, and there was attacked by yellow fever, from 
which he escaped with life, but in so precarious a condition 
that it was deemed advisable for him to return to his home 
for the purpose of recuperation. After a short stay he was 
detached to the " Penobscot," which was at that time en- 
gaged in the blockading service off Wilmington, North 
Carolina. On the morning of the 22d of May, 1862, a 
rebel steamer was discovered trying to run the blockade, 
upon which the " Penobscot " at once started in pursuit. 
.\t this juncture a shell from Fort Fisher crashed through 
the woodwork of his room, and he was struck by a large 
splinter of wood that fractured the occipital bone. He 
became immediately unconscious, and before the expiration 
of the second hour from the lime of the occurrence had 
breathed his last. He had but a few minutes before laid out 
his instruments and prepared his medicaments and ban- 
dages, and was fully prepared to meet the wants of his 
expected patients. " He was a young man of rare personal 
beauty, of vivacious manners, of remarkable memory, of 
great good nature, and a consistent Christi.an. lie was the 
life of the social medical circles of Essex District, and will 
be long remembered." He was buried in Mount Pleasant 
Cemetery, New Jersey, and his funeral was attended in a 
body by the members of the Essex District Medical Society, 
which passed a suitable resolution expressive of its regret at 
a loss so mournful, and of its high esteem for him as a prac- 
titioner, and an upright friend and intrepid patriot. 



KERS, OSCAR J., M. D., Physician, late of Ne^v- 
■^ ark, was born in Bloomfield, New Jersey, in 
1S23, and was a graduate of the College of 
, - Physicians and Surgeons, in New York. "He 

5^^ a will be long remembered on account of his ad- 
mirable social qualities and sincerity. He was 
an honest, reliable man. He was the soul of honor, and 
his integrity none ever called in question." "Adelphos," 
in the Daily Adverliser, writes of him : " Sleep well, be- 
loved brother, whose life was laid down on the altar of 
duty. Earth can have no greener spot than the turf that 
covers thy true heart.; " while, at a meeting of the Essex 
District Medical Society, the following resolutions are the 
first two of the five adopted on the occasion of his decease : 
" Resolved, That the many excellent qualities of the 
deceased, his geniality and kindness of heart, his sound 



EIOGRArillCAL ENXVCLOP.EDIA. 



399 



jiulgment and ample information, especially upon topics 
connected wilh liis profession, give us great and unusual 
reason to mourn his loss. Resolved, That this painful 
event adds another to the many instances often too little ap- 
preciated, in which physicians have sacrificed themselves on 
the altar of professional duty, and that this consideration 
may legitimately assuage the grief of his sorrowing friends." 
lie was married in December, lS6o, to Mrs. Mary Cole; 
and died at his residence in New street, Newark, April 9th, 
1861, in the thirty-ninth year of his age. 



MIOMAS, LUTHER G., Physician, late of Newark, 
New Jersey, was born in this city, Jannai-y 27th, 
1830, and was the son of Frederic S. Thomas, and 
grandson of the late Luther Goble, one of the 
earliest and most prosperous merchants of his 
native town. He graduated at Princeton College 
in 1S49, was secretary at the first class-meeting, and made a 
valuable statistical report. His later studies in medicine 
were prosecuted under the supervision of the late Dr. L. A. 
Smith, who wrote an obituary notice of his former pupil, 
published in the "Transactions of the State Medical Society 
for 1S65." As a student he was industrious and quick of 
apprehension ; as a physician attentive, skilful, and cour- 
teously affable. His name also has honorable place in the 
army record, as may be seen in the adjutant-general's 
"Official Report" of 1S63-64. After receiving his medi- 
cal diploma, in 1852, from the College of Physicians and 
Surgeons of New York, he was constantly engaged in pro- 
fessional labors until 1S63, when he set out for the scene 
of war as Surgeon of the 26th Regiment, New Jersey Volun- 
teers. He died suddenly and unexpectedly, it is said, of 
congestion of the brain, in May, 1864. He was a valued 
member of the South Park Presbyterian Church, and also 
of the Essex District Medical Society, whose members ac- 
companied his remains to their last resting-place. 



^^a= 



Hi 



W 



C'yjil HITE, REV. \VILLL\M C, Pastor of First Pres 
byterian Church, Orange, late of Orange, New 
Jersey, was born in Sandisfield, Berkshire county, 
Massachusetts, January l6th, 1803. He was of 
Puritan stock and a lineal descendant of Peregrine 
White, the first child of pilgrim exiles, who was 
born on the " Mayflower," after her arrival at Plymouth 
harbor m 1620. His parents, of whom he was the second 
son, were Rev. Levi White and Mary Sergeant White, the 
latter being the oldest daughter of the Rev. John Sergeant, for 
many years an eminent and zealous- missionary among the 
Stockbridge Indians. He entered Williams College soon 
after Dr. Griffiths became president of that institution, 



one of the highest honors of his class. At the expiration 
of three years from that time he entered upon a course of 
theological studies at Princeton ; in the autumn of 1S32 was 
licensed to preach by the Berkshire Association, but wisely 
continued the prosecution of his studies at the seminary 
through another year, and found his first field of labor at 
East Machias, Maine, where he was absorbed in pastoral 
work with special blessing for four months. The ensuing 
six months found him engaged in Tyringham, Massachu- 
setts, where he remained until the summer of 1832. In 
October of the same year he accepted an invitation to visit 
the parish of the First Presbyterian Church, of Orange, 
New Jersey, shortly after Hatfield's temporary labors had 
closed, and while the church was still filled with gladness 
and rejoicing over the fruits of a sweeping and precious re- 
vival. The result of the meeting between him and the 
people of that place was the presentation of a call, which 
he decided to accept over two or three others that had been 
tendered him from other fields. On the 13th of the follow- 
ing February, the d.ay after Dr. Hillyer's dismission, he w.as 
ordained and installed by the Presbytery of Newark, New 
Jersey. On this occasion Dr. Weeks preached. Dr. llillyer 
gave the charge to the pastor, and Dr. Fisher that to the 
people; the text of the day was I Timothy iv. i5 : " Take 
heed unto thyself and unlo the doctrine ; continue in them ; 
for in doing this thou shalt both save thyself and them th.at 
hear thee." It was worthy to have been the motto of a 
ministerial life characteristically studious and single-aimed. 
He was, at his ordination, thirty years of age, and had been 
married about eighteen months. Since the settlement of his 
predecessor the circumstances of the parish had greatly 
changed, the population become less homogeneous, and 
many divided in feeling and sentiment by new denomina- 
tional rivalries. Two new Presbyterian churches had 
sprung up, which had taken from the First Presbyterian 
Church alone one hundred and fifty members, and from the 
congregation a much larger number. The circumstances 
environing his advent at Orange were far from being of the 
most favorable kind ; he came in the wake of a great re- 
ligious excitement, which is generally followed in churches 
by a long calm; the church had just reaped a harvest; a 
long husbandry was necessary to prepare the field for a 
similar awakening. The funds of the church were not then 
in a very prosperous condition, and he was settled with a 
salary of six hundred dollars; the old parsonage still 
brought in a small rent to the society as a tenement, but was 
of no service to the pastor. After boarding three months, 
he hired a small new cottage on Main street ; and afterward 
lived two years in Scotland street, near the present bend 
of the railroad — his rent for the second year being paid by 
ihe p.arish. In 1S36 a new parsonage was built by sub- 
scription and contract for eighteen hundred and seventy-five 
dollars. It was entered in the following year, and was the 
pastor's home until his removal to the " house not made 



graduating in 1S26, when twenty-four years of age, with I with hands." In 1842 the church received another boun- 



400 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.^LDIA. 



liful refreshing, and the April report shows an addition of 
fifty persons to the communion of the church, of whom 
thirty-six were admitted by profession. The year 1S50 was 
still another year of blessing, when thirty-four persons were 
added to the church. His health was in a precarious con- 
dition for several years preceding his resignation, yet he strug- 
gled on until the opening months of 1S55, when he yielded 
to necessity, and April iSth his pastoral relations were dis- 
solved, after a ministry of twenty-two years. The chosen 
associate of his life and ministiy was Clarissa Dart, daughter 
of Joseph Dart, of Middle lladdam, Connecticut, to whom 
he was married in August, 1831, soon after the completion 
of his preparatory studies. He died on the evening of 
February 7th,, 1S56, aged fifty-three years, leaving three 
sons and one daughter, the latter but two years of age. 



[DELL, HON. and REV. JONATHAN, Physician, 
Poet, Refugee, etc., was born in Newark, New 
Jersey, September 25th, 1737, was Master of Arts 
of Nassau Hall, educated for the practice of medi- 
cine, and served as Surgeon in the British army ; 
he left the army while stationed in the West 
Indies, went to England and prepared for holy orders. He 
was ordained deacon December 21st, 1766, in the Chapel 
Royal of St. James' Palace, Westminster, by the Rt. Rev 
Dr. Terrick, Bishop of London ; and in January, 1767, was 
advanced to priest's orders. On the Christmas day preced- 
ing he had been appointed by the Society for Propagating 
the Gospel in Foreign Parts as Missionary to Burlington, 
New Jersey, where he arrived July 25th, 1767, and was the 
next day inducted into St. Mary's Church, Burlington, by 
his excellency, William Franklin, Esq., Governor of the 
Province of New Jersey. In October I2lh, 1768, he was 
the leading spirit at a voluntary convention in New Bruns- 
wick, New Jersey, which drew up a scheme with sixteen 
articles, and afteiward was one of a committee of two from 
each of the three provinces of New York, New Jersey, and 
Pennsylvania, to solicit a charter for the Corporation for the 
Relief of the Widows and Orphans of Deceased Clergymen 
in said provinces. In the charter thus obtained he was 
constituted Secretary of this corporation. In 1769, through 
his efforts, the church building in Burlington was extended 
westward twenty-three feet, a new bell placed in the 
belfiy, and elegant hangings and furniture given by Mrs. 
Franklin, the governor's wife, for " the pulpit, desk, and 
table." On the 25th of July, 1771, in addition to the care 
of his parish. Dr. Odell resumed the practice of medicine, 
generously declining the contributions of his parishioners 
until the debt incurred for the enlargement of the church 
should be cancelled. On the 6th of May, 1772, he was 
married in Burlington, by the missionary of Trenton, to 
Aimie De Cou. In 1774, without the usual examination, 



he was unanimously admitted a member of the New Jersey 
Medical Society, and appointed Chairman of a committee to 
confer with the attorney-general with reference to an appli- 
cation to the governor for a charter of incoqioration. At 
the outbreak of the revolutionary war, as a subject of Great 
Britain and clergyman of the Church of England, who had 
taken the most solemn "oath of supremacy" at his ordina- 
tion, he used all the efforts he could discreetly to promote 
peace. In October, 1775, among p.ipers seized by the local 
Committee of Inspection and Oliservalion, two lettei-s from 
Dr. Odell were found, whereupon he was paroled, and the 
matter referred to the Council of Safety, and afterwards to 
the New Jersey Provincial Congress, before whom he 
prayed, by memorial, to appear. After hearing and delib- 
eration, the '* Congress declined passing any public censure 
against him." Meanwhile Dr. Odell was indulging his 
muse. He and Mr. Stansbury were the two most important 
loyal versifiers of their time. "As a political satirist," says 
Winthrop Sargent, in his collections of " The Loyalist Poe- 
try of the Revolution," " Dr. Odell is entitled to high rank. 
In fertility of conception, and vigor and e-^se of expression, 
many passages in his poems will compare favorably with 
those of Churchill and Canning." In a few days after the 
Declaration of Independence was signed. Dr. Odell's 
parole was taken, restricting him to a circle within eight 
miles of Burlington. The people of Burlint^ton were 
almost unanimous in their aversion to independence. They 
were lovers of peace and good order, yet, as the months 
went by, they were not without molestation by the agitators. 
In December, 1776, a message was received by Dr. Odell 
that a party of armed Toi-y-hunters were in search of him. 
He was hidden, by a Quakeress, in a secret chamber of her 
house, and in the evening taken to town by her and placed 
in other lodgings, whence, on the i8th, he left the town and 
a wife and three children (the youngest not five weeks 
old), to ramble as a refugee, because he would not sacrifice 
his principles. He reached New York at last, and was oc- 
casionally employed as a Deputy Chaplain in the army. 
The vestry at Burlington, on the Easter after he left, voted 
that his salary should be continued, notwithstanding his ab- 
sence, a pleasing proof of their friendliness towards him. 
Early in 17S2 standards were presented to the King's 
American Dragoons with imposing ceremonies, when the 
Rev. Dr. Odell made an address, in the presence of a large 
number of distinguished officers of the British army and 
navy, including Prince William Henry (afterwards Willi.am 
IV.), who was at that time in New York. When the 
British forces left that city, November 5lh, 17S3, Dr. Odell 
accompanied them to England. When the province of 
Nova Scotia was divided. Dr. Odell was called to a seat in 
the King's Council in the Province of New Brunswick, and 
became the Secretary, Registrar and Clerk of the Council, 
with a salary of a thousand pounds sterling. There, after 
a long separation from them, he was rejoined by his family. 
I'or thirty years he f.iithfiilly discharged the duties of these 



EIOGR A ri I ICA I- ENCYCLOr.EDIA. 



401 



offices. He died at Frederickton, New Brunswick, Novem- 
ber 25111, 1S18, aged eighty-one years. The above has been 
gleaned from the v.iluable " History of the Church in 
Burlington, New Jersey," by the Rev. George Morgan 
Hills, D. D., in which may be found, at length, . many 
original letters of Dr. Odell, and some of the best speci- 
mens of his poetical powers. 



^^^^K\'ST, GAKRIEL, Physician and Surgeon, grad- 
uated at Williams College, Massachusetts, in the 
class of 1846, and in the College of Physicians 
and Surgeons of New York in the cl.oss of 1851. 
After practising medicine for some time in 
Newark, he entered the United States service, 
June l3Lh, 1S61, as Surgeon of the 2d Regiment, 2d 
Brigade, New Jersey Volunteers, under command of Gen- 
eral Kearny, and served with the regiment at the first 
battle of Bull Run. At Washington he was examined by 
the United States Army Medical Bo.ard, and at the same 
date promoted to the position of Brigade Surgeon of Volun- 
teers, af;erwards designated by act of Congress as .Surgeon 
of United Slates Volunteers. November 4th, 1861, he was 
assigned to Palmer's brigade of cavalry. This brigade or- 
ganization being subsequently abandoned, he was assigned, 
December I2th, 1S61, to French's brigade as Brigade Sur- 
geon, and afterward as Division Surgeon-in-Chief, and 
served in the battles of Fair 0.iks, Gaines' Mill, Peach 
Orchard Station, Savage Station, White Oak Swamp, Mal- 
vern Hill, second action at Bull Run, Antietam and Fred- 
ericksburg, and attended the wounded at WiUi.imsburg and 
South Mountain. He then accompanied General Stoneman 
as one of his Staff Surgeons in the grand reconnoissance of 
March I4lh, 1862; and organized the Brigade Hospital at 
Camp California, and the Division Hospital at Harper's 
Ferry. February iSth, 1S63, he was assigned as Medical 
Director of Hospitals, at EvansviUe, Indiana ; and while 
on duty there, was sent. May 29th, of the same year, by 
order of General Burnside, commanding the Department of 
the Ohio, to Vicksbiirg, in charge of the steamer "Atlantic," 
to transport to his own hospitals the wounded belonging to 
the State of Indiana. This large steamer was fitted up with 
all the appointments of an extensive hospital — surgeons, 
.stewards, nurses, and complete stores of medical and surgi- 
cal supplies. At Columbus the steamer was stopped by 
General Asboth, in command at that place, and loaded with 
a regiment of infantry, a battery of artilleiy, and stores of 
ammunition. With these materials of war he was sent 
ninety miles up the Yazoo river, in the rear of Vicksburg, 
and arrived at Sartatia as Blair and Kimball were fighting 
the rebel General Johnson. This was the most critical 
period of the campaign ; General Grant was investing 
Vicksburg ; Pemberton had come out from the city to attack 
5' 



him, and the enemy, with stubborn desperation, was throw- 
ing every available force on the rear and flank of the Union 
army. The hot southern climate, malaria, and inadequate 
supplies, surrounded with great difficulties the alleviation 
of the sufi'erings of those sick and wounded; and the nicdi- 
cal officers, as well, suffered extremely from fatigue and the 
same depressing influences of exposure and climate. " The 
services rendered by the surgeons engaged with the army 
in the several fights in the rear of Vicksburg will probably 
never be recorded, for they are in the shadow of the grand 
capitulation. But the toilsome march, the exhausting care 
of sick and wounded under an almost tropical sun, was en- 
dured by them cheerfully, in the consciousness of deserving 
well of their country and profession." H&.was present also 
at the bombardment of Vicksburg, and from there returned 
with the wounded to Indiana, where he resumed his ordi- 
nary duties. September 4th, 1863, by order of General 
Burnside, at the request of Medical Director Carpenter, he 
was placed in command of the Madison United States 
Army Government Hospital, at M.adison, Indiana. This 
institution was then in an incipient state of erection, and by 
him was completely established and organized. About 
seventy buildings were erected en echelon, and 2,095 
beds were officially reported. The enlarged accommoda- 
tions, during the latter part of its existence, increased it to 
3,000 beds. The highest number of patienis was 2,760, 
principally from the battle-fields of Georgia and Tennessee. 
The whole number of different patients was 7,300; the 
mortality w.as 120, being 1.66 per cent.; the average length 
of time each patient was in the hospital was twelve weeks. 
After serving a year and a half in this institution he resigned, 
January ^3th, 1865, and w.as relieved from duty February 
4th, 1S65. Brevet Brigadier-General C. S. W'ood, As- 
sistant Surgeon-General United States .'Vrmy, thus refers to 
the man.agement of the hospit.al in a letter addressed to 
him : *' While you were in charge of the Madison General 
Hospital, a very large establishment, your various adminis- 
trative and professional duties were performed with efficiency 
and to the entire satisfaction of this ofiice." 



<^ 



<^ej 



ARD, JOHN, Physician, late of Newark, w.as bom 
in Orange, New Jersey, April 26lh, 1774, and 
studied medicine with Dr. Condit, also of Orange. 
He afterward removed to Bloomficld, and thence 
to Newark, where he resided until his decease. 
In 1S30 his office was at the corner of New and 
Broad streets ; later he moved to Orange street, and subse- 
quently built the house adjoining the residence of Hon, 
Marcus L. Ward, there remaining till 1836. He was emi- 
nent as an obstetrician, " although he never attended but 
one hundred and fifty cases per annum," " had great powers 
of endurance, was very kind and pleasant in his manners, 
and attentive to his btisiness ; and yvas an eminently religious 



402 



EIOGRAPillCAL ENXYCLOP.EDIA. 



man." He was a contemporary of Dr. Hayes, and was 
succeeded in his praclice by his brother-in-law, Dr. J. B. 
Jackson. The following well-known medical gentlemen 
may claim him wilh justifiable pride as their common an- 
cestor : Drs. Eleazar Ward, John F. Ward, Edward Ward, 
George Ward, Augustine Ward, Monroe Ward, and J. R. 
Ward. Dr. Samuel L. Ward, of Belleville, belongs to a 
collateral branch. He died June 24th, 1S36, aged sixty- 
two years. 

fOWLER, HON. SAMUEL, U. D., Physician, 
Manufacturer, Member of the New Jersey Legis- 
lature and of the Twenty-fourth and Twenty-fifth 
Congresses, late of Franklin, was born, October 
30th, 1779, at the family homestead, built by his 
father, near Newburgh, Orange county, New 
York, and which is still .standing, a pleasant and well pre- 
served edifice. He came of English ancestry. Joseph 
Fowder is mentioned as a first settler near Mispat Kills, 
Long Island, New York, as early as 1665. John Fowler, 
the father of Samuel, and sixth in descent from Joseph, re- 
sided at Newburgh, and married his cousin, Glorianna 
Fowler, the daughter of his uncle, Samuel Fowler. The 
subject of this sketch received a thorough academic educa- 
tion at the Montgomery Academy, and his medical educa- 
tion under the instruction of Dr. David Fowler, of New- 
burgh, and .attended the lectures of the Pennsylvania Medical 
College, at Philadelphia, an institution which included at 
that time Drs. Rush and Physic in its faculty. After com- 
pleting his medical studies and lectures, he removed to 
Hamburgh, Sussex county. New Jersey, and was licensed 
to the practice of medicine in that State on the 17th day 
of March, iSoo, he being then a little over twenty-one years 
of a^e. In iSoS he married Ann Breckenridge Thompson, 
the d.aughter of Colonel Mark Thompson, of Changewater, 
New Jersey, one of the representatives in Congress from 
this State during the administration of Washington. After 
pursuing the practice of his profession at Hamburgh for a 
few yeai's, he removed to Franklin, a small village, about 
three miles distant, situate in the valley of the Wallkill, and 
there his first wife died, leaving one child, a daughter, the 
wife of Moses Bigelow, of Newark. In iSi6 he married 
his second wife, Rebecca Wood Piatt Ogden, the daughter 
of Robert Ogden, Esq., formerly of Elizabethtown, but at 
this lime of Sparta, Sussex county. New Jersey, to which 
]i!.ice he had removed in 17S6. The children of this mar- 
riage were four sons and three daughters, viz. : Samuel, 
Mary Estelle, Henry Ogden, Robert Ogden, John, Rebecca 
Ogden and Clarinda. He died at Franklin, of heart dis- 
ease, on February 20th, 1844, aged sixty-five years. An 
interesting account of the estimation in which he was held 
as a physician is given by Dr. Thomas Ryerson, in his Re- 
port to the Medical Society of New Jersey at their cen- 
tennial meeting, held at New Brunswick, 1S66. Dr. Ryer- 



son, in speaking of the early physicians of Sussex county, 
says: "The leading mind was Dr. Fowler; he came into 
the county a few years prior to its division, and soon com- 
pelled all its physicians either to take license or retire. 
Into his hands speedily passed the consultation business, 
and his opinion may therefore be taken as a fair indication 
of the scientific status of the profession at that time." .A. 
very able practitioner of the present day, who was contem- 
poraneous with the last years of Dr. Fowler, says of him : 
" He was by far the best naturally endowed practitioner I 
ever knew." Of acute perception, vivid imagination, and 
yet of judicial mind and an original thinker, his native 
talents placed him far in advance of his day, when CuUen 
and his disciple, Gregory, shaped the theory and practice of 
the country. He was familiar with Brown and Davison, as 
with Cullen and other writers of his time. TheVe are in- 
deed very few practitioners of experience, though of defec- 
tive education, who fail to acquire a set of principles which 
they act upon if they cannot express. But it is equally true 
that some " remain mere empirics in the midst of the rub- 
bish with which reading and observation have furnished 
them." But Dr. Fowler was neither; to use Bacon's simile, 
" He was neither an ant nor a spider; " neither a collector 
of others' ideas nor a weaver of his own fancies, but a bee, 
who, by proper mingling and analyzing, elaborated and 
utilized the various products of his industrious observation. 
He was fond of saying that "The wdiole art of medicine 
consisted in knowing when to stimulate and when to de- 
plete; an aphorism that requires but slight modification to 
be level with the present knowledge." The District Medi- 
cal Society for the County of Sussex was formed in 1S29 
by him and several others. In person he was large and 
tall, of dignified and agreeable presence, courteous and 
affable in his manners. His head and physiognomy indi- 
cated n.ative strength of character and mental activity. He 
was strictly temperate, and exemplary in all his habits; an 
early riser, and of untiring indu.stry, and endeavored to de- 
vote all his leisure moments to the attainment of useful 
knowledge. He was for many years owner of the iron 
works at Franklin Furnace, which in their various branches he 
conducted, while at the same time attending to the arduous 
duties of his profession ; his regular medical practice being 
more extensive perhaps than that of any country physician 
in the State, including, besides his own county of Sussex, 
the neighboring ones of Passaic, Morris and Warren, and 
extending even into the adjoining county of Pike, in Penn- 
sylvania, and Orange, in New York. He also found time 
to take an active and leading jiart in national and State 
politics, representing his county in the upper branch of the 
State Legislature, and afterwards his State in the Twenty- 
fourth and Twenty-fifth Congresses during tfie administra- 
tion of General Jackson, of whom he was a warm supporter, 
and one of the earliest friends in New Jersey. As a 
mineralogist and geologist he is estimated by men of science 
as among the firat in the country. Dr. Charles T. Jackson, 



EIOGRAFIIICAL ENCYCLOP-EDIA. 



403 



the discoverer of the somnific powers of clher, in speak- 
ing of him in connection with four t>lher mineralogists of 
equal eminence, says : " They were at the head of tlieir pro- 
fession, and it will be long before we look upon their like 
aoain." It is evidence of the estimation in which he was 
held in these branches that he was made a member of 
many of the leading scientific societies of his day, among 
which were the Geological Society of the State of Pennsyl- 
vania, and the New Yoik Lyceum of Natural History; an 
honorary member of the Literary and Philosophical Society 
of the State of New Jersey ; a corresponding member of 
the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, etc. He 
was also an honoraiy member of the Scientific Society of 
London and Dublin, and of other European scientific socie- 
ties. He was an intimate friend and correspondent of 
Thomas Nuttall, the well-known English naturalist, at one 
time, while in this country. Professor of Natural History at 
Harvard University; a correspondent and friend of Baron 
Charles Leaderer, minister from Austria to this country 
during the third decade of the present century; of John 
Torry, Professor of Chemistry at West Point Military Acad- 
emy from 1S24 to 1827, afterward Professor of Chemistry 
and Botany in the College of Physicians and Surgeons of 
New York, and, later. Professor of Chemistry at Princeton 
College ; of Dr. Troost, Stale Geologist of Tennessee ; of 
Adam Seybert, William Mead, John Holbrook, George 
Carpenter, a correspondent to the American Journal of 
Science and Art, and Professor Keating, of Philadelphia. 
Among his occasional correspondents were Professor Ben- 
lamin Sylaman, Professor Berzelius, of Stockholm, Sweden; 
Professor Vannuxen, of the South Carolina College; John 
Finch, M. C. C. ; Professor Griscom, Frederic Cozzens, 
Professor Benedict, of New York, and Dr. J. N. Phillips. 
The rare mineral know'n as " Fowlerite," first discovered 
by him at Franklin and brought to public notice, was named 
in his honor by his brother mineralogists. Early in life he 
became interested in the valuable mines and mineral locali- 
ties of the region in which he resided, and for many years 
made efTorts to bring them to the notice of the scientific 
world By his extensive correspondence with the naturalists 
and generous distribution of minerals he induced men of 
science from all parts of the country to visit the place. It 
was soon discovered that in this sequestered region the 
rarest and most valuable American minerals were to be 
found, many of them peculiar to these localities and found 
nowhere else in this country or in Europe, and applications 
fiom many quarters were made to him to make a business 
of the exchange of minerals. As indicating the modesty 
of his character, as well as the disinterestedness with which 
be pursued his researches, to one who thus applied he an- 
swered, " My object is the promotion of science, and not to 
make a trade of the business, and when gentlemen of science 
have applied to me for minerals I have furnished wh.at they 
requested fiom the locality, and received in return such 
specimens as they thought proper to give nic." In 1S25 



he published in Silliiiian's American yournnJ of S.icnce, 
vol. ix., "An Account of some New and Extrai>rdinary Min- 
erals Discovered in Warwick, Orange couiuy, New York." 
In 1832, in same journal, vol. xxi.: ".\n Account of the 
Sapphire and other .Minerals in Newton township, .Sussex 
county, New Jersey." He also contributed to " Gordon's 
Gazetteer and History of New Jersey " an article on the 
" Franklinite, Red Oxide of Zinc, and otlicr Minerals 
found in the valley lying at the foot of the ILimburgh and 
Franklin mountains ; " and also a notice of the geology and 
mineralogy of the same region for " Cle.avlai>d"s Mineralogy," 
new edition. He is supposed to have given the name of 
" Franklinite " to the ore of iron now so extensively 
known by that name, the great value of which he foresaw, 
although no means were discovered during his lifetime of 
working it with success. lie made it known to mineralo- 
gists by sending specimens to all parts of this country, and 
to many eminent naturalists in Europe ; among others to 
Berzelius, of Stockholm, and Professor Thompson, of Glas- 
gow, by whom it was analyzed, and awakened an interest 
in it, which has since resulted in its successful development 
and manufacture. The extensive zinc mines of Sussex, 
now worked with great profit and afl'ording the only red 
oxide of zinc known in the world, were at this time owned 
by him, but were disposed of before his death. In regard 
to his connection with these mines, A. C. Farringlon, geol- 
ofist and mining engineer, says, in his " Report of the New 
Jersey Zinc Company," published in 1852 : " The late Dr. 
Fowler, about thirty-five years since, became the owner of 
these mines, and, to scientific attainments uniting pr.ictical 
business talents of the highest order, appears to have been 
really the first one to appreciate their true value. He made 
several efforts to have them worked, and offered liberal 
inducements to others to join hiin in the enterprise. But 
the untried nature of the ore, and the difficulties in obtain- 
ing competent operatives, caused a failure of his plans, 
without lessening in his mind the value of the ore and the 
ultimate success that would be likely to attend future at- 
tempts to work it. While he was a member of the House 
of Representatives of the United States Congress, a law 
was passed directing the Secretary of the Treasury to cause 
a standard set of weights and measures to be prepared for 
the use of the government in the different custom houses. 
F. R. Hasler, LL.D., then Superintendent of the Coast 
Survey, was intrusted by the secretary with the execution 
of this important duty, and Dr. Fowler succeeded in hav- 
'w New Jersey red oxide of zinc reduced to alloy with 
copper to form the brass used for these standards, mining 
and transporting many tons of the ore from his mines at 
Franklin to Washington City." His remains are interred 
in the valley of H.ardyston, which near half a centuiy be- 
fore his death he sought as a youthful stranger, with no 
fortune but that which he carried in his own brave heart — 
a will to use with industry and faith the talents which 
Providence had given him. 



4°+ 



EIOGRAnilCAL EXCVCLOr.EDIA. 



iOWLER, COLONEL SAMUEL, Franklin, New 
Jersey, eldest son of the celebrated scientist, Dr. 
Samuel Fowler, of Franklin, New Jersey, was 
born, Match 25lh, iSiS, at Ogdensbnrg, at the 
homestead of his giandfather, Robert Ogden. 
Ills mother, Rebecca Ogden, was a lineal de- 
scendant of the Sir John Ogden knighted by Charles IL for 
services rendered in assisting Charles I. to escape after the 
luttle of Worcester. He received an ample preparatory 
education, and subsequently, having determined upon law 
as his profession, entered as a student the office of the late 
Governor Haines. In 1844 he was admitted to practise at 
the New Jersey bar. Two years later he married Henrietta 
L., daughter of D. M. Urodhead, Esq., formerly of Phila- 
delphia, and shortly after his marriage took up his residence 
at Port Jervis. Here he built a fii>e mansion, surrounded 
by handsomely laid-out grounds, on the bank of the Never- 
sink river, and in honor of his wife he called the domain 
Glen-nette. Through his means and influence the village 
of Port Jervis was rapidly developed into a thriving town, 
and his eminent public services in this tespect made him 
the most prominent man of the locality. In politics he was 
a recognized leader, and the Democr.alic parly, of which 
he was an earnest member, was a considerable gainer by his 
counsels and active exertions in its behalf. He was for a 
time Chairman of the New York Democratic State Com 
miltee. He was also nominated to represent the counties] 
of Sullivan and Orange in Congress, but was defeated by a 
sm.all m.ajority. In 1S55 he left New York and returned 
to his native State, where he continued to reside until his 
death. Sussex county. New Jersey, is celebrated for its 
great mineral wealth, and more particularly for its Frank- 
linite, a very rare mineral, composed of the red oxide of 
zinc and iron, and found nowhere else in the world. Colonel 
Fowler owned several valuable mineral claims at Sterling 
Hill, and at Franklin, a small village on the banks of the 
Wallkil river, where he resided on his farm with his family. 
The State is largely indebted to him for the development of 
its ores, in which he invested both Labor and capital. The 
A't-t'lon 1 hinl J aud Democrat, of October 2ist, 1S69, says: 
"All remember Colonel Samuel Fowler's magnificent zinc 
boulder of 5,000 pounds which he contributed to the World's 
lair Exposition at London some fifteen years since, which so 

astonished the savans of Europe At that fair Sussex 

minerals won three prizes — zinc, iron and paints." He 
was the inventor of the zinc paint froni which so many 
fortunes have been made, and which is so celebrated not 
only in our own but in foreign countries. The first idea 
of its manufacture he relates as follows: "At a certain time 
a chimney connected with the furnace at Franklin was found 
deficient in draught. This was attempted to be remedied 
by fixing a bottomless barrel to the top of the chimney; 
through this barrel many vol.atilized ingredients from the 
contents of the furnace passed, forming incrustations on the 
inside of the barrel. When the barrel, after months, per- 



haps after years, was taken down, I investigated the depo>.it 
nd scraped off with my jack-knife the first zinc-white uf 
the kind ever known." In 1S62, when the second levy 
of New Jersey volunteers was called for, he was nui.-t 
zealous in his efforts to secure a prompt response to the call, 
and mainly to him was due the enrolment and organization, 
effected within thirty days, of the 15th New Jersey Regi- 
ment; and he was scarcely less active in assisting to raise 
the ist New Jersey Cavalry. Of the 15th he was commis- 
sioned Colonel, July loih, and a few weeks later his com- 
mand was doing good service in the field. While in the 
army he was twice prostrated by severe attacks of illness, 
and in March, 1S63, his health quite broken down, he re- 
luctantly resigned his commission. He returned to Frank- 
lin, where he gradually recovered, but aware that he was 
physically unfitted fur army life he did not again enter the 
service. John Y. Foster, in his "New Jersey in the Rebel- 
lion," says of him, speaking of the receipt of the order for 
his regiment to march: "But one thing was universally 
regretted, and that was the inability of Colonel Fowler, the 
chivalrous commander, who was dangerously ill with ty- 
phoid fever, to accompany the regiment. His ability and 
energy had been manifested in recruiting and rapidly pre- 
paring for the field an unusually fine body of men, but his 
high ambition to lead ihcni into actual combat was never 
gratified, and he never after assumed command." During 
the remaining two years of his life his time and means weie 
devoted to strengthening the government in the rear, and 
so giving moral support to the men who were fighting for 
the government in the advance. Before and during the 
war he took a prominent part in every political campaign. 
Possessing remarkable eloquence as a speaker, his services 
on the stump were in constant demand. After his return 
from the army his friends were desirous of nominating him 
for State Senator, but he declined being a candidate, al- 
though his chances of success were excellent. He accepted 
a seat in the Eighty-ninth Legislature. He had been ill 
about ten days before leaving his home, and as there was a 
tie in the Assembly, his duty to his constituents and the 
Democratic party, and the pressure from his political friends, 
urged him on. He arrived in time to be present at the 
opening, took the oath as a member, voted once and re- 
turned to his hotel. The intense cold and fatigue of the 
journey increased the disease under which he was laboring, 
pleura-pneumonia, and from which he died on the follow- 
ing Saturday, January 14th, 1865, in the forty-seventh year 
of his age, a martyr to his party. Of his character and life 
one of his most bitter political antagonists wrote : " He was 
a man of superior abilities and the most determined will and 
energy. Open and fearless in disposition, he never dis- 
guised his sentiments, nor resorted to dissimulation. He 
went in before us, year after year, a leading man in all 
enterprises and movements which his judgment a])|iroved, 
and always remark.able for his power over his fellow-men. 
Had he steadily directed his energies to any particular ob- 



i;iO(;u.\riiKAi. KNCvci.or.r.niA. 



405 



^£)' 



jcct, no maltcr hnw cmlnciil, Iiis siiccc^-; wuiiM liavu Iiccn 
suiu. Al)le as he was gL-iicially c<in>iilcre<l. llie poinilar 
estimate of his inlellcct ami aciiuircmcnls was nuich below 
tlieir true value. We knew him well, and though con- 
stantly opposed to him in jiolitics, always respected ami 
honored him as a generous antagonist." 



fO\V.l,F,R, LIKUTENANT JOHN, was born in 
Sussex county, New Jersey, on the 26th day of 
January, 1825. lie was the son of the late Dr. 
Samuel l-'owler, whose sketch appears above, and 
Rebecca Ogden, who was a daughter of Robert 
Ogden, and granddaughter of Dr. Zojiher Tlatt, 
of Huntington, Long Island. John Fowler devoted some 
lime to the .study of medicine, but becoming convinced that 
he had no ta.ste for professional life, gave it up, engaging 
in the lumber business and farming. In 1S50 he was in 
California, carried away, like many others, with the gold 
fever excitement, and fascin.ated with mining life; in 1855 
in the lumber business in Sullivan county. New York, and 
from that time until the rebellion broke out he was settled 
on his farm in Sussex county. New Jersey. The sum- 
mer of 1S61 proved the sincerity of his patriotism. Fully 
roused to the danger which threatened his beloved country, 
his sympathies met with a quick response to that thrilling 
cry : " To arms ! " He rode night and day to secure re- 
cruits for the 1st New Jersey Cavalry (i6th Regiment), and 
the assistance which he rendered his brother. Colonel Sam- 
uel Fowder, in raising four companies of that regiment, two 
from Sussex and two from Warren, Morris and Passaic coun- 
ties, was most efficient. In August, 1S61, he was appointed 
Second Lieutenant of Company K, ist New Jersey Cavaliy, 
and on the 4th day of November, iS5i, accepted the position 
of Regimental Quartermaster in that regiment. His duties 
■were very arduous ; to purchase arms, clothing and sup- 
plies for 1,200 men was no easy task, and his time was 
constantly occupied from daylight until midnight. He 
writes from Camp Stanton, January 27th, 1862: "I have 
been almost constantly in the saddle, and had but little rest 
at night since yesterday morning a week." The regiment 
was engaged in the fall in drilling their men and preparing 
Ihem for active service. The officers felt keenly the ineffi- 
ciency of their commander; arrests and courts-martial were 
the order of the day, and insubordination reigned. When 
the discontent of the officers and men was at its height, and 
the colonel was threatened with arrest. Colonel Samuel 
Fowler was suggested as the commander of the regiment, 
which appointment was favored by the public press. This 
report soon reached the camp, and from that time every 
one by the name of Fowler was in disgrace. Lieutenant 
Fowler, writing from the camp, says: " Things possible and 
impossible are expected of me ; an order given one moment 
is contradicted the next, and everything that goes wrong is 



laid In OuarleiTnaslor Fowler." On February lOlh, 1862, he 
resigned his posilion. S.nm after he and Captain John T. 
Fowler were ordered before the Board of Examuicrs in 
Washington, without warning or lime for ]irepnration. 
The board sent in an unfavorable report of llieir ex- 
\mination, and they were mustered out of the regiment 
« itliout ceremony. No opportunity was given Lieulcnant 
l'"owler to defend himself from the impulalion of inefficiency, 
ind this unjust act was censured by all the officers and men 
in the regiment. Sir Percy Wyndham took command on 
the 2ist day of February, 1S62. Lieutenant Fowler was 
urged by Colonel Wyndham and all the officers of the regi- 
ment to make an effort towards reinstatement, but he pre- 
ferred to wait for another appointment. The position of 
Regimental Quartermaster was again offered him by Colonel 
Wyndham and declined. In July, 1862, he enlisted in the 
Ijlh Regiment New Jersey Volunteers, Colonel Samuel 
Fowler commanding. The 15th was one of the five regi- 
ments called for in July. Its organization was first per- 
fected without bounties, by Colonel Fowler, in the counties 
of Sussex, Warren, Somerset and Hunterdon, within thirty 
days from the date of his commission. While stationed 
near Washington the men were employed on the defences 
of the city. Fort Kearny being constructed entirely by their 
labor. When the regiment moved across the Potomac, 
October 31st, 1862, Lieutenant Fowler took command of 
the Brigade Ambulance Corps. In December, 1862, the 
15th was under fire for the first time at the battle of Fred- 
ericksburg; this took place on the 13th, and among the 
killed was Sergeant-M.ajor John P. Fowler, who fell in ac- 
tion. He was struck in the leg by a ball, and bled to death 
in a few minutes. His name had just been proposed for a 
commission. Lieutenant Fowler retained command of the 
Brigade Ambulance Corps until April 15111, 1S62, when, 
anticipating the movement of the army, he returned to his 
regiment as First Lieutenant of Company K. The battle 
of Salem Heights took place on the 3d day of May, in a 
pine woods, about three miles from Fredericksburg, and 
during this battle the carnage in the 15th Regiment was 
greater than at any other time during the war, the com- 
mand losing in killed, wounded and missing 150 men. 
Among the killed w.as Lieutenant John Fowler. He was 
in command of his company, and while endeavoring to rally 
his men was struck in the left side with a ball, and it is 
supposed w.as instantly killed. Immediately after his fall 
the enemy advanced and took possession of the field, and 
our troops were obliged to retreat. Every effort was made 
to secure Lieutenant Fowder's remains, but in vain. His 
grave " knoweth no man, only the All-seeing One." May 
15th, 1S63, a comrade writes of him: "The untimely death 
of Lieutenant John Fowler has cast a gloom over the whole 
regiment. Advised to go to the rear, as he was suffering very 
much from a lame shoulder : ' No I ' lie said, ' I will slick to 
my men.' " The same comrade says : " I saw Lieutenant 
Fowler; he was cheering on his men; he was seen to pick 



4o6 



BIOGRAPHICAL KNCVCLOr.EDIA. 



up a rifle and shoot five or six time5. lie was striiclc in 
the left side, near the heart, and fell to the ground dead." 
A brother officer writes : " Of all we lost that terrible day 
no one was more sincerely mourned than Lieutenant Fowler, 
la battle he was cool, brave and collected. lie fell with 
his face to the foe, while cheering on his company and dis- 
charging his duty manfully. His men loved him as they 
would a brother, and would have risked their lives at any 
time for his sake. His kindness to the sick was one of 
the many characteristics which endeared us to him." His 
generous and sympathetic nature, ever ready to lend a 
helping hand to a brother in distress, combined with great 
gentleness of disposition, endeared him not only to his com- 
rades but made him the favorite of the home circle. 



sheltered only by pieces of canvas. " This was on the 5th 
of February. On the 6lh and 7lh a severe rain-storm 
was experienced, to which the inv.alids were e.xposed. 
They were provided with no medicine except whiskey, 
which was occasionally given. The patients were permitted 
to drink plentifully of cold water. They did not reach 
Savannah until the evening of the Slh, when the patients 
were placed in the Small-Pox Hospital. Although subject 
to these severe exposures, they all recovered in a few days." 
After remaining in Savannah a few weeks, he joined his 
command at Goldsboro', North Carolina. The war having 
terminated, however, the regiment was ordered to Wash- 
ington, by way of Richmond, Virginia, where it arrived May 
19th, 1865. After a stay in the capital of several weeks, 
his regiment was sent to the State rendezvous, at Newark, 
New Jersey, where he was honorably discharged, July 
17th, 1S65. 



TICKNEV, CHARLES AV., Physician and Sur- 
geon, was born near Milford, Pike county, Penn- 
sylvania, January 4th, 1S33, the son of Benjamin 
Stickney. He studied medicine under the pre- 
ceptorship of Dr. William Wetherill, at Lambert- 
ville, Hunterdon county. New Jersey, and grad- 
uated at tlie University of Pennsylvania in the spring of 
1S5S. He then entered immediately upon the active prac- 
tice of his profession at Pompton Plains, New Jersey. 
August 3d, 1S63, he joined the United States service as 
Assistant Surgeon of the 33d Regiment New Jersey Volun- 
teers, to serve three years. After the organization of this 
body it was assigned to the Army of the West, under the 
command of Major-General Sherman, and he participated 
therefore in the succession of battles commencing at Chat- 
tanooga, Tennessee, May ist, 1S64, and ending in the fall 
of Atlanta, Georgia, in September. On the 27th of this 
month, by order of Major-General Geary, he was ordered 
for duty at the 2d Division, 20th Corps Hospital, and there 
jemained through the cain])aigii of General Sherman's 
march to the sea, which was consummated by the taking 
of Savannah, December 2Ist, 1S64. January 27th, 1S65, 
he left the city of Savannah with his regiment, then con- 
nected witli the left wing of the army, under command of 
Major-General Slocum, and was with the main army until 
it arrived at the Savannah river, when, by special orders, he 
■was directed to take charge of the sick and wounded men 
belonging to the left wing of the Army of Georgia, and re- 
port the same to Savannah. There were then thirty cases 
of small-pox, in all stages, which were under his special 
care, and in order to separate them from the main body 
of sufferers, he was obliged to seize a schooner lying in the 
river loaded with sutler stores, and to jilace those cases on 
board. The result of his treatment exhibits tlie undesir- 
ablencss of the old manner of treatment by the use of warm 
stimulating drinks and heated rooms. These men lay upon 
the deck of the schooner for want of room below, and were 



ECK, GEORGE, Surgeon in the United Slates 
Navy, was commissioned an Assistant Surgeon 
in the navy February 25th, 1851 ; cruised in the 
West Indies and off the coast of Central America 
in the corvette " Cyane " from August, 1S51, until 
September, 1S54, crossing, meanwhile, the Isth- 
mus at Panama and making the journey to the Pacific by 
way of Nicaragua and its lakes. He was on recruiting 
service at the naval rendezvous at New York from Septem- 
ber, 1854, to October, 1855; was examined and found 
qualified for promotion March, 1856; crnised in the flag- 
ship " St. Lawrence" on the coast of Brazil, and the waters 
of the La Plata, from August, 1S56, to May, 1859; was 
attached to the receiving-ship " North Carolina" from July, 
1S59, to March, 1S60; and during the same month reported 
for duty aboard the " Seminole," at Pensacola, with which 
he cruised on t-he coast of Brazil and waters of the La 
Plata until the outbreak of the rebellion, when he returned 
to the United States. In May, 1861, he was promoted and 
commissioned as Surgeon ; in the following July was en- 
gaged in the blockade off Charleston, and eventually joined 
the Potomac flotilla, which was frequently engaged in action 
with the Confederate batteries along the Virginia shore. 
In October he sailed with Admiral Dupont's fleet, and 
joined in the attack upon the rebel batteries at Port Royal. 
After its bombardment, he was in the Savannah blockading 
squadron; joined in the expedition against Fernandina, 
and after its capture was ordered to the North Atlantic 
Squadron, under Admiral Goldsborough, at Hampton 
Roads. He was an active participant at the attack upon 
the enemy's batteries at Sewall's Point, and upon Norfolk, 
Virginia; and was in the blockading service in the waters 
of the Chesapeake and Iriliularies until July, 1S62, when 
the "Seminole" went out of commission. In the following 
August he was ordered upijn the recruiting service in New 



EIOGRAnilCAL ENCYCI.Or.F.DIA. 



407 



York; in September, 1864, wns detached from the rendez- 
vous and ordered to the iron-clad " Dictator," and joined 
the North Atlantic Scjuadron, under Admiral Porter, at 
llaniptiin Roads. In September, 1S65, he was transferred 
from the "Dictator" to the " Vanderbilt," and sailed in 
company with the iron-clad "Monadnock" to the north 
Pacific; in July, 1S66, was detached from the " Vanderbilt," 
at San Francisco; and finally returned to the Atlantic Stales 
by the overland route, arriving at his destination in the fol- 
lowing September. On May 2Sth, 1871, he was commis- 
sioned Medical Inspector, with the relative rank of Com- 
mander. 



I^OBLE, HON. JABF,Z G., Physician, President of 
the New Jersey State Medical Society, late of 
Newark, New Jersey, was born in that city, No- 
vember 13th, 1799, and was the son of Luther 
Goble, who, with Robert Camfield and William 
Kankin, contributed mainly to lay the deep foun- 
dations of the manufacturing celebrity which Newark now 
enjoys. He was educated from early life for a professional 
career, and graduated at Hamilton College, in the class of 
1S19. He was a student of Dr. Isaac Pierson, of Orange, 
and an office-pupil of the late Dr. D.rvid Hosack, of New 
York; took his medical degree at the College of Physicians 
and Surgeons, in New York, when under the conduct of 
Hosack, Hammersley, Macnevin, Mitchell, Mott and Fran- 
cis; and during his student course distinguished himself as 
a member of the Medico-Chirurgical Society. He was for 
many years the Resident Physician of Newark, New Jersey, 
an office which combined the duties of Health Physician, 
District Physician and Jail Physician; and in 1S39 was 
President of the New Jersey State Medical Society. He 
eventually relinquished general practice, and devoted him- 
self to the interests of the Mutual Life Insurance Company, 
of New York, whose .affairs, within his sphere, he managed 
with fidelity and consummate skill. He was always warmly 
interested in the political measures and movements of his 
day; was a fluent, able speaker; served as President of the 
Common Council, and was an influential member of the 
State Legislature. In all works of Christian benevolence, 
also, lie was an active mover and co-worker ; was conspicu- 
ous in the colonization cause, which owed its success in 
New Jersey greatly to his exertions, and was a Deacon in 
the Third Presbyterian Church in Newark. In 1835 he 
visited Europe, and his correspondence, relating to his 
foreign travel and experience, evinces considerable literary 
ability. " lie was a man universally known — was one of 
the in>tiuuions of Newark. He was tall, erect, scrupulously 
ne^t in his dress, punctual in his engagements, and gent'e- 
nianly in his manners. His suaviter in tiiodo made him 
many friends. He was seldom abrupt, still always in haste, 
and his manner was singularly persuasive. When he died, 



almost everybody felt that he had individually lost some- 
thing. He could stand at the post-office and sli.ake hands 
with more people than almost any other man in the city. 
Perhaps the two men most missed from Newark by the 
most people were Dr. Jabez G. Goble and Rev. Jaims 
Scott, D. D. It s*;nied as if they could not be spared." 
He died suddenly, of inflammation of the bowels, and was 
visited in his last illness by his early friend, Dr. John W. 
Francis, of New York. The date of his demise is Febru- 
ary 7th, 1S59. 



LARK, AP,RAHAM, Physician, Secretary of the 
State Medical Society of New Jersey, one of the 
founders of the District Medical Society of the 
County of Essex, late of Kinderhook, was born 
in Rahway, New Jersey, in October, 1767. His 
farther was Abraham Clark, the New Jersey signer 
of the Declaration of Independence, who was the only son 
of Thomas Clark; the manner of his death is related as fol- 
lows by the late Rev. Daniel A. Clark, father of the well- 
known J. Henry Clark, A. M., M. D., President and His- 
torian of the Essex District Medical Society: "He was 
superintending the erection of a bridge in his meadow, in 
the autumn of 1794, when he felt the effects of s. loti/i i/e 
soh'il. He was aware of his danger, said that he should not 
live, stepped into his chaise and drove home, accomp.inied 
by the narrator, who remained with him till he died, about 
two hours afterward." He remembered vividly the fre- 
quent shifts of his family during the war, to avoid the pur- 
suit of the enemy and the destruction of their homestead; 
and two of his older brothers were in the revolutionary ser- 
vice, and eventually became prisoners of war — one in the 
New York Sugar House, the other in the Jersey Prison- 
ship. After studying medicine under the preceptorship of 
Dr. John Giiftiths, afterward his father-in-law, he gradu- 
ated in the University of Pennsylvania, under Professois 
Shippen, Wistar and Rush ; and subsequently was one of 
the original eleven who formed the District Medical Society 
of the County of Essex. He entered upon the active prac- 
tice oi his profession first in Elizabeth; thence removed to 
New York, where he continued for a time engaged lim- 
itedly in professional labors, and settled finally in Newark, 
New Jersey, there seeming an extensive and remunerative 
practice. He was a delegate to the Continental Congress, 
in 1794. He was a skilful physician, and was, moreover, 
familiar with general literature, and fond of scientific in- 
quiry. He acquired a large store of varied information in 
the course of his wide experience; possessed considerable 
conversational power, and was an instructive and amusing 
comjmnion. In his profession he was industrious and in- 
genious, and was an excellent chemist and pharmacist. 
" He w.as a man of medium height, slender, of nervous 
ni-iiiierr, SLrupuli^uj^ly neat in liis attire, and always gentle- 



4o3 



BIOGRAPHICAL EXCYCLOr.EDIA. 



manly in his manners. He wore invariably a lighl-colored 
cloth frock coat (in that day dress coats were the rule), and 

a ruffled shirt In his latter days, in Newark, he was 

invariably followed by a small black and white spaniel." — 
Dr. J. H. Clark. He practised medicine in Newark until 
1830, when he retired from business and removed to Kin- 
derhook, where, at the home of his daughter and only 
child, he quietly rested from his Labors until his decease. 
In 1824 he was one of the Secretaries of the Stale Medical 
Society. His former residence in Newark, New Jersey, 
still stands upon the southwest corner of the canal and 
Broad street, but is converted into offices and stores. The 
canal originally passed directly through his garden; and, in 
common with many Newarkers of his day, he believed that 
the success of the canal enterprise would greatly benefit the 
city ; while it is said even that he gave the right of way. 
In an indirect line there are several medical descendants 
from him : J. Henry Clark, A. M., M. D., Dr. Ephraim 
Clark and his son, and Dr. James Guion Clark, the two 
latter of Staten Island. He died at Kinderhook, in July, 
1S54. 



; ARRIS, PHILANDER A., M. D., Physician, of 
Dover, was born, Januaiy 29th, 1852, at John- 
sonburg, Warren county. New Jersey, and is a 
son of Cummins O. Harris. His youth was 
passed on his father's farm and in attendance 
upon the district school, near his birthplace, 
known as the Quaker settlement. In November, 1867, he 
became a pupil in the seminary at Schooley's Mountain, 
New Jersey, then under the superintendence of Rev. L. J. 
Stoutenburgh, where he completed his education. In Au- 
gust, 1869, he entered the office of Dr. John Miller, of 
Andover, Sussex county, New Jersey, and commenced the 
study of medicine. In the autumn of 1S70 he matriculated 
in the medical department of the University of Michigan, 
and attended the coui-se of lectures delivered in that institu- 
tion during that winter, a part of the session being devoted 
to practical analytical work in the chemical laboratory. He 
also was in attendance upon the lectures during the winter 
of 1S71-72 in the same institution, and in March, 1S72, 
]i.issed his examination successfully for the degree of Doctor 
of Medicine ; but not being at that time of the required age, 
the degree was subsequently conferred. He p.issed the 
summer of 1872 in study and in active practice under his 
preceptor. Dr. Miller. In the fall of the same year he went 
to New York city, where he attended the lectures delivered 
in the College of Physicians and Surgeons, and in Febru- 
ary, 1873, took an ad eundem degree in that school. Re- 
turning to New Jersey he commenced the practice of medi- 
cine at Mine Hill, Morris county, in March, 1873, a thickly 
populated neighborhood, about three miles southwest of 
Dover. Shortly after establishing himself in Morris county 



he opened a correspondence with various physicians in dif- 
ferent parts of the county, having in view the reorganization 
of the Morris District Medical Society, which had ceased 
its e.xistence in 1858. The leading physicians became in- 
terested in the scheme for its resuscitation, and the society 
was reorganized, December 29th, 1873; and was subse- 
quently received in full connection with the State society, 
and has since become a strong and influential organization. 
In view of a more permanent location. Dr. Harris removed 
to Dover in September, 1875. A large proportion of the 
inhabitants of that town and its vicinity are engaged in iron 
mining, and the casualties incident to this occupation af- 
forded him an opportunity for surgical study seldom met 
with in civil practice. Possessing a natural inventive 
genius, with a fondness for the practice of this branch of 
the profession, he has frequently had the opportunity of 
participating in some of the higher operations, and has 
proved eminently successful in their treatment. He was 
among the first in this country — as nearly as can be ascer- 
tained — in civil practice, to perform successfully excision 
of the upper extremity and head of the thigh-bone for com- 
pound comminuted fracture (vide "Transactions of the 
New Jersey .Medical Society" for 1874). He is an earnest 
advocate for the use of plaster of paris in the treatment of 
certain fractures, and has devised an apparatus to facilitate 
the application of this article fir dressing in cases of frac- 
ture of the thigh (vide Medical Record, September l8th, 
1875). He has also originated a method of preventing the 
filling up of the inter-digital space, and the consequent re- 
union of the raw surfaces, after the operation for the cure 
of web-fingers; and practised the same successfully in Oc- 
tober, 1875. The operation consisted of simply dissecting 
up a long, narrow, rectangular slip of skin from the dorsum 
of the hand, or one of the fingers, carrying it between the 
fingers which had been separated and uniting it to the skin 
on the palm of the hand by a suture. The opposing fingers 
were then kept -ivell separated until the slip was found to 
be united sufficiently to maintain its place, when the suture 
was removed. Dr. Harris, although only at the threshold 
of manhood, and less than five years a practising physician, 
has t.aken a front rank in the profession, and bids Jair to 
maintain it. He was married, November 15th, 1876, to 
Maggie Rowson, of Paterson, New Jersey. 



OIINSON, HON. UZAL, Physician, late of New- 
ark, New Jersey, was born in that city, .\pril 
17th, 1751. " He was a short, red-faced, well- 
fed man; had a stiff knee; and drove a low, 
small-wheeled carriage, made especially to suit 
his infirmity, upon the panels of which w.as em- 
blazoned the motlo, ' Non nunquam par-atus.' " He was 
appointed to the Provisional Congress in 1775, but refused 



BIOGRAnilCAL EXCYCLOPvEDIA. 



tlie appiiinlmcnt ami ciilercd llio r.rili^h service. lie was 
then one among the English jiensioners either until his 
decease, or till the war of 1812. At that time certain, if 
not all such, persons were required to remove into Canada, 
or to forfeit their pensions. It is said ih.at he contracted to 
call every day upon the family of the late Colonel Samuel 
Ogden (whose house was demolished a few years ago, in 
order to straighten Broad street aljove the stone bridge), to 
le.arn whether any of the family were ill, for which service 
he received an annual stipend. He was abrupt in his man- 
ner and address; was more humorous than witty; and bore 
the reputation of being an eminently agreeable companion. 
Jle belonged to the class in which were found Drs. Budd, 
Morse, John Darcy, and others of that period. He lived 
in Broad street, near Commerce street, on the spot where 
was formerly the residence of Dr. L. A. Smith. 



|GDEN, UZAL, D. D., Clergyman and Author, was 
born in Newark, New Jersey, about 1744, and 
was ordained in the Church of England by the 
Lord Bishop of London, September 2lst, 1773. 
In 1784 he published a Masonic sermon, and at 
a later date " The Reward of Iniquity." In 17S8 
he became rector of Trinity Church, Newark, New Jersey, 
and in 1795 published "The Antidote to Deism." In 179S, 
from the College of New Jersey, he received the degree of 
D. D. At an adjourned Convention of the Protestant Epis- 
copal Church in the State of New Jersey, held at New 
Brunswick, August I5lh and i6th, 1798, he was elected 
Bishop in the State of New Jersey, and the canonical testi- 
monials were laid before the General Convention in Phila- 
delphia, July 14th, 1799; and, after postponement until the 
iSlh, were met with the following: "Whereas, doubts 
have arisen in the minds of some members of the conven- 
tion, whether all the priests who voted in the election of 
the Rev. Uzal Ogden, D. D., to the office of a Bishop, in 
the State of New Jersey, were so qualified as to constitute 
them a majority of the resident and officiating priests in the 
said Slate, according to the meaning of the canon in this 
case made and provided : and, whereas, in a matter of so 
great importance to the interests of religion and the honor 
of our church, it is not only necessarj' that tliey who concur 
in recommending to an office so very sacred should have a 
firm conviction of the fitness of the person they recommend, 
but that they should also be perfectly satisfied with respect 
to the regularity of every step which had been taken in the 
business; Resolved, therefore, Th.it in the opinion of the 
House of Deputies all proceedings respecting the consecra- 
tion of the Rev. Uzal Ogden, D. D., ought to be suspended 
until a future convention in the State of New Jersey shall 
declare their sense of the subject." At a special Convention 
of New Jersey, October i6th, 1799, for the express purpose 
52 



of reconsidering and declaring their sense of the regularily 
of the election of Dr. Ogden to the episcopal office, after 
full and free discussion, three resolutions were adopted, de- 
claring the election " regular in every respect." An ".\d- 
dress" was then signed, recapitulating the matter to be sent 
to the several standing committees in the different Stales, 
requesting their consent lo the proposed consecration. This 
address w.as adopted by the following vote: Clergy, yeas 
two, nay one ; laily, by congregations, yeas ten, nays three, 
and one divided. The matter did not rest after this action ; 
for in the " Journals of the Conventions of New Jersey" 
appears the following : "At a special Convention in the 
State of New Jersey, held at Perth Amboy, December 19th, 
1S04 — called 'for the purpose of taking into consideration 
and adopting such measures as may bring to a terminal ion 
certain controversies existing between tlie Rev. Dr. Uzal 
Ogden, Rector of Trinity Church, in Newark, and the 
vestry and congregation of said church, which appears to be 
of such a nature as cannot be settled by themselves, and 
which threatens to destroy the peace and prosperity of the 
said church ' — as soon as the convention was ready to pro- 
ceed to business, the Rev. Dr. Ogden read ' a declaration 
that he withdrew himself from the Protestant Episcopal 
Church; but that he would still continue to discharge his 
duty as Rector of Trinity Church, in Newark, and as a 
minister of the Church of England, conformably to the 
constitution and charter of his church, and his letters of 
orders, and license to preach, under the hand and seal 
of the Rt. Rev. Father in God, Richard, late Lord Bishop 
of London; a copy of which declaration he handed to the 
president and instantly retired.' " In the afternoon the 
convention adopted the following: "It appearing to this 
convention that certain controversies are now existing be- 
tween the Rev. Dr. Uzal Ogden, Rector of Trinity Church, 
at Newark, and the vestry and the congregation of said 
church, which have proceeded to such lengths as to pre- 
clude all hope of a favorable termination, it is resolved that 
this convention do earnestly recommend and advise the 
said Dr. Ogden to relinquish his title to the Rectorship of 
said church within thirty days from this date, and give 
notice thereof to the Chairman of the Standing Committee 
of this State : and we do also earnestly recommend and 
advise the congregation and vestry of said church, upon 
such his resignation, to allow and secure to Dr. Ogden the 
sum of S250 per annum during his life. And if Dr. Ogden 
refuse to comply with the terms above mentioned, that then 
authority is hereby given by this convention to the Standing 
Committee, wilh the aid and consent of a bishop, to pro- 
ceed to suspend said Dr. Ogden from the exercise of any 
ministerial duties within this State." The deputation from 
Trinity Church, Newark, informed the convention that, in 
behalf of their church, they were willing to accede to the 
conditions. At the convention, held June 5th, 1805, the 
Standing Committee reported that " Dr. Ogden had refused 
to comply with the recommendations of this convention, 



4IO 



EIOGRAPinCAL ENCVCLOr/EDIA. 



and that with the aid and consent of Bishop Moore, of New 
York, they did unanimously resolve to suspend the said 
Rev. Dr. Ogden from the exercise of any ministerial duties 
within this State, and he was thereby suspended ac- 
cordingly." On motion the following were agreed to : 
" Whereas, the Rev. Dr. Ogden hxs been suspended from 
the exercise of any ministerial duties within the State of 
New Jersey, and in consequence of that suspension Trinity 
Church, at Newark, is destitute of the stated services of the 
ministry; Resolved, that the wardens and vestry of the said 
church be authorized to invite, occasionally, any minister 
of our communion to officiate in their church ; and every 
minister of the church in this State is permitted and re- 
quested to accept such invitation, during the pleasure of 
this convention ; Resolved, further, that the Bishop of the 
Church in the State of New York be requested to assist the 
said church by occasional supplies. In the meantime, the 
Rev. Dr. Wharton, of Burlington, and the Rev. Mr. Jones, 
of Amboy, are particularly requested to officiate there on 
Sundays, the 1 6th and 23d of the present month, and as 
often afterwards as either of them conveniently can attend." 
Soon after Dr. Ogden became a Presbyterian, and died in 
Newark, New Jersey, November 4ih, 1S22. 



"^AYES, SAMUEL, Physician, late of Newark, New 
Jersey, was born in that city, in 1776, and gradu- 
ated at Princeton, in the class of 1796. He was 
a student under the guidance of Dr. John B. 
Rodgers, father of the late Dr. I. Kearney Rod- 
gers, from 1 795 to 1 799, when he w^as appointed 
apothecary of the New York Hospital. In November of 
the latter year Drs. John R. B. Rodgers, Wright Post, 
Richard A. Kissam and Yalentine Seamen "testify to his 
diligence, assiduity, and competence to practise medicine, 
as well as his integrity, uprightness and virtue." From 
June to August, 1803, he was engaged in the drag business 
as one of the firm of Kurze & Hayes, a step taken after his 
return from India, whither he had made a voyage as Sur- 
geon of the ship " Swan," in 1800. In 1S04 he was asso- 
ciated with Dr. Cyrus Pierson, in the practice of medicine 
in Newark, till the death of his colleague, October 7th, 
1S06, dissolved the relations previously existing between 
them. Within a few years of his decease he removed from 
his house, where the Mechanics' Bank now stands, to the 
old homestead, near the residence of Cornelius Walsh, then 
remote from the town, where he passed the remnant of his 
days, and died July 30th, 1839. " He was a m.in of exces- 
sive modesty, and of acknowledged skill in the manage- 
ment of fevers. He was tall, somewhat bent, and had a 
small head ; was a scholarly man, and very faithful to the 
interests of his patients. He was excessively sensitive, also, 
and unwilling to present a professional bill, although he 
never received over twenly-five cents a visit. He ever 



maintained a high Christian character, and was universally 
esteemed." His son. Dr. James Hayes, graduated at 
Princeton, in the class of 1S40, and took his medical de- 
gree in the College of Physicians and Surgeons, in the class 
of 1844. 



ARTIN, JOSEPH W., Rahway, son of Joseph and 
Julia A. (Barney) Martin — his father a native of 
Rahway, his mother a native of New Haven, Con- 
necticut — was born in New York, November 3d, 
1S38. His parents moving to Rahway while he was 
still an infant, his early education was received 
in that town, and he subsequently attended schools at 
Woodbridge and Port Colden, New Jersey ; Bethlehem, 
Pennsylvania, and Ellington, Connecticut; finally entering 
Rutgers College, whence he graduated in 1855. In the 
year of his graduation from college he entered an import- 
ing house in New York city, and having a' natural aptitude 
for business he achieved rapid and permanent mercantile 
success. In 1861, upon the first call for troops, he raised 
a battery of heavy artillery in Rahway — where, although 
doing business in New York, he had retained his residence 
— and with his command offered his services to Governor 
Olden. The quota of troops from New Jersey having been 
filled, his offer was declined, and he thereupon offered his 
battery to the Governor of New York, by whom it was 
promptly accepted. For similar reasons, it may be stated, 
the services of very many gallant Jerseymen were at this 
time lost to the State, the prompt filling of the quota pre- 
venting the governor from enrolling hundreds of men who, 
determined to have a part in putting down the rebellion, 
were compelled to enlist in Pennsylvania and New York 
regiments. Attached at first to the gth New York Infantry, 
Captain Martin's battery served for a time with that organi- 
zation ; was subsequently made an independent force, and as 
the Sixth Horse Battery did good work during the whole of 
the remaining portion of the war, being the only volunteer 
horse battery in the service. His gallantry was most dis- 
tinguished, and not only was he a brave soldier, but he was 
a singularly efficient officer, the discipline and morale of his 
command being unsurpassed in the army. On the close 
of the war he returned home and to mercantile pursuits, 
in which he is still engaged. 



REEMAN, JOSEPH ADDISON, Physician and 
Surgeon, late of Orange, was born in Paterson, 
New Jersey, June 25th, 1833, and was the son 
of A. H. Freeman, of Orange, New Jersey. At 
the completion of a prejiaratory course of studies 
he entered Princeton College, and graduated 
from that institution in 1852. His medical degree was re- 
ceived at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, in New 



BTOGRArillCAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 



411 



York, in 1S56. lie first settled at I,il)erty Corners, where 
lie remained for about three years. At the expiration of 
that time he returned' to Orange, and subsequently. entered 
the army. In the memorable " Seven Days' Fight " he waj 
an active participant, and in one of the numerous scattered 
engagements fell into the hands of the enemy. Upon his 
release he received a commission as Assistant Surgeon in 
the 13th Regiment, New Jersey \'olunteers; and after the 
battle of Gettysburg took the ])lace of Dr. Love, who re- 
signed, and was commissioned as Assistant Surgeon in the 
Volunteer Corps. He was then assigned to hospital duty at 
Nashville, Tennessee, where he died, a martyr in the cause 
of the Union. " His death was due undoubtedly to the 
exposures of the service. Although but thirty years of age, 
his medical judgment was mature. When he died one of 
our best young men was sacrificed upon the altar of a pre- 
served nationality." He died, on the scene of his heroic 
exertions and unselfish labors, December 29th, 1864. 



<^((|r^ELSEY, HON. HENRY COOPER, Secretary of 
^ State of the State of New Jersey, was born in 
Sparta, Sussex county. New Jersey, in 1837. His 
father, John Kelsey, was an old resident of that 
'X-^-^ place, and came from a family long associated 
with the county, some of its members being among 
the earliest settlers thereof. His mother belonged to the 
Van Kirk family. After receiving a sound elementary 
education at the public schools, he, at an early age, entered 
upon a mercantile career by becoming a clerk in a general 
store at Sparta. Here he gained an experience that en- 
abled him subsequently to succeed his father as proprietor 
of a store at Huntsville, where he prosecuted business until 
1858. In that year he removed to Newton and engaged in 
merchandising there, at the same time taking an aciive in- 
terest in public affairs. His political tendencies drew him 
into close affiliation with the Democratic party, and to pro- 
mote its success his most earnest labors were always de- 
voted. Very naturally these services met with recognition. 
In 1859 President Buchanan appointed him to the postmas- 
tership of Newton, then, as now, the most important post- 
office in Sussex county. Bringing into his official life the 
business ability, strict integrity, and uniform courtesy which 
had been marked characteristics of his previous career, he be- 
came a very popular officer. Still continuing his mercantile 
oper.ations, he fultilled the duties of this public position 
until the summer of 1861, when custom required that he 
should give way to the successful political party. During 
the same year he purchased the A'ew Jersey Herald, the 
Democratic organ of Sussex county ; also the Sussex Demo- 
crat, the organ of the Douglas Democrats, founded in 185S. 
These two journals he merged into one under the name of 
the former, and relinquishing all other business, he ad- 
dressed himself unreservedly to journalism. For eight 



years he conducted the HcmlJ with consiiicunus ability and 
success, increasing its value and widening its iiitlucnce, 
which, as the paper w.as always one of the ablest Demo- 
cratic sheets in the State, had always been extensive. In 
1S69 he sold the property to an association of leadim' 
Democrats, he himself, and Mr. Thomas G. Bunnell, who 
has since been its editor, being members of the association. 
During the spirited canvass of 1868 the Democratic cause 
was admirably advocated by the Herald, and its advocacy 
contributed materially to the success won by the party in 
that year. Soon after the inauguration of Governor Ran- 
dolph, the then Secretary of .State, Hon. H. N. Congar, re- 
signed, and in July, 1S70, Mr. Kelsey was appointed bythe 
governor to fill the unexpired term. So well were his 
duties in this new and responsible position performed that, 
on the assembling of the Legislature in 1871, he was nomi- 
nated by the governor and confirmed by the Senate, not- 
withstanding that body was Republican, to fill the office for 
the full term of five years. On the expiration of this term, 
in 1876, he was appointed by Governor Bedle for a second 
term of like duration, and again confirmed by a Republican 
Senate. He is therefore still holding the jiosition, Ins 
tenure of which will not expire until 18S1. The duties, at 
once arduous and delicate, have been discharged by him in 
a manner satisfactory to fair-minded men of all shades of 
political faith, and he enjoys the high esteem of the com- 
munity at large. Notwithstanding his heavy official re- 
sponsibilities and cares he finds time for indulging a 
strongly developed taste for agriculture as the owner and 
manager of an extensive farm near Newton. In 1S72, his 
health suffering from close and continuous application to 
public and his individual affairs, his physicians recom- 
mended the relaxation of foreign travel, and in accordance 
with their advice he visited Europe, spending several 
months in Italy. Mr. Kelsey is ex offieio a Commissioner 
of Insurance, and in this capacity has rendered the public 
valuable service in ferreting out and bringing to account a 
number of worthless concerns that had by false showings 
been covering their worthless condition and preying on 
the public. His investigations will, it is believed, effectu- 
ally purify the insurance business in the State. He was 
married in 1S61 to a daughter of Judge John Townsend, of 
Newton, New Jersey. 



ICfIOL.S, JAMES, Physician, late of Newark, New- 
Jersey, was born in that city, January 30th, 1815, 
and was a classmate of Dr. J. Henry Clark, in 
the College of Physicians and Surgeons of New 
York, and graduated from that institution in the 
class of 1839. "He was studious, reticent, 
nervous, quick of apprehension, and, while he could be, 
diligent in his business. He lived long enough to gain, to 
a high degree, the confidence of the people, and at the time 



412 



BIOGRAPHICAL EXCYCLOP.CDIA. 



of his death was rresiclent of the Essex District Medical 
Society. I Ic was tall and spare, and somewhat stooped ; 
had a very serious, long, pale, thin face ; and, while regarded 
as in health, had an invalid appearance." lie was for some 
time the business partner of Drs. John S. Darcy and Whit- 
field Nichols. He married Cornelia Baldwin, daughter of 
J. B.ddwin, of Elizabeth, New Jersey, by whom he had 
one child, a daughter, who died in early youth, probably 
of inherited pulmonary disease. He died in Newark, New 
Jersey, January 17th, 1849, at the age of thirty four years. 



'ENDRICKSON, CHARLES ELVIN, Lawyer, 
of Mount Holly, son of Jacob and Mary M. 
Hendrickson, was born in the village of New 
Egypt, Ocean county, New Jersey, January Sth, 
1843. He prepared for college at an academy in 
his native place, under the direction successively 
of P. S. Smith and George D. Horner, A. M. ; and in Sep- 
tember, i860, entered the sophomore class at Union College, 
Schenectady, New York, where, however, he remained but 
one term, preferring, chiefly from motives of State pride, to 
enrol himself in the old historic College of New Jersey, 
from which he graduated at the age of twenty. The intcl- 
lectu.al proficiency and love of State which thus marked his 
collegiate course have been exemplified in all his subsequent 
life. He is still one of the truest sons of New Jersey, and 
at the same time one of the brightest. On leaving college he 
took charge of a classical academy at Pemberton, New Jer- 
sey, which he conducted with distinguished credit for one 
'year, when he began the study of law in the office of the 
Hon. A. Browning, of Camden, continuing there until 
May, 1S65, and finishing his legal studies under the Hon. 
Garrit S. Cannon, of Bordentown. He was admitted to the 
bar of New Jersey at the November term of the Supreme 
Court in 1S66, displaying in his professional novitiate the 
same rapid proficiency that had characterized his academical 
career. Soon after his admission to the bar he settled at 
Mount Holly, New Jersey, and in March, 1870, was ap- 
pointed, by Governor Randolph, Prosecutor of Pleas, and in 
March, 1S75, reappointed by Governor Bedle — appointments 
which attest at once his ability as a lawyer and his fidelity 
as an officer. In 1S6S he was elected to the New Jersey 
Assembly from the Third District of Burlington county, and 
proved to be not less proficient and efficient as a legislator 
than he had proved as a lawyer and a scholar, proving also 
that he was the same devoted lover and admirer of his native 
Slate that he was when he left the halls of Union that he 
might cleave unto Princeton. The boy was father of the 
man. Slate pride is indeed an excellent stock on which to 
engraft all the other civic virtues, and in his case the fruitage 
has been rich and abundant. He was admitted in 1869 a: 
counsellor-at-law. His practice, now large, is steadily in 
creasing, as is his popularity with the people. Among the 



young men of New Jersey he stands in the front rank. He 
already has achieved much, and his future, both political 
and professional, is full of high promise. Nor is this 
promise the less high or full lh.it he is a zealous Chrislian, 
alike in practice and profession, being a prominent member 
of the Meihodlst Episcopal Church, by the New" Jersey 
Annual Conference of which he was elected a lay delegate 
to the General Conference that met at Baltimore in May, 
1876, the bishops at this conference a))pointing him one of 
the Committee of Fifteen to revise ihe hymn-book of the 
church. On this work of revision, for which his taste and 
scholarly attainments eminently qualify him, he is now en- 
gaged, in the intervals left him by the more pressing en- 
gagements of his profession. His interest in educational 
questions, as in all olhers affecting Ihe welfare of New Jer- 
sey, is deep and active, manifesting itself in constant en- 
deavors to enlarge the facilities and elevate the standard of 
education in the State, as well as in the generous support 
of established institutions. He is at this time President of 
the Board of Trustees of Pennington Seminary, at Penning- 
ton, New Jersey. 



OWELL, SAMUEL BEDELL, M. D., Physician 
and Scientist, was born in Camden, New Jersey, 
September 20th, 1834. His father, Richard \V. 
Howell, was widely esteemed as a sound lawyer, 
a man of high moral worth and a Christian gen- 
tleman; in various offices of trust, held for many 
years, he manifested distinguished usefulness as a citizen of 
the town and the State. The family on the father's side 
originally came from Wales, settled on the Delaware, and 
for two or three generations has held the estate between 
Red Bank and Gloucester. One of his uncles, after whom 
he is named, belonged to the medical profession, and occu- 
pied the chair of Anatomy and Physiology in the Princeton 
College, New Jersey, until his death. Another uncle, 
Joshua Howell, was a lawyer in good standing in the west- 
ern part of Pennsylvania ; on the outbreak of the war he 
raised a regiment, was afterwards made a Brigadier-General 
of Volunteers, and was killed before Petersburg, Virginia. 
His brother went out with the New Jersey volunteers, and 
was killed at the battle of Fair Oaks, when General 
McClellan's army retreated to Harrison's Landing. His 
mother is a direct descendant of Samuel Carpenter, one of 
the original proprietors in Philadelphia with William Penn, 
and through her, in direct and collateral lineage, he is con- 
nected with a large circle of relatives embracing many 
n.ames of worth and note. Having passed through the 
usual course of school training in his native town, and in 
the city of Philadelphia, he was prepared for college by 
Rev. Dr. Knighton, formerly tutor in Princeton. He early 
developed a strong taste for the natural sciences, studying 
them in all the works he could obtain, and in the fields and 
in the mountains; he also showed some natural taste for 



LlOGRAnilCAL E.NXVCI.Or.KDIA. 



4'3 



drawing; and painting. Wliile preparing for college, liis 
heallh began tu fail, and he was sent off on a pedestrian 
tour through the New England Stales, spending a season 
camping and gunning through Maine and into Canada. 
Returning home with improved heallh, he resumed his 
studies, availing himself always of every opportunity for 
practical investigations in the laboratoiy of a neighboring 
chemist and mineralogist. In the contemplation of the 
evidences of the slow and sdent working of the forces 
modifying the face of nature, he was guided by one who 
was a practical mineralogist and geologist, and enthusiastic 
lover of nature. Manifesting these tastes, it was natural 
that he should choose medicine for his life work. lie 
matriculated in the medical department of the University 
of Pennsylvania, and though interrupted in his studies by 
uncertain health, he persevered, and graduated with honor 
in March, 185S. By the advice of his uncle, Dr. James 
Carpenter, he began practice in the Schuylkill mining re- 
gion, where constant exercise in the mountain air conferred 
health and strength, permanently establishing his constitu- 
tion. Appointed, soon after, physician and surgeon to the 
mining towns of the Ilickscher collieries, an extensive 
field of usefulness opened before him. During his resi- 
dence in this region he earnestly pursued his studies in 
practical geology. In 1865 he removed to Philadelphia, 
and began practice in that larger sphere, availing himself 
also of the peculiar local facilities for studying chemistry, 
mineralogy and geology. He had been a member of the 
Academy of Natural Sciences since 1855, and in 1S68 he 
was elected its Secretary, an office he still holds. For some 
years he has manifested a strong interest in the welfare of 
the freedmen of the South and the colored men of the 
North, holding a liberal Christian culture to be the best 
means for elevating them to a comprehensive conception 
of their own interests and responsibilities. In 1S6S he was 
appointed by the Board of Trustees of Lincoln University, 
Chester county, Pennsylvania, Professor of the N.atural 
Sciences, the duly of forming and developing the depart- 
ment of scitnce, including medicine, being intrusted to 
him. In this university, which possesses in real estate and 
invested funds over two hundred thousand dollars, some 
two hundred students are resident. His services to this 
admirable institution have been of a distinguished charac 
ter. In September, 1868, he was elected to fill the Chair 
of Chemistry and Materia Medica, formerly held by Pro- 
fessor Henry Morton, and afterward by Professor Leeds, 
in the Philadelphia Dental College. In the preceding 
April he had been made a Fellow of the time-honored 
College of Physicians of Philadelphia, and in 1872 he was 
a delegate therefrom to the American National Medical 
Association. On December 4th, 1S72, he was chosen to 
occupy the Chair of Mineralogy and Geology in the aux- 
iliary department of the I'niversity of Pennsylvania, vacant 
by the resign.ation of Professor F. V. Hayden, United States 
Geologist. He was married, on April 13th, 1859, to the 



d.iughtcr of the late Rev. William Ncill, D. D., of Phila- 
delphia, formerly President of the Dickinson C'ciUege, 
Carlisle, Pennsylvania, lie is a member and Ruling Elder 
in the Presbyterian Church. 



ILLIAMS, HON. JOHN D., Physician, first Presi- 
dent of the Essex District Medical Society, late of 
Orange, was born in that section of New Jersey, 
November 5th, 1765. He affords an important 
connecting link between the Halsteds and Bur- 
nets and IJarnets, of the ante-revolutionary period ; 
and studied medicine with Dr. Daniel Babbitt, in the office 
of Dr. John Condit, of Orange. At an early period he 
settled at Connecticut Farms, and must have been there 
during the latter years of Dr. Caleb Ilalsted,or have imme- 
diately succeeded him. He was a Magistrate under appoint- 
ment of the elder Governor Pennington, whose sister he 
married ; and was the first President of the Essex District 
Medical Society. He died at Orange, January 5th, 1826; 
and on the ensuing January 7th a special meeting of the 
society was called at South Orange, when its resolution paid 
a deserved tribute of respect to a senior and highly-esteemed 
member. He was buried in the old Orange burying- 
ground. 



ICHOLS, WPHTFIELD, Physician, Vice-Presi- 
dent of the State Medical Socfety of New Jersey, 
late of Newark, New Jersey, was born there 
February 6th, 1807, and was the brother of Dr. 
James Nichols. He graduated at Princeton Col- 
lege in 1825, having entered the junior year in 
the class with Shippen, Ramsey, Rush, Ilosack, and other 
distinguished men since deceased. He was a student of 
Dr. Samuel Hayes, and early gave evidence of high 
promise ; and after taking his medical diploma in New York 
at a medical institution called "The Medical Faculty of 
Geneva College," whose professors were Hosack, Mott, 
Francis, Macnevin, Goodman, and subsequently Bushe, 
opened his office in Newark, and soon after entered into 
partnership with Dr. John S. Darcy. In 1836, on account 
of a lung affection, he was obliged to relinquish the practice 
of his profession and go to the West Indies ; while, even 
from an earlier date to the close of his life, he struggled 
against the insidious disease which confined him to his 
chamber for five or six months prior to his decease. He 
was a man of scholarly attainments and upright principles ; 
and on his accession to the Vice-Presidency of the Stale 
Medical Society, delivered an able address on the " Diseases 
Incident to Old Age," which elicited many glowing eulo- 
giums from his brethren and the association. " He was 
consistent in his walk and conversation ; candid and sin- 



414 



BIOGRArHICAL ENCYCLOP.^iDIA. 



cere ; was broad in his judgments, and honorable and 
courteous in his intercourse with the profession and tlie pub- 
lic." He was also a Director in one of the largest and 
most important banking establishments in Newark, New 
Jersey, and his judgment on financial matters ever com- 
manded the attention and respect of his colleagues. At his 
demise, the State Medical Society, and also the Essex Dis- 
trict Medical Society, passed appropriate resolutions, while 
the latter organization attended his funeral m a body. His 
first wife was Mary Taylor, daughter of the late John Taylor ; 
his second wife is still living. He, like his brother, died 
of consumption, December gth, 1851, aged forty-four years. 



QV^fk ETHERILL, WILLIAM, M. D., of Lambertville, 
S Hill y,^ born in Wrighlstown, Bucks county, Pennsyl- 
vania, January 1st, 1819. His father, for whom 
he is named, was a minister of the Methodist 
Episcopal Church, a very devoted and greatly be- 
loved man. William received his literary educa- 
tion at the Newtown Academy, then under the able direc- 
tion of Mr. Parsons, and soon after leaving school began 
reading for his chosen profession, medicine, under the super- 
intendence of Dr. C. W. Smith, of Wrightstown. With 
this preceptor he remained for four years, during which time 
he took two courses of lectures at the Jefferson Medical 
College, Philadelphia, from which he was graduated with 
the class of 1846. Among his classmates were Dr. R. T. 
Gill, of Poughkeepsie, New York, and Dr. Linderman, 
director of the United States Mint. Immediately after 
graduating, in the spring of 1846, he removed to Lambert- 
ville, New Jersey, and commenced practice. In this field 
of labor he has remained ever since, has built up a large 
practice, and won the esteem, not only of his professional 
brethren, but of the community at large. Jealous for the 
honor of his profession, and concerned for the safety of the 
public, he has always given earnest attention to the subject 
of regulating the practice of medicine, and was mainly in- 
strumental in getting through the Legislature the present 
law regulating practice in the State. He was married in 
Bristol, Pennsylvania, to Rebecca S., eldest daughter of 
Captain Hawke, of Bristol, Bucks county, Pennsylvania. 



tRUMLEY, J. D., Physician and Surgeon, of New- 
ark, was born in New Jersey, and had a pe- 
culiarly checkered career and experience as a 
medical officer in the service of the Union army 
during the rebellion. May 23d, 1S63, at the so- 
licitation of Lieutenant-Colonel A. N. Dougherty, 
he entered as a " contract surgeon," upon a single day's 
notice. He was first assigned to duly with the 7th Michi- 
gan Volunteers, in the brigade of which Colonel Dougherty 



was chief surgeon. The period of his " contract " ending 
just before the " Seven Days' Fight," he remained at the 
request of his officers, and after the action at Savage Sta- 
tion, having remained to take care of the wounded, was 
taken prisoner by the enemy. After a detention of one 
month in Libby Prison, Richmond, he made another " ccm- 
tract,"and at once entered upon duty. He went before the 
Board of Examiners, at Washington, and was accepted as 
Assistant Surgeon of Volunteers, but the Senate delaying 
his confirmation, he again entered by " contract," January 
2d, 1S63, and was assigned to hospital duty at St. Louis, 
Missouri. Upon receiving his commission he was ordered 
to Memphis, Tennessee, and there was placed in charge of 
the General Hospital. In January, 1S64, he was ordered 
to close his hospital and proceed to Louisville, Kentucky, 
and to take the general superintendence of all the hospitals 
in that vicinity. At the expiration of two months he was 
assigned to duty as Chief Surgeon of the ist Divisicm of 
the 4tb Army Corps, Department of the Cumberland, and 
remained with this body, filling the positions also of Medical 
Inspector and Medical Director, until the autumn of 1S65. 
After the capture of Richmond, he was ordered with his 
army corps to Texas, where eventually it was disbanded. 
He remained, however, as Chief Surgeon of the Central 
District of the Department of Texas till mustered out, 
March 15th, 1866. While connected with the army "he 
did service in every rebel State except two, and in nearly all 
of the Northern States east of the Mississippi river." 



AIL, HON. DAVID W., late of New Brunswick, 
New Jersey, was born near that place, September 
8th, 1796. His progenitors, who are believed to 
have been Huguenots, migrated from Normandy 
to Wales, and from Wales to America ; the will 
of Samuel Vail, his great-great-grandfather, who 
died at Westchester, New York, is dated June igth, 1733. 
" He came to New Brunswick in early boyhood, and was a 
fine example of industry, prudence and piety." His father 
was a member of the Society of Friends, and his mother a 
Baptist; but he, being converted under the preaching of 
Mr. Huntington, united with the Presbyterian church under 
his care in the fall of 1817, being then in the twentieth year 
of his age. He was one of the most active and useful 
members of the community in which he lived ; and the es- 
timation in which he was held was evidenced in his being 
sent to the State Legislature in 183 1 and 1832, his holding 
the office of Recorder for several years, and his election to 
the mayoralty in 1840. The same energy displayed in civic 
affairs he brought with him into the church ; and he was 
made a Ruling Elder, October 2d, 1S26, and a Trustee in 
1831. " For sixteen years he discharged the functions of an 
elder with exemplary fidelity and zeal, and was ever ready 




-'-' 'y:SSmiiSns.f2li:ii"i^-^ 




ASSOCIATE JUSrrCE. SUPREME COURT C" 



BIOGRAnilCAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 



41S 



to encourage the heart and hold up the hands of his pastor. 
His decided aitachment to the standards of the church made 
him keen to detect, and resolute to oppose, the insidious 
entrance of error ; and in the trying times of the Act and 
Testimony he stood firm as a rock." On the l6th of January, 
1842, he died suddenly, of an affection of the heart, in the 
forty-sixth year of his age. Mr. Birch preached a sermon 
on the occasion, which made a deep impression, and the 
trustees solicited a copy for publication ; from motives of 
modesty, however, it was never put into their hands. 

RADLEY, JOSEPH P., Associate Justice United 
States Supreme Court, was horn at Berne, near 
Albany, New York, March 14th, 1813. His early 
education was of a limited character, yet when 
-j-j. sixteen years old he obtained a position as a school 
teacher, and so supported himself while preparing 
himself for college. In 1S33 he entered the sophomore class 
at Rutgers, and in 1836 graduated with honors. While at 
college he was particularly distinguished for his proficiency 
in mathematics, and for many years after his graduation he 
prosecuted this branch of study merely as a relaxation from 
the labors of his profession. In early life he had intended 
entering the ministry, but shortly after leaving Rutgers — 
having, meanwhile, conducted an academical school at 
Millstone, Somerset county. New Jersey — he determined 
upon law as his profession, and in accordance with this 
determination began reading in the ofhce of the late Archer 
Gifibrd, acting as Inspector of the Customs under that 
gentleman as Collector, and thus gaining his living while 
studying. In 1S39 he was admitted to the New Jersey bar : 
but it may be said of him that he has been a law student all 
his life. This is of course to a certain extent true of all 
lawyers, but it is especially true of him, for his studies have 
been prosecuted far beyond the lines of his practice. He 
has thoroughly investigated the broad field of primitive and 
developed law as existing in the middle and lower ages; 
has traced the evolution and formulation of principles and 
of forms of practice from the earliest times to the present 
day; and, contemporaneously with these studies, he has 
exhaustively examined mediaeval and modern history and 
literature. He is, unquestionably, one of the best read men 
of the present day, and that he has extended his studies over 
so broad a range is due to his exceptional habit of mind 
that enable', him to rapidly grasp and memorize salient facts 
while passing over irrelevant and distracting details. His 
success as a barrister, as may be inferred from the foregoing, 
w.is immediate, and he rapidly rose to be one of the leaders 
of the New Jersey bar — a bar always distinguished for its 
erudition and practical ability. As a corporation lawyer he 
was particularly distinguished. For many years he was a 
Director in and counsel to the Camden & Amboy Railroad 
Company, and he was also counsel to that not less impor- 



tant organization, the Delaware & Raritan Canal Company, 
In suits brought by or .against these great companies, and in 
countless other leading cases, he was constantly in the higher 
courts of the .State, being very frequently in opposition to 
one or other of his old classmates at Rutgers, Hon. Corllandt 
Parker, or Senator Frelinghuysen. Among his leading cases 
may be mentioned the Passaic Bridge causes, which were 
conducted by him on one side and Hon. Cortlandt Parker 
on the other, reaching the Supreme Court of the United 
States in 1S61; and the famous and peculiar Muller will 
case, which occupied the Jersey courts from 1852 to i860, 
when the alleged forged will was established' as to part of 
the realty, though repudiated as to the personalty and never 
set up as to the land not directly sued for in the one suit 
brought. In this case, Messrs. Bradley, A.C. M. Pennington, 
William Pennington, and O. S. Halsted appeared for the 
disputed will, and Runyon, Frelinghuysen, C. Parker, and 
Asa Whitehead against it. The question was raised first in 
the Orphans' Court and then by appeal in the Prerogative 
Court, where the acknowledged will of the testator was 
proved ; then ejectment was brought in the United States 
Circuit Court, and the disputed will established ; then the 
claimants under the prior acknowledged will brought eject- 
ment in the State courts, and obtained a verdict which the 
Supreme Court set aside. This closed the litigation, but the 
mysteiy of the will has never been cleared up. Mr. Bradley 
also appeared in the New Jersey Zinc case; the Belvidere 
Land case; the murder case of Harding, the Methodist 
minister, hung for poisoning his wife, and of Donnelly, who 
assassinated his friend at Long Branch to get back money 
won from him by the murdered man by gaming. As a 
barrister, the Judge was strongest in law arguments before 
the higher courts; he did not excel before juries. In politics, 
until called upon to discharge the high trust of deciding 
arbiter in the Hayes-Tilden Electoral Tribunal, he has taken 
no active part. Originally a Whig, he became upon the 
formation of the Republican party one of its most earnest 
members, but not one of its active workers. Twice only 
has he accepted nomination to office. In 1862 he was 
nominated to represent the Fifth Congressional district of 
New Jersey, but was defeated, by a somewhat large majority, 
by Nehemiah Perry; and in 1S68 he headed the Grant and 
Colfax electoral ticket in his St.ate. His elevation to the 
bench of the Supreme Court of the United States occurred 
in February, 1S70. President Grant had previously nom- 
inated Attorney-General E. R. Hoar to the vacant seat, but 
this nomination had been adversely acted upon by the Sen.ate 
on the ground that the nominee was not a resident of the 
Circuit — the Fifth Judicial Circuit, comprehending the 
districts of Georgia, northern and southern Florida, northern 
and southern Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and ea.stern 
and western Texas — over which he would be called upon to 
preside. Mr. Bradley's name was put in nomination by the 
President on the 7th of February, and was received by the 
Senate with similar objections upon similar grounds. The 



41 6 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.f;DIA. 



Southern senators were particularly urgent in their opposition I the prelude to the great works of his life, from which such 



to his appointment, and the opposition was more or less 
general upon the Democratic side of the House. Upon 
his stating that if appointed it was his intention to reside 
within the confines of his circuit, his case was considerably 
improved ; and, finally, upon the 2lst of March, he was con- 
firmed, the vote standmg forty-six to nine — the minority 
including all of the Southern senators. A year later, in April, 
1 87 1, he came prominently before the public by the delivery of 
a dissenting opinion on the question of the right of the federal 
government to levy and collect a tax upon the income of 
State officers. In May of the same year he delivered the 
preliminary decisions in the cases of Knox vs. Lee, and 
Parker vs. Davis; and in January, 1S72, was one of the five 
Justices who — confirming these decisions — declared the 
validity and constitutionality of the Legal Tender act. In- 
asmuch as this act had been previously declared invalid by 
the Supreme Court in banc by a vote of five to three — .as it was 
held that Justices Bradley and Strong had been elevated to 
the bench for the express puii^ose of reversing this decision 
— and as, in fact, such result flowed from their appointment, 
their action was severely criticised by leading members and 
journals of the Democratic party, being condemned as a 
purely partisan measure. Justice Bradley has abundantly 
vindicated his character from this reproach by several sub- 
sequent decisions in which his opinion has traversed the 
interests of his party : notable among these being his decision, 
rendered in the Grant Parish cases, declaring the Enforce- 
ment act to be unconstitutional. The crowning event of 
his life — an event which made him for the time being the 
most important man in the whole nation, and which, it can- 
not be doubted, has exerted upon tlie future of the nation an 
influence so potent as to be quite inestimable — was his 
selection, January 30th, 1872, by Justices Clifford, Miller, 
Field and Strong as the fifth arbiter in the judicial division 
of the tripartite Electoral Tribunal charged with determining 
the result of the Presidential election in the preceding year, 
lie is married to Mar)-, daughter of the late Joseph C. 
Ilornblower, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of New 
Jersey. 



'fOEBLING, JOHN AUGUSTUS, Engineer, late 
of Trenton, was born in Muhlhausen, Prussia, 
June I2th, 1806. He was educated at the Poly- 
. . p technic School in Berlin, and emigrated to 
GYr America, and settled near Pittsburgh, Pennsyl- 
vania, in 1831. He was engaged as Assistant 
Engineer on the Slackwater navigation of the Beaver, and 
on the Sandy and Beaver Canal, the feeder of the Pennsyl- 
vania Canal. His labors on these enterprises proving his 
high abilities, he was appointed to a position on the survey 
for a route across the Allegheny mountains. Upon this 
survey, adopted for the Pennsylvania Central Railroad, he 
was engaged for three years. But these labors were only 



vast benefits are enjoyed by the community and are yet to 
be enjoyed. He introduced the manufacture of wire rope 
into this countiy, beginning his operations at Pittsburgh, 
and afterward removing them to Trenton, New Jersey, 
where he erected extensive works, capable of turning out 
two thousand tons of wire-rope yearly. But not only did he 
introduce the manufacture of the wire-rope — he was the 
first to use them in the construction of suspension bridges. 
His first work was the suspended aqueduct of the Pennsyl- 
vania Canal across the Allegheny river, completed in May, 
1845. He afterward constructed the Monongahela sus- 
pension bridge at Pittsburgh, and some suspension aqueducts 
on the Delaware & Hudson Canal. In 1851 work was 
becun by him upon the famous suspension railroad bridge 
over the Niagara river, just below the falls. It is one of 
the finest structures of the kind in the country, and perhaps 
in the world. Its span is 821 feet, and its deflection 59 feet. 
In the cables 14,560 wires are employed, and their ultimate 
strength is estimated at 12,000 tons. The elevation of the 
railroad track above the water is 245 feet, and so great is the 
stiffness of the roadway that ordinary trains cause a depres- 
sion of only three to four inches. Work on the bridge was 
completed in 1S55, and although its endurance is severely 
tested by the continual passage of heavy trains, it has thus 
far proved a most complete success. About this time, in the 
year 1854, he removed the Belview bridge at Niagara, and 
replaced it by one constructed by himself, and more adequate 
to the demand upon its powers of resistance. Afterward he 
built the magnificent suspension bridge over the Ohio river 
at Cincinnati, and this work greatly added to his now wide 
reputation as a builder of bridges. It has a total lengtli of 
2,220 feet, and a clear span of 1,057 feet ; is 103 feet above 
low water in the river. The two cables supporting the 
roadway are twelve inches and a half in diameter. This 
structure was completed in 1867. and to this day remains 
one of the sights of Cincinn.ati, which all residents are proud 
of showing to visitors. In 185S-60 he built a fine wne 
bridge over the Allegheny river at Pittsburgh. His latest 
design was for a bridge across the East river from New 
York to Brooklyn, a work that has been in progress for some 
years; which is the most remarkable undertaking of the 
kind ever projected, and which promises immense results. 
Its conception stamps Mr. Roebhng as one of the greatest 
engineers of the age, and its success will cause his name to 
be held in grateful remembrance forever by the immense 
populations of the two great cities of New York and 
Brooklyn, whose dependence upon the uncertain mode of 
transportation furnished by ferry boats has been so mutually 
disadvantageous. It is now ( 1S77) in process of construction 
under the charge of his son, Washington .\. Roebling. The 
bridge will be 3,475 feet long between the anchorages, with 
a clear span over the East river of 1,595 f^^'. '^^ bottom 
chord of which will be 132 feet above the water. The 
supei-structure will consist of an iron framing, eighty five feet 



BIOGRArinCAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 



4'7 



wide, suspended riom four main cables, each sixteen inches 
in diameter, composed of galvanized cast steel wire having 
a strength of 160,000 pounds per square inch of section, 
while the aggregate strength of the main span will be 5,000 
tons. Mr. Roebling is the author of a valuable treatise 011 
" Long and Slioi t Span Bridges," pul)lished in New York in 
1869. He died in Brooklyn, New York, July 22d, 1S69, 
and is succeeded in the business by his son. 



"HAPMAN, REV. JEDEDTATI, Pastor of the 
First Presbyterian Church, Orange, New Jersey, 
late of Geneva, New York, was born in East 
Haddam, Connecticut, September 27th, 1 741, 
and was a descendant in the sixth generation of 
the Hon. Robert Chapman, of Hull, England, 
who came to America in 1635 and settled at Saybrook. 
He was a theological student of the celebrated Bellamy. 
At the conclusion of the usual preparatory course of studies 
at Yale College he graduated from that institution in 1762; 
two years afterward received his license; and having in the 
spring of 1766 preached as a candidate, was ordained and 
settled over the church on the following 22d of July. " He 
entered the parish in his twenty-fifth year, unmarried and poor. 
Vte make the latter statement on authority of tradition, which 
represents that the attention of his parishioners w.as at first 
diviiled somewhat between the wants of his wardrobe and 
the word that he preached. It was enough, however, that 
he was clothed with salvation. They could furnish the 
rest." During the exciting times of the revolutionai^ 
struggle he warmly espoused the American cause, ever 
upholding it with example, voice and pen; and on account 
of his oul'ipoken and fearless loyalty was more than once in 
danger of being kidnapped by the enemy, and carried a 
prisoner to the British camp. On several occasions soldiers 
were sent to capture him, but he eluded them in every case, 
yet several times was obliged to flee the parish and seek 
temporary asylum liehind the mountains, as did many of the 
families of his flock. After the conclusion of the war, on 
the occasion of the Fourth of July ceremonies and rejoic- 
ings, he walked in the procession and always exhibited an 
intense enthusiasm in that cause for which he had risked 
his reput.ation and his life. He was elected to preside over 
the Synod of 17S7, which is notable as being the last meet- 
ing of that body previous to the formation of the General 
Assembly of the church; and on the 17th of May, 1796, 
an academy was opened, of which he was chosen to offl-' 
ciate as President. In May, iSoo, the General Assembly 
elected him missionary to the northwestern boundaries of 
the country, which then lay in western New York, and 
accordingly his relations with his former pastorate were dis- 
solved. He then esiablished his family at Geneva, where 
he supplied a congregation for many years, while perform- 
53 



ing laborious missionary duly in the surrounding region. 
To him was assigned l)y the General Assembly, to which he 
reported annually, the surveying and superintendence of the 
whole missionary field in western Now York. The oldest 
churches in that region — those of Geneva, Romulus, Ovid, 
Rushville, Trumansburg — were organized by him; and he 
lived to witness the accomplishment of that to which all his 
powers were for years devoted — a complete union between 
the Presbyterian and Congregational churches in western 
New Y'oik. About ten months after his settlement over 
the Geneva church as its senior pastor, and after a service 
of more than half a century in the ministry, he rested from 
his labors in the seventy-third year of his age. His last 
illness came upon him in the pulpit while preaching from 
the words, " I have fought a good fight, I have finished my 
course: henceforth there is laid up for me a crown of right- 
eousness," etc. The second year after his settlement at 
Orange, New Jersey, he married Blanche Smith, of Hugue- 
not descent on the maternal side, and of a family that inter- 
married with the Adamses, of Massachusetts. By this 
marriage he had three children : \Yilliam Smith, Robert 
Hctt and John Ilobart, the last of wdiom died in infancy. 
November 2lst, 1773, soon after the death of the infant 
son, his wife also died in the twenty-ninth year of her age. 
His second wife was Margaret Le Conte, daughter of Dr. 
Peter Le Conte, of Middletown, Connecticut. This lady, 
who was slightly his senior in years, adorned to a good old 
age the station she was called to fill. He died May 22d, 
1813. 



CHllM^ILSON, PUSEY, M. D., of Mnnrcstown, New Jer- 
GT I I ^^>'' '"'"* ^om, March Sth, 1S27, in Northampton 
f llli' township, Chester county, Pennsylvania. His 
rJc, ' j) father, Jonathan \ViIson, was a farmer by occupa- 
ci ii tion, but spent many years of his life in \Vilmingto:i, 
Delaware, where he filled acceptably the office of 
Treasurer of the Farmers' Mutual Fire Insurance Company 
of Delaware, and where he died in 1S50. His mother was 
a Miss Sarah M. Jackson, of Delaware. He received his 
early education in the public schools of \Vilmington, from 
which he passed in 1S45 to the Kennett Square (Pennsyl- 
vania) Academy, graduating at the latter institution in 1S49. 
On leaving school he entered the oftice of the Hon. John 
M. Clayton, at ^Vilmington, with the intention of making 
the law his profession; but, his father dying a year later, he 
was called from his studies to look after the business affairs 
of the family, and eventually led to abandon that intention. 
The Farmers' Mutual Fire Insurance Company promptly 
chose him to succeed his father as Treasurer, and he served 
in that capacity for some three years, discharging the duties 
of the place to his own credit and the satisfaction of the 
company. In 1S55 he began the study of medicine with 
Dr. S. S. Brooks, of Philadelphia, Professor of the Practice 



4iS 



EIOGRArillCAL EN'CVCLOr.T.DIA. 



of Medicine in the Hahnemann Mechcal College, at which 
he afterwards attended the regular course of lectures, receiv- 
ing his diploma in March, 1S62, having meanwhile, however, 
practised three years with Dr. Drooks. In 1S62, after 
formally receiving his degree, he removed to Moorestown, 
where he has since resided, in the active and successful 
practice of his profession. The Hahnemann Medical Col- 
lege at Philadelphia, his Alma iMnler, mindful of his pro- 
ficiency as a student, and of his abilities as a practitioner, 
recalled him in 1864 to fill its chair of Anatomy, which he 
held during that year and the following one, accepting then 
the chair of surgery in the same institution, and holding it 
until the close of 1867, when, in consequence of his large 
and increasing practice at home, he resigned. As a med- 
ical teacher he achieved marked distinction. Thoroughly 
grounded in the principles of his profession, versed in its 
literature, and skilled in its practice, with a wide and varied 
experience of life, and rare powers of exposition, he at once 
divined the intellectual needs of the student and effectively 
supplied them, so that the facts and doctrines he inculcated 
were not merely understood, hut assimilated, becoming 
organized knowledge, instead of undigested elements in the 
memoi-y. Not content with instructing, he sought to disci- 
pline and equip, to the end that the student, while acquiring 
positive knowledge, should acquire also the power of using 
it, and, still better, the power of self-acquisition. This end, 
the only one at which a teacher worthy of the name should 
aim, he attained with a measure of success that proved him 
to be a man of general abilities of a high order, as well as 
a master of his profession. Had he felt himself at liberty 
to remain in the faculty of his Alma Mater, there can be 
no doubt that he would have won yet greater eminence as 
a Professor, and contributed largely to the strong impulse 
under which homoeopathy is spreading in this countiy. It 
may be readily imagined that his college took leave of him 
with regret, not only on its own account, but on account of 
the system of practice it represents. Such men are not too 
numerous in any cause, and it is only natural that the cause 
so fortunate as to number one of them among its representa- 
tives and defenders should send him to the front, and strive 
to keep him there. He, however, deemed that his true 
sphere was practice rather than instruction, and, when the 
two could no longer be reconciled with each other in his 
Case, resigned the latter for the former, to which he has 
■since exclusively devoted himself. As may be supposed, 
this devotion has been suitably rewarded. A practitioner 
whose practice is based on so complete a mastery of theory 
could hardly fail of distinguished success, especially when 
to this round of professional qualifications are added per- 
sonal tact and geniality, which in the sick-room are some- 
times not less medicinal than medicine itself. He certainly 
has been eminently successful as a practitioner. In 1S75 
he was elected President of the West Jersey Medical So- 
ciety, and was a delegate to the American Institute of tlo- 
mcKopathy, held at Pluladelphia in June of that year. Al- 



though he has never either held office or sought it, he has 
been a zealous and active member of the Republican party 
from its first organization, having been a delegate, wliile 
residing in Delaware, to the National Convention that nom- 
inated Fremont for the Presidency. And to the sponsor- 
ship which he thus undertook he still remains faithful. He 
was married in 185 1 to Rebecca Pusey, of Chester county, 
Pennsylvania. 

G^fMl ASIHNGTON, HON. PUSIIROD, L.nwyer, one 
llJIi of the Justices of the Supreme Court of the United 
States, Prciiding Justice of the United States 
Circuit Court for the District of New Jersey, late 
of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, was born in Vir- 
ginia in 1759, and was a favorite nephew of 
General George Washington, who devised to him his estate 
at Mount Vernon. He studied law, under the direction of 
his uncle, with J.ames Wilson, of Philadelphia, an eminent 
practitioner, afterward one of the Justices of the United 
.States Supreme Court. On the completion of his studies, 
he entered on the practice of his profession in Virginia, 
acquired an extensive business, and rapidly won a high 
reputation as an able lawyer, and, in the House of Delegates 
and conventions of that State, .as a talented and influential 
member. At the age of thirty-six he was nominated by 
John Adams, and confii-med as one of the Justices of the 
Supreme Court. He was eminently fitted for his high 
office; and his moral and intellectual qualities, his learning, 
integiity, his tireless, patient attention, the knowledge that 
every case would be sul)ject to the most searching and un- 
biased investigation, made him always the object of pro- 
found respect. " He had that temperate but inflexible fii-m- 
ness which resulted from confidence in himself, and is the 
courage of superior minds. His manners and his language, 
spoken and written, were simple and free from anylhing 
approaching to arrogance. He had that great faculty so 
important for a judge, and so difficult of attainment, of re- 
garding only the essential merits of a cause, without being 
influenced by any of its surroundings. He knew the cause 
only by the evidence, and decided it by the law." Once a 
case tried before hlni at Philadelphia, in 1S09, exhibited 
his peculiar qualities in a veiy striking and instructive man- 
ner. It was an indictment against General Bright and 
others for obstructing the process of the United States court, 
and grew out of a contest respecting certain prize money 
between the State of Pennsylvania, as the owner of a priva- 
teer, and an individual of the name of Olmstead. A cer- 
tain portion of the money had been paid to David Ritten- 
house, as Treasurer of the State, and at his death remained 
in the hands of his daughters as executors. The case hav- 
ing been carried into the Continental G^urt of Appeals, that 
court reversed the decree of the State Admiralty Court, and 
awarded all the money to Olmstead. He obtained a decree 



BIOGUArillCAL rXCVCLOr.EDIA. 



419 



in llie Coiivt of Ailmiralty of the Unitcil Stales On- llie pay- 
niciit ol lliis inoiuy to him. The Lcgi^lalul■e of tlic State 
then passed an act requiring tlic executors of Rittenhouse 
to pay tlie money into the State Treasury; and this act was 
passed u))on the ground that the Court of Appeals had no 
jurisdiction of the case, and that its decree of reversal was 
null and void. This act also required the Governor of the 
State to protect the persons and property of the lady execu- 
tors from any process which might be issued out of the 
courts of the United States. In this state of things the case 
was submitted to the Supreme Court, which, after a hear- 
ing, commanded the District Court to issue the required pro- 
cess to enforce its judgment. Kut, by order of the Governor 
of the State, General Bright called out and took command 
of a body of the militia, which surrounded the houses of 
the ladies, and then opposed with force the efforts of- the 
marshal to serve his process. " But, as might be supposed, 
the ladies were not quite pleased to be thus made prisoners, 
and, it was said, soon contrived to surrender themselves to 
the custody of the marshal. At any rate, the process was 
served, and the St.ate, instead of continuing the war, re- 
lieved the ladies by paying the money." For the resist- 
ance Bright and others were indicted, and brought to trial. 
"The learning, the patient hearing, the clear and discrimi- 
nating s.agacity, and the unhesitating fearlessness of the 
Judge, then won for him universal approbation. His charge 
was a fine manifestation of his power to impress a jury with 
their duty to conform to the law; and the defendants were 
found guilty, and adequately punished." He was accus- 
tomed to charge the jury very fully and explicitly, seldom 
leaving it doubtful how he thought the verdict should be 
rendered. " I remember that in a case which involved 
merely a question as to the running of a boundary line, he 
mistook the facts, so that the jury, upon which there hap- 
pened to be a very competent surveyor, found directly con- 
trary to his charge. He received the verdict with very 
evident surprise, but said quietly that he would look into 
the facts of the case very carefully. After doing so, he 
promptly acknowledged his error, and thanked the jury for 
their care to be right, in a matter of fact which belonged to 
them to decide. Most judges would have done substan- 
tially the same thing, but his manner of correcting his own 
error was very simple and pleasant." — Hon. Lucius Q. C. 
Elmer, LL.D. The four volumes of Washington Circuit 
Court Reports contain most of the opinions delivered in the 
Circuit Courts of New Jersey and Pennsylvania during the 
time he presided. In the opinion of an eminent jurist and 
scholar, his style is a fine model of plain, perspicuous En- 
glish, resembling that of Addison and Blackstone. These 
volumes were carefully made up in manuscript, and carried 
with him, before they were printed, to the circuits, lest, as 
he would at times very pleasantly remark, "he might some 
time inadvertently overrule himself, which would be worse 
than merely overruling some other judge." The case of 
Corfield vs. Coryell, reported in 4 Wash. C. R. 371, grew 



out of transactions in Now Jersey, and ever since has been 
considered as establishing the right of a State to jirohibit 
the inhabitants of other States from catching oysters in oy- 
ster beds within its limits. A vessel owned in I'hiladelphi.i 
w.as seized in the year 1S20, while engaged in catching 
oysters in Maurice river cove, in pursuance of the act ori"i- 
nally passed as early as 179S; later the seventh section of 
the act for the preservation of clams and oysters, revised in 
1S46. Several of the persons engaged in making this seiz- 
ure were sued in Philadelphia by the o»;ners of the vessel. 
One case was tried before Judge Ingersoll, in the District 
Court of the city, and under his direction the jury rendered 
a verdict for the defendant. The case against Coryell was 
removed into the Circuit Court of the United States. The 
great point then insisted on for the jilaintilT w.is that the 
act of the Legislature of New Jersey was in violation of 
that clause of the Constitution of the United States which 
provides that " the citizens of each State shall be entitled to all 
privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States." 
I le held that the privileges and immunities protected by this 
clause were only those which are in their nature funda- 
mental, which belong of right to the citizens of all free 
governments, and which have been at all times enjoyed by 
the citizens of the several States which compose the Union, 
from the period of becoming free, independent and sover- 
eign, and did not extend to the privilege of interfering with 
the rights of the citizens of a State to have the exclusive 
privilege of catching fish and oysters within its waters. 
The expense of this litigation was defrayed by the State of 
New Jersey. To quote again from the admir.-ible " Remi- 
niscences of New Jersey," by Hon. L. Q. C. Elmer, LL.D. : 
" I have in my possession, however, one elaborate opinion, 
the last I believe that he prepared, just before his death in 
1S29, which was not printed. The case was argued before 
him and Judge Rossell, at Trenton, about a month before 
he died, by George Wood for the defendant, and by myself 
for the plaintiff. The case had been removed from the 
State court by the defendant, a citizen of Pennsylvania, for 
the express purpose of obtaining a decision, that when a 
bond had been assigned and the payment guaranteed by the 
assignor, if the assignee was directed to proceed against the 
obligor, his Omission to do so would be a sufficient defence 
to an action upon the guarantee, wdiich in this case was 
under seal. The judge, however, adhered to the principle 
established by the Supreme Court of this State (New Jersey) 
in the case of Stout vs. .Stevenson (l South. R. 178), 
namely, that a general guarantee or warranty of payment 
by the assignor of a bond is absolute and co-extensive with 
the instrument assigned, so that the warrantor becomes a 
surety for the payment of the money at the day, if it is as- 
signed before the day of payment, and on demand, if it is 
assigned afterward." In private intercourse he was a very 
agreeable companion, and often told an excellent story, or 
recounted an amusing anecdote, with much effect, and 
humor. He never brought wi b him to Trenton his family 



420 



BIOGRAPHICAL EXCYCLOP.€DIA. 



coach and servants, but came in a hired vehicle with hired 
servants, except a female servant of Mrs. Washington, who 
was in the habit of accompanying her, although a contirmed 
invalid, When not engaged in court he devoted himself to 
her with marked and affectionate assiduity. *' I am happy 
to be able to say that I believe he was a sincere Christian. 
I know that he had the habit of regularly reading prayers 
in his private room. If I was asked, Who of all the judges 
you have known, do you consider to have been the best 
fitted for that high office, taking into the account integrity 
of character, learning, deportment, balance of mind, natural 
temper and disposition, and ability to ascertain and regard 
the true merits of a cause, as determined by the law that he 
was called to administer? I should say, Bushrod Washing- 
ton." — Judge Elmer. He continued to fill the position of 
Presiding Justice of the United States Circuit Court for the 
District of New Jersey, from his first appointment in 179S 
until his death in Philadelphia, November 26th, 1S29. 



I ELCH, ASHBEL, Civil Engineer, was born in 
Madison county. New York, December 4th, 1809. 
His father was originally a farmer, living near 
Windham, Connecticut, on land occupied by his 
ancestors of the same name since about 16S0. His 
grandmother was a great-great-granddaughter 
of William Bradford, w-ho came over in the *' May- 
flower." When he was six or seven years old, the family 
removed to the neighborhood of Utica, where some years 
later he attended the school of Ambrose Kasson. One of 
his classmates there was Horatio Seymour, and one of the 
younger scholars was Ward Hunt. He afterwards studied 
mathematics and natural philosophy at the Albany Academy, 
under Professor Henry, now of the Smithsonian Institution. 
In his eighteenth year he left school (though he never dis- 
continued his studies), and commenced his professional 
career under his brother, Sylvester Welch, on the Lehigh 
Canal. Among his associates in that hard-working corjis 
were W. Milnor Roberts, Solomon W. Roberts, and Edward 
Miller, all of whom afterward became eminent civil engi- 
neers. In 1830 he entered the service of the Delaware 
& Raritan Canal Company, under Canvass W'hite, one of 
the ablest and most original of American engineers. Since 
then he has been a citizen of New Jersey, and since 1832 a 
resident of Lambertville. In 1836 he took charge of the 
works of the canal company, and retained that charge for 
many years, in the meantime constructing several other 
works, among which was the Belvidere Delaware Railroad, 
commenced in 1S50 and finished in 1854. On the 20th 
of December, 1S52, the stockholders of the canal company 
suddenly determined to double the capacity of their locks 
and canal. Mr. Welch organized his staff, drew his plans 
and specifications, procured his materials, employed and 
officered a force of 4,000 men, and finished the work in 



three months, and all within his estimate. One of the 
items of work was 20,000 cubic yards of cement masonry, 
laid in the dead of winter, and kept from freezing by 
housing and artificial heat. From 1S62 to 1S67, as Vice- 
President of the Camden & Amboy Railroad Company, he 
was the executive officer of the " Joint Companies," whose 
works extended across New Jersey. At the beginning of 
1S67 he, with others, effected the consolidation of the New 
Jersey Railroad Company with the '* Joint Companies," thus 
bringing the whole system of railroads and canals between 
New York and Philadelphia into one interest and under 
one management. He was appointed General President of 
the Associated Companies, Hon. Hamilton Fish being vice- 
president, and Hon. Joseph P. Bradley, secretary. This posi- 
tion he held until December 1st, 1S71, when the Penn- 
sylvania Railroad Company took possession of the works 
under their lease. His policy was to improve the works 
connecting the two great cities of the Union in such a man- 
ner as to remove all ground of complaint and all fear of 
competition. Those associated companies are now merged 
into " The United New Jersey Railroad and Canal Com- 
pany." He is still President of the Belvidere Delaware 
and some smaller railroad companies, all operated by 
lessees. Mr. Welch is not merely an administrator, but 
especially an originator. In 1S63 he originated and put in 
operation a system of safety signals on the line between 
New York and Philadelphia (since, we believe, extended 
to Pittsburgh), which h.as entirely prevented the most dan- 
gerous class of accidents, previously so frequent and so fatal. 
The value of this system was especially shown during the 
rush of the Centennial season. It is sometimes confounded 
with the English " Block System," from which, however, 
it differs essentially, and from which Mr. Welch received no 
hint. The system was described in a report by him to the 
National Railroad Convention held in New York in 1S66. 
In 1S66 he invented a pattern of steel rail, more economi- 
cal and forming better connections th.in those in previous 
use, the principles of which are stated at length in his " Re- 
port on Rails," made to the American Society of Civil 
Engineers at its annual convention in 1874. These princi- 
ples have since been extensively recognized and adopted. 
Mr. Welch's efforts have not been confined exclusively to 
his profession. From 1840 to 1845 he was associated with 
Captain Robert F. Stockton in his operations which resulted 
in building the war steamer " Princeton," the first propeller- 
ship ever constructed in America, and in the introduction 
of cannon of extraordinary size, since followed up by Rod- 
man and others. On the invasion of Pennsylvania during 
the late civil war, Professor Bache, to whom had been in- 
trusted the defences of Philadelphia, called him to his 
counsel, but the battle of Gettysburg soon made the funher 
consideration of the subject unnecessary. In 1843 the 
College of New Jersey, at Princeton, conferred on him the 
honorary degree of A. M. He has been a member of the 
Presbyterian Church since 1S32, and an Elder since 1S44, 




QJh^y(^^ut^- {A^£€yk. 



BIOGRArillCAL ENCYCI.Or.EinA. 



and has several times been a member of tlie General Assem- 
bly of that church, lie is an occasional contributor to the 
Princeton Revinu, the principal organ of the Presbyterian 
Church in Amei-ica, his last article being " The Perpetuity 
of the Sabbath." In it he takes the position, never before 
suggested, that many Hebrew local laws were declaratory 
of the moral law, just as many English statute laws are 
declaratory of the common law. For more than a quarter 
of a century he was Superintendent of the Sabbath school, 
and he now conducts the congregational Bible class in the 
Rev. Dr. Studdiford's church. For many years he has 
been a most diligent student of the word of God. Thor- 
oughly orthodox in his belief, he is also independent and 
original in his Bible investigations, taking nothing at second 
hand, but seeking to find for himself the meaning of the 
sacred text. Few laymen have given as much attention as 
he to the study of the Bible, and not many of the clergy are 
better versed in the principles of its interpretation. In poli- 
tics he is not tied to either party organization, but has de- 
cided opinions, one of which has long been in favor of civil 
service reform. He was married in 1S34 to Mary H. 
Seabrook, who died in 1S74, leaving five children, the oldest 
of whom is the widow of Mr. William Cowin, of Lambert- 
ville, and the youngest daughter the wife of Rev. R. Ran- 
dall Hoes, of Mount Holly. His eldest son is interested in 
iron and machinery works at Lambertville. Mr. Welch is 
loved and honored by a large circle of friends, among 
whom, as well as in the world at large, his influence has 
ever been potent for good. Cautious and conservative, yet 
kind and conciliatory, he eminently " follows after the 
things which make for peace." Earnest and independent 
in his search for truth, wise in counsel, public-spirited as a 
citizen, liberal as a benefactor, firm and conscientious in the 
m.iintenance of right, true and faithful in all the relations 
of life, he combines in himself qualities which make him 
one of the most valuable members of society. 



JLACKWELL, HON. JONATHAN HUNT, of 
Trenton, Merchant, and Senator from Mercer 
county, was born at Hopewell, Mercer county. 
New Jersey, December 20th, 1S41. His parents, 
Stephen and Franconia (Hunt) Blackwell, came 
from families resident in this section of the State 
for several generations. Among his maternal ancestors 
were several who participated in the war of the Revolution, 
doinggallant service in the patriot cause. His father is a 
merchant at Hopewell, and highly respected. Jonathan re- 
ceived his early educational training at the public schools in 
the vicinity of his native place, and it was continued in the 
New Jersey Conference Seminaiy, at Pennington, and 
Claverack Collegiate Institute, on the Hudson. At the .age 
of eighteen, on leaving school, he commenced his mercan- 
tile career as clerk in his father's store at Hopewell. Thus 



employed he grew to mnn's esl.-ile. On attaining his ma- 
jority, desirous of olHaining experience in a wider field, he 
entered the extensive wholesale grocery establishment of 
William Dollon. Here he remained for twelve months, 
and shortly afterward engaged in business in New Yoik 
city, where he continued until 1864. In that year he re- 
turned to Trenton .and became associated as a partner with his 
former employer, William Dolton. This partnership has con- 
tinued till the present time, and their business is probably the 
largest of its character in the State. A.man of large activity 
and great public spirit, Mr. Blackwell has always manifested 
great interest in the aff.rirs of the city and the State, devoting 
much time to the promotion of all movements calculated in 
his judgment to develop their natural resources and to im- 
prove their government. In political affiliation he is a 
Democrat, and has been honored by his party with various 
positions of trust and responsibility. In 1873 he was 
elected a member of the Trenton Common Council for 
three years, and in that body he served with great credit to 
himself and satisfaction to his constituents. During the 
succeeding year he was nominated as candidate for State 
Senator, and some idea of his popularity is conveyed in the 
fact that, while the Republicans had previously represented 
the county in the Senate, he was elected by a good majority 
of a largely increased vote, the total being 10,531, against 
9,107 in 187 1. Although the youngest member of the 
Senate, with his party in the minority, his ability received 
immediate recognition in his appointment on several impor- 
tant committees ; among thein those on Education and on 
Banks and Insurance Companies. During the session of 
1877 he was Chairman of the first-named committee, and 
also of that on Claims and Pensions ; a member of those on 
Militia, on Lunatic Asylums, on State Library, and on 
Printing; of the latter he was also Chairman. His career 
as a legislator has deepened the good opinion entertained 
of him by the community, for while warmly attached to 
the Democratic party and desirous of promoting its interests, 
he has never been actuated by partisanship to support any 
measure which he did not deem for the public good. Both 
.as a business man and as a politician he commands the 
highest respect' and esteem of his fellow-citizens. He was 
married, October 5th, 1S65, to Susan Weart, daughter of 
Spencer Weart, Esq., of Mercer county. New Jersey. 



' "^ ROWN, WILLIAM MORTIMER, Physician, late 
of Newark, New Jersey, w.as born in this city, 
September 8th, 1S16. He was one of the most 
faithful, active and influential members of the 
Essex District Medical .Society, and was always at 
his post and punctual in every appointment. Also, 
as one of the deacons of the Third Presbyterian Church, he 
was active in every good work and enterprise. For many 



422 



EIOGRAnilCAL ENCYCLOPEDIA. 



yenrs preceding his decease he was in a feeble state of 
health, and had a marked predisposition to disease of the 
lungs which rendered it unsafe for him to expose himself at 
night. " The disease, however, slowly but insidiously ad- 
vanced till about all available lung was consumed. He 
sunk to his grave 'calmly, like one who wraps the drapery 
of his couch about him, and lies down to pleasant dreams.' 
His manners were quiet and retiring. He was a good phy- 
sician, and enjoyed to a high degree the confidence of his 
fellow-practitioners. He regarded with especial interest the 
esfiit lilt corps of the profession, and was ever mindful of 
its honor and dignity. He was a man of medium size, 
slim, sallow, and bore for years evidence of consumptive 
tendencies."— Dr. J. H. Clark. In 1865 Dr. S. H. Pen- 
nington published, in the "Transactions of the State Medi- 
cal Society," an eloquent and elegant poetical tribute to his 
memoiy. He died in Newark, April 4th, 1864, in the 
forty-eighth year of his age. 



^EWITT, HON. CHARLES, President of the 
Trenton Iron Company, was born in the city of 
New York in 1824. His father, John Hewitt, 
was of English birth ; the ancestors of his 
mother, a Miss Gurne(5, left France at the time 
of the St. Bartholomew massacre. Hon. Abram 
Hewitt is his brother. Charles attended one of the public 
schools of New York until eleven years of age, when, having 
reached the highest class, he was taken from school and 
placed as a clerk with an insurance company in Wall street, 
where he remained about six years. During this service, 
by devoting all spare time at his clerk's desk and the even- 
ings to study, he qualified himself to receive, at seventeen 
years of age, an appointment as teacher in the Grammar 
School of Columbia College, then under the control of the 
eminent linguist and author, Professor Charles Anthon. 
After a few months' service as assistant teacher, he was ap- 
pointed Principal of the third department of the school, a 
position which he continued to hold until 1S45, when he 
accepted a situation in the iron works at Trenton, then 
being erected by the distinguished philanthropist, Peter 
Cooper. In October of this year, and before he had at- 
t.iined his twenty-first year, Columbia College conferred on 
him the honoraiy degree of A. M., thereby indicating the 
high estimation which his talents, scholarship and character 
had won. In his new position he had at first charge of the 
commercial department of the business transacted at the 
works, but in a few years thereafter, when they passed 
under the control of corporate organizations, the sphere of 
his duties was enlarged, and he became the General Man- 
ager, controlling both the commercial and manufacturing 
departments of the business at Trenton. The two large 
establishments now belonging to the New Jersey Steel and 
Iron Company and the Trenton Iron Company were for 



many years operated under 6ne corporate Organization, and 
were during that time m.anaged by him. He is now the 
President of the Trenton Iron Company, Edwin F. Bedell 
being secretary, and James Hall, treasurer. This corpora- 
tion was organized in 1847. In 1854 it owned the .Andover, 
Roseville, and other mines, and the Ringwood estate; three 
blast furnaces (now the property of the Andover Iron Com- 
pany) at Phillipsburg, New Jersey; a rolling and puddling 
mill (now the property of the New Jersey Steel and Iron 
Company) at Trenton, and the Trenton Water Power, be- 
sides a rolling mill and a wire mill in the last-named city. 
Only the last two are now retained by the company, it 
having been found desirable to divide the various former 
interests. The capacity of the rolling mill is 14,000 tons 
per annum ; it has 6 heating furnaces ; 4 trains of rolls, 19, 
12, 10 and 8 inch respectively; 2 steam hammers; 12 sink- 
ing fires, and 2 refining fires. Of the wire mill the capacity 
is 7,000 tons per annum. The products are bar-iron, 
wire and brazier rods ; market, fence, telegraph, screw, 
bridge, rope, weaving, coppered and tinned, bale, h.ay-bale, 
spring (iron and steel), buckle, square, flat, and half round, 
cast-steel, Martin steel and Bessemer steel wire, and fence 
staples. So judicious is the management of the works, that 
even in the troublous labor agitations, through which the 
country has passed of late years, strikes h.ave been unknown. 
The men now in the employ are to a great extent those who 
have grown up with the works, and when a change in 
values renders a reduction in wages a business necessity, 
Mr. Hewitt invariably gives notice of the proposed reduc- 
tion several weeks before it takes effect. During this inter- 
val any arguments advanced by the workmen are patiently 
listened to, any demonstrated injustice remedied, and so in 
all cases tha change is explained satisfactorily to the men. 
By this course the hands are kept in full sympathy with 
their employer. The advantage of this to the works is very 
apparent. Feeling that their personal interests and the 
prosperity of the company are one and the .same, the men 
at the furnace and at the rolls labor with their best energies 
to maintain, so far as in them lies, the welfare of the con- 
cern. Mr. Hewitt is eminently a man of affairs, manifests 
a large public spirit, and is characterized by an apparently 
inexhaustible energy. Besides carefully conserving and 
promoting the interests of the industrial institution to 
which his attention is primarily directed, he has been and 
is now prominently identified with various public and cor- 
porate bodies. Within the last thirty years he has been 
Vice-President of the New Jersey Steel and Iron Company, 
President and Superintendent of the Trenton Water Power 
Company, President of the National Pottery Company, a 
member of the Common Council of the city, and President 
of its Board of Trade. He is now President of the Trenton 
Iron Company, a Manager of the Trenton Savings Fund 
Society, and one of the Managers of the State Lunatic 
Asylum, at Trenton. In 1 87 1 he was elected to represent 
Mercer county in the State Senate, and was appointed 



BIOGRAPHICAL LNCVCLOP/EDIA. 



423 



Chairm:in of llie Committee on luhication, also of that 
on Stale Prison, anti a member of several otliers of 
im|X)rtance. During his senatorship he took the leading 
part in the worl< and discussions which led to the enactment, 
in the last year of his term, of the general railroad law, and 
at all times displayed an active interest in the educational 
affairs of the State. He has, in common with other mem- 
bers of the Trenton Board of Trade, labored effectively to 
promote the growth and prosperity of that city, and espe- 
cially for the better utilization of the water-power of the 
river Delaware. And not only is his genius administrative, 
it is inventive. He has perfected a number of inventions 
that have proved of great value in the manufacture of iron, 
among which may be especially mentioned an arrangement 
for moving iron at the rolls, by means of which the manu- 
facture of rolled beams and girders, and other heavy iron, 
has been greatly facilitated. Indeed, his career has been 
wholly honorable and successful, whether as a business man 
or a mover in public affairs, and he very naturally holds a 
high place in the confidence and esteem of the community 
for whose best interests he has labored so intelligently and 
conscientiously. 



r'^^ 



OSSELL, HON. WILLIAM, Judge of the Dis- 



trict Court of the United States for New Jersey, 
late of New Jersey, was born in 1755-65. " He 
i,, , was an honest, industrious judge, of excellent 
(3 'V character and good judgment, who was elected by 
the Republicans, as he once said to me himself, 
because they had no good lawyer of the party in the western 
jLirt of the Slate, willing and fit to take the office, and be- 
cause, being an active and influential politician in Burlington 
county, where he resided, he had been for that reason per- 
secuted by some of the Federalists." — Hon. L. Q. C. 
Elmer. , For many years after he became Judge he was one 
of the most prominent leaders of the Democratic party in the 
St.ite, but was never accused of allowing his political views 
and sentiments to influence his conduct on the bench. " His 
good sense led him generally to concur with the chief-justice, 
and some of his reported opinions read very well. But his 
total lack of legal knowledge, especially in matters of prac- 
tice and pleading, was so much complained of by the law- 
yers of the circuit which he attended," that, in 1820, an act 
was passed, requiring the justices of the Supreme Court so 
to arrange the several circuits in the State, there being no 
judicial districts established by law, as now, that no justice 
should hold the Circuit Court in the same county two terms 
in succession, unless in the opinion of the court there should 
be a necessity therefor. This stringent law continued in 
force and was complied with, to the serious inconvenience 
of the judges, until 1846. When it was passed, there were 
two Circuit Courts held each year in all the counties, thir- 
teen in number, except Cnpe May, in which there was but 
one. The other courts had four terms in each year until 



1S55, when a reduction to three was effected, and the Circuit 
Courts in all the counties were required to have three terms 
yearly. Upon the death of Judge Pennington, in 1S26, he 
was strongly recommended for, and received the nppomt- 
ment of, Judge of the District Court of the United States for 
New Jersey, a place at that time of great respectability and 
very little labor, " like the common bench in Engl.-uid at the 
same period," to which judges were glad to retire from more 
arduous duties. When he relinquished his seat on the 
bench of the Supreme Court, a meeting .of the bar, under 
the lead of Hon. Mr. Frelinghuysen, adopted resolutions 
highly complimentary of his faithful performance of the 
duties of his office. He died in 1840, at an advanced age. 



cLENAIIAN, ROBERT MILLS, M. D., late of 
New Hampton, was born at Pennington, New 
Jersey, October 19th, 1817, and was the son of 
Rev. Mr. McLenahan,apreacher of the Methodist 
Episcopal Church. His early education was ob- 
tained in his native place, where he also com- 
menced the study of medicine with Dr. Joseph Welling, 
He afterward graduated at the New York Medical College 
in 1836. Soon after receiving his degree he commenced 
practice at New Hampton, New Jersey. His genial and 
winning manners, combined with professional abilities of 
a high order, soon won him a reputation and a practice of 
proportions seldom reached by a country physici.an. Indeed, 
so extended did his responsibilities become that, about i860, 
he invited Dr. Howard Service to come to New Hampton, 
and render him the relief that his failing health rendered it 
absolutely essential that he should have. After entering 
into this arrangement he gradually withdrew from practice. 
His health continued to fail, and on April 28th, 1S64, he 
died, being then in his forty-seventh year. He was greatly 
missed by a large circle of friends and acquaintances, to 
whom a lifetime association had endeared him. He was 
twice married, his first wife being Christiana, daughter of the 
late Aaron Van Syckel, Esq., who died March 8th, 1856; 
and his second a Miss Johnston, who survives him. 



OUTHARD, HENRY, M. D., late of Somerville, 
son of the Hon. Isaac Southard, and a grandson 
of the Hon. Henry Southard, of revolutionary 
fame, was born in Somerset county, New Jersey, 
M,arch 27th, iSil. Having studied medicine, he 
was duly licensed by the State Board of Censors, 
and after practising successively at Flemington, Asbury 
Danville, Belvidere, and Phillipsburg, he finally established 
himself in Somerville, Hunterdon county, where he re- 
mained in active practice for a number of years. He was a 



424 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 



niemher of the Iliinterdon County Medical Society, of 
which he was for a time Secretfli"y; was a member of the 
New Jersey Medical Society, and in 1S47 was a member 
of tlie State Board of Censors. During his residence in 
Phillipshiirg he married Louisa Maxwell. He died October 
13'h, 1S59. 



ELSEY, ENOS, Merchant, Revolutionary Patriot, 
Treasurer of Princeton College, late of Prince- 
ton, was a native of New Jersey, and was born 
in the middle of the last century. After his 
graduation from Princeton College he settled as 
a merchant in the city of his Alma Mater, and 
there resided, engaged in business pursuits, until the time 
of his decease. During the troublous days of the Revolu- 
tion he held a responsible office in the Clothier-General's 
office, under the State government. There is a letter of his 
preserved in the " Revolutionary Correspondence of New 
Jersey," addressed to the Speaker of the Assembly, dated 
October 4tli, 1779, in which he makes an estimate of the 
cost of clothing the Jersey troops. " He proposes to go 
himself to Boston and make the purchases, and thinks that 
by the proposed scheme he can save the State ten thousand 
pounds in the purchase." He was intimately identified 
with Princeton College, and for many years officiated as 
Treasurer of that institution. He died in Princeton, New 
Jersey, in 1809 or iSlo. 

r 

'ALHOUN, JAMES THEODORE, Physician and 
Surgeon, late of Rahway, New Jersey, was born 
there, September I7lh, 1S3S, and commenced the 
study of medicine at the age of sixteen, in the 
office of Dr. Samuel Abernethy, also of Rahway, 
who always evinced a warm interest in him. 
March 17th, 1859, he graduated at the University of Penn- 
sylvania, Philadelphia, and at once entered upon the active 
practice of his profession at Rahway, where he was engaged 
during the ensuing two years. In June, 1S61, he entered 
the Union army, as Assistant-Surgeon of the (5lh Excelsior) 
74th New York Volunteer Regiment; in May, 1S63, re- 
ceived an appointment as Assistant-Surgeon in the regular 
army; and, .September 24th, 1864, was assigned to duty as 
Surgeon in charge of the ^Vard United States Army Gen- 
eral Hospital. In September, 1865, the hospital at Newark 
was discontinued, and he superintended the sales of the 
government hospitals in the Department of the East, after 
which he became Medical Director of Transportation at 
New York city, where he remained from December, 1865, 
until the middle of May, 1S66, when he was placed on the 
board of officers appointed by the government to examine 
and decide upon cholera disinfectants, more particularly the 
" Phcenix Disinfectant," upon which he did not report 



favorably. He visited several places for the purpose of 
trying it, including Davicfs Island, New York harbor, 
where he tried it upon spoiled eggs. He was about to be 
ordered to Augusta, Maine, when an exchange was made 
between Assistant-Surgeon Harvey Brown and himself, and 
he was ordered, on the 4lh of June, 1S66, to Hart's Island, 
as Post Surgeon, relieving Dr. Brown. He took an active 
part with his regimental the siege of Yorktown; also in 
the battles of Williamsburg, Fair Oaks, and those of the 
Seven Days' Fight ; and was present at the siege of Rich- 
mond and the action known as Hooker's Malvern; also 
at the battles of Bristow's Station, second Bull Run, and 
Chantilly, of Pope's campaign. " I was present with my 
regiment at the battle of Fredericksburg, and, under the 
new regulations of the Medical Department, was detailed 
as ' operating surgeon ' of my brigade. I passed a satisfac- 
tory examination before the Regular Army Medical Board, 
and immediately thereafter, without solicitation on my part, 
I was appointed Surgeon-in-Chief of the Second Division, 
Third Corps, commanded by Major-General Berry." While 
in command at Newark he planned and constructed a 
new hospital, its enclosure containing t%venty-four acres 
of ground ; and he served respectively upon the staffs of 
Major-Generals Berry, Binney, Sickles, Humphrey, Mott, 
Prince, Carr, Hancock, French and Graham. While at 
Gettysburg the medical director of the corps. Dr. Thomas 
Sims, was called upon to accompany General Sickles to 
Washington, and this occasioned his placing on duty as 
.-\cting Medical Director of the corps. How well he ac- 
quitted himself of the heavy responsibilities then thrown 
upon him is best told by the fact that, although at this time 
almost the junior Assistant-Surgeon of the regular army, he 
was continued on duty asActing Medical Director of the 
corps through its subsequent marches in pursuit of the Con- 
federate army, including the affair at "\Vapping Heights," 
and until it w-ent into camp at the Rappahannock, when he 
rejoined his division. Dr. Dougherty also bears ample 
testimony to his activity, his faithfulness and his executive 
ability : " While at Brandy Station we had a Division 
Medical Society, which was probably the most vigorous 
and useful of any in the army. Its efficacy was mainly due 

to his earnest endeavors and professional prelections 

During General Grant's campaign to Petersburg he dis- 
played admirable qualities. The wounded had im])licit 
confidence in him, and preferred his attentions to those of 
any other; while his superior energy and activity caused 
him to be selected for the charge of the colored hospital at 
City Point. He raised it from a despicable position to the 
first rank, eliciting the warm commendation of the chief 

medical officers " At Gettysburg, also, where he 

assisted in the amputation of the leg of General Sickles, 
Dr. Dougherty says of him : " In this bloody fight his en- 
ergies and resources were taxed to the utmost, but he was 
never found wanting;" while the same able physician de- 
clares that " he not only systematiied and improvised his 



lUOGRAPIIICAL ENXYCLOP.F.DIA. 



4--5 



hospitals, but he was the best operator in them." While 
quite young in the profession he wrote an excellent article 
on the " Influences of Mill- Dams" in Rahway, which con- 
tributed greatly to accomplish their removal, and conse- 
quently a notable change in the liealtlifulness of the town; 
while in a series of articles, published in the Pliiladelphia 
Medical Reporter, he gave to the profession some of the 
results of his observations and experience during the war. 
May 3d, 1865, he was married to Nora C. Orr, by whom 
he had one child, which died at Newark, New Jersey, of 
cholera infantum, July 2Sth, 1S66. He died July iglh, 
1866, at Hart's Island, New York, of Asiatic cholera. Ilis 
remains were ultimately removed, in accordance with a re- 
quest made by him before death, to Rahway, New Jersey; 
and, Febru.-iry 22d, 1867, the funeral services were held at 
the Second Presbyterian Church, of which he had been a 
member. After the service the regulars, escorted by tlie 
New Jersey Veteran Volunteers and the New Jersey Rifle 
Corps, marched to the cemetery of Hazehvood, where they 
met the remains. The coffin was enveloped in the United 
States flag, and on it were laid his sword, sash and cap ; a 
crown of immortelles, and an anchor and cross of white 
flowers. His deceased son, Charles, was placed in the 
same tomb with him, after which Rev. Mr. Hodges read 
the conclusion of the burial service, and the permanent 
party from Governor's Island fired the military salute. 
Many distinguished characters, public and private, attended 
the funeral, and the people of Rahway united their efforts 
to testify their respect to his memory ; the houses were 
draped with mourning, and the flags placed at half-mast 
throughout the place. He received two brevets for faithful 
and meritorious services during the war, dating from the 
13th of March, 1S65; and since his death the President 
has brevetted him Lieutenant-Colonel in the regular army, 
" for distinguished and meritorious services at Hart 
Island, New York, where cholera prevailed, to date froi 
the iglh of July, 1 866." 



' ",ARCLAV, REV. DAVID, Clergyman, late of 
Punxatawny, Pennsylvania, was born in New 
Jersey, in the last quarter of the past century, 
and studied at Princeton College, graduating in 
1790-92 from that institution. After leaving 
Princeton he applied his time and attention to 
the study of theology; and, December 3d, 1794, was or- 
dained by the Presbytery of New Brunswick, and installed 
as pastor of the church at Bound Brook, where he remained 
until April, 1805. At this date, on account of some troubles, 
he abandoned his charge there, and in June became pastor 
of Knowlton, Oxford and Lower Mount Bethel churches. 
New Jersey, there continuing his labors until 181 1. He 
was a man of decided ability ; quick, earnest and energetic 
in his motions and his speech ; of stout, athletic frame, but 
54 



of an impetuous and impnident temperament. He was 
constantly involved in troubles and disputes with his con- 
gregations, and one of his elders, Jacob Ker, pul)lished a 
volume of more than 400 pages, entitled " The Several 
Trials of David Barclay before the Presbytery of New 
Brunswick and Synod of New York and New Jersey." On 
the 25th of April, 1819, he was dismissed to the Presbytery 
of Redstone, and took up his residence in Punxatawny, 
Pennsylvania, where he died in 1S46. 



ART, JOHN SEELY, LL. D., Scholar and Au- 
thor, late of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, was 
born in Old Stockbridge, Berkshire county, Mas- 
sachusetts, on January 2Sth, iSlo; but when he 
was only two years old his father, with some 
other families, removed into Pennsylvania, and 
settled in Providence township, on the Lackawanna, which 
was then a wilderness. Here he continued until 1823, 
when his father acquired a mill-privilege at Laurel run, 
then about two miles above Wilkesbarre, in the valley of 
Wyoming. When a boy he was very sickly, and adjudged 
unfit for any employment requiring physical strength; so 
arrangements were made to get him educated for a teacher, 
and in his fifteenth year he entered the Wilkesbarre Acad- 
emy. By diligent use of the opportunities afforded him 
here, in three years he was well fitted for college. In the 
fall of 1827 he entered the sophomore class of the College 
of New Jersey, and graduated in 1830, with the first honors 
of his class. He then went South, and was for one year 
Principal of the academy at Natchez, Mississippi. Return- 
ing to New Jersey, in the fall of 1831 he entered the Theo- 
logical Seminary at Princeton. During the last two years 
of his attendance at the seniinaiy he acted as tutor in the 
college, and in 1834 he was appointed Adjunct Professor 
of Ancient Languages. During this period he paid much 
attention to the study of Hebrew and Arabic, studying the 
latter under Addison Alexander. He was licensed to 
preach by the Presbytery of New Brunswick in 1835, but 
in the following year he was induced to become Principal 
of the Edgehill Fitting School, at Princeton, and, regarding 
it as a permanent field of usefulness, requested the presby- 
leiy to take back his license, which was formally cancelled. 
lie continued in the management of the Edgehill for five 
years. In September, 1842, he was elected Principal of 
the Central High School, of Philadelphia. It was here 
that he became best known to the citizens of Philadelphia, 
and under his management the High School flourished and 
became extremely popular. This position he occupied until 
1859, receiving during his incumbency, in the year 1S48, 
the degree of LL. D. from the University of Miami. Some 
time after his retirement from the High School, in the year 
i860, he became connected with the American Sunday. 



426 



BIOGRArniCAL EXCYCLOr.EDIA. 



School Union, as the editor of its publications. During this i 
engagement he projected the Sunday- School Times, of I 
which he remained the senior editor until the spring of : 
1 87 1. From 1S62 to 1S71 he was connected wilh the New 
Jersey State Normal School, at Trenton — one year as head 
of the model department, and the remainder of the time as 
principal of the institution. After much solicitation on the 1 
part of Dr. McCosh and the faculty at Princeton, and much j 
hesitation and many refusals on the part of Professor Hart, 
he was in 1872 induced to take the Professorship of Rhet- j 
oric and of the English Language and Literature in that ! 
institution, .agreeing to remain only until a successor could j 
be found. He occupied this chair about two years, having j 
been a teacher over forty years and having had over 7,000 
pupils confided to his direct care and training. His literary 
works are exceedingly numerous and valuable, and several 
of them are used as text-books in the public schools of 
Philadelphia. He commenced to write for publication as 
early as his twenty-fifth year, contributing to the Princeton 
Jxeview a series of articles on "Jenkyn on the Atonement;" 
" Tlie English Bible ; " " Tyndale's New Testament ; " 
*' The Revised Webster;'* **An Argument for Common 
Schools;" "Normal Schools;" and "The English Lan- 
guage." In 1S44 he edited the Common Sc/wo/ yotirnal, 
"Hart's Class Book of Poetry " and " Hart's Class Book 
of Prose." In 1845 he edited the philological volume of 
the " United States Exploring Expedition," during the ab- 
sence of Mr. Hale, its author, in Europe. In the same 
year he published "An Exposition of the Constitution of the 
United States for the Use of Schools," and an " English 
Grammar." In 1847 he published his first original volume, 
".\n Essay on Spenser, and the Fairy Queen." From Janu- 
ary, 1849, to July, 1 85 1, he edited Sarlain's Magazine. In 
1S51 he published "The Fem.ale Prose Writers of America," 
an enlarged edition of which was issued in 1S56. In 1853 
he published "A Greek and Roman Mythology." About 
this time he was also engaged in editing some eight or ten 
literary annuals. From 1862 to 1870 he published a series 
of pamphlets and minor writings. " The Bible as an Edu- 
cational Power Among the Nations;" " Mistakes of Edu- 
cated Men ; " " Pennsylvania Coal and its Carriers ; " 
"Thoughts on Sabbath-Schools;" " Counsels for the School 
Room;" "The Golden Censer; "and "Thoughts on the 
Lord's Prayer." These were succeeded by several works 
on practical piety, the " Sunday-School Idea, its Objects, 
Oi'ganization, etc." In 1870 he published two such works, 
viz. : " Removing Mountains," and " Life Lessons from the 
Gospels." His latest publications have been of an educa- 
tional character, such as "A Manual of Composition and 
Rhetoric," and "First Lessons in Composition," 1870; "A 
Manual of English Literature," 1872; "A Manual of Amer- 
ican Literature," 1873; "A Short Course in Literature, 
English and American," 1873; ^"<^ since then "An Analy- 
sis of English Grammar," and " Language Lessons." The 
two latter were published after he returned from Princeton. 



He was also a large contributor to the periodical press. A 
day or two after the accident which resulted in his death, 
he said to his publisher that he should probably be confined 
to his room for several months, and that during that time 
he ]iroposed to prepare for the press a work which should 
lie the masterpiece of his life — a grammar of grammars — 
the materials for which he hr.d been collecting for many 
ye.ars. This accident occurred on January 17th, 1877. He 
had consented to read and criticise a manuscript submitted 
to him by a young lady of literary aspirations, and, having 
completed his self-imjiosed task, started on that evening ti5 
return the manuscript to its author. On the way he slipped 
and fell on the icy sidewalk, breaking his hip, and sustain- 
ing severe internal injuries. A few days later he fell into 
a comatose condition, in which he remained almost con- 
stantly until his death, on March 26th, 1877. The accident 
interrupted a course of noon- day lectures on Shakspearc, 
being delivered at the Girls' Normal School. He was fur 
many years a leading member of the Tenth Presbyterian 
Church, Philadelphia, and w^as Superintendent of the Sun- 
day-school up to the time of his accident. He left a widow 
and one son. Professor J. Morgan Hart, of the University 
of Cincinnati, Ohio. His scholarship was extensive and 
varied, and he was an excellent teacher. He had the art 
of exciting an interest in the topics of which he wrote or 
spoke, and he personally commanded the affectionate re- 
spect of his pupils, so that the m.any hundreds of young 
men who have been under his care will acknowledge their 
indebtedness to him for much of their literary training. 
With all his amiability of character, he was a man of great 
firmness, a good disciplinarian and a good business man, 
and his long career as a teacher and a writer was both use- 
ful and successful. He made many friends and kept them, 
and left behind a justly honored name. Respecting the 
man and his influence in the cause of education, the Even- 
ing Telegraph, of Philadelphia, on the day following his 
death, said : " It seems proper to say that Mr. Hart was 
one of the strongest and most devoted workers in that 
cause that this country has produced. He was an enthu- 
siast — and this notwithstanding the fact that he had an 
indrawn and undemonstrative nature. Ag.ain, he made 
serious sacrifices in devoting himself to teaching. Though 
a good teacher, he would have made a better lawyer ; he 
had the real analytic legal brain, and all who knew him 
well made 110 secret of their belief that he might have 
ranked among the luminaries of the Philadelphia bar if he 
had so chosen; but he looked at life as involving some- 
thing more than personal ambition and success. The 
educational cause was a profound matter of conscience with 
him, and the whole labor of a long life, with the excejilion 
of various literary relaxations, was given to what may be 
called, in opposition to a more brilliant career which he 
might have chosen, humble and self-sacrificing toil. There 
are not many such instances in our school history, ami 
when they occur they should be noted with especial liouur. 



KIOnRAnilCAI, ENCVCLOI'.-EDIA. 



427 



Professor Hart's name is associated with Princeton College, 
■with the New Jersey Normal School, and with other lar^je 
educational interests, bnt in this locality he is chiefly known 
through his long direction of the Boys' High School. In 
point of fact, he placed that now representative American 
school on a solid foundation — of discipline and accomplish- 
ment, and of popular confidence. He found it in a state 
of feebleness, and at a time when it was highly unlikely 
that the scheme of so advanced a shoot of the public school 
system could flourish — and in his term of office he demon- 
strated very clearly that this mingling of school and college 
could be made a reality. He had many pupils in this lo- 
cality who, from under his wise and careful ruling, passed 
into the working world to take places of honor and trust, 
and few men could be followed to the grave with a larger 
respect than will be offered him, and with greater sympathy 
and sense of personal obligation." 






45 



^ 



"sILES, GENERAL JAMES, Lawyer, Officer in the 
Revolutionary Army, President of the Cumber- 
land Bank, late of Bridgeton, New Jersey, was 
born in New York, in 1759. His parents were 
^'^^0 from England, and do not appear to have had 
any relatives in this country. His father subse- 
quently returned to the mother country, to be ordained as a 
minister of the Episcopal Church ; on his return the vessel 
in which he came was wrecked, in a violent snow storm, 
at the entrance of Delaware Bay, and he with others found 
there a watery grave ; his body was said to have been buried 
in an old graveyard at New England Town, in Cape May 
county, now nearly or quite washed away by the encroach- 
ment of the bay; but the exact situation of the grave has 
never been satisfactorily defined. At an early period of the 
revolutionary struggle he was appointed to a Lieutenancy 
in the 2d, or New York, Regiment of Artillery, and con- 
tinued in service until 1782, in which year he became a 
student at law with Joseph Bloomfield, then resident at 
Trenton. In 17S0 he was attached to the command of 
Lafayette, and served under him in Virginia, being one 
of the officers who received from the gallant hero a sword, 
brought from France, which is now in the possession of the 
Historical Society of New Jersey. When his old com- 
mander revisited this country, in 1S24, this sword was 
handsomely remounted, and worn when he was received 
by the Society of Cincinnati of New Jersey, of which he 
■was a member. It was said at the time that the general 
received him with great cordiality, immediately recognized 
him, and warmly greeted him by name. He was for sev- 
eral years General of the Cumberland brigade of militia, 
and was commonly addressed by that title. In 1783 he 
was licensed as an attorney, and in due time as a counsel 



he was licensed he married the sister of General Bloom- 
field, and took up his residence in his native city, where he 
was admitted to the bar. " In the first ' Directory' of tliit 
city, published in 17S6, in llie li^t of lawyers is found the 
name, 'James Giles, E^q., 65 Maiden lane.'" In 1788 he 
removed with his family to Bridgeton, where he resided 
dunng the remainder of his life. In the ensuing year he 
was appointed by the Legislature, in joint meeting, Cltrk 
of the county; and, being twice reappointed, held that office 
during a period of fifteen years. Being at that time entilird 
also to practise law, he had quite an exi'ensive and, for that 
day, lucrative business. In 1793 he built for his own occu- 
pation a mansion, which, with its ornamental grounds and 
rich furniture, was the finest residence in the place; and 
also accumulated the largest libraiy, both of law and mis- 
cellaneous books, in South Jersey. He was a well-read 
lawyer and safe counsellor, and excellent, though not bril- 
liant, as an advocate. " He was a small man, precise in 
his dress, and remarkably erect and graceful, but very slow 
in his movements and in all he did. At the circuits he was 
one of the most genial and delightful companions. The 
legal documents he drew were marked by great neatness 
and precision." About 1S05 his friends confidently ex- 
pected that he would be elected one of the justices of the 
Supreme Court, although a majority of the joint meeting 
was politically opposed to him ; but the result was that the 
law authorizing three associate judges was repealed. Dur- 
ing the latter years of his life he held the position of Presi- 
dent of the Cumberland Bank; and died at Bridgeton, New 
Jersey, in 1S25. He h.ad a large family of children, most 
of whom died young. James G. Hampton, educated for the 
bar, who graduated at Princeton in 1835, and represented 
the First District in Congress two terms, and who died in 
1863, was a grandson. " Now all have passed .away ; not a 
single individual of kin to General Giles, and only remote 
kindred on the side of Mrs. Giles, remain in the Slate. 
His name will be found a few times as counsel in the early 
reports; but his business was neariy all confined to ihe 
counties of Cumberiand and Cape M.iy. A beautiful daugh- 
ter, who married Mr. Inskeep, of Philadelphia, of the firm 
of Bradford & Inskeep, booksellers, removed many years 
ago to New Orleans, and had several daughters, who in- 
herited some of their mother's beauty, whose descendants 
are still living there, and occupy respectable positions in 
society." 






IVING.STON, HON. HENRY BROCKHOLST, 
Officer in the Revolutionary Army, Associate-Jus- 
tice of the Supreme Court of the United States, 
late of Washington, District of Columbia, was 
born in New Jersey, in the first half of the last 
century, and was the son of Governor William 



lor, and in 1804 was made a serjeant-at-law. Shortly after I Livingston, of New Jersey. He graduated at Princeton 



428 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOr.EDIA. 



College. In 1776 he entered tlie military family of Gen- 
eral Schuyler, Commander of the Northern army, and was 
subsequently attached to the suite of Arnold at the time of 



success as a practitioner, and he speedily became possessed 
of a large, increasing and lucrative practice. He is devoted 
to his profession, and, still retaining his habits of study, he 



the capture of Burgoyne. In 1779, when Mr. Jay, who keeps himself fully up with the progress made in medical 



had married his sister, repaired to the Court of Spain, he 
accompanied him as his Private Secretary. After three 
years' absence he returned to his native country, and, at the 
expiration of the usual period of study and probation, was 
admitted to the bar in 17S3. On the 8th of June, 1802, he 
was appointed Judge of the Supreme Court of New York ; 
and in Noveni'.ier, 1S06, was appointed Associate-Judge of 
the Supreme Court of the United States. " His mind was 
acute and powerful, and he was distinguished as a scholar 
and a jurist." He died in Washington, during a session 
of the court, March iSth, 1S23. 



ce, and thereby he has won a high and recognized 
position in the front rank of medical practitioners. He is 
one of the Judicial Council of the United States Medical 
Society, and other official honors bestowed upon him from 
time to time attest the estimation in which he is held by h^s 
professional brethren. His devotion to his profession does 
not prevent his being active as a public-spirited citizen, and 
he has always been prominent in works of public improve- 
ment and benefit. He was one of the incorporators of the 
Morris County Savings Bank, of which institution he is one 
of the Directors. He is also a Director of the Evergreen 
Cemetery, at Morristown. He was married, in 1849, to 
Mary E. Wetmore, of Morristown. 



fLAGLER, THOMAS E., M. D., Physician, of 
Morristown, was born, August 2Ist, 1823, in the 
town of Lagrange, Dutchess county. New York. 
His father was Aliraham Flagler, a farmer and 
himself a native of Lagrange; and his mother 
W.1S Elizabeth (Burtis) Flagler. The Flagler 
family is of Dutch origin, and the founders of the American 
branch, bearing then the name of Van Vluglen, came from 
Holland to this country in the early p.irt of the seventeenth 
century. The Van Vluglens established themselves at the 
village of Nine Partners, so named from the fact that the 
land on which it stands w.-is owned and the village founded 
by nine men in partnership ; and there the family has ever 
since been strongly represented. The education of Thomas 
B. Flakier was received at Poughkeepsie. He was an 
earnest and industrious student, and his advancement in 
his studies was rapid and marked. In considering the 
choice of a profession, he had early decided upon that of 
medicine, and in the year 1839 he commenced his prelimi- 
nary medic.ll studies in the office of Dr. John Cooper, of 
Poughkeepsie. His habit of close and diligent study, 
added to great natural aptitude for the profession he had 
chosen, insured his rapid advancement under the instruc- 
tion he received, and he was soon well grounded in the 
elements of professional knowledge. In due course of time 
he commenced attending the College of Physicians and 
Surgeons, in New York, in which institution he went 
through two regular courses. In addition to this he at- 
tended a course of lectures at the Albany Medical College. 
He received his diploma in the ye.ir 1844, and immediately 
thereafter commenced the practice of his profession in 
Poughkeepsie. He remained there a year, gaining in that 
time rapid and substantial professional success. At the 
end of the year he removed to Morristown, New Jersey, 
where he has ever since remained. His large medical 
knowledge, his zeal in his profession and his high natural 
qualifications for meeting all its requirements, insured his 



UNT, REV. HOLLOW.W WHITEFIELD, late 
of Hunterdon county, was born in New Jersey, 
in the last quarter of the eighteenth century, and 
graduated from Princeton College. He received 
license from the Presbytery of New Brunswick 
about 1792, and on the 17th of June, 1795, was 
ordained and settled as pastor of the churches at Newton 
and Hardiston, New Jersey. In 1S04 he removed to Hun- 
terdon county, and took charge of the united churches of 
King^vood, Bethlehem and Alexandria. " He was a tall, 
portly man, of a very fair complexion ; and, in later years, 
his hair white with age. He was a man of fair abilities, 
and in his prime was a popular preacher." His manners 
were bland and attractive, and he had the faculty of attach- 
ing to him very strongly the people of his charge. In the 
latter years of his life he gave up the active duties of the 
ministry, on account of growing and harassing infirmities. 
He died in Hunterdon county, New Jersey, in 1S58. 



>:.(»OHNSON, COLONEL ROBERT G., Member of 
^ '" the Legislature of New Jersey, Vice-President of 
the New Jersey Historical Society, late of New- 
haven, was born in the last quarter of the past 
'^ century, and was a son of Robert Johnson, of an 
old family of Salem county. New Jersey. His 
father was a man of wealth and station, his mother a de- 
scendant of early and wealthy settlers from England. He 
was a graduate of Princeton College. On one occasion his 
father complained bitterly to Dr. ^Vilherspoon that his son 
had not been advanced as he expected. After bearing con- 
siderable reproach, the doctor exclaimed, with the strong 
Scotch accent that characterized his warmer utterance, " I 
tell you, sir, the boy wants capacity ! " Soon after graduating 




w^^. 





^'^ 




^ 



EIOGRAnilCAL EN'CVCLOP.EDIA. 



429 



he became Captain of a troop of cavalry, and eventually 
rose to the station of Colonel. In 1794 he served in the 
army raised to quell the whiskey insurrection, acting on 
that occasion as a paymaster. He was in his own right, 
and in the right of his wife, probably the largest landholder 
in Salem county. In 1S21, and from 1823 to 1S25, he was 
a member of the Legislature of New Jersey. " lie was a 
man of truth and honor, but so fixed in his convictions as 
not always to be tolerant of those who differed with him. 
He was very hospitable, and beyond question a true Chris- 
tian, but, owing to this peculiarity of temper, was unpopu- 
lar with many." He was fond of historical research, and 
was Vice-President of the New Jersey Historical Society 
from its foundation in 1S45 till near the lime of his decease. 
To its valuable collections he added much historical matter 
of importance ; among other things, a " Memoir of John 
Fenwick," the early proprietor of New Jersey. He died 
at Newhaven, New Jersey, in October, 1S50. 



'MITH, HEZEKIAII B., Inventor and Manufac- 
turer of Woodworking Machinery, of Smithville, 
~f-7±t7J Burlington county, was born in Vermont in 1816. 
\^&1 His ancestors can be traced back for two hundred 
"^ years to American origin. On the paternal side 
his grandfather and several of his brothers were 
sea-captains trading to foreign ports, and principally to the 
West Indies. At the outbreak of the war of independence, 
their trade being destroyed, they took out letters of marque 
and engaged in what was then and is still known as priva- 
teering, or in other words legalized piracy. In this business 
they were unfortunate ; as far as known all met violent 
deaths. The father of the subject of this sketch was thus 
early in life left penniless and fatherless, and the bereaved 
mother was compelled to apprentice her son to learn tanning, 
currying, and shoem.aking. He was subjected to all the 
toils, h.ardships, and privations of that old pernicious system 
of English apprenticeship. He served his time faithfully 
for seven years, and at its expiration, being tired and weary 
of the scenes of his labors and sufferings, it was with a 
light heart that he set out for the wilds of Vermont. He 
halted at Bridgewater and there renewed his trades for him- 
self; being a man of more than ordinary natural intellectual 
ability he soon took to reading and study, and soon made 
up in a degree for early deficiencies in scholarship. After 
a time he established a fine libr.iry, which occupied one 
end of his shop, and it was his greatest delight to pore over 
these books after his day's toil was ended. On the maternal 
side his origin m.iy be traced back to the old Roger Williams 
stock. The relation of a tragical incident which occurred 
in the family of one of his ancestors, and which resulted 



Williams settled in Vermont when it was nothing but a 
wilderness. He had two sons — Roger, who was named for 
his ancestor, and Ilezekiah. It was their custom every 
evening to go for the cows : the elder one always carried 
a gun as a protection against bears, wolves, Indians, etc.; 
while Hezekiah, the younger, went along to help drive the 
cows home. One evening the boys started out as was then' 
custom ; Roger trudging along in front with gun over 
shoulder, when suddenly stubbing his toe, he fell, the gim 
went off, and two balls passed directly through Hezekiah's 
head, killing him almost instantly. To perpetuate the name 
and to commemorate the sad event the subject of this sketch 
was named Hezekiah. With such sturdy New England 
blood flowing in his veins it is no wonder that he early de- 
veloped remarkable mechanical genius. As early as thirteen 
he became a deep thinker, and hearing his father and uncle 
discuss their beliefs in the feasil>ility of perpetual motion, 
he quickly made up his mind to test the matter. Con- 
structing a wooden key to his father's workshop, thither he 
repaired on Sunday, it being the only day he could work 
without interruption, to test the truth or falsity of this much 
mooted theory. After three days of toil the simple fact 
flashed upon his mind that a weight in falling one foot 
would produce a certain amount of power, but it must be 
raised back to the starting point before it could produce 
power by falling the foot again. Thus his hopes were 
dashed, and he has never since attempted to work in oppo- 
sition to nature's laws. lie continued until the age of six- 
teen to attend school for three months in summer and three 
months in winter. At the age of seventeen, his father giv- 
ing him his time, he "let" himself to a man named Mills, 
to learn the cabinet business. In a short time he became 
master of his trade. He then began business for himself 
as a cabinet maker, chair maker, sash, door, and blind 
manufacturer, etc., etc. While thus engaged his genius 
took distinct and definite form. From earliest boyhood his 
mind had been filled with visions of mechanical contrivances 

saw-mills filled with new and curious machinery, and 

brooks whose water-power was conserved and applied to 
useful purposes by water-wheels of peculiar construction. 
Machinery has always exercised and still continues to exer- 
cise a perfect fascination for him. He early perceived, as 
he progressed in his business, the necessity for the intro- 
duction into woodworking of machinery that would quicken 
and cheapen production of every class. Gradually the 
visions of younger life assumed tangible form, and his ready 
invention suggested contrivances of the most valuable kind 
for the saving of labor and overcoming of obstacles to che.np 
and superior production. One after another has been added 
to the list which now includes hundreds of different wood- 
working machines of various degrees of intricacy, but all 
rendering easy, simple, and cheap the accomplishment of 
work previously only performed slowly, laboriously, and ex- 



in giving the name of Hezekiah to the subject of this sketch, pensively I)y hand-power. Coming before the public as the 
may not be out of place here. His great-grandfather | first introducer of rapid motion in this class of machinery, 



43" 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 



and constructing liis machines entirely of iron and steel, 
thus avoiding the warp and twist incident to the old wooden 
frames, and which formed so marked a defect in other 
makes of machines, he has obtained wide popularity for his 
inventions, which have forced tlicir way into favor by their 
superior merits, and by reason of the exceptionally fair and 
honorable manner in which all purchasers are treated. His 
machines are to be met with all over the world, and every- 
where have given the most complete satisfaction, while in- 
augurating a new era in woodworking. Some of his best 
patents were invented when their inventor lived by necessity 
on a low diet, which only seemed to have the effect of 
making his intellect burn more brightly and clearly. Al- 
ways a shrewd business man, availing himself of all open- 
ings, he has never been known to resort to sharpness or 
trickery in his dealings. By his ability, industry, and perse- 
verance he has accumulated a handsome competency in his 
legitimate business, which was started with no foundation 
but his active brain and ready hands. The early part of his 
life was spent in Massachusetts; he removed to Smithville, 
Burlington county. New Jersey, in 1865. Long before 
leaving the East, and ever since settling in New Jersey, 
he has stood at the head of the manufacturers of wood- 
working machinery. By the excellence of his inventions, 
and his indomitable will in forcing public recognition of 
them, he has driven many of his competitors out of the 
market. Arriving in New Jersey he purchased the land 
and a portion of the buildings now occupied by his exten- 
sive manufactory, which to-day comprises about two acres 
and a half of floor room, the lower floors being of iron. 
He has, in fact, worked no less than one thousand tons of 
iron into real estate. When running at its full capacity the 
factory is capable of giving employment to from seven to 
eight hundred men. For the material comfort and mental 
and moral improvement of this large number of employes 
he manifests constant and generous solicitude. Adjoining 
the mills he has erected a large boarding-house for his 
" boys," as he calls them, to which is attached a well- 
appointed and well-stored reading-room, and a very beauti- 
ful hall for their free use. From among the "boys" a fine 
band has been organized and equipped by Mr. Smith, and 
a room in the hall has been fitted up expressly for them to 
practise in. In fact, the entire village, which consists of 
• Some fifty houses, a post-office, store, and newspaper office, 
belongs to him, and he is even the publisher of the news- 
jiaper, a very neat little weekly sheet, ably edited by his 
wife, a lady of excellent family and m.iny accomplishments. 
Indeed, nothing is left undone by him that would tend to 
elevate the character of his men and afford them pleasure, 
lie is not only their employer but their best friend. Sur- 
rounding the village, he owns and cultivates a farm of about 
five hundred acres. It is maintained in a high state of 
cultivation, and he takes great delight and pride in its pro- 
ducts and in the raising of fine stock. His residence is a 
fine, substantial edifice, and the extensive grounds are so 



beautifully laid out, so choicely stocked and so well-cared 
for as to present a fairy scene of color and beauty. Here 
he dispenses a generous hospitality, and receives unmistak- 
al>le evidence of the wide esteem in which he is held. 
Most emphatically the architect of his own fortunes, his 
career offers at once an example and an encouragement to 
youth. None could have hacfmore adverse circumstances 
to contend with than beset his early career ; none with the 
results his energy and industry have achieved before them 
need despair of final triumph, if only they will bring the 
same qualities to bear in the struggle. He never aspired to 
any political position, having many times received invitations 
to accept office but always replying that his taste and ability 
belonged to mechanics, not politics; but he at one time re- 
ceived the unanimous nomination for Congress in tlie Sec- 
ond District of New Jersey, unsolicited and undesired by 
him, but under circumstances in which he could not honor- 
ably decline. Although running in a district strongly o|i- 
posed to him politically he was only defeated by a small 
majority; and much to the surprise of everybody he carried 
his own county by a handsome majority, which had never 
before been done by his party. 



SL)^|SBORNE, JOSEPH D., Physici.an and Surgeon, 
was born at Suckasunny, New Jersey, September 
6th, 1S33, the son of Rev. Enos A. Osborne. 
August 17th, 1861, he received the appointment 
of Assistant-Surgeon, United States Volunteers, 
and went out with the 4th Regiment, New Jersey 
Volunteers. In October of the same year he was appointed 
Surgeon of the 2d Regiment, New Jersey Volunteers; and 
was then transferred to the 4th Regiment, with which he 
remained until mustered out, November igth, 1864. lie 
was Chief of Brigade by virtue of date of commission ; in 
1863 was Assistant Operator of Division; .and in 1864 was 
Operating Surgeon of Division. From July to October of 
1863 he was Executive Officer of Hospitals, and was placed 
in charge of the transfer of the wounded at Gettysburg. 
From Januaiy to July of 1864 he was on duty in the Ward 
United Stales Hospital, in Newark. 



OLCOMBE, SAMUEL, Grain Merch.nnt, late of 
New Brunswick, was born in Amwcll, New Jer- 
sey, whither his father had removed from Eng- 
land, in 1768. He was made a ruling elder in 
Amwell church while it was under the pastoral 
care of Rev. Mr. Grant, but in what year is not 
certainly known. In 1809 he removed to New Brunswick, 
where he carried on a heavy business in the grain trade. 
He was irreproachable as a man of business, and exemplary 
as an elder of the First Presbyterian Church, to which 



UIOGRArillCAL ENCVCLOr.EDIA. 



431 



office he was chosen December 30th, 1810. "He was as- 
siduous in visiting (he poor, and liberal in alms-giving. He 
was of a lovely disposilion, being very even-lempered, and 
never known to be angry even liy his family. His death 
was like his life, happy and Christian. It took place De- 
cember 171I1, 1838, in the seventieth year of his age." 



|ALLACE, JOSHUA MADDOX, of Burlington, 
w.is l)orn in the city of I'hiladelphia, October 4lh, 
1752. His father was Mr. John Wallace, a na- 
tive of Scotland, who, emigrating in his twenty- 
third year from his paternal home at Drumellier, 
upon the Tweed, arrived in the year 1 742 in 
Newport, Rhode Island. His name is there found among 
those of other persons, including several natives of Scot- 
land, members of a literary society through whose organiza- 
tion the Redwood Library in that ancient town was subse- 
quently founded. Having resided for some time in Newport, 
Mr. Wallace removed to Philadelphia, then becoming the 
principal city of America, and in this place married Mary, 
only child of Joshua and Mary Maddox ; the former an 
honored citizen of Philadelphia, and for many years one of 
the justices of the courts there, a councilman of the cily, 
a founder and trustee of the college, and a warden of 
Christ Church. The subject of this notice was placed at an 
early age under the care of the best teachers of the time ; 
and having been thoroughly instructed in rudimentary learn- 
ing, was entered at the College of Philadelphia. He was 
graduated there November 17th, 1 767. After e,\ercising 
for a short time in that same year the office of a tutor in the 
college, he was placed in the counting-house of Mr. Archi- 
bald .McCall, a well-known merchant of old Philadelphia. 
How long the subject of this notice rem.ained in this excel- 
lent school for the acquisition of mercantile knowledge is 
not now known; but the singular integrity, method and 
accuracy which marked his own transactions of business in 
after life, and his scrupulous punctuality in all his engage- 
ments, would indicate that while there his time was given 
with ciTect to a comprehension and to a practice of the duties 
which the situation imposed. But though qualified, as 
might be inferred, for affairs of commerce, he does not seem, 
on leaving the counting-house of Mr. McCall, to have 
entered upon them. The uncertain state of our British rela- 
tions may have induced him to postpone doing so, and his 
t.astes, it is probable, combining with his excellent educa- 
tion, found stronger affinities in literature and science. 
These apparently occupied his early manhood. A few years 
after his marriage in 1773 with Taee, the daughter of Col- 
onel William Bradford — a lady of uncommon virtue, intelli- 
gence and refinement — he went to occupy his estate of 
EUerslie, a large and beautiful farm upon the Raritan, Som- 
erset county. New Jersey. He retained his estate of EUer- 
slie for many years, and during the heats of summer occa- 



sionally resided there. But thinking that there was .some 
ground to suppose the region insalubrious, he fixed his abode 
in 1784 at Burlington, New Jersey, near which place the 
family of his wife, in the maternal lines, had been settled 
from the foundation of the province. He continued to re- 
side at Burlington until the close of his life, A. D. 1819, 
maintaining "that ancient, native, genuine character" d^-- 
scribed by Edmund Burke, but now apparently departed 
from the earth, of " a country gentleman," and using his 
leisure and ample inheritance greatly to the benefit of the 
place and its inhabitants. In the office of Judge of the 
Pleas of Burlington County, which he accepted from the 
Council and General Assembly of the State in the year 
1784, "he was very highly useful in administering justice, 
maintaining the police, relieving the distresses and improv- 
ing the morals of the common people." He greatly inter- 
ested himself to advance agriculture, and particularly those 
attractive branches of it, ornamental gardening, and the 
culture of fruit trees. He was instrumental in establishing 
an academy of learning, and in bringing good teachers to 
the place. The public library of the town was a subject of 
his interest and contributions. He took much pains to in- 
troduce for the benefit of the townspeople sujiplies of pure 
and wholesome water, and also to establish engines, with a 
well-appointed police, to prevent the ravages of fire ; and 
was, in short, an energetic, disinterested and most useful 
citizen. He was a Trustee for more than twenty years of 
Princeton College, President of the Trustees of the Bur- 
lington Academy, and President of the Society in New 
Jersey for the Suppression of Vice and Immorality. His 
name appears in the journals of the General Convention of 
the Episcopal Church, as a representative from his State of 
New Jersey, for the years 17S6, 1795, iSoS, 181 1, 1814 
and 1817, the last which he lived to witness; and it is con- 
stantly found through the same long series of years, in the 
Journals of the New Jersey Conventions, as a representative 
of the ancient parish of St. Mary's, Burlington. In 1796 
he was appointed, along with his friend Mr. Croes, after- 
wards Bishop of New Jersey, to the responsible office of 
framing a Constitution and Canons for the ecclesiastical 
polity of that State, Rules for Conducting its Business in Con- 
vention, Rules for the Government of Congregations, and 
such recommendations from the convention to the churches 
generally as were calculated to advance its prosperity. The 
Journal of the following year contains the report "as agreed 
to and adopted by the convention." Devoted, however, as 
he was to the theology of his own church, his love for it 
was characterized by a most catholic spirit. With his friend 
and near kinsman, the venerable Elias Boudinot, he took an 
early and active part in the formation of the American 
Bible Society, and was chosen President of the Conven- 
tion which formed it, in acknowledgment of his zeal and 
services in promoting the great object for which that body 
was assembled. Of the Bible Society in his own State he 
was a manager from its foundation till the lime of his death — 



432 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA. 



a term of abont nine years; and it b recorded of him that ' gallantrv daiing that patriotic stro^le. Tae £uni;y nis 
he btonght a larger amoant to its treasniy than was erer '♦ilwavs been ncted for is jHetr and integrity, and lore 
brought to it by any indiridaal at one time. Thoagh his ' for liberal institutions. The father of Dr. Alpangh is a. 
testes did not lead Mr. WalLice to mingle actively in the fanner of coninderable means, a man of the highest charac- 
conflict of parties, he well nndeiaood the daties which ler, and an unflinching adherent to and exponent of his 
belong to a citizen of the repnUic He was a member of principles. An iUnstratian of this trait w:b freqnently 
that convention which, in 17C7, lalilied, in behalf of the aSjrded during the late civil war, when he was constantly 
State of New Jersey, the Constitcdon of these United threatened with personal violence, because of the boldness 
StalK. And acang thronghcmt his life upon the principle with which he denounced the rebels and their Northern 
that it was the duty of the government to gire this instre- sympaJhizos. The snl^ect of this sketch obtained his earlier 
ment a iaii interpretation, and fairly to exercise its powers education at the poblic schools, and assisted his father on 
in furtherance of its professed design, it need scarcely be the firm nntfl his sixteenth year. For two years thereafter 
added that his political principle were those of the Federal he tanght school, and then entered the Presbyteiian Semi- 
school : the princip!e5 of Washington and Hamilton, ol Jay nary at Hackettstown, Xew Jeisey, at that time under the 
and Marshall. To these he steadily adhered, avowing and directi<Hi of Profesor Budd. .\fter studying there foe a 
maintaining them as deep laid m the economy of our popu- : period of two years, he placed himself under the tnition of 
lar institutions ; the only principles, in short, upon which ; Mr. O. H. Htrf&aan, for a course <rf classics and m a lhemar - 



this government could be adaiinistered with permanent jus- 
tice, dignity or success. He represented the county of 
Burlington in the Assembly of New Jersey during a most 
critical term in the history of our coaatiy, and in this 
cafocity contributed, by his steading of judgment and the 



ics : meanwhile beginning the study of medidite with the 
late Dr. Barclay, of Ld>anon, New Jersey. His prelim- 
inary reading with this physician having convinced him that 
his career lay in the medical profes^oo, he entered upon 
close preparation therefor, devoting his le^ure hours to Kt- 



in6uence of his acknowledged prcbity, much to hoid the erary labor in the shape <rf contributions to newspapeis and 
State to that anchorage rf somid political mcH^lity fixim periodicals. In 1S65 he entered the Bellevue Hospital 
which so many ports of oar country were carried by the , Medical College, saended the usual course of lectures, and 
tempest of the revolution in France Mr. Wallace died | in 1867 was admitted to practise in the Charity Hospital 
on the 17th of May, iSi 9, in the aity.eighth year of his age. ' connected with the con^e. In 1S6S he graduated, stand- 
Ilis illnes had been but shcat, and the ictelligence of its ing second in a class of over one hundred students. Look- 
issue produced in the city of Burlington, which for more ' ing aixoad for a fidd of action, he settled temporarily near 
th=a thirty-five years had been the witness of his honorable Coaxburg, New Jersey, and b^an practice. There he re- 
and txsefcd life, a sensation of general socrow. His remains mained until the firing erf 1S69, having in that short time 
were followed to the grave by a large concoaise of citizens, • acquired considerable practice and repotatiaa, porticiilarlT 
includiiig many peisois from adjoining places. -\nd on a ' throogh the treatment of some c^es of chrranc disfasfs , 
following Snnd:^ an impressive discourse upoo his life and I which had previonsly been treated by the lesdent lAysi- 
chiracter was proooonced by the Rev. Mr. Carter, of Tren- cians of the county for years without sacces. In conse- 
lon, in St. Mary's Church, Burlington, with which venerable qrence of the soiidtalians of Dr. Fields and a nuraher of 
eOJke the person of Mr. Wallace, as a warden and wor- the most inSaential citizens of High &idge,he was mdnced 
shipper, had long been identiSed. Oi»t!3ary notices of this j to settle at thai place. At first be was associated in part- 
distinguished citizen cJ Burlington are found in Tie Okris- neiship with Dr. Fields, (rf Clinton, but this connection was 
tian Jimrnai and Liia-ary Register of June, 1819, pub- , disolved in l872,aDdance that time be has practked alone. 
IL-Acd in New York, and in the (London i d.-istian Oh- j \t the present time he enjoys a practice and repotation sec- 
srrrrr of March, 1S20. Mr. Wallace was the father of the j ood to none in the county, while he is frequently called in 
la;e wentnown lawyer, John Bradford Wallace, Esq., of consnltation into adj<Hning coonties. Although snccesshil 



Philadelphia, for some time a representative from Crawford 
cxwnty in the Legislature of Pennsylvania, and a most 
e&dent advocate uf its early imeroal iinprGvemen&. 



LP.\UGH, WILLL\M C, M. D., Physician and 



in a wide range of cas«, he has been especially lanarkahle 
for his treatment of fevers. In the &mons Brennan mur- 
der '~"^ he took a consfHcnoas part, being called on to make 
the ^aSt mortem examinatic», and becoming, in consequence, 
one of the principal witn^ses 00 the part erf the Stale on 
the trial- ' One of the attorneys for the defetjce had very 



Surgeon, of High Bridge, was bom in the town evidojtly been " cramming" iae the cress-examination of 
<rf Twexbnry, Hunterdon county. New Jersey, ; the doctor, and his dkcotnfiture ai the ready and intelligent 
September I4ih, 1S41. His ancestors were of manner in which Dr. Alpangh explained his theoiy to the 
German eitractioo, and among the earliea settlers court and jury was palpable to all present. After the trial, 
of the State. One of them was a captain m the he poWfahed an article coododve^ demo<E»atii^ the td- 
wsr of the Revolntjoo, and dhlingnished himself by his lacy of the Iheoiy for the defence. He stands high in the 



BIOGRArillCAL ENXYCLOP-EDIA. 



433 



estimation of his medical brethren, by whom he was elected 



a member of the Hunterdon County Medical Society in 1874. 
In 1S77 he was appointed surgeon for the High Bridge 
branch of the New Jersey Central Railroad. On April 
29lh, 1S65, he was married to Miss Solliday, a lady much 
respected in a wide circle, and has one child. His home 
and surroundings evince the possession of taste and liberal 
culture. 



LIVINGSTON, WILLIAM, the First Governor of 
New Jersey under the constitution of 1776, was 



November 21st, whereof the first two lines are, 'I am 



concerned to hear that you neglect your study, and are 
abroad most every night.' As to neglecting my study, I 
am as much concerned to hear it as my father, having 
read the greatest part of this winter till twelve and two 
o'clock at night, and since I have had a fire in my room 
have frequently risen at five in the morning and read by 
candle-light, of which 1 sup]X>se your informer (whalever 
ingenious fellow it be) was ignorant, as it was impossible he 
should know it without being a wizard. As to my being 
abroad almost every night, I have for ihis month stayed at 
Mr. Alexander's till eight and nine o'clock at night, and 
shall continue to do so all winter, he instructing us in 
bom in Albanv, New York, in the year 1723- jt^^ mathematics, which is indeed being abroad." Study- 
He belonged to a family worthily conspicuous for 1 ing thus dibgently, he in due course was licensed to 
many years in the history of the United States. ' practise law in 1748. Such close study l>eing combined 
He was the grandson of Robert Livingston, a ! «ilh great natural ability and qualifications for a lawyer, it 
very distinguished minister of the Established Kirk of Scot- j is not surprising to learn that he soon won a high position 
land After the restoration of the monarchv in the person at the bar, and was retained in most of the important liliga- 
of Charles II., this minister with his son fled to Holland, i tions of the day, not only in New York, but m New Jersey. 
whence Robert came to America about the year 1675. in 1 Among other notable engagements m h.s legal career, he 
1679 married Alida, the widow of Nicholas Van Rensselaer,! was in 1752 one of the counsel of the defendants m the 
and resided at Albany. He made extensive purchases of 
l.^nd from the Indians, and in consideration thereof the 



manor and lordship of Livingston was granted to him in 
16S6, and confirmed by royal authority in 1715. It was 
the second largest of the five great manors granted in the 
province of New Y'ork, which in more recent times have | 



great suit in chancer)', between the proprietors of East Jer- 
sey and some of the settlers, which, although never brought 
to a final decision, has been much referred to in respect of 
the title to a considerable part of East Jersey. Brought U]) 
in the Reformed Dutch Church, he engaged earnestly in 
the controversies which arose with the Episcopalian party. 



been so fruitful of anti-rent troubles, and comprised nearly i" reference to an established religion. It was not a little 

owing to the feelings so strongly excited in Congregation- 
alists and Presbyterians by these discussions, that the resist- 



one hundred and fifty thousand acres of land, commencing 
about five miles south of the present city of Hudson, run 
ning twelve miles along the east bank of the Hudson 



ance eventually advanced to the attempted imposition of 



river, and extending back to the line of Massachusetts, j t^-xes on the American colonies by the British ministry arose. 
It was in a measure divided at an early period, but the j and the unanimous support by the colonies of antagonistic 
greater part of it was strictly entailed and transmitted measures resulted. Livingston's most earnest sympathies 
through the next two generations, in the hands of the eldest j were enlisted in the cause of the colonists, and he wrote 
son and grandson. Philip, the father of William, was the very much on the various topics which grew out of the dis- 
second son of Robert; but the elder brother having died, I pute. In 1772 he changed his residence to Elizabethtown, 
he succeeded to the manorial estate. His wife was Catharine ! New Jersei,', where he had acquired by purchases at different 
Van Brugh, a member of a respected Dutch family of Al- times an estate of about one hundred and twenty acres, 
bany. William was their fifth child. He was accorded the which was carefully cultivated and upon which he planted 
best education the country afforded. After due prepara- ] various species of fruit trees, imported by him from abroad. 



tion he entered Y'ale College, from which institution he was 
graduated in 1741 at the head of his class. As illustrative 
of the educational customs of the day, it may be mentioned 
that, according to general report, there were, at that time, 



Upon this estate he built a handsome residence, which con- 
tinued his home during life. As at this time he was pos- 
sessed of property considered sufficient for the maintenance 
of his family, he intended settling down to a quiet country 



besides himself and three elder brothers, only six persons life, but the failure of some of his debtors, and the loss by 
not in orders, in the province of New York, who had re- ' i>ayments of others in depreciated Continental money, re- 
ceived a collegiate education. William was brought up for duced his income considerably, and caused him in a meas- 
the legal profession, and began study therefor with James ure to abandon his intention. He had been admitted to the 
Alexander, a most dUtinguished lawyer of New Y'ork city, 1 bar of New Jersey in 1755, and at it he continued to prac- 
and a sturdy advocate of popular rights and opponent of | lise his profession, but not in any very close fashion. To 
ministerial assumptions. Some idea of young Livingstons him was submitted the case of Stephen Skinner, treasurer of 
life at this jieriod may be obtained from a letter written by ! the eastern division of the province, whose public-money 
liirn to his father in 1744 : " I have received your letter of ! chest was broken open and robbed of six or seven thousand 
55 



434 



EIOGRAPinCAI, ENCVCLOr.KDIA. 



pounds in coin and paper. Tlie treasurer was held respon- 
sible for this sum, on the ground of negli};ence, by a majority 
of the Assembly, and although he was supported by Gov- 
ernor William Franl<lin, lie eventually resigned, and an 
action was brought to recover the amount, but it never 
reached trial, and Skinner throwing his services on the 
British side, his New Jersey property was finally confiscated 
and sold. In 1774 Livingston was chosen a Delegate to the 
Continental Congress by the committee which met at New 
Brunswick in July of that year, and became a member of 
the committee of that body, appointed to prepare the ad- 
dress to the people of Great Britain. He signed and ad- 
hered to the non-consumption and non-importation pledge. 
In January, 1775, he was re-elected Delegate to the Con- 
gress by the Assembly, and served on the most important 
committees thereof. He was again delegated in Februaiy, 
1776, by the Provincial Congress, and labored on the same 
committees with Adams, Jefferson, and Lee. During the 
ensuing June, however, he left the Congress at Philadelphia, 
in order to take command of the militia of New Jersey as a 
Brigadier-General, this position having been accorded him 
some time previously by the Provincial Congress. While 
thus patriotic in spirit and doing everything in his power to 
advance the American cause, he was yet among those, and 
the number included many pronounced Whigs, who doubted 
the expediency of the Declaration of Independence at the 
time it was made. On this subject he says, in a letter dated 
in February, 1778 : "As to the policy of it, I then thought, 
and I have found no reason to change my sentiments since, 
that if we could not maintain our separation without the 
assistance of France, her alliance ought to have been 
secured, by our stipulation to assert it on that condition. 
This would have forced her out into open day, and we 
should have been certain either of her explicit avowal, or 
of the folly of our dependency upon it." Holding these 
sentiments, however, he would not hesitate to accept all 
risks in a cause so dear to his heart, or to enter military life 
on its behalf, and this without any militar)- training or ex- 
perience. Relative to this he says, in another letter: *' We 
must endeavor to make the best of everything. Whoever 
draws his sword against his prince, must fling away the 
scabbard. We have passed the Rubicon, and whoever at- 
tempts to cross it will be knocked in the head by the one 
or the other party, on the opposite banks. We cannot re- 
cede, nor should I wish it if we could. Great Britain must 
inrUlibly perish, and that speedily, by her own corruption, 
and I never loved her so much as to wish to keep her com- 
pany in her ruin." While this extract does not do much 
honor to his quality as a prophet, so far as the downfall of 
the British empire is concerned, it demonstrates very clearly 
the patriotic impulses of his he.irt. In June, 1776, by de- 
sire of Congress he took command of the militia destined for 
New York, and established his head-quarters at Elizabeth 
town Point. There is good reason to believe, however, that 
he would have much preferred to continue a delegate to the 



Continental Congress, in which case he would undoubtedly 
have signed the Declaration of Independence. Indeed, 
his correspondence indicates this feeling very pl.ainly. In 
military duty he nevertheless proved himself remarkably 
efficient, while conscious of his need of precise knowledge, 
for he says, in a letter written to Congress in July : " I must 
acknowledge to you that I feel myself unequal to the 
present important command, and therefore wish for every 
assistance in my power; " and again, in a letter to a Con- 
gressman in Philadelphia, in August : " I received yours 
of yesterday's date, just after I had got into my new habita- 
tion, which is a marque tent in our encampment. You 
would really be astonished to see how grand I look, «hile 
at the same time I can assure you I was never more sensible 
(to use a New England phrase) of my own nothingness in 
military affairs. I removed my quarters Irom the town hither 
to be with the men and to inure them to discipline, which 
by my distance from the camp before, considering what 
scurvy subaltern officers we are ever like to have, while they 
are in the appointment of the mobility, I found it impossible 
to introduce. My ancient corporal fabric is almost tottering 
under the fatigue I have lately undergone, constantly rising 
at two o'clock in the morning to examine our lines, which 

are and very extensive, till daybreak, and from that 

time till eleven in giving orders, sending despatches, and 
doing the proper business of quartermasters, colonels, com- 
missaries, and I know not what." Soon after this his 
family were obliged to find a safer residence than their 
home, and for three or four years lived at Parsippany. It 
was not long that Livingston served as a soldier, his .abilities 
being called into play in a position where they were calcu- 
lated to prove of far greater value to his country. A new 
constitution having been adopted, and a Legislature chosen 
under it, that body assembled at Princeton, and on August 
27th, T776, proceeded in joint convention to elect a gov- 
ernor. The vote was by a secret ballot, and it resulted for 
a time in a tie between him and Richard Stockton. By 
next day, however, an arrangement had been reached, and 
Livingston was elected Governor, Stockton being chosen 
chief-justice of the Supreme Court. The former accepted, 
but the latter declined. For a while after installation. 
Governor Livingston, by resolution of the Legislature, used 
his own seal at arms as the great seal of the State, but in a 
short time it was replaced by a seal of silver, engraved in 
Philadelphia, which bore the devices still in use, and was 
lettered, " The great seal of the State of New Jersey," the 
word colony, used in the constitution, being entirely dis- 
carded. On September 13th the Governor made an address 
to the Legisl.ature, in which he says : " Considering how 
long the hand of oppression had been stretched out against 
us, how long the system of despotism, concerted for our 
ruin, had been insidiously pursued, and was at length at- 
tempted to be enforced by the violence of war; reason and 
conscience must have approved the measure had we sooner 
abjured that allegiance from which, nut only by a denia) uf 



r,RK;RAriIICAl. ENCVCLOr.liDIA. 



435 



protection, but the hostile assault on our persons and prop- 
erties, we were clearly absolved. That, being thus con- 
strained to assert our own independence, the late represent- 
a'ives of ih-- colony of New Jersey, in Congress assembled, 
did, in pursuance of the advice of the Continental Congress, 
the supreme council of the American colonies, agree upon 
the form of a constitution ivhicli, by tacit consent and open 
approbation, hath since received the consent and concurrence 
of the good people of the State ; and agreeably to this con- 
stitution, a Legislative Council and Assembly have been 
chosen, and also a governor. Let us, then, as it is our in- 
dispensable duty, make it our invariable aim to exhibit to 
our constituents the brightest examples of a disinterested 
love for the common weal ; let us, both by precept and ex- 
ample, encourage a spirit of economy, industry and patriot- 
ism, and that public integrity and righteousness that cannot 
fail to exalt a nation ; setting our faces at the same time 
like a flint against that dissoluteness of manner and political 
corruption that will ever be the reproach of any people. 
Way the foundation of an infant State be laid in virtue and 
the fear of God, and the superstructure will rise glorious 
and endure for ages. Then may we humbly expect the 
blessings of the Most High, who divides to the nations 
their inheritance and separates the sons of Adam." From 
an expression in this address the Governor is said to have 
derived a name he bore for some time, " Doctor Flint." 
From year to year he was re-elected Governor, while he 
lived, occupying the coinbined ofifice of Governor and Chan- 
cellor nearly fourteen years. Occasionally slight opposition 
was manifested, but quickly overcome. From August 31st 
to November 1st, 1777, there was an interregnum, his term 
of a year having expired and the second Legislature not 
meeting until two months thereafter. For some two years 
after election his task was onerous and not without great 
danger. In every part the State was exposed, and suffered 
more from military operations than any other. Shortly after 
his inauguration the upper part of it was occupied by the 
enemy, and until the happy turn of affairs occasioned by the 
victories at Trenton and Princeton, during the winter uf 
1776-77, everything was in jeopardy. Many, hitherto san- 
guine, despaired and accepted British protection. The 
Legislature became a wandering body, now meeting at 
Trenton, and then at Princeton, at Pittstown, in Hunterdon 
county, and at Haddonfield. But the Governor was im- 
movable and labored unremittingly for efficient militia laws 
and the organization of the new government upon a solid 
foundation. Among the first laws passed was one provid- 
ing for the taking of an oath renouncing allegiance to 
the king of Great Britain and of allegiance to the n 
State government, and another for the punishment of traiti 
and disaffected persons, and those who sought in any way 
to uphold British authority. During the session at Haddon- 
field, lasting some two months, an act was passed establish 
ing a committee of safety, consisting of twenty-three persons 
the governor or vice-president being one. This committee 



was to act as a board iif justice in criminal matters; fill up 
vacant military (illkos; apprehend disaffected persons and 
commit them to jail without Iiail or maniprise ; could call 
out the militia to execute their orders; were to send the 
wives and children of fugitives with the enemy into the 
enemy's lines; cause offenders to be tried, and persons re- 
fusing to take the oaths to government to be ccminiitled 
to jail, or to send them, if willing, into the enemy's lines ; 
make any house or room a legal jail ; negotiate exchanges ; 
disarm the dis.iffected, etc. During the two months' guber- 
natorial interregnum this committee was. of especial im|ior- 
tance. So determined and able a man as the Governor was 
naturally in danger. His family residence was despoiled, 
and he was most bitterly denounced in Kiverloti's Gazelle, 
the organ of the British party in New York. As an offset 
to this journal, a patriotic paper w.as started in December, 
printed by Isaac Collins, of whom a sketch appears else- 
where in this volume, sometimes at Trenton and sometimes 
at Burlington, under the title of The A'eiu Jersey Gazelle. 
To it the Governor contributed largely, and many of his ar- 
ticles exerted a potent influence for good. But while popu- 
lar among patriots, the Governor did not escape all criticism. 
On October 27ih, 1779, just before his re-election, a virulent 
attack was made upon him in the New Jersey Gazette, over 
the signature of *' Cincinnatus." The following day this 
resolution was passed by a large majority in the Council : 
" Whereas by a'late publication, inserted in the A'etn Jersey 
Gazette, called ' Hint-, humbly olfcrLd to the consideration 
of the Legislature of New Jersey, in the future choice of a 
governor,' signed 'Cincinnatus,' being apparently designed 
to have an undue influence m the ensuing election of a 
governor of this State, and, though in an ironical way, fully 
and clearly implies, not only a slur upon the seminary of 
learning in this State, and tiie president and tutors thereof, 
but also a tacit charge against the Legislature of this State, 
as being greatly deficient in point of integrity, or ability and 
judgment, in the choice of a governor, and an express 
declaration against our excsrllent constitution, and also an 
unjust, false, and cruel defamation and .aspersion of his ex- 
cellency, the Governor; all which evidently tends to disturb 
the peace of the inhabitants and promote discord and con- 
fusion in the Sl.-ite, and to encour.a^e those who are dis- 
afl'ected to the prLsent government; and notwithstanding 
the freedom of the press ou'^ht to be tolerated as far as is 
consistent with the good of the people and the security of 
the government established under their authority, yet good 
policy, as well as justice, requires that those who speak any- 
thing that directly tends to encourage the enemy and dis- 
affected, and to discourage or disquiet the minds of the 
good people of this State, ought to be detected and brought 
to such punishment as may be agree.ible to law and justice ; 
therefore, resolved, that Isaac Collins be required imme- 
diately to inform the Legislature of this State who is the 
author of the aforesaid publication, and at whose request the 
same was published." This resolution was forwarded to 



43^ 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.^DIA. 



the Assembly, where it was nesatived by seventeen nays to I served until the 5th of March, 1S63, when he resigned his 



eleven yeas. Thereupon the Council, on the next day, 
passed a resolution requiring Isaac Collins to furnish it wi'.h 
the information, and a copy was served on Collins, but he 
declined to make any answer, and the matter dropped. 
Livingston was re-elected by a vote of twenty-nine to nine 
for Philemon Dickinson, but for some time the Governor 
ceased to write for the Gazette. By other authority it is 
asserted that this temporary cessation of journalislic work 
was owing to the remonstrance of some legislators, who 
judged it undignified. However this may be, all are now 
agreed that he was peculiarly fitted for the very difficult 
duties he was called upon to perform. Whenever appealed 
to, in regard to the enforcement of the laws of the State, 
making the Continental money a legal tender, he always 
sustained them, though he always opposed the passage of 
such laws, and would not take advantage of them himself 
On the proclamation of peace he quitted Trenton and re- 
turned to his house at Elizaliethtown. In June, 1785, he 
was appointed by Congress Minister to the Court of Holland, 
but, while he was at firet disposed to accept, eventually 
declined. During the succeeding year he became a mem- 
ber of the society in New York for promoting the emanci- 
pation of slaves, and emancipated the two he owned. He 
was appointed by the Legislature in May, 1787,3 Delegate 
to the convention that formed the national constitution, and 
subsequently, in a message to the Legislature, expressed his 
gratitude to God that he had lived to see its approval and 
adoption by the States. Yale College in the next year con- 
ferred on him the degree of LL. D. He was a man of 
strong literary inclinations, and during 'both his earlier and 
later life wrote largely on political subjects, indulging also 
occasionally in poetical effusions. In the year 1745 he 
married Susannah French, whose father had been a large 
proprietor of land in New Jersey; she died in 17S9. His 
own death occurred June 25th, 1790. Of his thirteen 
children, six died before him. One son, Brockholst Liv- 
ingston, became a distinguished lawyer in New York, sat 
for several years on the Supreme bench of that State, and 
in 1807 was elevated to that of the United States, occupying 
his seat thereon until his death in 1S23. 



New Germantown, Hunterdon county, son of Dr. 
Alexander Barclay, of Nevvburgh, New York, 
was born in Aberdeen, Scotland, January 9th, 
1832. Haying read medicine under his father, 
he attended medical lectures, was graduated 
M. D., and in i860, being duly licensed by the State Board 
of Censors, established himself in practice at New German- 
town. On the 15th of September, 1862, he was commis- 
sioned Assistant Surgeon in the United States volunteer 
army, was attached to the 13th New Jersey Regiment, and^ 



commission. Returning to New Germantown he resumed 
his private practice, continuing actively eng.aged until June 
iSth, 1865, when he was thrown from his carriage and 
killed. He was a member of the Hunterdon County Med- 
ical Society, and in his profession his standing was excel- 
lent. He married a Miss Waldron, of New Germantown. 



v/ 



DEN, ISAAC, M. D., late of New Brunswick, 
was born about the middle of the last century ; 
graduated from the College of New Jersey in 
1784; studied medicine, was licensed as a physi- 
cian, and established himself at Six Mile Run, a 
village adjacent to his native town. Here he was 
married to a daughter of Elder Peter Stoothoff, the only 
child by this marriage becoming in early life the wife of the 
Rev. Isaac N. Wyckoff, D. D., of Albany, New York. He 
subsequently removed to Whitehouse, a few years later 
to New Germantown, and in 1S09, relinquishing his prac- 
tice in favor of his nephew. Dr. Oliver Barnet, to New 
Brunswick. As an obstetrician he attained to considerable 
celebrity, and was also successful as a general practitioner. 
He was an earnest student of astronomy, and during the 
latter portion of his life gave the greater portion of his time 
to that science. For several years he published an almanac 
in which, beside the usual tables, etc., he presented prog- 
nostications — generally in rhyme — of the weather for the 
coming year ; a work that had at the time a very extensive 
circulation, and of which, preserved as curiosities, copies 
are still to be found in out-of-the-way country houses, and in 
the hands of book collectors. In 1821 he was one of the 
founders of the Hunterdon County Medical Society, was 
President of that organization in 1823, and in 1826, on 
leaving the county, was elected the first honorary member. 
He died suddenly, of apoplexy, some few years after his 
removal to New Brunswick. 



ARRISON, JOSIAH, Lawyer, late of Salem, was 
born in Essex county. New Jersey, in 1795; w'as 
licensed as an attorney in iSoo, and as a counsel- 
lor in 1803. After teaching a classical school for 
a few years at Deerfield, Cumberland county, he 
settled as a lawyer in Salem, where he married a 
lady of great respectability and worth. " He was a man 
of small stature, and had a respectable business as a con- 
veyancer and attorney." The most remarkable circumstance 
in his professional career was his connection with the will 
of John Sinnickson, a citizen of Salem, who died without 
descendants, leaving a large property, consisting principally 
of real est.ate, about the year 1815, whose final instrument 
he drew and witnessed. The contest about this will lasted 



BIOGRArillCAL ENCVCLOr.K DIA. 



437 



several years, was of a very exciting cliaracter, and ilivided 
Ihe society of the town into two very hostile partii-s, " mak- 
ing breaches in very respectal)le families, which are hardly 
healed to this day." The principal opponent of the will 
was Dr. Rowan, who married a niece of the deceased. 
Probate of the will was refused by the Orphans' Court, and 
upon an appeal to Governor Mahlon Dickerson, as judge 
of the Prerogative Court, he affirmed this decree. He then 
removed his residence to Philadelphia, and filed a bill in the 
Circuit Court of the United States for the establishment of 
the trusts in the will. An issue of will or no will being or- 
dered, the c.xse was brought on before Judge Washington, 
and a jury which, after a protracted trial, rendered a verdict 
establishing the will. The case is reported in 3 Wash. 
C. C. R., p. 580, Harrison vs. Rowan. A motion for a 
new trial being made, was decided in 1820. Judge Wash- 
ington declared himself perfectly satisfied with the verdict ; 
bat as Judge Pennington, who sat with him, was not so, a 
new trial was ordered. The parties then compromised and 
allowed a decree to be entered establishing the will, releases 
and other papers being executed by the heirs and devisees. 
A life-estate was thus settled on Dr. Rowan, who lived to 
extreme old age. After this trial, his wife having died in 
the meantime, he resided for several years in Camden, New 
Jersey, and carried on business as a printer. During that 
time he acted also as Reporter of the Supreme Court. Re- 
moving subsequently to Salem, he resided there permanently 
until his decease, which occurred in the year 1865. 



llOODRUFF, HON. GEORGE WHITEFIELD, 
Lawyer, United States District Attorney, late of 
Trenton, was born at Elizabethtown, New Jersey, 
March i6th, 1765, and was a brother of A. D. 
Woodruff, who graduated at Princeton in the 
class of 1779. He pursued his studies in the 
Alma Mater of that brother, and after graduation studied 
law, and was admitted to practise as an attorney at the 
April term of the Supreme Court in 17S8. He then removed 
to the State of Georgia, and in that State acquired a posi- 
tion of much respectability at the bar. Subsequently he 
was appointed, by President John Adams, United States 
District Attorney. Having acquired an ample fortune, he 
returned to New Jersey, and took up his residence near 
Trenton. Here he lived " in much companionship with 
books, withdrawn from active business, but not from con- 
stant amiable intercourse with men, until his death," which 
occurred in 1846, at the advanced age of eighty-two years. 
At the time of his decease he was the oldest member of the 
New Jersey b.ir. It is said that his most intimate friends 
never knew him to be betrayed into an angry deed or word. 
Possessed of fortune and a well-cultivated and richly stored 
mind, he exercised, notwithstanding his retiring mannere, 



the influence which wealth and intelligence confer. One 
of his sons graduated from Princeton College in the class 
of 1836. 



EEDHAM, LEWIS RANDOLPH, M. D., late of 
I'erryville, New Jersey, was born in East lladdam, 
Connecticut, in 1S08. He was for some time a 
school teacher in Sussex county. New Jersey; 
read medicine a short time with Dr. Jepthah B. 
Munn ; subsequently with Dr. John Plane; at- 
tended medical lectures in New York, and in 1835 received 
his decree of M. D. H.iving been duly examined and 
licensed by the State Board of Censors, he entered into part- 
nership with Dr. Blane, under whom he had studied, and 
this partnership was continued up to the time of his death. 
In pr.ictice he was highly successful, and for his ability, as 
well as for his genial manner and true kindliness, was very 
generally esteemed. He was a member of the Hunterdon 
County Medical Society, and was elected Secretary of that 
oriTanization in 1836. He married Susan F. Sayre, of 
Madison, Morris county. New Jersey, by whom he had two 
children, one of whom, a son, is still living. He died 
November 12th, 1841. 



CHENCK, HENRY H., M. D., late of Reading- 
ton, New Jersey, oldest son of Dr. Henry and 
Ellen (Hardenberg) Schenck, was born in New 
York State in Februaiy, 1782 ; his father removing 
a few years later to Neshamie, New Jersey. His 
strong love of adventure led him to enlist in the 
United States army when a mere lad, but being a minor, 
his enlistment was cancelled by his father before he had seen 
service. His next performance, when he had arrived at the 
mature age of seventeen years, was to get married; the lady 
of his choice being Jane Herder, who, being sixteen years 
old, was no less endowed with gravity and discretion than 
was her husband. Being married, he deemed it proper to 
settle down in life, and to this end entered vigorously upon 
the study of medicine under the supervision of his father. 
But medicine was monotonous, so one morning he left his 
books and his bride, and the next that was heard of him he 
was once more a soldier. This time his father concluded 
to give him his head, trusting to the many drawbacks to 
army life to cure him of his military proclivities. But he 
did not cure easily, and it was a round seven years before 
he lapsed back to the life of a civilian, having in the mean- 
time fought through the war of 1S12, up to the battle of 
Queenstown Heights, and after that event havmg passed his 
time as a prisoner in the British lines. His seven years of 
service quieted down his love of adventure, and during the 
remainder of his life he practised medicine vigorously and 
with very uniform success. As a matter of course he was 



43S 



BIOGRAPHICAL EXCYCLOP.EDIA. 



extremely popular ill ihe communities where he lived, his 
energetic habit and bright, cheerful manner making him 
hosts of acquaintances, and these, when they came to know 
his real kindliness of heart, rarely failed to become his 
warm friends. He was for some time in practice at 
Quakertown, removed thence to Readington, (about) i8io, 
and remained in practice at Readington until the time 
of his death, December 20th, 1S23. 



COTT, MOSES, Physician and Surgeon, Revolu- 
tionary Soldier and Officer, late of New Bruns- 
\vick, New Jersey, was born in 173S, and at 
seventeen years of age accompanied the unfortu- 
nate expedition under Braddock, and shared in 
all the privations and perils of the time and cir- 
cumstances. At the capture of Fort Duquesne, three years 
afterward, he had risen to be a commissioned officer. In 
the course of the following year he resigned his commis- 
sion, on account of the invidious distinction made between 
royal and colonial officers ; and, by the advice of Dr. Ewing 
and Mr. Beattie, entered upon a course of studies in medi- 
cine. His first residence was at Brandywine, but about 
1774 he removed to New Brunswick. When the revolu- 
tionary struggle commenced he took an active part on the 
patriotic side, and was appointed, July 2d, 1776, Physician 
and Surgeon General of the State forces, and Director-Gen- 
eral of the Military Hospitals. He then procured a supply 
of medicines and surgical instniments from Europe, partly 
by his own means and credit ; but, unfortunately, a great 
portion of his needed and valuable store fell into the hands 
of tlie enemy on their sudden invasion of New Brunswick, 
at which time he barely saved himself from capture. " He 
was just silting down to the table when the alarm was given, 
and the enemy, entering soon after, took possession of his 
house and regaled themselves on his deserted dinner. A 
tory neighbor told them that the boxes of medicine which 
they found had been poisoned by the rebel doctor, and left 
there purposely to destroy the British troops ; whereupon 
they lost no time in emptying thein into Ihe street." In 
1777 Congress look the entire direction of the medical 
staff, and he was commissioned as Senior Physician and 
Surgeon of the Hospitals, and Assistant Director-General ; 
and in the discharge of the numerous and responsible 
duties attendant on his station he won universal encomiums. 
He was present at the battles of Trenton, Princeton, Bran- 
dywine and Germantown ; and at Princeton was near the 
gallant Mercer when he fell. On the restoration of peace 
he resumed the practice of his profession in New Bruns- 
wick, New Jersey. He was one of the most active workers 
in raising the First Presbyterian Church of that city from its 
dilapidated and embarrassed state; and his is a prominent 
name on the committees called for the purpose of securing 



its restoration to a flourishing condition. " It was through 
his agency, and partly, it is believed, by his gift, the ground 
was jirocured for the building." Having made a profession 
of religion at an early age, he was during his entire life a 
main pillar of the church; and for many years was an effi- 
cient and zealous Elder, and Treasurer of the Board of 
Trustees. His death occurred, December 28th, 1821, at 
the advanced age of eighty-three years. 



TTO, JOHN C, Physician and Surgeon, late of 
Philadelphia, was born near Woodbury, New 
Jersey, "March 15th, 1774, and was the son of 
Bodo Otto, an eminent physician, and a distin- 
guished public character in the stirring days of 
the revolutionaiy conflict. His literary education 
was obtained at Princeton College, and he graduated from 
that institution after the usual course of study and examina- 
tion. He then entered the office of Dr. Rush, and in 1796 
received his medical diploma from the University of Penn- 
sylvania. He soon attained a highly respectable rank among 
his contemporaries, and in 179S was elected one of the 
physicians of the Philadelphia Dispensary, an institution 
which he faithfully served for a period of five years. In 
1813 he was appointed to succeed Dr. Rush (lately de- 
ceased) as one of the physicians of the Pennsylvania Hos- 
pital. Here his untiring devotion to the sick, his sound 
medical knowledge, his matured judgment, and a deep and 
ever-present sense of the responsibilities of the post, proved 
him to be ihe right man for the important position. He 
held this office during a period of twenty-two years. His 
clinical lectures while connected with the hospital were 
models of conciseness, simplicity and truthfulness. One 
of his pupils, himself afterward eminent as a physician, 
writes : " Who cannot look back with lively satisfaction and 
recall the slender and slightly-stooping frame of this vener- 
able physician, as he passed around the wards of the hos- 
pital, stopping at each bed as he passed, kindly saluting his 
patient, making the necessary inquiries into his condition, 
and then, in the most unaffected and yet impressive man- 
ner, addressing himself to the assembled class, and fasten- 
ing upon their minds some valuable medical precept." In 
addition to this responsible position, he was connected 
and identified with several other public charities. During 
twenty years he served the Orphan Asylum, where he was 
greatly beloved by the children and by all connected with 
the institution. He was also Physician for many years to 
the Magdalen Asylum, in whose prosperity he always 
evinced a deep and generous interest. In 1S40 he was 
elected Vice-President of the College of Physicians, a po- 
tion which he occupied at the time of his decease. In 
social life he was remarkable for the simplicity and ease 
of his manners, and for the vast amount of instructive and 



inOGRAn IICAL EXCVCLOP.K DIA. 



439 



suggestive matter tliat generally pervaded his conversation. 
He was warmly attached to tlie Presbyterian forms and 
teacliings, but was also of a truly liberal and catholic spirit; 
and his religion was peculiarly vital and practical. He 
read the Scriptures morning and evening, and rarely passed 
a (lay without perusing a portion of Thomas A Kempis' 
"Imitation of Christ." He died as he lived, an humble 
and devout Christian, beloved and resjiected by all, June 
26th, 1844. He published " Medical Papers" in the New 
York Medical Reposilory, 1S03; contributions to Coxes 
lir,;Hcnl Miisemn, 1S05 ; essays in the Ecleclic Repository ; 
and articles on medical and scientific subjects in the Norlh 
American .^[eMcal and Surgical Journal, 1S2S, 1S30. 



''- "^ IRCH, REV. ROBERT, late of New Rrunswick, 
New Jersey, was born in New 'N'ork city, in 
January, iSoS, and w.as the son of an eminent 
])hysician of that city. While an infant he was 
attacked by a severe inflammation of the brain, 
and life was despaired of, insomuch that his 
mother made his shroud while watching at his couch. He 
was saved, however, by the opening of a vein in his head ; 
bill he always suffered somewhat from the effects of that 
illness to the end of his days. At a very early age he lost 
his father, and with him his expectation of a liberal educa- 
tion, lie was then taken from school and placed in a 
counting-house, for the purpose of acquiring a practical and 
lhorou"h knowledge of mercantile transactions and affairs. 
" Becoming jiious, he was received to the communion of 
the Cedar Street Church, under Dr. Romeyn, at the age 
of twelve. The fatherless and sprightly boy then attracted 
the notice of Dr. John Breckinridge, and was induced by 
him to resume his studies." After graduating at Dickinson 
College he taught a classical school, first at Lancaster, and 
subsequently at Savannah, where he gained many friends 
of high standing and distinction. His theological studies, 
commenced at Andover, were completed at Princeton ; and 
after his licensure, by the rre5bytery of New York, he 
preached for a short time to a new church in a hall in 
Broadway, from which he was called to New Brunswick, 
on a salary of gl.ooo. March 14th, 1S39, Rev. Thomas 
Smyth, D. D., of Charleston, South Carolina, having de- 
clined an invitation to serve as successor to Dr. Jones, he 
was chosen pa.stor of the First Presbyterian Church, Father 
Comfort ]iresiding. The sermon was preached by the late 
Professor Dod, from Psalm xcvii. i ; the charge to the min- 
ister and that to the people being both given by Rev. Ra- 
vand K. Rodgers, Rev. James Alexander, who had been 
appointed to the latter duty, being taken suddenly ill. Ilis 
p.astoral career was brief, but full of zeal and promise ; and 
his interest in the young was evinced in the pains he look 
to get up a course of winter evening lectures of a popular 



character. After his decease, September I2th, 1842, in the 
thirly-filth year of lii-> age, the congregation erected, in 
the new cemetery, a handsome marble monument to his 
memory. 



' EASl.EY, REV. FREDERICK, D. D., Clergy- 
man, Author, late of Elizabelhtown, New Jersey, 
was born in North Carolina, in the last quarter 
of the eighteenth century. During his college 
course at Princeton, where he graduated, he con- 
tracted an intimate friendship with John Henry 
Ilobart and Henry KoUock, which w.as terminated only by 
death. After graduating he studied theology with President 
Samuel Stanhope Smith, acting at the same time as tutor in 
the college. In iSoi he was ordained deacon by Bishop 
Moore, of New York, and priest by the same divine in 
1S02. In September of this year he became Rector of St. 
John's Church, Elizabethtown, but in the following spring 
reigned his charge and accepted a call to the Rectorship 
of St. Peter's Church, Albany. Here he remained until 
1809, the date of his removal to Baltimore, where he be- 
came Rector of St. Paul's Church. In 1813, his health 
being in a precarious condition, and feeling the need of a 
position where lighter and less trying service would be re- 
quired, he resigned his charge and accepted the office of 
Provost of the University of Pennsylvania, a place that 
suited admirably his intellectual tastes and habits ; and 
during the ensuing fifteen years he discharged the duties 
of that station with acknowledged fidelity and ability. The 
office of Provost he resigned in 1828, and in 1S29 became 
Rector of St. Michael's Church, Trenton, New Jersey, 
where he remained until 1836. His health becoming very 
much impaired, he relinquished also his charge at Trenton, 
and removed to Elizabethtown, where he spent the re- 
mainder of his days. He received the honorary degree 
of Doctor of Divinity from Columbia College, and from the 
University of Pennsylvania in 1815. " He was a man of 
slight frame, below the ordinary height, and was very easy 
and rapid in his movements. He was remarkably social 
and frank in all his intercourse." His acquirements in 
literature were extensive and varied, and his chief delight 
was found in reading, studying and meditation. His ser- 
mons were terse, well-written, and cogent in reasoning, 
and while his studies lay mainly in the direction of mental 
philosophy, he had no relish for the Scotch philosophei-s, 
but admired John Locke above all others. He pulilished 
".\ Discourse before the Ladies' Society, instituted for the 
Relief of Distressed Seamen in the City of Albany," 1S08; 
"Inaugural Sermon," in .St. Paul's Church, Baltimore, 
1810; "A Sermon on Duelling," iSll; an anonymous 
pamphlet, entitled " Serious Reflections addressed to Epis- 
copalians in M.-iryland, on the State of their Church gen- 
erally, but more particularly on the Pending Election of a 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOr.EDIA. 



Suffragnn Bishop," 1S13; "A Sermon before the Diocesan 
Convention of Pennsylvania," 1815 ; "American Dialogues 
of the Dead," iSi5;"A (seconil) Sermon on Duelling," 
1822; "A Search of Truth in the Science of the Human 
Mind: Part I.," one volume, 8vo., 1822 (he left in MSS. 
Part II. complete); "A Vindication of the Argument a 
priori in Proof of the Being and Attributes of God, from 
Directions of Dr. Waterland," 1S25 ; " Review of Brown's 
Philosophy of the Human Mind," 1S25; "A Vindication 
of the Fundamental Principles of Truth and Order in the 
Church of Christ, from the Allegations of Rev. William E. 
Channing, D. D.," 1S30; "An Examination of No. 90 of 
the Tracts for the Times," 1S42. He edited also the two 
volumes of Dr. Samuel Stanhope Smith's posthumous ser- 
mons, and wrote the memoir of his life, prefixed to the first 
volume ; and contributed largely to the periodical literature 
of the day. He died at Elizabethtown, New Jersey, No- 
vember 1st, 1S45. 



o/.-i^'YAYARD, HON. JOHN, Colonel in the Revolu- 
tionary Army, Mayor of New Brunswick, late of 
that pl.ace, was born on Bohemia Manor, in Cecil 
county, Maryland, August llth, 1738. His father 
left no will at his decease, and he, being the 
eldest son, became entitled, by the laws of his 
native State, to the whole real estate. Such, however, was 
his affection for his twin brother that no sooner had he 
reached the age of manhood than he conveyed to him 
half the estate. After receiving an academical education, 
under the preceptorship of Dr. Finley, he was placed as a 
subordinate in the counting-house of John Rhea, a well- 
known merchant of Philadelphia. " It was here that the 
seeds of grace began first to take root, and to give promise 
of those fruits of righteousness which afterward abounded." 
He early became a communicant of the Presbyterian church, 
under the charge of Gilbert Tennent, of Log College fame. 
Some years after his marriage he was chosen to occupy the 
station of Ruling Elder, and filled this place with accept- 
ance and energetic zeal. Mr, Whitfield, while on his visits 
to America, became intimately acquainted with him; formed 
for him an affectionate and enduring attachment; and in 
company with him made several extended tours. In 1770 
he lost his only brother. Dr. James A. Bayard, a man of 
promising talents, of prudence and skill, and of a most 
amiable disposition, and growing reputation. The violence 
of his sorrow at first produced an illness which confined 
him to his bed for several days. " But by degrees it sub- 
sided into a tender melancholy, which for years after would 
steal across his mind, and tinge his hours of domestic inter- 
course and solitary devotion with pensive sadness." At the 
death of that brother's widow he adopted the children and 
educated them as his own. One of them became an emi- 
nent statesman, and placed his name high on the tablets of 



national fame and honor. At the opening of the contest 
with Great Britain he was fearless in the enunciation of his 
opinions and views, and took an open and decided part in 
favor of the patriot revolutionists. At the head of the 2d 
Battalion of the Philadelphia Militia he marched to the as- 
sistance of General Washington, and was present at the 
battle of Trenton. He was also a valued and influential 
member of the Council of Safety, and for many years pre- 
sided with marked ability and firmness as Spe.aker of the 
Legislature. In 1777, when a report was spread that his 
house and property had been destroyed by the British army 
and that his servant, who had been intrusted with valuable 
personal effects, had decamped with his trust and found 
refuge within the enemy's lines, William Bell, with whom 
he had served his apprenticeship, and wfio !iad accumulated 
several thousand pounds, insisted that his patron should 
receive one-half of his estate ; this generous offer was not 
accepted, however, .as the report was without foundation. 
" Reiterated afflictions induced a deep depression of mind, 
and for some time he was no longer relieved by the avo- 
cations of business." But in 1785 he was appointed a 
member of the old Congress, then sitting in New York. In 
the following year, however, he was not included in the 
delegation. In 17S8 he removed to New Brunswick, New 
Jersey, where he filled in turn the positions of Mayor of the 
city and Judge of the Court of Common Pleas. He was 
also a Ruling Elder of the church in this place; and con- 
spicuous as a tireless coworker in all measures and move- 
ments calculated to raise the local standard of education, 
political and literary, and of morality and religion. His 
death occurred at New Brunswick, New Jersey, Januaiy 7th, 
1S07, aged sixty-eight years. 



AN DOREN, REV. ISAAC, Clergyman, Educator, 
late of Perth Amboy, was born in New Jersey, in 
the last quarter of the eighteenth century, and 
secured his literary education at Princeton Col- 
lege, where he graduated in due time and season. 
He subsequently applied himself to the study of 
theology under the guidance of Professor Theodore Dirck 
Romeyn, and completed his preparations for the ministry 
with Dr. Livingston. He was licensed by the Classis of 
New York, and was ordained about the year 1798. In 
1800 he became pastor of the Reformed Dutch Church at 
Hopewell, Orange county, New York, where, during a pas- 
torate of twenty-three years, he was blessed with eminent 
success. Leaving his charge, he removed to Newark, New 
Jersey, and during the ensuing four years presided as prin- 
cipal over an academy in that place. Later, in conjunction 
with his eldest son, he est.ablished the Collegiate Institute 
on Brooklyn Heights. He removed from there to Lexing- 
ton, Kentucky. After spending several years in teaching 



BIOGRA-rniCAT. ENCYCLOr.EniA. 



441 



in the West, he returned to New J>;rsey, where his later 
years were passed happily and usefully among his children. 
" He was eminently social, given to hospitality, the gifted 
counsellor of young clergyni-_-n and of all who sought his 
advice." He died at Penh Amlwy, New Jersey, August 
I2th, 1S64. His only publication was a tract entitled "A 
Summary of Clnislian Duty," compiled from the Douay 
Bible. 



i 



'AYLOR, AUGUSTU.S R., Pliysician, late of New 
Biunswick, was born in that town in 1793, or 
1794, and was the oldest son of Colonel John 
Taylor. His medical education was conducted 
under the supervision of Dr. Scott, of New 
Brunswick. He was for many years a member 
of the Board of Trustees of the First Presbyterian Church ; 
and was widely and highly esteemed for his good judgment, 
well-balanced mind, and thorough medical skill and abili- 
ties. He was married, in 1S04, to Catharine Neilson. He 
died in 1S41, at the age of fifty-eight years. Resolutions 
of eulogy and condolence were then passed by the New 
Jersey Medical Society, atrd transmitted to the family. 
During his last illness he was admitted to church member- 
ship; "but that his mind had long been sensible of the 
obligations of religion may be inferred from a copy of a 
prayer found after his death, in his own handwriting. The 
prayer was that beautiful and appropriate one drawn up by 
Dr. John Mason Good, for his own use before entering on 
his daily round of practice." 



■ cCARTER, THOMAS NESBITT, Lawyer, New- 
ark. John McCarter, founder of the family in 
America, was an educated Scotch-Irish Presby- 
terian, who emigrated in 1774 to this country, and 
settled in Morristown, New Jersey. Upon ihe 
breaking out of the revolutionary war he warmly 
espoused the cause of the colonies, and enlisted as a private 
in the Continental army; was shortly thereafter promoted 
to be Assistant Commissary with the rank of Major, and in 
this capacity served until peace was declared. After the 
war he returned to Morristown, and was for a number of 
years clerk of Morris county. His son, Robert H. McCar- 
ter, succeeded him in this office, and subsequently was for 
fifteen years a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas of Sus- 
sex county ; for many years a Commissioner of the Supreme 
Court of New Jersey, and was at the time of his death, 
1851, a Judge of the Court of Errors and Appeals. Thomas 
Nesbitt McCarter, son of Robert H. McCarter, was born at 
Morristown, January 31, 1824. Prepared for college at the 
Newton Academy, he entered the junior class at Princeton 
in 1840; was graduated thence B. A. in 1842; immediately 
56 



upon receiving his degree began the study nf law in the 
oflice of the Hon. Martin Ryerson, at Newton, and was ad- 
mitted to the New Jersey b.ar as an attorney in October, 
1845, and as a counsellor in January, 1S49. Upon being 
licensed, he formed a partnership with Mr. Ryerson, that 
proved highly satisfactory to both parties, and that was con- 
tinued until 1853, when the senior memlier of ihe firm re- 
moved to Trenton, and in a little lime was appointed a 
Justice of the Supreme Court of New Jersey. After the dis- 
ruption of this partnership he practised alone in Newton 
until 1865, when he removed to his present location, New- 
ark. Already well known by reputation to the bar of that 
city, one of the strongest in the State, he was at once ac- 
corded 4 prominent position; and in a few years was one 
of the recognized leaders. In 1868, his practice having 
nreatly increased, he entered into a partnership with Oscar 
Keen, Esq., a partnership that still continues. For a num- 
lier of years his standing as a corporation lawyer has been 
of the highest, and beside being specially retained in many 
of the great suits brought in recent years in the New Jersey 
courts, he is the regularly appointed counsel of several of 
the most important corporate organizations of, or doing 
business in, the State. While resident in Newton he was a 
Director in and Counsel to the Sussex Railroad Company ; 
has been for a number of years a Director of and Counsel 
to the Morris Canal and Banking Company ; has been Coun- 
sel to the Lehigh Valley Railroad Company ; to the Dela- 
ware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad Company ; to the 
Morris & Essex Railroad Company; to the New Jersey 
Railroad and Transportation Company.etc, etc. Aside from 
his professional connections, he has been and continues to 
be prominently identified with various influential corporate 
bodies as a Director. Of the People's Mutual Insurance 
Company ; of the Republic Trust Company— both of New- 
ark ; and of the Easton & Amboy Railroad Company, he 
was one of the original incorporators ; and in each of these 
companies, since their foundation, he has been a Director, 
and has taken an active part in their management. He' has 
twice been tendered a seat upon the bench of the Supreme 
Court of New Jersey— by Governor Olden in 1S60, and 
again by Governor Ward in 1866— but on both occasions 
his desire to remain at the bar led him to decline the prof- 
fered honor. The only professional position of a public 
character that he has accepted has been that of Chancery 
Reporter, tendered him in 1S64 by Chancellor Green; 
and this, after issuing two volumes of reports, he was com- 
pelled by reason of his constantly increasing practice to re- 
sign. For many years he has taken an active part in Slate 
and national politics, and had he chosen to relinquish his 
profession his opportunities for advancement in public life 
were exceptionally excellent. While resident in Newton, 
he was for three years Collector for Sussex county, and in 
1S61 was elected thence, on the Democratic ticket, a mem- 
ber of tlie State Assembly — his election being remarkable 
in that no opposition candidate was placed in the field and 



442 



r.IOGRAnilCAL EN'CYCLOr.KDIA. 



that he received in common the vote of both political par- 
ties. During his term of office he served as Chairman of 
the Comniiltee of Ways and Means, tal<ing an active part 
in all the deliberations of that body — composed of an un- 
usually large delegation of able and influential men — and 
impressing in a marked manner his own personality upon 
all important measures reported by it for legislative action. 
In 1S62 he declined to be a candidate for re-election, and 
in the following year — strongly objecting to its pronounced 
opposition to the prosecution of the war — he definitely 
abandoned the Democratic party. In the Presidential 
campaign of 1S64 he earnestly advocated on the slump — 
and proved the sincerity of his advocacy by his vote at the 
polls — the re-election of President Lincoln; and since that 
date he has been thoroughly identified with the Republican 
party, and in its interest has taken an active part in every 
important canvass. He ha.s twice been nominated a Presi- 
dential Elector: on the Douglas ticket in i860, and on the 
Hayes and Wheeler ticket in 1S76, being elected on the 
former. He married, December 4th, 1849, Maiy Louisa 
Ilnggerly, daughter of Uzal C. Haggerty, Esq., of Sussex 
county, New Jersey. 



' HEPARD, JOSEPH rLA\^A.L,M.D., of Phillips- 
burg, was bom, March 30th, 1819, in Ranton 
township, Hunterdon county, New Jersey. He 
is a son of the late Jacob Shepard, a farmer of 
Ranton. Receiving an ordinary education in the 
schools of Hunterdon, be began in 1848 the study 
of medicine with the venerable Dr. Schenck, of Fleming- 
ton, with whom he remained five years, practising with him 
for a portion of the time, and also attending, in i8y and 
1852, a course of lectures at the Medical Department of the 
University of New York, from which he graduated m 1S53. 
He first settled at Ilightstown, New Jersey, whence, after a 
short residence there, he removed to Phillipsburg, where he 
settled permanently. For about twelve years he was the 
only physician in Phillipsburg, which, at the time he took up 
his residence in it, was a village of less than two hundred 
inhabitants; Harpir^ s G'<J2f//ft'r, published a year or two 
later, putting its population at one hundred and seventy-five. 
It now contains between five and six thousand inhabitants, 
and its growth measures roughly the growth of his practice, 
which from a small beginning has become as large, perhaps, 
as that of any other physician in the county of Warren. 
He is a member of the Phillipsburg Medical Society, of 
which he is President, and of the Warren County Medical 
Society; and in 1877 represented Warren county in the 
State Medical Society. For eleven years he has been a 
member of the Phillipsburg School Board, of which for the 
last five years he has been Treasurer; has been for several 
years a member of the Phillipsburg Town Council, is Treas- 
urer of the Phillipsburg Building Loan Association, Nos. 



I and 4, and nlso a member of the Masonic order. A man 
of strong and rounded character, combining general abilities 
with special training, he touches the community in which he 
lives at many points besides the strictly professional one, 
exerting through each a wholesome and decided influence. 
He was married, in 1856, to Miss Cummings, of Belvidere, 
who died the following year; and again, in 1871, to Mrs. 
Hannah Stears, of Plainfield. 



OTT, GERSHOM, Trenton, Keeper of the New 
Jersey State Prison, late Major-General United 
States Volunteer Army, son of Gershom Molt, and 
descended from a German family long resident in 
New Jersey, was born near Trenton, April 7th, 
1822. Having received at the Trenton Academy 
the groundwork of a solid English education, he began his 
business career, when but fourteen years of age, in a com- 
mercial establishment in New York. Mercantile affairs, 
however, were not to his taste — he was destined to move in 
a broader field — and shortly before the breaking out of the 
Mexican war he had relinquished his position in New 
York, and was temporarily residing with his father in New 
Jersey. When Congress, in May, 1846, voted ten millions 
of dollars for the prosecution of the war against Mexico, 
and at the same time authorized President Polk to accept 
the services of fifty thousand volunteers, the opportunity 
that he required w.as presented, and he eagerly accepted it. 
Promptly upon the publication of President Polk's procla- 
mation calling for volunteers, he offered his services to the 
government, was commissioned a Second Lieutenant, and 
was assigned to the loth United States Infantry. With this 
organization he served during the entire war, distinguishing 
himself for his coolness in danger and for his exactness as a 
disciplinarian — not oidy in seeing that his own orders were 
obeyed, but in rendering prompt obedience to the orders 
addressed to him by his superiors. On the triumphant 
termination of the war he willingly relinquished his military 
rank, having no desire to be a soldier in times of peace ; 
while in recognition of his meritorious services he was 
offered by President Polk the position — previously lield by 
Gershom Molt, Sr. — of Collector of the Port of Lamber- 
ton (now a part of Trenton). This office he accepted, re- 
taining it until the spring of 1S49, when he was removed 
to make room for President Taylor's appointee. About this 
time he was tendered and accepted a clerical situation in 
the office at Bordentown of the Delaware and Raritan 
Canal Company, remaining thus employed until 1S55, ^'^^u 
he was appointed Teller in the Bordentown Bank. It was 
while he held this latter position that the final acts were 
wrought out of the long chain terminating in the war of the 
rebellion. All his life long he had been a sincere believer 
in the principles espoused by the Democratic party; but 
when the Southern division of that political organization 



EIOGKArillCAL KXCVCLOP.HDIA. 



443 



cleclareil and acted upon what its leaders styled the right of 
secession from the Federal Union, he promptly ranged hini- 
self on the side of union and law, and loyally offered his 
services to the government in defence of its menaced ni- 
tegrity. When the famous Second New Jersey Brigade- 
composed of the 5th, 6lh, 7lh, and 8th Regiments— was 
formed, under a requisition made by President Lincoln on 
the 24th of July, 1861, he was appointed (August 4th) by 
Governor Olden Lieutenant-Colonel of the 5th Regiment. 
Practically— Colonel Slarr being ranking officer and acting 
Krigadier-General— he was the Colonel of the 5th; and un- 
der his sujiervision — his previous military training admirably 
fitting him for the task— its men were thoroughly disciplined 
and drilled. Early in December, 1S61, the regiment was 
deemed ready for the field, and was accordingly ordered 
forward from the camp at Meridian Hill, near Washington, 
where it had lain since mustered into the service, and with 
the remainder of the brigade was attached to General 
Hooker's division, at Budd's Ferry, Maryland. In March, 
1S62, it entered upon its brilliant career of service in the 
field ; on the loth of that month a detail of five hundred 
men, under Lieutenant-Colonel Mott, being sent across the 
Potomac to occupy the rebel works at Cockpit Point, aban- 
doned the previous day by General Beauregard in his retreat 
from Manassas, and a few weeks later — having been trans- 
ferred to the Peninsula — went into action for the first time 
at the battle of Williamsburg. In this battle the New 
Jersey Brigade took a leading part, holding for a time the 
entire rebel army in check, and the 5th Regiment was for 
more than nine hours exposed to a frightfully destructive 
fire. For the gallant manner in which he held his ground, 
Lieutenant-Colonel Mott was promoted (May 7, 1862) to 
be Colonel of the 6th New Jersey Regiment; and while in 
command of the 6th his soldierly qualities became more and 
more conspicuous. In the official report of the battle of 
Seven Pines, General Hooker made especial mention of his 
" distinguished services in the field ;" and Acting Brigadier- 
General Starr, in his official reports, again and again speaks 
of his intrepidity and coolness whilst under fire. Through- 
out the Peninsular campaign his record is distinguished, 
notwithstanding the heroic qualities of the men by the side 
of whom he fought. In the second Bull Run battle, July 
28th, 1862, he was severely wounded in the ann, and was 
compelled for a time to relinquish his command ; and it was 
while thus absent on sick-leave that he was unanimously 
commended by his superior officers for promotion. Acting 
upon this commendation. President Lincoln promoted him 
(September 7th, 1862) to be Brigadier-General, and when 
he returned to duty (December 4th) he was assigned, at the 
urgent request of General Hooker, to the command of the 
Second New Jersey Brigade ; or, as it was in fact, the Third 
Brig:!de of the Second Division, Third .'\rmy Corps. In the 
battle of Chancellorsville (May 3d, 1S63) the Jersey troops 
were again placed in the thick of the fight, and were held 
up to their work by General Mott with his accustomed cool- 



ness ana courage. Early in the day he had a narrow escape, 
a rifle-ball passing between his bridle-arm and body, and at 
a later period of the engagement his left hand was struck 
and shattered. After receiving this wound he remained for 
a considerable time upon the field, and it was only when 
greatly weakened by loss of blood that he at last consented 
to go to the rear. During the action a section of Dimmick's 
battery, 1st Artillery, was in great danger of being captured, 
the artillerymen and horses having all been killed, and in 
order to rescue it General Mott ordered Captain NichoUs, 
with a detachment of men from the 8th New Jersey, to 
bring it off by hand. The batteiy was being raked by a 
pitiless fire, and for a moment the rescuing party wavered. 
Promptly General Mott seized the colors, sprang forward 
and said that he himself would lead the detail, and the men 
— with a ringing cheer for their plucky commander — rallied 
at once, put themselves down to their work, and the battery 
was saved. His wound, though not dangerous, was an 
ugly one, and it was not unul the end of August that the 
surgeons would permit him to rejoin his brigade. On 
the 15th of the following October the brigade fought the 
spirited little engagement at McLean's Ford, on Cull Run, 
the ordering of the fight resting entirely with General Mott, 
and resulting in successfully holding the ford against a su- 
perior force of the enemy. When the grand advance was 
ordered by General Grant, in the spring of 1S64, General 
Mott was placed in command of the Second Division of the 
Third Army Corps, a position that he held until the end of 
the war. As had been his custom from the outset, during 
the campaign of the ensuing summer he was utterly regard- 
less of his personal safety, looking only to the eflectiveness 
of his command, and it was owing to this regardlessness 
that (before Petersburg, August iglh, 1S64) he was again— 
though not seriously — wounded. His management of his 
division was as able as had been his management of his 
brigade and regiment, and on the lolh of September he 
was deservedly brevelted a Major-General. Just at the end 
of the war (April 6lh, 1S65), in a skirmish at Amelia 
Springs, he was agani wounded, and while the wound was 
but slight it was sufiicient to temporarily disable him, and 
so prevent him from being in at the death with the brave 
Jerseymen of his command. On the dissolution of the 
army General Mott was placed in temporary command of 
the Provisional Corps, and when, in July, that body was dis- 
banded, his services were still retained, and he was ordered 
to Washington. In August he was detailed to serve on the 
Wirz commission, and in the ensuing November was de- 
tailed to serve on the commission appointed to investigate 
the difficulties between the State of Massachusetts and the 
Austrian government, growing out of the enlistment of 
Austrian subjects by the former. While engaged in this 
last service he received his final promotion, being made 
(December 1st, 1865) a full Major-General of Volunteers. 
He was thus the first soldier from New Jersey to receive the 
brevet of Major-General, and was the only Jerseyman who 



444 



attained to the full rank. On the 20th of February, 1866, 
his resignation, tendered some time previously, was accepted, 
and with hearty expressions of esteem from Secretary Stan- 
ton and other members of the government, he retired from 
the service to which he had so constantly done honor, and 
the interests of which he had so constantly advanced. The 
following is a partial list of the battles in which he person- 
ally took part : Yorktown, Williamsburg, Fair Oaks, Seven 
Pines, Savage's Station, Glendale, Malvern Hill, Bristow's 
Station, Second Bull Run, Chantilly, Centreville, Fredericks- 
burg, Chancellorsville, Wapping Heights, McLean's Ford, 
Mine Run, the Wilderness, Todd's Tavern, Po River, 
Spottsylvania, Spottsylvania Court House, North Anna 
River, Toloposomy Creek, Cold Harbor, before Petersburg, 
Deep Bottom, Mine Explosion, North Bank of -the James, 
Fort Sedgewick, Poplar Spring Church, and Amelia Springs. 
Upon returning to his home in New Jersey, he was offered 
and accepted the important position of Paymaster in the 
Camden & Amboy Railroad Company. In 1S67, while 
holding this office, the regular army was increased, and 
General Mott was appointed Colonel of the 33d Infantry, 
but he declined the commission. Although the nomina- 
tion was in a high degree complimentary to the reputation 
he had made as a soldier, and would certainly have proved 
only a stepping-stone to further preferment, he could not 
bring himself to a soldier's life in time of peace. When 
his country needed him he had not been found absent, but 
the war over he preferred civil life. He therefore con- 
tinued in his railroad appointment, and discharged his 
duties with marked ability and efficiency until March 1st, 
1S72, when the Camden & Amboy Company's lines were 
leased to the Pennsylvania Railroad Company. Shortly after 
this event, September ist, 1875, he was appointed to a much 
higher office, to wit : that of Treasurer of the State of New 
Jersey — his presentation to the treasurership having been 
made by Governor Bedle to fill the vacancy caused by the 
removal of Sooy. The management of the treasury at this 
particular juncture was of course a matter of some little 
delicacy, but by the efficient manipulation of the forces at 
his command he rapidly restored order throughout the de- 
partment, and during the entire period of his incumbency 
he evinced a quite exceptional financial ability. On Feb- 
ruary 15th, 1S76, upon the appointment of his Republican 
successor, he relinquished his trust ; and on the 29th of the 
following March, 1876, was appointed to his present position 
of Keeper of the New Jersey State Prison. In tendering 
him this office. Governor Bedle recognized the fact that his 
habit of enforcing rigid discipline would admirably well fit 
him for the discharge of its responsible duties, and the 
record of his administration up to the present time has 
abundantly justified Ihis belief. In his present, as was the' 
case in all his past professions. General Mott keeps ever 
before him one single word— duty. It is this honesty to 
himself that has maile his life so exemplaiy. He married, 
August 8th, 1849, Elizabeth, d.iughler of John E. Smith 
Esq., of Trenton 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 

h'i\>' ING, REV. BARNABAS, D. D., late of Rocka- 
way, Morris county. New Jersey, was born in 



New Marlborough, Massachusetts, June 2d, 1780; 
graduated at Williams. College, September 5th, 
1804, and in the fall of 1805 was licensed to 
" preach by the Berkeshire Association. On the 

following 24th of December he first stepped upon the soil 
of New Jersey, and soon after began his labors at Sparta, 
Sussex county ; occasionally, also, at Berkeshire Valley, and 
Rockaway, Morris county; his first sermon in the latter place 
having been preached Friday evening, January 24th, 1806, 
at a private house, on the text : " To everything there is a 
season, and a time to eveiy purpose under the heavens." — 
Ecclesiastes iii. I. At various times during that year he 
supplied the Rockaw.ay pulpit; but in October, 1807, made 
an agreement to supply it regularly, and also the one at 
Sparta, on alternate Sabbaths. His labors were so accepta- 
ble that, on the 25th of September, 1S08, he was called to 
be pastor of the church at Rockaw.iy, the call being signed 
and attested by Rev. James Richards, D. D., of Morris- 
town, as moderator of the parish meetings ; and Decem- 
ber 27th was ordained and installed pastor by the Presby- 
tery of New York. The services took place in the old 
church, " which was less comfortable than many a modern 
barn, and which had no stove to warm it." Among the 
eminent men who were present were Drs. Griffin, Hillyer, 
Richards, John McDowell, Perrine, and Rev. Aaron Con- 
dit. Dr. McDowell, then in the third year of his ministry, 
preached the sermon ; and Dr. Perrine, then the pastor of 
the " Bottle Hill Church," as Madison was called, and after- 
ward the associate of Dr. Richards, in the Auburn Theo- 
logical Seminary, delivered the charge to the pastor. "As 
a mark of the times, it may be stated that the services were 
held in that rude and uncomfortable church on a very cold 
day; they were begun with a congregational prayer-meeting 
at ten o'clock, and continued until three in the afternoon. 
There is no tradition of a single complaint, either by the 
clergymen or people, although it is said that the young pas- 
tor was so thoroughly chilled, that when seated at the din- 
ner-table, it was shaken by his trembling."—" Sketch " by 
Rev. Joseph F. Tuttle, D. D. His parish included a circle 
of territory whose diameter was ten or twelve miles. In 
that region he was for several years the sole minister; he 
visited with strict regularity every family; and, in addition, 
held such frequent public services in the church, the school- 
house, or private house, as often to amount, for weeks to- 
gether, to ten each week. These abundant labors, accom- 
plished by the most rigid adherence to rule in reg.ard to his 
health, studies, and time, were attended with extraordinary 
success. The growth of the church was rapid, and health- 
ful in tone and character, and with that there was a marvel- 
lous and desirable change in society. Schools sprang up, 
many young men sought the culture of the college, business 
prospects grew brighter and more extended, the wealth of 
the mines was discovered and appreciated, and the refine- 



r.IOGKArillCAL EN'CVCLOIVKDIA. 



445 



ments of an elegant social life increased. In 1S48 he 
preached his fortieth anniversary sermon, which was pub- 
lished, and preserved among the pamphlets of the New 
Jersey Historical Society. "The greatness and value of 
the good man's labors are related in that discourse with far 
too nuich modesty, in view of the results flowing from his 
residence in the State." In December, 1853, he pronounced 
his forty-fifth anniversary discourse, which he was unwilling 
to publish. December 24th, 1854, he again preached an 
anniversary sermon, the forty-sixth of his pastorate, and 
the forty-ninth of his ministry in the one church, since he 
preached his first discourse in Rockaway, January 24th, 
1806. December 12th, 1S58, the session of the Presbyte- 
rian Church at Rockaway adopted a minute, and directed a 
copy of it to be sent to him, its senior pastor, in view of the 
fact that the fiftieth anniversary of his installation as pastor 
was at hand. In this minute the session speak in terms ex- 
pressive of gratitude to God for sending such a faithful man 
to be their pastor, and for the abundant results of his minis- 
try. " Let it be added that he was spared to his peojile more 
than three years after the occasion referred to. He some- 
times preached, but oftener exhorted, and always with ac- 
ceptance. His mental faculties remained unimpaired, and 
his interest in everything pertaining to his friends, the church, 
and the country, was as warm as in early manhood. The 
Monday night the news of the Bull Run disaster gave such 
horrible unrest to vast multitudes in the loyal States was 
s]>ent by him in sleep as trustful and sweet as an infant's ; 
and he said : ' Children, it cost us seven years of dreadful 
war to give us a nation, it will cost us years of more dreadful 
war to save that nation ; but you need not fear as if it were 
not to be saved. It shall live, and not die.' In the spring 
of 1862 it was thought best by himself that he tender his res- 
ignation formally to the parish ; but, to their honor, his 
faithful people refused to receive it, professing to him an un- 
a'uated attachment." He had then filled the pastorate fifty- 
three years and several months. " On the second Sabbath 
in March, 1862, he had performed his last official act in 
public, with a singular fitness, it being on the occasion of 
his last communion with the church, at the close of which 
he stretched forth his hands and with such pathos and 
beauty pronounced the apostolical benediction, recorded in 
the thirteenth chapter of the Epistle to the Hebrews, that 
many were moved to tears, and some even said they had 
never heard the words before." More than fifty-six years 
before he had preached for the first time in that congrega- 
tion, and more than fifty-four years (from October, 1807) 
had been preaching there regularly, lacking only less than a 
year of being their pastor during that long period. Thus 
writes Rev. Dr. Joseph F. Tultle : " The first half of this 
century was marked by no event more important in its re- 
sults to the region of country of which Rockaway, Morris 
county, is the centre, than the entrance of the Rev. Barna- 
bas King upon his duties as pastor of the First Presbyterian 
Church in that town ; the moral force he exerted effecting 



an entire change in tin' ch-iractcr of the people coming 
within the sjihere of Ills Inlluenee." On the day that his 
resignation was laid ijcAjre the parish he was stricken down 
by sickness ; and after several days of suffering, he passed 
from earth "as peacefully as a little child passes into sleep." 
In his able and interesting history of the Presbyterian 
Church, Dr. Gillett thus describes him : " Frail and feeble 
in appearance, and supposed by all to be consumptive, he 
was spared to the discharge of a long and useful pastorate. 
But while faithful to his special charge, he did not neglect 
the missionary field around him. With the best men of the 
Jersey Presbytery he bore his full share in itinerant evan- 
gelization, going from Powles Hook to the Delaware, to tell 
the destitute of Christ. The monuments of his success were 
scattered around him far and near. One of the most emi- 
nent of his contemporaries, the Rev. Albert Barnes, re- 
marked that he " knew of no minister whose walk and labor 
and success had been so admirable as those of Mr. King, 
of Rockaway. His great ambition was to win souls. His 
one book was the Bible." As a preacher, he was simple 
and scriptural ; and his whole course was characterized by 
good sense, consummate judgment, earnestness of purpose 
and devotion to his work ; and usefulness he placed high 
above eloquence or learning. Yet his utterance was alw.ays 
forcible and manly, and at times touchingly fervent. He 
rested from his labors on the loth of April, 1862, and on the 
13th his remains were consigned to the grave, " In the midst 
of such a concourse of people as was never before gathered 
in the old yard at Rockaway." At his own request, the 
funeral sermon was preached by his colleague in the pas- 
torate of the church. 



ONES, REV. JOSEPH H., D. D., late Pastor of 
the First Presbyterian Church of New Brunswick, 
New Jersey, was born in Tolland county, Connecti- 
cut, and graduated at Cambridge, Massachusetts, 
T'Jr^ wherefrom, by appointment, he became a tutor in 
Bowdoin College. At the expiration of one year 
he removed to Wilkesbarre, Pennsylvania, and ai'ter spend- 
ing two or three years in that place prosecuted his theolog- 
ical studies at Princeton Seminary. He was then engaged 
one year as stated supply of Woodbury, New Jersey, and 
subsequently was called to New Brunswick, with a salary of 
nine hundred dollars. "The church prospered greatly 
under him ; and his pastoral attention was unremitting." 
Every successive year of his ministry here brought with it 
new evidences of prosperity. A parsonage was built in 
1S27, at a cost of three thousand three hundred and fifty 
dollars; and in 1832 anew frame session-house was erected 
adjoining the church, at a cost of two thousand six hundred 
and ninety-six dollars. The old session house was sold 
with permission of the session, and the proceeds, with rents 
amounting to one hundred and seventy-nine dollars and 
forty-four cents, were divided among the owners pro rata. 



445 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA. 



At a later period the congregation had increased so much 
that the project of a second organization was entertained, 
and ventilated in a public meeting called for the purpose, 
but after a warm discussion the subject was indefinitely 
postponed. But, although the project was discountenanced 
by the majority, tliere were a few who continued to uphold 
it ; and eventually a second church was organized. "As in 
consequence of the determination to erect a new edifice the 
pretext of want of room was obviated, it was shrewdly sus- 
pected that theological differences were at the bottom of this 
scheme; and these suspicions grew into belief when, on the 
division of the General Assembly in 183S, the second 
church elected to adhere to the new school, while the first 
church adhered to the old. It is gratifying to be able to add 
tliat the second church having in the course of time become 
freed from its original elements, has since returned to the 
old school connection, and the congregation are now wor- 
shipping in a new and tasteful building, erected chiefly by 
the liberality of three individuals. Although there was no 
small debate about it, it was at last determined by the old 
congregation to take down their house and erect a larger one 
nearly on the same site, viz., on the corner of George and 
Paterson streets." In the interval that elapsed, the consis- 
tory of the Dutch church courteously offered the use of their 
house on Sabbath afternoons, which was gratefully accepted, 
the morning service being held in the lecture-room. The 
new church was dedicated on Thursday, December 15th, 
1S36 ; Dr. John Breckinridge preaching in the morning, and 
Dr. McClelland in the afternoon, to crowded auditories. 
The amount of money disbursed was twenty-three thousand 
three hundred and twenty-eight dollars and fifty-six cents, 
of which six thousand dollars were borrowed. This debt 
was shortly after generously assumed in different proportions 
by ten gentlemen, viz. : Charles Smith, James Neilson, John 
W. .Stout, Frederick Richmond, Joseph C. Griggs, Samuel 
Holcomb, F. R. Smith, Peter Dayton, A. S. Neilson, and 
Augustus R. Taylor. A lien was given them on the unsold 
pews, and the income arising from them; but when it was 
soon after discovered that there was still a further debt on 
the church property to the amount of two thousand eight 
hundred and twenty-six dollars, they voluntarily proposed to 
relinquish their lien, on condition that the rest of the con- 
gregation would raise money sufficient to wipe off this re- 
maining incumbrance. The condition was fulfilled; fresh 
subscriptions were made, and the congreg.ation had ulti- 
mately the satisfaction of occupying their new church, with- 
out fear of sheriff's writs or foreclosure of mortgages. In 
1837 a remarkable revival of religion occurred, "altogether 
unprecedented in the history of New Brunswick," whose 
fruits were the addition of one hundred and forty-nine 
persons to the communion of the Presbyterian church, and 
of about three hundred and fifty to the other churches of the 
city. During that period of grace, the pastors were relieved 
in their arduous duties by the visits of eminent clergymen 
from other places, among whom were Dr. John Breckin- 



ridge, Professor Dod, Mr. Rodgers, Drs. Murray, Archibald, 
James W. Alexander, David Abeel, Thomas L. Janeway, 
and Armstrong. From New Brunswick, the revival spread 
to the neighboring towns ; and the churches of Bound 
Brook, Somerville, Plainfield, and Piscataway, in particular, 
largely shared the blessing. "In the First Presbyterian 
Church there have been other seasons of refreshing, but for 
power and extent the revival of 1837 stands without a 
parallel, either before or since. In attempting to account 
for it, he is of opinion that no natural causes were adequate; 
neither the cholera of 1832, the tornado of 1835, the com- 
mercial embarrassments of a later period, the predisposition 
of the people, or the ordinary means of grace ; in short, he 
prefers to ascribe it to that mysterious and divine agency 
which, like the wind, bloweth where it listeth. It only re- 
mains to add that the great mass of the converts have done 
credit to their profession." The singular success of his 
ministry drew on him the attention of the. Sixth Church of 
Philadelphia, which was languishing, and turned to him as 
one likely to promote their resuscitation. At first he 
declined the invitation, and his people fearing to lose his 
services, at once raised his salary to twelve hundred dollars 
with the parsonage. Eventually, however, yielding to 
urgent importunities and the advice of the Princeton pro- 
fessors, he conceived it to be his duty to go, and accordingly 
gave up his charge in New Brunswick, in the spring of 1838, 
thus closing an honorable and useful career of thirteen years, 
amid the profound and openly expressed regrets of his 
people. "His name and services still continue fragr.ant in 
the memory of New Brunswick." At the time of his de- 
parture, April 24th, 1838, the session reported the large 
number of four hundred and eleven communicants. 



OCKHILL, JOHN, M. D , late of Pittstown, Hunt- 
erdon county. New Jersey, descended from a 
family of Lincolnshire, England, and son of 
- , p Edward Rockhill, of Burlington county. New 
(39^ Jersey, was born in the latter county, March 22d, 
1726. His professional studies were prosecuted 
under the supervision of Dr. Thomas Cadwallader, of Phil- 
adelphia, and upon being admitted to practise he established 
himself at Pittstown, where he was actively engaged during 
the ensuing fifty years. The range of country over which 
his functions were exercised was enormous, being limited 
only by the Blue mountains on the north, and the Delaware 
on the west, and extending on the south and east fairly into 
the territory covered by the physicians of Burlington, Rari- 
tan and New Brunswick. Owing to the troublous state of 
the times, his practice was largely surgical, one of his nota- 
ble cases being a most dangerous gunshot wound that he 
treated with remarkable skill and success. During a foray 
on the part of the Indians living to the north of the moun- 
tains, the house of a settler named Wedges was attacked, 



IJKHiRArillCAI. ENCVCLOr.EDIA. 



447 



captured, pUinderecl and burned; and while the family 
were escaping to the woods, one of the children, a girl of 
twelve, was shot directly through the lungs. She fell, as 
was supposed, dead, but when her people returned the next 
morning, she was found in the brush, very much exhausted, 
but yet alive. Dr. Rockhill was sent for — the distance to 
I'ittstown was nearly forty miles, and the roads were little 
more than blazed tracks through the woods — and by his 
exertions saved her life. She entirely recovered, subse- 
quently married a son of Edward Marshall — the Edward 
Marshall who took the famous " long walk " along the 
Delaware — and reared a family of twelve children. Beside 
attending to his large and far-reaching practice. Dr. Rock- 
hill found time to transact a large amount of other business 
as well, being considerably engaged in public affairs, and 
being for a number of years employed as Surveyor to the 
West Jersey Board of Land Proprietors. He married a 
Miss Robeson, by whom he had several children. The 
brother of this lady married Dr. Rockhill's sister, George 
M. Robeson, late Secretary of the Navy, being a great 
grandson of the latter couple. 



7'AIGIIT, CII.\RLES, Lawyer and ex-Member of 
Congress, of Freehold, New Jersey, son of 
Thomas G. and Ann Eliza (Van Meter) Haight, 
and descended from William Haight, one of 
three brothers who emigrated to this countiy from 
Germany, was born at Colt's Neck, Monmouth 
county. New Jersey, January 4lh, 1S3S. Entering the Col- 
lege of New Jersey, Princeton, as a sophomore, in 1854, he 
graduated from that institution in 1857, and in the same 



ship. He has frequently been a Delegate to the conven- 
tions of his party — was a member and Chairman of the 
New Jersey delegation in 1S72 to the convention that nomi- 
nated Horace Greeley for the Presidency — and in conven- 
tions and party councils generally his opinions are listened 
to with respect and have a considerable influence in moulil- 
ing the line of policy adopted. He is regarded as one of 
the leaders of the younger bar of New Jersey, and in 1873 
was appointed, by Governor Parker, Prosecutor of the 
Pleas for Monmouth county. He was married, in 1862, to 
Mary B., daughter of Dr. J. L. Taylor, of Trenton, New 
Jersey. 



OLCOMBE, HENRY, iL D., late of Everittstown, 
Hunterdon county, was born in Hunterdon 
county, August 5th, 1797. ILaving grailuated 
from the College of New Jersey in 1818, he read 
medicine with his cousin, Dr. George Holcombe, 
of AUentown, Monmouth county, New Jersey — a 
physician who at that time stood at the head of his profes- 
sion in the State — subsequently entered the medical depart- 
ment of the University of Pennsylvania, and from that insii- 
tution received his degree of M. D. in 1821. Having been 
duly licensed to practise as a physician in New Jersey, he 
settled at Rowland's Mills, on the south branch of the 
Raritan, but in the ensuing year (1S22) he removed to 
Everittstown, where he was engaged in active practice 
during the ensuing thirty-seven years. His exceptionally 
thorough education gave him a decided advantage over the 
medical men of the locality, and his services were soon in 
general demand ; in a few years his practice extended over 
almost the entire county, and even across the river into 
Pennsylvania. In 1 82 1 he was one of the founders of the 



year began the stuJy of law in the office of that eminent , jj^,,,^^j^„ (:^^,„ty ^^,,,,^1 gociety, was Treasurer of that 



barrister, Joel Parker; sometime Governor of New Jersey. 
Completing his legal education in the office of Messrs 
Cummins, Alexander & Green, counsellors and attorneys- 
at-law. New York, he was licensed to practise as an attor- 
ney at the bar of New Jeisey in 1861, and as a counsellor in 
1865 Upon being admitted to the bar he established 
himself at Freehold, where he rapidly built up an extensive 
practice. From early manhood he has taken an active and 
important part in politics — a sphere in which his father was 
also distinguished In 1S60 he was elected, on the Demo- 
cratic ticket, a member of the State Legislature, and in the 
session of 1861-62 was Speaker of the House, a position 
the delicate duties of which he discharged in a manner 
satisfactory to both parties. In 1S67 he was elected to 
Congress from the Second Congressional District (compiis- 
in" Burlington, Mercer, Monmouth and Ocean counties\ 
and in 1869 was re elected from the same distnct. While 
in Congress his record was highly creditable, and in 1872 



organization in 1825-26-27-28, and a member of the Board 
of Censors in 1S25. He was also an honorary member of 
the Philadelphia Medical Society. He married Catherine, 
daughter of Samuel Case, Esq , by whom he. had one 
daughter, Elizabeth, subsequently the wife of Baltus Pickel, 
Esq , of Trenton, In agricultural pursuits he took much 
interest, owning a large farm, the affairs of which he man- 
aged with remarkable skill and success. He died on the 
7th of April, 1859 



I 



HETWOOP, HON. WILLIAM, Lawyer, late of 
Elizabethtown, New Jersey, was born in that 
place in 1770, and was the son of John Chet- 
wood, one of the Justices of the Supreme Court. 
His family were originally Quakers, and settled 
first in Salem county, but, after the removal of 



hisVame'was' brought prominently before the State Demo- 1 Judge Chetwood to Elizabethtown, became connected with 
cratic Convention as that of a candidate for the governor- 1 the Episcopal Church. He was educated at 1 nnceton Col- 



44S 



BlOCRAnilCAL EXCYCLOP.ILDIA. 



lege, graduated from that institution in 1792, and subse- 
quently pursued a course of studies in law, under the 
guidance and care of his father. During the memorable 
" Whiskey Insurrection," he became a volunteer, and served 
on the staff of General Lee, having the rank then, or after- 
ward, of Major, by which title he was usually addressed. 
He was licensed as an attorney in 1796, as counsellor in 
1799, and in 1816 was made a serjeant-at-law. He was 
elected a member of Congress by the Jackson party, being 
one of those Federalists who )>referred him to Adams. 
Afterward, however, he acted chiefly with the Whigs. He 
accumulated a very handsome estate, a considerable part of 
which was invested in New York insurance companies, and 
ultimately lost by the great fire of 1835, leaving him, how- 
ever, a competent support. He was for many years a con- 
stant attendant on the sittings of the Supreme Court at 
Trenton, and " was one of those indefatigable workers, 
who, by persistent industry, are pretty sure to succeed." A 
story was formerly told of him that is not without piquancy : 
On one occasion he attended court in his own carriage, as 
the custom then was, expecting to remain only a day, and 
without a change of linen. Unexpectedly detained, it be- 
came necessary for him to go to Sussex county without 
returning home ; and he turned his shirt, in order to appear 
as decently as circumstances would permit. But before it 
was possible to procure a change, he found it expedient to 
turn it back again, and so arrived at home about as he left, 
but with a shirt rather the worse for wear. He married a 
d.iughter of Colonel Francis Barber, who was killed during 
the revolutionary war by the falling of a tree. He died at 
Elizabethtown, New Jersey, in 1857, at the advanced age 
of eighty-six years and six months. 



(USENEERY, HENRY, of Jersey City, was born 
in New Hampton, New Jersey, April 2Ist, 1S2S. 
He is a son of Joseph Warren Dusenbery, of 
New Hampton, formerly engaged in the mercan- 
tile and milling business there, and a grandson 
of Major Henry Dusenbery, a merchant of Phila- 
delphia, who afterwards settled at New Hampton. He 
attended the village school at New Hampton until he was 
fifteen years of age, when he became a clerk in the service 
of Benjamin Shackleton, a merchant at Quakertown, New 
Jersey, whose head-quarters were at Belvidere, Warren 
county, of which the Quakertown business was a branch. 
He remained in that position for three yeai-s, engaging then 
in the same capacity with M. S. Siiger, of Clinton, the 
first mayor of that town, and remaining with him for about 
the same period. Leaving the employment of Mr. Stiger, 
he went to Imlaysdale, Warren county, and set up in busi- 
ness as a general storekeeper on his own account, conduct- 
in ' the business for three years; after which he returned to 



Mr. Stiger's employment at Clinton. In 1854 he removed 
to New York city, and served as clerk in the house of 
Young, Bonnell & Sutphen, on the dissolution of which, in 
1S56, he became a partner in the reconstructed firm of 
Young, Bonnell & Co. Four years later Young retired from 
the firm, when the style was altered to A. Bonnell & Co., 
and afterwards to Bonnell, Dusenbery & Co., and finally on 
the 1st of May, 1869, this latter partnership was dissolved 
to make way for one composed of himself and his brother, 
Joseph Warren, under the name of Dusenbery Brothers, in 
West street. New York. Thus was his business career 
crowned. Never was commercial success more gradual, 
regular, or legitimate, the way for each forward step in his 
course having been made smooth by the preceding one. 
After faithfully toiling at the bottom of the ladder, and 
slowly but surely mounting the rounds, he reached at last 
the top, where he has since stood, and now stands, not only 
a thoroughly successful man of business, a commercial 
leader in the commercial metropolis of the land, but a 
citizen universally esteemed and implicitly trusted. It is 
safe to assume th.it a success thus attained will be steadily 
maintained at its full height. He finds time to discharge 
with acceptability all his civic and social duties, but none 
for the mere contests of party. In religious belief he is a 
Presbyterian, and is a Ruling Elder and President of the 
Board of Trustees of the Firet Presbyterian Church, Bergen, 
Jersey City, New Jersey. He is a Director of the Library 
Association of Bergen, and President of the Central Savings 
Bank of Jei-sey City ; but, though several times nominated, 
he has always declined political office. He is married to 
Emily A. Stiger, daughter of Adam Stiger, of Clinton, an 
old resident and merchant of Hunterdon county. 



i^USENBERY, JOSEPH WARREN, younger 
brother of the subject of the preceding sketch, 
was born at New Hampton, New Jersey, March 
1 2th, 1830. He was educated principally at the 
village school, which he attended until he was 
seventeen years of age, when he entered St. 
Matthew's Hall, Port Colden, New Jei-sey, where he pursued 
his studies for one year, and then, accoutred as he was, 
plunged in the " angry flood " of life. He first entered the 
employment of Benjamin Shackleton, at Quakertown, 
serving him as clerk for some three years, at the end of 
which he went to Clinton, New Jersey, and in the same 
capacity served Joseph Stiger for about the same length of 
time. His service with Mr. Stiger having been terminated 
by that gentleman's death, he formed a p.artnei-ship in the 
general mercantile business with Alexander Bonnell, at 
Clinton, under the name of Bonnell & Dusenbery, which 
continued for ten years or thereabouts. During his mem- 
bership in this firm he was chosen a Director of the Clinton 
Bank. His integrity, talents and success as a business man 



x^ 



BIOGRAPIIICAT, ENCYCI.Or/T:DIA. 



449 



had already given him an enviable standing in the com- 
munity. Sulwequcntly he estal)lished himself in business 
on his own account in the same town, prosecuting the enter- 
prise for about two years, after wliich he removed to New 
York city, where he l)ecame a partner in the firm of Bon- 
nell, Dusenbery & Co., on the dissolution of which he 
united with his brother Henry in establishing the present 
house of Dusenbei7 Brothers, in West street. New York. 
In this house his fortunes, like his brother's, and through 
rem.-irkably similar vicissitudes, have culminated, capping 
with substanti.-il and visiWe success a long, patient, faithful, 
energetic and honorable course of mercantile toils and ven- 
turc,. When the prizes of life are so won, they can excite 
only s.-vtisfnction in the beholder, as they should bring 
nothing but happiness to the possessor. He has been twice 
married: first to Chrissie Dunham, d.iughter of Nchemiah 
r)unhnm, a farmer of Clinton, New Jersey, of which he was 
an old resident, wdio died in 1S62 ; and a second time, to 
Mary De Witt, daughter of Charles A. De Witt, superin- 
tendent of the United States Express Company, Jersey City, 
whose father, Charles G. De Witt, was at one time asso- 
ciated with President Jackson's administration, and in 1S33 
w.is appointed Charge d'Affaires to Guatemala, in Central 
America. 



CThlit] OODRUFF, REV. BENJAMIN, Clergyman, late 
of Westfield, was born in Elizabethtown, New 
Jersey, and was the son of Samuel Woodruff, 
an eminent merchant of his native place, and 
for nearly twenty years a Trustee of Princeton 
College. After graduating he pursued the study 
of iheolog)', probably with his pastor, Elihu Spencer. In 
due time he was licensed to preach, and on March 14th, 
1759, was ordained pastor of the Presbyterian Church of 
Westfield, New Jersey. During the forty-four years of his 
useful and zealous ministry there, he greatly endeared him- 
self to his people by his earnest preaching, sincere piety 
and charitableness, and his pastoral intercourse. He is 
described as small in person, dignified and precise in his 
manners, scrupulously exact and fastidious in his dress, 
with sm.all-clothes, silk hose, buckles, cock -hat and ruffles, 
everywhere the same, and always commanding respect. lie 
died suddenly, April 3d, 1S03, and with him went a well- 
beloved link that connected the old time and the new, and 
a revered and exemplary spiritual guide and exhorter. 



''tEVENS, JOHN, Inventor, Prominent Citizen of 
New Jersey, late of Hoboken, New Jersey, was 
born in New York in 1749. In 17S7, happening 
to see the imperfectly constructed steamboat of 
John Fitch, he at once became interested in steam 
propulsion, and during the ensuing thirty years 
was constantly engaged in experimenting on the subject. 
57 



In l7S9he petitioned the Legislature of New York for a 
grant of the exclusive n.ivig.ition of the waters of that State, 
his petition being accompanied with draughts of the plan 
of his steamboat. The right demanded was, however, not 
granted. In 1804 he constructed a propeller, a small open 
boat worked by steam, and success meeting this venture, he 
built the " Phoenix," a sleamlioat which was completed but 
a short time after Fulton had finished the " ClermoiU." 
Fulton having obtained the exclusive right to the naviga- 
tion of the Hudson, his coworker placed his boats on the 
Delaware and Connecticut. In 1S12 he published a re- 
markable pamphlet, urging the government to make experi- 
ments in railways traversed by steam carriages, and pro- 
posed the construction of his projected railway from Albany 
to Lake Erie. " The railway engines," he thought, " might 
traverse the roads at a speed of fifty miles, or even more, 
per hour, though probably in practice it would be found 
convenient not to exceed twenty or thirty miles per hour." 
The details of construction of the roadway, and of the 
locomotives and carriages, are given with such minuteness 
and accuracy, that " it is difficult to realize that their only 
existence at that time was in the mind of the inventor." 
He died at Hoboken, New Jersey, in 1838. 



TEVENS, ROBERT LIVINGSTON, Inventor, 
President of the Camden & Amboy Railroad, son 
of the inventor, John Stevens, late of Hoboken, 
New Jersey, was born in that place in 17S8. 
Inheriting his father's mechanical genius and his 
deep interest in propulsion by steam on land and 
water, he, while still a youth, commenced a course of dis- 
covery and improvement on these subjects which has given 
him a very high rank among the inventors of this century. 
At the ace of twenty he constructed a steamboat with con- 
cave water lines, the first application of the wave-line to 
ship-building; subsequently used for the first time vertical 
buckets on pivots in the paddle-wheels of steamers, sus- 
pended the guard-beam by iron rods, and adopted a new 
and original method of bracing and fastening steamboats. 
In 1818 he discovered the advantage of using steam ex- 
p.ansively, and of employing anthracite coal as fuel lor 
steamers. In 1 822 he substituted the skeleton wroughl- 
iron walking-beam for the heavy cast-iron one previously 
in use ; first placed the boilers on the guards, and divided 
the buckets on the water-wheels in order to lessen the jar 
of the boat. In iS24he applied artificial blast to the boiler 
furn.ace by means of blowers ; and in 1S27 adapted the 
" ho'i--frame " to boats, to prevent them from bending at tlie 
centre. In the course of the ensuing twenty-t\\'o years he 
made numerous other improvements, in the way of balance- 
valves, tubular-boilers, steam-packing, cut-offs, cross-pro- 
pellers to tuni boats as on a pivot, the forcing of air under 
the bottom of the steamer " John Wilson," to lighten the 



45° 



BIOGRAPHICAL EXCVCLOr.EDIA. 



draft, etc. During this period he also invented and put 
into use the T rail, and used sirccessfully anthracite coal as 
a fuel for fast passenger locomotives. At an early age he 
had established steam ferry-boats on the Hudson river; and 
on the organization of the Camden & Amboy Railroad, took 
a warm interest in its management and development, and 
was for many years its President. In iSl3-i4he invented 
an elongated bomb-shell of great destructive power, and 
imparted to the government the secret of its construction, 
in consideration of which he received a large annuity. In 
1842 he commenced experiments with a view to the con- 
struction of an iron-plated war-steamer, or battery, which 
should be shot-and-shell-proof, and whose construction was 
begun in 1S5S, at Hoboken, New Jersey, under a con- 
tract made by him with the Navy Department in 1S49. 
The actual construction of this vessel was commenced, 
however, in 1856. The following were her principal di- 
mensions; extreme length, 415 feet; breadth, 48 feet; 
depth, 32 feet 4 inches; displacement in tons, 5,840; indi- 
cated steam-power at 50 pounds pressure equal to 8,624 
horses; 10 large boilers; 8 driving-engines; 45^-inch 
cylinder; 3_J^ feet stroke; 2 propellers; 9 subordinate 
engines for various purposes, such as pumping, blowing, 
starting, etc. He also devoted much time and expense to 
an elaborate series of ordnance experiments, and entertained 
no doubt of the practicability of making his battery shot- 
and-shell-proof. Ilis vessel was intended to operate in the 
waters of New York bay and harbor, from Sandy Hook 
upward, ,ind in March, 1S58, was about two-thirds com- 
pleted, all her machinery, boilers and dependencies being 
in place; in February, 1862, the propriety of finishing this 
huge war-instrument was earnestly advocated by those who 
foresaw the duration and probable magnitude of the sec- 
tional conflict, A more detailed and fuller account of his 
various inventions, improvements, etc., will pi'obably be 
found in the later volumes of the "Annual of Scientific 
Discovery." He died at Hoboken, New Jersey, April 20th, 
1S56. 



jOODHUI.L, REV. GEORGE SPAFFORD, Pas- 
tor of the Presbyterian Church at Cranberry, late 
of Middletown Point, New Jersey, was born in 
New Jersey in the last quarter of the past centui-y, 
and was the sou of Rev. John Woodhull, of the 
^ Princeton class of 1766. He also studied at 
Princeton College, and in due time and season graduated 
fiom that institution. He subsequently studied law for two 
years, and medicine for one year; but, determining to enter 
the ministry, was licensed by the Presbytery of New Bruns- 
wick, November 14th, 1797. June 6th, 1798, he was or- 
dained and installed as pastor of the Presbyterian Church 
at Cranberry, New Jei-sey. Here he remained until 1S20, 
when he was chosen pastor of the church of Princeton, 
vhere, for twelve years, he labored faithfully and success- 



fully. In 1832 he resigned his charge, and spent the last 
two years of his life .as pastor of the Presbyterian Church at 
Middletown Point, New Jersey, where he died, December 
25th, 1S34. He was eminently blameless and exemplary in 
his life, eminently peaceful and happy in his death. Three 
of his sons graduated at Princeton ; one in 1S22, and two 
in 182S. 



ILLER, WILLIAM W., Lawyer, late of Paris, 
France, was born in Hunterdon county. New 
Jersey, in 1797. "Although living in the country, 
which commonly presents so many more allur- 
ing pastimes for a boy, and having the com- 
panionship of a large family of brothers antl 
sister's, yet his fondness for and his application to study 
was so great, that at the age of twelve years he was prepared 
to enter the freshman class at college." The regulations 
of the institution not permitting this, he pursued his studies 
alone, and at the age of fourteen entered the junior class of 
Princeton College, half advanced. Before attaining his 
sixteenth year he gradu.ated, taking one of the honors of his 
class, several members of which were afterward distin- 
guished characters in public life. Owing to his youth, he 
was advised not to enter immediately upon his professional 
studies, but to review those to which he had so successfully, 
applied himself while laboring as a student. For this pur- 
pose he went to Somerville, and there instructed in the 
languages a class of young men, all older than himself. 
Shortly afterward, however, he entered upon the study of 
the law with Theodore Frelinghuysen, and was licensed as 
an attorney in 1818, and as a counsellor in 1821. He then 
commenced practice as a lawyer in Morristown, where he 
was professionally occupied during the ensuing five or six 
years, removing subsequently with his family, consisting of 
a wife and three children, to Newark. His reputation as a 
public speaker began at this time to attract attention, not 
only in his own neighborhood, but also in the city of New 
York, so that frequent calls were made upon him to address 
public meetings. His speech in behalf of the Greeks, then 
struggling to relieve themselves from the ojipression of the 
Turks, made in Trinity Church, Newark, July 13th, 1824, 
won for him applause which rang through the whole coun- 
try, and is still spoken of as a master-piece of eloquence. 
In February, 1S25, he was retained as counsel for a minister 
of the Dutch church, who had sued his son-in-law in New 
York for a gross slander. The case was one that excited 
universal interest, and the City Hall was eveiy day crowded 
to excess while it was in progress. The celebrated Thomas 
Addis Emmet was one of the counsel of the defendant ; so 
that every circumstance was calculated to enlist the sympa- 
thy and stimulate the ambition of a young lawyer. He spoke 
nearly three hours on this occasion, during which time the 
excitement of the crowd assembled was intense, and when at 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOr.EDIA. 



4Si- 



last he sank exhausted into a chair, Emmet embraced him, 
and the defendant sobbed so violently as to be heard all 
over the court-room. The cause 'was gained, but it was the 
last efTori of the gifted orator; that night he was prostrated 
by a hemorrhage of the lungs. liy the advice of his physi- 
cians he then left home and repaired to the south of France, 
and for a time seemed on the road to a complete recovery ; 
but on the 24th of July, 1825, he was again attacked by a 
hemonhage, at a hotel in Paris, and there died, at the early 
age of twenty-eight years and a few months, lie lies buried 
in the well-known cemeteiy of Pere la Chaise, where an 
iron railing marks his grave, and which is visited with mel- 
ancholy interest by his American friends. On the news of 
his death, a meeting of the bench and bar was held in the 
court-room at Trenton, of which Richard Stockton was 
chairman and Peter D. Vroom secretary, and highly com- 
plimentary resolutions were duly adopted. Says Hon. L. 
Q. C. Elmer : " I well remember his reputation for splendid 
oratorical powers, and his high character as a Christian 
gentleman. His Greek speech was published, and uni- 
versally admired." 



JUTHERFURD, HON. JOHN, President of the 
New Jersey Historical Society, President of the 
Tuckerton Railroad in Ocean county, and of 
the Council of Proprietors for the Eastern Di- 
vision of New Jersey, and of the New Jersey 
Coal Company, Director in the Sussex Railroad, 
etc., late of Newark, New Jersey, was born at the resi- 
dence of his maternal grandfather, Lewis Morris, of Mor- 
risania, Westchester county, New York, July 21st, iSio, 
and was the son of Robert Walter Rutherfurd and Sabina 
(Morris) Rutherfurd. His paternal grandfather, after whom 
he was named, John Rutherfurd, was a country gentleman 
and large landed proprietor, living on his estate at Edger- 
ton, on the Passaic river, known as Rutherfurd park ; he 
married the sister of Lewis Morris, "thus making a double 
tie of consanguinity in the ancestors of Mr. Rutherfurd " : 
he was also well known throughout the State as a public- 
spirited and energetic citizen, and is recorded as a United 
States Senator in the "Senate Journal " of the First Session 
of the Third Congress, which met in Philadelphia in 1793; 
his only son was Robert Walter Rutherfurd. The paternal 
great-grandfather was a British officer of the rank of colonel, 
who was prominent in several actions attendant on the old 
French war; and letters are still extant in the family, de- 
scribing his sufferings in the campaign on Lake Ontario 
and in Canada ; he married a sister of Lord Stirling, and 
the daughter of James Alexander, who holds an enviable 
and distinguished position in the colonial history of New 
lersey and New York. His maternal grandfather. Colonel 
Lewis Morris, was a son of the signer of the Declaration 
of Independence ; he was the oldest of six sons, " most of 



whom, excepting the youngest, joined the Continental army 
on reaching the age of sixteen ; the youngest, fearing the 
war would close before he was of that age, joined when 
only fifteen." When the British forces entered New York 
the officers took possession of the Morris country place, the 
family hastily escaping with their servants, horses and fur- 
niture, in a flat-boat across the Hudson to Weehawken, and 
to Round Valley, Hunterdon county, where they remained 
until the close of the conflict. " Thus, while this sturdy 
patriot was contending against the enemy with voice ami 
pen in the Continental Congress, he sends his six sons into 
the field as soon as they can shoulder a musket — his family, 
meantime, seeking refuge in a secluded valley among the 
Jersey hills." At the age of two and a half years he went 
to live with his grandfather, at Edgerton, situ.ited on the 
east bank of the Passaic, about seven miles above Newark ; 
the old mansion there existed until quite recently, when it 
was altered and enlarged for a hotel, and ultimately de- 
stroyed by fire. " It was in its day the scene for the dis- 
pensation of elegant hospitality; and there are yet many old 
neighbors and former residents on the river who cherish 
very delightful recollections of the old place, and the pleas- 
ant and joyous times they have had within its hospitable 
walls." As a child he seems to have given token of some 
precocity of intellect ; an extract from an old diary will 
serve to illustrate the fact: "July 21st, 1S17. John Ruther- 
furd is seven years old to-day, and has commenced reading 
history with the Bible." .... "July 24th. Read an extract 
of Egyptian and Persian history, with some extracts in third 
volume of Rollins' ' Belles- Lettres.' — Reading Goldsmith's 
'Abridged History of Greece,' and an abridgment of Alex- 
ander's Life and Conquests, from ' Flowers of History.' — 
We began Goldsmith's ' Rome,' the number of the different 
states rendering Grecian history rather complicated for a 
child of seven year^of age." At nine years of age he was 
sent to school, at the Newark Academy, then presided over 
by Andrew Smith, "a very respectable old Scotchman," 
and " probably because the distance was too far for the 
young boy to go to and fro each day, he was placed at 
board with the family of his teacher, who lived across the 
Passaic, in what is now known as East Newark, on the 
turnpike road near to the crossing of the Morris & Essex 
Railroad, from which place he, in comp.iny with four other 
boys, walked in daily to the academy, w hich then stood on 
the site of the present post-office." From this school he 
was sent to the famous educational institute of Dr. Brown- 
lee, at Basking Ridge, to be fitted "for college. It was in- 
tended also that he should go to Princeton, and be educated 
by the venerable A/ma Mater under whose shadow his father 
had won his scholarly attainments; "but here we have an 
early instance of his strongly marked character, and decision 
of purpose as impressed by nature herself. One day he 
went to Princeton to pay a visit to an old schoolmate then 
in college, and living, as the custom of the times was, in 
'commons;' but the boy, accustomed from his infancy to 



452 



BIOGRAPHICAL EXCVCLOP.IIDIA. 



the observance of all the nice proprieties of refined life, ' Jersey Coal Company, in which enterprise he was warmly 
took such a disgust at the scenes he witnessed among the ; interested, his faith in it being so great that he believed— 
youths at dinner that he at once resolved he would look , from the value of their lands and the superior quality of 
elsewhere for an education.'' Accordingly, and without their coal — that it could not fail to become a very wealthy 
consulting any one, he went to New Brunswick and applied corporation. He was a Director also in the Sussex Rail- 
for admission to Rutgers College; and there, after the ordeal road, in which county was his home, his residence being 
of a two hours' examination, conducted by the Dutch pro- known as Maple Grange. Beyond these official positions 
fcssors who had charge of the curriculum of that institution, he held several others ; was a Director in the New Jersey 
secured a favorable verdict, becoming a member of the | State Agricultural Society, and in several financial institu- 
sophomore class at the early age of fifteen years. lie gradu- ' tions; and was also the honored head of the New Jersey 
ated while in his eighteenth year, and soon after entered Historical Society, in whose prosperity and promotion he 
the law office of Elias Van Arsdale, in the city of Newark. I ever manifested a deep and generous interest, contributing 
After being admitted to the bar, and practising law for i to its funds with no sparing hand, and seeking by every 
about two years, he abandoned his profession in order to means in his power to advance its aims and objects. 
assist his grandfather in the care and management of his j " Many of the priceless manuscripts, documents and literary 
large landed estate. He continued to live at Edgerton until i curiosities contained in our library are the gifts of Mr. 
the death of his grandparents, after which his two aunts, , Rutherfurd and his family, and there is enough today in 
Mary and Louisa Rutherfurd, built an elegant residence on I that library to keep his name ever fresh in grateful remem- 
the same bank of the Passaic, about two miles distant from brance." — R. S. Swords. He was elected a member of the 
New.irk, " which the refinement and taste of those ladies i society November 6th, 1S45, and made Vice-President 
rendered conspicuous for all that is attractive in rural life." J.inuary 19th, 1S65. Spciking of him the same writer 1 



He then took up his residence with them at " Eastridge," 
as the grounds were named, and commenced there his 
married life. He possessed remarkable executive ability ; 
had a far-sighted vision as to the future of the State; and 
furthered materially the many enterprises set on foot to 
develop its interests and resources. " His great self-control, 
his tact in management of all embarrassing questions, his 
whole-soided generosity, his entire abnegation of self, and 
slowness to suspect anything wrong in the motives of others, 
caused him to be almost worshipped among his tenantry, 
and there was probably no one in the entire county of Essex 
who had equal popularity with him." One of his favorite 
projects was the uniting of the waters of the Delaware and 
Hudson by a continuous route of railway ; this led him to 
originate the Warwick Railroad, which was commenced on 
the line of the Erie road, at Chester, and continued to the 
State line, a distance of ten miles. He was also largely in- 
terested in the construction of the Pequest Valley Railroad, 
and was a Director and able worker in the Midfend Rail- 
ro.id; "his counsels and energetic action in this corporation 
will be sadly missed." He was President of the Tucker- 
ton Railroad, in Ocean county, where, with other mem- 
bers of his family, he was very largely interested in the 
Pine Barrens, which are now giving place to cultivated 
lands, fulfilling and realizing the Scripture prophecy, " The 
desert shall blossom as the rose." He was also the Presi- 
dent of the Comicil of Proprietors for the Eastern Division 
of New Jersey; was an hereditary proprietor in this board, 
and had been its presiding officer for ninny years. " His 
influence in that body was so great, and the confidence in 
his inflexible uprightness and sound judgment so general, 
that he never failed, by expressing his opinion, to control 
the action of the board, no matter how divided the senti- 
ment might be." He was also the President of the New 



marks, further: His versatile talents enabled him to devote 
himself with fidelity to every duty he assumed. His memory 
was tenacious to an extraordinary degree, and he was wont 
to depend upon it to an extent that hardly another man 
would have felt safe in doing. He never forgot a business 
engagement, or failed to keep an appointment ; in such 
matters he was the promptest of the prompt. There was 
probably no man in the State whose time was more entirely 
engrossed, and yet it is recorded of him that "he never 
brought his business affairs into his family." In his deal- 
ings with his fcllow-men he was just and generous; no 
friend ever appealed to him in vain for sympathy or aid. 
No man could be more simple and unaffected in manner; 
and yet, so careful was he of wounding the feelings of 
others that, in most cases, where he had the right to be 
severe, he preferred silence to delivery of just resentment. 
His last sickness was sudden and severe. He came from 
Newport early in the fall, suffering from an attack of mala- 
rious fever, complicated with the beginning of the painful 
malady which was to end his days. He then remained 
temporarily at his city residence in Newark, in order to re- 
cuperate under the watching of his physician ; and subse- 
quently returned to his home in Sussex, where he improved 
slightly, and became strong enough to ride about the 
country. Being advised to return to Newark, where he 
could receive more attention and find higher medical skill, 
he started on his return, and on the night of his first day's 
journey was prostrated by a fresh attack while resting at 
the house of a friend. After reaching Newark his malady 
speedily assumed the most serious and alarming aspect; his 
naturally powerful frame and strength of constitution en-' 
abled him to endure for a time what any other man of less 
vigor would at once have succumbed to; but on the 21st 
, day of November, 1872, at 8 o'clock a. m., he breathed 



BIOGKArUICAL ENCVCLOP.EniA. 



his last, " conscious to the extremett moment," and " was 
galhercd unto his fathers, having the testimony of a good 
conscience; in the communion of the catholic cliurch, in 
the confidence of a certain faith, in the comfort of a reason- 
able, religious and holy hope ; in favor (as we devoutly be- 
lieve) with his God; and in perfect charity with the world." 
His funeral took place from Trinity Church, Newark; and 
he was buried in the yard of Christ Church, Belleville, 
where are interred the remains of his father and mother, 
his aunts, and one of his own children. In this church he 
had grown up and become a communicant, and afterward 
for many years was one of its vestrymen ; he also frequently 
represented the parish in the diocesan conventions of the 
Episcopal Church in New Jersey. 



lERRINE, REV. MATTHEW LA RUE, Clergy- 
man, Professor of Ecclesiastical History and 
Church Polity, late of Auburn, New York, was 
born in the last quarter of the eighteenth century, 
and belonged to a distinguished and influential 
family of Monmouth county. New Jersey. After 
graduating at Princeton College he studied theology under 
Dr. John Woodhull, of Freehold, New Jersey, and was 
licensed to preach by the Presbytery of New Brunswick, 
September iSth, 1799. On the 24th of June, iSoo, he was 
ordained, and for four months acted as a missionary in 
western New York. On the 15th of June, 1S02, he was 
installed as pastor of the Spring Street Church, New York. 
Here he continued till the summer of 1820, when, at his 
own request, the pastoral relation was dissolved. In 1821 
he was elected to the Professorship of Ecclesiastical His- 
tory and Church Polity in the Auburn Theological Semi- 
nary. He continued actively engaged in the discharge of 
his various duties till near the close of his life. In 1818 
he received the honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity from 
Allegheny College. "His personal appearance was alto- 
gether agreeable. His countenance indicated great mild- 
ness and benignity, mingled with thoughtfulness and intel- 
ligence; his manners were urbane and winning; his temper 
amiable and benevolent." He was naturally of a specula- 
tive and metaphysical turn, and in theology harmonized 
with Dr. Emmons ; as a preacher he was always instructive 
and interesting, but could not be called popular. His style 
was correct and perspicuous, but, in a great measure, un- 
adorned; yet in the mellow and gentle tones of his voice 
there lurked a great and enduring charni. He had the 
reputation of being an accurate and thorough scholar. He 
published " Letters Concerning the Plan of Salvation, ad- 
dressed to the Members of the Spring Street Church," 
New York, 1816; "A Sermon before a French Missionary- 
Society in New York," in 1817; and "An Abstract of 
Biblical Geography," 1835. He also contributed several 



essays and articles to the current magazines and journals 
of his day. He died, February nth, 1S36. 



(f^JYJI ANNERS, HON. JOHN, M. D., Physician, Law- 
yer and State Senator, late of Clinton, son of 
John and Rachel Manners, was born in Hunter- 
don county. New Jersey, April 8lh, 1786. Having 
received his preliminary education — including, 
probably, a full course in -the College of New 
Jersey — he entered the medical department of the Univer- 
sity of Pennsylvania, and from that institution received, in 
1812, his degree of M. D. While prosecuting his profes- 
sional studies at the university he was also an office student 
with Drs. Benjamin Rush and Thomas Cooper, the latter 
of whom became in due course of time his father-in-law, 
and with the former of whom he maintained for many years 
a more or less close friendship. Shortly after his gradua- 
tion he applied to the New Jersey Board of Censors for 
permission to practise in the State ; was examined, passed 
and licensed. He at first established himself at Fleming- 
ton ; subsequently removed to a handsome country-seat (to 
which he gave the name of Belvoir), near Clinton, and 
finally settled in the town of Clinton. He became a mem- 
ber of the Hunterdon County Medical Society on the revival 
of that organization, in 1836, but as the society immediately 
fell to pieces again, and was not permanently revived until 
1846, he lost interest in it, and during the few years pre- 
vious to his death that it was in active operation he was but 
an irregular attendant at its meetings. He married, August 
2d, 1810, Eliza, daughter of Dr. Thomas Cooper, of South 
Carolina, a connection that brought him into intimate rela- 
tions with many eminent Southerners, and led to a devel- 
opment on his part of a very sincere respect and admiration 
for southern character and customs. The latter to a certain 
extent he introduced at Belvoir, patterning that establish- 
ment, as nearly as circumstances would permit, upon the 
model of a southern homestead. He was an earnest be- 
liever in blooded stock, and his horses were the best bred 
in all the country side ; and the same was true of his cows, 
pigs and chickens. After practising medicine for some 
years he determined upon entering the legal profession 
also; and to this end read law in the office of James M. 
Porter, of Easton, Pennsylvania. Al'ter the usual course he 
was examined and admitted to the bar. Although qualified 
to practise at the bar of both the State and United States 
courts, he does not seem to have been very largely em- 
ployed in either, and it is probable that he studied law 
mainly with the view of making it a stepping-stone to politi- 
cal preferment. For three years previous to his death he 
represented Hunterdon county in the State Senate, being 
durin" the last year of his term President of that body. 
That he would have risen to greater prominence in public 
life, had he lived, is extremely probable, for he is repre- 



454 



BIOGRArniCAL ENXVCLOr.EDIA. 



sented as having displayed while in office more than ordi- 
nary legislative ability. He died, June 24th, 1S53. By his 
will, he ordered that his body should be buried in the 
cemetery at Trenton, and that over liis grave shoidd be 
erected, " of the best Italian marble," a monument bearing 
this inscription : " Erected to the memory of Hon. John 
Manners, Esq., A. M., M. D., and Counsellor at Law of 
the Supreme Court, United States of America. The Friend 
and Medical Pupil of Benjamin Rush, M. D., LL. D., I'hil- 
adelphia. The Friend, the Pupil and the Son-in-law of 
Thomas Cooper, M. D., LL. D., etc., of South Carolina; 
and the Friend and Correspondent of Thomas Jefferson, 
LL. D., of Virginia, formerly President of the United 
States." 



[lERSON, CLARK, Journalist, of Lambertville, 
w.as born in Lambertville, New Jersey, July 13th, 
1S36. He was educated at the private school 
of Mr. Parson, which he attended until he was 
twelve or thirteen years of age, when he entered 
the printing office of the Lambertville Telegraph, 
in which he remained for several years, passing through all 
tlie grades of the craft, and ending with the superintendence 
of the job work, an excellent course of training for one des- 
tined to be a journalist. He did not, however, immediately 
take his seat on the tripod, but first added another chapter 
to his preliminary experience, becoming in 1856 a clerk in 
the office of the Belvidere Delaware Railroad, where he 
remained until 1S5S. In the latter year he bought the 
Beacon newspaper (formerly the Telegraph'), editing and 
publishing it till 1869, and then disposing of it. But he 
made this disposition with no thought of retiring from the 
newspaper business, his eleven years' experience in which 
had not dulled his partiality for it, or failed, as may well be 
imagined, to perfect his mastery of it, particularly as those 
eleven years included the period of the civil war, during 
which American journalism, in all its branches, underwent 
an improvement so rapid and vast that it may be said to 
have been born anew. On the contrary, the sale of the 
Beaeoti establishment was but a step in his journalistic 
career — a step that he followed up by a stride in 1S72, 
when he founded the Lambertville Record, which at once 
took a prominent place among the journals of New Jersey, 
and of which he is still the proprietor and editor. In 
politics he is a Republican, as he has been since the out- 
break of the civil war, previously to which he was a Demo- 
crat of the Douglas school; but as a journalist he is accus- 
tomed to follow his own convictions, which enlist his pen 
and the influence of his paper in the service of eveiy praise- 
worthy reform, whether set down in the party platform or 
not. He is especially identified with the cause of temper- 
ance, of which he has proved himself an effective advocate, 
his strictures on the Lambertville Common Council, for in- 



stance, the majority of whose membei's he deemed to have 
sacrificed the welfare of the people to the interests of the 
rumsellers, telling with such effect that at the next election 
the faithless members were all defeated and their places 
filled by temperance councilmen, no license to sell liquor 
being granted for the three succeeding years. He is also a 
devoted friend of education, and in 1861 his fellow-citizens 
gave him an opportunity to make his devotion fruitful by 
electing him Superintendent of the Public Schools of Lam- 
bertville, an opportunity which, it need not be said, he 
turned to good account. He was the first President of the 
Young Men's Christian Association of Lambertville, in the 
organization of which he bore a leading part. To religion, 
temperance and education, in the cause of each of which he 
is an efficient worker, he adds philanthropy, being, 'to cite 
no further evidence, a Free Mason, belonging to the Lam- 
bertville Lodge and Chapter. In 1876 he was the Repub- 
lican candidate, in the First Legislative District of Hunter- 
don, for the State As.sembly; but, the district being largely 
Democratic, he was defeated. His standing in his own 
immediate community was shown in 1877 by his trium- 
phant choice as Postmaster of Lambertville, the appoint- 
ment having been left to a vote of the people. But the 
character in which he is best known and most influential is 
that of conductor of the Lambertville Record. As a jour- 
nalist he is an acknowledged power in his section of the 
State. 



COTT, COLONEL WARREN, Lawyer, was bom 
in New Brunswick, New Jersey, toward the close 
of the last century, and graduated from Princeton 
College. He subsequently studied medicine for 
a short time with his father, and also paid some 
attention to theology, ** a science congenial to his 
intellect and early education." On one occasion he at- 
tended court in New York, and became greatly interested 
in the able argument of one of the lawyers, and this was 
the incentive that led him to adopt the law as his profes- 
sion. He was admitted an attorney of the Supreme Court 
of New Jersey at the February term, iSoi, and as a coun- 
sellor in February, 1S04. In Februai-y, 1816, he was called 
to the position of serjeant-at-law. In criminal cases he 
showed great power and almost resistless eloquence. He 
argued his last case at the age of eighty, and spoke for 
several hours with very little apparent weariness, consider- 
ing his years. Hon. Hamilton Fish, Secretary of State of 
the United States, on hearing of his death, writes: "Genial 
and bright in intellect and wit, fourscore and ten years 
had not, when last I met him, quenched the ardor of his 
warm and impulsive nature; and I shall ever remember 
Colonel Warren Scott as one of the most attractive talkers 
and agreeable companions whom it has been my fortune to 
meet." He died, .\pril 27th, 1S71. 



n ^fyKa 



BlOGRArillCAL ENCVCLOP.'EDIA. 



ICIIOI.S, ISAAC A., M. D., of Newark, was born 
"5 J I ill iliat city on the 24lh of February, 1828. Ilav- 
V ■ I I in^ received an ample preparatory education, he (le- 
(: 1..^ ciiled upon adopting medicine as his profession, 
^tJ^^*^ and in accordance with this determination matric- 
ulated at the College of Physicians and Surgeons 
of New York. After duly attending lectures, he was grad- 
uated thence, with distinction, in 1850; received his degree 
of M. D., and in the same year entered upon the practice 
of his profession in his native city. From the outset of his 
career, both as a physician and surgeon, he was successful, 
and he has now been for many years one of the leading 
medical men of Newaik. In 1S5S his standing was such 
that he was appointed City Physician, a position that he has 
since, during a period of nineteen years, continued to hold. 
As a surgeon, his reputation is quite exceptional, his prac- 
tice in this branch of his profession being so skilful as to 
lead to his appointment as surgeon to Saint Michael's Hos- 
pital, Newark, and also as surgeon to the Pennsylvania 
Railroad Company. • In his profession, among his brother 
physicians, his standing is of the highest; a fact evidenced 
by his election in 1S73 to the Presidency of the Essex 
County Medical Society. Of the Newark Medical Associa- 
tion, and of the New Jersey Academy of Medicine, he is 
also a distinguished member, taking a prominent part in 
the discussion of all important m.itters, and being a member 
of the leading committees of both organizations. He was 
married in 1S54. 



HITEHEAD, HON. ASA, Lawyer, late of New- 
aik, New Jersey, was born in Essex county, New 
Jersey, and was the son of Hon. Silas White- 
head, who was appointed, in 1S17, Clerk of the 
county of Essex. He was licensed as an attor- 
ney in i3i8; as a counsellor in 1821; and was 
one of those called to the degree of seijeant-at-law in 1837, 
after which time that degree ceased to be conferred. He 
was subsequently commissioned by the Governor to fill the 
position of Clerk of the county of Essex, made vacant l>y 
the death of his father ; and, at the meeting of the Legisla- 
ture in 1819, was regularly appointed to the office. Being 
reappointed in 1824, he occupied that station for a period 
of ten years. Connected with the Pennington family by 
marriage, his politics were like theirs. Democratic, until 
the contest between Adams and Jackson, after which he 
became a \Vhig, and continued an active and influential 
supporter of this party as long as it existed. His term of 
office as Clerk expiring in 1819, when the Jackson party 
was largely in the majority, and political feeling running 
very high, he failed to be re-elected at the moment, " very 
much to his regret." Chief-Justice Ewing remarked at the 
time, however, that " it would prove a gre.at benefit to him, 
for the reason that although he did not seem himself to be 
aware of it, he had the ability to make a first-class lawyer, 



' and now he would be obliged to rely upon his profession.'* 
The opinion thus expressed proved to lie entirely correct. 
He rapidly took rank as a reliable counsellor and an able 
advocate, so that, during the last twenty years of his life, 
he .stood, if not at the head of the profession in the northern 
part of the St.ite, yet among those relied upon in all impor- 
tant cases. In the years 1 833-1 834 he w.as a member of 
the Assembly; and in 1S48, after the adoption of the new 
Constitution, was chosen a member of the State Senate for 
three years. " Of unimpeached integrity, and thoroughly 
imbued with the conservative spirit of the old school poli- 
tici.ins, he exercised a salutary influence in legislation, and 
was active in promoting the success of the Whig parly." 
— Hon. L. Q. C. Elmer. He was a leading member of the 
delegates from New Jersey to the Whig Convention of 1S40, 
and united with them in voting for Gener.il Scott, " without 
even consulting Mr. Southard, upon whom Henry Clay 
l.iid the blame of their not voting for him, as he expected." 
Although he did not favor the selection of General Har- 
rison as the Whig candidate for the Presidency, he cor- 
dially supported him at the election, and aided materially 
in securing for him the vote of New Jersey. He died in 
the spring of lS5o. 



ALBOT, RIGHT REV. JOHN, M. A., Founder 
and first Rector of Saint Mary's Church, Bur- 
lington, New Jersey, and the first Bishop in 
America. The earliest information at hand 
concerning this noteworthy clergyman is, that he 
was once Rector of Freelhern, in the county of 
Gloucester, England, and then chaplain on the ship "Cen- 
turion," which sailed from the Isle of Wight, April 2Sth, 
1702, bringing to America the first missionaries from the 
Society of the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts — ■ 
George Keith and Patrick Gordon. All that follows is 
quoted from a sermon preached at the Ninety-third Annual 
Convention of the Diocese of New Jersey, in Saint Michael's 
Church, Trenton, May 30th, 1S76, by the Rev. George 
Morgan Hills, D. D., Rector of Saint Mary's Church, Bur- 
lington, New Jersey : "During their six weeks' voyage, a 
warm friendship sprung up between Keith and Talbot. So 
like-minded were they that, before the ship reached her 
moorings, Keith proposed and Talbot consented — if the 
Society approved — that they should be associated. ' Friend 
Keith and I,' writes Talbot from New York, 'have been 
above five hundred miles together, visiting the churches in 
these parts of America, viz.. New England, New Hamp- 
shire, New Bristol, New London, New York, and the Jer- 
seys as far as Philadelphia. We preached in all churches 
where we came, and in several Dissenters' meetings, such 
as owned the Church of England to be their mother church, 
and were willing to communicate with her and to submit to 
her bishops, if they had opportunity.' The many letters of 



456 



BIOGKAI'IIICAL KXCVCLOI'.EDIA. 



Mr. Talbot to private per<;oii5, as well as for tlie public eye, 
IHCsent him to us a well-furnislied priest of apostolic sim- 
plicity, resolute, fearless, transparently honest, intent only 
on the kingdom of God and the righteousness thereof. 
'God bless Queen Anne,' he exclaims, in one of his letters 
ti) a personal friend, ' and defend her that she may defend 
the faith ; and her faithful councellours, if they have any 
piety or policy, I'm sure will take some cour.-.e with these 
heathens and hereticks, for if they be let alone to take the 
sword (which they certainly will when they think they are 
strong enough) we shall perish with it, for not opposing 
them in due time.' When we reflect that this utterance 
was made seventy years before the armed hostilities of rev- 
olution, we must regard it as a prophecy remarkably ful- 
filled. There was not only timid temporizing in managing 
the government of the colonies, but culpable neglect in 
manning the church. And yet what openings there were ! 
' It grieves me much,' writes Mr. Talbot, ' to see so many 
people here without the benefit of serving God in the wil- 
derness. I believe I have been solicited to tarry in twenty 
places where they want much, and are able to maintain a 
minister, so that he should w-ant nothing.' The earnest 
determination of Mr. Talbot finds vent when he says, ' I 
believe I have done the church more service since I came 
hither than I would in seven years in England. Per- 
haps when I have been here si.x or seven years, I may make 
a trip home to see some friends (for they won't come to 
me), but then it will be Animo Revertendi, for I have given 
myself up to the service of God and his church apud Amer- 
icanos ; and I had rather dye in the service than desert it.' 
. . . ' I use to take a wallet full of books and carry them 
a hundred miles about, and disperse them abroad, and give 
them to all that desired them, which in due time will be of 
good service to the church.' In November, 1705, the 
clergy of New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, met 
at Iknlington, and drew up an address to the Society, the 
whole burden of which was that a Suffragan Bishop might 
be sent to them. This address was signed by fourteen 
clergy, some of whom belonged to the Church of Sweden — 
(a beautiful instance of the catholic inter-communion of 
those days) — and with it was their united letter to the 
llishop of London, commending Mr. Talbot, who w.as de- 
])ne(l to carry it across the ocean. The following March 
Mr. Talbot was in London, ' soliciting for a suffragan, books 
and ministers;' and two years afterwards we hear from 
him in New Jersey once more. August 24th, 1708, he 
writes : ' I am forced to turn itinerant again, for the care of 
all the churches from East to West Jersey is upon me ; what 
is the worst is that I can't confirm any, nor have not a dea- 
con to help me.' Three years more elapsed, and in Octo- 
ber, 1712, the famous property of John Tatham, at Burling- 
ton, a 'gre.-xt and stately palace, pleasantly situated on the 
north side of the town, having a vei-y fine and delightful 
garden and orchnrd,* and embracing in its domain 'fifteen 
acres,' was bought by the Society for six hundred pounds, 



sterling money of England, or nine hundred pounds cur- 
rent money of New York, for a Bishop's Seat. A bill 
was ordered to be drafted to be offered in Parliament for 
establishing bishoprics in America. Everything presaged 
success; but, before the bill was introduced, its great 
patroness, Queen Anne, died. The first George was ab- 
sorbed by what politicians regarded as more important than 
religion in the colonies. He alienated many by the course 
he pursued both in church and state; and Mr. Talbot, it 
was rumored, omitted from the litany the sutfrage that the 
king might have ' victory over all his enemies.' Whether 
this was only rumor, we are unable to say. We know that 
he and three of the most distinguished laymen in New Jer- 
sey, ex-Governor Bass, Hon. Colonel Coxe, and Alexander 
Griffiths, Attorney-General, were charged by Governor 
Hunter, in a very scurrilous letter, with 'incorporating the 
Jacobites in the Jerseys.' Mr. Talbot's vestry, who had 
known his doctrine, manner of life, and purpose, with whom 
he had been at all seasons for twelve years, united in a 
formal disavowal of the charge, pronouncing it 'a calumni- 
ous and groundless scandal,' and indorsing their rector as 
' a truly pious and apostolic person.' During the next 
twelve months one of Mr. Talbot's bills was ordered to lie 
by for a half a year, and a missionary was sent over to take 
his place in case of his removal. Of this he writes in 1716, 
' I suffer all things for the elect's sake, the poor church of 
God here, in the wilderness. There is none to guide her 
among all the sons that s'ne has brought forth, nor is there 
any that takes her by the hand of all the sons that she has 
brought up. When the apostles heard th.at Samaria had 
received the word of God, immediately they set out two of 
the chief, Peter and John, to lay their hands on them, and 
pray that they might receive the Holy Ghost ; they did not 
stay for a secular design of salary; and when the apostles 
heard that the word of God was preached at Antioch, pres- 
ently they sent out Paul and Barnabas, that they should go 
as far as Antioch, to confirm the disciples, and so the 
churches were established in the faith, and increasing in 
number daily ; and when Paul did but dream that a man 
of Macedonia called him, he set sail all so fast, and went 
over himself to help them ; but we have been here these 
twenty years, calling till our hearts ache, and ye own 'tis 
the call and the cause of God, and yet ye have not heard, 
or have not answered, and it is all one. I must say this, ' 
that if the Society don't do more in a short time than they 
have in a long, they will, I fear, lose their honor and char- 
acter too. I don't pretend to prophesy, but you know how 
they said the kingdom of God shall be taken from them, 
and given to a nation that will bring forth the fruits of it.' 
These and such like appeals, petitions, remonstrances, and 
warnings, were made persistently, not only by Mr. Talbot, 
but by all whom he could associate with him, for a period 
of eighteen years. Finally, in 1720, Mr. Talbot went to 
England, and received the interest on Archbishop Tcnison's 
legacy as a retired missionary. He was absent nearly two 




t(c/La}L.K c^ C^^W^^i^^^^ U^'f^' 



inOGUArillCAL ENCYCLOr.EDIA. 



457 



years and a half, and during this time made the acquaint- 
ance of the nonjuring bishops who had perpetuated their 
succession from the days of Bancroft and Ken. In 1722 
he received consecration from this source, and returned to 
America. On his arrival he did more as a missionary than 
ever before. He instituted the daily service in Burlington, 
with frequent communions, preaching on Sunday mornings, 
and catechising or homilizing in the aflernoon. He urged 
the establishment of a college, and suggested that the Soci- 
ety's house in Burlington be devoted to that purpose. He 
travelled from ihe capes of Delaware to the mountains in 
East Jersey. He visited Trenton and Hopewell and Am- 
well, preaching and baptizing nineteen persons in one day. 
He visited persons that were sick, in one instance going all 
the way from East Jersey to Burlington and back, to get the 
elements, that he might administer the holy communion to 
some converts eighty ye.ars of age who had never received it. 
He set up a sclioilmaster to read prayers, and controlled 
the churches of Pennsylvania and New Jersey with the 
magnetism of his warm and honest heart. Two years he 
was thus engaged, 'no man forbidding him,' when another 
nonjuring bishop, one of his consecrators, Robert Welton, 
arrived and took charge of the church in Philadelphia. 
Contrasted with the establishment in Great Britain, the 
nonjurors were a ' feeble folk,' yet in the transatlantic world, 
they could 'make their houses in the rocks.' The govern- 
ment became alarmed. His Majesty's ' Writ of Privy Seal ' 
was served on Wellon, commanding him upon his alle- 
giance to return to England. Talbot was ' discharged ' the 
Society, and ordered to ' surcease officiating.' Welton went 
to Lisbon, where he shortly died. Talbot remained in Bur- 
lington, universally respected and beloved. More than 
one memorial was sent lo the authorities in his behalf. 
The church people of Philadelphia, Bristol, and Burlington 
united in praying for the removal of his inhibition, declar- 
ing with solemn deliberation ' that by his exemplary life 
and niinisti7, he had been the greatest advocate for the 
Church of England, by law established, that ever appeared 
on this shore.' The next information comes from a news- 
paper, d.ited ' Phil.idcl|ihia, November 30th, 1727. — Ves- 
lerd.iy, died at Burlington, the Rev. Mr. John Talbot, for- 
merly minister of that place, who was a pious, good man, 
and much lamented.' On his widow's will I discovered, 
within a few months past, his episcopal seal — a mitre, with 
a plain cross upon it, and beneath, the monogram, 'J. Tal- 
bot.' Such, in outline, is the career of one who did what 
he could to act the good Sam.-aitan to the 'half dead' 
church in the wilderness, which the priest and the I.evite 
of the court passed by. Because he acknowledged that he 
had the oil of the apostolate, as well as the wine of the 
priesthood, he was buried — a confessor for the truth. His 
character, his acts, his motives, examined through every 
available medium, fail to furnish him with a har.-,her epi- 
taph than ' the zeal of thine house hath eaten me up.' In 
spirit, he resembled Ridley ; in fidelity, Juxon; in suffering, 
5S 



Sancroft; in devotion, Ken. Me sought no emolument, 
he claimed no jurisdiction, he assumed no title, but a hun- 
dred and fifty years after his entombment, we, members of 
a free church in a free State, custodians of his sepulchre 
and trustees of his memory, arise up and give him the title 
emeritus, ' First Bishop of the Continent of America.' " 



flERSON, WILLIAM, Jr., M. p., w.is born in 
Orange, New Jersey, November 20th, 1830. He 
comes of a line of physicians, being a son of Dr. 
William Pierson, a grandson of Dr. Isa.ac Pier- 
son, and a great-grandson of Dr. Matlhi.is Pier- 
son. He was educated at Nassau Ilall, taking 
the degree of A. M., as well as that of A. B., and studied 
medicine in the medical department of the University of 
ihe City of New York, from which he graduated, settling in 
his native town. His specially is surgery, in which he has 
attained marked distinction. He is a member of the Essex 
Medical Union ; of the Essex District Medical Society, of 
which he was President in 1S65; of the Medical Society 
of New Jersey, of which he has been Secretary ; and of the 
New Jersey Academy of Medicine, of which he is now Vice- 
President. He was Surgeon of the Board of Enrolment 
for the Fourth Congressional District of New Jersey during 
the civil war. In 1S51 and 1852 he was House Physician 
and Surgeon to the Brooklyn City Hospital. He is at 
present Surgeon to the Orange Memorial Hospit.al, and 
Consulting Surgeon to S.aint Barnabas Hospital in Newark. 
His reputation alike as a physician and as a man is high 
and clear. He was married in 1856. 



ERHUNE, RICHARD A., M. D., Physici.in, of 
the city of Passaic, was born, January 9th, 1S29, 
in Hackensack, Bergen county. New Jersey. His 
father, Garrit Terhune, is one of the oldest med- 
ical practitioners in the State ; his mother was 
Elizabeth (Zabriskie) Terhune— the former a na- 
tive of New Jei-sey, and the latter of New York State. 
Richard A. Terhmie received a very careful home educa- 
tion, his father t.iking the utmost pains to ground him sol- 
idly and thoroughly in the studies he was to pursue, and to 
secure for him the utmost mental discipline and develop- 
ment. This course of home education was supplemented 
by attendance at the public schools, and the two agencies 
secured for him a good degree of trammg .and a large stock 
of practical and carefully selected knowledge. Influenced 
partly by the f.acl that his father was an emment physician, 
and partly by the natural bent of his own niclinations, he de- 
cided upon entering the pigdical pvofession, and in the yeaf 



45S 



EIOGRAPHICAL EXCVCLOP.EDIA. 



1S46 he commenced a regular preliminary course of profes- 1 Medical Society have erected to his memory a costly mono- 
sional study, under the direction of his father. His pre- ment in Mt. Holly cemetery. Dr. James Beakes Coleman 
paratory course completed, he entered the College of Phy- was educated in Trenton, ard spent s..me y«.rs with an 
sicians and Surgeons in New York and attended three [ apothecarj-, during which lime he dcvr.tcd h msclf particu- 
courses there. He graduated and received his dii)loma in j larly to chemistry, and became for one of his age, and at 
1S50. On receiving his diploma he at once commenced ; that period, an excellent practical chemist. He read such 
practice in Passaic, Tn association with his father. This as- ' books as could be procured, sought advice from a Phila- 
bociauon continued until the year 1S61, when he commenced delphia friend engaged in the same pursuits, and was able, 
independent practice, in which he has ever since continued, under the difficulty that then attended chemical studies, to 
He speedily won the confidence of the community by the j succeed in making experiments, even making sulphate of 
extent and thoroughness of his profe:«ional knowledge, l.y ; <iuinine, a remedy that had within that year been introduced 
the skill which characterized his practice, and by the zeal j from France. He began the study of medicine when nine- 
and energy with which he performed the duties of his call- 1 teen years of age with Dr. Nicholas Belleville, of Trenton, 
ing, and In consequence a large and valuable patronage was attended three courses of lectures at Yale College, and 
so^n at his command. He is a member of the Passaic , graduated in 1829. He rea<l a thesis, as was the custom at 
County Medical Society, in which body he has from time ■ that school, before the assembled profcs-ors and examiners 
to time held official positions. Besides being a devoted | appointed by the State Medical Society. The subject of the 
professional man, he is an active and public-spirited citizen, [ thesis was the " Similarity of the Ner^•ous and Galvanic 
interesting himself in all movements for the benefit of the , Fluid," a matter little investigated at that time. In the dis- 
community in which he lives. He is President of the Town ' cussiou that occurred in defence of the doctrines advanced, 
AVater Company, and was President of the Board of Coun- | the late Professor Silliman strongly advocated the theories 
cil of the city of Passaic for three years. He was married, of the thesis, and assisted in removing the objections of 
in 1S61, to Mrs. Emily L. Morrell, widow of Richard some of the examiner;. After graduating, nearly two years 
Morrell, of Jersey Cit'y, and daughter of the late Alanson were spent in Philadelphia, when the prospect of a better 



Randal, of Ncwburgh, New York. 



S-K^ 



immediate practice offered in Burlington county. New 
Jersey, which was accepted. Here an easy countrj- practice, 
in a delightful neighborhood, occupied six years. During 
this interval, besides attending patients, some of the time 
was occupied lecturing to lyceums on subjects connected 
'y(0*-OLEM.\N, J.\MES BE.\KES, M. D., of Trenton, \ with medical studies, as natural philosophy, chemistry, vege- 
I 1 1 was bom in 1806. He is descended from ances- table physiology, phrenology, and battling with the Thomp- 
Vllj tors who long before the Revolution lived in sonians, who then were popular and infested the neighbor- 
'^)\Jf Trenton and the immediate neighborhood. His , hood. Against them he wrote and had printed a Hudi- 
(^y^ great-grandfather, Edmund Beaked, as far back as 1 brastic pamphlet of twenty-one pages, which seemed to 
1716 resided in Trenton, and was for a long | have tlie effect in that region of quieting their clamorous 
period Surveyor-General of West Jersey. The only child ; advocates, and driving away their troublesome doctors, 
of Mr. Beakes married Job Pearson, of one of the \ViIIiam ' The pamphlet was called " Number Six, or the Thompsonian 
Penn Quaker families of Pennsylvania. He resided on a conferring the degree of Steam Doctor on Sam Simons, 
farm two and half miles above Trenton, in Lawrence town- \ with Practical Advice." Practice, although pleasant from 
ship, at the period of the Revelation. His only living child, | all its associations in this ncighlx)rhood, was necessarily 
a daughter, married James Coleman, of an adjoining town- [ limited, not enough to occupy the whole time of one w ho 
ship. The Colemans were the first settlers of that district, was desirous to gain a |X)silion in a profession that requires, 
James Coleman was a man highly esteemed by his acquaint- \ along with other <iualifications, that of much and varied ex- 
ances for his intelligence and manly qualities. His death ! perience. The last move was to return to Trenton, his 
occurred at middle age. He left a family of four children, ' native place. Here, since 1837, he has remained without 
two boys and two girls. One of the dauglne;^, an accom- ' interruption engaged in general practice; the lime absent 
plished and intelligent woman, died many years since; the ' during this long period would not amount to more than five 
other still lives, a blessing to those who depend on her for ! weeks, and part of this time awjy has been occasioned by pro- 
sympathy and counsel. The oldest son. Dr. Isaac Peaison ' fessional calls. Although a general practitioner he became 
Coleman, died November 4th, 1S69, at Pemberton, New better known as a surgeon, for cases in this department are 
Jersey. He was eminent as a physician and surgeon, and more under the public eye. Soon after establishing himself 
was sought in counsel in most of the difficult cases that '■ in Trenton, while yet young in bis profession, the higher 
occurred in his district. He was President of the New operations in surgery were frequently performed by him. 
Jersey Medical Society in 1858. So kindly was he regarded As early as 1842 he extirpated successfully the parotid 
by his brothers of the profession that the Burlington County glaud of John Gibbs, in Lambcrton, an operation the for- 



l!IOGR.\rilICAL EN'CVCLOr.KUlA. 



459 



inidable character of which speaks well of his skill and 
nerve as a surgeon. Gibbs died some lime afterward of 
consumption. Many plino-plastic operations, relieving great 
deformities, such as lost noses restored by flaps cut from the 
forehead, and limbs distorted by burns relieved by transfer- 
ring skin to the contracted part ; lithotomy, cataract, stra- 
bismus, club-foot, trepanning, strangulated hernia, hardly an 
operation of importance that he has not been successful in 
performing. Mechanical knowledge, invention, and a 
ready use of tools, enabling him to construct without assist- 
ance almost any implement or apparatus he may require, 
have qualified him particularly for the surgical branch of his 
])rofe5sion. The skill of a physician is hardly as demon- 
strable as that of the surgeon ; our only estimate is formed 
from the regard in which he is held by his patients, and by 
the members of his own profession, and by his writings. 
Judging from these he is entitled to high rank. His patients 
have been amongst those of the first position and intelli- 
gence, and they regard him as authority ; his brother phy- 
sicians accord him know'ledge of his profession in a high 
degree, theoretic and practical ; his communications to 
medical societies show that he is original in thought, and 
industrious in research. A report to the New Jersey Medi- 
cal Society, " On the Effects of ilercurial Preparations on 
the living Animal Tissues," read before the society in 1S53, 
and published in their Transactions of that year, had it met 
the eye of Surgeon-General Barnes during the early part of 
the rebellion, when he was about ordering the army sur- 
geons to prescribe no mercury for the soldiers, would have 
been the document of all others upon which to base his 
action and authority. A paper on Malaria, for the same 
society, published in their Transactions of 1S66, took the 
position that malaria is the product of diseased action in 
vegetables, not of vegetable decomposition, J)ut poisonous 
emanations caused by pen-erted functions, as in animals 
when suffering from infectious diseases. This new and 
reasonable analogy has been received with much favor, and 
as a matter of general interest was republished in Beccher's 
Magazine in 1S71. Many papers have been read by him 
l>efore the Mere^ County Medical Society on practical sur- 
gery, such as knee-joint operations, illustrated by his own 
cases ; apparatus for fractured clavicle ; the propriety of im- 
mediate operations in cases of severe wounds, confirmed by 
railroad and machinery wounds, in which limbs have been 
amputated before reaction came on, showing the effect of 
the knife was to stimulate life and cause reaction, while the 
operation caused less pain during the prostration that fol- 
lowed the shock of the accident. These communications 
stated his experience had been that all cases thus promptly 
treated had done better in every respect, and without anjes- 
thesia than others in which there had been the ordinary de- 
lay.. He also contributed a series of articles, published in 
Beecher's Magazine, on natural and artificial mechanism, 
making in all a good-sized volume. The first attempt, of 
which there is any record, of forced ventilation of public 



Iniildings to drive the circulation of hot air by a blowing- 
fan, w.as in the New Jersey I'cnilcnti.ary, iu 1S41. At that 
time he was Physician to the prison. The former plan of 
healing this establishment was by hot water circulating 
through the ranges of cells: it was the Perkins' plan, and 
adopted in many public buildings; heat without ventilation 
radiated from hot pipes, and as a consequence the cells be- 
came very offensive. The new plan was conceived from a 
hint given by a visit to Hanover furn.ice, where they had 
adopted the hot-air blast to facilitate the reduction of iron 
ore. The air here was found hot enough to burn a shingle 
as it rushed through the tuyere in the lower part of the 
furnace. A description of a new way to warm the prisoners, 
and at the same time to ventilate perfectly, was drawn up, 
and submitted to the inspectors. It was approved and 
brought before the Legislature. An appropriation of $5,000 
was made for the purpose. The apparatus was constructed, 
and Profe-ssor Henry was called to witness the experiment 
and give his opinion as to the value of the method. He 
said it was a new thing and he doubted its practicability. 
This is the plan by which all well-ventilated and well- 
warmed public buildings are now managed, and it was 
throw-n out of the New Jersey Penitentiary because they 
had not power to spare from iheir other work to drive the 
fan. Almost as soon as electroplating was made known to 
the public he conceived the idea of applying the process to 
forming raised cuts to be used after the manner of wood- 
cuts in printing. He traced pictures through a wax coating 
on copper plates, filled up with more wax the broad spaces 
between the lines of the drawings, covered the edges and 
back of the plates with a still further coat of wax, and by 
proper arrangement submitted the prepared drawing to gal- 
vanic action in a solution of sulphate of copper. He suc- 
ceeded in forming a precipitate of pure copper that filled 
all the lines and around all the intervening spaces, which, 
when separated from the copper plate, showed the drawing 
in relief. These were backed, mounted, and used in the 
printing press more than a year before Palmer, of London, 
published his first pictures, and after this identical plan. 
The writer of this has seen some of these old plates, made 
in 1845. He is the originator of a plan for firing large 
ordnance, such as the fifteen or twenty-inch guns, by a cen- 
tral chamber, on which the ball rests, with the main charge 
' of the powder around this chamber, so that it cannot take 
fire until the inner chamber has been fired and the inertia 
of the heavy ball has been overcome by its lift from its bed. 
Thus started, it is accelerated in its motion by the main 
body of the powder taking fire from the fount after the 
whole of the ch.arge in the central chamber has been exploded. 
Commodore Robert F. Stockton, who led the way in heavy 
guns, as well as steam war vessels, when the results of the 
adoption of this plan to a fowling-piece were named to him, 
said it was the only method by which good, quick powder 
could be used in heavy cannon. To overcome the inertia 
of the huge ball suddenly was too great a shock for the 



460 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOr.EDIA. 



<.uns a„a this would be the remedy. Mr. Edwin Stevens, | successor to Dr. A. J. Clark ; in 1857 removed to St. Paul, 
who was present, had his attention called to it, and deter- Minnesota, and in 1S57 returned thence, and tinally settled 
mined in case his battery was accepted by the government in Lambcrtville. He was a prominent member of the 



to experiment on the plan, confident that it would succeed. 
The late John A. Roebling was so taken by this plan to set 
heavy balls in motion that he made efforts to have it brought 
before the Ordnance Department. Apart from his profession 
and the useful allied arts, he seems to have indulged in 
painting and poctr)', particularly in the earlier years of his 
life. Many of his pieces appeared in the Philadelphia 
United Slates Gazette, when it was edited by Joseph R. 
Chandler, and were extensively copied. One, " The Cities 
of the Plain," was published as anonymous in a Boston 
collection of select poems. A ready sketcher, many excel- 
lent likenesses and good paintings of his early friends are 
still to be found. One, the portrait, three-quarter length, 
of his old preceptor. Dr. Belleville, would do credit to 
many a professed artist. During the United States Bank 
troubles, when General Jackson made war upon it, the cele- 
brated " Gold Humbug " caricature was published in New 
York, in the style of a large fifty-cent ticket. Thousands 
were struck off and sent to all parts of the countrj- ; more 
profitably to himself, the publisher said, than anything of 
the kind he had attempted. Another, executed when John 
R. Thompson ran for Governor of New Jersey, representing 
the railroad running over the backs of the people, contrib- 
uted greatly, it was thought at the time, to the success of 
Stratton, the opposing candidate. He was President of the 
Medical Society of New Jersey in 1S55 ; has been President 
of the Mercer County Medical Society at different times ; 
President of the Board of Health, of Trenton, for the last 
five or six years ; one of the Board of Managers of the New 
Jersey Asylum for the Insane, and of the United States 
Board of Examining Surgeons for Pensions. 



' TUDDIFORD, JAMES IIERVEY, M. D., late of 
Lambcrtville, son of the Rev. P. O. Studdiford, 
D. D., for forty five years pa.stor of the Presbyterian 
Church at Lambcrtville, was born in that town, 
September 12th, 1832. His preliminary educa- 
tion was received in the College of New Jersey, 
whence he was graduated with honors in 1S52. In the 
same year he began the study of medicine under his uncle. 
Surgeon Josiah Simpson, of the Medical Staff, Unitcil States 
Amiy, and in the winter of 1852-53 attended lectures in 
the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania. 
The ensuing winter he attended lectures at the University 
of New York, and in the spring of 1S54 received from that 
institution his degree of M. D. In 1S56, having, after due 
examination by the State Board of Censors, received his 
license to practice as a physician in New Jersey, he estab- 
lished himself at Quakertown, Hunterdon county, as the 



Hunterdon County Medical Society, being elected Vi 
President of that organiMtion in 1S66, and President in 
1S67, and in all its affairs taking an active interest and 
leading part. For several years he was a Ruling Elder in the 
Presbyterian Church of Lambertville. At the time of his 
death he had attained to an extensive practice, and was 
esteemed no less for his professional ability than for his 
moral worth. He died March 23d, 1S70. 



OODKUFF, ABNER, later of Perth Amboy, was 
born in Elizabethtown, New Jersey, December 
28lh, 1767, and was the son of Elias Woodruff, 
also of Elizabethtown; George \V. Woodruff was 
his brother; in 1772 his father settled in Prince- 
ton. In Februar)', 1779, Abner joined the grammar 
school in Nassau Hall, and, as he says, " Commenced the 
rudiments of education." In 1780 he entered the Fresh- 
man Class of Princeton College. Soon after graduating he 
took up his residence in Sussex county. New Jersey, where 
he was engaged in mercantile operations until 17S7. In 
September of that year he returned to Princeton, and was 
there admitted to the degree of Master of Arts. In Septem- 
ber, 1794, having resumed business in Sussex county, he, 
with his partner, both belonging to a volunteer troop of 
horse, joined the expedition organized and fitted out to 
quell the whiskey insurrection in western Pennsylvania. 
He then acted as a Paymaster of the 2d Regiment of New 
Jersey Cavalry. In December of the same year he returned 
to his native State. In 1798 he received an appointment as 
Midshipman in the navy, and continued in the seriice until 
1S03, when he resigned his commission and removed to 
Georgia, where he resided for a number of years. He 
afterward took up his residence at Perth Amboy, New Jer- 
sey, where he died, January nth, 1842. 



-^ 



ALL, JOHN, M. D., late of Pittstown, Hunterdon 
county. New Jersey, was bom, in I7S7> in Sole- 
bury, Bucks county, Pennsylvania, and received 
his professional education under Dr. John Wilson 
of the latter place. About 1807 he succeeded 
Dr. McKissack, at Pittstown; acquired a consid- 
erable practice and became in that locality extremely i>op- 
ular. The kindly regard so generally felt for him was 
based largely upon his success in the treatment of disease, 
but It was probably mainly owing to the fact that his 
charges for professional senices were very small, and that 
he rarely took the trouble to collect even these. If the 




^aSz^ A£. OiJ^i^^^ 



^ 



niOGRArillCAL ENXVCLOr.KniA. 



461 



recovered jKitient lefl a jug of apple brandy at the doctor's 
door, it was considered in the light of full jiayment of a 
long bill ; and while in the end his too free use of his liquid 
fees tended to throw his practice into other and steadier 
hands, it is none the less true that his professional ability 
was quite exceptional. He was very fond of oul-door 
sports— hunting, fishing and riding— and in such passed 
much of his time. lie died September I2lh, 1S26. 



{ 



fOREHOUSE, GEORGE READ, M. D., was bom, 
March 25th, 1829, at Mount Holly, Burlington 
county. New Jersey. He is a son of the Rev. 
George Y. Morehouse and Martha Read, de- 
scendants respectively of Colonel Andrew More- 
house and M.ijor Z. Russell, of the Revolution. 
He is a graduate of the College of New Jersey, from which 
he received also the degree of A. M., having graduated in 
1S4S, and been made Master of Arts in 1S51. He studied 
medicine in the Jefferson Medical College and the medical 
department of the University of Pennsylvania, graduating 
from the latter in 1851, and settling in Phil.adelphia, where 
he has since resided. He is a member of the PhiU-idelphia 
County Medical Society ; of the College of Physicians of 
Phil.idelphia ; of the Philadelphia Ac.idemy of Natural 
Sciences; of the Pathological Society of Philadelphia, and 
of the Biological Society. He has enriched medical litera- 
ture with numerous writings, some of which at least, it is 
safe to s.ay, the profession " will not willingly let die ; " as, 
for example, " Respiration in Chelonians," Smithsonian 
Institute, 185S; "Reflex Paral>-sis as the Result of Gun- 
shot Wounds ; " " Malingery, Especially in Regard to the 
Simulation of Dise.ises of the Nerious Sj-stem ; " " Gun- 
shot Wounds and Other Injuries of the Ner\-es," Philadel- 
phia, J. B. Lippincott & Co., 1S64; " Laryngo-Trache- 
otomy," and the " Use of Atropia in Prolapsus Iridis." 
From 1862 to 1865 he was Acting Assistant Surgeon in 
charge of the Special Hospital for Nervous Diseases, at the 
comer of Christian street and Turner's lane. 



'/ 
jjINDSLV, HARVEY, M. D., was bom, Janu.ary 
nth, 1S04, in Morris county. New Jersey. He is 
descended through both lines (Lindsly and Con- 
diet) from English stock, the representatives of 
which emigrated to this country more th.an two 
hundred years ago, and settled in New Jersey. 
He prepared for college in Somerset county. New Jersey, at 
the classical academy of the Rev. Dr. Finley, afterwards 
president of the University of Georgia, graduated at Prince- 
ton College, and studied medicine in the city of New York 
and Washington, District of Columbia, graduating at the 



latter place in 1S2S, and settling lliere immediately, where 
he has ever since resided. He retired from general prac- 
tice in 1S72, not less full of honors than of years. For 
several years he was Professor of Obslelrics, and subse- 
quently of the Principles and Practice of Medicine, in ilie 
National Medical College, in the District of Columbia. 
He is a member of the Medic.il Society of Washington; 
of the American Medical Association, of which he has been 
President; and of the Washington Alumni Association of 
Princeton College, of which he w.is elected President, De- 
cember 23d, 1876; and an honoraiy member of the Rhode 
Island Medical Society, the Historical Society of New Jer- 
sey, and numerous other societies in different quarters of 
the country. He has published articles on a variety of 
medical subjects in the American journal of Aftdicnl 
Science and other medical journals, as also literary and 
scientific articles in the Xorth American Re^ieiv, Southern 
Lilerarv Afcssenger, and other periodicals of the kind. In 
1S33 he was elected President of the Board of H'-nlih nf 
Washington, and held the position for many year-, lie 
was for thirty years a member of the American Colonization 
Society, and Chaimian of its Executive Committee. Philan- 
thropist, sanitarist, and auth <r, as \>'-". as physician, he has 
borne well his part alike ii >' ..ons and in his great 

vocation, wherein especially .. .las walked worthy of it, so 
that now, when nature in him st.ands on the " verge of her 
Confine," he may enjoy the sweet solace of looking back 
over a long and busy life spent in usefulness and crowned 
with honor. 



«r?>s 



e/" 



LANCKE, FERDINAND F., Capit.alist and In- 
surance President, of Linden, was born, Januaiy 
31st, 1831, in M.anden, Prussia. His p.irents were 
Frederick .\. Blancke, a merchant of the city 
just n.amed, and .\nna (Snider) Blancke, of Dues- 
berg, on the Rhine. He came to this country in 
the year 1854, and established himself in New York, where 
for nearly ten years he was prosperously engaged in llie 
confectionery business. In the year 1S64 he renioveil to 
New Jersey, locating himself in what was then the little 
town of WheaLsheaf. Here he purchased four hundred 
acres of laiid, and inaugurated a series of improvements 
which have resulted in the thriving town now known as 
Linden. The success which has attended his enterprise 
here well illu.strates the energy and executive ability 
of the man. His character has inspired esteem and confi- 
dence in his neighbors, and they have given practical ex- 
pression thereto by placing him in various positions of trust 
and responsibility. He has been twice elected to the Slate 
Legisl.ature ; is President of the Germania Fire Insurance 
Company, of Elizabeth, which position he has fdled since 
the organization of the company in 1871 ; is President of the 
Union Manufacturing Company of Elizabethport ; is a 
Director of the First National Bank of Elizabeth, and has 



462 



BIOGRAnnCAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 



lieen for the past six years; has been a Director of the New- 
Jersey Slate Agricultural Society for the past eight years ; is 
the Manager of the Rahway Savings Bank, and is a Director 
of the Mechanics' Savings Bank, of Elizabeth. In politics 
he is thoroughly independent, always voting for the men 
and the measures best calculated in his judgment to ad- 
vance the welfare of the city, the State, and the nation, lie 
was married, April 3d, 1S55, to Caroline Brake, of Balefeld, 
Germany. 



'TRYKER, SAMUEL STAXIIOPE, M. D., was 
born at Trenton, New Jersey, May 4lh, 1842. 
He is not only a native but a descendant of 
natives, his ancestors being American for many 
generations back. He received his preparatory 
education at Lawrenceville, New Jersey, and his 
classical at Princeton, studying medicine at the University 
of Pennsylvania, from the medical department of which he 
graduated in March, 1S66. He settled in West Philadel- 
phia, where he now resides. He is a member of the 
Pathological Society of Philadelphia, and of the Philadel- 
phia Obstetrical Society. As yet he contents himself with 
drawing from the fountain of medical literature, instead of 
contriliuting to its treasures, except indeed as every success- 
ful practitioner, especially in a great city, cannot help 
doing, seeing that practice furnishes the material of litera- 
ture. He is at present Visiting Accoucheur to the Phila- 
delphia Hospital. Still on the sunny side of his prime, of 
excellent general culture, and of acknowledged professional 
skill, he has a firm footing on the ladder of fame, and will, 
it may be safely predicted, steadily ascend the shining 
rounds. 



•LARK, WILLIAM PATTERSON, M. D., late 
of Belvidere, New Jersey, son of the Rev. Joseph 
f^lllj Clark, was horn in New Brunswick, in which 
(^^ town his father was for many years pastor of the 
<J~7'^ First Presbyterian Church. After graduating in 
1S19 from the College of New Jersey, Princeton, 
he studied medicine, was licensed as a physician, and for a 
short time was engaged in practice in Wilkesbarre, Penn- 
sylvania. He subsequently removed to Clinton, Hunterdon 
county, and in 1S21 was one of the founders of the Hunter- 
don County Medical Society. He was the second Treasurer 
of that organization (elected May 7th, 1S22), and at the 
same time served as a member of the Board of Censors. 
His essay, "A Cursory Analysis of the Theory of Health, 
Predisposition, and Disease," read at the first semi-annual 
meeting of the society (October 23d, 1821), was the only 
])aper read at that meeting, and was the firet of any sort 
read before the society. In 1S36-37 he w.is Third Vice- 
President of the New Jersey State Medical Society. He 



i 



removed to Belvidere in 1825, and was there actively en- 
gaged in practice until the time of his death, occupying a 
leading place among the physicians of that locality, and 
possessing to a remarkable degree the confidence and esteem 
of the entire community. He died .September 4th, 1857. 



\'RYEE, REV. PHILIP, Pastor of the Reformed 
Dutch Church at English Neighborhood, and 
late of Morrislown, New Jersey, was born in 
New York. in 1775 or 1776. In November, 
, .~ 182S, he was called from Saratoga, New York, to 
the church at Bergen, to succeed Rev. Mr. 
Abeel. His installation look place December 21st, 1828, 
on which occasion Rev. Benjamin C. Taylor preached the 
sermon, and Rev. Staats Van Santvoord addressed the 
pastor and the people, immediately after which he delivered 
his introductory discourse, on Mark xvi. 15: "Go ye into 
all the world, and preach the gospel to every creature." 
Having, in his fonner field of labor, taken great pleasure 
and labored diligently in rearing new churches, while foster- 
ing the interests of his principal charge ; and, being pos- 
sessed of a kind spirit and gentleness of manner, he knew 
excellently well how to seek and follow the things which 
secure peace; with mild persuasion he gained many friends 
at English Neighborhood, and labored diligently and 
lo\ingly in his holy calling. About this time occurred the 
foreclosure of a mortgage covering the schoolhouse at New 
Durham, which had been executed by the seceding Con- 
sistory. The case was decided in favor of the mortgagee, 
and a heavy amount had to be raised to meet the claim. 
The Reformed Dutch Church at Bergen then aided their 
involved brethren to the amount of one hundred dollars, 
and the Collegiate Church in New York appropriated to 
them three hundred dollars, received by them in 1836. 
Thus relieved from these temporal difiiculties, " God was 
pleased, in the winter of 1837-3S, to visit them with 
spiritual blessings," and at the Febniaiy communion nine- 
teen persons were admitted to church membership on con- 
fession of faith. In 1839, in consideration of the growth 
of population at New Durham, and the increased desire for 
more frequent service there, the Classis, in September, 
recommended the attention of the English Neighborhood 
Consistory to the propriety of organizing a district church at 
New Durham. On the 1st of October the Consistory ex- 
pressed their view of its inexpediency, and on the 7th of 
that month determined that it would not "at present" ad- 
vance the interests of the church. The measure was not 
effected until March 27lh, 1843. It was effected kindly, 
however, and the English Neighborhood Consistory agreed 
to convey to the New Durham Church the lecture-room 
owned by them at this place. In 1847 he requested his 
Consistory to take measures for calling another minister, in 
consideration of his increasing bodily infirmities, but they 



Bior.RAriiicAT. F.NX'YCLor.r.niA. 



463 



po\lponcil acting on Ms request for some time. On llie 
6th of l-'eljiuary, 184S, he requested tlie Consistory to join 
liim in asking of Classis the dissolution of the ecclesiastical 
tie which had so pleasantly subsisted between them for 
nearly twenty years. The kindness of his feeling for this 
flock was attested on the occasion by the following state- 
ment : " There is a considerable sum due me for wood and 
hay, also in money. These arrearages I give to my Con- 
sistory, hoping that it may encourage all my friends 
to have my place filled." On the 3d of April, 1848, 
the Classis, as requested, dissolved the connection be- 
tween him and the church, and adopted a resolution ex- 
]iressive of" their esteem for this honored servant of Christ, 
and their appreciation of his valuable pastoral labors." 
Under his ministry there were added to the communion of 
his church eighty-four persons on confession of faith, and 
twenty-eight on certificate — in all, one hundred and twelve. 
Shortly after his resignation of his pastoral charge he re- 
moved to Morristown, New Jersey, to reside with his son- 
in law, Richard W. Stevenson, M. D. There, on the 24th 
of February, 1S50, he passed away. In 1S34 he was 
honored by the Trustees of Rutgers College with the degree 
of Doctor of Divinity. His widow, his daughter — Mrs. 
Stevenson — and his son, Abraham Duryee, survived him. 
On the west w.ill of the English Neighborhood Church is a 
while marble ])late, placed there as a memorial of him by 
Thomas II. Herring. 



^jEPUE. HON. DAVID AYRES, Justice of the 
Supreme Court of the State of New Jersey, was 
born at Mount Bethel, Northampton county, 
Pennsylvania, October 27th, 1 826. He is of 
Huguenot descent, and his ancestors were among 
the earliest settlers of Pahaquarry, Warren county. 
W'hen Samuel Preston, in 1787, went out with a party into 
Northampton county on his first surveying tour, he met 
with two members of the family, and experienced at 
their hands great hospitality, and from them gained much 
valuable information. Writing to Ha%ar<rs Register in 
June, 1828, respecting the Meenesink settlement, this sur- 
veyor says, that " at the venerable Samuel Dupuis' they 
found great hospitality and plenty of the necessaries of 
life ; " also, that " Samuel Dupuis told them that when the 
rivers were frozen he had a good road to Esopus (now 
Kingstcni) from the mine holes on the mine road some 
hundred miles ; that he look his wheat and cider there for 

salt and necessaries They were of opinion that the 

fii-st settlements of Hollanders in Meenesink were many 
years older than William Penn's charter." Samuel Dupuis 
(or Depue) treated the surveying party so well that they 
concluded to make a survey of his claim " in order to be- 
friend him, if necessary." But the Indians thought they 
ought to say something about this time. So, when the men 



began to survey, the Indians gntliered around nnd walihcd 
fur a while. At length an old Indian laid his hand on the 
shoulder of one P4athaniel Scull, and said, " Put up i;on 
string; go home." This injuncticm seemed likely to be 
followed up by further demonstrations of Indian disap- 
proval, so the surveyors "quit and returned." In another 
letter the same writer says : " I found Nicholas Dupuis, 
Esquire (son of Samuel), living in a spacious stone house in 
great plenty and affluence." From him the surveyor ob- 
tained much information as to the means of communication 
with the outside world enjoyed by the settlers, when and by 
whom the mine road was made, the ores that were dug, 
and the formation of the original settlement ; but he only 
gave it as tradition, there being no records of any kind. 
At the time of this interview, June, 1787, Nicholas Dupuis 
was about sixty years of age. The settlers then were by no 
means clear whether they were living in the jurisdiction of 
New Jersey or Pennsylvania. Judge Depue's ancestors 
continued to reside in this section, and his father, Benjamin 
Depue, was a citizen thereof. The family moved, however, 
in 1840, to Belvidere, Warren county. New Jersey. After 
a sound preliminary training, the subject of this sketch en- 
tered Princeton College, matriculating in 1S43. At the 
conclusion of a three years' course he was graduated, and 
soon thereafter began the study of law under the direction 
of John M. Sherrerd. In due course he was admitted to 
the bar, July, 1849, ^'"^ began practice at Belvidere in the 
same year. He met with encouraging success, and prose- 
cuted his profession until the year 1866, when Governor 
Marcus L. Ward offered him a seat on the Supreme Bench, 
to succeed Judge Daniel Haines. The nomination was ac- 
cepted, and his commission bears date November 15th, 
1866. On the expiration of his term, in 1873, he was 
reappointed by Governor Joel Parker. Being himself a 
Republican, and originally appointed by a Republican, this 
renomination by a Democratic governor is all-sufficient tes- 
timony to the ability, impartiality and integrity of his ad- 
ministration of justice. On appointment he was assigned 
to the Essex and Union Circuit, and in order to be conve- 
nient to the sphere of his duty he removed to Newark, where 
he has since resided. He received the honoraiy degree of 
LL. D. from Rutgers College in 1S74. The judiciary of 
New Jersey has always ranked deservedly high, alike for 
ability and integrity, and this eminence will never be lost 
so long as the bench is occupied by men like Judge Depue. 
No purer or more thoroughly conscientious jurist ever wore 
the ermine. With a singularly even-Iialanced mind, akeen 
discrimination, and vast capacity for work, joined to pro- 
found knowledge of the law, he fiils precisely the popular 
estimate of the upright, incorruptible judge, and his rulings 
and decisions carry with them an influence and weight 
which make them practically irresistible, whether as state- 
ments of law or interpretations of evidence. Judge Depue, 
with all his learning, is a man of exceptionally simple and 
unaffected manners, and in his intercourse with his fellows 



464 



BIOGRAPHICAL EN'CYCLOP.EDIA. 



is genial and Icinilly to the last degree. In his leisure hours 
he finds great delight in the perusal of favorite authors, and 
there are few men of his years who are more familiar than 
he with the best thoughts of the kings and priests of litera- 
ture, lie has a fine appreciation of humor in its higher 
forms, and the happy faculty, moreover, of seeing the sun- 
shine of things rather than the shadow. Such a man — 
pure, able, broad in all his views, steady in the discharge 
of duly, inflexible in his detestation of wrong, squaring his 
life by the perfect standard established by the Master — is 
not merely a blessing to the community which his virtues 
illuminate: he is a model and a helper, by as much as he 
reinforces the moral forces of the world, to the whole 
brotherhood of man. 



dJ 



^j^j^IXDSLEV, JOHN EERPUEX, M. D., was born 
at Princeton, New Jersey, October 24ih, 1S22. 
His family, in the paternal line, were among the 
first colonists at Morristown, New Jersey, while 
his maternal ancestors, the Lawrence family, set- 
tled at Hell Gate, Long Island, as early as 1660. 
He was educated at the University of N.nshville, Tennessee, 
from which he graduated in 1839, taking the degree of 
A. M. in 1842, and after attending the session of 1841-42 
at the medical department of the University of Louisville, 
entered the medical department of the Universiiy of Penn- 
sylvania, from which he graduated in March, 1S43, "''h 
William Walker, of Nicaragua fame, subsequently attending 
the session of 1849-50 at the medical department of the 
University of Louisville. His home has been at Nashville 
since 1824, when his father, having declined the presidency 
of Princeton College, took charge of the Nashville Univer- 
sity. In October, 1850, he became Professor of Chemistry 
and Pharmacy in the Medical Department of the Universiiy 
of Nashville, and Dean of the Faculty, devoting six years 
mainly to the duties of the deanship, the school meanwhile 
groH ing from nought to over four hundred students. In 
1S73 he resigned his professorship. From February, 1855, 
to M.\y, 1870, he was Chancellor of the University of Nash- 
ville, preserving it unharmed throughout the war. He is a 
member of the American Medical Association, and a very 
faithful one, having attended nine of its annual meetings; 
and of the Numismatic and Antiquarian Society of Phila- 
delphia, and a Fellow of the American Association for the 
Advancement of Science. He is the author of a " Eulogy 
on R. M. Porter, M. D.," 1S56; and of an "Introductory 
Lecture," 185S; and is now engaged on the "Medical 
Annals of Tennessee," at the request of the Slate Medical 
Society. He is also engaged now on a work to be entitled, 
"Sources and .Sketches of Cumberland Presbyterian His- 
tory," his literary efficiency in behalf of Presbyterianism 
having already earned for him the degree ofD. D., from the 
College of New Jersey. In conjunction with Dr. J. G. M. 
Rumsey, of Knoxville, he will publish in the coui-se of the 



present year (1S77) the "Abridged Annals of Tennessee." 
In 1S75 he was Secretary of the Slate Board of Education 
of Tennessee. He was Acting Post Surgeon at Nashville 
in February, 1S62, by General A. S. Johnston's request. 
In 1874 he was Professor of Materia Medica in the Tennes- 
see College of Pharmacy, and in 1876 Health Officer of 
Nashville. He was married, February 9th, 1S51, to S.irah 
McGavock, daughter of Jacob McGavock, of one of the old 
families of Nashville. 



lELD, CIIAUNCEY MITCHELL, M. D., of 
Bound Brook, New Jersey, was born in Brooklyn, 
New York, in 1850. The Field family is of 
English extraction, but has long been settled in 
New Jersey. Several of its membei-s served in 
the Continental army during the revolutionary 
war, while in later years, in civil life, the name has been no 
less distinguished. The Hon. David Dudley Field, a 
recognized leader of the New York bar, and the Rev. M. S. 
Field, D. D., the able editor of the Evangelist, may be 
mentioned, as typical representatives at the present day. 
Dr. Field's father, R. R. Field, Esq., was the founder of the 
house of Field Brothers, extensive cloth dealers of St. 
Louis; subsequently changing his residence to Brooklyn. 
Here, as already stated, Dr. Field was born. Entering, 
when a lad, the Lawrenceville Classical and Commercial 
High School, he was gi-aduated thence with first honors; 
and from the College of New Jersey, Princeton, he was 
graduated with similar distinction in 1871. Immediately 
upon taking his B. A. degree, he began the study of medi- 
cine under Dr. Markoe, of New York, subsequenlly entered 
the College of Physicians and Surgeons of New York, and 
was graduated thence M. D. in 1874. For some six months 
after his graduation he continued his professional studies in 
the New York hospitals, and then established himself in 
Bound Brook, taking the practice of the well-known Dr. 
Smith, of that town. Although so recently entered upon 
his professional career, he has already acquired something 
more than a local reputation, his skilful treatment of disease, 
joined to his success in a number of difficult surgical opera- 
tions, having given him a distinctive and honorable stand- 
ing among medical men. 



AN HORN, REV. WILLIAM, Pastor of Ihe 
Church of Scotch Plains, New Jersey, Chaplain 
in Ihe Revolutionary Army, was born in New 
Jersey in 1746, and w.as the son of Peter \'an 
Horn. He was educated at Dr. Jones' academy, 
in Peiinepek, New Jersey, and was ordained at 
Southampton, Pennsylvania, where he continued for a period 
of tliirteen years, laboring zealously in all times and seasons 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 



46s 



anrl serving for several years as chaplain in the army during 
the war. In 1785 he became the pastor of the church of 
Scotch Plains, remaining in this relation until 1807, when 
he resigned, and removed with his wife and seven children 
to the West, designing to settle near Lebanon, Ohio. He 
<lied of dropsy, en route, at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Octo- 
ber 31st, 1807. 



"A 



S.e. 



LARK, REV. JOSEPH, Clergyman, Lite of New 
Brunswick, was born in Elizabethtown, New 
Jersey, October 21st, 1751. He early felt the 
power of religion, and was admitted to the com- 
(sT'd munion by that distinguished Christian and 
patriot, Rev. James Caldwell. At the age of sev- 
enteen he was apprenticed to learn the trade of a carpenter, 
and had great difficulties to contend with in obtaining tlie 
elements of learning. After working all day at his trade, 
he studied the Latin grammar at night by the light of a 
pine-knot; and thus, by indefatigable diligence, made him- 
self acquainted with the classics. In two years after com- 
mencing this course he presented himself as a candidate for 
admission to Princeton College, and after a creditable ex- 
amination was received into the junior class. The war soon 
afterward broke up the tenor and systematic regularity of 
the instructions at this institution, and he joined the army, 
and with his patriot comrades in arms served valiantly and 
efficiently for several years. While thus engaged in a military 
capacity, he received flattering testimonials from several 
distinguished militaiy characters for his fidelity and ability 
in the discharge of various important trusts. After many in- 
terruptions he eventually returned to college and the prnse- 
ciition of his studies, and in 1 78 1 obtained his bachelor's 
degree. He then,applied himself to the study of theology, 
and at the expiration of two yeare was duly licensed to 
preach the gospel. October 21st, 17S3, he look charge of 
the congregation at AUentown, whence he was translated in 
1797 to New Brunswick. " The Rev. John Woodhull, of 
Freehold, having been called, and having declined the ciU, 
an invitation was given in 1796 to the Rev. Joseph Clark, 
pastor of the united churches of AUentown and Notting- 
ham. His people made a vigorous opposition, but they 
were finally overruled by the Presbytery ; and Mr. Clark 
was installed January 4th, 1797, with a salary of ;f250. 
President S. Stanhope Smith preached the sermon, 2 Timo- 
thy i. 13, and also presided, and gave the charge." lie con- 
tinued in this connection for sixteen years, until his decease. 
He was " a solid, serious, and impressive preacher ; " was 
capable of moving the feelings in a notable degree ; and 
"wept freely himself ; while the tears of his auditors attested 
the power which he exercised over them. He blended 
great dignity with aff'.ibility. Few ministers have enjoyed 
to a greater degree the confidence and affection of their 
people. As a proof of their esteem, in 1805 they raised his 
salary from $666.66, on his request, to SSoo." He was 
59 



highly esteemed by his brethren in the ministry, and his 
counsel and judgment were greatly prized in the ecclesias- 
tical courts. He was for many years a Trustee of the Col- 
lege of New Jersey, and a Director of the Theological 
Seminaiy ; and was also one of the Jiiost successful agents 
in collecting funds for rebuilding N.assau Hall after its de- 
struction by fire. The only production of his'pen that was 
given to the world is a " Sermon on the Death of Governor 
Paterson;" who, after an exemplary and useful life, died 
peacefully, September 9th, 1S06. That discourse was so 
eloquent and acceptable that the trustees ordered the print- 
ing of five hundred copies. " It w.as written in a clear, 
manly style; first defining the char.icter of a Christi.in 
statesman, and then applying the description to the deceased. 
The closing part of the discourse was a masterly appeal to 
the conscience and feelings of the dilTcrent classes of 
hearers addressed. The number of communicants at his 
decease was one hundred and twenty-seven, nearly double 
what it h.id been at his accession. He died in New Bruns- 
wick, New Jersey, October 20th, 1813." The Sund.iy 
before his death, he preached from the text : " The time is 
short," I Corinthians vii. 29. On Tuesday night he retired 
to bed in his usual health, and suddenly expired about three 
o'clock the next morning. A handsome monument to his 
memory was erected by private subscriptions, and two quar- 
ters' salary were voted to his widow, subject to the deduction 
of $36 for supplies. 



TUDDIFORD, REV. PETER OGILVIE, D. D., 
Pastor of the Presbyterian Church of Lambert- 
ville, son of Rev. Peter Studdiford and Phrebe 
(Vanderveer) Studdiford, was born at Readington, 
New Jersey, January nth, 1799. "His child- 
hood was marked by his dutiful conduct to his 
parents, his unexceptionable deportment generally, his unu- 
sual tenderness of conscience, and deep thoughtfulness on the 
subject of personal religion. Having been devoted to God 
in covenant by baptism in his infancy, and having received 
a faithful religious training under the parental roof, he early 
consecrated himself to the service of Christ, and became a 
communicant in the church at Readington, of which his 
father was then the pastor." He pursued his classical 
studies in part at the academy in B.isking Ridge, in the care of 
Rev. Robert Finley, D. D., and in part at Somerville, under 
the tuition of Cullen Morris. Having completed his prep- 
aration, he entered Queens (now Rutgers) College, at 
New Brunswick, and in the summer of 1S16, when but 
seventeen years of age, graduated at that institution with the 
highest honors of his class. After leaving college, he was 
occupied for about three years in leaching, first in Bedmin- 
ster, subse<|uently in Somerville, " and with great accept- 
ance, although many of his pupils were older than himself" 
July 8th, 1819, he entered the Theological Seminary of the 
Presbyterian Church, at Princeton, where he remained prose- 



466 



UIOGRAPIIICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 



ciiling liis stiiflies for the ministry until September 29th, 
1S21. On the 27th of April in the same year, at a meeting 
of the Presbytery of New Brunswick in Trenton, he was 
licensed to preach the gospel, together with nine of his fel- 
low-students, only one of whom was surviving in 1S67. 
During the spring vacation he preached in the emjiloy of the 
(ieneral Assembly's Board of Missions about Bristol and 
Tullytown, Pennsylvania. On Wednesday, November 28th, 
1S21, in the Presbyterian Church at Trenton, he was or- 
dained as an evangelist by the Presbytery of New Bruns- 
wiclc, at the same time with Rev. Charles Modge, D. D., 
and the Kite Rev. William I. Armstrong, D. D. ; and on the 
following Sabbath, December 2d, commencetl his labors at 
Lambertville, having agreed to supply that churcli, and the 
one at Solebury, Pennsylvania, alternately, for one year. In 
September, 1S22, upon the application of seven persons, the 
church of Lambertville and Georgetown w.is organized by 
Rev. Dr. Hodge, under the direction of the Presbytery of 
New Brunswick ; and Emley Holcombe and Jonathan 
Pidcockwere chosen ruling elders. "On the fly-leaf of the 
session-book, in the handwriting of Dr. Studdiford, penned 
at the time of the first meeting of the session, is the motto: 
'Who hath despised the day of small things?' IIow sig- 
nificant in view of subsequent changes and residts since 
leached ! " In June, 1S25, he was formally installed pastor 
of the churches of Lambertville and Solebury, public ser- 
vices being held in the morning at Solebury, and in the 
afternoon at Lambertville. Some time in the course of this 
year he opened a classical school in his own house ; and 
from that date to the commencement of his last sickness, for 
forty-one years, continued engaged in the instruction of 
youth; sever.al of whom, including two of his own sons, 
have entered the Clnistian ministry, while others are occu- 
pying .stations of usefulness and honor. As a testimonial of 
the estimate in which he was held as a schol.ar, in 1 82 1 the 
trustees of the College of New Jersey conferred upon him 
the honorary degree of Master of Arts; and in 1S44. that 
of Doctor in Divinity, " It is due to him and to this church 
(Lambertville, New Jersey) to slate that on several occa- 
sions he had been called to the pastorate of other churches 
with promising expectations; in the year 1S26 to the Re- 
formed Protestant Dutch Church of Readington, as succes- 
sor to his father, then recently deceased ; in 183710 the 
church of Scraalenburg, also to the church in Bedminster, 
where he had been engaged in teaching for a season, and to 
the church of Lodi in New York, besides having received 
fl.ittering overtures from several other churches. But all 
these invitations he declined, because both his deliberate 
judgment and the feelings of his heart prompted him to 
abide with this people, and carry forward the work which 
he had commenced with such a small beginning. I need 
not say what this church owes to him, grown as it has from 
seven communicants to about three hundred, or how much 
this town (in whose prosperity he felt a lively interest) is in- 
debted to him, having increased during his residence from a 



population of some one hundred and fifty persons, dwelling 
in scattered houses, to an incorporated borough of three 

thousand inhabitants lie was indeed the patriarch 

of this community, and one of the greatest blessings God 
could have bestowed uixm it. For the fir-it four years this 
was truly missionary ground, only twenty-five additions hav- 
ing been made to the church in that lime, and fifteen of these 
by certificate ; but he, without ambitious aspirations, humbly 
and [jatiently persevered through all the discouragements of 
his position, and has founded a church which will, we trust, 
by God's favor, live to lie a lasting blessing." — " Funeral 
Sermon," of Rev. George Hale, D. D. During a ministry 
of great length and eminent usefulness he was an untiring 
worker, and zealous in good counselling and tender deeds ; 
his labors were abundant in extra preaching services at home 
and abroad, in systematic pastoral visitations, in calls upon 
the sick, in ministering comfort to the atHicted, in advising 
the anxious inquirer, in rejoicing with his people in their 
joys, and sharing in their sorrows. He solemnized five 
hundred and ninety marriages, and officiated at more than 
twice that number of funerals. In the church at Solebury 
he baptized seventy-one adults and eighty-three infants; in 
the church at Lambertville two hundred and sixty adults, 
and two hundred and twenty-four infants, making, in both 
churches, a total of six hundred and thirty-eight baptisms. 
While in charge of the Solebury church — for twenty-six 
years, until 1848, when the pastoral rel.ation was dissolved 
owing to the increased demand at Lambertville for all his 
services — one hundred and fifty-four persons were received 
into the communion of the church on profession of their 
faith, and fifteen by certificate. At Lambertville five hun- 
tlred and seventy have been received on profession, and two 
hundred and ninety-two by certificate from other churches. 
As the result of his labors, nine hundred and thirty-one 
communicants have been taken under his pastoral care, of 
whom seven hundred and twenty-four were admitted on 
profession of their faith, making an average of a little more 
than sixteen persons each year received on confession. 
During his pastorate, also, " there were not less than eight 
precious seasons of the outpouring of the Holy Spirit," — in 
'833-34, 1S37-38, 1841-42, 1S45-46, 1854, 1856, and 1S63. 
The largest ingatherings were probably in the winter of 
1841-42, and 1845-46. " If to this part of his work were 
added his frequent services in other congregations and among 
the destitute, services always willingly rendered, and all the 
precious fruits brought together, it would be manifest ihat few 
ministers have wrought more earnestly, or have been more 
richly blessed." He was a diligent student through his life 
from childhood ; his reading was varied and extensive, and 
few could " eviscerate " a book with equal rapidity and 
thoroughness. He was also a sound and able theologian ; 
an independent thinker, investigating for himself the great 
questions that claimed his attention; and a judicious, dis- 
criminating and most instructive preacher. He seized with 
eagerness l-\ cry book coming from the press which promised 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.-EDIA. 



467 



to throw light on the word of God— his constant study in 
the original Hebrew and Greek. " He was mighty in the 
Scriptures, and sought to make his people so ; and the fruit 
of his efforts has been seen in the interesting and profitable 
Bible-classes which characterized his ministry." In his 
"Diary," at the date, February 1 ilh, 1822, is found this 
record : " I must cultivate more intercourse with my people. 
Besides writing one sermon weekly, Theology, Church 
History, the German, French, Greek and Hebrew lan- 
guages claim my attention." One of his last public exer- 
cises was the giving of the charge to his son, Rev. Samuel 
Studdiford, at his instalment as pastor of the Trenton Third 
Church ; and his last sermon was preached at the funeral of 
" his venerable and life-long friend. Rev. Jacob Kirkpalrick, 
D. I)., of Ringoes. Urged by his people (who made 
liberal provision for his journey) to take some rest he 
repaired to Baltimore, and there gathered his family and 
kindred around him for the last time." His final exclama- 
tion was: " Into thy hands I commit my spirit." lie then 
engaged in prayer, but his speech was too feeble and broken 
to be understood ; and waving his hand, as if to request the 
family to leave his bedside — " evidently desiring to be alone 
with God " — he went to the eternal home. Thus closed a 
life of sixty-seven years, a ministry of forty-five years, a 
fruitful pastorate of forty-four and a half years, on Tues- 
day, June 5th, 1S66. 

^^ 

*[YLE, JOHN, Silk Manufacturer, of Paterson, New 

Jersey, was born in Macclesfield, England, noted 
for its silk fabrics, in the manufacture of which 
his brothers, Reuben and William, have for many 
years borne a leading part, supplying the London 
and Manchester markets. He emigrated to this 
country in 1839, and being already an expert in his business, 
engaged the following year in the manufacture of silk at 
Paterson. His products at first were limited to the ordinary 
varieties of sewing and floss silks, but in 1843 he attempted 
weaving, succeeding perfectly in producing marketable 
articles, though not, unfortunately, at a profitable cost, for 
which reason he gave up the attempt. Among his products 
of that period was the beautiful flag, which waved over the 
Crystal Palace at the great exhibition in New York in 1852. 
In i860 he renewed the attempt, but in consequence of the 
civil war and the lack of encouragement from the govern- 
ment, he was again constrained to abandon it. His ill 
fortune in weaving, however, was compensated by his suc- 
cess with his sewing silks, which during this period attained 
a high reimtation, and have since been regarded everywhere 
as equal in quality to the imported. Some day, no doubt, 
when the conditions of the manufacture are inqiroved, he will 
again renew the work of weaving, twice relinquiahed, and 
cany it through successfully, since he is a man of commer- 
cial nerve, and not likely in the line of his business to yield 
to any difliculty not absolutely insuperable. Meanwhile, the 



department in which he first set out gives fair scope to his 
energies and skill. The business in his hands has grown to 
immense proportions, the mechanical provisions for it hav- 
ing of course kept pace with it. On May loth, 1869, the 
Murray Mill, as the factory was then called, was destroyed 
by fire, entailing a loss of $550,000, against which there 
was no insurance. In order to more readily recover from 
the effects of this misfortune, Mr. Ryle caused to be char- 
tered and organized the Ryle Silk Manufacturing Company, 
and the mill was rebuilt and fitted with the newest and best 
appliances. In this manufactory all the processes are per- 
formed, including dyeing and finishing, as to the former of 
which he has been particularly successful, as he hai been 
particularly solicitous, the dyeing department being under 
the superintendence of a Macclesfield dyer of long experi- 
ence. Macclesfield, indeed, as his native place, as still the 
home of his brothers, and as a great centre of the silk man- 
ufacture, in which his brothers are themselves leaders, is a 
storehouse to which he is probably indebted fur much, 
besides skilled workmen, that has profited him in his bold 
venture here, serving as a rich subsoil of knowledge and 
methods, so to speak, into which his enterprise might strike 
its roots and draw up nourishment. However, the part of 
this subsoil that has chiefly nourished him is doubtless the 
part he brought over with him when he transplanted him- 
self into this country, where his flourishing growth must be 
set down to the vigor and vitality of the plant as much as to 
all other things put together. Be this as it may, the fact of 
his distinguished success is patent. And richly does he 
deserve it, personally as well as commercially. After doing 
business in connection with the company organization for 
about three years, Mr. Ryle, who had in that time become 
the owner of nearly all its stock, retired from business in 
March, 1872. During the after part of that year, however, 
he sustained such serious losses that he was compelled to 
resume business. At the present time he has employed in 
the extensive works, which are built upon the site of the 
mill burned in 1869 and on a large tract of adjoining prop- 
erty, about four hundred operatives, whose average annual 
wages, even at the present low rate, is over $150,000. His 
efibrts in the present manufacturing enterprise are aided 
and seconded by the well-known firm of Leister & Sum- 
merhoff, of New York city, who are the sole consignees of 
the silks produced at the establishment, and whose facilities 
for selling, combined with the facilities possessed by Mr. 
Ryle for producing every variety of goods in the silk mar- 
ket, constitute one of the ablest organizations in the countiy. 
Mr. Ryle has been a benefactor to Paterson, not only in 
establishing a new branch of manufactures of great im- 
portance, but in promoting civic ini]irovements tending to 
increase the attractions of the city as a place of residence. 
The waterworks, which furnish the city with an abundant 
supply of pure water, were erected mainly through his ex- 
ertions and means ; and the grounds around the " cottage on 
the cliff" and the Falls, that afford a delightful breathing 



4;6S 



EIOGRAPIIICAL EXCYCLOr.EDIA. 



place to the citizens, especially the operatives in the factories, 
were adorned by him and thrown open freely to the public. 
He is not more shrewd and able than he is generous and 
public-spirited. 



COTT, LIEUTENANT-GENERAL WIN- 
FIELD, United Stales Army, late of Elizabeth, 
New Jersey, was born in Petersburg, Virginia, 
June Ijlh, 17S6, of parentage of Scotch descent. 
He was left an orphan in early boyhood ; was 
educated at William and Mary College, whence 
he graduated in 1804; subsequently studied law, and in 
1S06 was admitted to the bar. Afier a few years' practice 
of his profession he was appointed. May 3d, 180S, a Captain 
of the Light Artillery, and was stationed at Baton Rouge, 
Louisiana, in the division commanded by General Wilkin- 
son. At a later date certain remarks uttered by him, ex- 
pressive of an opinion of General Wilkinson's complicity 
■with Burr's conspiracy, were made the basis of a prosecu- 
tion, and led to his suspension from duty on the score of 
disrespect to his commanding o6Rcer. He then returned to 
Virginia, and turned to advantage his year's absence from 
his post by again devoting his time and attention to legal 
studies. In July, 1812, he was promoted to a Lieutenant- 
Colonelcy, and ordered to the Canada frontier. Upon ar- 
riving at Lewislon, while the affair of Queenstown Heights 
was in progress, he crossed the river, and entering instantly 
into action saw the field won under his direction ; it was 
eventually lost, however, and, owing to the refusal of the 
troops at Lewiston to cross to his assistance, he and his 
command fell into the hands of the enemy. *' The war of 
1812 had arisen, in part out of the claim of the British gov- 
ernment to the right of impressing seamen into her service; 
Great Britain acting on the maxim, 'Once a subject always 
a subject,' while the American government insisted upon 
the right of expatriation. The British officers attempted to 
enforce practically the doctrine of their government in the 
case of the prisoners taken at Queenstown, and were in the 
act of selecting the Irish and other foreign-bom citizens 
out of Colonel Scott's command, to send them to England 
to be tried for treason, when he ordered the men not to 
answer any question or make known the place of their na- 
tivity. He threatened the retaliation of his government, 
and upon being exchanged procured the passage of a law 
to that effect ; and he caused a number of British prisoners, 
equal to that of his own men who had been sent to Europe, 
to be set aside for the same fate that those should receive. 
The result was the safe return of his men to the United 
States after the close of the war." Shortly after the capture 
of York, Upper Canada, he joined the army under General 
Dearborn, as his Adjutant-General, with the rank of Colo- 
nel; and in the coml)ined naval and land attack on Fort 
George, May 27th, 1S13, was in command of the advance, 



in surf-boats. Upon landing, under a severe fire of mus- 
ketry, the line was formed on the beach, below an abrupt 
elevation of ten or twelve feet held by 1,500 of the enemy. 
He was repulsed at the first onslaught, but finally carried 
the position by a vigorous rally, and pushed on to Fort 
George, which was abandoned by the enemy after they had 
attached slow matches to the magazines. One of these 
exploding, he n-as thrown from his horse by a flying piece 
of timber, and severely injured. Two officers snatched 
away in time the matches from the other magazines, while 
he with his own hands tore the British fl.ig from its staff. 
In the autumn of 1813 he commanded in the advance of 
Wilkinson's descent of the St. Lawrence, in the operations 
directed against Montreal, ** but which was abandoned on 
wholly insufficient grounds, at a time when the place could 
have been easily captured and the campaign closed with 
honor." In the ppening of 1814 he was made a Brigadier- 
General, and established a camp of instruction at Buffalo, 
New York, where he introduced the French system of 
tactics, and put them in practice from April to July, " with 
such success that the three brigades and the battalion of 
artillery under him were as thoroughly instructed as is 
requisite for all the purposes of war." On the following 
July 13th his and Ripley's brigades, with Hindman's artil- 
lery, crossed the Niagara river, captured Fort Erie and a 
part of its garrison, and the next d.ay advanced upon Chip- 
pewa, skirmishing the entire distance to the point occupied 
by General Riall, and on the 5th succeeding in repulsing 
the enemy and driving them beyond the river. Twenty 
days later was fought the battle of Lundy's Lane, or Bridge- 
water, near Niagara Falls, in which he had two horses 
killed under him and was twice severely wounded ; his 
wound of the left shoulder, especially, was critical, and his 
recovery painful and slow, and when completed his arm 
was left partially disabled. Before operations were resumed 
on the Canada frontier the treaty of peace was concluded, 
and he then was offered, and declined, a seat in the Cabinet 
as Secretar)' of War, and was promoted to the i^ank of Major- 
General. After assisting in the reduction of the army lo a 
peace establishment, he visited Europe in a military and 
diplomatic capacity ; and, arriving in France shortly after 
the battle of Waterloo, enjoyed the great advantage of con- 
sultation and intercourse with many of the leading captains 
who had fought under Napoleon. After the peace of 1S15 
he made several needed contributions to American military 
literature; and his " General Regulations for the Army" 
supplied at the time a great desideratum, and contains much 
useful information for the garrison and field. The " Infantry 
Tactics," from the French, and published under a resolu- 
tion of Congress in 1835, "is the basis of that department 
of military knowledge in this countiy," He also aided 
materially in the preparation of other works of a similar 
kind, and wielded an able pen in various departments of 
literature. In the hostilities of 1832 against the Sacs and 
Foxes, which were terminated by the battle of Bad Axe, he 




:v „„:=i^j:c^ 



Z/t 



BIOGRArillCAL ENCVCLCP/EDIA. 



469 



was an aclive and prominent participant. On the passage 
of his troops to Chicago the cholera attaclicd them with 
great severity, and for the time utterly prostrated the com- 
mand ; and again, on his arrival at the Mississippi, he en- 
countered the same scourge in the army under General 
Atkinson. In the same year occurred the Nullification 
troubles in South Carolina, foreshadowing an unwelcome 
collision between the authorities of that State and of the 
United States. " Great prudence, tact, self-restraint and 
delicacy were called for on the part of the chief military 
man commanding at that crisis the forces of the general 
government in the harbor of Charleston. Boldness, de- 
cision, energy, so valuable in their effect at other times, 
might then have precipitated a result fatal to the peace of 
the country. The qualities actually required by the situa- 
tion were conspicuously displayed by Winfield Scott." 
During the war with the Seminoles in Florida, which 
began in 1835, he was present for a short time at the scene 
of action in the Indian territory, was then called to the 
Creek countr)', and from there was ordered before a court 
of inquiry to answer for the failure of the campaigns in the 
Creek country and in Florida. The finding of the couri 
was, without qualification, in his favor. During the time 
of the Cherokee troubles, in 1838 — which arose from the 
policy adopted by the United States government, and the 
nature of the attitude necessarily assumed — his personal and 
official influence was ably and considerately exerted to in- 
duce the incensed Indians to submit to the dictates of their 
masters, abandon their grounds in Georgia and remove to 
the banks of the Arkansas. At thp time of the Canadian 
rebellion, which developed into the " Patriot War of 1837," 
he was called upon to prevent the outbreak of a fresh con- 
flict that would have been a violation of treaties, and in 
defiance of international law, between Great Britain and the 
United States ; and eventually accomplished his difficult 
mission in a most efficient and honorable manner. In the 
spring of 1839, while actual hostilities were impending be- 
tween the State of Maine and the Province of New Bruns- 
wick, owing to a bitter dispute about their respective boun- 
dary lines, he arrived at Portland, Maine, in the character 
of a pacificator, and at once reopened communications with 
Major-General Sir John Harvey, the Lieutenant-Governor, 
■who, through his earnest efforts, assisted him in smoothing 
the way to a reconciliation with Governor Fairfield, and in 
establishing a temporary convention between the Slate and 
the province. The whole question and matter of dispute 
were then referred to Washington, where the difficulty was 
finally settled by the treaty arranged in 1842 between Web- 
ster and Ashburton. He had in the meantime, by the de.-ith 
of General Macomb, become Commander-in-Chief of the 
Army of the United States. After the capture of Monterey, 
September, 1846, he was assigned to the chief command 
of the army in Mexico, and decided to direct an army upon 
the capital of the republic, with Vera Cruz as the base line. 
March 9th, 1847, his 12,000 men landed safely at their 



destination, and at once the cily was invested from shore 
to shore. The mortar battery opened on the 22d, and the 
siege pieces on the 24lh, and after receiving nearly 7,000 
missiles, fired day and night, the city and the castle of San 
Juan d'UUoa capitulated on the 26th, and on the 29th the 
garrison of 5,000 men marched out of the city and grounded 
their arms. April 8th the march toward Jalapa was begun, 
and on the 17th the army was in front and on the flank of 
the mountain position of Cerro Gordo, while Santa Anna, 
with an army of double the numeri<;al strength of the 
Americans, occupied the fortifications. His order, on that 
occasion, begins : "The enemy's whole line of intrench- 
ments and batteries will be attacked in front, and at the 
same time turned, early in the day, to-morrow, prob.ably 
before ten o'clock A. M."; and "the or^ler that directed 
what was to be done, became, after it was done, the narra- 
tive of the performance." The enemy was driven from 
every point of his line, and, following in pursuit, the 
American army captured Jalapa April 19th, Perote on the 
22d, and Puebia May 15th, where it remained, drilling and 
awaiting reinforcements, till August 7th. Pie had always 
opposed the policy of occupying an armed frontier line, 
either the Rio Grande or the Sierra Madre, and had desig- 
nated the base line of Vera Cruz, and the line of operations 
from that place to the city of Mexico. For the preparatory 
measure of the campaign, whatever its plan should be, he, 
as the commanding General of the army at Washington, 
had proposed to the administration that the new troops 
should be assembled at convenient and healthful points 
within the United States, there to be organized and dis- 
ciplined, and suggested that the new line could not be 
placed upon the Rio Grande earlier than .September. The 
proposal, however, met with ridicule and rejection, but 
time vindicated it with exactness, and brought its convinc- 
ing testimony of bitter experience to honor his slighted 
wisdom. " The army was delayed at Puebia to do there 
what should have been done at home beforch.and ; the sick- 
ness and losses upon both T.aylor's and Scott's lines were 
excessively increased by the unfitted state of the new troops 
for the field ; and Santa Anna had time to create a new 
army, and to fortify the capital." Up to the time of his 
arrival in Mexico there was no law to punish offences com- 
mitted by Americans upon Mexicans, and by Mexicans 
upon Americans. Congress had adjourned without pro- 
viding for the difficulty, the most flagrant crimes passed by 
unpunished, and terrible barbarities were continually oc- 
curring. The discipline of the army also was in peril, and 
daily its morale was being undermined by the state of 
anarchy in which it existed. To meet and correct this 
state of affairs he issued, at Tainpico, in February, his 
" General Order, No. 20," which specified the classes of 
crimes and offences hitherto unprovided for, deduced a 
code of laws from the articles of war and the general crim- 
inal jurisprudence of the United States, and established 
tribunals under the name of military commissions. August 



470 



BIOGRAnilCAL ENCYCLOP.^iDIA. 



7lh-loth the divisions were set in motion from Puebla 
along the national road, the whole force numbering 10,740 
men, the advance of the army coming in view of Mexico at 
the latter date. The road from Puebla was defended by 
the fortified mound EI Penon, which, it was decided, could 
not be attacked with any desirable degree of success ; while 
for reasons deemed sufficient the route by Mexicalcingo 
also was declined. He then ordered an examination 
through General Worth, to ascertain whether a possibly 
practicable route could be found or made around lakes 
Chalso and Xachimilco. A way being found, a detour was 
made around the lakes to the southern avenue of the city, 
the Acapulco road ; and the last division of the army with- 
drew from before El Peiion on the 1 6th, up to which time 
it was supposed that the initial action would take place at 
the mound. " The detour was a stroke of strategy which 
had long been premeditated as a likelihood by the general, 
and as such imparted to his staff." After the capture of 
Contjeras and Cherubusco, August 20lh, the capital lay at 
the mercy of the invaders, but it was deemed advisable to 
afford an opportunity for negotiations, through the peace 
commissioner, Mr. Trist, who was present for that purpose. 
On the 2rst a truce was asked by Santa Anna, an armistice 
entered into, and negotiations carried on, which were con- 
tinued until September 7th, when another series of opera- 
tions was begun on the southwest avenue, the Toluca road. 
On the morning of September 14th, after the most gallant 
and heroic exertions on the part of the American officers 
and soldiers, and valiant and stubborn resistance in many 
cases on the part of the enemy, the army passed into the 
conquered city, Quitman's division leading into the Grand 
Plaza and running up the United States flag on the national 
palace. At nine A. M. he also rode into the square amid 
the wildest enthusiasm. " Mexico was humiliated and cast 
down. Her 32,000 soldiers had disappeared, and her lines 
of fortifications were silent and abandoned." There was 
afterward some street-fi;^hting, and firing upon the troops 
from the buildings, on the part of disbanded soldiers, re- 
leased criminals and the street beggars; but these futile 
reprisals were suppressed completely before nightfall. 
Order was then established, and a contribution levied on 
the city of $150,000 for the army, two-thirds of which sum 
he remitted to the United States as a fund for the creation 
and erection of military asylums. Taxes to raise revenue 
for the support of the troops were laid, the sphere of the 
military commission was extended and defined, and a civil 
organization created under the protection of the troops, who 
were spread over various parts of the country to give it an 
order and security which it had long ceased to enjoy ; " all 
which made the presence of the American army in Mexico 
not the scourge that invading and victorious forces gen- 
erally are, but acceptable and a blessing to the people of the 
country, whose best citizens saw its withdrawal approaching 
with regret." The treaty of Guadalcnipe- Hidalgo, negoti- 
ated by Mr. Trist, was signed March 2d, 184S, and Mexico 



was soon after evacuated by the American armies. The 
general, in May of the same year, returned to Elizabeth- 
town, New Jersey, which had been his home for some 
years. Subsequently a court of inquiry was called, " but 
the result only redounded to the fame of General Scott." 
In 1852 he was the unsuccessful nominee of the Whig party 
for the Presidency, receiving 1,386,580 votes, to 1,601,274 
for the Democratic candidate. General Pierce. In 1855 the 
brevet rank of Lieutenanl-General was revived, in order 
that it might be conferred upon him, and was expressly so 
framed that it should not survive him. In 1859, serious 
differences as to the boundary line of the United States and 
British America through the straits of Fuca having arisen, 
and a disputed military possession occurring, he was ordered 
to that locality, where he succeeded in establishing a satis- 
factory state of affairs, and settling the difficulty. During 
the war of the rebellion he was a staunch and zealous up- 
holder of the Union, and during the latter portion of Bu- 
chanan's term " urged the wisest precautions to prevent the 
armed withdrawal of the eleven seceded States from the 
Union." He secured the safe inauguration of President 
Lincoln, the defence of the national capital, the organiza- 
tion of the Union army, and its establishment upon the 
strategetic points of the country. "At his advanced age he 
has exerted an astonishing energy in the efforts to hold to- 
gether the interests, the affections, and the doctrines of the 
republic." November 1st, 1S61, he retired from active 
service, retaining, by a special provision in the act of Con- 
gress, passed at its extra session in the summer of 1861, his 
full pay and allowances, and, November 9th of the same 
year, sailed from New York for Europe, expecting to build 
up anew there his waning health. His later days he de- 
voted to the preparation of his "Autobiography," two vol- 
umes, 8vo., published in 1S64. He died at West Point, 
New York, May 29th, 1S66. 



^OISNOT, JAMES M., M. D., was born, July 20th, 
1836, in Somerset county. New Jersey. He 
was educated at Trenton, New Jersey, and at 
Carlisle Seminary, in Schoharie county. New 
York, and studied medicine at the University 
of Pennsylvania, from which he graduated in 
858. He settled in Philadelphia, where he 
became a lecturer on Anatomy and Operative Surgery. 
Among his notable cases is the successful reduction by 
manipulation of a double dislocation of the hip-joint, fol- 
lowed by a perfect recovery. This case he made the subject 
of a paper in the American yoiirnal of the Medical Sciences. 
He is a member of the Northern Medical Society and of 
the Philadelphia County Medical Society. He has been a 
frequent and valued contributor to the medical journals of 
the day. In the civil war he was Surgeon of the 98th 
Pennsylvania Volunteers. 



/ 



J" ^^ '^ 

yi||f||HARTO\, CHARLES IIEXRV, D. D., Clcrgj'- 
lllkl nian, Scholar, Poet, Author, etc., was born in 
St. Mary's county, in Maryland, on the 25th of 
May, O. S., 1748. His ancestors were Roman 
Catholics, and the family plantation, called Notley 
Hall, from a governor of that n.ime, was pre- 
sented to his grandfather by Lord Baltimore. From him it 
descended to the father, Jesse Wharton, and at his death 
in 1754 became the property of Charles Henrj', his eldest 
son. When not quite seven years old he was attacked by 
a furious dog, which had already torn off part of his scalp, 
when his father, with signal presence of mind and prompti- 
tude of action, seizing a loaded gun from behind the door, 
shot the dog while the child's head was still in its jaws. 
In 1760 he was sent to the English Jesuits' College at .St. 
Omer's. At the close of two yeai-s the college was broken 
up by the expulsion of the Jesuits from France. The teach- 
ers and schol.ars retired to Bruges, in Flanders. "Seques- 
tered from all society," he writes, "beyond the walls of the 
college, and of course a total stranger to eveiTthing incon- 
sistent with the strictest discipline, in acquiring classical 
attainments, and those habits of devotion which were 
deemed essenti.al to a Roman Catholic youth, I applied myself 
very diligently to my .studies, and became prominent among 
my associates, in a very accurate knowledge of the Latin 
language, which became nearly as familiar as English, as 
we were obliged to converse in it during our ordinary re- 
laxations from our studies." His Letters of Orders bear 
date in 1772, having been admitted in June of that year to 
the Order of Deacons, and in September to that of Priests, 
in the Roman Catholic Church. At the end of the w.ir of 
the American Revolution, he was residing in Worcester, 
England, as Chaplain to the Roman Catholics of that city, 
deeply interested on the side of his country, and anxious to 
return. He employed his pen at this time in a poetical 
epistle to General Washington, with a sketch of his life, 
which was published in England for the benefit of Ameri- 
can prisoners there. His mind was at this period much agi- 
tated on the subject of his religious creed. He returned to 
this country in 17S3, in the first vessel which sailed after 
the peace. In May, 1784, he visited Philadelphia for the 
purpose of publishing his celebrated Letter to the Roman 
Catholics of Worcester. "This production," says Bishop 
White, " was perused by me with great pleasure in manu- 
script. The result was my entire conviction that the sound- 
ness of his arguments for the change of his religious pro- 
fession was fully equalled by the sincerity and disinterest- 
edness which accompanied the transaction." On the death 
of his father he was the legitimate heir to the paternal 
estate. Upon taking orders he immediately conveyed it 
to his brother. After the controversy had taken place with 
Archbishop Carroll, occasioned by the Letter to the Roman 
Catholics of the city of Worcester, it appeared that the con- 
veyance was not complete. A meeting took place in the 
most amicable manner, the paper was executed, and an es- I 



LIOGRArillCAL EN'CVCLOP.EDIA. 



471 



tate of great value — the whole patrimony of the conveyer- 
given the second time to a younger brother. For the first 
year after his return to America, Mr. Wharton resided .it 
the paternal mansion, on leaving which, in July, 1 784, the 
principal residents of the vicinage presented him, unasked 
and unsolicited, with a most honorable testimonial of his 
worth as a gentlem.an, a scholar, a Christian, and a Chris- 
tian minister. It is a document of singidar excellence in 
sentiment, spirit, and expression, and does high honor to 
them who freely gave as well as to him who worthily re- 
ceived it. While Rector of Immanuel Church, New Cas- 
tle, Delaware, he was an influential member of the General 
Convention held in Philadelphia in 1785. On the 28th of 
September, in that year, he was on the committee "to pre- 
pare and report a draft of an Ecclesiastical Constitution for 
the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States." 
On the 5th of October he was on the committee " to prepare a 
Form of Prayer and Thanksgiving for the Fourth of July," 
and also on a committee "to publish the Book of Common 
Prayer with the alterations, in order to render the Liturgy 
consistent with the American Revolution and the Constitu- 
tions of the respective States." On the 2 1st of July, I "86, 
he was elected a member of the American Philosophical 
Society. Between this date and 1792 he was connected 
with the Swedish Church at Wilmington, Delaware, from 
which time until 1798 he resided on his estate at Prospect 
Hill, in the neighborhood of that town, in feeble health. 
On the 20th of August, 1796, the vestry of St. Mary's 
Church, Burlington, New Jersey, made proposals to him 
with reference to the rectorship soon to be vacant, and on 
the 5th of September following unanimously elected him 
Rector. It was not, however, until March 15th, 1 798, that 
he arrived at Burlington with his family. In less than 
three months his wife, who had been long an invalid, died 
at Philadelphia, and was buried in St. Peter's burial-ground. 
This was the occasion which evoked from his pen that most 
touching and melancholy production, evincing vei-y high 
poetic talent, called " An Elegy to the Memory of Mrs. Mai-y 
Wharton, by her Husband." In October, 1801, he was 
unanimously elected President of Columbia College, New 
York, which he accepted so far as to preside at the com- 
mencement ; but his vestiy at Burlington consenting to his 
conditions of remaining with them, he declined the presi- 
dency of the college. In 1S03 he was powerfully urged to 
become Principal of the College at Beaufort, South Carolina, 
and Rector of the parish there, but declined. He was at this 
time, and so continued to be until the day of his death, the 
most scholarly and influential clergyman in the Diocese of 
New Jersey. He was President of the Standing Committee, 
and Senior Deputy to the General Convention. Under his 
ministiy in iSlI, the church building at Burlington was re- 
arranged internally, and a semi-circular chancel extension 
made on the east end. At the annual convention of the 
diocese, August 30lh, 1815, he preached the opening ser- 
mon, and, by resolution, received the thanks of the conven- 



472 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENXYCLOP.EDIA. 



tion for the same. It was at this convention, when the 
Rev. John Croes, D. U., was chosen Bishop of New Jersey, 
tliat the Rev. Dr. Wharton was the only other person who 
received any ballots for that office. Dr. Croes, only two 
months previous, had been elected to the Episcopate of 
Connecticut, and it was while the committee from that dio- 
cese was in correspondence with their bishop-elect in re- 
gard to his support, consecration and removal, that the 
convention of New Jersey met and elected him — an exhi- 
bition of human nature of which it is not the only instance 
in electoral bodies. At the convention held May 28th, 
1S28, Dr. Wharton offered two resolutions which showed 
him to be fully abreast, if not ahead of the times. The first 
was ** recommending all congregations in the diocese to re- 
peat distinctly all the responses and prayers as the rubric 
directs," and the second was " highly approving the objects 
and designs of the Domestic and Foreign Missionary So- 
ciety," and " recommending it to the attention and patron- 
age " of the diocese, both of which were unanimously 
adopted. " It was not my good fortune," writes Bishop 
George W. Doane, " to know Dr. Wharton until within a 
short time previous to his death. I had indeed known him 
by reputation as a pillar and ornament of the church, adorn- 
ing with his life the doctrines which with his voice h^. pro- 
claimed, and with his pen so ably advocated. I knew him 
as among the fii-st in scholarship of the clergy of America, 
a sound and thoroughly accomplished divine, a practised 
and successful controversialist, a faithful parish priest, a 
patriarch of the diocese in w"hich he lived." ** He fell 
sweetly asleep, even as an infant sinks to rest upon its 
mother's bosom, on Tuesday morning, July 23d, 1S33, hav- 
ing entered nearly two months upon his eighty-sixth year, 
and having been for more than sixty-one years a minister 
of Christ — the senior Presbyter, if I mistake not, of the 
American Protestant Episcopal Church." Dr. Wharton 
was twice married — the second time to Anne, daughter of 
Chief Justice Kinsey, who survived him. He had no chil- 
dren. 



JIlEGLER, GEORGE JACOB, M. D., was born, 
March 6th, 1S21, at Long-acoming (now Ber- 
lin), Gloucester county, New Jersey. He is the 
third child of George E. and Elizabeth Ziegler, 
who, when he was still a youth, removed to Philadelphia. 
He acquired his general education in the public schools of 
Philadelphia, supplemented by private tuition and self-cul- 
ture. His medical studies were begun under Dr. George 
^V. Patterson, and completed at the University of Pennsyl- 
vania, from which he graduated in 1 850, his thesis on the 
occasion being recommended for publication. He settled 
in Philadelphia, where he has ever since resided. His 
specialty is nervous, pulmonary and chronic diseases, his 



practice dealing more particularly with these diseases in 
women and children. He is a member of the Philadelphia 
County Medical Society ; of the American Medical Associ- 
ation ; of the Academy of the Natural Sciences of Philadel- 
phia, etc., etc. The literary promise he gave in his gradu- 
ating thesis has been fulfilled by the performances of his 
riper years, his medical writings being both numerous and 
valuable, and presenting the fruits of original investigation 
as well as the flowers of speech. They embrace publica- 
tions on '* Zooadynamia," ** Researches on Nitrous Oxide," 
" Human Rights as Exemplified in the Natural Laws of 
Marriage," *' Legitimacy," and •• Life." He is also the 
author of papers on " Tubercolosis," " Reproduction," 
" Reparation of Bone," and many other subjects. He was 
for years an editor of the Dental Cosmos, and later editor 
and publisher of the Medical Cosmos. He was Accoucheur 
and subsequently Physician to the Philadelphia Hospital, 
but was obliged to resign on account of ill health, his deli- 
cate constitution having in fact greatly restricted his profes- 
sional activity in general. The wonder is that with his 
feeble health he has been able to achieve so much that is 
useful and excel'ent in the field of practice and of literature. 
His achievements under the circumstances do hardly less 
honor to his tenacity of purpose tlian to his vigor and fer- 
tility of intellect. 



fl XTELL, REV. HENRY, D. D., late of Geneva, 
New York, was born in Mendham, New Jersey, 
June 9th, 1773, and was a son of Henry Axtell, 
Qy/-^ a farmer and a revolutionary oflicer. His studies 
1^^ " were pursued at Princeton College, where he duly 
gradu.ited. Subsequently he taught school for 
several years in Morristown and Mendham, and in 1804 
removed to Geneva, New York, where he was also for sev- 
eral years at the head of a flourishing educational institute. 
On the 1st of November, 1810, he was licensed to preach 
by the Presbytery of Geneva, and, after laboring zealously 
and with eminent usefulness in various places, was, in 1812, 
installed as colleague pastor with Rev. Jedediah Chapman, 
at Geneva, where he spent the remainder of his life. The 
degree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred upon him by 
Middlebury College in 1S23, as a mark of his scholar- 
ship in theology. He was a bold and faithful preacher, 
and when unusually warmed by favoring circumstances, 
or spurred on by exceptional difficulties, became very 
powerful and singularly endowed with the fire of grace. 
He was both practical and argumentative, and emi- 
nently Scriptural in his preaching. In stature, he was 
rather above the average, and was of a broad and athletic 
build. "He died in the utmost peace, February nth, 
1849." He published a " Sermon " preached at the ordina- 
tion of Julius Steele, in 1816. 



inOGRArillCAL ENCYC'LOP/KniA. 



473 



Vg>^nOMrSON, IION. UICITARD p., I.nwyer, At- 
jV / 1 torneyCeneral of the Slate of New Jersey, late 
^il| { of Salem, New Jersey, was born in that town in 
{'JFaI 1805. He studied law with William N. Jeffers, 
Ca^ *"<^ ^^* licensed as an attorney in 1825, and as 

a counsellor in 1828. " He was, within the 
sphere of his knowledge, a very adroit and respectable advo- 
cate." His expertness in the trial of causes and in the 
transaction of business was very great, and for several years 
liis practice was extensive and lucrative. For several years 
he prosecuted the pleas of New Jersey with noteworthy 
ability and success; and, while holding this office, was ap- 
pointed, by Governor Haines, Attorney-General of the 
State, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the death of Attor- 
ney-General Molleson. At the expiration of the term of 
that temporary office, he resumed the duties of Prosecutor, 
and was met by a writ of i^tio 7oar>an/o sued out by the 
late Judge Clawson. The Supreme Court decided that, by 
the acceptance of the office of attorney-general, that of 
prosecutor was vacated, the two offices being incompatible. 
Concerning that case the Hon. L. Q. C. Elmer writes: 
".\lthough as his coun.sel I was dissatisfind with this de- 
cision, on the ground that, admitting the two offices to be 
incompatible, it was the office of attorney-genera! that could 
not be legally held, it was not thought advisable to carry 
the case into the Court of Errors, Mr. Clawson having re- 
Imrjuished all claim to the fees received as prosecutor." 
In 1852 he was appointed, by Governor Fort, Attorney- 
General ; and, being confirmed by the Senate, held the 
office the full term. He succeeded also in inducing the 
Legislature, by the act p.assed in 1S54, to place that office 
upon its present respectalile fooling, relieving the attorney- 
general from the necessity of taking upon himself the ordi- 
nary prosecution of criminals, giving him a respectable 
salary, and extra compensation for his aid in all extraordi- 
nai-y cases. On the last day of the year 1852 he carried 
through the prosecution of Treadway, for the murder of his 
wife, " in a manner that strikingly contr.ists with many 
modern cases of this kind, and therefore deserves special 
mention." The case w.as well tiied on both sides. The 
Court of Oyer and Terminer of the county of Salem, for 
this trial, w.is opened at 9 A. M. ; thirty witnesses were ex- 
amined ; the case was ably summed up on both sides ; Mr. 
MacCulloch being the counsel for the defendant; the jury 
retired at ten o'clock in the evening, and at eleven returned 
with a verdict of guilty of murder in the first degree. The 
criminal afterward confessed his guilt and was executed. 
"Although the evidence was circumstantial, it was entirely 

satisfactory The defendant, several days before he 

had committed the crime, had been heard to threaten it ; he 
was shown to have had a gun, and to have purchased 
powder and buckshot in the morning, the shot precisely of 
the kind extracted from the body of his victim ; he was 
shown to have been seen, late in the afternoon, with his 
gun, in the neighborhood of the house where his wife was. 

60 



She stood near a window in the evening, employed at a 
table on which there was a lamp, when she was shot through 
the window, several buckshot penetrating her body and 
heart, so that she ran into an adjoining room, fell down, and 
immediately died. The place where the person stood who 
shot her was easily determined, and upon being examined 
the next morning, a slight rain having fallen during the 
night, the paper wadding of the gun was found, discolored, 
but whole, and this, upon being pressed smooth, exactly 
fitted the torn part of a newspaper found in the criminal's 
pocket. The Attorney-General had made himself fully ac- 
quainted with all the circumstances of the case, and had 
arranged the evidence so that each witness testified to the 
material facts known to him, and nothing else. No case 
ever tried before me, during an experience on the bench 
of fifteen years, was better conducted, or more satisfactory 
in the result." — Hon. L. Q. C. Elmer. He died in Saleui, 
New Jersey, in 1859. 



I;ER, REV. NATHAN, Clergyman, and formerly 
|| Pastor of the Church of Springfield, was born at 
B.asking Ridge, New Jersey, in 1735. He was 
^ the great-grandson of Walter Ker, who was 
tj- banished from Scotland, September 3d, 1685, and 
" came to America, settling at Freehold, New Jer- 
sey, where he was regarded as one of the principal 
founders of the town and the local church ; his son, Samuel, 
had two sons, Samuel and Joseph; the grandson, Samuel, 
also had two sons, Jacob and Nathan. The last named 
graduated at the College of New Jersey in 1761, and with 
his brother, Jacob, was ordained by the Presbytei-y of New 
Drunswick, July 17th, 1763. Shortly after this he was 
transferred to the Presbytery of New York, and took charge 
of the church of Springfield, New Jersey. He continued 
here but two years, and at the expiration of that time re- 
moved to Long Island, and in 1766 to Goshen, New York, 
where he continued in the faithful discharge of his ministry 
until his decease, December 14th, 1804. His brother, 
Jacob Ker, graduated also at the College of New Jersey, in 
1758, was a tutor in his A/ma Mn/er from 1760 to 1762, 
and afterward became a highly respectable minister of the 
Presbyterian Church in Delaware. 



[URNET, HON. ^Y^XL\M, Judge, Physician, 
lale of Elizabethlown, New Jersey, was born in 
that place about the middle of last century, and 
was the son of Ichabod Bumet, a distinguished 
physician of his native place. After graduating, 
he studied medicine with Dr. Siaats, of New 
York, but the trouble with Great Britain dwarfing all other 
events, public and private, he relincjuished a lucrative prac- 



474 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.^iDIA. 



tice, and entered actively into the political and aggressive 
movements of the day and the patriot citizens. He pre- 
sided as Chairman of the Committee of Public Safety, 
which met daily at Nevvarl; ; in 1775 was Superintendent 
of a Military Hospital, established on his own responsibility 
in the same city; and in the winter of 1776 was elected a 
member of the Continental Congress. Early in the session, 
however, Congress divided the thirteen States into three 
military districts, and he was appointed Physician and 
Surgeon-General of the Eastern District. He accordingly 
resigned his seat in Congress, and entered at once upon his 
office, the arduous duties of which he continued to discharge 
with zealous ability until the close of the war in 1783. He 
was for a time stationed at West Point, and on a certain oc- 
casion was dining with a party of gentlemen at the house 
of General Arnold, when the officer of the day entered, 
and reported that a spy had been taken below who called 
himself John Anderson. It was remarked by the persons 
who were at the table that this intelligence, interesting to 
the general as it must have been, produced no visible 
change in his conduct or behavior; that he continued in his 
seat for some minutes, conversing as before; after which he 
rose, s.iying to his guests that business required him to be 
absent for a short time, and desiring them to remain and 
enjoy themselves till his return. The next intelligence they 
had of him was, that he was In his barge, moving rapidly to 
a British ship-of-war, the " Vulture," which was lying at 
anchor a short distance below the Point. — (On authority of 
his son, Hon. Judge Jacob Burnet, of Ohio.) At the ter- 
mination of the contest he returned to his home and family, 
and devoted himself to agricultural pursuits. He was sub- 
seriuenily appointed Presiding Judge of the Court of 
Conmion Pleas by the Legislature of New Jersey, and was 
also elected President of the State Medical Society. Being 
8 fine classical scholar, on taking the chair he read an 
elaborate essay in Latin, " On the Proper Use of the Lancet 
in rieuritio Cases." He died October 7th, 1791. 



[OOLE. HENRY B., M. D., lato of South River, 
Middlesex county, New Jersey, son of Cyras 
Puole, was bom in Enfield, England, April 24th, 
I79I- In iSoi his parents emigrated to America, 
settled at New Brunswick, and in that town his 
father was for a long time principal of a very well- 
conducted and popular school. Under his father's super- 
vision he was prepared for college, entered Rutgers, and in 
1S09 gr.aduated from that institution with first honors. He 
was subsequently engaged for several years as a teacher, 
being for a time Principal of a high school, and then private 
tutor to the children of the patroon of Albany, receiving, 
while occupying the latter position, the very high salary (for 



the times) of a thousand dollars a year. In 1816 he mar- 
ried Olivia M., daughter of Samuel Jacques, of Middlesex, 
and in the same year entered the office of Dr. Augustus R. 
Taylor, and began the study of medicine. Applying for 
examination In iSiS to the Censors of the District Medical 
Society of Somerset county, his term of study was regarded 
as too brief, and he was subjected to an examination of 
altogether unusual severity. From this he came out with 
credit, was recommended for license, was licensed on the 
strength of the Censors' approval, and at once began the 
practice of his profession in Flemlngton. While resident at 
Flemlngton he was one of the founders of the Hunterdon 
County Medical Society (in 1821); was the first Secretary 
of that organization, .serving until 1826; w.as in that year 
elected Vice-President, and repeatedly served on the Board 
of Censors. He was also a member of the New Jersey 
State Medical Society, serving as a Censor of that body 
and, in 1822, as Vice-President. In 1827-28 he practised 
In New York ; returned to New Jersey in the latter year 
and established himself at South River, Middlesex county. 
Here he remained actively engaged until 1855, when ha 
was disabled by a stroke of paralysis. He died six years 
later, December 2d, 1 86 1. 



AN SYCKEL, CHESTER, Lawyer, of Fleming- 
ton, New Jersey, son of the late Aaron Van 
Syckel, Esq., was born in Union township, Plun- 
terdon county. New Jersey, June 6th, 1S38. 
Having received his preparatory education at the 
well-known school of the Rev. John Vanderveer, 
at Easton, he entered Lafayette College in 1859; was a 
student in that institution for two years; entered the junior 
class in the College of New Jersey, at Princeton, and was 
graduated thence in 1859. Immediately upon graduation 
he was entered at the New Jersey bar, began his legal 
studies in the office of his brother, Bennett Van Syckel, 
Esq. — now one of the judges of the New Jersey Supreme 
Court — -and in 1862 was licensed as an attorney. For some 
two years he was associated with his brother ; was licensed 
as a counsellor in 1S65 ; shortly after became a member of 
the law firm of Bird, Vorhees &. Van Syckel — subsequently 
Vorhees & V.in Syckel— with which he continued until 
1872. Since 1872 he has practised alone. For several 
years he has been a Special Master In Chancery, and also a 
Commissioner of the Supreme Court ; is attorney for the 
Clinton National Bank, and independently of these sources 
commands atj extensive practice. He is a member of the 
Democratic party, but is in no sense a politician ; his pro- 
fessional duties amply engrossing his time and affirirding 
full scope for his exceptional ability. At the bar, as 
well as among his fellow-citizens, his standing is of the 
best. 



nOGRAnilCAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 



475 



OWXK, JOHN, M. I)., l.ite of Rinqocs, New 
Jersey, was born in Monmouth county, New 
Jersey, Septemlier 2cl, 1767. Graduating from 
the academy at Freehold, wliere he received an 
unusually thorough classical education, he began 
his professional studies in the office of Dr. 
Moses Scott, of New Brunswick, at that lime president of 
the New Jersey Medical Society, and one of the most 
prominent medical men in the State. He subsequently 
attended lectures in the medical department of the Univer- 
sity of Pennsylvania — at the same time studying under the 
supervision of Professor William Shipman, of Philadelphia — 
was graduated M. D. in the spring of 1791, and on the 3d 
of August in that year was licensed to practise as a physi- 
cian in New Jersey. In the fall of 1791 he entered upon 
the duties of his profession at Prallsville, removing thence 
in 1796 to the farm near Ringoes, where he resided for 
more than sixty years. Of the New Jersey State Medical 
Society he was for a long period a very prominent member, 
being repeatedly elected to office, and receiving from it the 
honorary degree of M. D. In 1821 he was one of the 
founders of the Hunterdon County Medical Society ; was 
the second President of that body (1S22); was Vice-Presi- 
dent in 1S25 ; was again President in 1846, and was Chair- 
man of the Board of Censors in 1S21, 1S24-25, 1827-28. 
He was also a member, elected in 1S18, of the Cliosophic 
Society of Nassau Hall, Princeton, and for more than fifty 
years was a Ruling Elder in the Second Presbyterian 
Church of Amwell. His practice was very extensive, 
stretching over a tract of country some twenty miles long 
by six wide, and as the roads were few and bad his profes- 
sional rounds were uniformly made upon horseback. All 
told, something more than thirty years of his life was passed 
in the saddle. In temperament he was sanguine, in manner 
decided, and the confidence that he had in the remedies 
which he prescribed to produce the effect desired, tended 
largely to assure his patients, and materially helped him in 
his treatment of disease. His life was prolonged to the 
unusual length of ninety years, and up to a comparatively 
short time before his death he continued actively engaged. 
He died November 4th, 1857. 



0^ 

Vir^AYS, HON. JAMES L., of Newark, was born in 

Philadelphia in 1833, and was educated in the 

public schools of that city. Being designed by 

his parents for a business career, he was early 

trained therefor, and in 1853, when only twenty 

years of age, engaged in mercantile pursuits in 

Rock Island, Illinois, whither he drifted in the tide of 

emigration which about that time swept westward. .After 

three years of western experiences, he returned to the 

East, and in 1^56 located in Newark, New Jersey, where 

he stdl resides. Here he in a fe«' years built up a large 



and successful business, and by his activity and ability 
achieved a prominent position in the community. A man 
of ardent impulses and great natural enthusiasm of character, 
he was among the foremost, when rebellion assailed the 
national flag, to engage in patriotic labors and especially in 
the work of organizing the loyal sentiment of his adopted 
State. He was one of the founders of the Union League, 
an organization which at one time exercised a controlling 
influence upon the politics of New Jersey ; and his influence 
and means were at all limes freely giveu'in aid of the cause 
of patriotism and national unity. A Republican by convic- 
tion, he was from the first an uncompromising supjioiter of 
the jirinciples and policy of that parly, and consequently 
the measures framed by the adminislvalion and Congress 
which were employed for the suppression of the rebellion. 
And no consideration of self-interest, or menace of a loss of 
patronage or social favor, ever swerved him a hair's breadth 
from his convictions of duty or his fidelity to principle. In 
1863 Mr. Hays was elected a member of the Common 
Council, then embracing some of the best men of Newark ; 
and, illustrating in this position his high capacity, he was, 
in 1S65, choben to the lower branch of the Legislature, 
where he at once took a leading place. The following 
year, the people of the county having discovered in him 
precisely the qualities needed in a representative, he was 
elected to the State Senate. His term of service in that 
body, three years, covered a most important period in ihe 
history of the State. The questions growing out of the war 
and the abolition of slavery were all, so far as New Jersey 
was concerned, settled within that period, and as to them 
all Mr. Hays sustained an honorable and influential relation. 
The Legislature of 1866 proposing to withdraw the assent 
of the State, previously given, to the adoption of the Four- 
teenth Amendment to the Constitution, he presented an 
eloquent and able protest, which attracted wide attention 
from its comprehensive statement of the legal objections lo 
such a course. As to matters of purely State concern, Mr. 
Hays occupied an equally prominent position, some of the 
most important acts of legislation having been consummated 
through his influence. He was always on the side of 
economy in expenditure and the largest possible develop- 
ment, consistently with the public demands, of the resources 
of the Slate. The educationalist interest had in him an 
earnest supporter, and all measures looking lo the purifica- 
tion of the public morals uniformly commanded his active 
sympathy. In the care and protection of the interests of his 
own constituents he was at once vigilant and conscientious. 
He thrice defeated a stupendous "job," known as the 
Newark Park bill, thereby saving millions of dollars lo the 
tax-payers of the city. He was chiefly instrumental in 
securing for his city, against a powerful opposition, a new 
line of railroad communication with New York, and also in 
defeating a project for the division of the county which was 
strongly urged by an influential and discontented element 
of its population. Since his retirement from the Senate 



476 



EIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 



Mr. Hays has held no public position, except that of a 
member of the Board of Education, being absorbed in the 
management of his personal interests and in the performance 
of less ostentatious but equally important duties in connec- 
tion with some of the leading charitable and religious 
.organizations of the city. Mr. Hays is a forcible writer and 
an able speaker, and both pen and voice have been liberally 
used in furtherance of Christian and patriotic enterprises. 
He possesses great firmness and decision of character, is 
tenacious in his friendships, and generous to a fault. What 
he does he does effectually ; what he believes he believes 
absolutely and unchangeably. In his personal manners he 
is suave, genial, frank, but he is never undignified where 
dignity best befits the man. He is and has been for many 
years a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and that 
large and prosperous denomination has no man in its ranks 
who is prouder of its traditions and history, or more faithful, 
in his daily life, to the principles or standard of duty which 
it maintains. 



lALENTINE, MULFORD D., Manufacturer, of 
Woodbridge, was born in that town, October 26lh, 
1843. His father, James Valentine, a brick 
'manufacturer, was born in New York, and his 
mother, Catherine (Ackerman) Valentine, daugh- 
ter of James Ackerm.an, Esq., was also a native 
of New York. Mulford Valentine received his education 
at the district schools of the vicinity in which he lived. 
His attendance at school continued, with some interruption, 
until he had reached the age of eighteen. By that time 
the war of the rebellion had broken out, and he, like 
multitudes of the young men of those days, felt that he had 
a part to play in the great drama of the time. So he en- 
tered the army of the Union as a private in the aSth New 
Jersey Infantry. His term of enlistment was for nine 
months, and at the expiration of that time he returned witli 
his regiment to the Army of the Potomac, and participated 
in a number of engagements. He was finally mustered out 
of service, July isl, 1S63, and on leaving military life he 
entered Eastman's Business College, at Poughkeepsie, New 
York, where he remained for about six months. Leaving 
there, he went to New York city, and took a position as 
bookkeeper for the firm of L. T. Valentine & Co., propri- 
etors of a large paper v.-arehouse. He remained in this 
situation from 1864 to 1866, when, having determined to 
enter business on his own account, he returned to his home 
at Woodbridge, New Jersey, and associated himself with his 
brother, J. R. Valentine, under the firm-name of M. D. 
Valentine & Co., for the manufacture of fire-brick and drain 
tile. Their commencement in business was on a small 
scale, and for the first year they only undertook the manu- 
facture of Bath brick, sometimes known as Bristol brick, 
for the cleaning of cutlery. Their success in this branch 



was not encouraging, and at the end of a year they com- 
menced the manufacture of drain-pipe in addition to their 
former specialty. A year later, in 1868, the enterprising 
young firm added to their rapidly growing business the 
manufacture of fire-brick. They have occupied from the first 
the present site of their manufactory, and their beginnings 
in all their several departments were small. Year by year 
they have added to their business and to their establishment, 
until to-day the firm ranks among the foremost fire-brick 
manufacturers in the country. Indomitable energy, strict de- 
votion to business, and an integrity and uprightness that none 
could question have accomplished the result. Their manu- 
facturing establishment consists of half a dozen large two- 
story brick buildings. The largest is 80 by 125 feet in ex- 
tent, and the others range from eighty feet square to forty by 
fifty feet. There are four kilns, the capacity of all being 
very great, Kaking from 22,000 to 52,000 bricks at one time. 
They are of the old English, round style, and are known as 
the " up-draught." The capacity of the works is upwards 
of 4,000,000 bricks per annum, and besides the various kinds 
of brick turned out, they produce very heavily of drain tile, 
stove linings, etc. When working to their full capacity, the 
works employ about one hundred hands. The products of 
the establishment are noted everywhere, and the market for 
them is national, orders being received from North, South, 
East, and West. Fortunately, the facilities for shipment are 
very great, and goods can be loaded on boats or cars. The 
premises have a frontage of three hundred feet on the creek, 
and a siding of the Pennsylvania Railroad has been laid 
beside the factory. Mulford Valentine, the head of the 
firm, was married, September loth, 1868, to Rachel V. 
Camp, of Ocean county, New Jersey. 



tj AVLOR, JOHN, Packer, etc., of Trenton, was 
I born in Hamilton Square, Mercer county. New 
I Jersey, October 6th, 1836. When he arrived at 
the age of ten years his father died, leaving the 
family without any means of support. John 
sought and obtained work in a brickyard, and 
from that time assumed the care of his mother and three 
younger brothers and sisters, and was their chief dependence. 
.'\t the age of fifteen he entered as clerk a retail grocery 
store in the city of Trenton, and remained in that capacity 
for five years. During the last year of his service he was 
intrusted with the purchase of stock in Philadelphia and 
New York, and thus acquired a knowledge of business and 
formed an acquaintance with business men which largely 
aided him in his subsequent operations. At the age of twenty 
years he started a retail grocery store under his own name, 
with a cash capital of fifteen dollars. In this he continued 
for three years, and then tore out counters and shelves and 
boldly launched out into the wholesale trade. It was the 



niOGRArillCAL ENCYCI.Or.KDIA. 



477 



first ventuve ever made in tlie city of Trenton of a distinct- 
ively wholesale business of any kind. Many careful and 
sagacious business men doul)te<l the expediency of tlie un- 
dertaking and predicted its failure. The first year he sold 
$250,000 worth of goods, and the annual sales thencefor- 
ward steadily increased until 1870, when they reached over 
a million of dollars. The wholesale trade which grew out 
of this successful pioneer experiment has now become the 
most important element of mercantile life in the city. 
During the year 1S70 he sold his interest in the grocery 
business, and Ijuilt a packing-house and slaughtering estab- 
lishment, which he is now successfully operating. He has 
served two terms in the Trenton Common Council, and in 
that cajiacity secured the passage of an ordinance submitting 
to a vote of the people the question of removing the pub- 
lic markets from Greene street, and the abandonment by the 
city of the market business. By his zealous labors for two 
years he procured the success of these projects. This 
question was one of the most interesting and exciting local 
contests that had agitated the community for several years. 
He contributed liberally to the stock in private market as- 
sociations, and several new and handsome markets have 
been erected, one of which, in honor to him, bears the name 
of Taylor. In 1866 he conceived the project of erecting 
an opera house, and by taking half the stock himself and 
energetically canvassing for the remainder he secured the 
success of the enterprise. The building was begun the 
same year and opened to the public in 1867. It cost 
$125,000, and is the finest structure of the kind in New Jer- 
sey. Many sagacious people also predicted that this enter- 
prise would be a disastrous failure, but there is now nothing 
in the city in which the citizens take a greater pride than in 
the Taylor Opera House. He was also chiefly instrumental 
in organizing Company "A," of the National Guard, one 
of the finest military organizations in the State. In the 
directions indicated and in various other ways he has suc- 
cessfully labored to foster a spirit of public improvement in 
Trenton. 



J UNYON, HON. ENOS \V., Lawyer and Judge, 
was born, February 24th, 1S25, in Somerset 
county. New Jersey. He is the son of Squire 
""■ie. I^unyon. His family is of Huguenot descent, his 
(s « V* ancestors having left France on the Revocation 
of the Edict of Nantes, settling first in England, 
from which one branch of them emigrated to this country, 
taking up their residence in the Carolinas, whence some of 
their descendants removed to New Jersey. He was educated 
at the Plainfield Academy, and afterwards taught school 
until his 25th year, at the same time preparing himself for 
the bar. He began the study of law with Cornelius Boice, 
and finished his preparatory course with Joseph Annin, a 
relative of President Edwards. He was admitted to the 



liar, June 8th, 1854, and .at once entered upon the practice in 
riainfield. At that time he and Mr. lioice, his late precep- 
tor, were the only lawyers in I'lainfield ; but, though the 
laborers were few, the harvest was not plenteous, and he 
had to depend on the growth of the town for the growth 
of his practice. This dependence, however, did not fail 
him in the end ; Plainfield has grown, and his practice with 
it, until both are large and flourishing, his practice having 
become lucrative in all branches of the profession. Mean- 
while, in 1856, when his practice was not yet absorbing, he 
founded the Plainfield Gazette, and conducted it for about 
three years, placing it on a sound footing, financially and 
journalistically. In 1862 his brother, Nelson Runyon, be- 
came his law-partner, the name of the firm being E. W. & 
N. Runyon. Most successful lawyers, in the smaller cities 
at least, are drawn, soon or late, into politics, and he has 
not proved an exception, owing in some measure, possibly, 
to his former connection with the press. In 1867 he was 
elected to the New Jersey Legislature, in which he took a 
leading part in favor of confening the right of suffrage on 
the colored people of the State, being the most outspoken 
and fearless of all the advocates of the measure, and doing 
more, perhaps, than any other member to secure its passage. 
It was not a popular measure at the time, and his prominent 
connection with it no doubt contributed to prevent his return 
to the next Legislature, but he had the consolation of suc- 
cess in the line of duty, to which has since been added the 
general admission that he was right, the bitterest opponents 
of the measure then conceding now its justice and wisdom. 
In April, 1S73, he was appointed Law Judge of Union 
county, a position which he still holds, and the duties of 
which he has discharged to the satisfaction of the bar and 
the public. He was married, February 20th, 1850, to Miss 
Vail, daughter of Stephen Vail, of Plainfield. 



Vi^'AXON, WILLIAM B., Lawyer, of Plainfield, was 
born in May, 1829, at UnadiUa Forks, Otsego 
county, New York. He is a son of the Rev. 
Wm. B. Maxon, of the Seventh-day Baptist 
Church. The Maxon family came to this country 
from England in the seventeenth centuiy, and set- 
tled in Rhode Island, where the whole family was murdered 
by the Indians, except one boy, the great-grandfather of the 
subject of this sketch, who was also a minister of the Sev- 
enth-day Baptist Church. The mother of the present sub- 
ject was Lucinda Le Roy, whose mother was a native of 
Stonington, Connecticut, and, when a young girl, signalized 
her revolutionary spirit by secretly entering the British 
lines, in company with another girl, and bringing ofT the 
British flag in triumph. The descendant of this spirited 
maiden, whose life is now to be sketched, received a classi- 
cal education at the I)u Ruyter Institute, and at the age of 
eighteen went to New Vurk city, where he was employed 



47S 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/TiDIA. 



in the Novelty Iron Works, then operated nnd partly owned 
by Mr. Tliomas Slillman. Six months in this establishment 
convinced him that he had no aptitude for the mechanical 
arts and he accordingly relinquished the study of Ihem. In 
1849 he went to California, in which he cast his first vote 
for President, voting for General Scott in 1852. Finally 
discovering what he believed to be his true bent, he began 
the study of law, reading with Mr. Wheelan, formerly law- 
partner of Ex-Governor Smith, and in 1S54: was admitted 
to the California bar. He practised in San Francisco until 
1859, when he was elected to the California Legislature, 
wherein he served with credit for one term, declining a re- 
nomination. Previously, however, he had held the office 
of Judge of the Court of General Sessions of San Mateo 
county, during his incumbency of which the Teny-Broder- 
ick duel took place, the first hostile meeting of the parlies 
being frustrated by their arrest under a warrant issuing from 
him. Their second meeting, as is well known, eluded the 
officers of the law, with a result fatal to Senator Broderick. 
To return, while in the Legislature he was a member of the 
committee to investigate the necessity of an expedition 
against the Indians, making a minority report in opposition 
to the measure, and in favor of protecting the Indians 
rather than fighting them. This report, especially notable 
as coming from one who tracks his lineage through pools 
of innocent blood shed by Indians, was ultimately adopted, 
whereby the State was saved certainly a great expense and 
probably a great shame. After spending sixteen years in 
California, including the turbulent limes in which the Vigil- 
ance Committee bore sway, a stern but necessary rule as he 
believes, he returned, in 1S67, to the East, settling at Plain- 
field, New Jersey, though entering into a legal partnership 
with Judge Titsworth, of Newark. He continued this 
partnership for two years, when he was elected Superin- 
tendent and Agent of the American and Mexican Railroad 
and Telegraph Company, organizejl to construct a railroad 
and telegraph line from Guaymas, in Sonora, to El Paso, in 
Texas. He spent two years in the service of this company, 
whose enterprise, owing to the unsettled state of the country 
and the death of Judge Whiting, one of the principal pro- 
jectors, was eventually abandoned. In 1873 he resumed 
his practice and his residence in the city of Plainfield, where 
he has since attained great distinction in his profession, par- 
ticularly as a jury lawyer, in which respect his reputation 
may fairly be said to have become national. His recent 
defence of a young girl accused of larceny was remarked 
upon at the time by the press of the metropolis, and of the 
country at large, as an effort of surpassing ability and elo- 
quence. In politics he was a Whig so long as the Wliig 
party existed, after which he adhered to the Republican 
party until the nomination of Mr. Greeley, in 1872, when 
he took his place .among the Liberal Republicans. Since 
1874 he has been Corporation Counsel for the city of Plain- 
field. He was married, in 1S67, to Miss Titsworth, daugh- 
ter of the late Judge Titsworth, of Plainfield. 



S7« 



fOOK, LEWIS C, M. t)., was born m December, 
1818, at Stewartsville, Warren county, New Jer- 
sey. He. was a son of Dr. Silas C. Cook, of that 
county. He graduated at Princeton College in 
iSjS, and studied medicine in the medical de- 
^^ pavtment of the University of Pennsylvania, frum 
which he graduated in 1S42. He succeeded his father in 
tlie practice of medicine at Stewartsville, and subsequently 
formed a partnership with Dr. Rea, which lasted until the 
latter retired from practice, when he formed a new partner- 
ship with his younger brother. Dr. John S. Cook. The lat- 
ter partnership continued until he removed to Chicago, 
Illinois. After four years of successful practice in that city 
his declining health induced him to return to the East, 
upon which he renewed his partnership with his brother at 
Hackettstown, in his native county, where he resided for 
the remainder of his life. He was an active and leading 
member of the Warren County Medical Society, which he 
frequently represented in the Slate Medical Society. His 
profession in all its relations was the object of his ardent 
devotion, a devotion which never flagged while his life en- 
dured, and which was reflected back in the esteem .and ad- 
miration accorded to him by his fellow-practitioners through- 
out the wide circle of his acquaintance and the still wider 
circle of his reputation. Personally he was a man of fine 
appearance, graceful address, refined and genial manners, 
and warm social feelings, unstinted in his charities, tena- 
cious in his friendships, steadfast in his convictions, and 
above all, unfaltering in his faith, the type, in short, qf a 
Christian gentleman. He died on the Illh of January, 
1S74, of typhus fever, after an illness of sixteen days, dying, 
.as he had lived, in the full possession of the Christian 
faith as taught by the Presbyterian Church, of which he 
had long been an exemplary member. He was married, in 
March, 1852, to Miss Janet Eaton, whom he sun'ived, 
though but for a few years. 



I 



^d 



OOK, JOHN S., M. D., was born, June 19th, 1S27, 
near Stewartsville, Warren county. New Jersey. 
He is a son of Dr. Silas C. Cook, long a promi- 
nent physician of that county. Having prepared 
for college at Easton, Pennsylvania, he entered 
Lafayette College in 1S44, remaining at that 
institution until 1846, when he left it to enter Union College, 
from which he graduated in 1S47, completing the curriculum 
in three years, which would seem to imjily an unusually 
thorough preparation at the outset, or unusual proficiency in 
the course, if not both. He began the study of medicine 
with his father, and finished it in the medical department 
of the University of Pennsylvania, at which he gradualeil 
in 1850. Soon .after his graduation he entered upon the 
practice of his profi.ssion at Hackettstown, New Jersey, 
where he' has since pursued it, acquiring an extensive prac- 



UIOGRArillCM, ENCVCLOr.EDIA. 



479 



lire, nnd cstalili.-hing 
j>..iyNici;iii and a man 



,11 envialile reputation both as a 
For a number of years he was as- 
ialeil in the practice with his elder brother, the late Dr. 
I-ewis C. Cook, a physician of tlistinction, and in all re- 
s]iects an ornament to the profession, as indeed may be as 
truthfully said of the younger brother, whose professional 
abilities and personal character are held in the highest 
regard by the community which they serve and adojn. lie 
is a member of the Warren County Medical Society; of the 
New Jersey Academy of Medicine; and of the State Medi- 
cal Society, of which he is Vice-President. He was mar- 
ried, in 1S55, to Georgia Lewis, of Columbus, Ohio. 



1 ATEMAN, ROBERT MORRISON, M. D., of 
Red Bank, New Jersey, son of Dr. B. Rush 
Bateman, and a grandson of the Hon. Ephraim 
Bateman, United States Senator from New Jer- 
sey, 1826-28, was born at Cedarville, Cumber- 
land county. New Jersey, September 14th, 1836. 
received his preparatory education at Harmony 
Academy, Cedarville, and at Edgehill Grammar School, he 
entered the College of New Jersey, and was graduated 
thence B. A. His professional education was received in 
the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania, 
and by that institution, in March, 1859, he was granted his 
degree of M. D. In the same year he established himself 
as a general practitioner in his native town, and in a short 
time acqtlired a very satisfactory practice. This was inter- 
rupted for a time by the war. In 1S62 he was appointed 
Acting AssistantStu-geon to the 25th New Jersey Regi- 
ment; was subsequently promoted to be Surgeon, and ren- 
dered efficient service in these capacities until the latter 
part of 1863. lie then resumed practice at Cedarville, 
where he remained actively engaged until May, 1877, when 
he removed to Red Bank. He is a member of the Ameri- 
can Medical Association ; a member of the New Jersey 
State Medical Society, essayist in 1874 and in 1875, ^""^ 
■while resident at Cedarville was one of the most prominent 
members of the Cumberland County Medical Society, being 
reporter in 1S65, president in 1S66, and historian in 1S67. 
In the latter capacity he prepared his valuable " History of 
the Medical Men, and of the District Medical Society of 
the County of Cumberland, New Jersey," a work of present 
interest and of permanent value. His literary productions, 
professional and non-professional, have been quite exten- 
sive, including contributions to the leading medical periodi- 
cals and to the literary magazines of the day. He is also 
well ^nd favorably known in the rostrum, being an ex- 
ceedingly popular lecturer before the religious and literary 
societies of Cumberland and the adjacent counties. His 
high professional and social standing has led to his appoint- 
n.ent to numerous positions of local importance: he has 



been County Examiner of Public Schools; President of the 
Cumberland County Sunday-Scho(jl Association ; member 
of the Board of Trustees of the West Jersey Academy ; 
member of the Board of Directors of the Cumberland 
County Bible Society, etc. He has also for a number of 
years been Medical Examiner to the American, of Phila- 
delphia, and the Mutual and ^tna, of New Vork, Life 
Insurance Companies. He has married twice: first, April 
7th, 1859, to Caroline H. Bateman, who died August 23d, 
1S74; and, second, June 14th, 1876, to Louise L. GofT. 



"^;,ARRISON, CHARLES, M. D., late of Swedes- 
borough, Gloucester county. New Jersey, was 
born about 1800. His professional education was 
received in the medical dep.artment of the Uni- 
versity of Pennsylvania, whence he graduated, 
^ M. D., in 1821. In the same year, having been 
examined, passed and licensed by the District Board of 
Censors, he settled at Deerfield, Cumberland county, New 
Jersey; removed in less than a year to Clarksborough, 
Gloucester county, and thence in a few months to Swedes- 
borough. Here for half a century he was engaged in 
active practice, being during the greater portion of this 
period the leading physician of southwest New Jersey. In 
obstetrics alone he attended 9,000 cases. He was a promi- 
nent member of the Gloucester County Medical Society, 
and also of the New Jersey State Medical Society, and for 
many years c<mtributed largely to current medical litera- 
ture. He married a sister of Dr. Joseph Fithian, of Wood- 
bury, New Jersey. He died April 12th, 1S75. 

GARRISON, REV JOSEPH FITHIAN M D., of 
Camden, New Jersey, son of the preceding, was born at 
Deerfield, Cumberland county, January 25th, 1822. Having 
received his preparatory education at the Bridgeton Board- 
ing School, he entered the College of New Jersey, Prince- 
ton, whence he was graduated with the second honor. He 
subsequently attended medical lectures at the University 
of Pennsylvania, receiving from that institution, in the 
spring of 1S45, his degree of M. D. During the ensuing 
nine years, in partnership with his father, he was actively 
engaged in the practice of his profession at Swedesborough ; 
being a member of the State and county medical societies, 
and contributing occasional papers to the leading medical 
periodicals. In 1S55 he entered holy orders, and for the 
past twenty-two years has been Rector of St. Paul's Protest- 
ant Episcopal Church at Camden, 

GARRISON, CHARLES GRANT, M. D., of Swedes- 
borough, New Jersey, son of the preceding, was born in 
Swedesborough, August 3d, 1S49. Having received his 
preparatory education at Edgehill School, Princeton, he 



4So 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.^iDIA. 



entered the classical department of the University of Penn- 
sylvania ; was graduated thence I!. A. ; entered tlie medical 
department, and was graduated thence, M. D., in 1872. In 
the same year he established himself at Swedesboiough, 
where his own ability and the prestige of his name led to 
his rapid acquisition of an extensive practice. He is a 
member of the New Jersey Slate Medical Society, of which 
he has been Reporter since 1S72, and of the Gloucester 
County Medical Society, of which he has for the past two 
years been Secretary. He has contributed a number of 
valuable reports of cases and monographs to the leading 
medical periodicals of the day. 



1 ICKES, STEPHEN, M. D., of Orange, New Jer- 
sey, son of Van Wyck and Eliza (Herriman) 
Wickes, and a descendant of Thomas Wickes, 
<j ^ ' c?) grantee in 1666 of the site of the present town of 
^ e5" Huntington, Long Island, was born at Jamaica, 
Long Island, March 17th, 1S13. His prepara- 
tory education was received at Union Hall Academy, in 
his native town, whence he passed to Union College, Sche- 
nectady. From this institution he graduated, B. A., in 
1S31 (receiving three years later the degree of M. A.), and 
with a view to fitting himself for the profession of medicine 
was, during the ensuing year, a student of the natural sci- 
ences at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. In the fall 
of 1S32 he entered the medical department of the Univer- 
sity of Pennsylvania; graduated thence, M. D., in the 
spring of 1S34, and shortly thereafter began practice in the 
city of New York. In 1835 he removed to Troy, New 
York, where he remained for something over fifteen yeare, 
being for a considerable portion of this time in partnership 
with Dr. Thomas W. Blotchford, under whom he had read 
medicine previously to entering the University of Pennsyl- 
vania.. In April, 1852, he finally established himself in 
Orange, where for a number of years he has been one of 
the leading physicians. During his residence in Troy he 
was a Trustee of the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute ; was 
President of the Rensselaer Tract Society, and was a Rul- 
ing Elder in the First Presbyterian Church. In 1856 he 
w.\s made a Ruling Elder of the First Presbyterian Church 
of Orange; has for a number of years been a member of the 
Essex County Bible Society, and in 1S72 was President of 
.th.at organization. He is a member of the American Medi- 
cal Association; a member of the New Jersey State Medical 
Society, Chairman since 1861 of the Standing Committee; 
an honorary member of the New York State Medical So- 
ciety; a member of the National Sanitary Association; a 
member of the New Jersey Sanitary Association ; a member 
of the New Jersey Historical Society, etc. His most im- 
port.ant literary work is a volume entitled "Annals of New 
Jersey Medicine Prior to 1800" — at present (1877) in 
manuscript and scarcely completed — a compilation neces- 



sitating most careful research, and destined to be of perma- 
nent value and interest. In a measure supplementing this 
are the annual repoits which he has furnished since 1 861 to 
the New Jersey State Medical Society upon the current 
medical history of the State ; and during the same period 
he has edited the society's Transaclions. The industry re- 
quired to produce so much literaiy matter, while attending 
to the duties of a large practice, may be readily estimated, 
especially when it is added that, beside his private profes- 
sional employment, he is Physician to Memorial Hospital, 
at Orange. He has twice married : first, in 1835, to 
Mary Whitney, daughter of Isaac Heyer, Esq., of New 
York; and, second, in 1841, to Lydia Matilda, widow of 
Dr. William Vandinderer, and daughter of Joseph Howard, 
Esq., of Brooklyn. 



OHNSON, WILLIAM, M. D., late of Whitehouse, 
Hunterdon county, son of Thomas P. and Mary 
(Stockton) Johnson, was born at Princeton, New 
Jersey, February i8th, 17S9. Having read medi- 
cine under Dr. John Van Cleve, of Princeton, he 
entered the medical department of the University 
of Pennsylvania, and from that institution received, in the 
spring of 181 1, his degree of M. D. In April of the same 
year he was examined by the State Board of Censors, and 
was licensed to practise as a physician in New Jersey, and 
in the ensuing July he established himself at Whitehouse. 
In 1821 he was one of the founders of the Hunterdon 
County Medical Society; was first Vice-President on the 
foundation, and held the same office in 1S48 and in 1S56; 
was President in 1S24, 1836, 1849 and 1857, and was for 
many years a member of the Board of Censors. He was 
also a member of the New Jersey State Medical Society, 
serving as Vice-President in 1823. For more than fifty 
years he was one of the leading practitioners of Hunter- 
don, being highly successful in his treatment of disease, and 
attaining to high professional standing as well as to far- 
reaching personal popularity. Among his office-students 
were a number of subsequently eminent physicians. He 
died January 13th, 1S67. 



X^EN EYCK, HON. JOHN CONOVER, of Mount 
eT 1 1 Holly, Lawyer, and United States Senator from 
1859 to 1S65, was born in Freehold, Monmouth 
county, New Jersey, on March 1 2th, 1 8 14. His 
classical education was very carefully conducted 
by private tutors, and was of a thorough charac- 
ter. Inclining to the legal profession, he in due lime began 
the study of law in the office of Hon. Joseph F. Randolph, 
late a Justice of tlie Supreme Court of New Jersey, and 
having followed the prescribed course was admitted to the 
bar as an attorney in 1835, and as counsellor in 1S3S. He 



BIOGRAnilCAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 



48. 



settled for practice in r>urliiigton, going into partnership 
with Hon. Oarret D. Wail, tlien United States Senator from 
New Jersey. In the year 1839 he was ajipointed Prose- 
cutor of the Pleas for Burlington county, and held the ap- 
pointment for ten years, performing all the duties of the 
oftice with ability and conscientious regard to the public 
interests. He has always manifested an active interest in 
public affairs, his opinions leading him into afTiliation with 
the Whig and Republican parlies. When the convention 
called to revise the constitution of the State met, in 1844, 
he took his seat as a delegate, and, although next to the 
youngest member, made his influence felt in the delibera- 
tions of that body. He was elected to the United Slates 
Senate for the term commencing in 1 859 and terminating 
in 1865. While a member of the Senate he served, among 
other committees, upon those on Commerce, Patents and 
the Judiciary. Recently he was ag.iin called upon to assist 
in the revision of the constitution of the State of New 
Jersey, being appointed a member of the commission 
formed in 1873 to prepare a comprehensive series of 
amendments. Of this commission he was chairman. The 
commission was a distinguished body, and the labor cast 
upon it was most worthiiy performed, the results meeting 
with the emphatic .ipprobation of the community. 



g'y^^RANDTN, JOHN F., late of Hampden, son of 
cJI Y Philip and Eleanor (Forman) Grandin, was born 
(Sv t '" Hunterdon county. New Jersey, in 1760. He 
<^'-^fl read medicine under Dr. James Newell, of Allen- 
^~>^ town, New Jersey, and upon being admitted to 
practise as a physician was appointed a Surgeon 
in the United States navy. In this capacity he served dur- 
ing the latter part of the revolutionary war ; subsequently 
visited Hollanil, and upon returning to America established 
himself in practice at Hampden. He married Mary, daugh- 
ter of Dr. James Newell. For upwards of twenty yeari he 
w.as a prominent physician in Hunterdon, practising with 
fair success, and being generally esteemed both in and out 
of his profession. He died July 21st, 1811, 



rv"i> 



v/ 



n 



n^ 



; ERLIN, ISAAC NEWTON, M. D., was born at 
Burlington, New Jersey, May 27th, 1S34. He is 
a son of Joseph Kerlin, of Burlingtcn county. 
New Jersey, and Sarah A. Ware, of Philadelphia. 
After receiving a common school and academical 
education he entered the medical department of 
the University of Pennsylvania, from which he graduated 
in 1856. He settled in Philadelphia, where he was Resi- 
dent Physician of Wills Hospital for one year. From 1S57 
to 1S62 he was Assistant Superintendent of the Institution 
Ci 



for the Feeble- Minded, at Media, Pennsylvania, of which 
he has been Superintendent-in-Chief since 1864. His pro- 
fessional life has been chiefly occupied with the delicate 
and responsible duties of this office. He is a member of 
the Delaware County Medical Society, of which he was 
Secretary for many years; of the State Medical Society of 
Pennsylvania; of the American Medical Association, his 
membership of which is permanent; of the American Public 
Health Association; and of the Association of Superin- 
tendents of Institutions for the Feeble-Minded, of which he 
is .Secretafy. In 1858 he published a small volume en- 
titled " Mind Unveiled," giving his experiences in the early 
days of his work in the care and treatment of idiots ami 
imbeciles. In 1862 and 1863 he was connected for ten 
months with the Sanitary Commission, having charge 
of the field-work of the Army of the Potomac. He 
was married, September 7th, 1865, to Harriet C. Dix, 
of Groton, Massachusetts. 



UTPHEN, HON. JOHN C, M. D., of Plainfield, 
was born at the old Sutphen homestead, in Som- 
erset county. New Jersey, in 1836. His ancestors 
on his father's side emigrated from .Sutphen, Hol- 
land ; and from this ancient city the family name 
is derived. Both of his grandmothers were of 
English (Puritan) descent. His preparatory education was 
received at his home, and in 1852 he entered the College 
of New Jersey, at Princeton, whence he was graduated, 
B. A., in 1856; his brother, the Rev. Morris C. Sutphen, 
D. D., being his classm.ite and fellow-gradu.ate. In the 
ensuing year he entered the medical department of the 
University of Pennsylvania, and from th.at institution re- 
ceived, in 1859, his degree of M. I). During the ensuing 
eight years he was actively engaged in the practice of his 
profession at Liberty Corner, .Somerset county, and in 1S67 
removed to Plainfield, where he has since resided. Imme- 
diately upon his arrival at Plainfield he was chosen City 
Physician, under the new city charter then just adopted, 
and in the year following was elected a member of the 
Common Council, and was appointed chairman of several 
of the leading committees. During this time his practice 
s eadily increased ; reli.ince in his professional skill and 
regard for his sterling qualities as a public-spirited citizen 
being greatly augmented by his fearless and largely suc- 
cessful labors during the memorable small-pox pestilence. 
His heroic exertions on this occasion were in a measure 
recognized by his nomination and election, in 1S74, and re- 
election in 1875, to the position of Mayor of Plainfield, an 
office that he filled to the entire satisfaction of his fellow- 
citizens and to the permanent benefit of the cilv. Since 
the nomination of Mr. Greeley for the Presidency he has 
been a member of the Liberal wing of the Republican 



482 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.'EDIA. 



party — ns he was previously of the Republican party proper 
— and is in entire sympathy with the policy adopted Liy 
President Hayes. 



HINDS, GENERAL WILLIAM, Revolutionary 
Hero, late of Rockaway, Morris county. New 
Jersey, was born in Soulhhold, Long Island, in 
1727 or 1728. From "a list of the names of 
Old and Young, Christians and Heathens, Free- 
men and Servants, white and black, etc., inhab- 
illinge within the Townshipp of Southhold," it would appear 
that the Winds family, early in the last century, was quite 
numerous. William removed to New Jersey when a young 
man, and purchased a part of the Burroughs tract of land 
on " Pigeon Hill." After improving several acres of that 
estate he ascertained that the title under which he held it 
was not reliable, and with a frank statement of the fact, 
Sold his right, giving a quit-claim deed. He then bought 
a large tract of land only a short distance from the village of 
Dover, where he resided until the time of his decease. The 
barn which he built is still standing, and the foundations of 
his house are yet to be seen. He sold from his original 
purchase several farms, retaining for his own use what is still 
known as " the Winds Farm." His wealth as a landholder 
and his natural force of character gave him great influence 
in the community, at a time when the savages yet infested 
New Jersey, and the whole country was agitated with the 
contest between England and France. At such a period, 
u.aturally, a leader who could be relied upon for timely 
counsel and shrewd action was respected and looked up to 
by his neighbors and the State. " Besides this, he was so 
chivalric in his bravery, and so decided in his views, and 
withal there was in him such a blending of cour.age with 
};reat physical powers, that his fellow-citizens naturally 
turned to him in times where onlin.ary gifts were insufficient 
to meet the emergencies which were constantly arising. 
In the old French war, a brigade was raised in New Jersey 
to aid in the conquest of Canada, and in that force he was 
commissioned as an officer. On their march, a great way 
north of Albany, the troops were exposed to t!:e enemy, 
and, whilst being attacked, were forbidden by their own 
commnnder to return the fire, or even to offer any resistance. 
He, although a subordinate, then ran up to the general 
officer, and remonstrated with him, whereupon his superior 
menaced him with his sword. " The warm-blooded Winds, 
seconded by the enraged troops, made such answer to this 
that the commander put spur to his horse and fled for his 
life. Winds now assumed the command, and brought off 
the troops with honor." In 1758 a battalion was raised in 
New Jersey, the term of enlistment being for one year, and 
he then received a royal commission as Major — "but Mr. 
Losey is mistaken in the rank he assigns him at that period, 
since, in the records of the Presbyterian Parish of Rocka- 
way, on January 29lh, 1771, he is called Captain Winds, 



and his name as Major Winds is" not given until the record 
of April 20th, 1773." The same authority states further 
that he was not present at the capture of Quebec, by Wolfe, 
in 1759, the term for which the New Jersey troops were en- 
listed having expired. Yet he was actively' engaged in 
many attendant and often severe skirmishes, and assisted in 
taking many prisoners. His treatment of these was so con- 
siderate and generous that several accompanied him back to 
New Jersey, and there settled as permanent residents. 
Among these was a man named Cubbey, to whom he be- 
came greatly attached, and presented a deed for twelve 
acres of land in the vicinity of Dover. This man acted as 
a soit of body-servant to him for many years. His conduct 
in that campaign was favorably reported by his soldiers, and 
he became more than ever a populai' man at home. In this, 
as in all his campaigns, also, he gained the love of his 
troops by intrepidity, and by his careful protection of their 
interests in standing between them and greedy speculators, 
who, through his efforts, were prevented from preying mer- 
cilessly on the means of the common soldier. With slight 
variations, the tradition concerning his exploit on the expe- 
dition to Canada is confirmed by Colonel Joseph Jnckson, 
of Rockaway, who was personally acquainted with him, and 
whose father served under him repeatedly during the revo- 
lutionary war. That New Jersey sent troops to Canada in 
1758 is certain, and also that they formed a part of the army 
which Abercrombie led to the attack on Ticonderoga in 
July of that year. This prolwbly affiuds the clue to the re- 
lation. In that disastrous battle Montcalm commanded the 
French ; and Abercrombie, scorning the sound advice of 
Stark (the husband of " Molly Stark"), and also various 
English officers, calling them " Rehoboam counsellors," 
precipitated his gallant troops upon a foolish and bloody 
defeat. His conduct was severely reprobated by the sur- 
vivors of his army, and by the authorities at home. "And 
here, in all probability, is the seed from which grew the 
Morris county tradition." At home he was not merely a 
brave man, but the bravest of the brave ; and in some 
respects was the most noted man in the county, holding 
there a relative position which was not so obvious in an 
army made up of v.aliant spirits from England and Scotland 
and the New England colonies, which, among other noted 
spirits, had sent Wolfe, Putnam and Stark. It is a matter 
of uncertainty whether he engaged in military service during 
the period intervening between the French war and the 
Revolution. Meanwhile he received a commission from 
the English authorities as one of the king's justices of the 
peace for the county of Morris. This was previous to 
1765, a year famous in American histoiy for the passage of 
the odious stamp act. Ill common with the masses of his 
countrymen, he regarded that act as an intolerable oppres- 
sion, and resisted its practical enforcement, a step more 
ilifticult than common in his case as a justice of the peace. 
The bold resistance of the New England colonies has 
found a place in history, and yet the mountains of Morris 



BIOGRAnilCAL ENXVCLOP-EDIA. 



4S3 



counly rurnislied as singuhr nil evasion of the act as any on 
record. To avoid the use of the stamped paper, he substi- 
tuted the bark of the white birch. Warrants and writs, 
bonds and execiUions, were not then so numerous as in these 
days of litigation, and the simplicity of the times allowed a 
brevity in those legal documents which might now be con- 
sidered indecorous. " But when the constable displayed a 
warrant to arrest ' Richard Roe,' and bring him before me, 
William Winds, there was no one bold enough to deny 
the summary authority." If there be another instance of a 
sworn justice of King George nullifying Ihe stamp act 
with white birch bark, it has as yet escaped historical 
notice. He was connected with the Presbyterian Church of 
Rockaway, which was organized about 1 752; made a 
public profession of religion during the pastorate of Rev. 
James Tuttle, the first piistor, and w;ts a liberal contrilnitor 
toward the church expenses and building the first meeting- 
house, " although it must be acknowledged that his warm 
imperious temper betrayed him into some extravagances 
scarcely consistent with his profession." For instance, one 
Sabbath morning, when the congregation was surprised by a 
messenger on horseback bringing the news that the enemy 
were on the march to Morristown, he exhibited the most 
wrathful impatience because the "minute men" had come 
to church without their arms. A woman who witnessed the 
scene says that he never attended meeting in those days 
without his arms, and that on this alarm he •' spoke, or 
rather bawled, so ioud that I should think he might have 
been heard to the Short Hills." He sometimes led in 
prayer when the congregation, lacking a pastor, held deacons' 
meeting; at such times his voice was usually low and 
gentle until he began to plead for the cause of American 
freedom, when his excitement became explosive, and his 
"voice was raised until it sounded like heavy thunder!" 
In his " Revolutionary Reminiscences," Dr. Ashbel Green 
says : " He was of gigantic frame and strength, and no one 
doubted his courage. But the most remarkable thing about 
him was his voice. It exceeded in power and efficiency (for 
it was articulate as well as loud) every other human voice I 
ever heard. It was indeed a stentorophonic voice." Mrs. 
Anderson, who lived more than half a mile in an air line 
from his house, the valley of the Rockaway river interven- 
ing, says that she has frequently heard distinctly the various 
orders he issued at intervals to the laborers in his fields. 
The anecdote of his frightening ofTa detachment of British 
soldiers by crying out at the top of his voice : " Open to the 
right and left, and let the aitillei-y through ! " is familiar to 
every Jerseyman. The scene of this anecdote was on the 
Hackensack river, as was testified by Stephen Jackson, 
father of Colonel Joseph Jackson, who was present when the 
fictitious order was given. When he sang in church it was 
said that he not only drowned the combined voices of the 
entire congregation, but that " he seemed also to make the 
very building itself shake." In his home everything was 
planned and executed with military precision ; he insisted 



on literal obedience to his orders, even when his own 
interests suffered in consequence thereof. From Mrs. Winds 
to his slave, no one dared vary a hair's breadth frum liis 
commands, " under such a storm as it was fearful to en- 
counter." His favorite Laborer, for this reason, was a man 
called Ogden, and on one occasion his prompt attention to 
orders was seriously to the cost of his employer : he w as 
starting for Norristown one morning, when he saw that liis 
sheep had broken into a grain-field; greatly excited, he 
called out : " Ogden, go and kill every one of those sheep ! " 
and springing on his horse rode off at full speed, \\hich was 
not abated until his steed had covered more than a mile. 
Then, " remembering that his man was a terrible literalist, 
he wheeled his horse and rode back at as swift a rate, at 
every leap of the animal," roaring out like the report of a 
brass field-piece : " Ogden, hold your hand ! Ogden, hold 
your hand ! " But Ogden had executed orders so far as to 
have slaughtered seven of the sheep before he receiveil 
counter commands. In the greateU good-humor, he com- 
mended the man for his promptness, but assured him that he 
had done enough for the present. He had reason to regret 
a great while one of his orders, which was to a niece, to 
whom he was greatly attached, to execute some errand on 
the horse he himself usually rode, and which was as fiery and 
headstrong as its master. The young woman, not daring to 
disobey, mounted the animal and was thrown from his back. 
The fall made her a cripple for life. During her tedious ill- 
ness he watched over her with untiring care and tenderness, 
and, at his death, left her a legacy amounting to one-twen- 
tieth of his whole estate. Yet all accounts depict him as a 
man of boundless generosity to the poor and distressed ; he 
had a rough manner, but a kind heart ; was imperious and 
petulant, yet constantly swayed by generosity and magnani- 
mous promptings. As a magistrate he regarded equity and not 
technicalities, and dispensed justice in modes more conso- 
nant with martial than with civil law; as a Christian, he 
shrank from no pecuniary obligation to religion, and was as 
punctilious as a Pharisee in all religious duties; as an em- 
ployer, he suffered no interference with his plans, and those 
who obeyed him most closely enlisted his kindest regards; 
as a militaiy officer, he was always ready for duty, and his 
soldiers were devotedly attached to him — his very eccentric- 
ities endearing him to them, for even these were employed 
in their behalf. The date of his commission as Lieutenant- 
Colonel in the 1st New Jersey Battalion was Tuesd.ay, 
November 7th, 1775, and by appointment of the Continental 
Congress. Previously, on October 2Sth, of Ihe same year, 
the 1st Battalion of New Jersey had elected the very officers 
who were subsequently commissioned by Congress. From 
a letter bearing date '* Mendham, December 7th, 1775," it 
is learned that about this time he was vigorously engaged in 
scouring the country for the purchase of arms. On Decem- 
ber loth, 1775, Major de Hart wrote to Lord Stirling that 
some complaints had been made of" the price aiul quality 
of some of the arms purchased by Colonel Winds." An 



484 



BIOGRAnilCAL ENCYCLOP.-EDIA. 



order, a1sn, is in existence, under date of November 2ist, 
1775. f""" Stilling, requesting him to lead three companies, 
of which Captain Morris' and Captain Howell's were two, 
to the Highlands, but the order was probalily counter- 
manded. During the contest between Governor Franklin 
and the Assembly, he was at Penh Amboy, the seat of gov- 
ernment, in command of a detachment of troops, subject to 
the order of his Colonel, Lord Stirling. Under dale of 
January lolh, 1776, Stirling writes to the President of the 
Continental Congress that he has ordered him to secure the 
person of the governor and remove him to F.lizabelhtown, 
where he had " provided good and genteel lodgings for 
him." Two days previous to this, Winds wrote the follow- 
ing letter to Franklin : " Barracks at Perth Amboy, January 
8th, 1776. Sn— I have hints that you intend to leave the 
province in case the letters that were intercepted should be 
sent to the Continental Congress. As I have particular 
orders concerning the mailer, I therefore desire you will give 
me your word and honor that you will not depart this 
province until I know the will and pleasure of the Ccmti- 
nental Congress concerning the matter." Franklin replies 
the same day : " I have not the least intention to quit the 
province; nor shall I, unless comiicllcd by violence." I!ut 
meanwhile, as the required pledge had not been given, he 
stationed his sentinels at the governor's gate, " to assist him 
in keeping his resolution." This calls out an indignant 
letter the next d.iy, Januaiy 9th, which concludes with this 
significant sentence : " However, let the aiuhority, or pre- 
tence, be what it may, I do hereby require of you, if these 
men are sent by your orders, that you do immediately 
remove them from hence, as you will answer the contrary at 
your peril." To this he instantly replied : " As you, in 
a former letter, say you wrote nothing but what was your 
duty to do as a faithful officer of the crown ; so I say, 
touching the sentinels placed at your gate, I have done 
liothing but what was my duty to do as a faithful officer of 
the Congress." The situation of Franklin was uncomfor- 
table enough, since on the loth of January, Lord Stirling 
sent a message to him by the oiUspoken Winds, " which 
kindly invited him to dine with me at this place," Eliza- 
belhtown ; and such was the decision of the messenger, 
that " he at last ordered up his coach to proceed to this 
place." The intervention of Chief Justice Smyth, who pre- 
vailed on him to make the promise which Winds demanded, 
saved the governor from a disagreeable ride, under a guard, to 
Elizabelhtown. From Franklin's second letter to him, it 
comes to light, incidentally, that he was not only a Lieuten- 
ant-colonel, but an elected representative also of the people 
of Morris in the Assembly. From December 3ist, 1775, to 
January 14th, 1776, his troops were on duty around Perth 
Amboy and Elizabethtown ; on the I4lh of that month they 
searched Slalen Island for tories, and on the iSth m.irched 
from Bergentown to New York city, llience to Hellg.ite, 
Newtown, Jamaica, and Rockaway, on Long Island, always 



stood sentry over a .ship lately taljen from the encjny. I" 
February of this year he infoimed Congress that he was sta- 
tioned at Perth Amboy with a part of the Eastern Battalion 
of the Continental forces ; that he was destitute of ammu- 
nition ; and that he stood in pressing need of speedy 
supplies. Congress, by their President, then requested the 
committee of Somerset county to furnish him with four 
quarter-casks of powder, and the committee of Middlesex 
county to furnish him with one hundred and fifty pounds of 
lead. On Thursday, March 7lh, 1776, he was promoted to 
the Colonelcy of the 1st New Jersey B.ittalion ; and the 
news of his promotion was accompanied with a special and 
flattering letter from John Hancock. From the depositions 
of several soldiers applying for pensions is gathered the fact 
that, early in May, 1776, his regiment set out to join the ex- 
pedition against Canada, in which Montgomery lost his life 
the previous year; it proceeded as far as the town of Sorel, 
if not to Three Rivers. In the following July he took post 
on the Onion river, under instructions fiom General Sulli- 
van, for the purpose of protecting the inhabitants of the sev- 
eral towns in the New Hampshire grants. The journals of 
the Provincial Legislature show that on February 3d, 1777, 
he was, by the joint meeting, elected Colonel of the West- 
ern Battalion of Militia in the county of Morris, " lately 
commanded by Colonel Jacob Drake ; " and that on March 
4th, 1777, he was elected by ballot a Brigadier-General of 
the Militia of New Jersey. Previously, on the 6lh of 
November, 1776, he had left Ticonderoga and was after- 
ward with Washington during his retreat. During the 
summer of 1777 he was stationed on the North river, to aid 
in preventing a junction between Burgoyne's army from the 
North, and that of Sir Henry Clinton from New York. In 
1778 he was for several months in active service in the region 
of Elizabethtown and Hackensack, and during this time 
several severe skirmishes were fought with the enemy. 
After the battle of Monmouth he led a detachment of troops 
to Minisink, on the Delaware, to repel a threatened incur- 
sion of Indians; and during the remainder of the summer 
and fall guarded the lines on the Passaic and Hacken- 
sack with noteworthy courage and prudence. On several 
occasions he attacked the enemy, and repulsed them in all 
their attempts to cross the rivers. The venerable David 
Gordon, when ninety-one years of age, once repeated to Rev. 
Joseph F. Tutlle a speech made by him during the campaign, 
which is sufficiently characteriblic. The troops were at 
Acquackanonk ; and one Sabbalh morning he paraded, and 
thus addressed them : " Brother-soldiers, to-day by the 
blessing of God, I mean to attack the enemy. All you that 
are sick, lame, or afraid, stay behind, for I don't want sick 
men, lame men can't run, and cowards won't fight ! " He 
subsequently managed so adroitly an attack on a party of 
Hessians as to take, according to one witness, thirty, and ac- 
cording to another, seventy prisoners, near Connecticut 
Farms, perhaps in Elizabethtown. In the following year he 



in pursuit of todies. On the asd, at Elizabelhtown, he I was << not much in active service," and, owing to the feeling 




^^Hd 




^^^ 



^^&7^,. 



r.IOGRArillCAL EN'CYCI.Or.F.DIA. 



4S5 



excited against him in conneclion with the I)attle o( Mon- 
mouth, lesigneil his commission as a Brigadier-General. 
His resignation bears date of June loth, 1779. From tliis 
time he is not to be considered as a memlier of the active 
army, but did not desert his country's cause. When the 
battle of Springfield was fought in 17S0 he was present, and 
did good service. In 17S1 also he was instrumental in fur- 
thering the aims of his fellow-countrymen. When Wash- 
ington was driving Cornwallis before him, and had begun 
the siege at Yorktown, it was deemed of the highest neces- 
sity to keep the Brilish in New York until the arrival of the 
French fleet in the Chesapeake should cut off Cornwallis' 
retreat by water. Lafayette, accordingly, was sent to make 
a great demonstration on the enemy in New York. For this 
purpose he began to collect all the boats in the surrounding 
waters, even seizing those above Patterson Falls, on the 
Passaic, These were carried on wagons to be launched at 
Elizabethtown, apparently for an attack on St.aten Inland. 
On one particular night the rain poured down furiously and 
in torrents, and several of the wagons broke down at Crane- 
town (West Bloomfield). These annoyances filled Lafay- 
ette with great vexation. *' General Winds was then in com- 
mand of a detachment, and performed excellent and efficient 
service in aiding to better the general condition of things. 
His voice vied v.ith the tempest as he cheered and directed 
his men." In 17S8 he, with William Woodhull and John 
Jacob Faesch, were elected by Morris county to the State 
Convention which ratified the present Constitution of the 
United States. On the 12th of October, 1789, he died, of 
dropsy in the chest. He had in his family, at the time of 
Ills death, one of his soldiers, named Phelps. This man in- 
sisted that his old commander should be buried with the 
honors of war, although opposition was encountered in some 
quarters. Accordingly, Captain Josiah H.iII, who had fre- 
quently served under him, assembled a company of his for- 
mer soldiers, and he was finally buried in accordance with 
military customs. 



•UTCIIINSON, MAIILON, La«7er, was born. 
May loth, 1823, in the city of Philadelphia, 
Pennsylvania, and is a son of the late R.andel 
Hutchinson, Jr., who married Mary Keeler, both 
natives of that State ; the former being of Welsh 
descent, while the latter was of German line.age. 
Mahlon received his preliminary education at the Lawrence- 
ville High School; he subsequently entered Piinceton Col- 
lege in 1S40, and remained there until 1841. Having de- 
termined to embrace the legal profession, he entered as a 
student the office of the Hon. Henry W. Green, with whom 
he remained until he completed the prescribed course of 
reading; and w.is licensed as an attorney in 1S45, and as 
counsellor in 1854. He immediately entered upon the 
practice of his profession, locating at Bordentown, where he 
has remained ever since engaged in legal pursuits, and has 



the control of an extensive and lucrative line of patronage. 
In 1853 he was elected on the Whig ticket a member of the 
Legislature, from the First district of Burlington county; 
that being the first year when the district system w.as adopted 
in that county. AVliile a member of the House in 1853 and 
1854, he served on several important committees, chief 
among them being those on the Judiciary, the Educational 
and on the Insane Asylum; he declined a nomination for 
the year 1855. He was appointed in i860, by Governor 
Olden, Prosecutor of the Pleas for Burlington county, which 
position he retained for five years. He h.as likewise been 
commissioned as one of the Commissioners of the Supreme 
Court of New Jersey. Also United States Commissioner, 
and in addition, holds the position of a Master and Exam- 
iner in Chancery. He has served as a member of the 
Public School Board for three years, and at the present 
time is President of the Board of Trustees of the Borden- 
town Female College. He has been for the past eighteen 
years a Director of the Bordentown Bank ; and is also a 
Director of the First National Bank of Trenton. He has 
ever taken an active interest in the aflTairs of his adopted 
State, especially in connection with the various lines of 
railway, which have been constructed within the past twenty- 
five years. Since the disintegration of the Whig party he 
has affiliated with the Republican organization. He w.as 
married, Febru.ai-y 23d, 1S4S, to Amy N., daughter of Caleb 
Shreeve, of Burlington county. 



cKISSACK, WILLIAM D., late of Millstone, 
Somerset county. New Jersey, was born in Som- 
erset county, and was the only son of Dr. William 
I j-s McKissack, long an eminent pmctitioner at Bound 

o ai « Brook, and a zealous Whig during and after tiie 
revolutionary war. His education was the best 
that the country afforded, beginning with a careful school 
course at Basking Ridge; continuing with a full collegiate 
course at Princeton, whence he graduated in 1802; with 
oflice study in medicine under the famous Dr. Nicholas Bel- 
viile, of Trenton, and with medical lectures in New York. 
In the latter part of 1S05, or the early part of 1S06, he en- 
tered upon practice at Pittstown, Hunterdon county, but at 
the end of some two years removed thence to Millstone, 
where for something over forty years he was the leading 
representative of his profession. He was a prominent mem- 
ber of the New Jersey State Medical Society, being for 
twelve years Recording Secretary of that organization, and 
serving also as Vice-President and (in 1S26) as President. 
In the Somerset County Medical Society he was likewise a 
leader, filling at various times the several offices, and taking 
an active part in the conduct of the affairs of the society. 
During the war of 1S12 he was commissioned Captain of a 
company of volunteers raised for the defence of the .State, 
and after the war remained in the militia and eventually 



4S6 



BIOGRArillCAL ENXVCLOr.EDIA, 



became a Brigadier-General. In 1835-36 he was a member 
of the State Legislature. Bothprofessionally and socially he 
was highly esteemed, his liberal habit of practising without 
fee among his poorer patients rendering him especially 
popular. He married Margaret, only daughter of Peter 
Dilniars, of Millstone, having by this marriage five chil- 
dren. He died March 6th, 1853. 



MITH, ABRAHAM CARTEXTER, M. D., 
Banker, of Bloomsbuiy, Hunterdon county, only 
son of William B. and Elizabeth Smith, was born 
in Greenwich townshij), Warren county. New 
Jersey, December nth, 1840. Having received 
a carefid preparatory education, he entered 
Lafayette College and was graduated thence B. A. Shortly 
after his graduation he began the study of medicine, and, 
ufter office-study and a collegiate course, received his degree 
of M. D. For some years he was engaged in praciice at 
Mauch Chunk, Pennsylvania, but upon the foundation of 
the Bloomsbury National Bank, he relinquished his profes- 
sion in order to accept the position of Teller, tendered him 
by the Board of Directors of that corporation. This posi- 
tion he continues to retain, holding in financial alfairs a 
leading position. 



(5 Co 

i'Y«|ALENTINE, HON. CALEB H., Lawyer, of 

^ J 1 1 Hackeltstown — a grandson of Judge Caleb H. 
if I I Valentine, who, previous to his elevation to the 

Qi~/f<? bench of the Court of Errors and Appeals, was 
pv^ successively a member of the lower and upper 
houses of the New Jersey Legislature — was born 
at Hackettstown, July 22d, 1838. Having been prepared 
for college under the tutorship of the Rev. H. N. Wilson, 
D. D., pastor of the Presbyterian Church of his native 
town, he entered Y<ile, and was graduated thence B. A. in 
1863, ex-Governor Chamberlain, of South Carolina, being 
one of his classmates and fellow-graduates. Shortly after 
leaving college he began the study of law in the office of J. 
G. Shipman, Esq., of Belvidere, and at about the same time 
was commissioned Colonel of the 3d (militia) Regiment of 
Warren county. In 1865 he temporarily relinquished his 
legal studies for the purpose of visiting the oil regions of 
Pennsylvania, and here, by judicious speculation, he in a 
short time acquired a handsome competency. Returning 
to Belvidere, he resumed his course of reading and in 1869 
was admitted to the New Jersey b,ir. On being licensed 
he established himself in Hackettstown, where he rapidly 
acquired a large practice, and is now regarded as one of the 
leading barristers of the county, being especially successful 
with cases in the criminal courts. During the past few 
years he has devoted a considerable portion of his fortune 



to the purch.ise and improvement of landed properly, and 
is at present one of the most extensive owners of improved 
real estate in Warren. His social and profession.al promi- 
nence has n.aturally led to his selection as county Rcpresent- 
■ilive in the Stale Assembly, and in 1S69-70-71 he did 
good service in the Legislature. He was one of the 
originators and a most earnest promoter of the present ad- 
mir.ible free-school system, the adoption of which has done 
so much honor to New Jersey ; showing in his labors for 
this, and other measures of scarcely less importance, a 
liberal and far-seeing statesmanship. In 1S76 he was 
named as a candidate for Representative from the Fourth 
Congressional District of New Jersey, but as Somerset 
county claimed the right of nomination, he withdrew his 
name and heartdy supported the Somerset nominee. From 
early manhood he h.-is been a consistent member of the 
Democratic party, holding that personal claims should not 
be pressed at the risk of parly success — a belief the honesty 
of which was sufficiently established in the inst.^nce just 
mentioned. He married, in 1S63, Miss Russling, daugh- 
ter of Robert Russlinr;, Esq., of Hackettstown. 



n, 






^^ORTER, EDMUND, M. D., late of Frcncht 
(f . I 

' " Hunterdon coun'.y. New Jersey, was born in 

Hadd.am, Connecticut, June iSlh, 1791. His 
medical education was received in New England, 
and shortly after being licensed to practise he 
settled in Easton, Pennsylvania. He thence mi- 
grated to Union county in the same .State; then drifted 
down to the West Indies, and finally, returning lo North 
.\merica, established himself in June, 1820, .it Frenchtown, 
where he remained until his de.ath, on the 1 2th of July, 
1826. In 1821 he was one of the founders of the Hunter- 
don County Medical Society, and was one of the first dele- 
gates from that body to the Medical Society of New Jersey. 
In practice he was generally successful, was of a cheerful, 
sanguine temperament, and was extremely popular in the 
community where the latter part of his life was p.assed. lie 
was twice a candidate for the Assembly, and on being put 
in nomination the second time, was elected. In all matters 
relating to his profession he was exceedingly methodical, 
keeping a regular set of books, in which he noted all his 
cases, giving symptoms, disease, prescriptions, medicine 
actually administered, quantity, doses, effects produced 
from day to day, and result ; also a record of the daily st.ite 
of the weather, with the efi'ects of changes upon his pa- 
tients. He was for the times a voluminous writer upon 
medical, political and miscellaneous subjects, contributing 
quite largely to the medical and newspaper press of the day. 
Not content with writing for the present, he cherished a 
desire to write for posterity, and to this end deposited in the 
cellar wall of a house built for his use in Frenchtown, in 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 



4S7 



1823, a envious document, from which are extracted the 
following paragraphs : " To futurity I address myself, in the 
year of our Lord 1823. Perhaps this memento may be of 
service or curiosity to future generations, if found among 
the rulibish of this mansion erected by order of Edmund 
Porter, M. D., physician and surgeon ; member of and 
principal founder of the Medical Society of Hunterdon 
County, New Jersey ; licentiate of the Connecticut Medical 
Society, also of the Medical Society of St. Bartholomew's 
(West Indies), and Union Medical Society, of Pennsyl- 
vania, and author of a number of medical essays, political 
pieces, to be found in the A'eia York Medical Repositoiy and 
American Medical '/Recorder, the AVtc England jfoiintal 
of Medicine, and in the newspapers, viz., the Trenton 
True American, The Spirit of Pemisyhania, the Eastern 
Sentinel, etc., etc." Under the heading, " existing facts," 
he briefly writes : " James Monroe, President of the United 
States. W. 11. Williamson, Governor of New Jersey." 
Then follows a long list of the names of the several persons 
engaged in the building of the house, " previously to the 
deposition of this memorandum in the cellar wall;" the 
" architects of this building," the " persons who assisted at 
the several parties in digging Seller, tending masons, quar- 
rying stone and caning the same." Then, launching out 
into the broader sphere of contemporaneous history, he con- 
tinues : " The 4th of July is to be celebrated in this town 
on the approaching anniversary, it being the forty-seventh 
of -American independence. William Voorhis and John 
Clifford, Esquires, and S.imuel Powers and David R. War- 
ford, presidents and vice-presidents of the day. Dr. Albert 
Tyler is to deliver the or.ition, Dr. Luther Towner the in- 
vocation, and the Hon. Joshua B. Colvin is to read the 
Declaration of Independence. The Rev. Mr. Hunt is re- 
quested to make a short address. Captain John Scott is 
appointed marshal of the d.ay, and Captain Ezra Brewster 
will appear with the Kingwood Uniform Company, equipped 
and in uniform. A dinner, toasts, music, and the roar of can- 
non to conclude the festivities of the day." Then follows this 
brief autobiography : " Edmund Porter was born in Haddam, 
Connecticut, June l8th, 1791, emigrated to Pennsylvania in 
1815, married Mary More, September the 2Sth, 1S16. 
Have three children [names and d.ites of birth]. Com- 
menced the practice of medicine in this town, June loih, 
1S20. Intermitting fever makes its appearance after an 
absence of twenty years ; has been common along the banks 
of the Qelaware river, and dysenteria interiorly ; charcoal 
pulverized proved a useful adjunct in the latter complaint." 
His fondness, already mentioned, for recording meteoro- 
logical oliservations, crops out in a paragraph to this effect : 
'• The seasons for five years past have been remarkably Ary. 
The present year, 1823, has thus far been cold and in- 
clement; frost and ice seen on the 5th and 6th of May. 
Crops look well, June 1st." In conclusion he adds : 
" Tinder of this document, know that I wrote it to amuse ; 
if it should afford you any, remember the end of all tilings, 



and prepare yourself to die, as .ill of us have done whose 
names you see enrolled on this memorial. We all of us 
had our virtues and vices ; each of us was of service to 
society in their several capacities in life. We are no more. 
We look to future generations to preserve unimpaireil the 
liberty and inde|)endence which thus far we have assisted lo 
perpetuate at the risk of our lives and fortunes. This voice 
from the tombs admonishes you to do the same as we have 
done for you ! ! ! Farewell." His deposit in his " seller 
wall " did not remain hidden nearly so' long as he had in- 
tended, a party of investigative antiquarians taking it upon 
themselves some twenty-five years ago to discover his 
records. According to their own statement this was done 
in the interest of historical and archa;ological research. 
Of Dr. Porter's children, none, it is believed, now survive ; 
nor has he any living descendants. His portrait, presented 
by a collateral relative, is in the possession of the Hunterdon 
County Medical Society. The several record books, in 
which the history of his professional life was so carefully 
set forth, and which would now be verit.able medical curi- 
osities, have unfortunately been lost. 



^^ ERGEANT, LAMBERT H., Lawyer, and Mayor 
of Lambertville, New Jersey, was born in 1841, 
near Flemington in that State, and is the son of 
Gcrshom C. Sergeant, who was engaged in agri- 
cultural pursuits ; the family is of German lineage. 
Young .Sergeant until his eighteenth year assisted 
his father in the management of the farm, and attended also 
the public schools of the neighborhood, subsequently enter- 
ing the Flemington High School, where he completed his 
education after a tv/o years' course in that institution. 
With a view of acquiring first-class legal attainments, he 
became a student hi the office of B. Van Syckel, now Judge 
of the Supreme Court, where he passed four years ; and 
subsequently entered the l.iw department of the University 
of Albany, from which institution he graduated as Bachelor 
of Laws in May, 1S6S. He then returned to the office of 
Judge Van Syckel, where he remained until the November 
term of the Supreme Court, and was then admitted to the 
New Jersey bar. In December, 1868, he removed to Lam- 
bertville, where he opened an office and commenced the 
practice of his profession; and his attainments, together 
with his high integrity of character, soon won for him the 
confidence of the public, and as a consequence he was re- 
warded with a large share of legal business of the county. 
In 1873 he was appointed, by the Common Council, City 
Solicitor, and reappointed in April, 1876. In 1874 he was 
nominated by the Democrats of the city of Lambertville .as 
their candidate for Mayor, and was elected by a large 
majority. Again, in 1875, he was renominated by the same 
organization, and re-elected by an increased majority, 
although the m.njority of the ticket was defeated. He was 



4S8 



EIOGRAnilCAL EXCYCLOr.KDIA. 



elected a third time, in 1S76, and still holds the position. 
He has the control of an extensive practice, not only as a 
business lawyer, but also in litigated cases. He is shrewd 
and efficient in the management of a c.-ise, preparing it thor- 
oughly, and always brings it before court in the most pre- 
sentable manner. He was married, May 6th, 1874, to Sadie, 
daughter of William Scarborough, of New Hope, Pennsyl- 
vania. 



^OE, REV. AZEL, D. D., Revolutionary Tatriot, 
late of Woodbridge, New Jersey, was a native of 
Long Island, whence he removed to New Jersey 
for the purpose of becoming a student in Prince- 
ton College. In 1760 he was licensed by the 
Presbytery of New York, and two years later was 
ordained. In 1763 he became pastor of the Presbyterian 
Church at Woodbridge, New Jersey, afterward connected 
with Metuchen. During the revolutionary contest he 
proved his patriotism in many ways and on many occasions. 
The part of New Jersey in which he resided was constantly 
annoyed by marauding parties sent out from the British 
forces stationed at Staten Island. On one occasion a brave 
Continental captain, who had done great execution in 
drivin<' off or annoying those predatory bands, was very 
anxious to attack a party which had encamped near the 
Blazing Star Ferry, but could not induce his men to follow 
him. As many of them belonged to his congregation, he 
determined to bring into action the influence their pastor 
might possess over the weak and wavering, and ask his 
assistance. "Accordingly he called and stated his difficulty, 
and found Mr. Roe more than willing to second his efforts. 
The "ood minister accompanied the captain to the place 
where his men were, and addressed a few words to them, 
exhorting them to their duty, and enforcing his exhortation 
by telling them that it was his purpose to go into the action 
himself. And into the action he went, every man following 
readily. But when the bullets began to fly among them, 
they promised that, if he would keep out of harm's way, 
they would do the business for the enemy. And seeing that 
their spirits were sufficiently excited, he did retire, and, as 
he afterwards acknowledged, very much to his own com- 
fort." One night the tories united with the British, and, 
seizing him while with his family, carried him off as a 
prisoner to New York, where he was lodged in the famous 
" Sugar-House." As they were on their w.iy to New York, 
it was found necessary to ford a small stream. The officer 
in command," who seemed to have taken a fancy to Mr. 
Roe and treated him politely, insisted that the captured 
minister should allow him to carry him over on his back. 
When they were about the middle of the stream, Mr. Roe, 
who relished a joke and w.is not wanting in ready wit, s.-iid 
to the officer : ' Well, sir, if never before, you can say after 
this, that you were once priest-ridden.' The officer was so 



convulsed with laughter that he had well-nigh fallen under 
his burden into the water." When they arrived in New 
York, an excellent breakfast was sent him by the father of 
Washington Irving, who had been informed of his capture 
and imprisonment. He was a Trustee of the Princeton 
College twenty-nine years, from 177810 1807. In 1800 the 
honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred on 
him by Yale College. His preaching was distinguished for 
substantial excellence, rather than for those qualities which 
attract and dazzle the multitude; and he was universally 
and highly esteemed as a pastor, and was in charge of the 
same flock for fifty-four years. He died in November, 1815. 



ELVILLE, NICHOLAS, M. D., late of Tren- 
ton. This eminent physician was born in France 
in 1752, was educ.ited in that countiy, and in 
1781 emigrated to America. Settling at Trenton, 
he rapidly acquired a large practice, and in time 
came to be one of the medical pillars of the State, 
being constantly sought in consultation, and the favor of 
studying under his supervision being eagerly solicited by 
young men desirous of adopting medicine as a profession. 
His manner was quick and peremptory — occasionally to the 
hither verge of rudeness — but it was manner only, his 
nature being kindly to a degree. He was one of the 
founders (in 1S21) of the Hunterdon County Medical So- 
ciety (Trenton at that time being included within the 
limits of Hunterdon), and was of that society the first 
President. When Joseph Bonaparte was resident in Borden- 
town, he was the regularly appointed physician to the ex- 
king. His personal character was on a par with his profes- 
sional standing, his strict integrity, no less than his success 
as a physician, winning for him the respect and esteem of 
the community in which for half a century he lived. He 
died December 17th, 1831, and was buried in the grave- 
yard of the Presbyterian Church at Trenton, 



-Ir/fllLLV, JOHN, M. D., late of Lnmbertville, one of 
the most eminent physicians of Ea.st New Jersey 
during the first half of the present century, son 
of Samuel Lilly, Esq., barrister, was bom in Staf- 
fordshire, England, in 1783. His parents emi- 
grated to America while he was still a child, 
settling first in the city of New York, subsequently in 
Albany, and finally in Elizabeth, New Jersey. His father 
was for several years eng.iged as a teacher in New York and 
in Albany; while in the latter city he took holy orders, and 
j was for many years Rector of St. John's Episcopal Church 
I at Eliz.abeth. While in charge of St. John's, Lord Boling- 
! broke being then a resident of Elizabeth, he performed the 










■f^^t. c^^^^fr-i^ 



J^. 



c -O 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 



4S9 



marriage ceremony for that exotic nobleman. John Lilly, 
being desirous of entering the medical profession, was — 
after the custom of the time — apprenticed to Dr. Samuel 
Stringer, a prominent physician and surgeon of Albany, and 
after serving an apprenticeship of four years, was duly 
licensed as a practitioner in 1S07. During the ensuing 
year he w.is engaged in professional duty in Lansingburg, 
near Albany, but in 1808 removed to New Jersey, and 
established himself at Readington, Hunterdon county. 
Applying to the State Medical .Society for authority to prac- 
tise, he was examined by the then Board of Censors, of 
which the venerable Dr. Moses .Scott, of New Brunswick, was 
chairman ; and being found properly qualified, was niadj a 
licentiate of that organization. At this time he was married 
to Julia Moodie, a lady with whom he had become ac- 
quainted in Lansingburg, and who had come upon a visit 
to the Lane family, of Readington, shortly after his estab- 
lishment in that town. In the spring of 1S09, as the suc- 
cessor to Dr. Kroesen, then recently deceased, he finally 
settled at Lambertville (then called Georgetown), where, 
during the ensuing thirty-nine years, he remained actively 
engaged in the duties of his profession. In 1821 he was 

» to 1 ^ 

one of the founders of the Hunterdon County Medical So- 
ciety, and until his death was, through all its vicissitudes 
(including two actual disruptions), one of the mostjiromincnl 
and enthusiastic members of that body. He was President 
in 1825 and in 1847 ; Vice-President in 1823 and in. 1S46; 
Treasurer from 1836 to 1846; a member of the Board of 
Censors from 1S21 to 1825 inclusive, and in 1847-48; and 
was repeatedly a delegate to the annual conventions of the 
New Jei-sey State Medical Society. Of the State Society he 
was also a leading member, being Corresponding Secretary 
ia 1827, and again in 1832; a member of the Standing 
Committee in 1831, and a member and Chairman of the 
same committee in 1 847. Dr. John Blane, the able histo- 
rian of the Hunterdon County Medical Society, who was 
for many years his intimate friend, writes of him: "His 
mind and character were those of a refined gentleman ; 
scrupulously neat in his personal habits, pure and chaste in 
all his acts and words. The writer, during a close intimacy 
of nearly twenty years, during which he has seen him in all 
kinds of company, never heaid a word or an intimation 
pass his lips which could not have been uttered in the most 
refined circle. This purity and refinement was very promi- 
nent in all his writings, he being a frequent contributor to 
the peiiodicals of the day, and frequently appearing before 
his fellow-citizens in the character of a lecturer belore the 
local literary societies. As a physician he was very atten- 
tive to his patients; his judgment sound and clear, and his 
practice in emergent and dangerous cases prompt and ener- 
getic. He was not slow to adopt any new or improved 
mode of treatment, if it had the approbation of his judg- 
ment. His success was as marked as that of the most suc- 
cessful. He was always a stickler for the most rigid pro- 
fessional ethics. He never permitted himself to be betrayed 
62 



into the violation of the strictest code, and was not slow to 
condemn such violation on the part of others." As may be 
inferred from the foregoing, he was a man of decided re- 
ligious convictions; in early life he became connected with 
the Protestant Episcopal Church, and to the time of his 
death was a consistent member of that religious organiza- 
tion. For many years he was a Vestryman, and for a con- 
siderable period was Senior W.xrden of St. Andrew's 
Church, at Lambprtville. While by no means an active 
politician, he took much interest in politics, and in 1840-41 
was elected a member of the Legislative Council, a position 
th.at he filled with credit to himself, and to the satisfaction 
of his constituents. He died in June, 184S. 



EMI.SON, LEWIS, A. B., A. M., M. D., Physi- 
cian, of Bordentown, was born near Princeton, 
New Jersey, June loth, 1832. His father, Isaiah 
Jemison, a farmer, and his mother, Elizabeth 
"Tt"^ ■ (Major) Jemison, were both natives of New Jer- 
sey. His early education was received at the 
select school of George- W. Schanck, in Princeton, and 
when he had finished his preparatory course, in 1S49, he 
entered PrincetOrf'College." He was a close and successful 
student in college, and gr.aduated with honors in the year 
1S53. - After leaving college, he went to Haverstr.aw, New 
York, and taught for some time in the classical dep.Titment 
of the institute there. He had decided upon adopting the 
medical profession, r^nil at length g.ive up te.iching to enter 
upon the study of medicine. This he did in Princeton, in 
the office of Professor J. Stillwell Schanck, LL. D., now pro- 
fessor of chemistry in the College of New Jersey, at Prince- 
ton. Having completed his prelimlnaiy studies, he attended 
the regular course at the Univcrsiiy of Pennsylvania, at 
Philadelphia, and received his diploma in 1858. Being 
now a qualified practitioner, he removed to Hightstown, 
New Jersey, and commenced practice. He remained there 
but a short time, however, and then took up his residence 
in Bordentown, where he h.as since lived, actively engaged 
in the practice of his profession. His professional devotion 
has always been great, and his success as a practitioner re- 
markable. He is a patient student, a careful and exhaus- 
tive ijeader,-and, in addition to these eminent qualifications 
for success, he possesses peculiar natural talents, a quick 
insight, accurate judgment and trained skill. He rapidly 
gained a i.nrge and important practice, and to-day stands 
high in the confidence of the community, and in the regards 
of his professional brethren. He is a member of the Bur- 
lington County Medical Society, and w.as its Presidtr.t 
during 1870. He has never taken any active part in 
politics, but has devoted his lime and energies to his 
profession exclusively. He is the United .States Examining 
Surgeon in his section of the State for applicants for pensions 



490 



UIOGRAPIIICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIAi 



He was manied^ in 1859, to Martha D. Allison, of New 
York. She ilied April 4lh, 1S60, and he was again mar- 
ried, January 1st, 1863, to Rebecca S. Wray, of Phila- 
delphia. 



'CUDDER, HON. EDWARD W., Lawyer, and 
one of the Justices of the Supreme Court of New 
Jersey, is a native of Mercer county, New Jersey. 
He was admitted to the bar of the State in 1S44, 
at the September term, and was made counsellor 
in October, 184S. He practised extensively in 
all the courts of the State until 1S69, when he was ap- 
pointed by Governor Randolph one of the Justices of the 
New Jersey Supreme Court, and after serving a full term 
of seven years was reappointed by Governor Bcdle, in 
1S76, and is slill holding -tha jMsition, his tenure of which 
will expire in 1S83, His career as a lawyer and judge has 
been such as to add to the reputation and dignity of the 
New Jersey bench and bar, and consequently to the high 
estimation in which they are held throughout the United 
Slates. 



|cCOSH, REV. JAMES, D.D.LL. D., President 
of Princeton College, was born in Ayrshire, Scot- 
land, April 1st, 181 1. His father, Andrew Mc- 
Cosh, was a farmer on the banks of the Doon, 
respected for his intelligence and integrity. In 
1830 Andrew McCosh died, leaving a widow and 
seven children, six daughters and this son. The widow 
continued the farm and sent James to the parochial school. 
From here, at the age of thirteen, he was sent to Glasgow 
University, where he remained five years, applying himself 
V ith success to the study of philosophy. From Glasgow he 
went to Edinburgh University, where he had for his in- 
structor the eminent scholar and theologian, Dr. Chalmers. 
Another five years was passed at this university, during 
which time the youthful metaphysician wrote his " Essay 
on the Stoic Philosophy," which gained for him the hon- 
orary degree of Master of Arts, After leaving Edinburgh 
he continued the study of theology, begun at Glasgow, with 
Dr. Thomas Guthrie, the famous preacher. A year later, 
in 1834, he was licensed to preach the gospel in connection 
with the Church of Scotland, and soon afterwards he was 
ordained minister to Abby Chapel, Arbroath, in the eastern 
part of Scotland. His ministry here was very successful, 
terminating after three years of incessant labor in a call to 
the charge of the city of Brechin, a parish in Forfarshire, 
which he accepted. Even at this early date he w.as taking 
an acti.'e interest in church politics, and attracting attention 
by the breadth and liberality of his views. He was one of 
the little band of Scotch Presbj-terian ministers, led by Dr. 
Chalmers, who signed away their livings and founded the 



Free Church of Scotland. In 1845 he married a daughter 
of Alexander Guthrie, a physicii.n as eminent in his profes- 
sion as his brother, Thomas Guthrie, the divine — .McCosh's 
former teacher — w.as distingiii-hed in the ministry. The 
next five years were largely devoted to the sei'vice of the 
church which he had aided in establishing, but that he 
found time to continue his philosophic studies is evidenced 
by the publication, in 1848, of his first great work, "The 
Method of Divine Government, Physical and Moral," 
which at once attracted much attention, especially among 
metaphysicians, and gained for the author warm praise as 
well .IS criticism in Europe and America. He was soon 
after called (1851) to the Professorship of the newly created 
chair of Logic and Metaphysics in Queen's College, Belfast, 
which position he accepted and occupied until his removal 
to this country, in 1 868. The same year, 1851, he pub- 
lished an essay on "Typical Forms" in the North British 
Rn'iew, which he afterwards elaborated in connection with 
Dr. Dickie, also of Queen's College, into " Typical Forms 
and Special Ends in Creation." In 1S60 his " Intuitions 
of the Mind Inductively Investigated " brought him still 
more prominently into notice as a profound scholar and 
theological essayist. ** In this, as in his previous publica- 
tions, he diverges from the English school of I.ocke, by 
maintaining the existence and essential importance of 'a 
priori ' conceptions and^ beliefs. They are the conditions 
of an empirical and concrete knowledge, and without them 
ethics, theology and all the science are impossible. But 
by investigating these intuitions inductively, he claims that 
he departs from the method and avoids the results of the 
German transcendental school, shunning the two extremes 
of sensationalism and idealism. It is his aim to grasp and 
unite the truth in each. In this spirit he treats the topics 
which lie at the foundation C)f knowledge and faith, as time, 
space, quantity, power, idealty, causation, substance, being, 
the infinite, personality, freedom and moral worth." While 
at Belfast he also wr<ite and published " The Supernatural 
in Relation to the Natural," 1862; *' Examination of J. S. 
Mills' Philosophy, being a Defence of Fundamental Truth," 
1 866; and numerous articles fur the periodical press of the 
day, which won him great distinction as a keen controver- 
sialist, a ready logici.in and a master metaphysician. In 
1858 he visited Europe with a view to stu<iying the educa- 
tional systems obtaining in the great universities, especially 
in those of Germany. On his return the educational ques- 
tion in Ireland was occasioning much feeling, and he at 
once entered into the discussion with his accu-tt»med vigor. 
Indeed, during his sixteen years' residence in Ireland he 
was the devoted friend of the working classes, laboring for 
the extension of education and the social improvement of 
the people. His singleness and sincerity of purpose won 
him the respect even of those to whom he was opposed by 
his convictions. In 1866 he visited this country, making 
an extended tour and examining our several colleges and 
theological seminaiies. While at Princeton he read his 



EIOGRAnilCAL ENCVCLOP.F.DIA, 



4.91 



CS5ay on "The Melliod of Divine Government," which 
made a profiumd impression upon the trustees of the col- 
lege; and when the venerable Dr. Maclean signified his 
intention of severing his connection of over fifty years with 
that institution, Dr. McCosh was unanimously chosen to 
supply the presidential chair. He was elected April 29th, 
1868, and signified his acceptance the next month. When 
this was made known the college was universally congratu- 
lated on its acquisition, and the learned societies of Great 
Britain expressed their regrets at his loss to that nation ,ind 
their good wishes for his success in his new field of l.-ibor. 
Harvard College conferred upon him the degree of LL. D. 
He was inaugurated President of the College of New Jersey 
on the 27lh of October, 1 868, and entered upon the duties 
of his office immediately. In his in.iugural address, "Aca- 
demic Teaching in Europe," he presented the views of 
education which have since been followed at Princeton 
with such eminent success. He thoroughly identified him- 
self with the college, and was unremitting in his exertions 
to raise it to the highest standard of excellence. The course 
of study was reorganized, enlarged, and the standard of 
scholarship raised. A judicious adjustment of voluntaiy 
and elective studies was made. Incentives to study were 
added by the establishment of prizes and fellowships. The 
fruits of his labors are visible. Since 1868 the number of 
students has increased fifty per cent. ; nine fellowships and a 
Professorship of Modern Languages have been founded ; 
the material resources and accommodations have been en- 
larged and improved ; several new and imposing college 
buildings have been erected, one of these latter. Re- 
union Hall, commemorating the union of the Presbyterian 
churches. In college reform one of his first acts was to 
suppress the scandalous secret paper which used to be cir- 
culated just before commencement day ; a later and more 
radical change was the abolition of the secret societies, 
which, however, was not accomplished without considerable 
difficulty. Being at the head of the principal educational 
institution in New Jersey, Dr. McCosh also took a lively 
interest in the educational progress of the State, seeking to 
elevate and enlarge the public school system. In this pur- 
pose he delivered an address before the House of Assembly 
during the winter of 1S71, in favor of the establishment of 
a system of high schools. Shortly after this he was ap- 
pointed by Governor Randolph on an educational commis- 
sion for the revision of the school laws of (he State, and 
the suggestion of such amendments as this investigation 
might reveal a necessity for. This commission made a 
thorough and exhaustive report, suggesting reforms in this 
particular which will be of great benefit to the community. 
The movement to bring into closer relations all church 
organizations holding Presbyterian doctrines and using the 
Presbyterian form of government originated with Dr. Mc- 
Cosh. It may be said to have started at the tercentenary 
celebr.ition of the birth of John Knox, held in Philadelphia, 
in November, 1872. He stated at that time that there were 



20,000 congregations of Presbyterians, including the Re- 
formed churches, and 34,000,000 population. It had long 
been a favorite idea of his to bring these churches together 
in a Pan-Presbyterian council. He had written of the 
scheme to the HWi-fy yVfivra', of London, and had spoken 
of it to the Irish Presbyterian Assembly, and to the Old 
and New School Assemblies, at St. Louis, in l8(36. At the 
World's Conference of the Evangelical Alliance, held in 
New York, in October, 1873, a meeting of the Presbyterian 
delegates present was called by him, and their assent to the 
idea of confederation was secured. A committee, with Dr. 
McCosh at the head, was appointed " to correspond with 
individuals and with organized bodies, in order to ascertain 
the feeling of Presbyterians in regard to such Federal Coun- 
cil, and to take such measures as may in their judgment 
promote this object." This committee i.ssued an address 
to the Presbyterians of the world, asking each Presbyterian 
organization, " First, to express in a fvirmal manner its ap- 
proval of the object," .and, second, to appoint a committee 
to arrange for a convention to organize the federation ; and 
it also set forth the benefits that would result iVom the pro- 
posed union. The movement also received a great impetus 
from a visit which Dr. McCosh made to Europe in the 
summer of 1S74, during which he made frequent addresses 
in London and elsewhere in furtherance of the project. 
Concerning this visit he wrote : " My late visit to Great 
Britain was simply for the purpose of seeing my friends; 
but, being there, I put myself in connection, in an unofficial 
way, with persons interested in the scheme. I was happy 
to find that all the Presliyterian churches of the three king- 
doms, including the Established Church of Scotland, the 
Free Church of Scotland, the United Presbyterian Church 
of Scotland, the Covenanting Church of Scotland, the Pres- 
byterian Church of Ireland and the Covenanters of Ireland, 
the Welsh Calvinistic Church and the Presbyterian Church 
of England, have passed strong and decided resolutions on 
its behalf, and appointed committees with full power to 
carry out the grand design. I was able to hold quiet meet- 
ings in London, in Belfast and in Edinburgh, and I put the 
question in each place. What step are we to take next ? 
And in answer I got valuable suggestions, all pointing in 
the 5.ame direction. I may add, that I have had communi- 
cations from the French churches, the Belgian, the Swiss 
evangelical churches, the Waldensians ; from Dr. Dorner, 
of Berlin, and Professor William Kraft, of Bonn, and from 
distant Australia — all favorable. We need only the bless- 
i ig of heaven to secure success, and let us pray for that." 
One of the results of this visit w.as the formation of a com- 
mittee representing the State Church of Scotland, the Free 
Church of Scotland, the United Presbyterian Church, the 
Reformed Presbyterian Church, the Presbyterian Church 
of Ireland and the English Presbyterian Church, which 
committee had a session in November, 1874, and discussed 
the programme of the great meeting held in London, in 
July, 1875. This committee made a suggestion, which was 



492 



BIOGRAPHICAL EXCYCLOP.EDIA. 



acted upon, that the gathering should be strictly representa- 
tive, and should be composed of commissioners appointed 
by the churches. It also recommended that, in regard to 
the English-speaking churches, the Westminster Confession 
should constitute a doctrinal basis of union; but that, in 
regard to other churches having Presbyterian government, 
a general agreement with the Reformed symbols of doctrine 
should be required. On the 20lh of April, 1875, a com- 
mittee, under the presidency of Dr. McCosh, met in New 
York and adopted a draft of a constitution to be presented 
to the council in London for consideration. In this draft 
It was proposed that the alliance be called " The Confed- 
eration of the Reformed Churches holding to the Presby- 
terian System ; " but when the question was considered at 
the London council, in July, it was found that a large 
majority of the council preferred the title and form of an 
alliance, rather than a confederation, as less restricted in 
scope, and it was ultimately agreed that the alliance of all 
the Reformed churches throughout the world should be 
formed. The name given to the union, in accordance with 
this resolution, was the "Alliance of Reformed Churches 
throughout the World." Since his residence in the United 
States, Dr. McCosh has written several works ; notably, 
"Logic," 1869; " Christianity and Positivism;" "A Series 
of Lectures to the Times on Natural Theology and Apolo- 
getics," 1871; and "The Scottish Philosophy, Biographical, 
Expository, Critical ; from Hatchem to Hamilton," 1S74. 
The lectures mentioned above were originally delivered in 
New York, and being in refutation of the teachings and 
deductions of Huxley, Darwin, Spencer and that school of 
thinkers, evoked a very deep interest in the religious world, 
■where the work is very highly esteemed. Concerning his 
philosophy as compared with Sir William Hamilton, a 
writer says " it was what physiology is compared with 
anatomy ; while he did not lack the acuteness of the dia- 
lectician, he clothed his skeletons with flesh and blood, and 
they readily took their places as living organisms in the 
world of progress." His mental characteristics are given 
by Dr. Shedd in his introduction to Dr. McCosh's greatest 
work, " The Intuitions of the Mind Inductively Investi- 
gated." He says : " The first feature that strikes the reader 
is the fidelity of the author to his nationality in rejecting all 
idealism in philosophy, realism in perception ; that objects 
have an existence independent of the mind, that there is a 
substance in which properties inhere, that our perceptions 
of God, the soul, and even of infinity and eternity, are posi- 
tive, and not merely negative. These and such like are 
the positions taken by this writer with decision, and main- 
tained with power. In this particular we regard him as 
doing an excellent ser%'ice in counteracting the influence of 
some recent speculations which tend to unsettle all scien- 
tific thinking and to convert the hightest department of 
human thought into a sphere of airy and unreal fictions. 
Though holding a high estimate of philosophy as a branch 
of human inquiry, he does not fall into the error of those 



who suppose that it is capable of solving all problems and 

becoming a system of infinite knowledge In respect 

to the great theme of morals and religion. Dr. McCosh 
agrees with that lofty and influential class of thinkers from 
Pliny to Kant, who believe that genuine philosophy is in 
harmony with man's religious needs and instincts, and that 
these views of man are impossible without true views of 
God." A pen portrait of Dr. McCosh, as he appeared 
when he came to this country to assume the Presidency of 
Princeton College, sketches him as a tall, handsome man, 
with dark, penetrating eyes, a pleasant smile and most en- 
gaging manners. His forehead is high and clear, and his 
mouth indicates him as a man of great firmness and strength 
of will. He has just enough of the scholarly stoop to betray 
his sedentary avocations, yet his step is elastic, and in all 
respects he seems like a vigorous man, to whom the exer- 
cise of mental or bodily powers is never fatiguing. 



MITII, JOHN J.\Y, Librarian, Editor, Author, 
great-grandson of James Logan, of New Jersey, 
was born in Burlington county, New Jersey, June 
1 6th, 1798. From 1S29 to 1 85 1 he presided as 
Librarian of the Philadelphia and Loganian Li- 
braries. He is the author of " Notes for a His- 
tory of the Philadelphia Library Company," published in 
1S31; "Guide to Laurel Hill Cemetery," published in 1844; 
"A Summer's Jaunt," two volumes, published in 1846; 
"AiTierican Historical and Literary Curiosities," published 
in 1861 ; and, in the " National Portrait Gallery," of lives 
of Franklin, Rittenhouse, Keaton, Montgomery and A. 
Washington. He has also been engaged extensively in 
editing various works and periodicals : The Saturday Btil- 
letin, 1830-32 ; The Daily Express, 1S32 ; " Waldie's Select 
Library," 1S33-49; "Waldie's Portfolio," two volumes, 
quarto; "Smith's Weekly Volume," 1845-46, three vol- 
umes ; Walsh's National Gazette and Downing' s Hortiezil- 
twist, 1855-60. He is a man of varied and scholarly at- 
tainments; is fond of antiquarian research, an<l through long- 
continued study of the earlier annals of the States has grown 
to be a recognized authority on the subject of American and 
colonial literature and history. 



AMPBELL, GEORGE, M. D., late of Frenchtown, 
Hunterdon county. New Jersey, son of James 
Campbell, was born at Newtown-Stewart, county 
Tyrone, Ireland, August 15th, 1758. He was 
educated at the University of Dublin, entering 
the medical department after graduating from the 
department of arts, and being during the time that he at- 
tended medical lectures an office student with Dr. Mc- 




/<^ 

U (S^-^ 



-^^i&s-. 



'^<D 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOr.EDIA. 



493 



Farling. He received his degree of M. D. while the 
American war of the Revolution was in progress; and 
sympathizing heartily with the cause of the rebel colonies, 
he immigrated to this country and entered the Continental 
army. He was soon promoted to be Surgeon, and in this 
capacity served until peace was declared. When the army 
was disbanded, he settled at Frenchtown, where his excep- 
tionally thorough education, and his extensive surgical ex- 
perience during the war, combined to throw into his hands 
a very large practice. Here he married Rachel, youngest 
daughter of Jeremiah Thatcher, by whom he had two chil- 
dren. He remained actively engaged in his profession until 
1S12, when he was prostrated by a stroke of paralysis. 
From this he never entirely recovered, and his death, fol- 
lowing a second stroke, occurred in August, iSiS. 



[ENTLEY, PETER, Lawyer, late of Jersey City, son 
of Christopher and Eleanor (Althouse) Bentley — 
the former of English, the latter of Dutch descent 
— was born at Half Moon, Saratoga county. New 
York, September 7th, 1805. In his early youth 
lie was enabled to receive but little knowledge 
from books, only such as could be gathered during the win- 
ter months in a country school-house, and in the winter 
evenings by the mingled light of pine-knots and the broad 
open fire; but these scant advantages he utilized to the ut- 
most, and on the slender foundation that, even when best 
used, they afforded he reared in after life, by determined 
effort, the superstructure of a liberal English and a very 
fair classical education. Alternating with his brief days of 
schooling was the wholesome exercise of outdoor life and 
labor upon his father's farm ; and by the years thus spent in 
honest, hard work in the open air he acquired that physical 
vigor and endurance which gave him strength for his com- 
ing battle with the world. In 1S25, when twenty years of 
age, without the aid of capital, or that of the sustaining 
power of influential friends, he came to Jersey City. En- 
tering the establishment of Yates & Mclntyre, who at that 
time owned many of the lottery grants of the country, he 
acquired the art of printing, and was thus brought within 
the sphere of the movements of that period. Here he 
formed an acquaintance with the members of that firm, who 
were then prominent men, and, with some of their successors, 
he was on terms of friendship until they all passed away. 
The profession of the law then, as now, was regarded as the 
way to honorable distinction and fortune. Notwithstanding 
his limited means of early education he determined to enter 
a higher position. After remaining five years with Yates & 
Mclntyre, in the early part of 1830 he began the stuily of 
the law with .Samuel Cassedy, at that time the leading at- 
torney in the old county of Bergen, which stretched from 
Rockland county. New York, to Kill Von KuU. Not 



being an idle or mere formal student, he took charge of 
many of the details of office business. His preceptor gave 
him the business of the justices' courts. Affairs in that 
court were more important then than now. Personal prop- 
erly at th.at time was confined chiefly to mortgages, shares 
in banks and insurance companies, and the struggles in the 
justices' courts were often participated in by lawyers of the 
first talent in the .State. That was the training-ground fur 
the young professional aspirant; and six or twelve free- 
holders were often assembled before the magistr.ate as jurors, 
to settle controversies which now would be regarded as in- 
volving amounts too small to merit serious attention. Ear- 
nest, zealous, and pertinacious, he here made his mark and 
.attracted attention, and the Dutch descendants, who pre- 
dominated ill Bergen county, soon became acquainted with 
and appreciated his sterling qualities. The confidence that 
the Dutch thus early reposed in his ability and worth re- 
mained unshaken throughout his entire life. Squire Para- 
dise, as he was called, a peculiar and eccentric man, who 
had a personal deformity from a curvature of the spine near 
the neck, held his court as a justice of the peace in York 
street, at Pawles Hook; and Mr. Bentley, from his efficiency 
and zeal, while yet a law student, became the Attorney- 
General in that tribunal. His native sagacity and practical 
sense supplied the want of erudition ; and confidence, the 
parent of success, was here acquired. In 1833 he was 
Clerk of the Board of Select Men of Jersey City, that being 
the early title of the municipal corporation. He was ad- 
mitted to the bar of New Jersey in the May term of the 
Supreme Court, 1834, and took the degree of Counsellor in 
September term, 1839. He at once showed his sagacity. 
The Pawles Hook ferry was then at the foot of Grand 
street. On that street stood Billy Anderson's tavern, the 
proprietor of which was famous in those days for his humor 
and drollery, and along it p.assed all the travel to New 
York from the counties of Essex and Middlesex, and a 
large part of the county of Bergen. On this street, in the 
first square from the feriy, he purchased a lot and there 
erected a neat and commodious office. His success was 
almost immediate. Many matters of importance were in- 
trusted to him in the first few years of his practice, and his 
able management of these gave him a permanent standing 
at the bar. His Dutch clients constantly increased, and he 
invested their money on bond and mortgage ; managed and 
settled their estates when the ownership was changed l>y 
death, and money flowed into his hands from the simple 
reason that he showed th.it he could be trusted, and could 
display s.agacity in its use. He had an element of success 
which marks all able men. What he could not do himself 
he could find the right man to do, and he always in his 
cases showed his judgment by selecting the best assistants. 
He w.as essentially a manager of affairs. He came early in 
contact with the leading men in the profession, by call- 
ing in their assistance in the important cases in which he 
was engaged, and his practical judgment and acumen were 



494 



niOGRAPIIICAL EN'CYCLOP.tDIA. 



always most valuable aids in any controversy. He became i 
the attovney of the Select Men of Jei-sey City, and was [ 
engaged in the celebrated cause of The Select Men against 
Dummer, in which, in 1842, the doctrine of dedication by ; 
maps was decided. In 1843 he was elected M.iyor of 
Jersey City. Such a selection at that period was not so 
much a matter of party success as an expression of confi- 
dence and good-will among neighbors. In his temperament , 
he was earnest and zealous; and this quality imported force j 
and energy to his character. He had one rare quality to a 
rare degree. He stuck to his friends. He would turn out 
of his way to render assistance to those who, when he was 
struggling to rise, aided him; and the children of his bene- 
factors, unaware of the motives which impelled him, were 
frequently helped in the time of need. Though never 1 
claiming to be deeply read, he possessed a good working | 
library, and took pleasure in keeping it up. He was familiar 
with where to find the needed information, and with a few 
practical suggestions and directions, urged students to work 
out their own difficulties. His advice was sound and 
practical. He had a quick and excellent perception of the 
right of a case, and of its reasonable probabilities. He was 
noted for bringing about settlements, and fought his clients' 
b.attles as cunningly and with as much tact, ingenuity and 
success in ofTice conferences as many others do before the 
court. His shrewd judgment of the probabilities of suc- 
cess was well shown (in 1843) in his adoption, with persist- 
ent energy and confidence, of the celebrated case of Mrs. 
Eell, involving the question of the right of the State to 
lands below high-water mark. After twelve or fourteen 
years of contest, in which he secured the aid of some of the 
ablest counsel in the State, and when it seemed likely that 
final success in the United States Supreme Court would 
justify his views, a satisfactory settlement was reached. 
The sale of the valu.able rights in question to the Long 
Dock Company initiated the series of v.ast improvements 
which now line the Jersey City shores for miles, and what- 
ever may be said of the sure result, sooner or later, of the 
natural advantages of this shore, the persistent energ)' of 
Mr. Bentley greatly aided in hastening the advent of these 
improvements. Banking facilities thirty years ago were 
rare in Jersey City. The old North River Bank, in Green- 
wich street, was generally the resort of Jerseymen on the 
west banks of the Hudson. The banking enterprises in 
Bergen county had generally been disastrous. The Hudson 
County Bank was founded in the year 1S51, and Mr. Bent- 
ley conceiving the need of another institution, and having, 
as already stated, the confidence of capitalists, organized 
the Mechanics' and Traders' Bank in the year 1853, and 
became its President. He evinced in that position his usual 
ability, and though he retired from that office on account 
of the conduct of others, who did not fully appreciate the 
delicacy of their position, the institution prospered under 
his management and won the confidence of the public. He 
became a prominent Trustee in the Provident Institution for 



Savings in Jersey City, and was its leg.al adviser to the time- 
of his death. His general advice was to invest in land, and 
instead of trusting to investments in corporations his maxim 
was, that he could best manage his own capital. In the 
purchase of lands, his preference was to acquire those on 
which there were some improvements, that interest and 
taxes might not alworb the value of the investment; a rule 
the soundness of which has been demonstrated by the disas- 
ters of recent times. While in the pursuit of business he 
had a maxim, which with him was successful in practice : 
that to get in debt for that which was fully equivalent to the 
responsibility incurred, stimulated to exertion, and led to 
success. On the 13th of October, 1S42, he married Mar- 
garet E., daughter of John W. Holmes, of Jersey City, who 
was of English descent. His married life was harmoniouSf 
and he derived from that source an incentive to activity and 
progress. The .strength and confidence which a man of 
well-constituted mind derives from happy domestic relations 
lead to great exertions; and the conviction that disaster will 
wreck more than one introduces the elements of prudence 
and caution. In the year 1854 he made a purchase of lands 
on the w-estern slope of Bergen Hill, and there erected a 
commodious residence. This was his home for the remain- 
der of his life; and some relative, some friend or neighbor 
could daily be found under his hospitable roof. His wife, 
a lady of cultivated manners and kindly disposition, con- 
tributed her share to the entertainments. He had two chil- 
dren, a son and a daughter, and he lived to see his son eri' 
gage in the profession that he himself so long had honored, 
and to see his children's children grow up around him. 
He thus enjoyed that paternal pride which in imagination 
looks forward to future generadons to perpetuate a name, 
and to whom he could transmit the fruits of his labors. 
Opposed to municipal extravagance, Mr. Bentley took an 
active part in all those plans designed to protect property 
from uimecessary taxes and wasteful assessments. Finding 
that extravagant and unjust assessments, provocative of 
serious litigation, had been imposed on property in Jersey 
City, he conceived in 1873 the plan of creating a conimis- 
sion, to be composed of men of high character, who should 
be empowered to review all such cases, and adjust them on 
sound and equit.ible principles. With his usual energy he 
carried his project before the Legislature ; had a commission 
appointed, of which Judge Haines, who had been the Gov- 
ernor of the State, and Justice of the Supreme Court, was 
made the head ; and the result was a more just and proper 
distribution of the public burthens, and the assessments 
having been fairly established have been for the most part 
collected. Instead of shrinking from responsibility he was 
ever ready to oppose projects designed to oppress the prop- 
erty-holder, and on many occasions he showed how much 
success could be obtained by earnest and persevering effort. 
He was Treasurer of the Jersey City and Bergen Plank 
Road Company; a Director in the Gas Company, and at 
one time Treasurer ; and executed many trusts relative to 



LlOGRArmCAL EN'CVCLOP.EDIA. 



49S 



j^roperty where iiuliviiluals were concerned. He was also 
\ ice President of tlie Savings Uank of Jersey City. To- 
wards the close of Ins life he spent much time in travel ; 
visiting Euiope and the Pacific coast, and wherever he 
went nialving friends by Ins genial disposition. In politics 
he was originally a Democrat, and acted with that party; 
but no party ties were strong enough to control his action 
lu a direction which his conscience did notaj'prove; and 
Avhen, in 184S, the Democratic party, at the dictation of the 
South, proclaimed its purpose to force slavery into all our 
Territories, his free spirit revolted, and uniting with similar 
spiriLs in the Slate, he took an active part in organizing the 
" Free Soil " jjarly. Although the ticket then nominated 
recened at the election in Nuvcmbcr following but about 
one hundred and forty votes in the State, the principles of 
that party » hich he then advocated took deep root in the 
nation, and he lived long enough to see their complete tri- 
umph in the absolute overthrow of the haled institution of 
slavery. In the great struggle that led to this consummation 
the ii.alion contained no truer patriot or more staunch sup- 
]^irter than he. His patriotism, it is true, was not of that 
jioisy and boi.-.terous kind which characterized many who 
acquired a reputation for intense loyalty to the government, 
and found their reward in profitable contracts, moieties, and 
commissions; but of that quiet, retiring kind that watched 
passing events with intense interest, and spared not his 
wealth, when needed, to fill up and maintain our armies in 
the field. Afler the war was over he felt a deep interest 
and took an active p.irt in politics, continuing to within but 
a short period of his death to give to his city and Stale the 
benefit of his counsel in public affairs. He died September, 
1875. Peter Bentley was one of the active men who laid 
the foundations, who helped to plan the municipal corpora- 
tions, and draft the laws and charters upon which the insti- 
tutions of the county of Hudson have been reared ; as a 
lawyer he was possessed of great ability, as a man, of no 
less great integrity, and in all relations of life he so con- 
ducted himself that at his death he left to his children that 
most honorable of all heritages — an unsullied name. 



Jvir-alLI-ETTE. FIDELIO UCCKIXGHAM, M. D., 
of Plainfield, was born in Nile, Allegany county, 
I New York, October 30th, 1S33. He is a son of 
the Rev. Walter Cloomfield Gilletle, a Baplist 
clergyman. His grandfather and greatgrand- 
father were physicians, the latter having been a 
Huguenot, banished from France during the religious perse- 
cutions in that country. His family, indeed, has been 
noted for the numljer of physicians and preachers it in- 
cludes. When he was four years of age his father had 
charge of a Baptist church in Middlesex county, New Jer- 
-scy, in the public schools of which he received his early 
education. At the age of fifieeu he entered the Du Ruyter 



Institute, where he remained two years, attending subse- 
quently the Union Academy, from which he graduated in 
1853, entering the same year the medical department of the 
University of Pennsylvania, at which he graduated in 1856. 
On receiving his medical diploma he settled in Belleville, 
New Jeisey, and at once began the practice of his profession. 
Shortly afterwards he accepted an ajipointment as Surgeon on 
a New V'ork and Liverpool vessel, whicli, on the completion 
of his first round voyage in her, suffered an outbreak of yel- 
low fever while in quarantine, and, the assistant health officer 
failing to report, he volunteered to supply his place for the 
emergency, which he did so acceptably th.it, in recognition 
of his promptitude and efliciency, he was soon after ap- 
pointed to fill the place regularly, receiving a commissioii 
as Assistant Health Officer of the Port of New York. This 
position, so honorably conferred, he held for one year. The 
following year he spent in perfecting his knowledge of 
surgical dentistry, and in the spring of 1S58 settled .at 
Dantown, New Jersey, where he remained until the break- 
ing out of the civil war, when he was commissioned Assist- 
ant Surgeon of the gih New Jersey Volunteers, serving 
with the regiment in every engagement after the battle of 
Newbern till the close of the war, having meanwhile been 
commissioned a full Surgeon. He was mustered out with 
the regiment at Trenton, in August, 1S65. His parlialiiy 
for military service, however, survived the war, and induced 
him not to quit the army. In November of the same year, 
accordingly, he reported to Dr. Goodman, Medical Director 
at V'icksburg, and, receiving the contract of Acting Assistant 
Surgeon in the United States army, was ordered to Natchez, 
and placed in charge of the hospital there, in which capacity 
he served till the spring of 1868, when he was ordered to 
Texas as Medical Officer on the staff of General Gillem. 
Arriving at ,Galveslon, he was made Post Surgeon, filling 
the position for three months, after which he filled the same 
position at Indianola, where he remained until the post was 
broken up. Later he was Post Surgeon at Corpus Christi, 
at which, however, after a few monlhs, the post was aKo 
broken up; whereupon he crossed the plains with his family, 
who had joined him just before the close of the war, to 
Ringgold Barracks, near Camargo, and, afler remaining 
there a few months, proceeded to Brownsville, Texas. In 
July, 1S72, he resigned his position in the army, and, re- 
turning to New Jersey, settled in Plainfield, principally for 
the sake of securing educational advantages to his children. 
During the second year of his residence at Plainfield he 
was appointed City Physician, and in 1876 was appointed 
County Physician for the county of Union. The checkered, 
rough-flowing course of his professional career at last runs 
smooth in the midst of peace and its triumphs. He 
was married, in 1856, to Sarah E. McPherson, of Salem 
county. New Jersey. Whilst serving with the famous Third 
Division in Uie South he had the misfortune to lose his 
youngest d.aughter, who died at Greensborough, North 
Carolina. 



■J 



496 

^' " |ELCH, WILLIAM M., M. D., was born, Septem- 
ber I2th, 1837, in Bethlehem, Hunterdon county. 
New Jersey. His father was a farmer at Bethle- 
hem, the family being American as far back as it 
has been traced. He pursued his medicil studies 
in the University of Pennsylvania, from which he 
graduated in 1S59, settling the following year in Phil.^del- 
phia. He is a member of the Philadelphia County Medical 
Society, of which he was elected Treasurer in 1869; of the 
Northern Medical Association, of which he was President 
in 1S69; of the Pennsylvania Slate Medical Society; and 
of the American Medical Association. He~published in 
1S71-2 a Report on Epidemic Small-Pox, and has written 
a few papers, able though few, on medical topics. In the 
civil war he served for two years as Acting Assistant Sur- 
geon in the United States army. He has been one of the 
Attending Physicians to the Northern Home for Friendless 
Children, in Philadelphia, since 1S65; and in 1870 he was 
appointed Physician-in-charge of the Municipal Hospital. 
For five years he served as Attending Physician to the 
Northern Dispensary, to which he is now one of the con- 
sulting physicians. He was for five years a member of the 
Medical Board of the Charity Hospital. He was married 
in 1863. 



;ENNEDY, HON. HENRY R., ex-State Senator, 
was born at Kennedyville, Greenwich township, 
Warren county, New Jersey, on the loth of Jan- 
uary, A. D. 1815. He is the only remaining son 
of Judge Robert H. Kennedy, and grandson of 
Robert Kennedy, who was of Scottish descent, 
and emigrated to America with his father in 1748, and lo- 
cated fii-st near Tinicum, Bucks county, Pennsylvania; 
thence he removed in the year 1770 to Greenwich town- 
ship, Warren county. New Jersey, and finally settled on the 
Powhntcong creek, where he built a flour mill ; and when 
the Revolution against Great Britain occurred, Robert Ken- 
nedy placed himself and his mills at the service of his coun- 
try, acting in the capacity of Brigade Wagon Master under 
General Washington; filling orders for flour and feed from 
his mills to the army at Morristown and the Short Hills, 
discharging his duties faithfully during the war, and there- 
after lived a quiet and unostentatious life, loved and revered 
for his kindness and benevolence. He died in 1812, and 
was interred in Greenwich cemetery, where in a plot forty 
feet square lie the remains of General William Maxwell, 
Captain John Maxwell, Captain Benjamin McCuIlough, 
Conrad D.ivis, Thomas Kennedy and William Kennedy, 
br.ive and honored men of the Revolution. Rohert H. 
Kennedy, born in 1 787, succeeded to the beautiful home- 
s ead on the Powhatcong, being endowed with a kindly 
heart, which, in conneclion with his urbanity of manner and 
noble deportment, secured him the regard and esteem of 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 



all. He early became the ensample of benevolence in the 
Presbyterian Church, and every call of charity met his 
prompt response. He served his township and county in 
divers official capacities, and in 1835 was elected to State 
Council for Warren county, being returned for a term of 
four years, faithfully fulfilling the trusts confided to him. 
He died in 1859, and lies buried in the family plot in 
Greenwich cemetery. The mother of Henry R. Kennedy, 
the subject of this sketch, was the youngest daughter of 
John Key, Esq., who, with his brother Francis Key, the 
author of the " Star-Spangled Banner," took an active part 
for American freedom. Senator Kennedy was at an early 
age placed under the care and tuition of the Rev. John 
Vanderveer, of Easton, Pennsylvania, and completed his 
academic course at Rutgers College. He married in 1838 
a daughter of General John Frelinghuysen. Mr. Kennedy 
being gifted with a goodly portion of the genial tempera- 
ment and integrity of character so prominent in his father's 
career, early attained the respect and confidence of the 
community in which he has served. Reared in the Pres- 
byterian faith, he united with the church in early life. He 
has served in the capacity of Ruling Elder nearly twenty 
years, liberally and conscientiously discharging the impor- 
tant duties of the position. He h.is served in many official 
positions, and has won the trust and confidence of those he 
serves. In the year 1863 he was elected to the .Senate of 
New Jersey, and served three years in that body, to the sat- 
isfaction of his constituents. For a number of years he has 
been one of the Board of Managers of the Stale Lunatic 
Asylum at Trenton; is President of the Bloomsbury Na- 
tional Bank, and Chaplain of the H. R. Kennedy Lodge, 
A. F. and A. M., named in honor of him. 



A /in ^^'^' ^^^^''^'^^ LOUIS, M. D., wns born, Janu- 
Y J j I ary 19th, 1S36, at Crosswicks, Burlington county, 
(0 1 j I New Jersey. He is a son of Dr. George S. Duer, 
'^^^ of New Jersey, being of Scottish ancestry. He 
was educated at Vale College, from which he 
graduated in 1857, studying medicine at the Uni- 
versity of Pennsylvania, and graduating from the medical de- 
l»arlment of that institution in i860. For two years he was 
Resident Physician of the Philadelphia Hospital, after 
^^'hich he practised medicine with his father for one year, 
when he settled permanently in Philadelphia. His specialty 
is obstetrics and diseases of women. He is a member of 
the College of Physicians; of the Pathological Society; of 
ihe Obstetrical Society, and of numerous other societies. 
He has written only a few short papers, which, however, 
suffice to show that he should write more, as he doubtless 
will when increased years have somewhat abated his ardor 
in the practice for which, notwithstanding his fine attain- 
ments and thorough culture, he has a manifest and decided 



BIOGRAnilCAL EN'CVCLOr.KDIA. 



497 



preference. He was for three years Acting Assistant Sur- 
gejm in the United States army. He is Accoucheur and 
Clinical Lecturer on Diseases of Women and Cl'.ildren, and 
Visiting Physician to the Preston Retreat, as also to the 
State Hospital for Women. He was married, October 
29th, 1863, -to Miss Naudain, of Philadelphia. 



0(0 

i 



ONDICT, REV. IRA, Vice-President of Rutgers 
College, Trustee of Princeton College, late of New 
Jersey, was a graduate of Princeton, and, after 
^ the completion of his studies at that institution, 

(9{a engaged in teaching school in Freehold. He af- 
terward studied theology with Rev. John Wood- 
hull. In April, 1786, he was licensed by the Presbytery of 
New Brunswick, and in 17S7 installed pastor of the Pres- 
byterian Churches of Newton and Shappenac, New Jersey. 
In 1793 ^^ became pastor of the Reformed Dutch Church 
in New Brunswick. At the revival of Queen's College, 
afterwards Rutgers, in 1808, in effecting which he had an 
important agency, he was chosen Vice-President. Dr. 
Livingstone was the President, but the office was a nominal 
one, as he confined himself almost exclusively to his theo- 
logical professorship, so that his colleague was virtually the 
President untd his decease in iSlI. He h.ad a strong, ath- 
letic frame, and was considerably above the medium height ; 
liad dark eyes and hair, with an expression of countenance 
which indicated a vigorous mascuhne intellect. He was a 
man of great reserve and remarkable gravity. 






HANDLER, THOMAS BRADBURV, D. D., 
Protestant Episcopal Clergyman, late of Eliz.rbelh- 
town. New Jersey, was born at Woodstock, Con- 
necticut, April 26lh, 1726. He was a descendant 
of William Chandler, who, with his wife, Han- 
n.ah, and four children, Hannah, Thomas, John 
and William, came to this country from England, and set- 
tled at Roxbury, Massachusetts, in 1637. His son John, 
born in England in 1635, united in 1686 with several of his 
neighbors in the settlement of Woodstock, Connecticut, of 
the church of which he was chosen deacon, and where he 
died April 15'h, 1 703. Thomas' early years were spent on 
the paternal farm, and he graduated at Yale College in 
1745. Ill 1747 he was invited to serve as Catechist at 
North Castle and Bedford, Westchester county. New York, 
but declined in favor of .St. Peter's Church, Westchester. 
Immediately after the decease of Rev. Mr. Vaughan, how- 
ever, he went to St. John's, in Elizabeth, New Jersey, about 
the Isl of December, 1747, and, highly recommended, was 
appointed by the " Venerable Society," in May, 174S, their 
6? 



Catechist at Elizabethtown, New Jersey, on a stipend of 
ten pounds per year, the church obliging themselves, in case 
he should be a]ipointed to the mission, " to raise the sum of 
fifty pounds current money of the province per annum," in 
addition, and to provide him a convenient parsonage. On 
the Ilth of Decemlier, 1749, the church purchased of Cap- 
tain John Emott, step-son of Mr. Vaughan, and son-in-law 
of Elias Boudinot, Sr., for a hundred and sixty-two pounds, 
a parsonage lot of about four acres, with the old dwelling- 
house built in 1696-97 by Andrew Hampton. The wardens 
at this lime were John Halsted and Henry Garthwait, and 
the vestrymen William Ricketts, Jacob De Hart, Peter 
Trembly, Matthi.as De Hart, Jonathan H.ampton, and Mat- 
thias Williamson. During the same year Rev. Mr. Wood 
was appointed missionary to New Brunswick, with instruc- 
tions to " spend a Sunday or two every month at Elizabeth- 
town." At the close of May, 1750, that minister had made 
but two visits to the tosvn, his duty at New Brunswic1< per- 
mitting him to officiate there only on every fourth Sunday. 
The most urgent representations were then made to the 
society for a resident rector, one who could give them his 
whole time, and Mr. Chandler, in response, was appointed 
in 1750 to be their missionary at Elizabeth, if, upon his 
arrival in England, *' he shall be found worthy to be ordained 
a deacon and priest." Among the considerations urged was 
the fact that " the Dissenters in this town have five minis- 
ters settled, constantly to officiate in jntltlick, to visit them 
in private, ready to serve on any particular occ.ision, and, 
in a word, that are always in and among them." In the 
summer of 1 75 1 he repaired to England, was admitted to 
the priesthood by Dr. Thomas Sherlock, Bishop of London, 
and early in September sailed again for America, arriving 
at home, after a passage of nine weeks, about the ist of 
November. His salary was fixed at thirty pounds sterling 
from the society, and sixty pounds New Jersey currency, 
with a house and glebe from the people. At the close of 
1754 the congregation included eighty-five families, and the 
communicants numbered ninety. In 1757, during the prev- 
alence of the small-pox, he was prostrated by the terrible 
scourge, and did not recover from its ill effects for nearly 
three years. In addition to his labors here as parish priest, 
he performed a large amount of missionary work in visiting 
and ofliciating in the remote parts of the town back of the 
mountains, and in the town of Woodbridge. His ministr.a- 
tions at the latter place, at the commencement of the year 
1762, had rerpiired of him more than three thousand miles 
of travel, and nearly two hundred sermons, for all of w iiicli 
he had received in gratuities not more than five guineas. 
As he had been bred an Independent, and had in early 
youth become a convert to Episcop.acy, " it was natur.il for 
him to magnify the importance of the Episcopal peculiari- 
ties." With all the zeal, therefore, of a proselyte, he sought 
to widen rather tlian to narrow the breach between "the 
church " and " the meeting." This object he sought to 
promote principally by the circulation of controversial tracts, 



498 



piOGUAriiicAL E^'cvcLO^.^.DI.\. 



copies ot which he desired might be sent him from abroad. 
" Uut that supply being i)recarioiis, his own pen was pres- 
ently called inio action.'' On the occasion of Rev. George 
■\Vliilefield's visit to Elizabeth in November, 1763, he re- 
fused to grant him the use of his )iulpit. Popular as he was 
among all classes, this refusal created a division in the par 
i>h, and many people were offended at what they consid- 
ered a discourteous action. The nund)er of communicants 
was reduced to about seventy-five, of whom seldom more 
than fifty were gathered together at one lime. The revival 
of religion which prevailed in the town during 1764 also 
tended to embarrass him in his ministrations, opposed as he 
was to eveiything of the kind. Matters began to wear a 
more hopeful appearance at the close of the ensuing half 
year; the chuich services were belter attended, and an en 
Jargement of the parsonage was provided for by a generous 
•sub.scription. Cut, at the opening of the following year, 
]ie w* constrained, in consequence of the stamp act agita- 
tion, then at its height, to feel and say that " the duty of an 
lijiiscopal missionary in this country is now become more 
difficult than ever." While deprecatnig the continuance of 
the policy of the government, he still piofessed his fi.\ed 
resolution to abide by the cause of Parliament rather than 
by that of the people — a resolution from which he never 
swerved. In 1766 the University of 0.\ford conferred on 
Jiim, at the solicil.ation of Rev. Dr. Johnson, of New York, 
the degree of Doctor of Divinity. Up to this time he had 
.])ublished nothing. The struggle in reference to an Ameri- 
can Episcopate was now in progress, and exciting deep and 
.wide-spread interest. .Several pamphlets had already ap- 
peared on both sides, from the pens of Mr. Apthorp ftnd 
Drs. Johnson and Caner for, and of Dr. Mayheiv against 
the project. At the request of Dr. Johnson, whose infirmi- 
ties would not allow of his undertaking the work himself, 
and by appointment of the clergy of New York and New 
Jersey, met in convention at Shrewsbury, October 1st, 1767, 
)ie, "stimulated thereto, doubtless, by the anti-Episcopal 
Convention at East-town in November," prepared and pub- 
lished in New York in June, 1767, his "Appeal to the 
Public in behalf of the Church of England in .America : 
Wherein the Original and Nature of the Episcopal Office 
are briefly considered, Rea-sons for sending Bishops to 
America are Assigned, the Plan on which it is proposed to 
send them is staled, and the objections against sending them 
are obviated and confuted." Rev. Dr. Charles Chauncy, 
of Boston, Massachusetts, responded,. 1 76S, in a pamphlet 
entitled " The Appeal to the Public Answered, in behalf of 
the non-Episcopal Churches in America, containing Remarks 
on what Dr. Thomas Bradbury Chandler has advanced," 
etc. Soon after this he published "The Appeal Defended, 
or The Proposed American Episcopate Vindicated," etc. 
This drew forth a rejoinder from Dr. Chauncy, January, 
1770, with the title: "Reply to Dr. T. B. Chandler's Ap- 
peal Defended," which w.is answered in 1771 in a pam- 
phlet of two hundred and forty pages, entitled " The Appeal 



Farther Defended, in .answer to the farther Misrepresenta- 
tions of Dr. Chauncy." Notwithstanding this pamjihlet 
controversy, he continued in the regular discharge of his 
parochial duties, occasionally going forth on missionary 
toui-s. In July, 1770, he refers to the fact that "the Dis- 
-enters, of late, have become more friendly in a]i]>earance 
ihan ever," sometimes exceeding in number, in their attend- 
ance on special occasions, his own people. In the couise 
of the two or three following years, ihe congregation had 
increased so greatly as to determine the people to enlarge 
the capacity of the church edifice. In 1774, however, it 
was resolved to erect an enlirely new building; nuterials 
were collected, and money subscribed to defray the ex- 
penses. But the fir^t shock of war put an end to the work, 
not to be resumed by that generation. Me then founil liis 
situation painful and unpIe.Tsant, as well from the aclive 
part which he deemed it his duty to t.ake, as from the vio- 
lent feeling generally enlertained against the church of 
which he was a minister. These considerations caused him 
lo think of leaving the colonies and crossing over .again to 
England. Just before his departure he received a letter 
from John Pownall, Under-Secretary of State, bearing dale 
.April 5th, 1775, as follows: " I am directed by the Earl of 
Dartmouth to acquaint you that His Majesty has been gra- 
ciously pleased, from a consideration of your merit and ser- 
vices, to signify His Commands to the Lords Commissionci-s 
of the Treary that they do make an allowance to you, out 
of such funds as their Lord,sliips shall think proper, of two 
hundred pounds per annum, the said allow.ance to com- 
mence from the first of January last." He continued to 
officiate in Eliz.abeth until the middle cf May, 1775, when, 
proh.ibly alarmed by the sacking of the house of his friend. 
Dr. Myles Cooper, at New York, on ihe night of the lolh 
of May, he found refuge with him on the "Kingfisher," 
Captain James Montague, a British ship-of-war, lying in the 
harbor of New York. On the 24th of May, in cimipany 
with Dr. Cooper and Rev. Samuel Cook, he sailed in the 
"Exeter" for Bristol, England. The congregation were 
then left without a supply for the pulpit; public worship 
was at length suspended, and the church edilice became 
unoccupied on the Sabbath. As houses were needed for 
hospit.ils and barracks, resort was had occasionally to the 
churches. The fences were used for fuel, and even wooden 
memorial t.ablets, etc., consumed in the hour of need. .St. 
John's suffered most severely, as it was not used on the 
Sabbath; nearly all the wood-work of the interior was de- 
stroyed, while "two attempts to burn the building by pulling 
fire under the pulpit were ])rovidentially defeated." About 
1779 or 17S0 the ctmgregalion began to reassemble in a 
private honse for ]niblic worship on the .Sabbath. After the 
destruction of the Prcsliylerian Chuich, in January, 17S0, 
many, who had been accustomed to worship ihere, resorted 
to the Episcopal Church, especially when Mr. Ogden, Mi-s. 
Caldwell's cousin, 'was to jireach. Dr. Caldwell remained 
in exile the full period of ten years — a pensioner upon the 



BlOGRAnilCAL ENCYCLOP.KDIA. 



499 



royal bounty — liis family continuing to occupy the rectory, 
as before, through all the gloomy period of the conflict. 
The home government gladly availed themselves of his long 
experience in American affairs, and often sought of liim 
information and advice. Says Professor McVickar: "From 
a manuscript journal kept by Dr. Chandler during his ali- 
seiice, and now (1S36) in the possession of the author, we 
II id him still l.iboring for those whom he had left; raising 
funds for his destitute brethren ; urging upon the government 
plans of conciliation, and upon the bishops with whcmr he 
seems to have lived in habits of intimate friendship the 
completion of his long-cherished plan of an American 
Episcopate." Dr. Berrian affirms that "he was received 
wilh such a marked and universal respect into the society 
of the most distinguished persons as has very rarely been 
rendered to any one from our country in private life." In 
the State Paper Office at London is preserved a " Petition 
of Thomas P.radl.nry Chandler, D. D., Rector of .St. John's 
Church, Elizabethtown, New Jersey, and others, to the 
King," supposed to have been presented early in 1777, to 
the effect that " in consideration of their eminent services 
to His Majesty, and that, having at considerable expense 
discovered a tract of land on the waters of the Ohio, in the 
Province of Canada, the settlement of which must soon 
take place," they pray His Majesty to grant them a manda- 
mus foT 100,000 acres of land in the said spot. He contin- 
ued to cherish " almost to the last " the expectation of the 
restoration of the royal authority in America; and, as late 
as December 3d, 1781, wrote from London to Rev. Abra- 
ham Beach, of New Brunswick, New Jersey: "The late 
blow in Virginia (Cornwallis's surrendei ) has given us a 
shock, but has not overset us. Tliough the clouds at pres- 
ent are rather thick about us, I am far, very far, from de- 
sponding. I think matters will take a right turn, and then 
the event will be riglit." About the year 17S0 a small scab 
on his nose, a relic of the small-pox of 1757, developed in 
the form of a cancer, and gave him much concern. E\ery 
expedient for a cure proved unavailing. He spent a sum- 
mer on the Isle of Wight, living mainly on goafs milk, but 
did not reap the anticipated benefit. In May, 17S3, after 
the ])roclamation of peace, several of the Episcopal clergy 
of New York and Connecticut, Drs. Leaming, Inglis and 
Moore, with others, wrote, by Rev. Dr. Seabury. — on 
his way to obtain the episcopate — to the Archbishop of 
York a letter of commendation, in which, strengthened by 
the warm su]>port of Sir Guy Carleton, they requested his 
appointment as Bishop for the Province ol Nova Scotia. It 
was estimated that not less than 30,000 refugee royalists 
had removed from the States to Nova Scotia, many of whom 
■were from New York and its vicinity. Hence the zeal to 
provide an episcopate for their benefit, as very few of them 
pertained to any other body than the Church of England. 
Dr. Chandler desired the appointment, but a decision was 
so long delayed that he finally, pressed liy the necessity of 
change for his health, desired to forego all claim thereto 



and return to his family and parish. Archbishop Moore 
would not consent to the abandonment, but consented that 
he should visit his family. He accordingly sailed for 
America, and reached New York, .Sunday, June 19th, 17S5, 
but found himself too infirm to resume his parochial charge. 
In the course of the following year the lung-soviglit episco- 
pate of Nova Scotia was offered him, but his health was too 
seriously impaired for him to think of iicrforniing its duties, 
and he was comiielled to decline it. At his suggestion the 
office was conferred on his friend. Rev. Charles Inglis, 
D. D. He was very rarely alile to perform any offi- 
cial services after his return, five times only officiating 
in the marriage service (for Eli.as B. Dayton, George Joy, 
Michael Hatfield, Aaron Ogden, and Captain Cyrus de 
Hart), and occasionally at a funeral. At the request of the 
vestry, however, he retained the rectorship and rectory as 
long as he lived. He was married, in 1752, to Jane Eniott, 
daughter of Captain John Emott and Maiy (lloudincii) 
Emott, daughter of Elins Boudinot, Sr., and died, at his 
home, June 171I1, 1790, in the sixly-fil'lli year of his age. 
He had six cliildrcn, one of whom married a son of General 
Elias Dayton, and another Rev. Julin Henry Ilubart, after- 
ward Bishop of the Diocese of New Yurk. 



AREY, REV. JOHN, M. D., Presbyterian Minis- 
ter, of Parsippany, Morris county. New Jersey, 
late of that place, was born in New Jersey, about 
1725, and was a son, or grandson, probably, of 
^VilIiam Darby, of Elizabethtown. He gradu- 
""' ated at Yale College in 1748; was licensed by 
the Presbytery of Suffolk, Long Island, in April, 1749; 
and appointed to preach at Lower Aqueboque and Matti- 
luck, remaining in this service for two years. During the 
ensuing si.\ years, and more, he supplied other congrega- 
tions on the island, and subsequently, November loth, 1757, 
was ordained by the same Presbytery as an Evangelist at 
Oyster- Ponds (Orient). His ministry at Connecticut Faims 
commenced in 175S, and continued about two years. In 
1772 he withdrew from the Presbytery of New York and 
connected himself wilh the Presbytery of Morris county. 
Ai'ter leaving the farms' he settled at Parsipjiany, Morris 
county, where he not only preached the gospel, but prac- 
tised medicine, having acquired a medical education. 
"As such he made himself quite useful during the revolu- 
tionary war." His degree of M. D. was conferred by 
Dartmouth College in 1782. He died in December, 1805, 
aged ninety ye.ars. He was twice married. By his first 
wife he had one son and two daughters; the eldest, Hester, 
married a British officer named Fox. His second wife was 
Hester White Huntting, a widow of East Hampton, Lcmg 
Island; by her he had one son, Henry White Darby, M. D., 
of Parsippany, and two daughters, Helen, wife of General 
O'Hara, and Lucinda, wife of Christian dc Wint. 



BIOGRAPHICAL EN'CVCLOP/EDIA. 



jONGSTREET, HENRY II., M. D.,riiysicinn,of 
Bordentown, was born, Jaiiuaiy Illli, 1819, in 
Monmouth county. New Jersey, and is a son of 
Hendrick and Mary (Holmes) Longstreet ; liis 
father was engaged during life in agricultural 
pursuits, and both parents were also natives of 
New Jersey. Dr. Longstreet received his preliminary edu- 
cation at a select school in the village of Middlctown Point, 
now known as Mattawan, New Jersey, and completed the 
same in a seminary at Lenox, Massachusetts. Having de- 
termined to embrace the medical profession, he became a 
student under the supervision of Dr. Robert \V. Cooke, of 
Holmdel, and continued his studies with Dr. John E. 
Beck, Professor of Materia Medica and Jurisprudence in the 
College of Physicians and Surgeons, in the city of New 
York ; in which institution he subsequently attended several 
courses of lectures delivered there, and duly graduated with 
the degree of Doctor of Medicine in 1S42. In the month 
of May of that year he commenced the practice of his pro- 
fession at Bordentown, New Jersey, where he has since con- 
tinued to reside, and where he has been constantly engaged in 
the control of an extensive and lucrative practice ; and during 
all this time, being over one-third of a century, has never 
been absent three months altogether from the scene of his 
labors. He is thoroughly devoted to his profession, and 
takes great interest in the several medical societies with 
which he is connected ; and has held m.any offices in both the 
County and State Medical Societies, having been a delegate 
to the latter organization very many times. He has also 
been prominently identified with all the improvements that 
have been projected in and around Bordentown since he first 
became a resident, and is at present a Director of the Bor- 
dentown Banking Company ; also in the Water Company, 
and of the Vincentown Mail Company. In political belief 
he is a strong and ardent Democrat, but is not an active 
worker in the party, as his lime is wholly engrossed by his 
professional duties. He was married, in 184S, to Hannah 
Ann Taylor, of New Jersey, who died in 1857. He was 
married a second time, in 1869, to Elizabeth, daughter of the 
late Joseph Newbold, an old merchant of Wrightstown, 
New Jersey. 



I OOD, GEORGE, Lawyer, late of New York, was 
born in Burlington county, New Jersey, about 
17S0; graduated at Princeton in iSoS; studied 
law under the supervision of Richa'rd Stockton, 
and was admitted to the bar in 1812, taking up his 
residence in New Brunswick, New Jersey. " It 
was not long before he rivalled his master, to whom m some 
respects he was superior. His intellect was of the highest 
order, entitling him to rank with Mr. Webster. His power 
of analogical reasoning w.as very striking ; the most difficult 
subject seemed to arrange itself in his mind in its true pro- 



I portions. He had the faculty attributed to Lord Mansfield, 
1 of so stating a question as to make the mere statement a 
I sufficient argument." — Hon. L. Q. C. Elmer. He gen- 
erally spoke from mere short memoranda in pencil, and was 
so accurate in the use of language that what he said would, 
when written down, ]irove entirely correct. After a few 
years practice at the bar of New Jer.sey he removed to New 
■\'ork, where he took rank among the leaders, and showed 
himself the equal of all, if not their superior. I'lilil 
his death in 1S60, he was constantly engaged in the most im- 
portant causes, not only in New York but in other Stales ; and 
was among the few eminent lawyers of the country who held 
no office. Upon the decease of Judge Thompson in 1S45, 
he was strongly recommended to President Tyler to take his 
place on the bench of the Supreme Court of the United 
States, and " there can be no doubt he would have ailorncd 
the station.'' His political education inclined him to take 
sides with Federalist views and measures, but he never man- 
ifested any marked desire to interest himself personally in 
the political questions or conflicts of the day, and never sup- 
ported the Republican party. Not long before his demise 
he spoke at a public meeting in New York, strongly in favor 
of maintaining the compromises of the constitution, and thus 
obtained from several of the Radical papers the honorable 
and honoring designation of " Union-Saver." " In my 
early practice it was my fortune several limes to encounter 
him at the bar, and a most formidable adversary he was. 
The last time I heard him was in the year 1855, when he ap- 
peared before the New Jersey Court of Appeals, in the case 
of Gifford vs. Thorn, reported 111 i Stock. 70S. I have 
alw.ays thought his speech in that case, upon the whole, 
the ablest to which I ever listened. It combined almost 
every kind of eloquence; in solid reasoning quite equal to 
that of his leading opponent, Charles O'Connor ; in playful 
wit, in occasional appeals to the sympathy of the judges, and 
in impassioned declamation quite superior." On one note- 
worthy occasion, Mr. Van Arsdale, an old lawyer of New- 
ark, was his opponent in a case which was conducted with 
singular dexterity. He had filed a bill to foreclose a mort- 
gage more than twenty years due ; and set out with great 
particularity several payments alleged to have been made on 
it by the mortgageor. The answer sworn to by Van Arsdale 
positively denied llie alleged payments, and denied also that 
any payments had been made. When he took ihe ground on 
the argument that, after twenty years, paymentof adebt w.as 
to be presumed, the chancellor remarked with an amused 
smile, " How can I presume a payment which the party 
himself positively denies.?" The dilemma seemed then 
for the first time to be perceived by the counsel, and the 
ludicrous manner in which he exclaimed, " Is my client lo 
lose his money by such a trick as that ?" caused a general 
laugh, in which the court could not help participating. One 
of the more remarkable cases in which he was engaged w.as 
that of Smith -'t. Wood, a bill in chancery for the sale of 
mortgaged premises to raise a large sum of money. It lasted 




'''^fni Csi't'' 



EIOGRAnilCAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 



501 



ten years, ami was argued nine times — three limes before a 
master; once before Chancellor Williamson, who went out 
of office before he had lime lo make a decree ; once before 
Chancellor Vroom, whose o])iiiion is reported in Saxlon Ch. 
R. 74 ; three times before the Court of Errors and Appeals ; 
and once before Chancellor I'hilemon Dickerson. He died 
in New Voik in 1S60. 



K/fyiRKrATRICK, IIENRV AUGl 

" <f J '"'^ of Stanton, Hunterdon coui 

" I I son of the Rev. Jacob Kirkpal 



AUGUSTUS, M. D., 
unty. New Jersey, 
rkpalrick, D. D., for 
^ more than lialf a century pastor of the United 
■^X .">. Presbyterian Churches of Amwell, Hunterdon 
county, was born in 1S16. Having read medi- 
cine in the office of Dr. Cicero Hunt, of Ringoes, he 
entered tlic Jefferson Medical College, was graduated 
thence M. D. in the spring of 1S41, and in the same year 
estalili-^hed himself at Stanton. During the remaining ten 
years of his life he acquired a large practice, being skilful as 
a physician and popular as a man. He was twice married : 
first to Mary Servis, of Ringoes, and second to the daughter 
of Mr. Jacques (^uick, of Readington. He died September 
zglh, 185;. 

E,Ir:/if^RIFFIN, REV. EDWARD DORR, late of New- 
ark, formerly pastor of the First and later of the 
Second Presbyterian Church of that city, and for 
some years President of Williams College, was 

e^'^T born in East Haddam, Connecticut, January 6ih, 

(s . ' J .' » 

1770. His father, George Griffin, was a wealthy 
farmer of a strong mind and a good education ; his mother, 
Eve (Dorr) Griffin, was a sister of Rev. Edward Dorr, of 
Hartford, Connecticut. From a very early age his parents 
destined him to the ministry; and while yet a child of only 
four or five years he was the subject of deep religious im- 
pressions. " But though once and again strongly exercised 
on the subject of religion, and once to such an extent as to 
venture for a time to hope he was a true Christian, his con- 
version does not appear to have taken place till after 
the close of his course in college, when he had abandoned 
the purpose with which his early training and his parents' 
wishes had inspired him, and, according to his own ac- 
count, devoted himself to the law, and made up his mind 
to be a man of the world." The means of awakening him 
lo a just sense of his spiritual need was a severe illness with 
which he was overtaken in the gayest period of his life. 
Having given his heart to God, he now resolved to resume 
his original purpose, and devote himself to the service of 
Christ in the work of the ministry. He graduated with the 
first honors of his class at Yale College in 1790, became a 
member of the church in Derby in the spring of 1792, and 
having pursued his the0logic.1l studies under the direction of 
Dr. Jonathan Edwards, son of tl.e first President Edwards, 
at New Haven, was licensed to preach the gospel by the 



Association of New Haven West, on the 31st of October, 
1792. On the lolh of November following, he preached his 
first sermon, and having supplied several pulpits for varying 
periods of time in New Salem, Farmington, Middlebury, 
and other places, in one of which he received a call, but did 
not actually settle, he w.a5 ordained as pastor of the church 
in New Hartford, June 4lh, 1795. There he remained, car- 
rying on ihe work of the ministry with marked success, till 
iSoo, when he departed on a journey on account of his 
wife's health, and spent the ensuing winfer in the vicinity of 
Newark, New Jersey. The people of Orange, where he 
preached during a part of this period, and where fifty 
persons were added to the church under his ministrations, 
were desirous of inviting him to become their pastor ; but on 
the reception of a call from the First Church in Newark his 
pastoral relations with the church in Hartford were dis- 
solved, and he was installed as colleague pastor with Dr. 
Macwhorter by the Presbytery of New York on Ihe 20lh_of 
October, 1801, in the thirty-second year of his age. Dr. 
Macwhorter presided. Dr. McKniglit preached a sermon 
from 2 Corinthians ii. 16, the last clause, and Dr. Rodgers 
gave the charge to the people. He took the charge of this 
congregation in the full spirit of a new era in the church's 
history, which he thoroughly believed began to dawn about 
the time of his entrance upon the ministry, and was destined 
to culminate only in the meridian of millennial glory. This 
belief he lost no opportunity of expressing in the strongest 
terms. " In the year 1792," said he, " three series of events 
commenced, which needed not a fourth to fill the earth with 
the knowledge of glory of the Lord. First, the series of 
missionary and cfiaritable efforts Secondly, the se- 
ries of revivals of religion Thirdly, the series of 

judgments intended to destroy the nations which had 
given their power and strength to the beast." This belief, 
says Dr. J. F. Stearns, acting upon a lively imagination, an 
enthusiastic temperament, a powerful intellect, and an affec- 
tionate and devoutly pious heart, is the true key to many of 
the peculiar excellencies, and to what some may be disposed 
to mention as the peculiar defects of his character and ac- 
tions. It nerved his strength, it fired his eloquence, it ani- 
mated his hopes anew, when his heart would otherwise have 
sunk under discouragement ; it made him bold in tliscarding 
obsolete customs, and regardless of trifling difficulties, m 
carrying into effect what he considered as the best measures 
for the conversion of men, and the advancement of the 
kingdom of Christ. With these impulses was his whole 
ministry identified in an eminent degree. No sooner did he 
begin to preach than converts began to be numbered by 
hundreds. This was also the case in New Haven, when he 
was preaching there, even before his ordination; and like- 
wise in East Hartford, during his mission of five years in 
that place; and in Orange, where he spent the winter just 
before his invitation to Newark. His ministry in the last 
mentioned city, too, was exceedingly rich in spiritual fruits; 
and the next year after he entered upon his pastoral duties 



502 



EIOGRAnilCAL ENCYCLOP/KDIA. 



a sweeping revival occurred. It continuetl two years, and 
about one hundred and thirty persons were added to the 
church on profession, of whom one hundred were received 
in the course of twelve months. In the spring of 1S03 he 
engaged zealously in making preaching tours in the neigh- 
borhood of Newark, and even to a considerable distance in 
the surrounding regions, leaving the pulpit in the care of his 
venerable colleague. The present {1853) parsonage house, 
on Mulbeny street, was built about this time for his and his 
family's accommodation. The old one was a stone build- 
ing two stories high, and stood upon the west side of Broad 
street, below the corner of William street. The site of the 
new structure was purchased of Rev. Aaron Burr. In the 
spring of 1S07 commenced a very powerful effusion of 
divine influences. A deep impression had been made upon 
the congregation by the death of Dr. Macwhorter, and it 
was confirmed and made more intense through the labors of 
Rev. Gideon Blackburn, who preached in Newark several 
times with stirring earnestness. The influence was felt in 
Orange and Newark at the same time, and during the 
month of March, 180S, ninety-seven persons joined the 
church in Newark, and seventy-two that in Orange. But 
his ministry in this church, recent as it was, was now draw- 
ing to a close. As early as the year 1805 he had been in- 
vited to leave his post for the purpose of taking charge of 
the First Reformed Dutch Church in Albany ; but that call, 
though it cost him no little doubt and perplexity, he at 
length judged it his duty to decline. But later, two invita- 
tions, each having attached peculiar claims, pressed them- 
selves sur.ultaneously on his attention — one to the chair of 
Pulpit Eloquence in the Theological Seminary in Andover, 
the other to become the stated preacher in the New Church 
in P.-irk street, Boston. The p.ath of duly seemed plain; 
and, having first obtained the consent of his people, he was 
released from his pastoral charge in April, 1809, and, on the 
2Sth of M.ay following, took a solemn leave of his flock in 
an eloquent farewell sermon. " During the eight years of 
his ministry in this congregation, less than two of which he 
was the sole pastor, sixty-two persons were received into the 
church from other churches, and three hundred and seventy- 
two on a profession of their faith. When he came here the 
church consisted of two hundred and two members. During 
his ministry the number had more than doubled, includin; 
when he took his dismission, five hundred and twenty-two 
persons." He left Newark, May 29th, 1S09, taking with him 
five young men who had consecrated themselves to the work 
of the ministry under his influence; and who were desirous 
of availing themselves of his instruction in his new sphere of 
service. He was inaugurated to the office of Professor in 
Andover, June 21st, and held that station two years, preach- 
ing at the same time on the Sabbath to the church in 
Boston. But, finding it impossilile to ftilfil the duties of 
both offices, he eventually resigned his professorship, and 
was installed as pastor of the Park Street Church, Boston, 
July 31st, 1811. In the summer of 1S15 he left his charge 



in Boston, and became the pastor of the Second Presby- 
terian Cliurch in Newark, New Jersey, where he remained 
about si.\ years. In October, 1821, he assumed the Presi- 
dency of Williams College, whose duties he discharged with 
eminent success during a, period of fifteen years. "And 
now, the evening of life drawing on, he returned to New.ark, 
to which he still looked, amidst all his changes, as the home 
of his affections ; and, becoming an inmate of his eldest 
daughter's family, he p.assed the little remnant of his days in 
domestic love and cheerfulness, and died in hope, Novem- 
ber 8ih, 1837, in the sixty-eighth year of his age." He 
was married, May 17th, 1796, to Fr.ances Huntington, 
daughter of Rev. Joshua Huntington, D. D., of Coventry, 
and adopted daughter of her uncle. Governor Samuel 
Huntington, of Norwich, Connecticut. 



UCH ANAN, JAM ES, Lawyer, was born at Ringoes, 
New Jersey, June 17th, 1S39. He is the son of 
Samuel Buchanan, a farmer, of Hunterdon county. 
His family is of Scotch origin, having emigrated 
to this -Country several years jirevious to the Revo- 
lution. He was educated in the public schools of 
Hunterdon, and at the Clinton Academy in Clinton. In 
i860 he began the study of law with the Hon. J. T. Bird, 
of Flemington; and in 1S63, having fairly mastered the 
principles of the science under his able preceptor, entered the 
law school of the Albany University, in which he remained 
until 1S64, when he was admitted to the bar of his native 
State. He at once began the practice of liis profession at 
Trenton, where he has since resided. In 1866, before his 
practice had become absorbing, he was elected Reading 
Clerk of the New Jersey Assembly, serving during the ses- 
sion of that year, but, in consequence of the japid increase 
of his practice, declining a re-election offered to him. In 
1 868 he was admitted to practise in the United States Cir- 
cuit Court, as in the previous year he had been admitted to 
the United States District Court, and in these courts he 
rapidly established an extensive practice. His vivid con- 
cejition of the great principles of the law, and his skill in 
applying them, combined with his resources as an advocate, 
and his force and persuasiveness as a speaker, made him a 
prominent figure at the bar. He was elected in 1S68 a 
member of the Trenton School Board, in w hich he served 
two years, declining a re-election. In 1872 he w.as a mem- 
ber of the Republican National Convention that renomi- 
nated General Grant; and in 1S74 was appointed by the 
New Jersey Legislature to succeed Judge Reed as Law 
Judge of thf County of Mercer, a position which he still 
holds. The University of Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, in 
recognition of his learning and ability, conferred on him in 
1875 the honorary degree of A. M. In his activities, as in 
his sympathies, he is many-sided, taking not only a lively 
interest, but an active part in all the more important 



BIOGRArillCAL KNCYCLOr.KDIA. 



50? 



movements of society. lie is a member of the Trenton 
Board of Trade; one of tlie Trustees of the Peddie Insti- 
tution; and has Ijcen since 1S73 President of the State 
Convention of tlie New Jersey Baptists, lie was married 
in 1S73 to Mary Isabel Bullocl;, of riemington, New 
Je.»cy. 



Q^Wt OI.LESON, HON. GEORGE T., Lawyer, .A-tto 
ncy-General of the State of New Jersey, late of 
New Brunswiclc, was l)orn in New Jersey, May 
25th, 1S05, and was tlie son of Elias Molleson, a 
descendant from one of the twenty-four proprie- 
tors of East Jei'sey. Upon embracing the profes- 
sion of the Law, he met wijh much and merited success, 
and, the possessor of promising talents and popular man- 
ners, rapidly attained distinction as a practitioner of thorough 
skill and .ability. He was chosen three times successively 
to the lower house of Assembly, and there took a prominent 
and leading part in the current measures and movements. 
Declining a re-election, he was appointed Prosecuting At- 
torney for the County of Middlesex, from which post he 
w.as, in the course of the following year, promoted to the 
more important office of Attorney-General of the Slate. 
During the three years in which he held this station, he 
acquitted him.self with great credit in the midst of unusually 
arduous and harassing circumstances. It was about the 
year 1837 that he became deeply sensible of the value of 
religion. In the church he grew to be a decided favorite, 
on account of his many amiable qualities. He was chosen 
Superintendent of the Sabbath-school, which flourished 
greatly under his care; and, March 5th, 1S43, was ordained 
Ruling Elder. " His personal popularity, his honored an- 
cestry, his affible manners, and his evident sincerity, gave 
him unbounded influence; his presence was everywhere 
welcome, and his persuasions were sufficient to reconcile 
contending parties. Thus he gave fair promise of useful- 
ness, when his career was suddenly arrested by that man- 
date which none can resist. His disease was the same as 
that which carried ofT his father — dropsy on the chest." He 
died May I7lh, 1S44, in the thirty-ninth year of his age. 



^ r^VlNNICKSOX, HON. CLE.MENT II., Lawyer, of 
Salem, was born in Salem county. New Jersey, 
September i6th, 1834, where the family have 
long been residents, one of his great-uncles having 
served as member of Congress from the same 
county as early as 17S9. His uncle, Thomas 
Sinnickson, also from the same county, was elected to Con- 
gress from the same district in 1S28. Clement H. gradu- 
ated at Union College, New York, with the class of 1S55, 
and the same year commenced his preparation for the bar 



£-.,©:.'? 
^^^ 



with the late Hon. William L.- Dayton, at Trenton, New 
Jersey. He was admitted in 1858, and conmienced practice 
in his native county. The civil war soon afterward inter- 
rupted his progress in the profession. On the breaking out 
of the war he was commissioncti Captain of the 4lh New 
jersey Volunteers, and served until the term of enllslment 
of that organization expired, when he returned to Salem and 
resumed the practice of his profession, and li.'.s since resided 
there. In 1S74 he was nominated by the Republicans of 
the First District as their c.andid.ate for Congress, the dis- 
trict including the counties of Cape May, Camden, Cumber- 
land, Gloucester and Salem, and notwithstanding the re- 
verses to the Republican party that year, he received a 
handsome m.ajority. He is a decided Republican, and 
proved an efficient Representative. 



<^ z'^' ARNAIIAN, REV. JAMES,- D. D., President of 
the College of New Jersey, at Princeton, late of 
Newark, New Jersey, was born in Cumberland 
county, Pennsylvania, November I7lh, 1775. In 
November, 179S, he entered the junior class in 
the College of New Jersey, and received the first 
degree in the arts in .September, iSoo. He subsequently 
devoted himself to the study of theology under the guidance 
of Rev. John McMillan, D. D., in the western part of his 
n.ative State. In iSoi lie returned to Princeton as tutor, 
but ceased to .act further in that capacity in the fall of 1S03. 
In April, 1S04, he was licensed by the Presbytery of New 
Brunswick, which w.as then assembled at Basking Ridge, to 
preach the gospel ; and selected the vicinity of Hacketts- 
town, Oxford and Knowlton, as his field of labors, Janu- 
ary 5th, 1S05, he was ordained and installed pastor of the 
uniteil churches of Wliitesborough and Utica, in the St.ate 
of New York. In l''ebruary, 1814, he removed on account 
of health considerations to Georgetown, District of Colum- 
bia, and there opened a classical and mathematical school, 
where he was engaged in teaching for about nine years. 
In May, 1S23, he was chosen President of the College of 
New Jersey, was inaugurated August 5th, 1S23, and, after 
a service of thirty ye.ars, resigned in 1S53. His connection 
with that institution was dissolved in June, 1854. He w.as, 
in different capacities, identified more or less prominently 
with the college for a period of thirty-five years, viz., two 
years as a student, two as a tutor, and thirty-one as Presi- 
dent. He was one of the Trustees also of Princeton at the 
time of his death, and President of the Board of Trustees 
of the Theological Seminary. During life he was associated 
with many illustrious jiersons of his time, and w.as one of 
the last of the venerable men who, for so many years, ren- 
dereil Princeton renowned for its intellectual and moral 
greatness. During the long period he presided over the 
college, he was zealous and untiring in his devotion to i'.s 



504 



EIOGRAl'IIICAL ENCYCLOI'.EDIA. 



interests. In 1823, the date of liis entiy into office, the 
faculty consisted of a president, vice-president, a professor 
of mathematics, and two tutors — total, five. In 1854 there 
were six professors, two assistant professors, three tutors, a 
teacher of modern languages, and a lecturer on zoology 
— total, wiih the president and vicc-piesident, fifteen. In 
the annual catalogue for the year 1823 there were the names 
of 125 students ; in that of i?5 •„ the names of 254 students. 
The whole numher of giadu.ites to 1859, 107 years, was 
3,390; number of graduates before 1S23, seventy-six years, 
I,6So; from 1S23 to 1S54, inclusive, thirty-one years, 1,710. 
So that he, as President, conferred the first degree upon a 
greater number of alumni, by thirty, Ih.an had all his 
predecessors taken together. lie died at the residence of 
his son-in-law, Wilii.im K. McDonald, in Newark, New 
Jersey, March 2d, 1S59, in the eighty-fourth year of his 
a^e; His remains were removed to Princeton, the scene 
of his longest and most important services, and the funeral 
look place on the 8th instant. The services were held in 
the First Presbyterian Church, which was crowded with 
sympathizing frien Is, and the deserted appearance of the 
business streets of the city showed that for a time the ordi- 
nary transactions of its inhabitants were relinquished as a 
mark of respect to one revered and loved. His faithful 
friends, the alumni of the college at Newark, New Jersey, 
sent a deputation with the remains, which arrived at 
Princeton in the morning train on the day of the funeral. 
The sermon was preached by Rev. Dr. Macdonald, from I 
Corinthians xv. 12-20. Dr. Stearns, of Newark, and Dr. 
Cooley, of Trenton, assisted in the services at the church. 
A funeral procession was formed to the grave headed by 
the students of the college, and followed by those of the 
seminary, with the professors of both institutions. Said 
Hon. William Pennington, at a meeting of the alumni of 
the college : " He was a wise man ; his judgment was re- 

markabfe It was his habit to let others express their 

sentiments freely upon any subject ; but before the matter 
was decided he gave his opinion modestly and with diffi- 
dence, and time and again those opinions settled the con- 
troversy. Wisdom, I think, w.as the chief characteristic of 
the man. He was noble, too, with great generosity, and 
looked at things upon a broad scale. He was a learned 
man; his scholarship was fine, .... and he acted in the 
College of New Jersey as a helm does to a ship ; and the 
young men found in him a safe head to guide them," 



REARLY, HON. DAVID, Chief Justice of the 
State of New Jersey from 1779 to 17S9, was born 
in the State in the year I7.;.5, received a good 
education, and was practising his profession at 
Allentown, Monmouth county, at the lime of the 
breaking out of the war of independence. His 
symp.alhies led him into warm support of the patriotic 



cause and into the patriot army, wherein he held a commis- 
sion as Lieutenant-Colonel in MaxwelJ's brigade, of the 
Jersey line. At the time of his nomination as Chief Justice, 
June loth, 1779, the army was on its march, under the 
command of General Sullivan, to subdue the Indians in the 
western part of New York. Some persuasion was necessary 
to secure his acceptance of the position and resign.alion of 
his commission. He presided over the Supreme Court for 
a period of nearly eleven years, when he resigned, Novem- 
ber, 1789, to accept the appointment of Judge of the United 
Slates District Court for New Jersey. The duties of this 
office he continued to discharge until his death, in 1790. 
His reputation as President of the Supreme Court rests, upon 
tradition only, no reports of its decisions during that period 
being published. He is regarded as having proved a faith- 
ful, reliable judge, and that he enjoyed the high esteem of 
his contemporaries is very clear. The College of New 
Jersey, at its commencement in 1781, conferred upon him 
the honorary degree of Master of Arts. Two years later he 
was elected one of the Vice-Presidents of the State Society 
of Cincinnati, and held the position until his death. In 
1787, while still Chief Justice, he was appointed by the 
Leciskature of New Jersey a delegate to the convention 
which framed the constitution of the United Stales, and he 
took his seat in that body, participated in its deliberations, 
and signed the instrument when it was agreed upon. He 
was afterwards a member of the Slate convention which 
ratified it. A deep interest w.is ever manifested by him in 
public affairs, and he exercised an influence in politics that 
was entirely wholesome. In 1788 he was a Presidenti.il 
Elector, and he aided to secure the election of General 
Washington. 

*1 EED, ALFRED, Lawyer, was born, December 
23d, 1839, in Ewing township, Mercer county. 
New Jersey. He attended the Lawrenceville 
High School in 1856, and the Model School at 
Trenton in 1857-58, entering Rutgers College, 
at New Brunswick, in 1859. In the fall of 1S60 
he was matriculated at the State and National Law .School, 
Poughkeepsie, New York, and in the summer of 1862 ad- 
mitted to the practice of law in. the State of New York. 
Not content with the legal proficiency thus attested, how- 
ever, he returned to Trenton, and renewed his study of the 
law, being admitted to the bar of New Jersey at the June 
term in 1864. The seed sown in his unusually thorough 
preparation for the bar has already borne him a harvest of 
abundant honors in and out of the profession, though he is 
not yet forty. In the spring of 1S65 he was elected to the 
Common Council of Trenton, of which he was made Presi- 
dent. He was elected Mayor of Trenton in 1S67, serving 
for one term. In the spring of 18C9 he was appointed 
President Judge of the Common Pleas and .Sjiecial .Sessions 
of Mercer county, a position he held for a full term of five 



^if 



BTOGRAPIIICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 



505 



years; and April 8tli, 1875, he was appointed by Governor 
Bedle a Justice of the Sui)reme Court of the State. He is 
the youngest member of tlie Supreme Court, as in fact all his 
previous honors were attained at an age remarkably early, 
having been President of the Trenton Common Council 
when twenty six, Mayor of the city when twenty-eight, and 
Law Judge of Mercer county when thirty. So much, in 
j>art at any rate, for getting thoroughly ready before he 
started. The lesson is worth heeding by the rising genera- 
tion. The rapidity and degree of his advancement is the 
more noticeable that he has about him nothing of the in- 
triguing politician, but, on the contrary, is distinguished as 
greatly for manly candor and straightforwardness in public 
matters as for legal ability and personal worth. His record, 
jiohtical, judicial and private, is without a stain. In poli- 
tics he is a Democrat. 



jJEASLEV, HON. MERCER, LL. D., Lawyer, and 
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of New Jer- 
sey, was born in Mercer county. New Jersey, 
about 1S15. He gr.adu.ited at Princeton College 
with the class of 1S34, which institution has since 
conferred on him the honorary degree of LL. D. 
After leaving college he began his preparation for the New 
Jersey bar, to which he was admitted in the June term, 
I S38, and was made counsellor in 1S42. He practised his 
iirofession in the city of Trenton and acquired an extensive 
and lucrative practice. In politics an earnest Democrat, 
he yet avoided taking active part in any of the violent poli- 
tical agitations, devoting his talents and energies exclusively 
to his profession, and soon becoming recognized as one of 
the leaders of the New Jersey bar. In 1S64 his ability and 
legal attainments were recognized by Governor Parker, by 
whom he was api>ointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court 
of New Jersey. At the expiration of his term of service in 
1871, he was reappointed by Governor Randolph, and is 
now serving his second term of seven years, which will ex 
pile in 1S78. His career as Chief Justice has been emi 
nently satisfactory to the bar and people of the State. His 
son, Mercer Beasley, Jr., is the present Prosecutor of the 
I'leas for Mercer county, and a young man of ability, 
rapidly rising in the profession. 



P.ERNETHV, HUGH HOMER, M. D., of Phil- 

lipsburg. New Jersey, of Scotch-Irish descent, 

son of Samuel Abernethy, a farmer, was born al 

Tinicum, Bucks county, Pennsylvania, Decem 

ber I2lh, 1S08. His family was founded in 

Bucks aljout the middle of the last century; has 

since then taken a prominent part in county affairs, his 

father and grandfather having severally held -various offices 

64 



of trust and importance. Having received a sound English 
education, supplemented by a careful classical course under 
the late Rev. Dr. Studdiford, of Lambertville, he began the 
study of medicine in 1827 under Dr. Stewart Kennedy, of 
Greenwich, and afterwards of Easton, Pennsylvania. A 
year later he entered the medical department of the Univer- 
sity of Pennsylvania, under the office instructions of Profes- 
sor Dewees, and in 1830 was graduated thence M. D. 
Among his classmates and fellow-graduates were a number 
of since eminent medical men, including his brother, the 
late Dr. Samuel AI:iernethy, of Railway, New Jersey ; Dr. 
J. C. Kennedy; Dr. Ferguson. From the date of his grad- 
uation until 1S41 he practised at Greenwich, New Jersey, 
and in partnership with Dr. Green, of Belvidere. In that 
year (1S41) he began a partnership with his former precep- 
tor. Dr. Stewart Kennedy, in Easton. The association 
lasted only a few months, failing health compelling Dr. 
Kennedy to retire, leaving the practice in his hands. In 
1853 Dr. Abeinelhy was himself compelled by the same 
cause to relinquish for a time the practice of his profession. 
Dr. Kennedy retired to Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, and 
lived but a short time. During the ensuing fourteen years 
his time was spent partly upon his farm at Greenwich, 
partly in travel. In 1S67, establishing himself in Phillips- 
burg — where, and in Jersey City, he has since continued to 
reside — he resumed practice, and has during the past ten 
years been more or less actively engaged. Among the 
many physicians whose professional study was begun 
under his supervision may be mentioned Drs. Fields, C. V. 
Robbins, H. Race, G. Sandt, R. Ritchey, L. D. Grey and 
Asher Riley. Throughout his long career his standing has 
been of the highest, his reputation extending beyond the 
limits of the State, and his services being very generally 
sought in consultation in extreme or unusual cases. For 
the past few years his practice has been restricted almost en- 
tirely to consultation. In politics, while taking no active 
part, he steadily voted with the Whig parly until that organi- 
zation was merged in the Republican, and since the forma- 
tion of the Republican p.arty he has been one of its most 
earnest members. He married, in 1831, Mary J., daughter 
of the late John Maxwell, of Phillipsburg; since 1864 he 
has been a widower. 

/ ~^^*~ 

■jITTELL, SQUIER, M. D., was born in Burlington, 
New Jersey, December 9th, 1S03. His ancestors 
) in both lines (Littell and Gardiner) were among 
the earliest settlers of the State, although no 
generation of the family has l>een more honorably 
distinguished than the one of which he is a prom- 
inent member, his eldest brother being th.at eminent literary 
lienefactor of the American public, Eliakiin Littell. of 
Litlcirs Li^'iiii; .-^^v, and another brother, John Stockton 
Littell, having signalized himself by his researches into the 
unwritten history of the revolutionary period ; while his 



5o5 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP-TTDIA. 



cousin, the late William Littell, LL. D., was a legal author 
of repute and a noted member of the Kentucl<y bar, at which 
he was the early associate of Clay, Grundy, and the rest of 
the conslellation of statesmen and orators that shone in the 
legal firmanien' of Kentucl<y during the first quarter of this 
century. He studied medicine at the University of Pennsyl- 
vania, from which be graduated in 1824, settling in Phila- 
delphia, where he still resides. In 1825 he made a voy.age 
to South America, practising for a time in Buenos Ayres, 
with such skill and success as to win from the Academy of 
Medicine of that city the degree of Licentiate. His 
specialty is ophthalmology, in which he has acquired an 
extensive reputation, not only from his practice, but from 
his original investigations. He is a member of the various 
medical societies of the city and county of Philadelphia, 
and of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia. In 
1S2S-29 he was editor of the Journal of Foreign Medical 
Sciences, published by his brother, the present proprietor of 
the Living ^ge, and for several years he was connected 
willi the editorial department of the Museum of Foreign 
Literature ami Science, also published by his brother. He 
IS t!ie author of a work entitled " Manual of Diseases of the 
Eye; or, A Treatise on Ophthalmology," of which two 
editions were published, thetirst being reprinted in London 
and receiving the highest commendation from the British 
ami Foreign A/etlical Revie^v. " It is replete with informa- 
tion," said that authority, " yet so terse in style and com- 
pressed in bulk as at once to entice and repay perusal." 
In 1S53 he edited Haynes Walton's treatise on "Operative 
Ophthalmic Surgery," being the first American from the first 
London edition. He has also written a memoir on " Gran- 
ular Ophthalmia," published in the " Transactions of the 
Congress D' Of hthahiiologie de Bruxelles ;" "Ophthalmic 
Reports from Wills' Hospital ; " a discourse on " Electrical 
Fluctuations, or Variations of Electrical Tension, as the 
Cause of Disease," in " Transactions of the American Med- 
ical Association for iS65;" papers on "The External 
Remedial Use of Cold Water," " Non- Malarial Origin of 
Disease," and other medical subjects ; a report on a " Case 
of Morbid Growth in the Sphenoidal and Ethnoidal Cells," 
/)unglison^s Jl/edical Intelligencer, with many other reports 
on various cases; and "Medical Obituaries," chiefly of 
members of the Philadelphia College of Physicians, before 
which they were read. His literary activity, however, has 
not been strictly confined to the sphere of his profession. 
For a number of years he edited the Philadelphia Banner 
of the Cross, and he has from time to time contributed arti- 
cles, in prose and verse, to the literary periodicals of the 
day, it being his custom, as it was that of his cousin, the 
Kentucky Doctor of Laws, to relieve his more abstruse 
studies by original excursions into the domain of polite litera- 
ture. From 1834 to 1864 he was Surgeon to Wills' Oph- 
thalmic Hospital, in Philadelphia, to which he is now 
Emeritus Surgeon, an honor which he won by a career of 
service not more distinguished by duration than by ability 



and success. He is at present Consulting Physician to the 
Philadelphia Dispensary, and Councillor of the College of 
Physicians of Philadelphia. He was married in 1834. 



0) t^ LOAN, JOHN, M. D., late of Easton, Pennsyl- 
Sj^lL vanin, son of the Rev. William B. Sloan, for 
many ) c.ii^ ]iastor of the I'lrst Presbyterian 
Church in Greenwich, Warren county. New 
Jersey, was born in that town. May 26ih, 1799. 
After being licensed as a physician he established 
himself in Bloomsbury, Hunterdon county. New Jersey, and 
in 1821 was one of the foundei-s of the Hunterdon County 
Medical Society. He subsequently removed to Washington, 
Warren county ; thence in a short time to Easton, Pennsyl- 
vania ; thence to New York city, where lie opened an apoth- 
ecary shop, and also engaged in practice ; thence to Utica, 
New York ; thence to Asbury, Warren county. New Jersey, 
and finally, about 1S35, returned to Easton, where he died 
on the loth of February, 1S49. His roving disposition pre- 
vented him from achieving any great measure of success in 
his profession, yet his ability was above the average, and as 
a practitioner he was popular. He was disposed to analyti- 
cal investigation of disease — a taste by no means common 
among country practitioners of his time — and in the ar- 
chives of the Hunterdon County Medical Society is still 
preserved a well-written essay by him, on " Intermittent 
Fever," read before that body at the semi-annual meeting in 
October, 1S22. 



LOAN, REV. WILLIAM B., Pa-stor of Greenwich, 
and late of that place, was born in Lamington, 
New Jersey, in the last quarter of the past century, 
and removed thence to Princeton, where he pur- 
sued his studies and became eventually a gradu,ate 
of the college. At the completion of his general 
and literary studies he devoted himself to theology under 
the guidance and preceptorship of Dr. John Woodhull, of 
Freehold, New Jersey, and May 31st, 1797, was licensed 
by the Presbytery of New Brunswick. In 1798 he was or- 
dained by the same presbytery and installed as pastor of the 
United Congregations of Greenwich and Mansfield. For 
seventeen years he served, with noteworthy zeal, fidelity and 
usefulness, the two congregations, and at the expiration of 
that time became pastor of Greenwich only. Ultimately, 
through increasing infirmities, he was compelled to resign 
also the latter charge, and his pastoral relations with it were 
dissolved in October, 1834. " He was a man of noble 
presence, above the medium height, erect, slender, but well- 
formed; his features were finely chiselled, yet manly and 
dignified in expression ; his eye was a clear, expressive 
blue : and his gait and bearing were stately, yet uncon- 
strained. His talents were respectable, though not great ; 



BIOGRArillCAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 



507 



his style simple and uiiafrecteil. lie was not a very vifror 
ous thinker, liut was an earnest and affectionate preacher." 
He died July 3d, 1S39. 



wi^'cDOWELL, REV. JOHN, D. D., Trustee of 
cJltlll rrinceton College, late of Philadelphia, Pennsyl- 
vania, was born in Lamington, New Jersey, Sep- 
tember loth, 1780, and reared on the paternal 
farm. He was the son of Matthew McDowell, 
whose father, Ephraim McDowell, migrated in 
1746 from the north of Ireland, where his ancestors, fleeing 
from persecution in Scotland during the previous century, 
had found an asylum. Ephraim purchased a tract of 4CX) 
acres of wild land on the western borders of Somerset 
county, New Jersey, in what has since been known as the 
village of Lamington, about ten miles northwest of Somer- 
ville. Here Matthew McDowell was born, in 174S, and 
through his hfe was engaged in farming and agricultural 
pursuits; he married Elizabeth Anderson, whose parents 
also were from the north of Ireland. Both were exemplary 
members of the Presbyterian Church of Lamington. At the 
a^e of eleven years "he experienced religion," and entered 
upon a course of study for the ministry, under the instruc- 
tions of Rev. William Boyd, then leaching in the neighbor- 
hood of his home. In 1799 he entered the junior class of the 
College of New Jersey, at Princeton, graduating with honor 
in 1801, in the same class with Nicholas Eiddle, afterward 
eminent as an able and remarkable financier. He studied 
theology under the direction, first, of Rev. HoUoway W. 
Hunt, of Newton, New Jersey, and then of Rev. John 
WoodhuU, D. D., of Freehold, New Jersey. At the latter 
place he made public profession of his religion in Septem- 
ber, 1802. April 25th, 1S04, he was licensed by the Pres- 
bytery of New Brunswick, at their meeting in Basking 
Ridge. He was then providentially directed to Elizabeth- 
town, and there preached his first sermon on the first Sab- 
bath of July. The call was presented August 21st, 1804, 
and he was duly installed on the following Wednesday, 
December 26th, at eleven o'clock A. M. On this occasion 
Rev. Dr. Macwhorter, of Newark, presided, offered the 
ordaining prayer and gave the charge to the minister; Rev. 
Amzi Armstrong, of Mendham, New Jersey, preached from 
Titus i. 5 ; and Rev. Edward I). Griffin, of Newark, New 
Jersey, gave the exhortation to the people. In the faithful 
and laborious discharge of the duties of his office, as pastor 
of the First Presbyterian Church, of Elizabeth, he continued 
for a period of twenty-eight and a half years, greatly favored 
of God and honored of man. The attendance on his minis- 
trations steadily increased until it reached the full capacity 
of the church edifice; so that, in February, 1S20, measures 
were adopted for the gathering of a second Presbyterian 
church. The number added to his church during his min- 
istry, on profession of faith, was 921 ; and on certificate 



223; in all, 1,144. The bai'tisms numbered 1,498, of 
whom 2S2 were adults. This notable success in his Wi)rk 
was brought about by repeated outpourings of the Holy 
Spirit upon the congregation. The more remark.able of 
these seasons were the years 1S07-8, 1813, 1817 and 1S26. 
In iSoS the additions to the church by profession were III; 
in 1813, " the year of hostility," lOO; in 1817, 167; and in 
1S26, 138. Other seasons of refreshing, but of a less gen- 
eral and extended character, were enjoyed, also adding to 
the church on profession, in 1820, fifty-nine; and in 1831, 
forty-four. The number of communicants in 1804 was 
207; in 1820, 660. In the year iSiS the honorary degree 
of Doctor of Divinity was conferred upon him by the Uni- 
versity of North Carolina and by Union College. He %vas 
then already high in repute as a preacher, a scholar and an 
author. As a Trustee of the College of New Jersey, and as 
a Director of the Theological Seminary at Princeton, he 
rendered the most important services to the cause of edu- 
cation and of religion. Calls were extended to him, at 
different times during his ministry in Eliz.abelh, from the 
Collegiate Reformed Dutch Church and the Wall Street 
Presbyterian Church, both of the city of New York, and 
from the Presbyterian Church of Princeton, New Jersey. 
Overtures were made to him also from other quarters, but 
were not entertained. He was chosen a Professor in the 
Theological Seminary at Allegheny, Pennsylvania, and in 
the Union Theological Seminary of Virginia. He was 
also appointed Secretary of the Board of Missions. In pas- 
toral labors he ranked among the most useful ministers of 
the church. Every portion of his extensive charge was 
regul.arly visited at set seasons every year; Bible-classes, 
embracing a very large proportion of the youth in his con- 
gregation, were regularly instructed. Sunday-schools were 
introduced in 1814-16, and vigorously conducted; while 
all the benevolent operations of the church found in him an 
earnest and powerful advocate. In consequence mainly of 
his strenuous opposition, repeated attempts at Sabbath-pro- 
faning and horse-racing were effectually frustrated ; and his 
influence was felt all over the town, in all its interests, and 
only for good. A call was extended to him in April, 1S33, 
by the Central Presbyterian Church, of Philadelphia, which 
he accepted ; and, being released by the presbytery from 
his pastoral charge, he bade his people farewell. May I2ih, 
and on the following June 6th was duly installed in his 
new field of labors. He married, at Newark, a few weeks 
after his installation there, February 5th, 1805, Henrietta 
Kollock, daughter of Shepard Kollock, and sister of his 
predecessor in the pastoral oflSce. His death occurred 
February 13th, 1863, nearly thirty years after his removal 
from Newark, New Jersey, the whole interval having been 
filled with faithful, laborious and effective service in his 
Ma.ster's vineyard. In the churches to which he so happily 
ministered, in the benevolent and educational boards of 
which he was a member, in the presbytery, the synod and 
the General Assembly (of the last of which he was for 



SoS 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 



eleven years Permanent Clerk, and four years Stated 
Clerk), his memory is precious, and his good works rev- 
erently remembered. " Few men in this or any other 
community have left behind them a more grateful savor; 
and to none with more propriety could the Master say at 
the last, ' Well done, thou good and faithful servant ; enter 
thou into the joy of thy Lord.' " — Rev. Dr. E. F. Hatfield. 



/ 
c, r^' AYRE, LEWIS ALBERT, M. D., was born, Feb- 
- "^ ruary 29lh, 1820, at Madison, Morris county. New 
Jersey. He is a son of Ephraini Sayre, Quarter- 
master on General Washington's staff in the Revo- 
lution. In his youth he attended the Madison 
Academy and the Wantage Seminaiy, at Decker- 
town, subsequently entering the Transylvania University, at 
Lexington, Kentucky, from which he graduated in 1S39, 
going the same year to New York city, where he began the 
study of medicine with Dr. David Gunn, and graduated 
from the College of Physicians and Surgeons, March 1st, 
1S42. He at once settled in New York. Shortly after his 
graduation he was appointed Prosector of Surgery in the 
College of Physicians and Surgeons. In 1S44 he organ- 
ized the P.athological Society of New York. From 1844 to 
1866 he was Hospital Surgeon of the 1st Division of the 
New York State Militia. In 1853 he was appointed Sur- 
geon to Bellevue Hospital, a position which he still fills. 
From 1857 to 1871 he was Surgeon to the Charity Hospital, 
to which he is now Consulting Surgeon. From 1857 to 
1S66 he was Resident Physician of Charity Hospital. His 
specialty is surgery, in which his name stands among the 
veiy first in America. He is a member of the New York 
County Medical Society; of the New York State Medical 
Society ; of the American Medical Association ; of the New 
York Academy of Medicine; of the Pathological Society 
of New York ; of the New York Neurological Society ; and 
of tlie .Medico-Legal Society of New York ; and an honor- 
ary member of the New Brunswick Medical Society and 
of the Medical Society of Norvi'ay; and in 1872 was created 
by the King of Sweden a Knight of the Order of W.assa. 
His medical writings, valuable, though not voluminous, 
comprise a paper on the " Exsection of the Head of the 
Femur," 1854; a report on "Morbus Coxam," i860; a 
paper on " Compulsory Vaccination," 1862; a tre.atise on 
the "Mechanical Treatment of Diseased Joints," 1S65; a 
report on the " Contagion of Cholera," 1866; a paper on 
" Chib-Foot," 1S69 ; an essay on " Reflex Paralysis and In- 
cordination from Genital Irritation," 1870; an exposition 
ol a " New Treatment of Fractured Clavicle," 1871 ; a re- 
port on "Fractures," 1S74; a paper on "Anchylosis," 1874- 
a treatise on "Orthopedic .Surgery and Diseases of the 
Joints," 1876; a report on "Pott's Disease," Transactions 
of the American Medical Associ.ation, 1876; a paper on 



" Lateral Curative," Transactions of the New York State 
Medical Society, 1876; and one on "Hip Disease," read 
before the Medical Congress, in 1876. He is not a poli- 
tician, but nevertheless he has very distinct and rooted 
political convictions, being a Democrat of the strictest sect, 
taking for his guide the Constitution as interpreted by the 
"reat chiefs of the Democracy, and rejecting all measures 
and all men that fall short of that standard. Personally he 
is one of the most genial and attractive of men. Although 
he early became an adopted son of New York, and is cher- 
ished as a son by Kentucky, in whose blue-grass region he 
pursued his academical studies. New Jersey still claims him 
as her own by right of nativity, and asserts her title to share 
in his brilliant professional renown. Happily for him and 
for them his renown is great enough to go all round. He 
H-as married, January 25th, 1S49, to Eliza A. Hall, daugh- 
ter of Charles H. Hall, of Harlem. 



CHUREMAN, REV. JOHN, Pastor of the Re- 
formed Dutch Church at Millstone, New Jersey, 
Vice-President of the New Brunswick College, 
late of New Brunswick, was born near that place, 
October igth, 1778. In 1795 he graduated from 
the college there, and, after pursuing his theo- 
logical studies under the guidance of Dr. Livingston, was 
licensed to preach in 1800. In the course of the following 
year he settled at Bedminster, where he remained for six 
years. The Consistory of Millstone, possessing no parson- 
age, had disposed of all interest in their last property to Six 
Mile Run church ; he lived, after accepting the call of April 
20th, 1807, on the place afterward occupied by Jacob Van 
Cleeve, near BlackweU's mills. During his ministry an 
important reformation in the management of the finances 
of the church was attempted, and met with partial success. 
Many of the pew-holders surrendered their old deeds to 
the consistory, and received new ones in return, in which 
the pews were made directly assessable for all the expenses 
of the church. But his short pastorate there jirevented the 
plan from being carried out fully, and in 182S, at there- 
building of the church, " it was, unfortunately, not estab- 
lished." November 17th, 1S09, the consistory agreed to 
his request to dissolve their relations, he having accepted a 
call to the Collegiate Church in New York. During the 
two years and a half of his ministiy at Millstone he received 
into the church, on profession, seventeen ; and by certificate 
ten. His health soon failed him in New York, and in iSlI 
he removed to New Brunswick, having been chosen Vice- 
President, as successor to Dr. Condict. He received, mean- 
while, successive calls from the church of New Brunswick, 
and in the spring of 1813 w.is installed as its p.astor. " But 
his poor health, in three months, compelled him to give up 
this charge." In 1815 the church, appreciating his abilities, 



BIOGRArniCAL ENCYCLOr.F.DIA. 



509 



appointed him Trofessor of History and Church Govern- 
ment. Dr. Livingston writes concerning him: "He was 
mild and pleasant; discerning and firm; steadfast, Init not 
ol5s(inate; zealous, but not assuming. The frequent hemor- 
rhage of his lungs, and the habitual weakness of his consti- 
tution, prevented him from close and intense studies ; yet 
lie was a good belles-lettres scholar. His style was correct 
and pure; and he made such progress In the official 
branches of his professorship that his lectures upon eccle- 
si.astical history and pastoral theology were highly accept- 
alile and veiy useful. The suavity of his manners and the 
]>ropriety of his conduct endeared him to the students, and 
recommended him to the respect and allection of all who 
knew him. He was growing into extensive usefulness, 
and, had he lived and progressed as he began, would have 
become a treasure to the Theological College." He died 
at New Brunswick, in May, iSiS. 



lABRISKIE, REV. JOHN L. ("Father Zabris- 
kie"). Pastor of the Reformed Dutch Church 
at Millstone, New Jersey, was born March 4th, 
1779. He was of Polish extraction, having de- 
scended from Albert Saboroweski, who arrived in this 
country in the ship " Fox," in 1662, and settled at once in 
Hackensack, New Jersey; he had studied for the Lutheran 
ministry, it is s.aid, but was in some manner impressed into 
the army, and at a favorable moment availed himself of an 
o|)portunity which offered to effect a safe flight to the new 
world. He purchased from the Indians a large tract of 
land, called Paramus, where many of his children resided 
permanently, and whence the family has sent forth numer- 
ous members and branches. He graduated at Union Col- 
lege in 179S, being a member of the first class in that insti- 
tution, and in iSoi was licensed to preach by the Classis 
of Rensselaer. He first settled over the united churches 
of Greenbush and Wynantskill, succeeding Rev. J. V. C. 
Romeyn, and where he continued fur about eight years. 
" He preached here for the first in the month of February, 
1810, and moved to Millstone in May, 1811, and was in- 
stalled by Rev. Mr. Cannon." The church, at the time of 
his settlement, had not more than about seventy members 
and eighty- four families; and his ministry began about the 
time when the incipient steps were in progress of all those 
great union associations of piety and philanthropy " which 
have since so greatly blessed, and are still blessing, our 
world." He was among the earliest friends of the New 
Jersey Bible Society, the first of those State societies which, 
when their numbers had increased, merged themselves into 
the one grand American Bible Society. " It seems to have 
been his work to build up this church to strength and num- 
bers through the Spirit's influence, that she might then take 
an active and important, yea, a prominent, part in these 



great plans of God." Shortly after his settlement, early in 
1812, the consistory .igain provided a parson.age property 
for themselves. They bought the lot, afterward occupied by 
Dr. Fred. Blackwell, of Daniel Disborough for $1,250, ami 
immedi.-ite repairs bestowed swelled this amount to $2,232. 
During the first eighteen years of his ministry he preached 
in the old church. The building had received a slight re- 
pairing during the Revolution, and a more considerable 
one in 17S3; again in iSoo it was very thoroughly reno- 
vated, and the pews rearranged ; in 1805 was agitated the 
matter of putting in a gallery, but the project did not meet 
with success. The old building continued to be occupied 
till April 22d, 1828, the subject of rebuilding " having been 
agitated for twenty-five years, without a majority being able 
to agree on the best course." On May 26th, 1827, how- 
ever, a memorial was presented to the consistoiy, signed by 
eighty persons, respectfully requesting a call to the congre- 
gation for a meeting to devise means for enlarging or re- 
building the church edifice. Frequent meetings were held, 
and finally the consistoiy determined that, in conformity 
with the wishes of a large portion of the congregation, a 
new church should be erected, the edifice to be built after 
the model of the new structure at Six Mile Run. The 
Building Committee consisted of Stephen Garretson, Daniel 
H. Disborough and Abraham Beekman, subject to the di- 
rection of the consistory. The comer-stone was laid June 
8th, 1828, and an address delivered by the pastor from 
Gen. xxviii. 22. The church was dedicated on Christmas, 
Sabbath, 1828. His ministry, respecting additions to the 
church during the occupancy of the old building, had been 
quite successful ; and during his whole ministry in the new 
church, of twenty-two years, he received 280 on profession 
of faith, and 118 by certificates from other churches; while, 
during his whole pastorate of forty years, the total number 
received was 446 by profession, and 162 by certificate. His 
last report to classis, in the spring of 1850, makes the church 
membership to be then 291, and 176 families. "Father 
Zabriskie died August I5lh, 1850, at the age of seventy-one 
years. His dust lies in the adjoining churchyard, where 
his memorial monument reminds the passer-by of the 
venerable ' minister of God ' of more than half a centuiy's 
service." 



OUNG, NELSON, Merchant and Banker, of Som- 
erville. New Jersey, was born near Flemington, 
Hunterdon county, in that State, in 1814. His 
father was William P. Young, an old and highly- 
esteemed citizen of Hunterdon. He received a 
fair business education, and during several years 
was engaged with his brother in the milling business near 
Flemington. In the year 1842 he removed to the city in 
which he at ])resent resides, and entered into the grain 
trade there. Here he continued by himself till 1848. In 



S'O 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA. 



that year the firm of Young & Bound was organized, for 
wholesale and retail business in the same Hne of trade, and 
the seat of business removed from Flemington to New 
Y'ork. It soon became one of the largest establishments in 
the grain trade in New York, and continued to hold that 
position till 1863, when Mr. Young relinquished business, 
retired from the firm, and, returning to Somerville, took up 
his permanent residence there. On the organization of the 
First Nation.al Bank, of Somerville, which took place about 
that lime, Mr. Young was elected its Vice-President, a 
position which he held till the retirement of Colonel Hope 
from the presidency of that institution, in 1S74. He was 
then elected its President, an office he still holds. He is 
also President of the Dime Savings Bank, of Somerville, 
and has been since that institution was organized. He is a 
strong Republican, and has belonged to the party from the 
earliest date of its formation. He is, however, neither an 
active politician nor an office-seeker, having never either 
sought or held office. In 1842 he married the daughter 
of Mr. Jones, of Flemington, New Jersey. 



|AN FLEET, HON. ABRAHAM V., Vice-Chan- 
cellor of the State of New Jersey, was born in 
Hunterdon county. New Jersey, about 1825 ; was' 
admitted to the bar in the November term, 1S52, 
and made counsellor in 1S58. He opened his 
first law office in Flemington, New Jersey, where 
he soon acquired an extensive and lucrative practice. Al- 
though an ardent Republican and sincere believer in the 
doctrines of that party, he has taken no active interest in 
politics, devoting himself to the interest of his profession. 
In 1S75 he was appointed by Chancellor Runy.an,,and com- 
missioned by Governor Bedle, Vice-Chancellor of the .State 
of New Jersey for five years; his term of office will expire 
in 1880. In the office of Vice-Chancellor he has confirmed 
his previous reputation of being one of the finest chancery 
l.iwyers of the State. 



[iGILVIE, ALEXANDER, Merchant, late of Ehza- 
beth, was born in Stirling, Scotland, August 2d, 
1767. Of his father he had but little remem- 
brance, but of his mother he often spoke with the 
tenderest affi;ction. The minister of his chdd- 
hood was Rev. Mr. Stuart, of whose person and 
preaching he had a most vivid recollection, and to whose 
fidelity he bore the strongest testimony. He became, early 
in life, a communicant of the church, and was a scrupulous 
and pious Christian. He arrived in New York in 1794, 
and at once connected himself with the church in Cedar 
street, of which the late Dr. John M. Mason was the youth- 
ful and eloquent pastor. Subsequently he removed his 



membership to the church in Pearl street, then under the 
pastoral care of Rev. Dr. Phillips, of which he was or- 
dained an elder in February, 1823. In the vigorous and 
faithful discharge of the duties of that office he continued 
dining the pastorale of Dr. Phillips, Mr. Montcith and Drs. 
Rice and Rowland, until his removal to Elizabeth, New 
Jersey, in the spring of 1836. For the church there, its 
pastors and its members, he maintained an affection pecu- 
liarly strong. Soon after his connection with it he was 
elected to the office of Ruling Elder, and was installed 
March 4th, 1837. " His life-business in New York was 
that of a merchant. And whilst he was successful in his 
calling, and twice met with reverses that swept from him 
much of his gains, his high integrity was never questioned." 
He died in Elizabeth, New Jersey, in the spring of 1S57. 



COVEL, HON. ALDEN CORTLANDT, Lawyer, 
of Camden, son of the Rev. AKlen .Scovel, some 
time Principal of the Hudson River Seminary, 
New York, was born at Princeton, New Jersey, 
June 13th, 1830. His preliminary education was 
received mainly under the able tuition of his 
father; and having determined upon law as his profession 
he went through the prescribed course of study, and in 1856 
w.as admitted to practise .as an attorney at the New Jersey 
bar. In the same year he established himself In Camden, 
and in 1859 — having been, meanwhile, admitted as a coun- 
sellor — he formed a partnership with the Hon. George M. 
Robeson that continued until the latter was appointed Sec- 
retary of the Navy. Early identifying himself with the 
Republican party, he has now for a number of years been 
prominent in local and Stale politics, and has been elected 
to various positions of importance in both the municipal 
and Stale governments. For a considerable period he was 
Clerk to the Board of Chosen Freeholders of Camden, and 
at the same time was counsel to that body; in 1867 was 
elected, by popular vole. City Solicitor of Camden for a 
term of two years, and in 1869 was re-elected for a term of 
three years. He has also served for three years in the 
Camden City Councils. The esteem in which he is held in 
the business community of the city may be inferred from 
the fact that he is a Director of and counsel to the National 
Slate Bank of Camden — one of the oldest and most sub- 
stantial financial institutions in New Jersey. His career in 
Slate politics began in 1S74, when he was elected to the 
Assembly, a position to which he has since been annually 
re-elected. At the beginning of the first session of 1877 he 
was made, by acclamation, Ihe Republican nominee for 
Speaker, and was only defeated in Ihe eleclion for that 
office through the change of vote of four members of his 
party. In all the |Hiblic positions which he has held, and 
especially since his eleclion to the Assembly, he has served 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.KDIA. 



liis cnn';liliients faithrully am! well; r.nil tlic manner in 
which he lias liecn constantly advanced to places of in- 
creased trust and responsibility is the best evidence that, 
reciprocally, his constituents have appreciated and held in 
proper esteem his elticient services. 

/ -^^ 

USTIN, REV. DAVin, gener.illy known as the 
" Prophet," and formerly Pastor of the Presby- 
terian Church at EliiaI)ethtown, was born in New 
Haven, Connecticut, in 1760, and w.is a descend- 
ant of John Austin, who married, November 5th, 
1667, Mercy, daughter of Joshua Atwater, and 
died in 1690. His father, David Austin, was a highly 
respectable and prosperous merchant, who held for some 
lime the position of collector of the customs. His daughter, 
M.iry, who resided with her brother in Elizabethtown, 
became the wife of Rev. Professor Andrew Yates, D. D., 
of .Schenectady, New York. From early childhood David was 
trained in pious ways; graduated at Yale College in 1779, 
having been associated in study with such men as Joel 
Birlow, Josiah Meigs, Zephaniah Smith, Noah ^Vebstcr, 
Oliver Wolcolt, Elizur Goodrich, and Roger Griswold ; and 
pursued his theological studies imder the direction of Dr. 
Joseph Bellamy, at Bethlehem, Connecticut. In May, 1780, he 
W.-IS licensed .at North Guilford, by the New Haven East 
Association. Young as he w.as he preached with singular 
acceptance, and was earnestly solicited to settle in the 
ministiy. But, declining all such proposals, he went abroad 
at the close of the war. After spending some time in 
foreign countries he returned to America, and temporarily 
.supplied the pulpit of the Chelsea (Second) Congregational 
Church, Norwich, Connecticut, where he became acquainted 
with the family of Dr. Joseph Lathrop, whose daughter, 
I.ydia, he eventually married. The A'mi Jersey Journal, of 
Wednesday, September loth, 17S8, says: "Yesterday, in a 
crowded and solemn assembly, the Rev. David Austin was 
ordained pastor of the Presbyterian Church in this town 
(Elizabeth). The Rev. Mr. Roe preached the sermon. Dr. 
Rogers, who presided, gave the charge to the minister, and 
Dr. Macwhorter to the people." The erection of the church 
there was then prosecuted with increased energy ; he secured 
the building of its "graceful spire," and obtained subscrip- 
tions for the purchase of a bell. He also evinced a deep 
interest in the cause of education, and in the promotion of 
everything connected with the public welfare. One of the 
first literary enterprises in which he embarked was the pub- 
lication, bimonthly, of The C'lrh/ian's, Sc/io/ar's and 
I-'itrmer's Magazine, whose initial number was for " April 
and May, 17S9." It was printed at East Town, by Shep- 
ard Kollock, one of the proprietors. At the close of the 
first year it was spoken of as a success, and was continued 
through the second year. About the year 1790 he began 
the publication, by subscription, of "The American 



5" 

Preacher," a scri.al, containing some of the choicest dis- 
courses of living American divines, without respect to 
denomination ; the first two volumes were issued January 
1st, 1791. Other gentlemen were associated wiih him in 
the enterprise, " but it was his work almost wholly." As 
early as January ist, 1791, he had begun to take an interest 
in prophetic studies. " Nor was he, at the time, singular 
in this respect. The pulpit resounded with earnest utter- 
ances on the downfall of B.nbylon, and the speedy comino- 
of the Millennial reign of Christ and his saints." In pur- 
suing the study of these mysterious oracles he was but yield- 
ing to the prevailing current of popular opinion. In the 
spring of 1793 he preached a remarkable discourse, first to 
his own church, and then, on the evening of April 7th, at New 
York, that produced a profound sensation. This discourse, 
delivered from short notes, he subsequently wrote out, 
amplified, and illustrated with numerous citations. It was 
printed by Mr. Kollock, and made its appearance. May i.l, 
1794, as " The Downfall of Mystical Babylon ; or, a Key to 
the Providence of God, in the Political Operations of 
'793-4-" In connection with the sermon he republished 
Rev. Dr. Bellamy's " Discourse on the Millennium," and 
Edwards' " Humble Attempt," etc., the whole forming an 
octavo volume of four hundred and twenty-si,\ p.ages, wiih 
the title, "The Millennium, or the Thousand Years of 
Prosperity," etc. At the time his teachings were deemed 
sound and scriptural ; the method of interpretation and the 
style of argument differed not at all from what was then 
almost universally accepted. In the year 1795, after a 
violent visitation of scarlet fever, he became perfectly con- 
vinced that he had ascertained the precise day of the advent 
of Christ ; and delivered a series of discourses, with wonder- 
ful animation, and in language of surpassing eloquence. 
The congregation were deeply moved, "some not knowing 
what to believe, a few utterly unbelieving, but the greater 
part carried away with the holy fervor of their beloved 
pastor. The excitement spread through all the region 
round about." At length, May Sth, 1796, he announced 
that the Lord would surely come on the ensuing Lord's 
day, the 15th. Of course a prodigious excitement followed 
such a startling piece of intelligence. In the midst of the 
ferment, he " made his arrangements to receive his adorable 
Lord in a becoming manner. Several young females were 
selected, for whom white raiment was prepared, that they 
might attend upon the Lord at his coming." Much of the 
time during the week was, not unreasonably, occupied with 
religious exercises; and on the evening of the 14th a 
crowded and deeply agitated meeting was held in the 
Methodist church. The long-expected' day arrived, the bell 
tolled, the church was full to overflowing, but the sky was 
troubled by no unusual visitation. After " long and weari- 
some waiting," he preached, taking for his text, " My Lord 
dekayeth his coming." A slight error in the computation 
of dates had been made— so it was suggested— and some 
satisfied themselves with the ex|)laiiation. But the congre- 



513 



EIOGRAnilCAL EXCVCLOr.EDIA. 



gation was distracted, the more substantial portion dis- 
affected and deeply grieved. He then took the vow of a 
Nazarite, and gave himself up a'most wholly to the work 
of announcing Christ's coming. His labors were incessant ; 
often he preached thrice a day, and went eveiyvvhere, 
through all the neighborhood, calling upon men to repent. 
In April, I797j a meeting of the congregation was held in 
the church, and a committee appointed to wait on him. In 
his answer to it, he declared that it was his fixed and un- 
alterable determination to institute a new church, and to set 
up a new order of things in ecclesiastical concerns, inde- 
pendent of presbytery, of the synod, or of the General As- 
sembly. He professed to have received an extraordinary 
and direct call from God to engage in the work. The con- 
gregation then again met, April 19th, and determined to 
apply to the presbytery for a dissolution of the pastoral 
relation. At its meeting, in New York, the application was 
received, and on the following day the presbytery called 
upon him to know if he concurred in it. He thereupon 
renounced that body's jurisdiction, and withdrew ; and the 
presbyter)', after due deliberation, granted the application, 
and put on record their sense of the whole matter. He 
supplied for a time, in 1797-9S, the pulpit at Greenfield, in 
Fairfield, Connecticut, and afterward removed to East Haven, 
and found a home at the house of his uncle. Rev. Nicholas 
Street, his wife having returned to her father's house in 
Norwich. At New Haven, he embarked in a building 
enterprise, involving a large outlay of money, by which he 
exhausted his resources, and incurred obligations that he 
was unable to meet. In November, 1799, after returning 
to Elizabethtown, and " embracing every opportunity of 
resuming his ministerial work," he announced, in the 
Journal, the publication of " The First Vibration of the 
Juljilee Trmnp." At the announcement of the death of 
AVashington, the corporation, December 24th, requested 
him to deliver a funeral oration in the Presbyterian church, 
and he complied with the request. On the following day 
he performed the same service at the cantonment on Greek 
Brook, Scotch Plains; and again at Springfield, on the Ist 
of January. He sought to make converts to his views, and 
to defend himself against opposers, by a communication in 
the Jouinal, of January 28th, 1800, signed " The Pharez 
of God." He died, it is supposed, in New Jersey, in the 
earlier years of the present century. 



]UDD, REV. JOHN CHURCHILL, D. D., Pastor 
of St. John's (Episcopal) Church, of Elizabeth- 
town, New Jersey, was born at Norwich, Con- 
necticut, May 24th, 1779. He was the eldest 
child of Jonathan Rudd, and Mary Huntington, 
daughter of Deacon Barnabas Huntington; his 
giandfather, Samuel, was, probably, a great-grandson of 
Jonalh.in, who was at New Haven in 1644. His ancestors 
were of Puritan faith, and he, inclining to their church, 



was reared as a Congregationalist. He was fitted for col- 
lege under the tuition of Rev. Samuel Nott, of Norwich, 
West Farms, now Franklin, Connecticut, but was not 
favored with a collegiate course. Upon attaining his 
majority he went to New York, and made that city his 
home, connecting himself there with the Episcop.al Church. 
Having prepared for the ministry, under the direction of 
Bishop Moore, and Rev. J. H. Hobart, he was ordained by 
the former as a deacon, April 28th, 1S05, and thereafter was 
employed for several months as a missionary on Long 
Island. J. H. Holjart, having married some years pre- 
viously a daughter of Rev. Dr. Chandler, " doubtless intro- 
duced him to the pulpit of St. John's Church," where he 
preached, for the first time, July 21st, 1805. The congre- 
gation then seldom exceeded a hundred souls, and the com- 
municants were sixty in number. A new steeple was 
erected in 1S07, and other improvements were made in the 
church edifice. In 1808 the length of the house was in- 
creased seventeen feet, and the interior entirely renovated. 
In 1810 his salary was raised from SSOO to S600. In 1813 
he became the editor of a new series oi The Churchman' s 
Magazine and the place of publication w.-is changed from 
New York to Elizabethtown. Other improvements were 
made in the church edifice in 1818; and the parsonage 
house was rebuilt, at an expense of about $3,000. For 
several yeara he conducted also a classical school in his 
house with great and merited success. July 31st, 1S23, the 
University of Pennsylvania conferred on him the degree of 
Doctor of Divinity. Owing to the loss of health, and par- 
ticularly of his voice, he was released from his parochial 
charge June Ist, 1826, and in the course of the ensuing 
month removed to Auburn, New York, where, and at 
Utica, New York, as teacher, rector, and editor of The 
Gospel Messenger, his remaining days were spent. After 
suffering greatly, and for many years, from a rheumatic 
afiection, he died at his home in Utica, November 15th, 
1848, greatly lamented by his own church and others. His 
remains, at his own request, were brought to Elizabethtown, 
and buried, on the iQlh, in St. John's church-yard. He 
was married, January 22d, 1S03, at New York, Dr. Hobart 
officiating, to Phebe Eliza Bennett, daughter of Edward 
Bennett, of Shrewsbury, New Jersey ; she died in October, 
1867, aged eighty-eight years, having survived him nearly 
nineteen years. In addition to his editorial work, he pub- 
lished, at various periods, more than a dozen discourses, 
sermons, etc. 



ORRELL, REV. THOMAS, known as " Father 
Monell," Officer in the RevoIulion.ary Army, late 
of Elizabethtown, was the eldest child of Jonathan 
Morrell, and was born at New York, November 
22d, 1747. His father was a native of Newtown, 
Long Island, and a grandson of Thomas Morrell, 
who was at Gravesend, Long Island, in 1650, and at New- 



BIOGRArillCAL ENCVCLOPvEUIA. 



5>3 



town as early as 1655, where he died about 1704. When 
tidings of the battle of Lexington reached Ehzabethtown, ?, 
company of volunteers was immediately gathered, of which 
he, benig a leading spirit among his fellows, was chosen 
Captam. He was in command of one of the boats that 
captured the " lilue Mountam Valley," off Sandy HooU, 
January 23d, 1776; and took an active part in the measures 
adopted to protect ihe town and neighborhood, during the 
following summer and autumn, against the British and Hes- 
sians. In June, 1776, he received a captain's commission, 
with orders to muster a company of seventy-eight men, and 
report to General Washington, then at New York. Two 
companies ol militia were parading m front of the Presby- 
terian church, and from these, by means of a fiery harangue, 
Jie filled his quota. They were equipped and ready, at 
New Vork, for service, six days after the Declaration of 
Independence. They were attached to the New Jersey 
Brigade, under General Heard, of Woodbndge, and in the 
fatal engagement at Flatbush, August 27th, 1776, were 
nearly cut to pieces. Their captain fell, severely wounded, 
and barely escaped destruction. He was removed, first to 
New York, and (hen to his father's house in Elizabelhtown, 
where he remained, unable lo report for duty, until the 
advent of Cornwallis and his army of invasion, when he 
found a place ol refuge at the house of Rev. Jonathan 
Elmer, at New Providence. He was subsequently appointed 
a Major in the 4th Jersey Regiment, and served through the 
campaign of 1777, or until the attack on Germantown, 
Pennsylvania, October 3d, in which he was an active par- 
ticipant. He also distinguished himself in the action at 
Brandywine, September nth. His health had now become 
so much impaired that, with the reluctant assent of Wash- 
ington, who esteemed him highly, he withdrew from mili- 
tary service, and resumed his mercantile pursuits, in which 
he continued thenceforward for a period of nearly ten 
years.' The change which then ensued is best told in his 
own words: " In the month of October, 1785, I was awak- 
ened by the preaching of Rev. John Hagerty, and in March, 
17S6, received the witness of God's Spirit of my acceptance. 
In June, 17S6, I began to preach as a local preacher, in 
Ehzabethtown, and in several parts of the circuit. In 
March, 1787, I began to ride as a travelling preacher, and 
rode on Ehzabethtown Circuit twenty months with Robert 
Cloud. At the Conference in New York, in October, 178S, 
I was ordained deacon (nearly forty-one years old) and 
appointed to the Trenton Circuit, with John Merrick and 
Jethro Johnson. At the June Conference, in New York, 
in 17S9, was ordained an elder, and appointed for that city, 
witn Brother Cloud, who was with me twelve months, and 
Brother Merrick, four months." He continued at New 
York, most of the time, for nearly five years, residing at No. 
32 John street During the first six months he built the 
Forsyth Street Church, the funds for which he raised him 
self The church was dedicated November 8th, 1789. A 
great revival followed, resulting in four hundred conversions, 
65 



and two hundred accessions to the society, within nine 
weeks from January 1st, 1790. At the Conference of that 
year he w.as appointed Presiding Elder for the district in- 
cluding New York, East Town, I.ong Island, New Rochelle, 
and Newburgh Circuits. In the winter of 1791-92 he 
travelled with Bishop Asbuiy through the .Southern Stales. 
He was stationed several months at Charleston, and returned 
to New York in June, 1792. In March, 1794, he left the 
city, and retireil to Ehzabethtown, having found in the 
society at the former place, in 1789, about three hundred 
members, and left it with more than eight hundred and fifty. 
During the ensuing winter he w.as stationed at Philadelphia, 
but, in consequence of a severe illness, w.as laid aside for 
about four years. In 1799 he was stationed at Baltimore, 
Maryland, and there remained for two years. In May, 1801, 
though appointed to New York, he returned to his home 
and there remained for about a year. In 1S02, with his 
newly-married wife, he consented to be stationed at New 
York; but in February, 1S04, he retired from the itinerant 
connection, and became a permanent resident of Elizabeth- 
town. The meeting-house of the Methodist Society had 
been built soon after the organization of the church ; it was 
a small frame building, adapted to the wants of a feeble 
congregation. In thi> humble structure once, at least, every 
Sabbath, he took delight in preaching to all who came. At 
the time of his return to the town he was preaching in the 
Presbyterian church. When the congregation voted against 
continuing him in their service, his friends procured for him 
the use of the Methodist church. The division in the Pres- 
byterian church then induced quite a number of families to 
attach themselves to his lively and energetic ministry. 
During a period r"" more than thirty-four years he continued 
in the faithful discharge of his duties as a Christian minister, 
rarely failing to preach once every Sabbath, until he had 
attained his eighty-seventh year. As " Father Morrell," he 
was known, revered, and greatly honored by all classes of 
people in the town, many from the other churches, the 
young as well as the old, " resorting frequently to hear Ihe 
old soldier discourse of the great salvation." He took an 
active part in all measures for the improvement of the town, 
and especially in those designed for the advancement of 
morality and religion. On all patriotic occasions — Fourth 
of July celebrations, etc ■ — he was invariably present as 
actor or spectator. During the war of 1812-15 his 
counsels and other services were freely tendered, and were 
invaluable; and, so late as July 4th, 1828, at fourscore 
years of age, he delivered an oration in the Presbyterian 
church, " full of patriotic fire, and worthy of the occasion." 
On the 9th of August, 1838, after a severe illness of six 
months' duration, he died, in his ninety-first year, having 
been a faithful and honored minister of the gospel for more 
than fifty-two years. " He was r.ilher .short in stature, but 
strongly built. His neck was short, his head not large, his 
eye bright and blue, his lips thin, and his whole appearance 
indicative pjf pu(;h more than ordinary firmness." He was 



S>4 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENXVCLOP.EDIA. 



ihrice married. The name of his first wife, whom he mar 
tied about Octciier isi, lySg, has not been preserved; she 
was the mother of two children, Elizalieth H., and Catharine, 
who married Benjamin Wade. His second wife — Bishop 
Asbury officiating — w.as Lydia, a daughter of George p'razee, 
of Westfield , she had three children : Francis Asbury, Cath- 
arine, who married Rev. William A. Wilmer, and Francis 
Asbury (2d), who married Mary, a daughter of Jonathan 
Griffith. His third wife was Eunice, widow of Theodorus 
James Hamilton, a well-known merchant of Elizabelhtown; 
.she was the daughter of Uzal Woodruff and Elizabeth, 
daughter of Samuel Ogden and Hannah Hatfield , she had 
but one child, Eunice Theodosia, who became the second 
■wife of Hon. ApoUos Morrell Elmer, a grandson of Rev. 
Jonathan Elmer. 



pointed Deputy-Mayor of the borough, and from that dale 
.also was a Trustee of the Presbyterian Church uniil his de- 
cease. The A'etv Jersey Journal, of July 12th, 1814, has 
this notice : " Died on Saturday Last (gih), General William 
Crane, in the sixty-seventh year of his age. In the year 1775 
he entered the Continental service, and at the reduction of 
St. John's, or Montreal, received a wound in his leg, which 
was never cured. About seventeen months since, his leg 
was amputated, with fiallering prospects, hut that last resort 
had been too long deferred, and he fell a victim to the in- 
curable wound. His character a.s a citizen and soldier stood 
pre-eminent, and he lived beloved, and died lamented. His 
funeral was attended, on Sunday, by a vast concourse of 
people from this and the neighboring parishes, who testified 
his worth as a man." 



'RANK, GENERAL WILLIAM, Patriot of the 
Revolution, late of Elizahethtown, New Jersey, 
was born in that place, in 1748; and was the 
son of Hon. Stephen Crane, a prominent and 
useful citizen of the troublous period of the con- 
test between America and Great Britain; he was 
the son of Daniel, and grandson of Stephen Crane, " the 
Planter," of Elizaljethtown. Being in the full vigor of his 
early manhood at the beginning of the revolutionary war 
he at once espoused his country's cause, and, in common 
with several of his townsmen, attached himself, as Lieu- 
tenant of an artillery company, to the Canada expedition, 
under Montgomery. At the time of his commander's fall, 
before Quebec, December 31st, 1775, he received a bomb- 
shell wound in one of his ankles, from which he suffered 
until his death, nearly forty years afterward. S.ays Rev. 
Edwin F. Hatfield, in his excellent " History of Elizabeth": 
" One act more of aggressive hostility, on the part of citizens 
of this town, March, 1783, remains to be narrated. It will 
be told in the words of Major William Crane, the leader of 
the enterprise, as written the next day : ' I have the pleasure 
to inform you of the capture of the sloop " Katy," of twelve 
double-fortified twelve-pounders, containing one hundred 
and seventeen puncheons of Jamaica spirits, lying, at the 
time of capture, within pistol-shot of the grand battery at 
New York, and alongside of the ship " Eagle," of twenty- 
four guns, which we also took, but were obliged to leave 
there, as she lay aground. The captains and crews of both 
the vessels were brought up by us in the sloop to this place, 
where we have them secure. This was performed on the 
night of the 3d of March (Monday), by six townsmen, un- 
der the command of Captain Quigley and myself, without 
the firing of a musket by any of our p.irty.' " The vessel 
and cargo were sold at auction, at Elizahethtown, Mond.-iy, 
March 17th, following. For various acts of bravery, and 
eminent services on the field, he was promoted, after the 
war, to a Prigadiefship of militia, Jn JS07 he w-as ap- 



H 



4 



(5 



RANK, COMMODORE WILLIAM M., United 
States Navy, son of General William Crane, who 
served as an officer in the revolutionary army, was 
born in Elizahethtown, New Jersey, February 1st, 
1776. In May, 1799, he entered the navy as 
Midshipman ; in July, 1803, was made a Lieu- 
tenant, and served before Tripoli, under Commodore Ed- 
ward Preble, and was present at all the attacks made on the 
city. He was serving on board the " Chesapeake " at the 
time of her action with the " Leopard." At the commence- 
ment of the war with England he was appointed to the 
command of the brig " Nautilus," of fourteen guns, in 
which he was captured, in July, 1S12, by a British squadron, 
soon after sailing from New York. On his exchange he 
was ordered to the Lakes, where, in command of the 
" Madison and Pike," in the squadron of Commodore 
Chauncey, he served with distinction for the remainder of 
the war. From 1S15 until the lime of his dece.ase he was 
veiy constantly employed in important services. During 
one cruise of over four years in the Mediterranean he com- 
manded successively the " Independence " ship-of-the-line, 
the "Erie" sloop, and the frigates "Constellation" and 
" L^nited States." In 1827 he was appointed to command 
the American squadron in that sea, the "Delaware" ship-of- 
the-line bearing his flag. While on this service he acted 
as joint Commissioner with Mr. Offley, United States consul 
at Smyrna, to open negotiations with the Ottoman govern- 
ment preliminary to a commercial treaty, which was soon, 
afterward concluded. In 1S41 he was appointed Navy 
Commissioner; and in 1842, when the Navy Department 
was reorganized, was made Chief of the Bureau of Ord- 
nance and Hydrography, which he administered until near 
the close of his days. In this last-named position he de- 
monstrated yet more conspicuously his high administrative 
ability, his department being managed with admirable 
efficiency and economy. He died in Washington, District 
of Columbia, March l8th, 1846. 





'^c 



^^€^ 



S'S 



IXCH, FREDERICK A., M. D., Physician and 
Surgeon, in Weslfiekl, was l)oin in New York 
cily, March I2lh, 1822. His parents died while 
he was quite young, consequently he was thrown 
^i?j>- upon his own resources and energy for his future 
success in Hfe. This circumstance, which would 
have discouraged many, seems in his case to have served 
as an incentive. He attended the public schools during 
his boyhood and youth, and on arriving at years of ma- 
turity engaged in teaching in Mount Hope, Orange county. 
New York, and at the same time he spent liis leisure 
hours and evenings in the study of medicine and surgerj' 
under the instruction of Drs. Wm. C. Terry and D. F. 
Graham. After the study of medicine and surgery for four 
years, including his attendance upon lectures in the Univer- 
sity of the City of New York, he was admitted to practise 
by the New York State Medical Society; and in 1S49, re- 
moving to Westfield, New Jersey, commenced the practice 
of medicine and surgery in that place. In accordance with 
the laws of the State then in force, he submitted to an 
examination before the State Medical Society of New Jersey, 
and received his license May 1st, 1851. He has continued 
to practise in \Yestfield and vicinity up to the present ; hav- 
ing acquired a comfortable competence and a happy home, 
and having devoted all his time and ability to relieve suffer- 
ing humanity and assuage the maladies of mankind, he 
feels rewarded by a grateful people, and the smiles of a kind 
and beneficent Providence. He was married to Harriet 
Little, daughter of Colonel ^Villiam S. Little, of Mount 
Hope, Orange county. New York, February 6th, 1S50. 
He is a member of the District Medical Society of the 
County of Union, and in 1S73-74 occupied the Fresideutial 
chair. 



>^IXCn, CHARLES A., A. B., M. D., Physician 
and Surgeon, of Westfield, is the son of Dr. 
Frederick A. Kinch, whose biographical sketch 
immediately precedes, and is his associate in 
'"'V^ practice. He was born in Westfield, New Jersey, 
August 30th, 1851. Until he was thirteen years 
of age he attended the public school of his native town, 
and was then transferred to Grammar School No. 35, 
Thirteenth street. New York city. In regular course he 
entered the College of the City of New York, and gradu- 
ated with honor in the year 1S70. He was awarded a 
special prize in chemistry by Prof R. O. Doremus. He 
received the degree of Doctor of Medicine from the College 
of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, in the year 1873, 
and at once entered upon the practice of his profession. 
October 24th, 1S76, he married Carrie E., the eldest daugh- 
ter of the late Charles Cheney, Esq., of Elizabeth, New 
Jersey. He is a member of the District Medical Society 
of the County "of Union. 



EIOGRAI'IHCAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 

•=<^OBART, REY. JOHN IIEXRY, I). D., P.nstor of 
Christ's Church, New lirunswick, N 



Jersey, 
Bishop of the Protestant E]5isco]ial Church in 
the Diocese of New York, late of Auburn, New 
York, was born in rhihadeljihia, Pennsylvania, 
September 14th, 1775. His ancestors, in 1663, 
had emigrated from Norfolk, England, and settled in Hing- 
liam, Massachusetts; his father, Enoch Hobart, was com- 
mander of a merchant ship. In 17SS he entered the Col- 
lege of Philadelphia, whence, in 1791,'he was transferred 
to Princeton College, where he graduated in 1793. ^^ 
first, owing to certain family considerations, he reluctantly 
undertook to fit himself for mercantile life in the counting- 
house of his brother-in-law ; but finding, after a brief ex- 
perience, that his tastes and inclination led him in another 
direction, he resolved to enter upon a course of preparation 
for the ministr)-. Receiving at this time an invitation to a 
tutorship at Princeton, New Jersey, he accepted the post, 
and began the discharge of his duties in Januaiy, 1796. 
At the same lime he studied theology under the guidance 
of Dr. Samuel Stanhope Smith, the president of the college. 
In the spring of 1798 he resigned his tutorship and re- 
moved to Philadelphia, where he pursued his studies under 
the supervision of Bishop White, by whom he was admitted 
to deacon's orders, June 3d, 1798, and was invited to take 
charge of two suburban parishes near Philadelphia. In 
1799 he was called to Christ's Church, New Brunswick, 
New Jersey, where he remained until he became Rector of 
St. George's Church, Hempstead, Long Island. Subse- 
quently he declined the Rectorship of St. Mark's Church, 
New York. In the following September, however, he ac- 
cepted an invitation to become an assistant minister of 
Trinity Church, New York. In iSoi he was ordained 
Priest by Bishop Provoost. He had already been Secretary 
of the House of Bishops, and was elected Secretary of the 
Convention of New York, Deputy to the General Conven- 
tions of iSoi, 1S04, and 1S08, and on the last two occa- 
sions was Secretary to the House of Clerical and Lay 
Deputies. In 1S06 Union College conferred upon him the 
degree of D. D. In February, 181 1, Bishop Moore, of 
New York, having been disabled from public service by a 
paralytic stroke, he was elected Assistant Bishop, and was 
consecr.ated on the 29th. In consci|uence of Bishop 
Moore's infirmities he was then charged with the entire duty 
of overseeing the church throughout the State of New York. 
In 1812 he was made Assistant Rector of Trinity Church, 
and, on Moore's death, in 1816, became Bishop of the diocese, 
and was also called to the Rectorship of Trinity Church. 
He was specially active in forming a theological seminaiy 
in New York, and the result of his efforts was the foundation 
of the General Theological Seminary of the Protestant Epis- 
cop.al Church. In 1821 he consented to undertake the duties 
of Professor of Pastoral Theologj' and Pulpit Eloquence in 
that institution. His health failing under his severe labors, 
in the latter part of 1823 he embarked for England, and, 



5i6 



BIOGRArillCAI. ENCYCLOr.^TDIA. 



November tst, arrived safely at Liverpool. While abroad 
he visited Great Britain, France, Switzerland, and Italy, 
and spent much of his time in investigations and inquiries 
relative to the progress of religion, and the social and moral 
condition of Europe. His first sermon, after his return 
home in 1S25, was glowing and patriotic " to an unusual 
degree." Theological education, Sunday-schools, domestic 
and foreign missions, the Bible and Prayer-Book Society, 
the Protestant Episcopal Tract Society, and other associa- 
tions of a similar character, commanded his warm and 
steady support. In 1818 he visited the Oneida Indians, and 
again in 1826, and it was through him Ihat Eleazar Wil- 
liams (who was afterward thought by some to be the lost 
Dauphin, Louis XVII.) was admitted to orders, and offici- 
ated among the aborigines. He represented the " old-fash- 
ioned high-churchman " of his day, and never scrupled to 
set forth with all boldness the views and sentiments which 
necessarily brought him into collision with Christians of 
other denominations, and which were not wholly approved 
of by many in his own church. In addition to a large num- 
ber of pamphlets, occasional sermons, and charges, he was 
the author, or editor, of several publications, which have 
had a very wide circulation. Among his more important 
works are : " Companion for the Altar," " Companion for the 
Festivals and Fasts," "Apology for Apostolic Order," " State 
of Departed Spirits," " Communicant's Manual," " Clergy- 
man's Companion," " Christian's Manual of Faith and 
Devotion," and an edition of D'Oyley and Mant's " Com- 
mentary on the Bible." He was married in May, 1800, to a 
daughter of Rev. Dr. Chandler, of Elizabelhtown, New 
Jersey, and died in Auburn, New York, September loth, 
1830. 



V 
LARK, HON. ABRAHAM, one of the Signere 



^^ 



syi^ 



of the Declaration of Independence from New 
Jersey, late of Rahway, was born at Elizabeth- 
town, New Jersey, February 15th, 1726. His 
grandfather, Thomas, was the son of Richard 
'"' (who emigrated to Elizabeth in 1678), and resided 
on the Upper or Western Road, about midway between Eliza- 
bethtown and Rahway, he had at least three sons and one 
daughter : Thomas, Abraham, and James, and Mrs. Day. 
Captain Abraham Clark, commander of the troop, outlived 
his brother Robert but fifeen d.iys ; Thomas, the eldest, was 
named in the first charter of the borough as one of the 
aldermen — " he was judge, and, I believe, keeper of the 
king's arms, as many muskets and cartouche boxes with 
the letters ' G. R.' on their covers remained in the house 
until used by our patriots." — Dr. Abraham Clark. He 
secured a good English education under competent teachers, 
and was markedly addicted to the study of mathematics and 
of civil law. A constitution naturally weak and a slender 
form prevented him from engaging in laborious pursuits, to 
which, although reared as a. farmer, he was almost wholly 



unaccustomed. His principal occupations in early life were 
surveying, conveyancing, and giving legal advice. He was 
not by profession a lawyer, but tendered advice gratuitously, 
a task for which he had rendered himself competent by the 
ardent pursuit of his favorite study. This generosity, w hich 
in those more primitive times was held in high estimation, 
procured him the honorable title of " the poor man's coun- 
sellor." His frequent services as an arbitrator of litigated 
titles to land in different counties of the Stale indicate the 
high estimation in which his integrity and the correctness of 
his judgment were held beyond the immediate circle in 
which he lived ; and this opinion is confirmed by the 
appointment of the General Assembly, which empowered 
him to settle undivided commons. Previous to the com- 
mencement of his congressional duties, the confidence 
reposed in his zeal and ability by his fellow-citizens had 
been variously manifested. As High Sheriff of the County 
of Essex, and Clerk of the Colonial Assembly at Amboy, 
under the royal dominion, he had won distinction through 
official assiduity and capacity. When the tempest of the 
Revolution began to agitate the land, he had already passed 
the meridian of life, and arrived at an age when the actions 
of men are more frequently guiiled by principle than by pas- 
sion ; and it was, therefore, under a well-settled and solemn 
conviction of the justice of the cause, that he appeared in 
the first ranks of the revolutionary phalanx, and devoted 
his remaining years to the service of his country. In the 
commencement of the conflict he distinguished himself as an 
active member of the Committee of Public Safety, as a con- 
stant attendant and assistant at popular meetings, and as a 
persevering promoter of patriotic feelings by private com- 
munication. After an unremitting series of services in HTs 
native province he was summoned to exercise his talents upon 
a more extensive stage. On the 21st of June, 1776, he was 
appointed by the Provincial Congress, in conjunction with 
Richard Stockton, John Hart, Francis Hopkinson and Dr. 
John Witherspoon, a delegate to the Continental Congress. 
They were instructed to unite with the delegates of the other 
colonies in the most vigorous measures for supporting the 
rights and liberties of America, and, should it bt deemed 
necessary or expedient for this purpose, to join with them in 
declaring the united colonies independent of Great Britain. 
He then applied himself zealously to the loyal discharge of his 
new duties, and for a long time was one of the leading mem- 
bers of the Jersey delegation. His abilities and persever- 
ance in the business of committees, and his plain, clear view 
of general measures, rendered him a valuable member of 
the House ; while his fervid patriotism and unswerving in- 
tegrity attracted the respect and admiration qf his colleagues. 
" His faith and firmness were amply tested a few days after 
he took his seat by his cordial co-operation with those who ^ 
advocated the immediate proclamation of independence, and 
it is believed that his strong conviction of the propriety of 
lhat measure united with his many political virtues in pro- 
moting his appointment." One of the first duties which 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENXVCLOr.miA. 



517 



devolved 011 h!m as a member of ihe great national council, 
involving personal safety and fortune, and above all, the 
liberties of his country, was discharged with alacrity ; and 
he affixed his name to the Declaration of Independence 
" with those feelings of pride and resolution that are excited 
by a noble but dangerous action." November 30lh, 177^' 
he was again elected by the Provincial Congress of New 
Jersey, and continued, with the exception of the session of 
1779, to be annually re-elected a delegate from that State 
until November, 17S3. During this long period of service 
his necessary intimacy with the proceedings of Congress, 
and the course and nature of the arduous and protracted 
affairs which frequency demanded a great extent of atten- 
tion, memoiy and judgment, rendered him an active and 
eminently useful member. In 1788 he again took his seat 
in the national legislature. The intervals of his non- 
election to Congress were not devoted to leisure, nor applied 
to that relief from public cares which the feebleness of his 
constitution required. His exertions and services in the 
State Legislature, of which he was a member, during those 
periods, were properly appreciated, and his influence became 
so extended that he personally incurred popular praise 
or reproach, in proportion to the applause or odium excited 
by the general acts of the Legislature. An act to regulate 
the practice in the courts of law in New Jersey, in some de- 
gree curtailing the emoluments of practitioners, was called 
** Clark's law" by the members of the bar; and they, in 
general, manifested a strong spirit of enmity toward him as 
the supposed framer of the act. He was styled the 
" father of the paper currency," although he opposed the 
emission with the whole weight of his influence, until pop- 
ular meetings were convened to devise a plan for arresting 
the course of justice and closing the courts. Contrary to 
the advice of his friends, who urged a consideration of the 
personal danger he incurred, he attended one of these meet- 
ings,4and there explained and enforced the reasons which 
induced him to desire the postponement of the emission 
until the fate of similar experiments, then in train in the 
neighboring States, might afford a practical view of their 
results. 'He w.ns instrumental for a time in calming the 
popular ferment, but was ultimately compelled to coalesce in 
a measure which appeared unavoidable. He possessed the 
reputation of being a rigid economist in all things relating 
to the public treasure ; and was one among the earliest pro- 
moters of those measures which led to a convention for the 
purpose of framing a more stable and efficacious constitution 
for the government of the States. In 1787 he was ap- 
pointed a member of the general convention which framed 
the Federal Constitution, but was prevented by ill health 
from joining in the deliberations of that illustrious assem- 
bly. He was opposed to the constitution in its primitive 
form, but his objections being removed by subsequent 
amendments, it met with his cordial approbation and sup- 
port. In the winter of 1789-90 he was appointed a com- 
tnissioner to settle the accounts of his State with the United 



States, which office he held until the ensuing election, when 
he was elected a Representative in the Second Congress, 
and continued to hold that honorable appointment imtil a 
short time previous to his decease. In the Congress of 
1794 he exerted his influence and talents in support of the 
resolutions submitted by Madison, relative to the commerce 
of the United Slates. He was also prominent during the 
troublous period of the Genet complications ; and on one 
occasion moved a resolution to prohibit all intercourse with 
Great Britain, " until full compensation was made to our 
citizens for the injuries sustained by them from British 
armed vessels, and until the Western posts should be 
delivered up." Exhausted by his political toils and in- 
creasing infirmities, he finally retired from public life on the 
adjournment of Congress, June gth, 1794. In the following 
autumn, September I5lh, he was stricken down by sun- 
stroke, which temiinated his existence in two hours. He 
died in the sixty-ninth year of his age, and was buried in 
the church-yard at Railway, New Jersey. 



" Yl ICHARDS, REV. AARON, Revolutionary Palriot 
and Presbyterian minister, late of Rahway, was 
born in Newark, New Jersey, in 171S. His 
great-grandfather, Thomas Richards, born in 
England about 1602, came to America, settled in 
Hartford, Connecticut, about 1637, and there 
died in the course of the following year; his son, John, 
born in 1631, married as early as 1656 Lydia Stocking, and 
died in 1712, at Newark, New Jersey; one of his sons, 
John Richards, was born in 1687, and married in 1717 
Jane, daughter of Deacon Azariah Crane, of Newark, New 
Jersey, and died in that town, March i6th, 1748; Mrs. 
Jane Richards, his wife, died September 12th, 1741, in her 
fifty-sixth year ; they h.ad three sons : Moses and Aaron, 
twins, and David, born in 1720. In 1743 Aaron graduated at 
Yale College, having associated there with such men as 
Governor William Livingston, Samuel Hopkins, D. D., 
Samuel Buel, D. D., James Sproat, D. D., No.ah Welles, 
D. D., William Peartree Smith, D. D., Eliphalet Williams, 
D. D., William S. Johnson, President and LL. D., Thomas 
B. Chandler, D. D., and others ; Caleb Smith, of Orange, 
New Jersey, was his classmate. He was ordained by the 
Presbytery of New York, November 15th, 1748, and in- 
stalled the first pastor of the Presbyterian Church of Rah- 
way, New Jersey, where he retained the pastoral charge 
during an uninterrupted period of forty-two years. His 
usefulness and happiness were much impaired by a morbid 
hypochondria, to which he was more or less subject durin» 
the greater part of his ministry. He is spoken of, in 1753, 
as " a pious minister under the deepest melancholy and 
temptation, harassed v\ ilh perpetual suggestions to cut his 
own throat. Naturally, however, he was gay and lively." 
Having espoused the cause of his country during the wai 



SiS 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.^JDIA. 



of the Revolution, he was compelled to flee from the 
British invaders in 1776, and to reside a few months at 
South Hanover, New Jersey, where he ministered to the 
Presbyterian Church until the time came when he was 
enabled to return to his home in safety. With advancing 
years he became more than ever a victim of the most dis- 
tressing hypochondria, " so that at length, at the age of 
seventy-two, he desisted entirely from preaching." The 
pastoral relation was dissolved November 2d, 1791, and he 
died at Rahway, May i6th, 1793, in the seventy-si.\th year 
of his age and the forty-fifth of his ministry. His wife, 
Susannah Smith, a native of England, survived him but a 
few months. They had seven children : Smith, Alexander, 
William, Samuel, Vroom, Mar)-, who married Joseph Barnett, 
of Rahway, and Betsy, who became the wife of James 
Brown, of Woodbridge. 



I AN ARTSDALEN, REV. JACOB, at one time 
Pastor of the Springfield Presbyterian Church, 
was born at Somerset, New Jersey, February Sth, 
1745, and was, as his name indicates, of Dutch 
extraction. Symon Jansen Van Arsdalen emi- 
grated from Holland to New Amsterdam in 1653, 
locating at Flatlands, Long Island, where he was classed 
among the first and most respected citizens; he died about 
the vear 1 7 10, leaving two sons, Cornelius and John, the 
prolific source of all the Van Arsdale family in America : 
Cornelius had six sons — Derick, John, Simon, Philip, .Abra- 
ham and Jacobus — who settled in Somerset county. New 
Jersey, as early as 1726; he had also three daughters — 
Alletta, Petronella and Mary. John was the great-grand- 
father of the late Cornelius C. Van Arsdale, D. D., of 
New York ; Philip, born February 12th, 1 701, at Flatlands, 
Long Island, married, April 30th, 1726, Jane Van Dyck, 
of Red Mills, Long Island (born February 23d, 1 703), and 
had eight children — Cornelius, Hendrick, Mary, Isaac, 
Philip, John, Jacob and Abraham : he died in his ninety- 
seventh year, June I7ih, 1797, at Somerset, New Jersey. 
The subject of this sketch was educated at Princeton College 
and graduated from that institution in 1765, a classmate of 
Judges Bacon and Rush, of Drs. Halsted and Rumsay, of 
Robert and Jonathan Ogden, of Rev. Samuel Kirkland, of 
Rev. Drs. Joel Benedict and Jonathan Edwards, college 
presidents, and other worthies. June iglh, 1771, he was 
ordained by the Presbytery of New Brunswick, in whose 
connection he continued until the latter part of 1774, when 
he was received by the Presbytery of New York, and put in 
charge of the church of Springfield, New Jersey. He con- 
tinued in the orderly and faithful performance of the duties 
of this office, as far as his health permitted, more than a 
quarter of a century. In the spring of 1797, and again 
three years later, he was, by reason of long-continued ill- 
ness, disqualified for preaching, and, at his request, supplies 



for his pulpit were provided by the presbytery. He was 
eventually compelled to relinquish the pastoral office, and 
was dismissed from his charge. May 6th, 1801. He married 
Mary Sutphen, of Monmouth county, New Jersey, who sur- 
vived him and died at Somerset, and had four children. 
Mary, wife of Grover Coe ; Jane, wife of Mr. Stewart, of 
Elizabethtown ; Elizabeth Ryerson, wife of Isaac Van Ars- 
dale, of Somerset ; and Elias Van Arsdale, LL. D., of 
Newark. He died at Springfield, New Jei-sey, October 24th, 
1S03. 

■'■-3 J 

Hamilton, HON. ROBERT, Lawyer, of Newton, 
was born at Hamburg, Sussex county. New Jer- 
sey, iSii. His father was General Benjamin 
Hamilton. He received a substantial education, 
directed his attention to the study of law, was ad- 
mitted to the New Jersey bar in 1S36, and was 
made counsellor three years afterward. He served two terms 
as Prosecutor of the Pleas of Sussex county, and for several 
years was Director of the Board of Chosen Freeholders. In 
1S62 he was nominated by the Democrats as their can-Iidale 
for Assembly, was elected both that and the succeeding 
year, and served during the sessions of 1863-64. During 
the latter session the Speaker, Mr. Taylor, died, and Mr. 
Hamilton was elected to succeed him. In 1872 he was 
nominated by the Democrats of the Fourth Congressional 
District as their congressional candidate. The district :s 
composed of the counties of Hunterdon, Warren, Somerset, 
and Sussex. He was elected by over 2,cxx) majority. In 
1S74 he was renominated and again elected by an increased 
majority. Mr. Hamilton is an able lawyer, and previous to 
his election to Congress had an extensive practice in all the 
State courts. He is an unflinching Democrat, and an 
earnest advocate of the doctrines of that party. 



^^ 



v/ 



OSS, HON. MILES, Merchant, of New Brunswick, 
was born nt Raritan, New Jersey, in 1S28. When 
quite young he removed witli his father to New 
Brunswick, New Jersey, where he was educateil, 
and engaged with his father in the vessel trade. 
He was for some time one of the Chosen Free- 
holders of New Brunswick, M.iyor of the city, and was for 
two years successively elected to the New Jersey Assembly. 
He is largely engaged in the wholesale coal trade, was for a 
long while a leading Bank Director, a member of the 
Board of Street Commissioners, and variously interested in 
the public institutions of New Brunswick. In 1S74 he was 
nominated by the Democrats of the Third District as their 
candidate for Congress, and although the district had elected 
a Republican re]iresentative two years previously, he was 
elected by over 2,000 majority. The Third District is com- 



BIOGRAPHICAL EN'CVCLOI'.EDIA. 



S19 



posed ofllie counties of Middlesex, Monmouth and Union. 
His congressional career has been a satisfactory one, and 
he has the entire confidence of his party. 



^EFFERS, HON. WILLIAM N., L.iwycr, late of 
Camden, New Jersey, was born in New York, 
and after being admitted to the bar of that State, 
went to New Orleans in the employ of John 
Jacob Astor. After a short stay in the South he 
removed to Cincinnati, and undertook to practise 
as a lawyer; but soon became involved in some transaction 
which occasioned an indictment to be found against him in 
the criminal court of that city, for the forgery or falsification 
of a bond. He was, however, permitted to put in bail of a 
nominal ch.aracler, and to leave without a trial. He came 
to New Jersey about the year 1S13, and after a short resi- 
dence in Mount Holly, where he secured the friendship and 
patronage of Judge Rossell, who remained his warm friend 
as long as he lived, was in 1814 examined and licensed as 
an attorney. He then took up his residence in Salem, and 
in 1817 was admitted as a counsellor. In 1834 he was 
called to the degree of serjeant-at-law. " He was never a 
well-read lawyer, but had some remarkable characteristics. 
He was a very handsome man, and distinguished for polite 
manners and a winning address." He rapidly acquired an 
extensive and lucrative practice in his profession, and as an 
advocate before a Court of Common Pleas, or a jury, won 
merited distinction as a most astute and formidable adver- 
saiy; and he had also the faculty of always retaining his 
clients, who seemed never, when worsted even, to attribute 
blame to him in the slightest degree. At an early period he 
engaged in the political movements of the hour, taking 
sides with the Democratic party. In 1827, and in several 
years afterward, he was elected a member of the Assembly, 
and in 1829 was a candidate in the caucus of the Jackson 
members for the position of Governor, but did not succeed 
in obtaining the nomination. He was also named for the 
Senile of the United States, and at one time confidently ex- 
pected to succeed. " Salem has always been a warmly 
contested county, sometimes on the one side, sometimes on 
the otl'.er." He was one of the first who engaged person- 
ally in canvassing for votes, now so common a habit as to 
occasion no surprise, and for this step was strongly con- 
demned by many who deemed it undignified and unbecom- 
ing. Although he had warm personal friends, he contrived 
to create equally violent opponents, and much injustice may 
have been done him by those toward whom he showed a 
hostile attitude, or who were politically opposed to him. 
He w.as intimately identified with the early management of 
the Salem B.mk, originally chartered in connection with a 
steam flour-mill, and in some way w.xs interested in the 
setting np of a manufacturing company in the name and 
under the direction of a brother; and in connection there- 



with W.1S accused, justly or unjustly, of blamalile transac- 
tions, which occasioned a legislative nivestigalion. In llie 
early pnrt of Jackson's administration he was appointed 
.Minister to one of the South American republics, and had 
proceeded as far as Mobile on his way to the mission. In 
the meantime, however, some of those persons whose 
enmity he had provoked procured a copy of the old indict- 
ment against him, and he was recalled before he left the 
country. This occasioned his renunciation of politics, and 
he eventually removed to Camden, New Jersey, where he 
resided and was actively engaged in his profession, holding 
only the office of Prosecutor of Pleas, until his death in 
'i5S3i 2' 'he age of about sixty-five years. 



ITSWORTII, HON. CALEB S., President Judge 
of the Court of Common Pleas, of Newark, was 
born at Metuchen, Middlesex county. New Jer- 
sey, September i6th, 1826. His father, Abraham 
D. Titsworth, was engaged* in farnimg and the 
manufacture of clothing. The lad attended the 
schools of his native place and remained at home till the 
age of sixteen, being brought up on the farm. lie then be- 
came a pupil at the De Ruyter Institute, Madison county. 
New York, with the view of preparing for college. Here 
he remained for about eighteen months, and subsequently 
engaged in teaching in the public schools of Middlesex 
county for about six months. When eighteen years of age 
he went to Shiloh, Cumberland county, and took charge of 
the Shiloh Academy. During this latter period he entered 
his name as a student-at-law in the office, at Bridgeton, of 
Judge Nixon, now of the United Stales District Court, and 
read law during his hours of leisure from teaching. The 
summer of 1S47 he spent at Rutgers Grammar School, New 
Brunswick, and in the fall of that year entered the sophomore 
class of the Union College, then under the charge of the 
late venerable Dr. Eliphalet Nott. He was graduated 
therefrom in 1850 as A. B., with high honors. In conse- 
quence of too ciose application to study his health had by 
this time become materially impaired, and he determined 
upon a trip to the South, partly for the purpose of recruitmg 
himself physically, partly for observation, and partly to seek 
an opening for a career. Gradually he drifted down to 
Mississippi, where he engaged as classical teacher in 
Brighton Grammar School, situated about nine miles from 
Natchez. This institution was then under the charge of a 
noble old Virginian, John S. Moseley, now deceased. Mr. 
Titsworth filled this position until March, 1853, when he 
returned to his father's home, which had been removed to 
Plainfield, New Jersey, and entered the office of Joseph 
Annin, in that place, as law student. With him he studied 
for a year or two, and then moved to Newark, where he 
completed his law course in the office of the present Chan- 



520 



BIOGRArillCAL ENCYCLOr/EDIA. 



cellor Runyon. Admitted to the bar in November, 1855, 
he worked hard at his jirofession, and at the same time took 
an active part in public alfaii-s. He was especially active 
in the campaign of 1S56, and was among the first to aid in 
the formation in Jersey of the Republican party, of which 
he has ever since been a staunch and consistent supporter. 
His convictions on the subject ot slavery were crystallized 
and deepened by his residence in the South and his personal 
experience of the working of the " institution," and he 
thus naturally became a most pronounced Republican and 
strongly opposed to the extension of the system to other 
States. In January, 1S66, he was elected City Councillor 
for the city of Newark, was re-elected in 1867, and Con- 
tinued to hold the office until appointed Prosecutor of the 
Pleas for Essex county in March, 1 867, when he resigned. 
He prosecuted the county pleas for one term, that is, unt'd 
1S72, when the politics of the State undergoing a change, 
he was not reappointed. During his term of office some im- 
]OTrtant trials occurred, which he conducted most success- 
fully; indeed, he fulfilled the responsible position with an 
ability and fidelity highly satisfactory to the community. 
In 1S74 he was elected by the Legislature, in joint conven- 
tion, under the old constitution, as President Judge of the 
Court of Common Pleas, and now holds the appointment. 
He is a Director and counsel for the Merchants' Insurance 
Company, of Newark, which he was instrumental in organ- 
izing and has taken great interest in from the beginning. 
He was married in November, 185S, to Fanny C. Grant, 
daughter of Charles Grant, an old and highly respected 
resident of Newark. Judge Titsworth is a man of high 
ability, and adds to his intellectual strength both conscien- 
tiousness of purpose and dignity of character. In the per- 
formance of his judicial duties he has displayed a decision 
and independence of external influences, and a fidelity to [ 
personal convictions of right, which have crowned his 
career with the approval of all right-thinking people. In • 
his private life he enjoys the cordial esteem of all who ' 
know him, his daily walk and conversation showing him to 
be one of the manliest and most genial, as well as one of 
the most upright of men. 



(-.dVAYLOR, WILLIAM JOHNSTON, President of 
the North Jersey Iron Company, was born, Janu- 
ary 5th, 1S36, at High Bridge (then called Soli- 
tude), Hunterdon county. New Jersey. He is a 
LQ^ son of Lewis H. Taylor and his wife, Jane C, 
whose maiden name was Johnston. His family 
has long resided at High Bridge, his great-grandfather 
having pursued the manufacture of iron there before the 
w.ir of the Revolution, acquiring in the vicinity valuable 
hmded estates, with extensive water-power and large 
deposits of iron ore. A sketch of liis father, and also of his 



uncle, George W. Taylor, will be found in this work. He 
received his early education in the schools of his native 
county, attending subsequently St. Mary's College, at Wil- 
mington, Delaware. The interval between the time of his 
leaving school and the attainment of his majority was spent 
at home in the discharge of clerical duties in the iron works, 
thus while still a youth famili.arizing hmiself with the hum 
bier operations of the business in which he was destined to 
pass the gre.ater part of his life and achieve the highest dis- 
tinction. Nevertheless he did not immediately enter upon 
this business. In 1857 he went to Philadelphia, where he 
engaged in mercantile pursuits, which he followed until the 
outbreak of the civil war, when he received the appoint- 
ment of Sutler to the 3d Regiment of New Jersey Volun- 
teers, and served in that capacity for about two years. 
Returning to Philadelphia he became the prime mover in 
the organization of the Coastwise Steamship Company of 
Philadelphia. This enterprise, in which he was associated 
with Mr. E. C. Knight and other well-known merchants 
and capitalists of Philadelphia, did not in the end prove 
successful, however, and he turned his attention to the 
building of ocean steamers. Among the products of his 
skill in this line was the model propeller known as the 
" Electric Spark," which was placed on the mail line be- 
tween New York and New Orleans, and on her second 
voyage was captured by the notorious "Alabama," a disaster 
which, in the interest of the stockholders of the ill-fated 
steamer, he made it his personal business to endeavor to 
repair, and which, after fighting for the resulting claim step 
by step before the Alabama Claims Commission, and jeal- 
ously guarding the interests of the rightful owners against 
false or imagin.ary claimants, he has lately had the satis- 
faction of repairing, by paying over to the stockholders 
^227,000, the sum awarded by the commission. Though 
the claim was undoubtedly just, the stockholders clearly 
realize, in view of the endless slips between the cup of the 
best claim and the lip of the claimant, that they have only 
him to thank for their ultimate indemnification. In 1S66 
he returned to High Bridge and regularly entered upon his 
destined vocation, taldng charge at once of the iron works, 
which in 1868 were incorporated as " The Taylor Iron 
Works," having been enlarged and a cam-wheel foundry and 
machine-shop added in the course of the two previous years. 
The capital of the company was then $350,000, but in 1871 
the capital was increased and the works were enlarged to 
their present capacity, which is probably greater than that 
of any other establishment of the kind in the country. Its 
specialty is the manufacture of cam-wheels, car-axles, and 
car and locomotive forgings. He continued in charge of 
the works until 1875, when he resigned his position as 
Treasurer and General Manager, to accept that of President 
and Treasurer of the Union Iron Company, now known as 
the North Jersey Iron Company, which he was chiefly in- 
strumental in organizing. This company, having a capital 
stock of 1300,000, is largely eng.iged in the mining and 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOr.EDIA. 



S2I 



smelting of ores in Morris county, its principal mines being 
near Chester, and its furnace at I'ort t)rain, the present 
northern terminus of the High Bridge Railroad. Besides 
his efiicient services as the head of the company, he has in- 
vented a furnace for roasting the sulphurous ores of New 
Jersey, whereby the sulphur is separated from the ore, an 
invention that bids fair to revolutionize, in a considerable 
measure, the iron manufacturing business of the Stale, and 
which certainly shows, in connection with his successful 
administration, that as the chief of an iron company he is 
the right man in the right place. In conjunction with his 
father he originated the High Bridge Raihoad, both having 
been officially connected with it until it was completed and 
passed over to the New Jersey Central. The High Bridge 
road w.is chartered in 1872, and completed in 1S76. ' It 
forms the main outlet for the iron mines of Morris county ; 
and, notwithstanding the depression of the times sinceMts 
completion, its freight business has quite exceeded expecta- 
tion, and with a return of prosperity to the iron interest will 
no doubt prove one of the best paying roads in llie State. 
The prominent part he took in constructing it entitles hini 
to the lasting gratitude of the great interest of which he is 
so worthy and distinguished a representative. He has been 
twice married : in 1S58, to Ellen Knight, of Philadelphia', 
who died in 1865; and, in 1S6S, to M ary Alward, of A-u- 
burn, New Jersey. 



3^/^ ILVERTHORN, HON. WILLIAM, of Belvidere, 
"^^it. was born in 1S23, in Warren county, New Jersey. 
He is a son of Daniel Silverthorn, a farmer of 
Warren. His family are of German descent, and 
among the old residents of that section- of the 
Slate. He was educated in the public schools 
of his native county, after leaving which he engaged in 
agricultural pursuits until he was twenty-five years of age, 
when he embarked in the business of a drover and stock- 
dealer, which he has conducted with steadily increasing 
success until it has grown to be very extensive. The 
energy, ability and integrity which he displayed as a busi- 
ness man soon gave him prominence in the com'rirunity; 
and led him into the public service, for which he at once 
proved his fitness, and in which, accordingly, withscarcely 
an interru])tion, he has since continued. In 1858 he wis 
elected Collector for Warren county, filling the position unlil 
1S61. He held the office of Treasurer of the Borough of Bel- 
videre for one year. He has also been a member of the Town 
Council of Belvidere. In 1869 he was elected a member of 
the State Assembly, and re-elected in 1871 and 1872, each 
time without opposition, the Republican party m.aking no 
nominations. In 1S75 he was elected to the Slate Senate, of 
which he is still a member, ranking among the ablest and 
most trusted of the body, as he is certainly among the most 
diligent, vigilant and faithful. The high estimation in which 
66 



he is held by his fellow-Senators appears in the number of 
responsible and laborious positions to which they have as- 
signed him in the business of legislation, including the 
Chairmanship of the Committee on Corporations, the Com- 
mittee on Miscellaneous Bills, the Committee on Industrial 
Schools for Girls, and the Committee on .Soldiers' Chil- 
dren's Home. He is, besides, a member of the Committee 
on Municipal Corporations, and of various other important 
committees. When it is considered that he is not a lawyer, 
that he has had no special intellectual training, and that he 
entered the Senate without any legislative experience, save 
that acquired in three short terms of service in the Assembly, 
these .potiitions, conferred on him by his colleagues, speak 
significantly, "it must be owned, of the strength and quick- 
ness of his unoerstanding, as well as of his sterling moral 
qualities. He is in truth a man of strong and penetrating 
common! 'sense, . a faculty which, when reinforced by a 
sound moral sense, is ca[)able of dealing successfully, at 
pretty short notice, with most of the problems of business 
and of life. In politics he is a Democrat, and a staunch 
and true ohe,.abiding tranquilly by the Democratic prin- 
ciples and the Democratic organization alike through evil 
and through good report, and exhibiting neither bitterness 
in the long night of defeat nor vindictiveness in the break- 
ing day t)f triumph. He not only believes in his party, but 
is proud-of'it ; and his party, as all must allow, has reason 
to' be proud ofhim. He was married, in 1847, to Miss 
I'ipher, daughter of Petei- Pipher, of Pennsylvania. 



ONDY, JOSEPH HARRISON, M. D., Physician, 
of Jersey City, was born, October glh, 1829, in 
-'11 ''^^ Province of New Brunswick, Dominion of 
Qry^i; Canada, and is a son of Thomas and Margaret 
(-3 (^'o§^) Vondy. His father, a n.ative of the Isle 
of Man, was eng.aged in mercantile pursuits, but 
retired from business some years ago ; and his mother, at 
the time of her marri.age to his father, was a widow — Mrs. 
Margaret (Biggs) McCulIum. His early education he re- 
ceived at a private school, after which he attended a 
grammar school in the town of Chatham, New Brunswick. 
Having determined upon entering the medical profession, 
h'e entered the office -of Dr. K. B. Forbes, in that town, 
where he pursued his studies for a year, and in the autumn 
of 184S went to New York city, whffre. he matriculated at 
the university of that city. Aft«r_ attending the usual pre- 
scribed courses of lectures, delivered~in that institution, he 
graduated therefrom in the spring of 1851. In the follow- 
ing month of June lie established himself at Jersey City, 
where he commenced practice, and where he has since re- 
sided. His success has been an assured one from the first, 
and he ranks among the leading praclitioncis of the city. 
He is a member of the District Medical Society of Hudson 



5-2 



r.ioGRAriiicAL rxcvci.or.r.DiA. 



cminly, and has been a delegate to the American Medical 
Association. Since the organization, by Drs. Hunt and 
Morris and himself, of the Jersey City Charily Hospital, in 
lS6S, he has been a member of its medical staff; and has 
also filled a similar position in the Hudson County Church 
Hospital, He was married, in 1853, to Mrs, J. T. Gilbert, 
Hi--' Merritt Wilson, of New York city. 



/* 



.1 



;EASBEY, ANTHONY Q., of Newark, Lawyer 
and United States district Attopiey for the Dis- 
trict of New Jersey, was born. March 1st, 1S24, 
in Salem, New Jersey. His ancestors were among 
the earliest settlers of Salem county, the capital 
of which, Salem, was the t'lrst place settled in 
West Jersey, having been founded in 1675 by John Fen- 
wick, the English Quaker, who then claimed authority as 
duef proprietor over that section of the province Eiiward 
Kcasbey, the great-grandfather of the subject of this sketch, 
bore a prominent part in the public affairs of New Jersey 
lUiring the jieriod that ushered in the war of independence. 
In November, 1763, he "was returned a representative to 
serve in the General Assembly for llie colonies of Salem 
and Cumlierland,'' m which capacity he served until 1769. 
He was elected one of the Deputies for Sakm to the Pro- 
vincial Congress, which assembled at Trenton in October, 
1775. and attended the session of that Congress held at 
New lirunswick in 1776, at which a State constitution was 
adopted, the Statehood of New Jersey and the nationality 
of the United Colonies dating from the same year. In 
177S he was appointed a niem1)er of the Council of Safety. 
His son, Anthony Keasbey, was for a long time Clerk of 
the county of Salem, and from 179S to iSot represented 
that county in the General Assembly. The father of the 
present subject, Edward Q. Keasbey, born in 1793, was a 
physician, having studied with Dr. Philip Physick, of Phil- 
adelphia, and been engaged in active practice until his 
death, in 1847. His learning, however, extended beyond 
the bounds of his profession, .as did his training and ac- 
tivity; insomuch that, February 27ih, 1840, he was ap- 
pointed a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, and in 
1844 was chosen a Presidential Elector by the Whigs, of 
whose peerless leader, Henry Clay, he was a strong sup- 
porter. Me resided all his life in Salem. Anthony Q. 
Kcasbey, the son, was graduated at Yale College in 1843, 
and shortly afterwards began the study of law, studying 
with Francis L. McCuUoch, in Salem, and subsequently 
with Cortlandt Parker, in Newark. He was admitted to 
the bar m October, 1S46, and began the practice of the law 
in Salem, where he pursued it until 1S52, at which time he 
removed to Newark, and in 1S55 entered into partnership 
with Cortlandt Parker, his former preceptor, the firm, which 
was the first formed in the Stale after the passage of the law 
authorijmg legal partnei-ships, continuing for twenty years. 



In April, 1S61, he was appointed, by President Lincoln-, 
United Stales Attorney for ihe District of New Jersey, and 
in Ajiril, 1865, reappointed ; but, his new commission not 
having been signed at Mr. Lincoln's death, he was provis- 
ionally appointed by President Johnson till the next session 
of the Senate, when, in 1S66, he was regularly appointed, 
being reappointed by President Grant in 1870, and again in 
1874. He has thus held the office continuously since the 
spring of 1S61, a period of unbroken incumbency longer 
than that of any other United Stales district attorney in the 
Union. Of his fidelity .is an officer and his ability as a 
lawyer no clearer or stronger proof than this record could 
be asked. It is a testimonial, so to speak, of his oflicial, 
professional and personal merit, signed by the President 
and Senate of the United Slates, and countersigned by the 
bar of the Stale. After Ihe dissolution of his long partner- 
ship with Mr. Parker he associated with him in the practice 
of the law his two sons, Edward Q. and George M., under 
the style of A. Q. Keasbey & Sons, and this connection now 
subsists. He is a man of polile attainments, it should be 
said, as well as of professional learning, adding to distin- 
guished legal abilities and acquirements the culture and 
tastes of the scholar. His wife is the daughter of the Hon. 
Jacob W. Miller, for two consecutive terms a representa- 
tive of New Jersey in the Senate of the United Slates. 



'^<3 

— ^OD, REV. THADDEUS, Presbyterian Minister, 
of Cross Creek, was born near Newark, New 
Jersey, March 7th, 1740 (o. s.), and was the son 
of Stephen Dod. He spent his youthful days in 
Mendham, whence his father, who was a native 
of Guilford, Connecticut, had removed from 
From early childhood he had strong religious 
impressions, and the private record of his exercises thrcnigh 
a series of years shows thai he was the subject of almost 
constant internal conflicts, unlil 1764, when he believed 
that he experienced a decisive change of character. In the 
course of the following year he was admitted to the com- 
munion of the church in Mendham. At a very early period 
" he began to develop an extraordinary taste and talent for 
mathematics,'' and was earnestly desirous of obtaining a 
collegiate education; but the straitened circumstances of his 
father forbade the expectation of it, except as it should be 
accomplished through his own efforts. By teaching school 
at different times, and studying in leisure hours, he at length 
succeeded in filling himself to enter college and in acquir- 
ing the means of meeting his expenses there. In the spring 
of 1771 he joined the sophomore class of the College of 
New Jersey, and w.as graduated in the fall of 1773, under 
the presidency of Dr. Wilherspoon. He subsequently settled 
in Newark, and entered on the study of theology under the 
direction of Rev. Dr. Macwhorter. After remaining there 



BIOGRAnilCAL ENCVCI.OP.EDIA. 



523 



about one year he removed to Morristown, where he con- 
tinued his studies under Rev. Timothy Johnes, who had 
been his first teacher in Latin. In 1775 he was licensed to 
pceach by the New Vorl< Presbytery. In the winter of 
1776-77 he was prostrated by a severe attack of inflamnia- 
toi-y rheumatism ; but in March, though still unable to dress 
himself without assistance, he resolved on making a tour to 
the West. After preaching in parts of Virginia and Mary- 
land, he crossed the mountains and visited the settlements 
of George's Creek, Muddy Creek and Dunlap's Creek, 
thence proceeding to Ten Mile. As there were at the latter 
place a number of families who had removed from Morris 
county, " it is not improbable that they had invited him to 
visit them, and that his journey was undertaken with special 
reference to that purpose." This emigration had taken place 
about the year 1773, when there had been for several years 
peace with the Indian tribes ; but by a fresh outbreak, in 
the spring of 1774, these people were driven back, and took 
refuge in a fort near Monongahela river. The next year 
they returned and built a fort, to which they could resort in 
time of danger. In the summer season, for several years, 
they were compelled frequently to remain together in the 
defences, the men going out in armed parties to work on 
their farms; and in the winter, when the Indians had retired 
to their wigwams and- hunting-grounds, they returned to 
their habitations. Such was the state of things when he went 
among them ; and as they were his old friends, and some 
of them associates with him in the scenes of an interesting 
revival in New Jersey, in 1764, the meeting must have been, 
on both sides, one of uncommon interest. The frequent in- 
cursions of the savages, however, had put a stop to immi- 
gration, and prevented the increase of their numbers, and 
consequently delayed what was ardently desired, the estab- 
lishment of a church and the administration of its ordi- 
nances among them. After preaching for some time in that 
comparatively desolate region, he returned to New Jersey 
in August, 1777. The people at Ten Mile during his 
sojourn there expressed a strong desire that he should take 
up his residence among them as their minister; and though 
there were not more than ten men within their bounds 
who were professors of religion, and not one man of wealth 
among them all, they unanimously agreed to support him 
and his family, if he would cast in his lot with them. He 
ultimately yielded to their wishes, and was ordained ac- 
cordingly by the Presbytery of New York, sine lituh, in 
October, 1777, with a view to finding his home in that then 
wild part of the countiy. He then left New Jersey, with 
his family and also two of his brothers, to carry out his 
purpose in regard to an ultimate settlement. By the loth 
of November they had arrived at Patterson's creek, in 
Hampshire county, Virginia; but hearing while there of an 
attack by the Indians on the fort at Wheeling, and of the 
consequent confusion and terror prevailing throughout the 
West, they deemed it imprudent to proceed farther at that 
time. But after remaining a few days with his family, he 



left his brothers, and, crossing the mountains alone, pro- 
ceeded to Ten Mile, where he preached in the forts and 
baptized the children. After his return he remained at 
Patterson's creek for nearly two years, during which time 
he was employed in preaching there, and in the adjacent 
counties in Virginia and Maryland, where, it would seem, 
no churches had yet been organized. His labors in this 
field were attended with a manifest blessing, and when lie 
was about to leave, a vigorous effoit was made to retain 
him, and a much belter sujiport offered than he could ex- 
pect at Ten Mile; " but he could not lie diverted from his 
purpose." In September, 1779, accordingly, he, with his 
family, proceeded on his way, and crossed the mountair.s 
on pack-horses. On reaching the place of his destination 
" he found a dark and forbidding state of things," yet 
entered upon his labors with great zeal and self-denial. 
August 15th, 1781, he organized a church consisting of 
twenty-five members. The first administration of the 
Lord's Supper was in a barn, in May, 1783, and the first 
house of worship was erected in the summer of 17S5. As 
he "had an exquisite taste for music, and withal was well 
acquainted with it as a science, he caused special attention 
to be given to the performance of that part of public wor- 
ship." He was specially attentive to the interests of edu- 
cation, frequently visiting schools and counselling and 
encouraging the teachers; and in the spring of 1782 opened 
a classical and mathematical school. September 24th, 
1787, in conjunction with Messrs. Smith and McMillan, he 
instituted an academy at Washington, Pennsylvania, and 
secured a charter for it. At the fall meeting of presbytery 
he was appointed to preach at Cross Creek, and accepted 
that charge. He died May 20th, 1793. Says Rev. Dr. 
Eliot: "As an academy, it soon acquired distinction by 
having for its first president the Rev, Thaddeus Dod, one 
of the early literary pioneers of western Pennsylvania.'' 



!\RDENBERGH, HON. AUGUSTUS A., Mem- 
ber of Congress, of Jersey City, was born in th.it 
city. May l8th, 1830. He is a .son of the late 
Cornelius L. Hardenbergh, LL. I)., of New 
Brunswick, who was during his lifetime a lead- 
ing meml>er of the New Jersey bar, and far 
many years prominently connected with Rutgers College, 
of which institution Rev. J. R. Hardenbergh, D. D., another 
of his distinguished ancestors, was the first president and 
founder. Augustus entered Rutgers in 1844, but continued 
in college only one year.'the failing health and sight of his 
father rendering the son's assistance as amanuensis neces- 
sary. Two years later he entered a counting-house in New 
York, and took up his residence in Jersey City. In 1852 
he became connected with the Hudson County Bank, and 
in 1858 was appointed its Cashier. For some years pre- 



524 



BIOGRArillCAL ENCVCLOP-CDIA. 



viously he had manifested an interest in politics. In 1853 
he was elected by the Democrats to the New Jersey Legis- 
lature from Jersey City, and aUhough quite a young man, 
took an active part in legislative afTairs. He was five times 
elected Alderman of Jersey City — in 1857, 1858, 1859, 
i860 and 1862. During the last-named year he was cliosen 
President of the Common Council. In 1S68 he removed 
to Bergen, and during the first year's residence there was 
almost unanimously elected to the town council. During 
the same year he was elected State Director of Railroads 
by the New Jersey Legislature, and in 1872 represented the 
Fourth Congressional District as their delegate to the Balti- 
more National Convention. He again removed to Hudson 
county in 1873, and has since continued to reside there. 
In 1874, at the solicitation of his friends, he became the 
Democratic candidate for Congress, and although the dis- 
trict had gone Republican two years previously by over one 
thousand majority, he was elected by nearly five thousand 
majority. He is a ready and graceful speaker, a cultivated 
gentleman, and is a representative who reflects honor on 
himself and his State. He was again elected in 1876. 



cHlf? OBESON, WILLIAM PENN, Lawyer and Jurist, 
was the son of Morris Robeson and Tacey Paul, 
his wife. He was the third son of a large family 
of children, and was born in Philadelphia, No- 
(sV^ vember loih, 1798. His ancestor, Andrew Ro- 
beson, came to Warren county, New Jersey, from 
England with William Penn, and was a member of Gov- 
ernor Markham's Privy Council. He had a son, Andrew, 
who was sent to England and educated at Oxford Univer- 
sity. The second Andrew had two sons, Jonathan and Ed- 
ward. Jonathan Robeson wxs one of the pioneers in the 
iron manufacture in America. He built a blast furnace 
called "The Forest of Dean," in what was then called the 
'• Highlands of York," in the province of New York ; the 
" Weymouth" Furnace, in what is now Ocean county. New 
Jersey; and "Oxford" Furnace, in what is now Warren 
county. New Jersey. This last-named furnace was com- 
menced in 1741, and the first iron was run from it March 
17th, 1743. The same furnace, now belonging to the Ox- 
ford Iron Company, is still in successful operation, and the 
iron mines on the same estate are among the most valuable 
in the State. Jonathan Robeson had two sons, John and 
Morris. John was the father of Judge James M. Robeson, 
of Belvidere, and several other sons, most of whom are now 
dead. Morris, the father of William P., lived a portion 
of his life in Philadelphia and another portion at Oxford, 
where he died in 1823. William P. was a large land- 
owner in Warren county, engaged a large portion of his life 
in agricultural and mercantile pursuits, and for a long time 
occupied a position on the bench of the Common Pleas, 
over which be presided for more than twenty-five years. 



He was married early in life to Anna Maria Maxwell, the 
daughter of Hon. George C. Maxwell, and sister of Hon. John 
P. B. Maxwell, both of whom at different times represented 
the State of New Jersey in the United St.ates Congress. 
.She is the granddaughter of Captain John Maxwell and 
grandniece of General William Maxwell, both of the Con- 
tinental army. His wife still survives him, and resides at 
Camden, New Jersey. Judge Robeson was an ardent 
Whig in politics, and occupied a prominent position in the 
party in the upper portion of the State, but as that region 
was during his entire career largely Democratic, he w.as 
never elected to any important office. During the latter 
years of his life he was a decided Republican, but took less 
interest in politics. He was by birth a Quaker in religious 
belief, but afterwards connected himself with the Episcopal 
Church, of which he was a prominent supporter. He re- 
sided for several years after his marriage at Oxford Furnace, 
which then belonged to his brother-in-law and himself, but 
had for a long time been out of blast. About the year 
1832, having rented the furnace to Messrs. Henry Jordan 
& Co., who at that time put it in operation, he removed 
to Belvidere, where he resided until his death. He 
died at Belvidere, December 2d, 1864, leaving his widow 
and four children surviving him, viz. : George Maxwell, the 
present Secretary of the Navy ; William Penn, who served 
with honor as Colonel of the 3d New Jersey Cavalry under 
Sheridan in the war of the rebellion, and was brevetted as a 
Brigadier-General; Emily Maxwell, married to Joseph ^L 
P. Price, of Philadelphia ; and Anna M. 



cCAULY, REV. THOMAS, D. D., Presbyterian 
Clergyman, was born February 28th, 1818, in 
Franklin county, Pennsylvania, and is a son of 
Thomas McCauly, a merchant of that county. 
The family are of Scotch-Irish origin; the grand- 
father of the subject of this sketch emigmted to 
this country, and with his associates settled at Ringgold 
Manor, in Maryland. His son not liking the institution of 
slavery, removed to Pennsylvania, where Thomas, as already 
stated, was born. He was prepared for college at Green- 
caslle Academy, and in 1848 entered the College of New 
Jersey, at Princeton, where he was graduated with the class 
of 1852, together with Senator Magie, of Elizabeth, New 
Jersey, Donald Cameron, late Secretary of War, and Presi- 
dent Kend.il, of Lincoln University. The same year he 
entered the Theological Seminary, and was graduated there- 
from in 1855. Immediately upon graduation he entered 
the ministry as pastor of a Presbyterian church on Long 
Island, where he remained for nine years. Then he moved 
to Philadelphia, and became Secretary of the Presbyterian 
Board of Education. In 1867 he accepted a call to the 
Presbyterian Church of Hackeltslown, New Jersey, where he 
has since continued to officiate. At the present time he is 



liKHIRAl'IIICAI. ENCYCLOP.KDIA. 



525 



Moderator of the Presbyterian Synod of New Jersey. He j 
was married, October 1st, 1857, to Maria Louisa Dunton, 
of iniiladclphia. 

V/Mi ArnONALD, rev. JAMES M., D. D., lately 
Pastor of the First Presbyterian Church of Prince- 
Um, was born at Limerick, Maine, in 1812, the 
son of Major General John Macdonald. He re- 
ceived the advantages of an excellent education ; 
graduated from Union College, New York, in 
1832, and from the Divinity School in New Haven soon 
afterwards. Drawn towards the ministiy of the Presbyte- 
rian Church, he was ordained in 1835. For a time he was 
pastor of the Fifteenth Street Presbyteri.an Church in New 
WnV, and for twenty-lbree years he was pastor of the P'irst 
Church in Princeton, filling the position once occupied by 
the late President John Witherspoon, of the College of New 
Jci-sey. His first book, "Credulity, as Illustrated by Suc- 
cessful Impostures in Science, Superstition, and Fanati- 
cism," appeared in 1843. Five years later he published his 
" Key to the Book of Revelation," of wliich there was a 
second edition in 1S4S. In 1847 he issued a short " His- 
tory of the Presbyterian Church of Jamaica, Long Island," 
where he was once settled as pastor. In 1856 appeared 
"The Book of Ecclesiastes Explained," a scholarly com- 
mentary widely and favorably reviewed. A few years later 
he punted a volume of sermons with the title of " My 
Father's House; or, the Heaven of the Bible," and at the 
time of his death he was engaged in preparing another work 
fur the press. He died at Princeton, April, 1S77, leaving 
a wife and six children. 



e^y!j|^IFFORD, HON. C. L. C, Lawyer and Jurist, late 
of Newark, was born in that city in Novemlier, 
1S25. He was a son of the late Arthur Gifford, 
one of the most esteemed of the old residents of 
Newark, whose estate he inherited and occupied 
at the time of his death. He graduated from the 
Yale Law School in 1S44, ^"<I afterwards studied with his 
father. In 1S47 he was licensed as an attorney-at-Iaw, 
and w.is admitted as counsellor-at-law in January, 1850. 
For four years he was Deputy Collector for the port of New- 
ark. Mr. Giffoid was elected to the House of Assembly in 
1857, and in 1S58 appointed Stale Senator, which position 
he held for two years, during the second year of his term 
being chosen President of thtf Senate. Although a Demo- 
crat, he received the Republican nomination for Mayor in 
1862, but was defeated by the late Moses Bigelow. On 
the 29th ol June, 1S72, he was sworn in as Presiding Judge 
ol the Essex County Court of Common Pleas, to fill the un 
expired term of Judge Frederick IL 'i'eese, and remained 
mion the bench until the appointment of Judge Titsworth, 



in 1874. Mr. Clifford was endowed with a strong constitu- 
tion, and although he is supposed to have overworked him- 
self in early life, when prominent in politics and the cause 
of temperance, retained an unusual amount of health and 
vigor until the closing years of his life. He was first taken 
ill during the early part of 1875, and in the spring of that 
year made a trip to Europe in the hope of recovering his 
health, but failed to derive any permanent benefit from it. 
Throughout his final illness he was attended by a devoted 
wife, whose care and patience were unremitting. He was 
a genial, kindly gentleman, beloved by'many friends and 
respected by all who knew him. His death occurred March 
31st, 1S77. 



JP^ 



eX 



OUDINOT, ELI AS, was born in Philadelphia, 
May 2d, 1740. His ancestors were French Hu- 
guenots, who came to America soon after the rev- 
v-v^ ocation of the Edict of Nantes. He received a 
classical education, and having resolved upon the 
law as his profession, entered the office of Richard 
Stockton, the elder, of New Jersey. Being admitted to the 
bar, his agreeable manners, good principles, practical qual- 
ities and ready abilities as a speaker, early opened the way 
to a lucrative practice at the provincial bar, a way made 
more easy, perhaps, by his marriage with a sister of his pre- 
ceptor in the law, Mr. Stockton, himself already at the head 
of the New Jersey bar of that day, as also by the marriage 
of Mr. Stockton with the sister of Mr. Boudinot, But in 
evei-y part of the colonies the troubles with the mother coun- 
try soon began to direct to the political and military fields 
all the abilities of the bar. Mr. Boudinot, with his brother 
Elisha and his wife's family connections, the Stocktons, 
early espoused the cause of the colonies, and in 1777 he 
was appointed Commissary-General of Prisoners, an office 
for which his humanity and sympathetic disposition, com- 
bined as these were with an inflexible sense of justice, a 
deep feeling at the treatment received by our own prisoners 
at the hands of British ofificei-s, and great dignity of person 
and manner, peculiarly fitted him. In the same year he 
was elected a member of the Continental Congress. In 

1782 he was made President of that body, and signed in 

1783 our treaty of peace with Great Britain. In common, 
however, with most intelligent men in public life, he had 
perceived long ere this time the entire inadequacy of the 
then existing form of government to conduct with efficiency 
the affairs of the nation. And early relations of friendsliip 
existing between himself and Alexander Hamilton, who 
as a youth had indeed been almost domesticated in the 
family of Mr. and Mrs. Boudinot, led the subject of our 
notice into active endeavors to bring about a far stronger 
system of national government. From the begmning of the 
effort to change the system established by the articles of 
confederation, he advocated all the ideas and supported all 



526 



EIOGRArraCAL excvclop.edia. 



the elTorls of Hamilton, aiifl in 17S9 had the happiness to 
see them crowned by the adoption of the " Constitution of 
the United States of America;" a constitution not indeed 
quite so national cr so strong as he would have desired (for 
lilie Hamilton he would have had one where some control 
emanating from the central source should have operated on 
all State legislation which affected the general welfare — 
a feature which, had it been adopted, would have rendered 
impossiljle the late rebellion) — but cne, nevertheless, which, 
if interpreted in furtherance of its professed ends, and not 
in defeat of them, he looked upon from the lime of its 
adoption as likely to secure even those immeasurable bless- 
ings which, under it, the nation has since enjoyed. As an 
appropriate recognition of his services in the line just spoken 
of, Mr. Boudinot was elected to the first Congress of the 
United Slates under the present Constitution, and re-elected 
during six years. Having, while attending upon the Con- 
gress, fi.\ed his residence in Philadelphia, where he built 
and resided in the handsome mansion still standing at the 
southeast corner of Arch and Ninth streets, and where his only 
child h.id married the Hon. William Bradford, Attorney- 
General of the United States, one of the most eminent men 
of his time, and so being no longer eligible as a member of 
Congress from New Jersey, Mr. Boudinot in 1796 was ap- 
pointed by President W.ashington, who long had had oppor- 
tunities of witnessing his abilities and integrity, Director of 
the Mint, an office which he held till 1S05. He was among 
the very few officers appointed by Washington that Mr. 
Jefferson, who had come into power on the 4th of March, 
1804, exhibited no disposition to remove. However, Mr. 
Boudinot had been in yiublic life now for nearly thirty 
years; advancing years were coming upon him; the death 
of his accomplished son-in-law, Mr. Bradford, in the very 
bloom of life, had deeply affected him ; and the triumph of 
Democracy in all departments of the federal government, 
as also in those of the .State of Pennsylvania, made it more 
agreeable to l.im, blessed as he was with ample fortune, to 
retire from official life. The names of himself and his 
brother, Elisha Boudinot, were honored ones everywhere 
througho;,t New Jersey, and in the politics of that State still 
exerted, as they continued during their lives to do, a con- 
trolling influence. The attractions of the city of Burlington, 
then distinguished above almost any place in the State for 
an assemblage of distinguished and excellent men, among 
whom may be gratefully recalled by this day the Rev. Dr. 
Wharton, William Griffith, William Coxe, Joseph Mcll- 
vaine, Joseph Bloomfield, Joshua Maddox Wallace, and 
different members of the families of Smith, the historian of 
New Jersey, Lawrence, so well known in our naval annals, 
and Fenimore Cooper, not less known in those of lite 
lure, led him, by the advice of his friend and near kinsman, 
Mr. Wallace, to fix his residence in that then beautiful and 
salubrious place. He built there the noble mansion still 
standing, though in a form greatly changed, at the extreme 
west end of Broad street, laying out its surrounding grounds, 



about ten acres in size, and planting them in the best style 
of cu'uamental garden. In this elegant abode, with his wife 
and daughter, he devoted himself to a liberal hospitality and 
to benevolent and literary pursuits. He became an active 
Trustee of Princeton College, into the board of whose trus- 
tees he had been elected so far back as 1772, and endowed 
it with a cabinet of natural history. In 1S12 he M'as a 
member of the American Board of Commissioners for For- 
eign Missions, and in 1816 was made the first President of 
the American Bible Society; an institution in which he ever 
took great interest, and to which in a single donation he 
gave $10,000, a great sum of money at the time he gave it. 
During his whole residence in Burlington, there being at 
that lime no Presbyterian church there, Mr. Boudmot was 
a devout worshipper and communicant in St. Mary's 
Protestant Episcopal Church, as also in his life and death a 
liberal benefactor to it. As both his own education .and his 
wife's were in the Presbyterian denomination, and as his 
preferences were probably for it, his constant interest in St. 
Mary's must be regarded as a proof of a truly catholic dis- 
position. Mr. Boudinot died at his residence in Burlington, 
October 24th, 1821, and is buried in the grounds of St. 
Mary's Church, where his daughter, wife, and many of his 
connections are also interred. It is much to be regretted 
ih.at no life of this eminent citizen of New Jersey has been 
wrilten. His familiar letters were singularly agreeab'e, 
while those on public subjects have superior value. One 
of these, a letter addressed to Mr. James Searle, who in be- 
half of the Congress of the United St.ates had apparently 
oflered to him a valuable commercial post at the disposal 
of the government, gives us an idea of Mr. Boudinol's wis- 
dom and integrity, and affords so valu.able an example to 
men in public office th.at we give it entire: — " Phil.adelphia, 
April 5th, f779. Dear Sir: I have been seriously consid- 
ering the proposal you were kindly pleased to make me last 
evening, and am induced to answer it in the neg.ative for 
ihe following reasons: I have ever made it a principle of 
my conduct in life not to eat the bread of the publick for 
nought, which, did I accept your proposal, would in some 
measure be the case in the present instance, as far as I am 
unequ.al to the task. I esteem it a most useful piece of 
wisdom to know what department in business one can fill 
with propriety, and to be careful not to aspire to any beyond 
my reach. I consider myself so totally inferior to this de- 
partment in mercantile knowledge, especially when com- 
pared with many who might fill it with reputation, that it 
appears to me a little like publick robbery to accept a lucra- 
tive employment which from the generous provision of the 
contract is apparently designed for a man of abilities in this 
particular branch of business. And Ixstly : in the present 
stage of public affairs an honest man must expect to be 
herded together with the general complexion of office, which 
must wound the delicacy of public spirit or love to one's 
country. My plan of life is to avoid as much as po.ssible 
being too much entangled in public business. My family 




JISJIAS' lB:c;"BnD2IfCSJ2S SoKiJa). 




/h/oD^^-^/ 



lilOGRArUlCAL ENCVCLOr.KDIA. 



527 



IS small ; in\ 

I c:u, t:,,,..). \ 

«i-.h. I ail 
kmil alleiUi. 



i nic few. In n-lncmcnt nml oli^curity 
ic liapiiincss, wliicli i> ihe .-,1111111111 ol my 
illieless eiiually obliged tn you fur your 
if I had aecepleil it, and am, dear sir, 



Yours, allectioualely, Elias lioLlilNor. To Hon. James 
Searle, Es,i." 



^1 



G 



s. 



^/^^•UTLER, REV. MANASSEII, LL.D., Clergy 
man, Cliaplan in llie Revolutionary Army, was 
born at KiUingly, Connecticut, May 2Slh, 1742, 
and graduated at Yale t:ollege in 1765. lie 
then cnleied upon a course of legal studies, and 
in due time was admitted to the bar. Edgarton, 
Martha's Vmeyaid, was eventually selecteil as a field of 
labors, and there he was engaged for some time in the prac- 
tice ol his piofession. He subsequently devoted himself 
to Ihe study ol theology; September nth, 1771, was or 
dained, and at once installed pastor of the Congregational 
church in I lamillon, then Ipswich Hamlet, Massachusetts, 
He serveil also during two campaigns in the war of the 
Revolution as chaplain in the American army. In 17S6 he 
liad become associated with a company, afterward known 
as the (Jhio Company, whose leading spirits were revolu- 
lionan' officers, organized with a view to the purchase of 
Imd north of Ihe Ohio. In June, 17S7, he went to New 
"i'oik, as the company's agent, to negotiate with the Ameri- 
c.in Congress for the purchase of a large tract, somewhere 
in the new country, west of Pennsylvania and Virginia. 
" With consummate tact he accomplished his mission, and 
made a contract for the purch.ase of over a million and a 
half of acres, at two thirds of a dollar per acre. He kept 
a louiiial of his iourney and his proceedings at New York, 
from which it appears that his plan could only be carried 
out by allowing some (irivate parties to make an immense 
jnircliase of Western lands under the cover of the contract 
of the Ohio Company." The bargain included five mil- 
lions of acres, one and a half millions of which were for 
Ihe Ohio Company, and the remainder for the parties operat- 
ing through him. In his journal, under date of Friday, 
July 27lh, 1787, he gives this account of the closing of his 
mission to New York: "At half past three I was informed 
that an ordinance passed Congress on the terms stated in 
our letter, without the least variation, and that the Board 
of Treasury was directed to take order and close the con- 
tract. This was agreeable but unexpected intelligence. 
Sargent and I went directly to the lioard, who had received 
the ordinance, but were then rising. They urged me to 
tarry the next day, and they would put by all oth.er business 
to complete the contract, but I found it inconvenient, and, 
after making a general verbal adjustment, left it with Sar- 
gent to finish what was to be done at present. Dr. Lee, a 
brother of the famous Virginia orator, congratulated me, 
and declared he would do all in his power to adjust the 
terms of the contract, so far as was left to thein, as much in 



our favor as possible, I proposed three months for collect- 
ing the first half million of dollars and for executing the 
instruments of the contract, which was acceded to." liy 
this ordinance was obtained the gr.int of over five millions 
of acres of land, amounting to three million five hundred 
thousand dollars; one million and a half for the Ohio Com- 
pany, and the reniaiiuler for private sjieculation, in which 
iii.uiy of the principal characters in the Eastern States were 
then concerned. " Without connecting this speculation, 
similar terms and advantages could not have been obtained 
for the Ohio Company. On my return through Broadway 
I received the congratulations of my friends in Congress, 
and others with whom I happened to meet." " It is an in- 
teresting fact," says Rev. Joseph F. Tuttle, D. D., " that he 
was in all these negotiations in constant communication 
with Colonel William Duer, of the Treasury Board, and 
closely related to several of our New Jersey and New York 
families." Dr. Tultle continues;*'! cannot bring myself 
to drop this part of Dr. Cutler's history without referring to 
two facts, as I fully believe ihem to be such. The ordinance 
to be submitted to Congress was jil.-iced in his hands for 
examination, and his two grand suggestions were adopted. 
The first was the exclusion of slavery forever from the 
Northwest Territory, and the second was the devotion of 
two entire townships of land for the endowment of an uni- 
versity, and section sixteen in every township of land and 
fractional township in that vast purchase for the purpose of 
schools. Those two ideas adopted by all the new Slates 
made the great West what it is." At a certain stage of 
his negotiation with Congress, in 1789, he made a trip to 
Philadelphia, and thence made an extended tour through 
New Jersey, whose lands, manners, towns, etc, are de- 
scribed at length in various p.arts of his journal. In the 
course of the following winter the first colony, under Gen- 
eral Rufus Putnam, made its way across the mountains, and 
on the 7th of April landed on the cast side of the Muskingum 
river, where it enters the Ohio. In July he also made a 
journey thiiher in his sulky and on horseback, meanwhile 
keeping a journal for the amusement of his daughter. In 
this journey he crossed New Jersey twice, and bolh the 
records concerning that State and the narrative of his jour- 
ney are of great interest. In 1789 he received from Yale 
College the honorary degree of LL.D. He was regarded 
as one of the most learned botanists of his day in the United 
States, and in many other respects was a talented and re- 
markable man. In 17S7, in a published pamphlet, he 
predicted that " many then living would see the Western 
rivers navigated with steam, and that within fifty years the 
Northwestern Territory would contain more inhabitants than 
all New England." His first night in New Jersey was at 
" Walling's tavern, kept by one Seavs, a surly old fellow, 

very extravagant (in his charges), and an empty house 

Went on to Sussex Court House; road good fourteen miles. 
Breakfasted at a tavern just above the court house, kept 
by Jonathan Willis. This is a pretty village on the eastern 



52S 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOr.EDIA. 



side, and near the sumniil of a high hill ; land good ; houses 

indifferent At Log Jail, or Log Town, is a miserahle 

tavern, kept by Jones, a Jew. Six miles from Log Town 
is Hope, commonly called Moravian Town. This is a 
small, new, but very pretty village. Houses mostly stone, 
built in Dutch style." In describing Bedford, the shire- 
town of the county, he says that which " should interest 
Jerseymen and Buckeyes also:'' "Judge Symmes, John 
Cleves had taken lodging at the best tavern; we, however, 
made shift to get lodgings in the same house, Mr. Wert's, 
a Dutchman. Judge Symmes was complaisant. I had a 
letter to him from his brother at Sussex Court House, New- 
Jersey. He*had his daughter with him, a very pretty young 
lady.'' Dr. Tutlle speaking of this extract, at a reading 
of the New Jersey Historical Society, says: "Well might 
these two remarkable men treat each other * with com- 
plais:mce,' as they met in Bedford on their way to a country 
whose destiny was to be so greatly affected by their plans 
and energy."' The following is from a letter dated July 
nth, 17S7: **.... Two miles from the Hook is Bergeii- 
town, a very compact village of considerable extent. It is 
inhabited entirely by the Dutch. There is a large Di^lch 
church built with stone, and a handsome steeple. The 
houses are mostly built with stone, in the Dutch style. 
After leaving Bergentown I entered a very extensive marsh 

which goes far into the country Newark is a small 

village situated on a plain ; it has no considerable build- 
ings ; there is a small church, a Presbyterian meetinghouse, 

and a Dutch church Ehzabethtown is a very pretty 

village, several handsome houses, one meeting-house, and 

another new building I passed through Spanktown 

(now Rahway),but the meeting-house and the thickest of 
the buildings were at some distance. It is a small village 
of no consideration. New Brunswick is a large town, 
and well built. Many of the buildings are brick and stone. 
There seems to be considerable trade carried on in this 

town, though the shipping consists of very small craft 

Princeton is a small town, or rather has but a small num- 
ber of houses in the most compact part Trenton 

is spread over a considerable space of ground. There is 
only one small meeting-house and one church in this town. 
I therefore conclude that the people arc not much disposed 
to attend public worship, for the two houses, I presume, are 
not sufficient to hold one-third of the inhabitants." He 
died July 23d, 1823, aged eighty-one years, in the fifty- 
second year of his ministr)'. His oldest son. Judge Eph- 
raim Culler, of Warren, Washington county, Ohio, who 
died July Sth, 1S53, was a remarkable man, and was hon- 
ored in the Ohio Constitutional Convention as the successful 
leader of the opposition to an attempt to introduce slaver)' 
into that Stale, an attempt which at one time seemed sure 
of triumph. " Thus the name of Culler is an honored one 
in the history of the great West and Northwest, and is still 
most worthily borne by William P. Cutler, the son of Eph- 
raim, who still resides on the goodly acres which consti- 



tuted his ]iatrimony." The foregoing sketch is valuable as 
a part of the present volume on account of the insight which 
it affords into the early condition of many parts of the 
State, and into the history of a scheme for the development 
of the West in which New Jersey manifested a deep and 
active interest. 



^ 



ANKIN, WILLI.VM, of Newark, was bom, in 
December, 17S7, in Nova Scotia. His family 
was of Scotch extraction, his father having 
emigrated from Scotland. When he was still 
a child, his parents removed to Albany, New 
York, where he was educated, and whence, be- 
fore he was out of his teens, he went to Elizabeth, New 
Jersey, to learn the trade of a hatter. In 1812, having 
learned his trade, and learned it well, he removed to Newark 
and set up hatting there on his own account, conducting 
his business with an energy and industry and prudence 
that soon made it both large and profitable. In 1831 he 
took his son-in-law, Peter S. Duryee, into partnership with 
him, and the firm had a successful career for many years. 
He retired from the firm in 1S45, '''^ business being con- 
tinued by Mr. Duiyee and his partners until about the 
year 1S71. In 1S36, when Newark was proclaimed a city, 
he was elected an Alderman in the first Cily Council. He 
was also Vice-President of the Mechanics' Insurance Com- 
pany in Newark. His reputation as a business man and 
a citizen was high. Although a Republican in politics, 
and a man of political convictions, so th.at he could pro- 
mote the public good, he cared nothing for party. He 
was married early in life to Abigail Ogden, of Elizabeth, 
whose family were old residents of that place. He died 
at his home in Newark, December 15th, 1S69. 



KIXXER, D. M., Assistant Surgeon in the United 
States Navy, of Newark, New Jersey, upon 
pa.ssing the necessary examination, was appointed 
in September, 1S61. He then served one month 
on the receiving-ship " North Carolina," and 
six months upon the frigate " Sabine." During 
that time the lost " 'Vermont " was found, which vessel 
had left Boston for Port Royal, but encountering a heavy 
gale when but a few days out, lost anchor, sails and rudder, 
and drifted about at the mercy of the winds and waves 
until found by the " Sabine," when she was assisted in 
shipping a temporary rudder, finally reaching her destina- 
tion in safety. He was about one year on the sloop-of- 
war "Vincennes," attached to the West Gulf Squadron, 
and was then ordered to duty with the army besieging Port 
Hudson, and there, after the surrender, placed in charge of 
the General Hospital. Early in August, 1S63, he was 
ordered to the United States steamer " Calhoun." This 



EIOGRArHICAL ENCYCLOP.^iDIA. 



529 



vessel was Admiral Farragut's flag-ship in the attack upon I in the pursuit of a just ambition, to succumb to obstacles or 
Fort Powell, situated at the entrance from Mississippi surrender to adversaries. He is married to Miss Lusby, ol 
Sound into Mobile Bay. In April, 1864, the "Calhoun" New Jersey, 
being ordered to New Orleans for repairs, he was per- 
mitted to return to the North. In June, 1S64, he was 
ordered to the Naval Academy, then located at New))ort, 
Rhode Island, and there remained until he resigned, in 
May, 1S65. 



^^' 



\i ABE, HON. RUDOLPH F., Lawyer and Speaker 
of the State House of Representatives in the 
session of 1S77, was born in Germany in 1841. 
He received a classical education in his native 
country, from which, at the age of fifteen, he emi- 
grated to the United States, settling in New York 
city, where he engaged at first in mercantile pursuits, pur- 
suing them until 1862, when he began the study of law in 
the office of Connable & Elliott. Subsequently he entered 
the Columljia Law School, from which he graduated in 
1S69, and was admitted to the bar of New York, at which 
he has since practised, although his residence for the last 
thirteen or fourteen years has l)een in Hoboken, New Jersey. 
For a time he was one of the proprietors of the Hudson 
County Journal, published in Hoboken. His practice in 
the New York courts is large and general, extending to all 
branches of the profession. He is a lawyer of decided abil- 
ity, and of equal versatility, the latter quality, so far from dim- 
inishing or diluting the former, serving rather to strengthen 
and enrich it. For some years he has been the junior 
member of the law fimi of Browne & Rabe. In politics he 
is a Democrat, staunch and true, yet fair and dispassionate. 
Though a strong partisan, he is an honorable one. In 1S73, 
on his return from a visit to Europe, he was elected to the 
New Jersey Assembly, in which he is now serving his fourth 
consecutive term. His quality as a legislator is sufficiently 
disclosed in the fact that, besides having been a member of 
all the more important committees, be has been Chairman 
of the Committee on the Judiciary, and of the Committee 
on Commerce and Navigation, and, still more amply, in the 
organization of the Assembly in 1S77, when, there being a 
party tie, thirty Democrats to thirty Repuljlicans, he was 
elected Speaker, after a struggle of two days, terminated 
bv his receiving the votes of a number of Republicans, in 
addition to those of all the Democrats. It is pleasant to be 
able to record that this mark of confidence on the part of 
his political opponents has been justified by the uniform and 
manifest impartiality of his rulings, which have been ac- 
cepted with satisfaction by both parties alike. The oppor- 
tunity was a rare one, and he has proved himself equal to 
it, thereby at once confirming and enlarging his reputation. 
Henceforward the way to high honors will be apt to be 
open to him, but should it not be, he will probably know- 
how to open it. Young, able, well educated, well informed, 
a man of character as well as of intellect, he is not likely, 
67 



,\THERS, TIIOM.\S E., of AVoodbury, was born, 
December 15th, 1S31, at Germantown, Pennsyl- 
vania, his father, Thomas Mathers, being then a 
resident of Philadelphia, where the family \\m\ 
been old residents. He received his education 
in the public schools of Philadelphia, after leaving 
which he engaged with his uncle in stock-dealing and 
butchery in that city. When he was nineteen years of age 
he went to Woodbury, Gloucester county, New Jei-sey, 
where his parents had gone some years before, and there 
established himself in the business of a drover and butcher, 
which he carried on with such industry, judgment and thrift, 
that he soon became a prominent man 111 the community. 
His business qualifications, personal energy, and public 
spirit won for him the confidence of his fellow-citizens to 
such a degree that in 1S69, having previously filled several 
local offices, he was elected by a large majority Sherift of 
Gloucester county, and, so acceptable was his discharge of 
Ihe office, re-elected three times in succession. The sheriff- 
alty is an office that tries the mettle of a man as thoroughly 
as any other civil office whatever, insomuch that one who 
conies out of it w ilh general applause may pretty safely be 
taken for a man of courage and sense as well as of integ- 
rity; and in this point of view his successive re-elections to 
the office speak much more significantly than any ordinary 
series of re-elections could have done. They attest the 
public sense not merely of his business capacity and execu- 
tive vigor, but of his manhood and his probity. In 1875 
the Republican party, of which he is a staunch member, 
nominated him for the office of State Senator, and elected 
him by the full vote of the party in the district. His term 
in the Senate is still unexpired, but he has ser\ed long 
enough to show that he is an able, faithful and intelligent 
legislator. He is at present a member of the Committee on 
Commerce; of the Committee on Printing, and of the Com- 
mittee on Engrossed Bills. His constituents and his col- 
leagues alike hold him in high esteem as a Senator. As a 
man and a citizen he has the warm regards of all who know 
him. He was married in 1853 to Rebecca Graves, of 
Glassborough, who died November 22d, 1873. 



ODGE, REV. ARCHIBALD ALEXANDER, 
Minister and Author, was born in Pennsylvania, 
July iSlh, 1823, and is the son of Professor 
Charles Hodge, of Princeton, the eminent theo- 
logian and author. He graduated at the College 
of New Jersey in 1841. Three years later he 
became a tutor in the institution, and held that position 



530 lUOGRAPIIICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 

umi! 1S46. He gtaduatecl at Hie riinceton Theological I confined himself to advice nlone, being always ready to 
Seminaiy in 1847, and sidiseqiiently went to Allahabad, j back his public-spirited schemes willi his own capital. The 



India, as a missionary, under the auspices of the Presby- 
terian Board of Missions, remaining there and laboring 



j Vincentown National Bank, of wliich, in 1S64, he was 
elected President, was created through his exertions, and 



with much fidelity and success until 1S50. Returning to 1 by the liberal aid of his means; the Camden & Burlington 
this country, he became the pastor of a church at Netting- j County Railroad, now k section of the United Railways ol 
ham, Maryland, in 1S51. Four years later he accepted a i New Jersey Division of the Pennsylvania Railroad, was 
call to Fredericksbur", Virginia; in 1S61, one to Wilkes- ! strongly urged by him, and was in part built with his money ; 



V3 



the Vincentown Branch of this line w\as almost wholly his 
work; and the St. Mary's River Timber Company and the 
Vincentown Marl Company were likewise mainly created 
by his effort. Of all of these corporations he has from the 
outset taken a leading p.art in the direction, his business 
ability being exercised in their guidance, ns his forniulative 
.ability was exercised in their foundation. Of the Morris 
Canal Company, and of other equally important corporate 
organizations of the State, he is also a Director, his adminis- 
trative and executive talent naturally bringing him to the 
front in all business enterprises with which he becomes con- 
nected. During the late war he served for eighteen months 
as an Aide-de-Camp on Governor Olden's staff, being during 
this period Adjutant-General, and Master of Military Trans- 
portation. He married. May iSlh, 1S32, Emeline S. Bishop, 
of Burlington county. New Jersey. 



bane, Pennsylvania; and in 1 866, one to Allegheny City. 
Two years previously, in 1864, he was appointed Professor 
of Didactic, Historical and Polemic Theology in the Theo- 
logical Seminaiy in Allegheny City. He published 
••Outlines of Theology," New York, i860; translated into 
AVeUh, 1S63; "The Atonement," 1867; "Commentary on 
the Confession of Faith," 1S69; and " Presbyterian Doctrine 
Briefly Stated," 1869. 

Kf^RICK, GENERAL JOHN STOCKTON, of Vin- 
centown, was born at the old Inck homestead, in 
Notth Hampton (now known as South Hampton) 
township, Burlington county, New Jersey, August 
4th, iSii. His father, William Irick, was a 
native of New Jersey, a farmer, and also a sur- 
veyor and scrivener. His mother was Margaret Stockton, 
a member of the eminent Stockton family of New Jersey. 
His early education was received at the common schools of 
his native county, and was completed at the well-known 
academical institute at Burlington, of which John Gum- 
merie was principal. When twenty years of age he began 
farming upon his own account, and throughout his life he 
has always taken an active interest in agricultural affairs. 
In early m.anhood he identified himself with and became an 
earnest worker in the Whig party ; and since the foundation 
of the Republican party he has been no less active in the 
service of th.at organization. For a number of years he 
held the position of chosen freeholder, relinquishing this in 
1S47, when he was elected a member of the State Assembly. 
In 1848, and again in 1849, he was re-elected to the As- 
sembly, and during the three years that he remained in 
office — serving on the finance and other important com- 
mittees — he manifested a quite remarkable legislative ability. 

Althouah never again permitting his name to be put in { he has since early manhood been prominent in politics, 
nnminabon for a public elective office, he has continued to | Joining the Whig parly upon attaining his majority, he 
lake a zealous interest in the government of the State, and | worked and voted with that organization until the Republi- 
h.is exercised a potent influence in moulding and directing I can party was formed, and he has since continued an earnest 



fc^RICK, HON. HENRY J., of Vincentown, son of 
the preceding, was born in South Hampton town- 
ship, March 13th, 1S33. His early education was 
received at a select school m the immediate vi- 
cinity of his home ; he was subsequently, 1S44-49, 
a student at Treemount Seminary, Moriistown, 
where among his classmates was the present Governor of 
Pennsylvania, John F. Hartranft, and in 1849-51 concluded 
his education at the Freehold, New Jersey, Institute. For 
three years after leaving the institute he was employed 
upon his father's farm ; then moved to and took charge of 
the homestead farm, where he remained until iS63;was 
for several years resident in Vincentown while engaged in 
milling, and has latterly resided upon one of the several 
farms owned by the family near that town. Like his father. 



its policy. With an enlightened comprehension of the 
necessity for developing the great natural resources of the 
commonwealth, and with a clear, well-balanced mind, 
capable of adapting means to ends, and of adjusting practice 
to theory, he has for years been prominent in advancing all 



supporter of the newer political faith. In the fall ol 1S62 
he was elected to the lower house of the Stale Legislature 
from the old Fourth District of Burlington county l)y a 
majority of thirty five; was re-elected in 1863 by a majority 
of one hundred and ninety, and again in 1S64 by a majority 



measures lendin- to the public good, his intimate acquaint- of one hundred and sixty. During his three years in the 
ance with the leading men ol the State enabling him to 1 House, he served upon a number ol important committees, 
place his su..aestinns i°n such jinsition and in such shape as and in 1S64 w.as one of the Special Committee appointed I., 
to assure their speedily taking form in action. Nor has he ! adjust the dead-lock in the I.egislalure. In 1870 he w.xs 




*«^ AA Co P/ulad - 





e€A/tJ ^^^^O^'^iy/t^ 




EIOCRArillCAL ENCYCLOr.KDIA. 



531 



nominated ns Slate Senator from rnnlington county, and 
was elected by a majority of one hundred and fifty-five, 
running very considerably ahead of his ticket. In 187 1, 
and again in 1S72, he was re-elected. In the Senate, as in 
the House, he was appointed a member of important com- 
mittees, serving on the Judiciary, Engrossed Bills as Chair- 
man, Education, and Soldiers' Orphans' Homes. lie also 
served as Chairman of the Committee on Railroads at the 
time of the very serious difliculty between the Pennsylvania 
Railroad Company and the Hamilton Land and Improve- 
ment Company. In local enterprises he has taken a promi- 
nent part, and at present he is a Director and Secretary and 
Treasurer of the Vincentown Railroad Company, a Director 
of the \'incentown Loan Association, and Secretary and 
Treasurer of the Vincentown Marl Company. In 1S62 he 
married Harriet R. Clement, a niece of ex-Senator John 
II. Roberts, of Camden county. New Jersey. 



i;RAKE, LEWIS, M. D., Physician, of Rahway, 
was born, August 26th, 1803, in Middlesex county. 
New Jersey, and is a son of the late Reuben and 
Marion (Piatt) Drake, both of whom were natives 
of New Jersey. His father was a descendant of 
one of the Drake brothers, who, according to a 
family tradition, was a connection of the famous navigator. 
Sir Francis Drake, and who came to America about the 
year 1660. On first leaving home for school. Dr. Drake went 
to Basking Ridge, where he entered Dr. Brownley's grammar 
school. A few months subsequently Dr. Brownley received 
a call to take a professorship in Rutgers College, which he 
accepted. Thereupon Lewis Drake left the academy and 
soon after went to Amherst, Massachusetts, and entered 
the grammar school of that place. At the expiration of two 
terms he returned home and took lessons in Latin and 
Greek of a minister residing not far away from his father's 
residence. In a few months this preceptor sickened and 
died, whereupon his pupil decided to proceed no further in 
this course of study, but to begin at once a thorough prepa- 
ration for the medical profession. For this purpose he 
placed himself under the direction of Dr. Taylor, of New 
Brunswick, in whose olSce he pursued his studies for about 
eighteen months. He then went to Philadelphia and 
placed himself under the tuition of Dr. Samuel Jackson, 
who was at that time Professor of the Practice of Medicine 
in the University of Pennsylvania. He likewise attended 
three separate courses of lectures at that institution, from 
which he graduated in the spring of 1829 with the degree of 
Doctor of Medicine. Returning to New Jersey, he located 
at first at Woodbridge, where he commenced the practice 
of his profession, but only remained there a short time; and 
finally settled at Rahway, where he has since discharged 
his professional duties, covering a period of forty-seven 
years, and is the oldest resident practitioner of medicine in 



Union county. lie look an active part, in the years 1S55 
and 1S56, in causing the [lassage of an act by the Legisla- 
ture whereby the mill dams on the Rahway river, witlnn 
the city limits, were removed, as it was shown conclusively 
that they were the cause of much sickness to the population. 
He was married, in 1S32, to Charity .S. Freeman, who died 
•■Vpril 28lh, 1842. After a widowerhood of three years he 
was again united in marriage, in 1845, to Mrs. Julia Anna 
Martin; she died September 2d, 1874. 



LORE, WILLIAM, the Editor of the Trenton, 
New Jersey, Daily and Weekly S/ale Gazette, was 
born in the county of Kent, England, Fcbruaiy 
iSth, 1842. His ancestry was among the most 
ancient and honorable yeomanry of thai county, 
dating back, by authentic family records, to the 
time of the conquest. The subject of this sketch was 
brought to this country in 1848, the family first settling 
in New York city, and removing thence in 1850 to Mon- 
mouth county. New Jersey, where Mr. Cloke, Sr., fol- 
lowed the farming business for a short lime. This 
proving neither lucrative nor congenial, he entered into 
the business of a country merch.mt, where William as- 
sisted him in the capacity of clerk. When he was about 
seventeen years of age William began teaching a country 
school, and followed this occupation until i860, when he 
was summarily dismissed for the aggressive and outspoken 
character of his abolition sentiments. In 1S61 he was given 
entire editorial and business management of the Monmouth 
Herald and luquiier, a weekly Republican journal pub- 
lished at Freehold, the county-seat. He conducted this 
paper with such vigor and ability as to attract considerable 
attention, and the paper immediately rose to a position 
of influence and authority. It was while defending the 
principles of the Republican party and the cause of the 
Union in this sphere that he attracted the notice and won 
the lasting friendship of the late Horace Greeley. In a letter 
to the Secretary of War in I S64, Mr. Greeley said : " Mr. Cloke 
is one of the best and most promising young men in New 
Jersey." The sale of this paper, a few years later, left Mr. 
Cloke without enqiloyment, and he went South and engaged 
in the culture of sea island cotton at Hilton Head. Re- 
turning North, he took charge, as principal, for one year, 
of the Freehold Academy, and the next year, the spring of 
1867, was offered the position of city editor or reporter of 
ihe Trenton Slate Gazette, which he promptly accepted. 
He performed the duties of this position with such fidelity 
and acceptability that when the editor-in-chief, Mr. Enoch 
R. Borden, died, in 1S71, Mr. Cloke was at once promoted 
to the vacant chair. In this position the force and character 
of his mind have had full opportunity to displ.ry themselves. 
From early boyhood he had had a taste and genius for 



EIOGRAPIIICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 



newspaper work. When a lad at school, he drew with his | sively to paints, oils and colors; but finding it a difficult 
l)en and pencil an amateur newspaper, which excited the [ matter to ascertain, through the medium of the wholesale 
astonishment and delight of his teacher. Later he cone- j Hade, the most salable articles for the American market, 
spondcd every week with the local press, and the whole bent | he made arrangements for bringing himself into direct con- 
of his mind seemed to be strongly and irresistibly in the j tact with consumers. To this end he removed to a large 
direction of a journalistic career. As editor of the Stale i store on Fourth street north of Arch, the centre then as now 

[if the oil and color trade, and himself served behind the 
counter, being thus brought into close relations with practi- 



Cazette, he has made a decided mark in New Jersey jour- 
n.ilism. The p.aper has, under his editorship, steadily and 
rapidly risen in public favor and in influence and character. 
No newspaper in New Jersey ever before exerted so wide- 
spread an Influence upon lh_- thought of the State. It goes 
to every post-office in the State, to readers in the remotest 
sections, and its utterances are eagerly consulted by a very 
large circle of devoted admirers. Mr. Cloke's editorial 
■writings are characterized by profound sincerity, an intelli- 
gent and wide grasp of subjects of current interest, a mascu- 
line vigor of style, and by a moral earnestness wdiich wins 
the confidence of honest muuls. liuring the time that he 
has been editor he has been twice elected Assistant Secre- 
taiy of the New Jersey .Senate. He is emphatically the 
architect of his own fortune, having won his way in life 
entirely by his own exertions, and through the force of a 
vigorous mind and a strong and resolute character. He is 
regarded as one of the foremost editors in New Jersey, and 
as a rismg man. 



cal painters. The immediate result of his enterprising 
method of investigation was the discovery that a pressing 
need existed for a good green paint to take the place of the 
Taris or arsenical green, the latter not only having an in- 
jurious eflfect upon those using it, but being also deficient 
in body. Applying his chemical knowledge, he began a 
series of experiments that resulted in the discovery of an 
economical formula productive of the aiticle desired ; and 
pui-suing his investigations in a difierent direction, he made 
valuable improvements in the machineiy necessary to its 
manufacture. Upon the l.itter- he has taken out letters 
patent. In 1S52, for the purpose of enlarging his business, 
he took into partnership an old and experienced color 
manufacturer, his relation, Mr. Joseph Foster. In the same 
year he removed his store to No. 130 Arch street, and pur- 
chased a considerable tract of Land, on which was a large 
sheet of remarkably pure water, entirely free from lime or 
iron, in Camden county. New Jei-sey. Upon this tract he 



^, erected the Gibsboro' White Lead, Zinc and Color W'orks. 

^(r^ UCAS, JOHN, Manufacturing Chemist, eldest son The purity of the water enabled him to produce the beauti- 
of Thomas Lucas, and a descendant of the John | ful and permanent " Swiss " and " Imperial French " greens, 
Lucas of Ashbum, Derbyshire, who was the warm | now so favorably know 11 and so extensively used throughout 
friend and long-lime companion of Izaak Walton, ' the United States and Canadas. The perfection to which 
was born at Stone, Staffordshire, England, No- ! he has brought the white oxide of zinc, effected by continued 
vember 25th, 1S25. After receiving a liberal [ and careful chemical experiment, may be understood when 
education at Fieldplace Commercial Academy, near his j it is stated that the best judges of the article have pro- 
native town, and after passing a sufficient length of time in nounced it to be not only superior to any manufactured m 
his father's tea and general groceiy establishment to deter- ' this country, but fully equal to the world-renowned Yieille 
mine th.U mercantile pursuits as then obtaining in England | Montaigne Company's production. The pulp steel and 
were not to his hking, he entered upon the study of agricul- Chinese blues, and primrose chrome yellow, have super- 
tural chemistry. Thfs he prosecuted with much earnestness, I seded the French and English makes, and are now used by 
and to his proficiency as a chemist he owes his subsequently I all the leading manufacturers of paper-hangings in the 
successful business career. Previously to establishing him- | United States. In 1S57 Mr. Foster withdrew from the 
self in business he made— leaving England in 1S44— an \ firm, and the senior jwrlner was joined by his brother, Mr. 
extended tour of the United Slates and Canadas ; and so | William II. Lucas. The latter, under the new arrange- 
well pleased was he with the former that he returned to I ment, took charge of the s.alesroom and financial department 
Great Britain only to the end that he might make prepara- 1 generally, leaving the former at liberty to devote his undi- 
lions to become an American citizen. Various hindrances 1 vided attention to the manufacturing anil chemical depart- 
delayed his intended emigration, .nnd it was not until 1S49 ! ments, an arrangement that has enabled the firm to le.ach 
that he was enabled to s.ail. Upon his arrival in this { and maintain its present preeminence in the trade. Having 
counlry he .selected Philadelphia as his home, and with | become, by naturalization, a citizen of the United States, 
characteristic energy immediately embarked in active busi- j Mr. Lucas has thoroughly identified himself with his adopted 
ness, establishing a foreign commission house, obtaining the j country. At the outbreak of the rebellion he threw all his 
agency of several large firms in Europe, and laying a broad ; he.art and energy into the Union cause, being instant to 
foundation generally, upon which he has since built his ; assist in organizing, drilling and equipping volunteers for 
very extensive trade. His first store was at No. 33 North \ the army. The location of his large interests in New- 
Front street, .his operations being confined almost exclu- i Jersey has naturally caused him. to feel a lively concern 



lilGGRArUlCAL ExNXVCLOP.EDIA. 



533 



in the prosperity of the Camden & Atlantic Railroad Com- 
pany, upon wliose line his works are situate, and, conse- 
quent to this, in the welfare of the town at the seaward 
terminus of the road. For a number of years he has been 
imminent in the Board of Direction of the Company, and 
for years has been its President. His manufactory, near 
White- Horse Station, materially contributes to the revenues 
of the road, a large amount of freight being received at and 
shipped from this point under his orders. Personally, he is 
genial and affable, combining the shrewd business man with 
the polished gentleman. Among the members of the mer- 
cantile connnunity his name for honesty and integrity stands 
second to none. 



.'^ 



''{3 



IIILLDIN, ALEXANDER, Merchant, of Phila- 
delphia, was born in that city, January 28th, 1S08. 
His father. Captain Daniel Whilidin, a native of 
New Jersey, and a resident, in early life, of Cape 
May, was a well-known shipmaster at the begin - 
^ ning of the present century. In 1812 Captain 
AVhilldin sailed from a French port for America and was 
never heard of again. His widow, with her son and two 
daughters, removed to the old homestead at Cape May, and 
on the farm there the son remained until he was sixteen 
years old, receiving in the winters such education as was 
obtainable in the country schools. In 1S24 he returned to 
Philadelphia, and entered a store as an apprentice, his hon- 
esty, industry, and ability rapidly g.aining for him the con- 
fidence and esteem of his employers and of all with whom 
he was brought in contact. After eight years of faithful 
service, during which time he was advanced to positions of 
trust and considerable emolument in the firm, he determined 
upon beginning business on his own account, and to this 
end, in 1832, established himself as a commission merchant 
in cotton and wool, the first year w'ith a partner who brought 
in needed capital ; after the first year alone. The business 
then founded, almost half a century ago, has since grown 
to immense proportions, and the house of Ale.xander WTiill- 
din & Sons is now one of the foremost in America, dealing 
in wool, cotton, and yarns. In the development of this 
rrreat commercial establishment he showed, from the outset, 
rare business talent. Prudent, sound in judgment, courteous, 
industrious, self-reliant, and possessed of iifdomitable energy 
and remarkable administrative and executive ability, he 
could not fail to achieve success ? and although at one time, 
during a period of unusual depression in mercantile affaii^s, 
he was very considerably embarrassed in his resources, he was 
enabled to triumph over the temporary obstruction, honor- 
ably meeting eveiy obligation that he had assumed, and to 
turn what had seemed to be the wreck of his hopes and 
efforts into the sure foundation of a fortune well won and 
rarely well-applied. In 1S36 he married Jane G. Stites, 
descended from a family resident for over a century and a 



half in Cape May county. New Jersey. The three sons 
born to him in this marriage have for several years past been 
his business partners, and their assistance in the conduct of 
the house has given him leisure for a long-contemplated 
tour in Europe and the Holy Land, and "for closer attention 
to the interests of the many philanthropic and religious 
schemes in which he is prominently engaged. For forty 
years a devoted Christian, and for a great portion of that 
time a Ruling Elder in the Presbyterian Church, a very 
large part of his time has been giveii to furthering the 
various charitable and benevolent institutions founded by 
the Presbyterian and other evangelical denominations, and 
besides subscribing freely to their su])port he has given, as a 
Director, the benefit of his counsel in the guidance of the 
Presbyterian Board of Publication, Hospital, and Home for 
Widows, and also in thai of the American Tract Society, 
American Sunday-School Union, Union Temporary Home 
for Children, Seamen's Friend Society, and other scarcely 
less well-known organizations. But the work which will 
cause his name to live longest in grateful remembrance was 
tne founding of Sea Grove, in New Jersey, adjoining the 
city of Cape May. The site of Sea Grove was purchased 
of "The West New Jersey Society," in England, by Jona- 
than Pyne, the elder, through Jeremiah Basse; w.as in- 
herited by Jonathan and Abigail Pyne ; was deeded by them 
and Robert Courtney, Abigail Pyne's husband, to Henry 
.Stites in 1712, and w.as eventually inherited by Jane G. 
Stites, wife to Alexander Whilidin. The property possessed 
more than ordinary natural advantages as a seaside resort, 
having, beside a fine beach and surf, a fresh- water lake and 
numerous shade-trees; while rajiid communication with 
Philadelphia was assured by established railway and steam- 
boat lines. In 1875 ^^'^ Whilidin, having the hearty co- 
operation of his wife, determine(V upon founding upon this 
site *' a moral and religious seaside home for the glory of 
God and the welfare of man, where he may be refreshed 
and invigorated, body and soul, and better fitted for the 
highest and noblest duties of life." On the 1 8th of Febru- 
ary, 1S75, under the corporate title of "The Sea Grove 
Association," an organization was eflecled, and shortly 
thereafter a liberal charter was obtained from the New 
Jersey Legislature. Under this charter the company was 
empowered to insert in every lease or conveyance a clause 
absolutely forbidding the sale of intoxicating liquor upon 
the premises so leased or purchased, and also to forbid any 
act, either in the character of business or amusement, op- 
posed to morality or religion. Saving these especial clauses, 
the charter was of the same general character as those 
ordinarily held by the proprietors of park towns, compelling 
conformity on the part of tenants or freeholders with the 
general scheme of improvement adopted at the outset, wiih 
liability to such additional, reasonable regulations as might 
from time to time be adopted by the Board of Direction. 
Under this charter work was at once begun, and The waste 
beach was rapidly transformed into a chainiing jjark, well 



534 



BTOCRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.^iDIA. 



graded, well watered, well sliaded, and laid out in conven 
lent lots intersected by well made roads. The first building 
erected was a jiavilion, capable of holdinjj twelve hundred 
persons, intended for religious or other meetings, after this 
a commodious hotel ; and vvhen the seaside season opened 
Sea Grove was dedicated to lis excellent purpose by a series 
ol religious meetings participated in by many of the most 
einincnl divines and laymen of the Christian church. Fol 
lowing the erection of the hotel handsome cottages were 
erected by the several proprietors and by the various pur 
chasers of lots, and when the season of 1876 opened a 
village of delightful rural homes had been created, and a 
population had been secured calculated in every way to 
carry out the Christian and rational views of its founder. 
In order to insure conformity with the original plan the lots 
■were sold at an almost nominal price, and arrangements 
were entered into with the West Jersey Railroad Company, 
by which residents should have, in jiropnrtion to the extent 
of their improvement of the properly ijurchased, free passes 
over the line for one, two, or lliree years. In short, it was 
an enterprise underlaken fur the general good of his fellows 
by an earnest Christian who was at the same time a good 
man of business, and who, in cairying out his scheme for the 
common welfare, gave to those wlicmi he benefited not only 
comfortable homes fur pleasure and recreation, but also the 
hel(i of his judgment, large experience, and administrative 
lalent. Above all other of his many good deeds this, the 
creation of Sea Grove, stands eminent, for by it he has most 
largely, most directly, and most diHusely benefited his 
fellow men. It is a signal act, fitly marking the final period 
of his useful, honorable Irfe — a life so well spent in every 
way that its record may rightly stand as a lasting exemplar. 



ODD, JOHN R., M. D., late of Lebanonville, 
ccived his professional education in the New 
oik College of rhysicians and Surgeons, whence 
he was graduated M. D., in March, 1864. On 
/^4 the 15th of the following April he was commis- 
sioned an Acting Assistant Surgeon in the United 
Slates Volunteer Army, and was attached to the 2d New 
Jersey Cavalry. Although entering the army at the begin- 
ning of the last year of the war he saw quite as much ser- 
vice in the field as many surgeons appointed in 1861, for 
the 2d Cavalry, under the gallant Yorke, was one of the 
hardest fighting regiments in the whole army. He joined 
the regiment in time to take part in the disastrous foray 
(under Sturgis) against the rebel General Forrest, and, later, 
in Giier-son's brilliant raid through Mississippi; both affairs 
giving him ample professional employment. On the 1st of 
November, 1865, he was honorably discharged from the 
service; and in January, 1S66, having been ex.imined and 
licensed, he established himself at Lebanonville, Hunter- 
don county. Here, in a short lime, he acquired a very fair 




practice ; was made a member of the Hunterdon County 
Medical Society, and was in excellent standing both in the 
profession and as a citizen. Here, too, he married a daugh- 
ter of \V. Johnson, Esq. In April, 1S71, he removed to 
Omaha City, but in a few years falling health compelled him 
to abandon practice, and he returned to Lebanonville, 
where he died in 1876. 



■^/irORRIGAN, M. A., RIGHT REV., Bishop of 
(r I I I Newark, and President of Seton Hall College, 

'II I South, Orange, New Jei-sey, was born in Newark, 
.^^' New Jersey, August 13th, 1S39. His parents 

g^gj were well-to-do Irish-Americans, who sent their 
son, when quite young, to St. Mary's College, 
near Emmetsburg, Maryland, to be educated. His ability 
and beauty of character speedily won the esteem and affe ■.- 
tion of his teachers and associates, and in 1859 he <is 
graduated from the college with the highest honors. .n- 
niediately afterwards, having determined to enter the pries- 
hood, he went to Rome to study theology, and entered t.ie 
American College there, where he remained four years. n 
1S63 he was ordained a Priest by Cardinal Patiizi. The 
next year he was invested with the degree of Doclot of 
Divinity. In 1865 he returned to this country, an on ihe 
retirement of Rev. Dr. Biaun was appointed Vice-!, resident 
of Seton Hall College under Father Mctjiiaide, the first 
President of that institution. When the latter was appointed 
Bishop of Rochester, Dr. Corrigan was made President of 
the college, and his brother, James A., likewise in the 
priesthood, was made Vice-President, Under his able 
management the college grew rapidly in prosperity and in- 
fluence. In 1S73 Dr. Corrigan was appointed to succeed 
Bishop Bayley, who founded Seton Hall College, as Bishop 
of Newark ; and on May 3d, of that year, he was consecrated 
in St. Patrick's Cathedral, in that city, with grand and im- 
posing ceremony. Previous to this, and from the time of 
Bishop Bayley's elevation to the Archbishopric of Baltimore, 
Father Corrigan was made Administrator of the Diocese 
and Vicar General. At the time of his elevation to the 
prelacy Bishop Corrigan was but thirty-four years old, and 
the youngest bishop in the country. In person he is small 
of stature and slender. He is a good, earnest preacher; a 
fine student, and a man of much learning. 



^ ' ' ARLL, REV. BUCKLEY, Pastor of Ihe Presby- 
terian Church, of Rahway, late of Deerfield, was 
born in New Jersey, in 1770. In 1799 he became 
the pastor of the Presbyterian Church of Pitts- 
(s^'j grove. New Jersey. In the summer of 1802 a 
call was extended to him by the church at Rah- 
way, and met with acceptance. He was received by the 



mOGKArillCAL EXCVCLOrUUIA. 



S3S 



rresliylciy of New Yorl;, October Cth, lSo2; ami M its 
niccliii:^, at Connecticut I'aiiiis, November l6tli, lSo2, 
" Mr Davnl I letllekl, a commissioner from the congregation 
of Railway, appeared in I'lesiiytery, requesling the instal- 
ment of Mr. Buckley Carll as their pastor as soon as con- 
venient. Whereupon the Presbytery agreed to install him 
pastor of the congregation ot Rahway, on the fourth Tues- 
day of December, at 1 1 o'clock A. M. Mr. Griffin to 
preach the sermon; Dr. Roc to preside; and Mr. Hillyer 
to give an exhortation to the people." He was dismissed 
in 1S25, "broken down by disease," and returned to the 
neighborhood of his former charge, where, four miles from 
Deeifield, he purchased a farm, on which he resided until 
within a short period of his decease. He died at Deerfield, 
May 22d, 1849, in his eightieth year, and was buried at 
rittsgrove. His first wife, Naomi, died in Rahway, August 
28th, 1S04, in the thirty tifth year of her age. His second 
\Vif-!;, Abigail, survived him, and after his decease resided 
ii'"iiridgeton. New Jersey. 



AiNNEV, HON. WILLIAM BURNET, was born 
1'% at Speedwell, Morris county. New Jersey, in Sep- 

t' tember, 1799, his ancestors being among the 



I'T^ early settlers of the country. His father was a 
son of Sir Thomas Kinney, Baronet, who came 
from England to explore the mineral resources of 
the State, and settled in Mortis county, which then included 
Sussex. He was appointed by the crown High Sheriff, and 
held that office till the Revolution changed the government. 
His mother was a daughter of Dr. Wdliam Burnet, a dis 
tinguished physician, who was descended from Bishop 
Burnet, the historian of his own lime. He was a member 
of the Continental Congress and organized the medical 
department of the army, taking the Eastern Division under 
his own supervision. One of his sons was an aide to 
General Greene, of revolutionary fame, and attended Major 
Andre at his execution. Another, Jacob, was a pioneer in 
the West, wrote its history, and represented the State of 
Ohio in the national Senate for several terms. A third, 
Il.ivid G , was an early settler m Texas, and the first presi 
dent of that lepublic before its admission into the United 
Sl.iles. Abraham Kinney, the father of William E., was 
an officer in the war of 1812, and destined his son, who was 
then a boy, for the army. He was used to carry despatches 
duiing the hostilities, and was afterwards admitted to West 
I'omt as a cadet, but his father died about this time, and 
his mother, who had other views, withdrew him, under the 
impression that the gifts of oratory, of which he gave early 
piomise, would open for him a larger held of future useful- 
ness. To this end he was placed under the care of Mr. 
Whelpley, author of " The Triangle," and father of the late 
Chief Justice Whelpley ; afterwards he became a pupil of 



the late Rev. Jnhn Eord, D. D., an eminent classical teacher 
of the time, at Illoonilicld. His elder brother, Thomas T. 
Kinney, being a prominent member of the bar, and Surro- 
gate of Esse.x county, William B. entered his office as a law- 
student, and afterwards continued his course with Mr. 
Hornblower, who was his cousin by marriage, and after- 
wards Chief Justice of the State. His tastes, however, ran 
more in the direction of literature and metaphysics, and he 
demonstrated unusual brilliance as a writer and speaker. 
This brought him into direct intercourse with the press, and 
he became editor of the A'c-!v Jersey Eagle, a weekly paper 
at Newark, about the year 1S20; from which he retired aflct' 
the election of President Adams in 1S25, and went to New 
York to pursue his favorite studies. There he took an ac- 
tive pail in the establishment of the Mercantile Library, 
and became intimate with the Harper Brothers, who had 
just begun their publishing business and sought his advice. 
His judgment in the selection of books became extremely 
valuable to them, and their intercourse ripened into a mutual 
and life-long friendship. His excessive application im- 
paired his health, and about the year 183O he returned to 
Newark, where political excitements soon drew him into 
public action again as an earnest advocate of the princijiles 
of the Whig party, and in promotion of his friend, Henry 
Clay. About this period he became the editor of the 
Newark Daily Aih'ertiser, the firet daily paper issued in 
the State, and united it with the Sentinel of Freedom, one 
of the oldest weekly papers in the countiy, both of which 
he conducted with distinguished ability and increasing suc- 
cess. He became especially famous for his eloquence as a 
lecturer, and was called by literary societies in all parts of 
the Union to deliver addresses, which he did so far as 
possible, but he always declined compensation for such ser- 
vices. He also became an earnest advocate of popular edu- 
cation, and was foremost in promoting the establishment of 
the present free school system of the State. In 1836 the 
College of New Jersey, at Princeton, conferred upon him 
the honoraiy degree of Master of Arts, and in 1840 he w.is 
elected a Trustee of that institution, which he resigned in 
1850, previous to his departure from the countiy. In 1S43 
he was nominated for Congress by the Whig Convention of 
the Fifth District, against his will, but was constrained to 
accept the position ; and after one of the most excited con- 
tests ever known in the State he was defeated by a coalition 
of Independents and Democrats, with the late Hon. William 
Wright as their candidate. This coalition caused a political 
revolution in the State. In 1844 he, with the late Chan- 
cellor Green, was a Delegate-at-large to the National 
Whig Convention at Baltimore, and was chiefly instrumental 
in securing the renomination of a Jerseyman — the late 
Theodore Frelinghuysen — for Vice-President, on the ticket 
with Mr. Clay. Both, however, were defeated at the elec- 
tion by the Democratic nominees, Polk and Dallas. In 
1S51 he was appointed United States Minister to Sardinia 
by President Taylor, and on the eve of his departure was 



536 



DIOGRAPIIICAL ENCYCI.Or.EniA. 



complimented Iiy a banquet at the Park House by the 
leading members of both parties. At the court of Turin he 
became a great favorite of the ministry of that government, 
and was in constant consultation with them on the practical 
operation of the republican system in this country, which 
probably influenced the establishment of the present liberal 
institutions of Italy. He was also in active sympathy and 
intimate relations with the British minister. Sir Ralph 
Abercrombie, in the promotion of religious and political 
freedom in that country, and received a flattering acknowl- 
edgment from their prime minister, Lord Palmerston, on 
behalf of her Majesty's government. It was about the same 
])enod that Kossuth was brought to America from Constan- 
tinople in a national ship detached from the Mediterranean 
squadron, which was under Mr. Kinney's jurisdiction, and 
his position enabled him to give early information and 
advice to our government as to the character and objects of 
the distinguished exile, and thwarted his efi'orts to enlist it 
in a complication with foreign powers. Upon the expira- 
tion of his term of office at Turin he went to Florence, 
where he remained for several years among congenial 
friends, devoted to the cultivation of literature and art, in- 
cluding the Brownings, Hiram Powers, and others. He 
returned home in 1S64, and delivered the oration at the 
celebration of the 200th anniversary of the settlement of 
Newark, on May 17th, 1866, in the old First Church. This 
was his last appearance in public, and he is now enjoying 
the evening of his days near the place of his birth. 



[|ANN.\TTA, HON. JACOB, Lawyer, and late 
Attorney General of New Jersey, was born in 
Morris county. New Jersey, about 1825. He was 
admitted to the bar in the October term, 1849, 
and made counsellor in the February term, 1S53. 
On commencing the practice of law at Morris- 
town, New Jersey, his energy and great natural ability soon 
placed him in the front rank of his profession. He has 
been and is attorney for soine of the leading New Jersey 
railroads, and has an extensive practice in all the courts of 
the State and United States courts. In 1S75 he was ap- 
pointed, by Governor Bedle, Attorney-General of the State 
of New Jersey, a position he resigned in 1877 in conse- 
quence of its duties interfering with his extensive law prac- 
tice. The announcement that he had concluded to take 
this step was received with vei7 general regret, as the office 
had been admirably administered by him. He is politically 
a Democrat, taking an active part in the advancement of his 
party's interest and the general welfare of the county. Al- 
though he has been repeatetlly urged for the highest offices 
of the State, he has, with the single exception of his two 
years' service as .\tlorney-General, steadily declined office 
or nomination for political position of any character 
whatever. 



^OODIIULL, REV. JOHN, D. D., late Pastor of 
the Presbyterian Church of Freehold, Trustee of 
the College of New Jersey, was born in Suffolk 
county, Long Island, Januaiy 26th, 1744, and 
was the son of John Wuodhull, a man of wealth, 
probity and distinction, connected in marriage 
with Elizabeth Smith, daughter of William Smith, Esq., 
of St. George's Manor, Long Island. The WoodhuU 
family emigrated from Great Britain to Long Island at an 
early period in the settlement of this country, and are de- 
scended from illustrious ancestors through a long line, which 
has been preservc<l entire from the Norman conquest, A. D. 
1066. He received his classical instruction, preparatory to 
entering college, in a grammar-school under the care of 
Rev. Caleb Smith, his maternal uncle, who resided at 
Newark Mountains, now Orange, New Jersey. In the 
commencement of his education, when about sixteen years 
of age, he was seriously inclined "and importunate with 
God for his blessing." While in the College of New Jer- 
sey, soon after, under the presidency of the learned and 
pious Dr. Finley, "it ple.rsed ihe^reat Head of the church 
to pour out his spirit in a remarkable manner upon the 
youth assembled there," and he, with others, obtained sud- 
den and delightful relief, and saw his future open out more 
clearly before him. He soon gave evidence of warm and 
established piety, so that when he called on Dr. Finley to 
converse on the subject of the approaching communion, a 
business committed to the president of the college at that 
time, he scarcely waited for the young convert to express 
his desire, before he lifted both hands, and exclaimed, 
" Oh, go, go, and the Lord go with you ! " In 1766 he. re- 
ceived the first degree in the arts and at once proceeded to 
Fags' Manor for the purpose of pursuing theological studies 
with Rev. John Blair. While thus engaged he was strongly 
solicited by some pious young men, who had been his class- 
mates in college, from New England, to come over and 
study with them, alleging that they enjoyed there superior 
light. They pressed the invitation so urgently that he re- 
solved on this change of situation, and went hope to obtain 
his father's approbation. This was given, the arrangements 
made, and time set for his departure from Long Island. 
"The morning came, and he awoke, he thought, as well as 
usual, and sprang with alacrity out of bed ; but in attempting 
to dress he found himself unable to stand, and eventually 
was compelled to lie down again, when he was seized with 
an alarming fever that confined him there many weeks. 
His sickness was severe ; his recovery very slow. This dis- 
pensation of Providence he considered of great importance, 
as influencing materially the whole course of his after life." 
He then relumed to Mr. Blair, finished his preliminary 
studies, and, August loth, 176S, was licensed by the Pres- 
bytery of New Castle to preach the gospel. Of the several 
calls which he subsequently had under consideration at the 
same time, a sense of duty inclined him to prefer that of 
Laycock Congregation, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, where, 





5^/£ 



W^/^1 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENXYCLOP-EDIA. 



537 



August 1st, 1770, lie was ordained to the holy ministry. 
In 1779 he was translated from this charge to the large and 
respectable congregalion at Freehold, New Jersey, which 
was regularly organized June 3d, 1730; before this date' it 
had nominally existed a short time and enjoyed the pastoral 
labors of Uev. Joseph Morgan. In 1780 he was elected a 
Trustee of the College o( New Jersey, at Princeton, and to 
this institution he unceasingly devoted his most faithful at- 
tention. In 1798 he received from Yale College the degree 
of Doctor of Divinity, a tribute of respect, of which it was 
universally admitted he was eminently worthy. His fame 
as a f reacher of the gospel was already extensive, and his 
influence in ecclesiastical judicatories well known. " His 
eminence and usefulness were both increased by his un- 
common diligence and fidelity in condi-.cting for many years, 
near his residence, a grammar-school, which sent forth a 
succession of accomplished scholars, a good proportion of 
whom have shone with distinction in the learned profes- 
sions, and some have occupied offices of dignity and trust 
in the nation." His character also as a theological teacher 
was widely diffused, and during a period of thirty years. a 
great number of candidates for the sacred office from dif- 
ferent and distant parts of the church availed themselves of 
the advantages of his pleasant situation, his hospitable man- 
sion, his kind parental attentions, his welUselecfed library, 
and his richly furnished mind. But labors of this sort .he 
declined after the establishment of the Theological Semi- 
nary at Princeton, in whose prosperity he always manifested 
a deep interest, and in whose affairs and their direction he 
bore an important part for many years. " His i'nteUeclual 
endowments were by nature unquestionably of the first 
order. By native soundness of judgment, deepness of pene- 
tration and extent of view, comprehensiveness of mind and 
tenaciousness of memory, mildness of disposition, dignity 
of aspect and suavity of manners, fertility of mental re- 
source and masculine powers of eloquence, prudence in 
difficulty, patience, perseverance in enterprise and benevo- 
lence to the wretched, he was placed by the Hand that 
formed him in the first grade of his species. And his ac- 
quired furniture for the sacred office was rich and appro- 
priate." — Sermon, by Rev. Isaac A'. Brown, eminent clergy- 
man of Princeton, New Jersey. Mathematical science 
absorbed his mind, classical reading was his amusement, 
and history his delight through the college course; while 
his engagements in New Jersey, as teacher of languages and 
of candidates for the s.icred desk, made him familiar with 
the w hole circle of classics and led him to explore thor- 
oughly the treasures of sacred literature. When the church 
in this State was young and destitute, in m.iny parts almost 
shepherdless, he performed an incredible amount of labor, 
besides the care of his own flock, in organizing churches, 
establishing the principles of orthodox religion and Presby- 
terian church government, reconciling differences and re- 
pairmg desolations in the congregations, and raising up and 
sending forth laborers into the vast field then unoccupied. 
68 



" The churches looked to him as their counsellor and father 
in Christ, and they have long since, from ample experience, 
by universal suffrage, conferred upon this apostolic man the 
imperishable distinction of being one of the most orthodox 
and evangelic divines of the last and present century. . . . 
The church is by his death bereaved of a burning and 
shining light, the Presbytery of New Brunswick mourn the 
loss of a father, and Bible societies the departure of a steady 
adherent and able advocate; the State of New Jersey gives 
up to-day a patriot, enlightened, ardent, inflexible — one who 
has long shone splendidly in the bright constellation of her 
illustrious citizens." In 1772 he was united in marriage to 
Sarah- Spafford, of Philadelphia, and with this pious and 
excellent wx>man lived more than half a century. His 
granddaughter, Cornelia Neilson Woodhull, daughter of 
Rev. George S.Woodhull, of Princeton, New Jersey, was 
born: at.Cranbury, New Jersey, May i6th, 1S03, and died 
in 1824. 




/ 



RAVEN, JOHN JOSEPH, M. D., of Jersey City, 

was born in New Jersey, September Sth, 1822. 

He was apprenticed when a lad to David G. 

Ayr^s, house carpenter, of Newark, New Jersey, 
. and upon attaining his majority entered the em- 

ploymeiit:of.>John Grifrg, of Newark, carpenter 
Wright. He wa,s immediately employed in the 
consli;uction of the Pas,saic Chemical Works, and when the 
works went intg operation he was retained in the employ- 
ment, of William . Clough, proprietor, and a practical 
chemist, as Superijitendent of Construction and Repairs. 
The staple products of the works were acids and dry salts, 
and it was from the study of the various processes of manu- 
facture employed th.at he first acquired a taste for scientific 
research. While holding this position he was married to 
Catherine S., daughter of Mr. Samuel Tichenor, of Newark. 
In 1845 Morse's telegraph across New Jersey was in course 
of construction, the Newark office being located in the 
court-house of that city. During the erection and testing of 
the first instruments, he became greatly interested in the 
new science; became acquainted .with Professor Morse and 
others connected with the Magnetic Telegraph Company, 
and, resigning his jiosition in the Passaic Chemical Works, 
entered the service of the company as Superintendent of 
Construction. Under his supervision the line connecting 
New.ark, Paterson, Hackensack and Fort Lee was erected, 
and having finished this work he remained for some t:me at 
Fort Lee, under the instruction of Professor Morse, experi- 
menting in the construction of submarine telegraph cables. 
The attempts in this direction, made in the latter part of 
1845 and during 1846, were unsuccessful, a proper insula- 
tion of the wire presenting a difficulty that seemed to be 
wholly insurmountable. In 1847, however, he was shown, 
as a curiosity, some gutta-percha — a substance not theii 



538 



KIOGRArillCAL ENCYCLOPEDIA. 



known commercially— and he was at once sirnck by its 
ailaplal)ilily to the very purpose lliat he had in hand. In 
the month of August, 1S47, in his own house, with the as- 
sistance of liis wife, he covered with gutta-percha a copper 
wire, submerged it in water, and by repeated electrical tests 
satisfied himself that his discovery was in eveiy way a suc- 
cess. The wire that he had prepared being of sufficient 
length, he submerged it in the Passaic river at the railroad 
draw-bridge at Newark, and, by the consent of the Mag- 
netic Telegraph Company, connected it with the land wires 
on each side. Careful tests showed the new method to be 
entirely eftective, and the inventor had the satisfaction of 
knowing that he had won a great scientific victory — how 
great that victory was in the end to be, even he little 
imagined. This at Newark was undoubtedly the first ap- 
plication of gutta-percha .as an insulating substance for sub- 
marine telegraph purposes. In the latter part of 1S47, 
gutta-percha having at that time been placed in our markets, 
he prepared wires for use at various points where it was de- 
sirable to carry telegraph lines across navigable streams, 
and .all of these, when put into use, proved entirely satis- 
factory in their working. As he had unquestionably dis- 
covered the practical value, and had applied gutta-percha for 
the first time to telegraphic purposes, and as his discovery 
was evidently one of great commercial value, he took 
measures in 1848 to protect his rights by patenting the pro- 
cess which he had devised. By a quite unpardonable error 
of judgment on the part of the Commissioners of Patents, 
his application was refused ; the very insufficient reason 
given for such refusal being that Professor P'araday had 
already mentioned gutta-percha as being a non-conducting 
substance. Tliis was unquestionably true ; but Professor 
Faraday had not remotely hinted at the invaluable purpose to 
which it had been applied by the American inventor, and 
the essential excellence of a patent rests quite as much upon 
application as upon discovery. It is a disgrace to the 
P.itent Office that so excellent an invention was refused 
recognition, and that an inventor of such merit was de- 
frauded of his reward. The Hon. William D. Kelley, in 
his address delivered in Philadelphia at the cable celebra- 
tion (1858), thus alluded to the man who made submarine 
cables possible : " But we celebrate the laying of a sub- 
marine cable, and let me with my poor efforts draw from 
the obscurity into which it is fallen the name of th.at toihng 
worker of days-work who first laid a magnetic telegraph 
wire, coated in gutta-percha, under a body of water near his 
native town of Newark, New Jersey. He laid four thus 
coated, and for the use of one of them he received, from a 
l>Dwerful corporation, one dollar and twenty-five cents per 
day. He applied for a patent, but on grounds which, if I 
understand the case rightly, were very inadequate for such a 
decision, his claim was rejected, and he lost even his poor 
revenue from the work which the corporation used. John 
J. Cr.aven, of Newark, New Jersey, made and laid the fiist 
practical, substantial, available subfliarine telegraph ; and 



let his name stand out in its proper place.'' In the same 
strain is the following extract from the Newark Courier^ of 
January I5tli, 1S70: *'A former citizen of Newark was the 
first person to suggest the utility of submarine telegraph 
cables, and to carry I'.is suggestion into effect by ])rattical 
experiment. There is much truth in the old adage that 
prophets are never honored in their own country, but we 
are glad to observe one exception at least in a rule which 
lias such general application. A recent scientific report of 
pre-eminent authority very properly conceded the claim of 
the submarine cable inventor, and hands down to the rightful 
honor which awaits it the name of our former townsman. 
Dr. John J. Craven. Since Dr. Craven first undertook 
in a small, but nevertheless convincing way, to test the 
practicability of submarine telegraphic cal)les, the matter 
has received the attention of the scientific men of both sides 
of the Atlantic, and everybody knows the results obtained. 
Within a few years an electric current has bound the old 
world to the new, thus affording for intelligence a magnifi- 
cent triumph both over space and time. In point of com- 
munication, London and Paris are almost as near to us 
to-day as New York and Brooklyn. It is both proper and 
right to applaud the efforts of Field and others, whose 
energy and means contributed so much to this final demon- 
stration of practical science. Yet, while we cheerfully 
accord these indomitable spirits their just deserts, it is 
fitting that we should also remember the comparatively 
humble pioneer in this great undertaking, who has been 
rewarded in nothing but the late recognition of his just 
claim." Notwithstanding the difficulties with which the 
inventor had to contend, he liad a profound faith in his 
invention, and in a letter written in the early part of 1S48 
he prophetically says : " I have surely struck it. I have 
now in my possession a wire that is, in a short circuit be- 
neath a stream, in connection with a main line, doing its 
work faithfully. Mark my words : it will yet cross rivers, 
bays, seas and oceans, and connect continents." Having 
had his material prepared, he then, under the direction of 
the officers of the Magnetic Telegraph Company, laid down, 
on the 15th of June, 1848, a cable uniting New York and 
Jersey City, and making complete the line between New 
York and Washington. As at first laid this cable extended 
from the Cunard dock in Jersey City to the (then) Albany 
dock, at the foot of Cortlandt street. New York. This 
location he selected on account of its being almost in the 
track of the New York and Jersey City Ferry, hoping 
thereby to escape the dangers of disturbance from anchorage. 
In a few days, however, it was destroyed by an anchor, and 
a less exposed situation was in a little time selected. Mean- 
while his only pecuniary return for his labor and skill was 
the small salary paid him by the Magnetic Telegraph Com- 
pany, and in the hope of bettering his fortunes he sailed 
early in 1849 foi" 'h<^ X'^tn just discovered gold-fields of 
California. His success upon the Pacific coast was not 
brilliant, and in 1851 he returned to the States, and in the 



EIOGRAnilCAL ENXVCLOP.EDIA. 



539 



sime year I>ej;.in the study of medicine, and subsequently 
placed himself under the preceptorship of Dr. Gabriel 
Grant, of Newark. Having attended lectures at the 
College of Physicians and .Surgeons of New York, he en- 
tered upon the practice of medicine in Newark, and re- 
mained in successful pr.tctice in that city until i86l. On 
the breaking out of the late war he was offered and accepted 
the appointment of .Surgeon to the 1st New Jersey Regi- 
ment, .and served with that organization during the three 
months' term of its enlistment. Having returned he was 
invited by the Secretary of War to appear before a Board 
of Army .Surgeons, then sitting in the city of W.ishington, 
as a candidate for Brigade Surgeon. Passing through this 
examination successfully, he was appointed Brigade Sur- 
geon and attached to the staff of General H. G. Wright, in 
Sherman's expeditionary corps. In February, 1S62, hewas 
.promoted to be Chief Medical Officer of General Wright's 
brigade, and accompanied that force to Florida ; was sub- 
sequently assigned to duty on Tybee island, Georgia, and 
while active in this capacity, was selected by the medical 
director of the department for Chief Medical Officer to 
General Cilmore's command during the investment of 
Fort Pulaski. In September, 1862, he was made Medical 
Purveyor of the Department of the South, with head-quarters 
at Hilton Head. In May, 1S64, he was made Chief 
Medical Officer of Field Operations against Forts Wagner, 
Gregg and Sumpter. On the reduction of the works 
General Gilmore organized the loth Army Corps, with 
which Surgeon Craven proceeded to Virginia as Medical 
Director, and was in the following August detailed for 
thirty days as a member of a Board for the Examination of 
Hospitals in the Department of the E.ist, saving which time 
he remained with the loth Corps until 1865. On the 17th 
of January, by special order, he was assigned to duty as 
Medical Purveyor and Chief Medical Officer of the De- 
partment of Virginia and North Carolina, with head-quarters 
at Fortress Monroe. In March, 1865, he was brevetted 
Lieutenant-Colonel for faithful and meritorious services 
during the war, and on the l6th of December he was hon- 
orably discharged from the service. While on duty at 
Fortress Monroe he attended lectures at the Baltimore 
Academy of Medicine, and from that institution received 
his degree of M. D., a formality scarcely necessary, since in 
the school of the army he had successively taken the degrees 
of Surgeon of the Regiment, .Surgeon of the Brigade, .Sur- 
geon of Division, .Surgeon of Corps, Surgeon of the Army, 
and finally Chief Medical Officer of a Dep.artment, winning 
each of these positions by his acknowledged professional 
and executive ability. In 1S67 he again began the practice 
ofhis profession in New Jersey, establishing himself in 
Jersey City. About this time, as will be remembered, the 
great abattoir at Communipaw was figuring prominently in 
the New Jersey courts ; had been formally declared to be 
by the chancellor — as it certainly w.as — a nuisance, and by 
the same authority its conduct had been enjoined. In this 



strait, the president of the abattoir company applied to Dr. 
Craven, on the ground of his extensive chemical and sani- 
tary knowledge, to devise some plan by which the business 
might be unobjectionably conducted. Entering into the 
work with great interest and enthusiasm, he entirely suc- 
ceeded in bringing it to a successful issue, although in the 
course of so doing he was compelled to invent processes, 
and to, moreover, invent machinery for putting such pro- 
cesses into action. He is now the recognized authority 
upon establishments of this sort, and during the last ten 
years his advice has been sought by the projectors of the 
large abattoirs in this country. In this present instance his 
inventions have deservedly redounded to his own profit, 
and he can now contempLate with coolness the millions lost 
to him through the bungling of the Patent Office over his 
gutta-percha- coated wire. Oddly enough, he has himself 
come of late years to be a recognized expert in patent cases 
of a scientific character, too late, however, to be of any 
service to his own claims. One of his most important in- 
ventions, as yet unmentioned,is a process for the transporta- 
tion of fresh meat for long distances, a process that is now 
in successful use and seems to entirely fulfil all reasonable 
conditions. But the list of his successes is too long to be 
enumerated ; from what h.as been written the rest must be 
inferred. He is a typical, self-made man, of humble origin 
and without any early advant.iges of education; with, in- 
deed, almost insuperable natural disadvantages to weigh 
him down, he has by sheer force of nerve and strength of 
intelligence raised himself to a comaianding position in the 
community. Summing him up, intellectually and person- 
ally, one of his fellow staff-officers wrote, a dozen years ago : 
" He is a very excellent, kind, skilful and conscientious 
medical attendant. A vigorous follower of field sports; 
rather spare of habit; pure Roman features, set off to ad- 
vantage by military whiskers and moustache ; a voice of 
excellent modulation, and manners of great courtesy and 
politeness. He is a devotee of science in all its branches, 
and more fully fills my idea of a savant than any other 
medical man it has been my fortune to meet in the army." 



EWELL, HON. WILLIAM A., was born in Ohio 
and gradu.ated at Rutgers College. Moving to 
New Jersey when still a young man, he took an 
active interest in politics, and was shortly after- 
wards elected upon the Republican ticket a 
Representative to Congress from 1S47 to 1S51. 
Abraham Lincoln was a member of the same Congress, 
and the two men sat beside each other in the House, 
roomed and boarded together, and became intimate friends. 
In 1856 Mr. Newell was elected Governor of New Jersey 
by a Rejiublican majority of about 1,000. In 1864 he was 
a Deleg.ate to the Baltimore Convention, and was re-elected 
to the Thirty-ninth Congress, Mr. Lincoln at that time 



S40 



r.IOGRAnilCAL ENXVCLOr.-EDIA. 



being Presiclenf, and the fiiemUhip between them was re- j thousand Ijushels capacity, which he afterwards enlarged to 
newed. He served on the Committees on Foreign Affairs | eighty thousand bushels; and, finally, building still another 



and Revolutionary Claims, and was an indefatigable worker. 
In 1868 and 1870 he was a candidate for re-election to Con- 
gress, but was both times defeated. In 1 871 he was a can- 
didate for the United States Senate, and for a number of 
years he held the office of Vice-President of the National 
Union League. 



■^ '^ ALLANTINE, PETER, of Newark, New Jersey, 
Brewer, was born in 1791 in Ayrshire, Scotland, 
memorable, among other things, as containing 
the birthplace of the poet Burns, and the AUo- 
way-Kirk, in which Tarn O'Shanter had his 
midnight vision. In 1S20 he came to this coun- 
try, and went to Albany, New York, where he entered the 
ser\'ice of Robert Dunlop, a bre%ver, and one of the most ex- 
tensive at that time in the country, with whom he learned 
the process of brewing, though more from close observation 
of the work as done by others than from direct instruction. 
Such was his docility and mother wit, however, that he soon 
mastered the business, and was employed as brewer and 
malster by several leading firms in succession at Albany 
and the vicinity, and subsequently became a partner in the 
firm of Fidler, Ryckman & Co., in which he remained 
about six years. He was now not .only an expert but an 
experienced manager in the business.. In 1840 he removed 
to Newark, New Jersey, and rented there a breweiy, which, 
though it had never been operated successfully before, 
he carried on with steadily increasing success from the be- 
ginning, in the face not merely of the competition of 
the most celebrated brands in the countiy, but of the bad 
reputation of the ales previously brewed in the establish- 



malthouse, two hundred feet long, forty-eight feet wide, and 
six stories in height. In these ample accommodations he 
rests for the present, but as his business is as active and pro- 
gressive as ever, there is no telling how soon it may outgrow 
even such immense facilities. It should be stated that his 
establishment supplies malt to other brewers, producing con- 
sequently much more than is consumed in his own breweries. 
His house is thus a kind of mother-brewery, standing to 
others in something of the same relation that the metropolis 
bears to other cities. It is assuredly a grand monument of 
his energy and skill. During the first five years of his busi- 
ness career in Newark he w.is in partnership with Mr. E. 
Patterson, and since 1859 his three sons have been associ- 
ated with him, under the firm-name of P. Ballantine & 
Sons, one of them having charge of the principal depot in 
New York city, whence all the shipping is done and all the 
city trade supplied. But the father has been the head of 
the concern in fact as in name. He is now a patriarch not 
only among brewers but among men, being eighty-six years 
of age. All the most important improvements in his busi- 
ness have come in under his eye. He h.as seen hand labor, 
exclusively used in breweries when he began, superseded 
almost wholly by the appliances of modern invention ; the 
old cumbrous and costly motive powers replaced by steam, 
with the consequent revolution in his own as in all other de- 
partments of industry ; and brewing, once thought practica- 
ble during only about eight months of the twelve, continued 
throughout the year, sound ale being brewed alike in July 
and in January. And all these improvements, as they have 
appeared one after another, he has been quick to seize and 
utilize for the benefit of his customers as well as himself, 
until he has succeed""-! not simply in amassing a fortune, but 
in raising the reputation of Newark ale in this country to a 
height scarcely less than that of Munich beer in Germany, 



ment. At the end of the eighth year he had increased his 1 keeping at the same time his own reputation, amid all vici- 
annual production to eleven thousand barrels, which, being situdes, free from spot or tarnish. Well does he merit, what 
the limit of the facilities then at his command, necessitated ^g receives in full measure, the respect and veneration of his 



the erection of new buildings; whereupon he bought in 
1848 a tract of land adjacent to the Passaic river, on which 
he built a malthouse of thirty thousand bushels capacity, and 
in the following year a new brewery, communicating with 
his new malthouse, and having a capacity of one hundred 
barrels a day. His business was at last in the full tide of 
prosperity, and flowed on with ever increasing volume, in- 
somuch that the difficulty was not to accelerate it but to 
keep pace with it, new facilities being constantly required to 
meet the new demands. The sales continued to grow until 
from brewing four times a week he was compelled to brew 
every day, and sometimes twice a day. He, however, kept 
his swelling business well in hand by dint of wisely yiehl- 
ing to its successive exactions, building first another malt- 
house of twenty thousand bushels capacity ; next enlarging 
his brewery; then building a third malthouse of sixty 



fellow-citizens. 



HOMPSON, REV. STEPHEN OGDEN, Presby- 
terian Minister, of Connecticut Farms, New Jersey, 
was bom in Mendham, New Jersey, and was a de- 
scendant of " Goodman Thompson," one of the 
founders of Eliz.ibethtown, and a pioneer settler 
of extended reputation. His parents were Jacob 
and Hannah (Beach) Thompson, daughter of Elisha Beach ; 
his grandfather, Stephen Thompson, was nineteen years old 
when his father, Joseph, migrated from the old home at 
Elizabethtown to the head spring of the Passaic, in what is 
now known as the village of Mendham ; Joseph, the great- 
grandfather, was the son of Aaron, and the grandson of 



E-IOGRArillCAL ENXVCLOr.'EDIA. 



541 



Goodman Thompson; Ihe grandfalher of Stephen O. 
having died at thirty years of age, the widow married Dr. 
Joseph Ogden. The subject of this sketch studied at the 
College of New Jersey, and graduated from that institution 
in 1797. Jle was then, October iSlh, 1798, taken under 
the care of the Presbytery of New York ; and licensed to 
preach, October 9th, 1800. A call for his services as pastor 
was presented to the Presbytery, June 15th, 1802, from the 
church of Connecticut Farms ; and he was ordained pastor 
thereof on Tuesday, November l6lh, 1S02, at eleven o'clock 
A. M. ; Rev. Asa Hillyer, of Orange, New Jersey, presided; 
Rev. Aaron Condict, of Hanover, preached the sermon; 
and Rev. James Richards, of Morristown, gave the exhorta- 
tion to the people. Thrice during his ministry, in 1808, 
1813-14, and in 1S17, his people were favored with notable 
revivals of religion. In 1S34 he was dismissed. He sub- 
sequently removed to Indiana, N. E., and became a 
member of the Presbytery of St. Joseph (N. S.), in which 
he continued till his decease. May 31st, 1856, in his eighty- 
first year. February 24lh, 1803, he was married to Henri- 
etta Beach, a daughter of Major Nathaniel Beach, of 
Newark. The ceremony was performed by Dr. Macwhorter, 
with whom, probably, he had studied for the ministry. 



(2^-ijpORST, DANIEL P., Merchant, of Trenton, was 
(>.'"Jy born in New Hope, Bucks county, Pennsylvania, 
<>,lu April lith, 1S22, and is the son of William H. 
Forst, of that place, a merchant and member of 
the firm of Daniel Parry & Co. After attend- 
ing for some years the schools and academy of 
New Hope, Daniel completed his education at Plainfield, 
New Jersey. On leaving school he commenced his business 
life as a clerk in the employment of the firm of which his 
father was a member during his lifetime. In this engage- 
ment he continued until 1 841, when, being then in his 
twentieth year, he removed to Bristol, Pennsylvania, and 
commenced operations on his own account in the coal, lum- 
ber and general mercantile business. Success attended his 
enterprise. In 1855, desirous of a wider sphere, he re- 
moved to Trenton, New Jersey, and opened a general store 
business on Broad street, which he pre .cuted energetically 
for a period of three years. In 1858 the firm of Forst & 
Taylor was organized, the copartners being Daniel P. Forst 
and John Taylor, of whom a biographical sketch appears in 
another part of this volume, and it became one of the 
pioneers in the wholesale trade of Trenton. Its sales, 
which have now reached nearly a million of dollars per 
annum, at the time of the formation of the copartnership 
amounted to less than two hundred thousand. After an 
association of twelve years Mr. Taylor retired from the firm 
in 1870, and Mr. W. H. Skirm became a member, the 
style being D. P. Forst & Co. Since that date C. W. 
Leeds and Joseph M. Forst, son of the senior member of the 



firm, have been admitted to an interest in the business. 
The first store occupied by Forst & Taylor was a compara- 
tively small one at the corner of Green and Hanover streets, 
and in it they continued for one year. More commodious 
premises were then found at the northeast corner of Green 
and Academy streets. In 1866 their constantly increasmg 
business demanding considerable enlargement of their facil- 
ities, their present handsome and capacious building was 
erected. The store and the business transacted therein are 
upon a scale fairly rivalling concern-s of the same class 
in New York and Philadelphia. The development and 
prosperity of the est.iblishment are the natural results of the 
energy, integrity and fine business qualifications brought to 
bear by Mr. Forst. He is a very public-spirited man, and 
labors in and out of season to advance the commercial and 
social status of his adopted city. He is an active member 
of the Board of Trade ; Director in the Mechanics' National 
Bank, and in the People's Fire Insur.ince Company. In 
politics he is a Republican, but he only takes a citizen's in- 
terest in political affairs. 



CARBOROUGH, RT. REV. JOHN, D. D., Prot- 
estant Episcopal Bishop of New Jersey, was born 
in New York in 1827. He received his early 
education in that State, and afterwards entered 
Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut; after 
graduating at this institution he entered the Gen- 
eral Theological Seminary of the Protestant Episcopal 
Church in New York city, and was graduated in the class of 
1857. At the seminary he was esteemed for his many bril- 
liant and scholarly qualities, and for his zeal in missionary 
and Sunday-school work among the poor of the parish of 
Trinity Church. His first office was with the venerable Rev. 
Dr. Thomas W. Coit, of Christ Church, Troy, New York, 
to whom he was assistant for several years. His next care 
was to Poughkeepsie, New York, where he had charge of 
a large and flourishing parish. From here lie removed 
to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to become the successor of the 
Rev. Dr. Swope at Trinity Church, the most prominent 
Protestant Episcopal Church in that city. Dr. Scarborough's 
ministrations in his new parish were very successful and ac- 
ceptable to his congregation, who during his incumbency 
erected the present elegant and costly church edifice. In 
November, 1 874, he was elected, after a protracted struggle, 
to the Bishopic of the Diocese of New Jersey, which State 
h.ad been divided into a Northern and Southern diocese, and 
Bishop Odenheimer, formerly the Bishop of both, having 
selected the Northern diocese as his own. The Southern 
diocese includes the counties of Cape May, Cumberland, 
Salem, Gloucester, Camden, Burlington, Mercer, Hunterdon, 
Atlantic, Ocean, Monmouth, Union, Middlesex and Somer- 
set. The Burlington College for Boys, and the Female Col- 
lege, St. Mary's Hall, both at Burlington, and the Episcopal 



542 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.^DIA. 



residence of Riverside are included in this diocese. On 
February 2d, 1875, Bishop Scarborough was consecrated in 
St. Mary's Church, Burlington. Like his predecessors 
before the division of the seat, he has since made Burling- 
ton his residence. Bishop Scarborough is a man of great 
zeal and unusual ability, and his rare executive ability has 
been shown in his administration of the Episcopal office in 
New Jersey. 



y;^pRKE, HON. THOMAS JONES, Merchant, of 
Salem — a descendant of Thomas Yorke, some 
time a High Sheriff in England during the reign 
of Henry VIII. ; more recently of Simon Yorke, 
a native of and landed proprietor in Wiltshire, 
and afterwards a resident of Dover, in Kent ; and 
fifth in descent from Thomas Yorke (brother of Joseph 
Yorke, some time Mayor of Dover, and Minister to the 
Hague under George II.), who immigrated to America from 
Yorkshire in 172S — was torn in Salem, New Jersey, March 
25th, iSoi. Having received a substantial English educa- 
tion at the Salem Academy, he entered the store of his 
grandfather, Thomas Jones, a merchant of Salem, and 
thence in 1 81 7 entered the counting-house of James Patton, 
at that time a leading shipping merchant of Philadelphia. 
Four years later he returned to Salem, and established 
in partnership with his uncle, Thomas Jones, Jr., a general 
business under the firm-name of Jones & Yorke. This 
business he continued until 1S47, when the pressure of 
other affairs, public and private, compelled him to relin- 
quish its conduct. Early in life he associated himself with 
the ^Yhig parly, and with that political organization and with 
its successor, the Republican party, he has since been 
prominently identified. Having held various local offices in 
his native county, his broader public career was begun 
in 1835 by his election to the State Assembly. The ensuing 
year he was elected a member of the National House 
of Representatives, and until 1843 continued to be a mem- 
ber of that body. During his term of office occurred the 
famous " Broad seal war," and it was also while he was a 
member of the House that Morse made his application to 
Congress for aid in building the first line of telegraph. He 
was one of the members who voted in favor of the appro- 
priation of $40,0CX3 for the construction of the Baltimore 
and ^Yashington line. His fine business ability naturally 
brought him into connection with numerous corporate 
organizations, and his money and judgment were given with 
equal freedom in stimulating and developing the resources 
of his native State. In 1S53 he was elected a Director and 
w.as made Secretary and Treasurer of the ^Yest Jersey 
Railroad Company; held these offices until 1S66, when he 
was elected President of the road, and since 1S75 — -when 
he resigned the position of President — has continued to be a 
member of the Board of Directors. Within the past twenty- 



five years it is safe to say that this line of railway has more 
than doubled the productiveness, and has more than quadru- 
pled the value of the section of country that it drains. 
For very much of this appreciation in usefulness and value 
Mr. Y'orke is directly responsible; his management of the 
road having been based on a policy of enlightened liberality 
calculated to induce the mutual prosperity of the owners 
and patrons of the line. In his management of the Cape 
May & Millville Railroad Company, and of the West Jersey 
Express Company — of both of which he is President — a 
similar policy has been uniformly maintained ; and a like 
policy has been urged by him in the conduct of the West 
Jersey Mail and Transportation Company; in that of the 
Salem Railroad Company, in that of the Swedesboro Rail- 
road Company, and in that of the Camden & Philadelphia 
Ferry Company, in all of which corporations he is a 
Director. Besides holding the various positions already 
named, he has been for the past twelve years President 
Judge of the Court of Common Pleas of Salem County. 
For this latter office he was especially fitted by a course of 
legal study, undertaken not with a view of practising law as 
a profession, but for the purpose of gaining additional 
knowledge to be used in the management of his own affairs, 
and of the affairs of the various trusts the discharge of 
which have been laid upon him, and so beneficial has this 
knowledge proved to him that he caused both of his sons to 
pursue a similar course of study," although neither intended 
to enter upon a legal career. During the late war he was 
earnest and outspoken in his maintenance of the Federal 
Union, but his only active military service was during the 
war of 1812, when — a mere lad — he was for a considerable 
period employed as a scout to note the movements of the 
British forces at the time of the blockade of the Delaware. 
The duty to which he was then detailed was intelligently 
and effectively discharged, and was of material service to 
the American forces. He was twice married — first to Mary 
Ann, daughter of Jonathan Smith, Esq., of Bucks county, 
Pennsylvania; and, second, to Margaret Johnson, daughter 
of Thomas Sinnickson, Esq., of Chester county, Pennsylva- 
nia. His eldest son, Louis Eugene, was educated as a 
civil engineer at Rensselaer Institute, New York ; was sub- 
sequently employed on the Pennsylvania Railroad, Mem- 
phis & Charleston Railroad, and in 1S60 was engineer in 
charge of the Bergen tunnel. Resigning this position he 
entered the United States volunteer army as a member of 
the 7th New York Regiment ; served with that organization 
during its term of enlistment ; entered the regular army and 
was commissioned a Captain in the I4lh United States Regi- 
ment ; was with Sherman in his march to the sea ; was 
wounded in the Arkansas campaign, and at the end of the 
war — at which time he held the brevet rank of Colonel — 
resigned his commission and resumed the practice of his 
profession. He died in Cincinnati in 1873. Mr. Yorke's 
second son, Thomas, is a member of the firm of Sinnickson 
& Co., of Philadelphia. 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENXYCLOP.EDIA. 



543 



fJiLL, HON. JOHN, Merchant, of Boonton, was 
born at Catskill, New York, June loth, 1821, and 
received a substantial business education in the 
schools of his native place. On leaving school he 
devoted himself to mercantile pursuits. In 1S44 
he removed to New Jersey, locating at Boonton, 
an iron manufacturing town of Morris county, and engaging 
in merchandising. His unquestionable integrity and large 
public spirit rapidly won for him the esteem and confidence 
of his fellow-citizens. He identified himself thoroughly 
with the town, and manifested at all limes a deep interest in 
the welfare and progress of its institutions. It followed 
veiy naturally that he should be asked to serve the commu- 
nity in official relations. Repeatedly he was elected to 
local offices, and in i860 he was elected as a Representative 
to the New Jersey Assembly, and was re-elected in the fol- 
lowing year. During the succeeding period of war he 
earnestly and ably sustained the general government in all 
measures necessary to suppress the rebellion, freely devoting 
his time and means in the raising of troops, and in extend- 
ing aid and comfort to the soldiers in the field, often visiting 
the camps and rendering the men every assistance in 
his power. This patriotic course he pursued so long as an 
army remained in the field, so long as sick and wounded had 
to be cared for. In 1865 he was again elected to the New 
Jersey Assembly, and was chosen Speaker of the House, in 
which position he proved exceptionally efficient and reliable. 
During that session of the Legislature he introduced and 
carried through the House and passed the Senate the joint 
resolutions of thanks to the soldiers and sailors of New 
Jersey who enlisted to put down the late rebellion, and 
which have been issued in the form of a certificate and sent 
to all soldiers and sailors whose place of residence could be 
found. At the general election in the fall of 1S66 he was 
returned to the Fortieth Congress, and was re-elected 
two years later to the Forty-first, and again in 1S70 to the 
Forty-second. During his career in Congress he served on 
the Committee on Post-Oflices and Post- Roads, and his well- 
directed efforts to secure reforms in the postal service 
secured him a national reputation. It is not too much to 
say that the country is probably more indebted to him than 
to any other member of Congress for those two almost in- 
estimable reforms — the present postal card system, and the 
abolition of the franking privilege. In the Fortieth and 
Forty-first Congresses he was also member of the Commit- 
tee on Coinage, Weights and Measures, and in the Forty- 
second, Chairman of the Committee on Expenditures of the 
Department of the Interior. While working for national in- 
terests he was by no means unmindful of those more imme- 
diately appertaining to his constituency, the mining, manu- 
facturing and agricultural affairs in which his district is 
so largeiy concerned receiving careful and constant atten- 
tion at his hands during his congressional career. Believing 
in the principle of " protection to American industry," he 
was fully awake to the importance of protecting labor, and 



was ever on the alert to defend the interests of the working- 
man. Among other congressional labors mention must be 
made of his active efforts in procuring an appropriation, on 
April 13th, 1861, for the " life-saving service on the New 
Jersey coast," or, "for the purpose of more etfcctually 
securing life and property on the coast of New Jersey," 
whereby additional stations, with crews at each, and im- 
proved surf-boats, have been secured, which have proved the 
means of saving great loss of life and of property since they 
went into operation. On his return home from Congress his 
constituents marked their high sense of "his important 
services in behalf of protection to American industry, 
postal reform and the general interests of his country. 
State and district, during three terms in Congress," by the 
public presentation of a very handsome testimonial consist- 
ing of a service of silver; while the members of the Manu- 
facturers' Silk Association of Paterson presented him wiih 
an elegantly engrossed expression of thanks for his labors on 
behalf of the silk interest of the United States. Leading 
men from all parts of the State participated on the occasion, 
which was in the nature of a very enthusiastic ovation. In 
1S74 he was elected to the State Senate from Morris county, 
and has proved one of the ablest members of that body. 
While the Republicans were in a majority he served 
on several of the most important committees, and was 
Chairman of those on Education and Soldiers' Children's 
Home. During the recent session (1877) the Democrats 
controlled the .Senate, and ability and fitness on the Repub- 
lican side had no opportunity. But he put forth then, 
as previously, earnest efforts on behalf of retrenchment and 
reform in the expenditures of the State, such as have 
attracted universal attention throughout the State, and have 
m.arked him out as a man eminently fitted to lead his party 
in the State. His friends are therefore warmly advocating 
his nomination as Republican candidate for Governor at the 
ensuing election. It may very certainly be said that he 
would prove a popular candidate, for probably no man could 
be nominated who possesses in so great a degree the confi- 
dence and esteem of the people of the Stale. 



REEN, HON. ASHBEL, Lawyer, born November 
17th, 1825, in Princeton, New Jersey, is a de- 
scendant of a family intimately connected with 
the culture and advancement of that Slate. His 
grandfather, the Rev. Ashbel Green, for many 
years President of Princeton College, was <lis- 
tinguished for his learning and eloquence, and was at one 
time chaplain to Congress. His father, James S. Green, 
Esq., was a prominent lawyer of New Jersey, and educated 
his son for th.it profession. The lad was educated at 
Princeton, and gradu.ited from Princeton College with dis- 
tinction in 1S46. Affer studying law for three years he was 
admitted to the bar in 1S49. His father's position as a 



544 



EIOGRAPIIICAL EN'CYCLOP.'EDIA. 



director and counsel of tlie Camden & Amboy Railroad, 
and Delaware & Ivaritan Canal Company, of -nhich corpo- 
rations lie was one of the original pi'omoters, directed 
Ashbel Green's attention to the study of corporation law, 
in which specialty he has a great reputation. He early 
took an interest in politics, allying himself with the Demo- 
cratic party, speaking throughout the State and contributing 
to that parly's advancement by every means in his power. 
Ill 1S67 he was elected Judge of the County Court of Ber- 
gen, New Jersey. In 1876 he was chosen one of the Tilden 
Electors, and took an active part in the events connected 
with the contest. In 1877 he was defeated by John R. 
McPherson in the caucus nomination for United States 
Senator. In the argument before the Electoral Commission 
he w.-is associated, by the Democratic National Committee, 
with Lyman Trumbull, of Illinois, M.atthew H. Carpenter, 
of Wisconsin, and Jeremiah Black, of Pennsylvania, to 
manage the great case. Judge Green is known as a man 
of fine literary culture and taste, and of refined feeling; in 
his profession he is not only a learned lawyer, but an 
eloquent and effective orator. 



'OXE, HON. DANIEL, Associate-Justice of the 
Supreme Court of New Jersey, late of Trenton, 
was a son of Dr. Daniel Coxe, of London — well 
known in colonial days as the greatest proprietor 
of West Jersey — and was born in 1664, probably 
at Burlington. Having studied law, he was ad- 
mitted to the New Jersey bar, and rapidly acquired a lead- 
ing position. In 1 7 10 he was appointed by Governor Robert 
Hunter, who succeeded Lord Lovelace, a member of the 
Provincial Council, and in 1734 he was made an Associate- 
Justice of the Supreme Court of New Jersey. He died 
April 25lh, 1739. As a public-spirited citizen, as a barris- 
ter and judge of no ordinary ability, and as a zealous mem- 
ber of the Church of England, Mr. Justice Coxe did much 
in his day and generation towards laying the firm founda- 
tion of law and morality upon which the great State of New 
Jersey has since been builded. Had his labors ceased here, 
he would have deserved only the grateful remembrance of 
those who, living in New Jersey, are now reaping the bene- 
fit of his goo<l works. But it may be said that he has laid 
the whole American nation under obligations of gratitude 
to him ; for he it was who first formulated the scheme of 
confederation which, a full half century later, was, in but a 
slightly modified form, used to bind together the Thirteen 
United States. In 1722 he published in London a volume 
bearing the ponderous title : "A Description of the English 
Province of Carolana, by the Spaniards call'd Florida, and 
by the French Ln Loitisiam, with a large and curious 
Preface, demonstrating the Right of the English to that 
Country, and the unjust Manner of the French usurping it ; 



their prodigious Increase there, &c., and the inevitable 
Danger our other Colonies on the Continent will be ex- 
posed to, if not timely prevented; interspersed with many 
useful Hints in Regard to our Plantations in General." It 
is in the "curious Preface" that the scheme alluded to is 
presented. After dilating at some length upon the danger 
to be fe.ired from the encroachments of the French, he pre- 
sents the following: "The only expedient I can at present 
think of, or shall presume to mention (with the utmost 
deference to His Majesty and His Ministers), to help and 
obviate these absurdities and inconveniences, and apply a 
remedy to them, is, that .all the colonies appertaining to 
the crown of Great Britain on the northern continent of 
America be united, under a leg.il, regular and firm estab- 
lishment ; over which it is proposed a Lieutenant, or Su- 
preme Governor, may be constituted, and appointed to 
preside on the spot, to whom the governors of each colony 
shall be subordinate. It is further humbly proposed, that 
two deputies sh.all be annually elected by the council and 
assembly of each province, who are to be in the nature of a 
great council, or general convention of the estates of the 
colonies ; and by the order, consent or approbation of the 
Lieutenant, or Governor-General, shall meet together, con- 
sult and advise for the good of the whole ; settle and ap- 
point particular quotas or proportions of money, men, pro- 
visions, etc., that each respective government is to raise for 
their mutual defence and safety, as well as, if necessary, for 
offence and invasion of their enemies ; in all which cases 
the Governor- General or Lieutenant is to have a negative; 
but not to enact anything without their concurrence, or that 
of the majority of them. The quota or proportion, as above 
allotted and charged on each colony, may, nevertheless, be 
levied and raised by its own assembly, in such manner as 
they shall judge most easy and convenient, and the circum- 
stances of their affairs will permit. Other jurisdictions, 
powers and authorities, respecting the honor of His Majesty, 
the interest of the plantations and the liberty and property 
of the proprietors, traders, planters and inhabitants in them, 
may be vested in and cognizable by the aforesaid Governor- 
General or Lieutenant, and grand convention of estates, 
according to the laws of England, but are not thought fit to 
be touched on or inserted here, this proposal being general, 
and with all humility submitted to the consideration of our 
supervisors, who may improve, model, or reject it, as they 
in their wisdom may judge proper. A coalition, or union, 
of this nature, tempered with and grounded on prudence, 
moderation and justice, and a generous encouragement 
given to the labor, industry and good management of all 
sorts and conditions of persons inhabiting or, any ways, 
concerned or interested in the several colonies above men- 
tioned, will in all probability lay a sure and lasting foun- 
dation of dominion, strength and trade, sufficient not only 
to secure and promote the prosperity of the plantations, but 
to revive and greatly increase the late flourishing state and 
condition of Great Britain, and thereby render it once more 



EIOGR.\PHICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 



S4S 



Ihe envy and admiration of its neiglibors. Let us consider 
the fall of our ancestors, and grow wise by their misfor- 
tunes. If the ancient Britons had been united amongst 
themselves, the Romans, in all probability, had never be- 
come their masters ; for, as Casar ohser\ed of them, Dum 
Siit^uli fugnabant, Cahvrsi viiiieiantur — whilst they 
fought in separate bodies the whole island was sub<lued. 
So, if the English colonies in .America were consolidated 
as one body, and joined in one common interest, as they 
are under one Gracious Sovereign, and with united forces 
were ready and willing to act in concert and assist each 
other, they would be better enabled to provide for and de- 
fend themselves against any troublesome ambitious neigh- 
bor, or bold invader. For union and concord increase and 
establish strength and power, whilst division and discord 
have the contrary effects." In his " Colonial History " 
(vol. ii. p. 199), Grahame writes: "In this plan we behold 
the germ of that more celebrated, though less original, 
project, which was again ineffectually recommended by an 
American statesman in 1754; and which, not many years 
after, was actually embraced by his countrymen." Chief- 
Justice Field, in his " Provincial Courts of New Jersey," is 
even more plainly outspoken, and his words fitly sum up 
the case and direct the verdict. He writes: "It was in 
fact the very plan which was recommended by Dr. Franklin 
to the convention at .\lbany, in 1 754, for the purpose of 
forming a league with the Six Nations, and concerting 
measures for united operations against the encroachments 
of the French. ThU plan of Dr. Franklin's has been much 
talked of as ' the .\lbany Plan of Union' ; fibres largely in 
all our histories, and is thought to have been one of those 
grand and original conceptions for which he was so famous. 
And yet it was little more than a transcript of the design 
sketched by Daniel Ccxe, many years before, and which 
would seem to have originated with him. To him, there- 
fore, a citizen of New Jersey, belongs the credit of it, and 
the truth of history requires that from him it should no 
longer be withheld." 



|.\N VORST, HON. CORNELIUS, Officer in the 
Revolutionary .\jmy, late of Hudson county. New 
Jersey, was bom there, November 25th, 172S. 
" He was popularly known as ' Faddy; ' was one 
of the wealthiest men in the county, and full of 
fun and practical jokes ; was fond of fast horses, 
and drove the best team in the vicinity." He established 
l!ie race-course on Paulus Hoeck, in 1 753, and was the lion 
of that " Derby." But, while loving the genial side of life, 
he did not neglect its weightier duties. In 1764 he estab- 
lished the Jersey City ferry; and at the outbreak of the 
Revolution took decided groun.l on the side of his country. 
.\t a meeting of the inhabitants of Bergen county, held at 
Hackensack, June iyii, 1774, be was appointed one of a 
69 



" committee for corresponding with the comniillees of the 
other counties in this province, and particularly to meet 
with the other county committees at New Brui>swick, .... 
in order to elect delegates to attend a General Congress of 
Delegates of the .\merican Colonies." June 29th, 1776, 
the Provincial Congress appointed him Lieutenant-Colonel 
of a battalion of foot militia in the county of Bergen. It is 
doubtful, however, if he ever was in actual ser%'ice. Shortly 
after the capture of New York by the British, and the fcdl 
of Paulus Hoeck, his house at Harsimus was occupied by 
the officers of a detachment of cavalrj-, while he and his 
family were crowded into the kitchen. The fact that 
he continued to reside on his place while it lay in the 
hands of the enemy aroused suspicion that he had be- 
gun to harbor tory inclinations; and, No%eniber loth, 
1776, he was charged before the court with having joined 
the British ; after a thorough investigation he was, however, 
honorably acquitted. " During this occupancy of his house 
by the enemy, the officers, for their own amusement, were 
in the practice of discharging muskets up the chimney. 
One dav, his mother being sick, he requested them to de- 
sist. This they haughtiiy refused to do. Being a powerful 
man, he proceeded to vindicate his rights by administering 
a drubbing to the insolent soldiers." Incarceration in the 
old sugar-house was the consequence of attempting to ad- 
minister justice inter arma. Sir Henry Clinton, then in 
command at New York, was one of his old school compan- 
ions, and at once released him, with the admonition " not 10 
let such a thing occur again." But, being impetuous as 
well as muscular, he was soon entangled in a fresh diffi- 
culty by espousing the cause of an injured cobbler : an 
officer refused to pay for the repair of his boots, whereupon 
he satisfied the shoemaker by thrashing the trooper. For 
this he was again locked up in New York, and again dis- 
charged with a severe admonition. The presence of the 
enemy, always offensive to the sturdy patriot, finally became 
unendurable. They not only lived in his house, but seized 
his horses and confiscated his cattle. Determmed to sepa- 
rate from their company, " whic'n he loathed," he look his 
family to Pompton, and there resided with Philip Schuyler. 
On his return he went to Paulus Hoeck, and there lived in 
the ferry-house until the close of the war. Like his opulent 
neighbors, " he \vas a practical believer in the patriarchal 
institution, and always kept his spacious kitchen well 
slocked with slaves. Among the number was a character 
known as Half-Indian Jack, who died at Haisimus Ferry, 
February 2d, 1S31, at the age of I02 years, and was buried 
on what is now the rear of lot No. 153 \Va)-ne street. Jack 
ran away from Yan Yorst during the revolutionarj- war, 
and became a spy for the British. He was generally in the 
company of a white spy named Meyers. Both did their 
work for pay — Jack for whiskey, Meyers for gold. Meyers 
dejiosited his money in a box, which he kept buried. 
Whenever he was in a condition to add to the deposit, he 
and Jack would unearth the treasure, \\'hen uucovered^ 



546 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.IiDIA. 



Jack would be dismissed, and Meyers buried the money in 
a different place. The story, as told by Jack, was, that as 
often as he had helped Meyers dig up the box, he had 
never seen it buried, nor was it ever buried twice in the 
same place. At last the patriots entrapped and shot 
Meyers, but Jack was too wary, and escaped. After 
Meyers' death great efforts were made to discover his 
treasure. His widow, ever looking for the ' end of the 
rainbow where rests the pot of gold,' every spring, when 
the ground was soft, would go over what was recently the 
Fourth and Fifth Wards of Jersey City, prospecting with an 
iron rod, which she pushed into the ground, hoping to 
strike the box. She never succeeded, though she worked 
and hoped while she lived. It is possible that the old spy's 
box of British gold yet lies buried in that part of the city, 
awaiting its resurrection by the spade of some lucky finder." 
April 2ist, 1753, he manned Annetje Van Horn; and died 
September 30th, 181S. 



Q 



"V 



ROELIGH, REV. SOLOMON, Pastor of the Re- 
formed Dutch Church at Millstone, and Patriot 
of the Revolution, w.as born at Red Hook, near 
Albany, New York, May 29lh, 1750 (o. s.) In 
his fourteenth year his mind was deeply im- 
pressed with religious convictions, he being 
then under the pastoral care of Rev. John Schenema, the 
minister of Catskill and Coxsackie. While in his eighteenth 
year he was placed under the care of Rev. Dirck Rumeyn, 
the pastor of Marbletown, Warwarsing and Rochester, to 
begin the study of Latin and Greek. " He never received 
any assistance from his father, but assisted himself by 
teaching school." Subsequently he removed to Hacken- 
sack. New Jersey, and entered the celebrated academy of 
Dr. Peter Wilson. Here he made such progress that Prince- 
ton College conferred on him the degree of A. B. He then 
proceeded to the study of theology, under Rev. John H. 
Goetschius, minister at Hackensack. October 1st, 1774, he 
was licensed to preach the gospel; and, June Ilth, I775i 
ordained pastor of the four united churches of Long Island. 
" With his ardent nature he could not help taking sides in 
the gre.at struggle between the colonies and the mother 
country." The district in which he lived was noted for its 
disaffection to the cause of independence; yet in the midst 
of enemies he labored and prayed boldly for his country's 
freedom. Shortly after the battle of Long Island, in Au- 
gust, 1776, which occurred in the territory of his congrega- 
tions, he found it necessary to flee to save his life. He 
then fled to Jamaica and Newtown ; and, having been con- 
cealed one night in the house of Mr. Rnpalje, at Hurl-gate, 
was guided across the river to Harlem. He went first, 
however, to Hackensack, and while there preached a most 
patriotic sermon from 2 Chron. xi. 4, exhorting the inhabi- 
lanls not to fight against the cause of freedom, to which 



nany of the residents of that place were only too strongly 
nclined. Dr. Laidlie, the colleague of Dr. Living^ton, 
heard him on that occasion, and warmly commended his 
action and utterances. In his flight he lost his cattle, fur- 
niture, books and clothing. In company with Dr. Living- 
ston, both being on horseback, he started for Poughkeepsie, 
keeping on the west side of the Hudson; and during the 
ensuing three years supplied the pulpits of FishkiU and 
Poughkeepsie (1776-79). In the spring of 1780 he ap- 
peared in Millstone, one year after Mr. Foering's death, 
and the consistory at once appointed Ernestus Van Har- 
lingen to wait upon him, and try and secure his services till 
he could return to his churches on Long Island. They 
offered to give him, as salary, 268 bushels of wheat per 
year, each bushel to weigh sixty pounds; but he declined 
entering into a temporary arrangement, and said he would 
accept a call. This the consistory gladly extended, and he 
moved into the parsonage, June 5th, 17S0. Tlie consistory 
paid his expenses of moving, which, in the money of the 
day, amounted to $1,455, one dollar in gold being worth at 
the time forty dollars of the continental currency. But it 
was impossible for him to obtain a formal dismission from 
his churches on Long Island, as the enemy held both the 
island and the city. But the synod, meeting in October, 
1 780, at New Paltz, appointed a committee to settle a ques- 
tion of dispute between the Millstone congregation and the 
three neighboring congregations, in respect to the bounds 
of each; and, if they succeeded in eflfectually reconciling 
all differences, they were then empowered, in the name 
of the synod, to approve the call, and in this very un- 
usual case to dismiss him from his congregations on Long 
Island. But during the summer of 1780, and before the 
call was acted on from the Millstone congregation, 
Nechanic sought to unite with it, and thus secure a 
part of his services, Nechanic and Sourland being then 
under the care of Rev. John M. Van Harlingen. Articles 
of agreement were entered into, and his call, as finally ap- 
proved, stands in the name of the two churches, and is 
dated September 4th, 1780. He was to preach two Sun- 
days out of three at Millstone, and one at Nechanic, and 
was to alternate between the Dutch and English. October 
1st, 17S2, the synod met in the church of New Millstone; 
New York was their general place of meeting, both before 
and after the war, but during its progress all meetings were 
held at places remote from the scene of hostilities; and in 
17S2 " our defaced and desolated church, almost unfit to be 
occupied, welcomed the synod of the denomination within 
its blackened w.alls." Rev. Harmanus Meyer, the pastor 
at Paterson and Pompton Plains, presided over the body, 
which consisted, however, of only nine meniliers. It w.as 
at this meeting that Simeon Van Arsdale was examined and 
licensed. Afterward, while on Long Island, soliciting funds 
to be devoted to the repairing of the church at Millstone, 
" his old charges tried hard to keep him, as he had never 
been regularly dismissed ; but he said he was now united to 



BIOGRAPHICAL EXCYCLOP.EDIA. 



547 



anolher, nnd leruscd to remain.'' In 1786 he received a 
call to the two congregations of Hackensack and Schraal- 
enberg, which lie accepted; and in these two places he 
continued to labor until his death, October 8th, 1827. In 
1 79 1 he was elected Troressor of Theology, in place of Dr. 
Meyer, of Pompton, who had died. In his new field he 
found his churches divided into two parties, with two con- 
sistories, on account ol a difficulty which had begun fifty 
years before; and having tried to unite them, and failed, 
" he took sides with the party which was very strenuous in 
doctrine, and opposed to the commingling of Christians of 
different names, virtually exalting doctrine above practical 
religion, and refusing to unite in the great efforts of Chris- 
ti.an union and fraternization, under the power of which the 
Bible, and Tract and Missionary, and other union societies, 
were organized." Finally, he, with four others, seceded 
from the Dutch Church in 1S22, when he was seventy-two 
years of age, thirty-six years after his departure from Mill- 
stone. He was accordingly deposed from the professorship 
and the ministry by General Synod ; and although the True 
Reformed Dutch Church which he organized continued to 
increase for six years quite rapidly, it has since that time 
been steadily declining, " and but few congregations of any 
strength remain." 



Qlll L'RPHY, JOHN L., of Trenton, Proprietor of the 
-S II: II I S/ir/!f Gazette, was born on the 19th of June, 
1828, in the city of Trenton, State of New Jersey. 
At the age of eleven years he entered the weekly 
State Gazette newspaper and printing office, a.s 
errand-boy and news-carrier. In that capacity he 
carried the first tri-weekly and the first daily newspaper 
published in Trenton. At the age of sixteen years he was 
regularly apprenticed to James T. Sherman, to learn the 
printing business. He served his time out, and worked 
with the firm (then Sherman & Harron) as journeyman 
until 1856. In that year Enoch R. Borden started the 
Free Pi ess, in opposition to the Camden & Amboy Rail- 
road monopoly, and Mr. Murphy went with him as fore- 
man. At the expiration of six months the paper suspended, 
and Mr. Murphy bought the material and started a job 
office. He went into business with a cash capital of about 
J^500, saved up out of his wages as journeyman printer. 
At that time there was no regular job printing office in the 
city, and he was therefore the pioneer of the business in the 
capital of New Jersey. Three months after setting up in 
business for himself he took in Mr. Charles Bechtel, a 
young man of about his own age, as equal partner, and 
they removed to the building on the corner of Slate and 
Greene streets, the present site of the large newspaper and 
printing establishment of John L. Murphy. Being practical 
men, the young firm weie enabled to do work cheaper and 
better than the newspaper offices, and they gradually built 



up a large and thriving business. In 1869 the firm pur- 
chased the State Gazette, daily and weekly newspaper, 
regarded from time immemorial as the "State organ" of 
the Republican party of New Jersey. At the time they 
purchased it, the paper was greaily run down in circuKation 
and influence, and under their vigorous and enterprising 
management it at once started upon a new and unexampled 
career of usefulness and prosperity. Its daily circulation 
was about 700, and is now 2,2cxi; its weekly circulation 
was 2,000, and is now 7,127. In Julyj 1S75, Mr. Murphy 
bought out the interest of his partner, and has since con- 
ducted the entire business of newspaper publisher, job 
printer, book-binder and stationer himself. During his 
career Mr. Murphv has held several important positions of 
public trust. He was twice elected Collector in the city 
of Trenton, was United States Internal Revenue Assessor 
for the Second District of New Jersey, from 186S until the 
office was abolished by act of Congress and its duties 
merged in that of Collector; w.-is then Collector until Jan- 
uary, 1876, when he resigned in order to devote himself 
more exclusively to his extensive and increasing business. 
He is now the sole proprietor of (with one exception) the 
largest and most valuable newspaper and printing estab- 
lishment in New Jersey. He is entirely a self-made man, 
and his success in life is due to great natural shrewdness 
and far-seeing business sagacity, boundless energy, an 
enterprising spirit that is dismayed or turned aside by no 
obstacles, and an unwavering adherence to honorable and 
upright principles. 



RANE, REV. D.\NIEL, Clerg>-man, Educator, 
late of Chester, was born in Essex county. New 
Jersey, in the last quarter of the past century, and 
graduated from Princeton College. In 1S03, 
having spent some time in preparing himself 
for the ministry, he was licensed by the Morris 
County Presbytery, and in the course of the following year 
was ordained by the same presbytery, and settled as pastor 
of the Presbyterian church at Chester, New Jersey. He 
remained in this charge until 1808, when he became pastor 
of the church at Fishkill, New York, June 7th. and there 
for thirteen years labored with notable zenl and success. 
In July, 1821, he took charge of the First Congregational 
Church in Waterbury, Connecticut, still retaining his con- 
nection with the presbytery. In 1825 he returned to Fish- 
kill, and taught there in a select school for about two years, 
and then accepted a call to his old charge in Chester. He 
■was installed July l8lh, 1S27, and continued his labors in 
that field until September 14th, 1831, at which time he 
tendered his resignation, and his p.-istoral relations were 
amicably dissolved. The remainder of his life was spent 
in preaching and good works, as health and opportunity 
permitted. He died April ist, 1861. 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENXYCLOP.^DIA. 



, jr)/||SMAN, LEWIS M., M. D., of Philipsburg, son of 
Joseph Usnian, farmer, was born in Independence 
township, Warren county, New Jersey, November 
2d, 1837. Some years later his father removed 
to Virginia, engaging in real estate operalions in 
Prince William and adjacent counties, and in 
Virginia his preliminary education was received. Having 
read medicine under his inicle. Dr. L. C. Osman, he en- 
tered the National Medical College, and in i860 received 
from that institution his degree of M. D. In the same year 
he entered upon the practice of his profession in Pike 
county, Pennsylvania, where he remained until 1862. He 
was then appointed a member of the medical staff of the 
Methodist Church Hospital at Alexandria, Virginia, and 
some six months later, npon receiving a similar appointment 
in the Emory Hospital, removed to Washington. In Au- 
gust, 1865, he established himself permanently in Philips- 
burg, his excellent professional qualities enabling him to 
rapidly build up an extensive practice in that town. For 
several years past he has been Surgeon to the Middle S; 
Eastern Division of the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western 
Railroad Company, and is also Assistant Surgeon to the 
Central Railroad Company of New Jersey. Among the 
medical men of the section in which he practises he occu- 
pies a leading position, being one of the most active and 
influential members of the Warren County Medical Society, 
and holding at present the position of Vice-President in that 
organization. 



I UGH, HON. JOHN HOWARD, M. D., of Bur- 
lington, son of Elijah and Letlice (Barnard) 
Pugh — the former fifth in descent from Daniel 
and Catherine Pugh, immigrants to this country 
from Wales in the early part of the last century ; 
the latter descended from Godfrey Barnard, of 
French origin, who died and was buried at Wareford, Eng- 
land, in 1240, and one of whose descendants immigrated to 
Pennsylvania in 1685 — was born in Chester county, Penn- 
sylvania, June 231!, 1S27. Having received a thorough 
academic education, he was for some three years associ- 
ated with Professor Wickersham, now the able Saperm- 
lendent of Public Instraclion in Pennsylvania, as his as- 
sistant in the conduct of an academy at Marietta, his lei- 
sure time during this period being utilized for a continuation 
of his studies in classical and general literatiire. Relin- 
quishing his position in the Marietta Academy, he began 
the study of medicine, and after regidar attendance upon 
lectures in the medical department of the University of 
Pennsylvania, he was in 1852 graduated with honors, and 
received from that institution his degree of iL D. Imme- 
diately upon graduation, he established himself as a physi- 
cian at Bristol, Bucks county, Pennsylvania, but within a 
few months failing health compelled him to temporarily 



relinquish practice, and as a sanitary measure he betook 
himself to the mining regions of Lake Superior. A year 
in this bracing climate thoroughly restored his he.ilth, and 
returning to the seaboard States, he permanently estab- 
lished himself, in the spring of 1854, in Burlington, where 
he has since continued to reside. His skill as a physician, 
and his strong traits of personal character, enabled him to 
quickly win and constantly hold the confidence of the com- 
munity of which, as an entire stranger, he had become a 
part, and he rapidly rose to take rank with the most prom- 
inent and influential of his fellow-citizens. Aside from his 
professional ability, he has displayed in his management of 
the Mechanics' National Bank of Burlington, of which he 
has been President for the pxst eight years, remarkable 
judgment and administrative talent as a financier. During 
the late war he was a zealous supporter of the Federal gov- 
ernment, laboring with voice and pen to secure its triumph, 
and giving a practical proof of his loyalty by attending 
without compensation the sick and wounded soldiers in the 
United States General Hospital at Beverly. In September, 
:S76, he was nominated by the Republican State Conven- 
tion to represent the Second Congressional District of New 
Jersey. The nomination was on his part unsought and un- 
expected, but received the unqualified approval of the Re- 
publican party and Republican press of the district. In the 
election that took place in the ensuing November he was 
elected by a handsome majority, and is at present (1877) 
efficiently discharging the duties of his high office. 



- "^ ALDWIN, MILTON, M. D., of Newark, was bom 
in Newark, October 22d, 182 1. Having received 
an ample preparatory education, he began the 
study of medicine at the University of New York, 
and in 1843 received from that institution his de- 
*^ gree of M. D. In the .same year he established 
himself as a physician in his native town, and in a very 
short time — his pleasant social qualities uniting with his 
professional skill to render him popular — built up an exten- 
sive and lucrative practice. In 1S4S, although then one of 
the youngest physicians in the city, he was elected Coroner 
by a handsome majority, and in 1851-52 was elected by a 
similar full vole a member of the Board of Education. In 
1854 he was again elected Coroner, and was re-elected dur 
ing four successive years. During the last two years 
(1857-58) of his service as Coroner, he also held other im- 
portant municipal offices, being an Alderman of the city of 
Newark in 1857, and President of the Common Council in 
1858. Finding the duties of public hfe incompatible with 
the duties of his greatly increased practice, he has since 
1858 declined all save professional offices, and has given 
his lime wholly to his profession. In October, 1862, he 
entered the medical department of the United States volun- 



WOGRAPUICAL KNCYCLOP/KDIA. 



549 



tecr army as an Acling Assistant Surgeon ; was assigned to 
the Ward General Huspital at Ncivarl<, and until June, 
1865, rendered faithful and efficient service in that institu- 
tion. The discharge of this duty of course involved a con- 
siderable (temporary) loss of practice and very greatly in- 
creased labor; but on neither account did he permit his 
earnest loyalty to be discouraged, and until the end he re- 
mained true to his self-imposed trust. From the outset of 
his career his personal popularity has been a potent factor in 
his success. Naturally buoyant and cheerful in disposition, 
courteous in manner, warm-hearted and outspoken in his 
friendships, and true to his friends, his genial, kindly qual- 
ities have paved the way for a recognition of his professional 
skill, and have assured to him the merited esteem of all 
who have known him either casually or well. 



^ "■^ODGE, REV. CIIAKI.ES, D. D., LL. D., Clergy- 
man, Author, and Professor of Didactic, Exeget- 
ical and Polemic Theole^y in the Theological 
Seminary at Princeton, was bom in Philadelphia, 
December zSlh, 1 797, and graduated from the 
New Jersey College in 1815. In 1819 he be- 
came a graduate of the Princeton Theological .Seminary ; 
in 1820 was appointed Assistant; and in 1822 Professor of 
Oriental and Biblical Literature in that institution. In 
1840 he was made Professor of Didactic and Exegetical 
Theology, a f>osition for which he was admirably qualified 
by his innate bent and sterling attainments. Twelve years 
later polemic theology was added, and the chair thus con- 
stituted he still holds. In 1825 he founded the Biblical 
Repertory and Prince/on Review, enlarging its plan in 
1829, and conducting it until it was changed into the Pre:- 
bylerian Quarterly and Princeton Revievi in 1872. TTie 
most important of his contributions to this journal were re- 
printed in the " Princeton Theological Essays," two vol- 
umes, 1846-47, and in his " Essays and Reviews," issncd 
in 1857. In 1846 he was elected Mo<leralor of the General 
Assembly of the Presbj-terian Church, Old School, and in 
1S58 he was appointed a memlwr of the committee in- 
trusted with the revisifjn of the Book of Discipline. On the 
24th of April, 1872, the semi-centennial anniversary of his 
appointment to the professorial dignity, a nolaUe celebra- 
tion occurred at Princeton. Between four and five hun- 
dred classmen and former pupils assembled, and by appro- 
priate exercises and ceremonies conveyed to the eminent 
scholar and teacher their congratulations on the happy oc- 
casion, and marked their great love and esteem for the man 
and the professor. The proceedings were subsequently 
published in book form, and in that shape have had large 
circulation among the graduates of the institution. Among 
the prindixil works which have proceeded from Dr. Hodge'.- 
pen may be mentioned his " C u U Hue ii tiwy on the f^istle to 



the Romans," published in Philadelphia in 183$, issued in 
abridged form in 1836, rewritten and enlarged and repub- 
lished in 1866; "Constitutional History of the Presbyterian 
Church in the United Slates," two volumes, published m 
1840-41 ; "The Way of Life," 1842; "Commentaries on 
the Ephcsians," 1856; "Commentaries on the Eirst Epis- 
tle to the Corinthians," 1S57; "Commentaries on the Sec- 
ond Epistle to the Corinthians," i860; " Systematic The- 
"'°gy>" '^"■'^c volumes, 1871-72; "What is Darwinism?" 
1874. A ripe scholar, a profound theologian, and a most 
estimable gentleman, he enjoys, in a high degree, the respect 
and esteem of a very wide circle. 



ERRY, NEHEMIAII, Retired Manufacturer and 
Statesman, of Newark, New Jersey, was born at 
Bridgcfield, Connecticut, March 30(h, 1816. His 
father was a farmer. He was educated at the 
Wesleyan Seminary of Bridgcfield, and intended 
to .study medicine, but, his health failing, he was 
compelled to give up that intention. At the age of sixteen 
he became a clerk in the dry-goods store of George St. 
John, at Norwalk, Connecticut, with whom he remained in 
that capacity for two or three years, performing his duties 
with fidelity and marked cleverness. His employer was 
more than satisfied with his services; but, stirred by a just 
ambition to do greater things, he resolved to seek a sphere 
where greater things were to be done. Pursuant to this 
resolution, he went to the city of New York, where, shortly 
after his arrival, he engaged as a clerk in a clothing store 
on the comer of Greenwich and Corllandt streets. This, 
however, was not by any means the entertainment to which 
he had invited himself, and, while diligently performing the 
duties of his clerkship, he kept his eyes and ears open to 
catch the clew or cue to some larger Of)portunity. It pres- 
ently came in the shape of a tempting repr/rt alx>ut Newark, 
which finally induced him to visit that city, where, though 
only twenty years of age, and a total stranger, he soon made 
the acquaintance of influential citizens, and, what was more 
to the purpose, made an excellent impression on them, the 
result at last lx.-ing the establishment of the cloth and 
clothing manufacturing firm of N. Perry & Co., through 
which he built his fortune, and iaid the foundations of hi; 
fame. He continued at the head of this firm frjr sixteen 
years, during which it grew to be one of the most extensive 
establishments of the kind in the United .States, having 
branch houses in St. Lotus, Omaha, Chicago, Cincinnati, 
Louisville, Lexington, Nashville, and Petersburg, Virginia, 
and being distinguished alike for its enterprise. Its financial 
resources, and the perfect system upon which ILs vast busi- 
ness was conducted. Ife showed himself a prince among 
l>osines5 men, and, as the reward of his rare energy and 
sagacity, was able in 1866 to retire with an ample ffirlime. 
He ilid not, hcnrcver, retire from all business, but rather 



BIOGRAPHICAL EXCYCLOP.EDIA. 



550 

tvansferred his capital to new forms of investment, entailing 
less toil and vigilance in the management, and leaving him 
some portion at least of that leisure to which his means and 
his achievements entitled him. Confiding, as he does, and 
as he well may, in the future of Newark, he has, for one 
thing, invested largely in real estate there ; but he is, be- 
sides, connected more or less prominently with most of the 
leading business corporations, and a Director of the Mutual 
Benefit Life Insurance Company, one of the most important 
institutions of the kind in the whole country, of the Ameri- 
can Insurance Company, of which he is now Vice-President, 
and of the New Jersey Railroad and Transportation Corii- 
pany. While the weight of his immense establishment still 
rested on his shoulders, though, he found time, without 
compiomitting in the least his business interests, to enter 
upon a political career, and pursue it with a success and to 
a length which few unoccupied men are able to reach. 
He was elected in 1852 a member of the Common Council, 
of which he was the presiding officer for several terms. In 
1850 he was elected to the State Assembly from the Newark 
District, and in 1856 re-elected, being at his second term 
(he caucus nominee of his party for the position of Speaker 
of the House. In i860 he wasnominatedby the Bell-Everett 
or Constitutional'Union party for Congress against William 
Penington, and elected by a majority of four hundred and 
ninety-nine. He was re-elected in 1S62, by a majority of 
three hundred and eighty-four, over Joseph P. Bradley, 
then a leading lawyer of Newark, now a member of the 
Supreme Court of the United States. As a representative 
in Congress, he displayed ability and efficiency, serving 
with credit as a member of the Committee on Commerce, 
and of other important committees, and, though speaking but 
seldom, speaking always with discretion and effect. One 
of the most sensible and cogent speeches made in the House 
during the critical period of the war was his speech in 1862 
on the state o( the Union, closing with this inspiring and 
eloquent forecast of the issue : " Though everything may be 
dark and foreboding, still behind the cloud of rebellion the 
sky is clear and beautiful. Soon the breath of heaven will 
sweep across the threatening mass, and one by one the stars 
on that dear banner will reappear; then we can count the 
thirty-four, and thank God that they are all there." His 
remarks, in the following session, on the death of Senator 
Thomson, of New Jersey, were charged with subdued 
pathos and beauty. " Let us all strive," he said exquisitely 
in conclusion, " so to live that, when gradually sinking into 
the ocean of eternity, we may leave on the fluctuating waves 
of time a golden tint." At this time his political affiliations 
were Democratic, he having joined the Democracy on the 
dissolution of the Whig party, of which he had been a con- 
sistent and devoted adherent for the preceding twenty years. 
In 186S he was a candidate before the Democratic State 
Convention for the gubernatorial nomination, and, but for 
differences in the Newark delegation, would have received 
it, in place of Mr. Randolph. The Democrats in 1873 



nominated him for the Mayoralty of Newark, and, the per- 
sonal views he announced on the occasion being acceptable 
to both parties, he was triumphantly elected, his vote ex- 
ceeding the party strength. In the Presidential canvass of 
1876, however, he deemed it his duty to support Mr. Hayes 
as against Mr. Tilden. What effect this step will have on 
his political connections hereafter remains to be seen. He 
is evidently a man with whom party ties are less strong than 
personal convictions, and whose personal convictions, more- 
over, are formed with perfect independence. His services 
to the city of his adoption have been long-continued, con- 
stant and effective. Since the organization of the first city 
government in Newark in 1836, he has been prominently 
identified with nearly all the improvements that have tended 
to make it so prosperous and beautiful a city, raising it from 
a population of fifteen thousand at the date of its municipal 
organization, to one of over a hundied and forty thousand. 
He may without vanity claim to share with Themistocles in 
the boast, that although he " never learned how to tune a 
harp or play upon a lute," he knows " how to raise a small 
and inconsiderable city to glory and greatness." He has 
made two visits to Europe, during which he travelled over 
the whole continent, obsei-ving as well as enjoying keenly, 
and turning his travels to rich account as a source of knowl- 
edge not less than of healthful pleasure. In person he is 
well-proportioned, erect, and active, with a large head and 
face, high, broad, and full brow, small, clear eyes, a mouth 
expressive of resolution and decision, and mannei-s cour- 
teous and genial. lie looks the refined and ready man he is. 



AMBERT, HON. JOHN, one of the most distin- 
guished citizens of New Jersey during the latter 
part of the past and the early part of the present 
century, was born in 1746, in the township of 
Amwell, New Jersey. His father's name was 
Gershom, and his mother's Sarah Merriam. His 
grandfather was John Lambert, who married Abigail Bum- 
stead in 1713. The subject of this sketch cultivated a large 
tract of land in his native town, where he lived a long and 
useful life. For many years he was a member of the New 
Jersey Council, the higher branch of the State Legislature, 
in which body he ably served the interests of his section 
and constituents. From 1795 to 1800 he was Vice-Presi- 
dent of that body, and during the years 1802 and 1803 he 
performed with vigorous efficiency the duties of Acting 
Governor of the State. He was a representative in Con- 
gress from New Jersey from 1805 to 1809, and from 1809 
to 1815 was an influential member of the United States 
Senate. He was married in 1765 to Susannah Barber, by 
whom he had seven children. His second wife was Han- 
nah Dennis [life Little), by whom he had six children, the 
oldest of whom was Jerusha (married Abraham Holmes), 
and the next in age, Merriam, who married James Seabrook, 



EIOGRArillCAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 



55' 



Meniam and James were the parents of Mary Hannah 
Seahrook, the wife of Ashbel Welch, Esq., of Lambertville. 
John Lambert was a devoted lover of literature, and was 
especially familiar with the English classics. He owned 
the best library in Hunterdon county, which at that lime 
included within its limits the city of Trenton. He was a 
man of great decision of character, and thoroughly honest 
and outspoken, even in those days of extreme party bitter- 
ness. He died on the 4th of February, 1823, aged seventy- 
seven. 



NAPP, HON. MANNING M., Lawyer, and Jus- 
tice of the Supreme Court of New Jersey, was 
born about 1S23 in Bergen county, New Jersey. 
After receiving a liberal education he prepared 
for the New Jersey bar, to which he was admitted 
during the July teim, 1846, and was made coun- 
sellor in 1850. He acquired an extensive practice in the 
courts of New Jersey, and in 1S75 he was appointed by 
Governor Bedle one of the Justices of the Supreme Court 
fur a term of seven years. In this conspicuous and trying 
position he h.as fully sustained his previous reputation as a 
man of fine legal attainments. 



cip%|ICHARDS, REV. JAMES, D.D., formerly Pastor 
~ of the First Presbyterian Church of Newark, New 

Jersey, was born at New Canaan, Connecticut, 
October 29th, 1767. He was the son of James 
Richards, a farmer of excellent character, and a 
descendant of Samuel Richards, who came to this 
countiy from Wales during the reign of Queen Anne ; his 
mother's m.aiden name was Ruth Hanford. When but 
thirteen years of age, he undertook the charge of a common 
district school, and managed its affairs with such success as 
to secure the offer of the same post for a second term. It 
was his early wish "to obtain a public education;" but as 
his father was not in a condition to encourage and sustain 
the project, he apprenticed himself, at the age of fifteen, to 
the business of cabinet and chair-making, together with 
house-painting, and labored for a short time in a cabinet- 
maker's shop in the cily of New York. He united with the 
church in Stamford, Connecticut, September 17th, 1786, 
and immediately began to look forward with strong desires 
to the work of the Christian ministry. With many dis- 
couragements and interruptions, he completed his prepara- 
tory studies through the assistance of two excellent female 
relatives, and entered Yale College in 1789. Hut at the 
close of his freshman year his studies were interrupted, first 
by want of pecuniary means, which compelled him to leave 
college, and afterward by severe illness; so that, although 
his diligence and perseverance overcame the obstacles in 
the way of a private education, he did not go through col- 



I 



lege with his class, but received his degree of Bachelor of 
Arts out of course, in 1794. In 1793 he was licensed to 
preach the gospel by aa association in Fairfield county, 
Connecticut, and h.aving labored for a lime in Wilton, 
Ballaston, Shelter Island, and Sag Harbor, he commenced 
the work of the ministry in Morristown, in June, 1794, and 
was ordained as pastor of the church in that place, by the 
Presbytery of New York, May 1st, 1795. Dr. Macwhorter 
preached the ordination sermon. Dr. Rodgers presided, and 
Rev. Mr. Austin gave the charge to the people. His 
ministry there was signally successful ; and in three memor- 
able instances his labors were attended with peculiar mani- 
festations of divine influence, in 1791, in 1803-4, and in 
1808. Urgent applications were then made to him, after 
tlie removal of Dr. Griffin, to take charge of the church in 
Newark, New Jersey; and when a call was unanimous'y 
offered him, the path of wisdom and duty seemed plain, 
and, with the consent and approbation of the presbyterv, he 
accepted it, and his connection with the church in Morris- 
town was dissolved. He was installed at Newark, June 
7lh, 1809. Dr. Romeyn, of New \''oik, preached the ser- 
mon. Dr. Rowe presided and gave the charge, and Dr. 
-Miller, of Princeton, delivered the exhortation to the people. 
November 14th, 1S09, the Presbytery of New York, with 
which this church had been connected ever since its forma- 
tion in 1738, was divided into two by erecting a portion of 
its churches into a new presbytery bearing the old name, 
and ch.anging the name of the remaining portion, of which 
this church was one, into the " Presbytery of Jersey." Its 
first meeting under the new arrangement was held in Morris- 
town, April 24th, 1810. The First Church had been, 
hitherto, during nearly a century and a half, the only Pres- 
byterian church in Newark, except those of Orange and 
Bloomfield, which had now become separate towns. But 
the time had come when the need of greater facilities for 
the accommodation of a large and growing population was 
manifest to all. In the spring of 1809, accordingly, the 
business of church extension was entered upon with com- 
mendable zeal and enterprise. The whole transaction, 
which resulted in the establishment of the .Second Presby- 
terian Church of Newark, took place with his entire appro- 
bation, and was forwarded also by his active assistance. ."Vt 
the service of organization he delivered an address on the 
words, " Let brotherly love continue." For a time the two 
pastors exercised a sort of joint ministry in the two congre- 
gations, officiating in each other's pulpit in the afternoon of 
every Sabbath. During his ministry, the first Sabbath- 
school in the congregation was established, under the 
superintendency of Moses Lyon, and held its meetings, for 
a brief period, in the gallery of the church. The first 
lecture-room, a low brick building, was erected in 1813. 
His ministry, especially its early part, was notably fruitful 
in consersions. Between the years i8l2 and 1813 there 
was a very desirable revival of God's work; and in 1816-17 
occurred a remarkable season, whose fruits were, in nine 



552 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.tDIA. 



months, one hundred and thirty-five, of whom sixty-nine 
were added to the church at one time. When he first took 
charge of the congregation, the number of communicants 
was about five hundred and thirty ; and, in the course of 
fourteen years, five hundred and fifty-six were added thereto, 
three hundred and thirty-two by profession, and two hundred 
and twenty-seven by certificate ; making in all one thousand 
and eighty-six to whom, in the course of that period, he 
statedly administered the sacred ordinances. Under him, 
the church contained the largest number of communicants 
that ever belonged to it at one time, viz., about seven hun- 
dred, ajid that notwithstanding the dismission of the large 
colony that united in the formation of the Second Church. 
But Providence had now other work for him to perform, in 
another and stilt more responsible station. By his constant 
devotion to study, he had made large attainments in theo- 
logical knowledge ; and by his careful and discreet manage- 
ment of affairs mtrusted to him, public and private, had 
acquired a reputation which marked him as one of the first 
men in the church, in respect to qualifications for the head 
of a theological institution. In the autumn of 1823, 
accordingly, having been a second time solicited to take 
the Professorship of Theology in Auburn Theological Semi- 
nary, he accepted the appointment, and, having resigned 
his charge in Newark, was inaugurated to that office, 
October 29th, 1823. lie took charge of that institution 
when it was suffering under great embarrassments, and left 
it m a strong and prosperous condition. He died August 
2d, 1843, in the seventy sixth year of his age. He pub- 
lished several lectures and sermons. His successor at 
Newark was Rev. Wiliiam T. Hamilton. 



;rSH, BENJAMIN, of Trenton, was bom Novem- 
ber 15th, 1785, in what was then Trenton town- 
£ ship, in Hunterdon county, but in the course of 
(^^ the mutations of almost a century has become 
S~^) Ewing township, in the county of Mercer. His 
father, whose Christian name he bears, was a 
farmer, on whose farm he spent the early years of his life, 
acquiring the ordinary education furnished by the common 
schools of that remote day. In the spring of 1S08 he took 
up his residence in Trenton, where, with the stability char- 
acteristic of a strong mind in a strong body, he has resided 
ever since, a period in itself equalling the span of human 
life as defined by the Psalmist. During the war of 1812 he 
took in hand the business of forwarding merchandise and 
munitions of war across the State from Trenton to New 
Brunswick, continuing it, with the necessary changes, after 
the close of the war, at the same time instituting a new 
forwarding line, by vessels and steamboats, from Trenton 
to Philadelphia. He merits the distinction of being re- 
garded as one of the pioneers of transportation in this 
country. Nor was he a pioneer merely, for he not onlj; 



prepared the way for the railroad and the canal, but took 
the lead in preparing those modem courses of intercom- 
munication themselves. He was one of the projectors and 
incorporators of the Camden & Amboy Railroad, and of' 
the Delaware and Raritan Canal, as also a member of the 
first Board of Directors, and, for that matter, of every sub- 
sequent board, he having ser\'ed as a Director until the 
property was leased to the Pennsylvania Railroad, and 
formed, as he still forms, one of the new board under the 
new organization. The work on the Camden & Amboy 
Railroad, it may be stated, was begun in 1830, and com- 
pleted in about two years and a half, while the Delaware 
and Raritan Canal was not completed till some time later. 
He has been a Director of the Trenton Banking Company 
for over forty years. He is President of the Freehold & 
Jamesburg Railroad, and a Director of the other roads 
belonging to the United Company of New Jersey. Previous 
to the building of railroads in this country, he, like Commo- 
dore Vanderbilt, was largely interested in steamboats and 
stages, though afterwards, like the commodore again, he 
transferred his energies and his capital to the new means 
of locomotion. In 1833 and 1S34, he was a member of the 
New Jersey Legislature, showing in that position the 
sagacity and public spirit which have marked his entire 
career, to the vast and manifold advantage of the common- 
wealth. His life, indeed, h.is been one of unswerving 
devotion to the best interests of New Jersey, as well as 
of unintermitting activity. Although now in his ninety- 
third year, he is still a hale man, in the full possession of 
his faculties, and retaining a vivid recollection, at once 
comprehensive and minute, of the history of those great 
public improvements with which he has been so closely and 
thoroughly identified. It is an occasion of just regret that 
this sketch cannot be enriched with some account of his 
personal habits, in respect to diet, exercise, rest, etc., 
whereby, in a measure .at least, it may be presumed, his 
life has been thus remarkably prolonged. Autopsy is 
properly regarded as a source of much information important 
to the preservation of human life, but on this topic such a 
man living could afford more information of value than 
scores of dead men ; his autobiography would be worth 
a hundred autopsies. He was married in i8l2, and 
has two children living, one a son, A. I. Fisli, Esq., of 
Philadelphia, the other a daughter, married to John C. 
Chambers, Esq., of Trenton. 

AYLEY, JAMES ROOSEVELT, Archbishop of 
the Province of Baltimore, was born in New 
York, in 1814, and brought up in the faith of 
the Protestant Episcopal Church. He received 
his college education at Trinity (then Washington) 
College. He was graduated in 1836, and having 
determined to become a clergyman, he became a student 






^ 



BIOGRAPHICAL EXCVCLOP.€DIA. 



S53 



of theology wilh Dr. S. F. Jar\is, at MidJletown, Con- 
necticut. After hi5 ordination he was assigned to a parish 
at Harlem, where he remained until called lo a pastoral 
charge in western New Vuik. Fiom there he moved to 
Ilagerstown, Maryland, where he was some time rector of 
a church. In the meantime his religious views having 
undergone a gradual change, he finally decided to adopt the 
Roman Catholic faith. With this view he resigned his 
position in the Protestant Episcopal Church, and entered 
St. Sulpice College, Paris, where he pursued the necessary 
preliminary course of study. From Paris he returned to 
this country and completed his studies at the Ecclesiastical 
Seminary at St. John's, Fordham, New York. On the 2d' 
of March, 1S42, he was ordaineil priest by Bishop Hughes, 
in St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York. For a time .-he 
cfnciated as parish priest on Slaten Island, from whence he 
was called to act as Secretary to Archbishop Hughes. .1 His 
rise in church was rapid. He was appointed Prof^sgriif 
Belles Leltres at St. John's College, Fordham, New York, 
and subsequently became Vice-President and acting Presi-' 
dent of that institution. AVben the college was transferred 
lo the Jesuit Fathers, the Rev. Mr. Bay ley was made Chan- 
cellor of the Archdiocese. He held this posjlioq-iinlil 
1853, when, at the recommendation of Archbislyip J{|igfaes 
and his suffragans, the Pope appointed him Bjsbop^ the 
new see of Newark. He was the first bishop.pf tliejjiojcese 
which was erected from the old diocese.gf ^"ew.Ygtk. and 
included all the Stale of New Jersey. » .He.wasj5pn.sjcraled 
in St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York, on the 3tKhJDctober,: 
1853, by the Most Reverend Cajetan Bedini,,afierw^d 
Cardinal, who was on an apostolic vi^it to this -country. 
The ceremonies of consecration were of the most imposing 
character, all the bishops of the archdioce.-e, including the 
Rt. Rev. Bishop Rappe, of Cleveland, Ohio, and the Rt. 
Rev. Bishop McCloskey, assisting. His presenters were 
the Rt. Rev. Bishops Fitzpalrick, O'Reiilj- and Timon. 
The sermon was preached by Archbishop Hughes. TTie 
new bishop at once entered upon his duties and labors in 
New Jersey, and during the nineteen years of his adminis- 
tration he devoted his personal attention to the elevation 
and advancement of its affairs. He may be truly said to 
have created one of the most prosperous and flourishing 
dioceses of the Roman Catholic Church in the United 
States. Daring his administration he founded Seton Hall 
College, at Orange; the Academies of the Sisters of Charity 
at Madison, and the Houses of the Brothers of the Christian 
Schools at Newark and at Jersey City. He built many 
large and beautiful churches throughout the State, and 
introduced into hLs diocese a priory of Benedictine monks 
in Newark, and a convent of Benedictine nuns at Elizabeth, 
the Convent of the Passionists of St. Michael's, at West 
Hoboken, and the J^aits' establishment at St. Peter's, 
Jersey City. On the 30th of July, 1872, Bishop Bayley was 
elevated to the .\rchdiocese of Baltimore (to succeed Arch- 
bishop Spaulding, deceasedj by a papal bull signed on that < 



day. The decree reached Archbishop Bayley on the 25th 
of August, and two months later he had severed his official 
relations with the see of Newark, where he had labored so 
long and » ell, and Ijegan the work in the new field to which 
he was called, and where he still remains. The Archbishop 
" has written much, but published lillle." Among his 
printed works are a " Sketch of the Early History of the 
Catholic Church on the Island of New Yurk," written 
while he was Secretar)' of the Diocese of New York, a 
" Biography of Bishop Brute," of Vincennes, Indiana, and 
'' Pastorals for the People," dealing mainly with the subject 
of temperance, for which he has always been an earnest 
advocate and worker. He is also known to the general 
public as a popular lecturer, in which capacity he has 
addressed audiences in several of our eastern cities and 
towns. -• , 



17 



•K 



^UTKIXS,: ALFRED A., M. D., of Jersey City, 
was 'bdrn' in New York city, in October, 1826. 
j - His.'fatheE, Stephen H. Lutkins, was a native of 
-■'7*^- New Jers«j-, and for many years held the position 
j--^ - of magistrate in New York ; his mother was Eliza 
1 . La Rue.* 'The family moved to Jersey City when 
-\lfred was two y^ais-iold, and it was here that the lad 
obtained his-early education. D^tined for the profession 
of medicine, he matriculated at the University of New York 
in r846, and after taking. two courses of lectures he was 
licensed .by^the New jersey State &Iedical Association, 
having, as a- p'reliioinar)-, passed the required examination 
liefore its Board of Censors in May, 1S48. On receiving 
his diploma, he commenced practice in Jersey City, where 
he has since been constantly engaged in the active duties of 
his profession, and has built up a most exlea'^ive and suc- 



cessful practice. An earnest student, and thoroughly in 
love with his profession, he has kept himself well abreast 
with medical process, and is highly esteemed by his 
brethren as a well-read and eminently efficient physician, 
so much so that his services are frequently called in con- 
sultations. He has been a member of the District Medical 
Society ijf Hudson county for many years, and was Presi- 
dent of that body in 1S73. Since the organization of the 
Jersey City Cl^nty Hospital, he has bepn a. member of its 
medical staff, and he is also connected with the Hudson 
County Hospital. For five years he was City Physician of 
Jersey City, and during his term of office the duties and 
responsibilities were exceptionally heavy, owing to the 
prevalence of the well-remembered cholera epidemic. 
While a public-spirited citizen, discharging faithfully his 
duties to the community, he has not suffered his attention 
to be drawn beyond his profession, devoting himself to its 
ser^•ice, and being content to find his rewards therein. 
He married Julia Demotte, of Hudson county, New 
Jersey. 



BIOGRAPHICAL EXCYCLOr.EDIA. 



?CIIULTZE, GENERAL JOHN, State Senator, 
Manchester, Ocean county, a grandson of Henry 
Frederick William Schultze, some time a member 
of the Prussian diplomatic service, one of the 
commissioners appointed to determine the boun- 
dary between Prussia and Russia, and, during the 
latter part of his life. President of the University of Halle, 
and son of H. F. W. Schultze, who immigrated to America 
in 1S15, settled in Centre county, Pennsylvania, and there 
married Sarah Watson, a descendant of the Williamson 
family, members of which were among the early settlers of 
the Cumberland valley, and were also distinguished in the 
war of the Revolution, was born in Centre county, Septem- 
ber 1st, 1S36. Having received a liberal education, begun 
in the public schools of his native county, continued at the 
Lock Haven Academy, and ended at Dickinson Seminary, 
WiUiamsport, he engaged in the manufacture of iron, and 
was in a short time made Superintendent of the Millhall Iron 
Works and Washington Iron Works in Clinton county. From 
1S55 to 185S he was Superintendent of the Roaring Creek 
Iron Works, the output of the works being anthracite pig- 
iron, and in the latter year was appointed General Super- 
intendent of the works of the Farrondale Iron and Coal 
Company, a corporation engaged in the manufacture of 
boiler iron and of fire-brick, and also extensively engaged 
in mining and shipping bituminous coal. While conduct- 
m" this general business for the company, he also conducted 
a considerable trade in lumber on his own account. Thus 
employed, he remained until 1861. In August of that year, 
when the second call for troops was issued, and it had 
become evident that not a mere mutiny had occurred in a 
single Southern Stale, but that the whole South had risen in 
rebellion, he relinquished his profitable and well-established 
business and entered the United States volunteer army. 
Of the company recruited among his own and the Farron- 
dale emplos^s he was commissioned First Lieutenant, and 
the command was assigned to the Fourteenth (subsequently 
the Ninety-third) Pennsylvania Regiment. In all the hard 
fii'hting during the Peninsula campaign he took an active 
part, and while serving for a considerable period on the 
staff of General Couch (in charge of the transportation of 
material) he always managed to be with his regiment when 
it was ordered into action. During the campaign he was 
three times wounded — at Williamsburg, at Fair Oaks, and 
at Malvern Hill. After the army was withdrawn from the 
Peninsula, he took part in the battles of Chantilly and 
second Bull Run, and served through the Maryland cam- 
paign that terminated in the battle of Antietam. Imme- 
diately after Williamsburg he was raised two grades at a 
step, being promoted from Lieutenant to be Major, and 
shortly after Antietam he was promoted to be Lieutenant- 
Colonel. On receiving this latter promotion he was again 
attached to the st.aff of General Couch, as Chief Quarler- 
niasler of the Second Army Corps ; but, as before, his con 



in all its engagements. At Chnncellorsville and Frederick"" 
burg his gallantry w.-is especially conspicuous, and in the 
latter battle he was severely wounded. Soon after the 
Chancellorsville fight. General Couch was assigned to the 
Department of the Susquehanna, and at the same time 
Colonel Schultze w.as made Adjutant-General of the De- 
partment of Pennsylvania, a position that he retained until 
after the battle of Gettysburg. During the remainder of the 
war he served in this department, being promoted to be 
Brigadier-General'in 1864, and in 1865 receiving the brevet 
of Major-General. The war being ended, he resigned his 
commission, and the resignation was accepted in May, 1S66. 
Upon returning to civil life he became, and has since con- 
tinued to be, the business agent of Mr. James Brown, of 
New York, in the charge of varied properties of that gentle- 
man in New Jersey, including tracts of land in Ocean 
county aggregating twenty-five thousand acres; several 
slate quarries ; a large iron mill ; extensive mining opera- 
tions; and important interests in a number of feeder and 
main lines of railway. The management of this great and 
heterogeneous trust necessarily implies the possession on the 
part of the trustee of business tact and ability of the highest 
order. Since assuming its duties he has resided in Man- 
chester. On his own account he conducts a manuf.rctory 
of gunny cloth, and is also prominently connected with 
various leading corporations. As his war record implies, 
he is an earnest member of the Republican parly, and since 
he has been a resident of New Jersey he has taken an active 
part in State politics. In 1S72 he was elected a member of 
the Assembly, and in 1S73 refused a renomination, as he 
was desirous of visiting Europe. Having retuined to 
America, he was elected, in 1874, a member of the State 
Senate, and still (1S77) retains his seat in that body. A 
request to be congressional candidate for his district, with 
the certainty of election, he was compelled to refuse, the 
requirements of his very extensive business preventing him 
from accepting the offer. In the State Legislature he has 
served on several of the leading committees, and both in 
committee and in debate has displayed a broad knowledge of 
the principles of good government, and a remarkable faculty 
of reducing his principles to practice — qualities which, in a 
modified form, have been no less conspicuous in his brilliant 
military and business career. 



Jersey, 



'AYLOR, HON. JOHN W., Lawyer, of Newark, 
was born at Buckland, Massachusetts, about 1830, 
and was educated in that State. Like so many 
young men, in New England especially, he spent 
the years of his earlier manhood in teaching, fiist 
in his native Slate, and then at Morristown, New 
He studied law with ex-Vice-Chancelior Dodd, 



admitted to the bar in 1857, and began practice in 



nection with his regiment was not severed, and he took part I Newark. Always taking an active part in public affairs, 



BIOGRAPHICAL EXCVCLOP.EDIA. 



555 



he vras elecled a meml^r of the Board of Education of the 
City of Newark from the Second ward in October, 1869, 
and was re-electetl in 1 87 1, ser%ing as Chairman of the 
Committee on High Schools. In 1S69 the Republican party 
pat him forward, without any seeking on his part, as their 
candidate for Senator for the county, and he was elected. 
So well pleased was the party with its choice, so amply did 
his career in the Senate justify their confidence, that a re- 
election in 1S72, by a greatly increased majority, followed 
naturally. In the session of 1S73 he was unanimously 
elected President of the Senate, and a similar honor was 
conferred upon him in the succeeding session. He proved 
himself a most efficient presiding ofiiicer, displaying intimate 
knowledge of parliamentary practice, holding the scales 
evenly between both parties, and at all times upholding the ' 
dignity of the position and of the Senate. He has always 
pursued his profession in Newark, and is justly regarded as 
one of the first lawyers in the State. For several years he 
has been Counsel to the Chosen Board of Freeholders of 
Newark. 



i 



^^j 



'OLF.\X, GEN"ERAL W7LLIAM, Captain of 
Washington's Life-Guard, late of Pompton, New 
Jersey, was bom in Connecticut, July 3d, 1756, 
and " was of the stannchest New England 
stock. An ancestor of the same name was one 
of the early settlers of Weathersfield, Connecti- 
cut, and the births of four of his children are recorded as 
occurring in that ancient village about 1653-59. He was 
probably the grandfather of John Colfax, of New London, 
Connecticut, who married Ann Latimer, September 3d, 
1727, the yonng couple being admitted to the church in 
New London on profession of their faith, and their son, 
George (bom December 25th, 1727) baptized March 17th, 
172S. The records also note the births of these other 
children of John Colfax: .\nn, 1728; Jonathan, 1736; 
John, 1739; Willi.im, 174S. — George married Lucy, daugh- 
ter of Ebenezer .\very, and their children were: Sarah, 
1750; George, 1752; Ebenezer, 1753; Lucy, 1755; Wil- 
liam, 1756; Jonathan, 175S; .\nn, 1760; Robert, 1761; 
Tohn, 1763; Mary, 1766. Captain George Colfax, the 
father of this numerous progeny, died in 1766, leaving an 
estate of ^^807. Lucy, his widow, survived him nearly forty 
years, dying in September, 1S04, aged seventy-five." Of his 
early life little is certainly known, and nothing of notewor- 
thy importance can be gleaned concerning his career as a 
vouth. " Doubtless it was the same as that of every other 
young farmer in New England — full of the mgged toil and 
self-dependence that taught the Yankees their power, and 
made them the readier to exercise it when the time came for 
them to assert their right to their independence, their ability 
to maintain which had long been evident. He often used 
to tell his family that he participated in the battle of Bunker 



Hill, June I7lh, 1775. It is probalile that he never left the 
army from that d.ay till the liberties of his country were se- 
cured." He appears to have enlisted in a Connecticut 
regiment, and in the records of the comptroller's office of 
that State is credited with service in the Continental army to 
January ist, 17S0, /■1S4 3^. 11^. On January 1st, l7Sl,he 
received for balance of service ;^lo6 Ij. 4^. \\"hile the 
.\merican army was encamped at Valley Forge, Washington 
issued an order, dated March 17th, 177S, directing that "one 
hundred chosen men are to be annexed tto the guard of the 
commander-in-chief, for the purpose of forming a corps, to 
be instructed in the manoeuvres necessary to be introduced 
into the army, and to sene as a model for the execution of 
them." These men, taken from the various States, were 
required to be from five feet eight inches to five feet 
ten inches in height, from twenty to thirty years of age, and 
of robust constitutions and good character. They were to 
be .\merican-bora, and the motto of the guard was, " Con- 
quer or Die.' Into this honorable corps he was drafted, 
and his fine appearance and gallantry in the field soon 
made him a favorite with the general, and it was not long 
ere he became a Lieutenant, subsequently succeeding Caleb 
Gibbs, of Rhode Island, as Captain Commandant, though it 
appears that he was never commissioned a Captain. He 
was thrice wounded in battles, once dangerously ; one of 
these wounds was received at the battle of \\'hite Plains, 
New York, in October, 1 776. Upon one occasion, while in 
the act of gi^Tng the word of command to his men, a bullet 
struck his nplifiedsword, shattering the blade, and, alancing, 
skiimed one of his fingers. In another engagement, a 
bullet struck his forearm, severing the integuments, and 
passing between the bones without touching them. Again, 
while riding on horseback in an exposed position, a bullet 
was sent through his body, just above the hip, and below 
the bowels, entering in front and coming out behind. In 
the excitement of the battle he did not notice the wound, 
but galloped from point to point over the field delivering 
orders, until one of his men saw the dripping stream, and 
cried out, " Captain, the blood is miming out of your boot." 
Glancing down, he perceived his condition for the first time, 
saw that the wound was serious, and rode over toward the 
field-hospital. Dr. Ledyard looked at the wound, and bade 
him go at once into the hospital and stay there. Later, 
Washington, "seeing the state of his irasted captain, said 
to him : ' You are in a deplorable condition ; I will give 
you a furlough that you may go home till you recover.' 
He persisted in staying with the army, however, till they 
went into winter quarters at MorristoH-n in the winter 
of 1779-80." During that season he went home to Con- 
necticut, in the saddle the entire distance ; while in March 
the snow had fallen so heavily that in many instances he 
rode over the covered fence-tops. Eventually, he retumed 
greatly improved in health, and remained with his comrades- 
in-arms until the close of the war. At the surrender of 
Lord Comwallis, at Vorfctown, in October, 1 781, he was, at 



556 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 



his own particular request, permitted to occupy a prominent 
position on horsebacli, near his beloved chief, and in after 
years was never weary of describing that memorable scene, 
with all Its attendant incidents. He was a personal friend 
of Lady Washington, as well as of the general, and the 
family still presen'es a sort of net for his cue, knitted 
of linen thread by her, and given to him as a present. His 
descendants have also one of a brace of pistols given to him 
by Washington. " He was a man of fine presence; about 
five feet ten inches in height, large frame, well-proportioned, 
and weighing about one hundred and ninety ortwo hundred 
pounds. He had dark hair, a clean-shaven face, with 
massive square-set under-jaw, a clear, florid complexion, and 
beautiful blue eyes. His hair was powdered and worn in a 
cue, tied with a black ribbon, till his later years. A pretty 
miniature of himself, painted about the end of the revolu- 
tionary war for his sweetheart, shows that his coat \Vas dark 
blue, with collar and facing of scarlet; his waistcoat was 
doubtless buff, although the color is now faded ; a ruffled 
shirt-bosom overflows the upper part of the waistcoat, and 
. there appears to be a black cravat about his neck, with a 
■white collar turned partly over it. This neatness of dress 
characterized his appearance all his life." While the army 
■was at Pompton Plains, northern New Jersey, the citizens 
showed the officers various courtesies. About a quarter of a 
mile above the Pompton Steel Works, the road to Wanaque 
and Ringwood leaves the old Hamburgh turnpike, and at 
the southeast corner of these roads stands an ancient yellow 
frame-house, two stories high in front, with roof sloping 
almost to the ground in the rear; a covered verand.ah in 
front, and quaint half-doors, show that it is a mansion of 
the olden time. This was the residence, during the Revo- 
lution, of Casparus (Jasper) Schuyler, grandson of Arent 
Schuyler. The young officers found here a great attraction 
in the charming daughter, Hester Schuyler — who, in accord- 
ance with a custom of Dutch families, was named after her 
grandmother, Hester, daiighter of Isaac Kingsland. "And 
the valiant young Colfax, brave as he was in battle, surren- 
dered at discretion before the flash of her bright eyes." 
Soon after the close of the war, he took up his residence at 
Pompton, and August 27th, 1 783, Was married to the belle 
of the village. There, for more than half a century, he 
lived quietly and peacefully as a farmer, " seeing his chil- 
dren grow up around him, and witnessing the wonderful de- 
velopment of the nation for whose existence he had fought 
so long and well in his youth. He was honored, trusted, 
and revered by his neighbors, and was repeatedly elected or 
appointed to various responsible positions in the town, 
county or Slate. By appointment of the Legislature, he was 
for many years a Justice of the Peace, and a Judge of Com- 
mon Ple.is; in 1806-7, 1S09-IO and 1811, was a member 
of the General Assembly from Bergen county, Xew Jersey; 
and in iSoS, 1S12 and 1S13, served prominently in the Leg- 
islative Council. He was always warmly interested in mili- 
tary affairs and measures; in iSn filled the position of 



Brigadier-General of the 2d Division of Infantry, Bei^en 
Brigade; and in the war of iSl2was in command at Sandy 
Hook ; " while at the elaborate and enthusiastic celebra- 
tions of Independence Day, which were customary a half 
century ago, his presence was deemed indispensable at the 
demonstrations in his neighborhood." In l824or 1825, on 
the occasion of the great parade in Newark, in honor of the 
French hero, the Marquis de Lafayette, he participated 
as one of the most conspicuous revolutionar)- heroes of the 
day. " He preserved his faculties to the Very last, and died 
after but a few days illness, 9th September, 1838, aged 
eighty-two years and two months." He was buried on his 
own estate with military honors, the militia of Paterson and 
vicinity turning out en masse on the occasion, with martial 
music, under the command of Genetal Abraham Godwin, 
the younger, and Colonel Cornelius G. Garrison, both of 
Paterson. The services were held in the Dutch Reformed 
Church at Pompton, Rev. Is.aac S. Deniarest officiating, 
while the people came in crowds from all the country around, 
to testify by their presence to their respect for one whom 
they had so long reverenced and admired. On the sites of 
the houses built by Brockholls (or Brockholsl) and Schuyler 
are now two spacious and inviting country mansions, occu- 
pied, the one by the venerable Dr. William Washington 
Colfax, the other by his nephew. Major William Washing- 
ton Colfax. A short distance above the doctor's residence, 
in an enclosed field, and but a few feet from the roadside, is 
an unostentatious \vhite marble pyramidal shaf^, about five 
feet high, resting on a simple brown stone base, and bearing 
this inscription: "General William Colfax, Captain of 
Washington's Life-Guards." He left six children : George 
Washington, born November 3d, 1784, married Eliza Col- 
fax; Lucy, born November l8th, I789, married Henry P. 
Beny; Schuyler, born August 3d, 1792, married Hannah 
Delameter Stryker (father of Schuyler Colfax, Vice-Presi- 
dent of the United States, 1S69-73); Elizabeth, bom 
August 8th, 1794, married James L. Baldwin ; William W., 
born April 26th, 1797, married Hester Mandeville ; Maria, 
born July 3d, 1800, married Abraham Williams. 



OTTS, HON. FREDERICK A., of Pittstown, was 
born in Pottstown, Pennsylvania, in 1836. After 
receiving a liberal education he engaged in the 
mining and shipping of coal, and for a number of 
years has conducted an extensive wholesale coal 
business in New York. About 1862 he purchased 
a farm — originally the property of one of his ancestors — 
near Pittstown, Hunterdon county. New Jersey, and while 
still maintaining his business in New York, has since this 
date made his home in New Jersey. In early life he 
identified himself with the Republican party ; was an ear- 
nest supporter of the adininistration of President Lincoln, 



EIOGRArmCAL ENCVCLOP.'EDIA. 



S57 



and has since his removal to New Jersey been prominent in 
local and State politics. In 1870 he was nominated Stale 
Senator from Hunterdon county, and was defeated ; the 
county being notoriously strongly Democratic. In 1872 he 
again led the forlorn hope, accepting in that year the con- 
gressional nomination from the Fourth District. He was 
again defeated, but he succeeded in greatly reducing the 
ordinarj- Democratic majority in the district from about six 
thousand to about two thousand ; while in his count)-, that on 
previous important elections had given a Democratic majority 
of from fifteen hundred to two thousand, be was defeated by 
but five hundred and seventy-six votes. In 1873 he was once 
more the Republican nominee for Slate Senator from Hunter- 
don, and on this occasion was elected by a majority of three 
hundred and eighiy-seven — being the only Senator ever 
elected over a Democrat in the county. While a member 
of the Senate he was Chairman of the Committee on Com- 
merce and Navigation ; was a member of various other im- 
portant committees ; and throughout his term of office dis- 
played legislative ability of a high order. In 1872 he was 
chosen a member of the Repablicam State Execntire Com- 
mittee, and in the deliberations and actions of that body his 
counsel and energetic labor have done much toward 
strengthening the New Jersey division of the party. Always 
manly and outspoken in his political views ; never seeking 
office, and accepting nomination in the face of almost cer- 
tain defeat and at a considerable personal sacrifice; thor- 
oughly honest in his convictions, and at all times deter- 
mined to use his best efforts for the good of the whole 
people, he has uniformly succeeded in winning the personal 
esteem of his poiilical enemies, and, as his record shor-s, 
has adnally turned several thousand of his political enemies 
jtfto his political friends. Already his name has been prom- 
inently mentioned bj- the leading men of his party in con- 
nection »-ilh the gubernatorial office, and shotild he receive 
the nominalioB for Govenjor his chances c^ election seem 
of the best. 



|%|AXDOLPII, HON. THEODORE F., Lawyer, was 
T\\ bom in New Brunswick, Middlesex county. New 
Jerse>-, June 24th, 1826. His family are of old 
re\-olationary stock, dating back to the progenitor 
of the Randolphs of Roanoke, Mrginia. His 
fnther, James F. RandoljA, was for lhirt>--six 
years the publisher and editor of the Frcdanian, an able r.nd 
influential journal of the 'VNTiig party, published at New 
Brunswick. He was an able statesman, and for eight years 
represented his party in Congress. Theodore was Hierally 
educated, and adopted the profession of the law, being ad- 
mitted to the l>ar in 184.8. He ti-as brought up by his 
father in the Whig school of politic*;, and when quite young 
he became a writer on his father's paper. AVhen quite a 
yotmg man he went to Mjssissipjri for a season, where he 



I cast his first vote. In 1S50 he relumed to New Jersej' and 
took up his residence in Hudson county, where he remained 
twelve years. In 1852 he married a daughter of Hon. W. 
D. Coleman, memljer of Congre^^s from Kcrlncky, and a 
] granddaughter of Chief Justice Marshall. When, in the 
i same year, the Whig party suffered its famous defeat, Mr. 
Randolph allied himself with the Native American or 
Know Nothing party, and took a prominent part in Us pro- 
ceedings, and generally in State politics. During the 
struggle over the slavery question in i860 Mr. Randolph 
and other Know Nothings formed a coalition with the 
Democratic party, by which he was elected to the House of 
.\s5embly from the First District of Hudson count}-, and 
was offered l)ut declined the Speakership ef that Ixidy. 
He was the first Democrat who ever carried that district. 
In i86j he presided as Chairman o^-er ihe Special Com- 
mittee on the Peace Congress, and was one of those who 
inaugurated the laeasure for the relief of soldiers' tamilies. 
In the same year, 1861, he was elected to the State Senate 
to fill an unexpired term, and the following year he was re- 
elected and served until 1865. The year of his re-election 
he was af^xrinted Commissioner of Draft for Hudson 
county. In 1867 he was unanimously elected President of 
the Morris & Essex Railroad Company. In the fall cam- 
paign cJ 1868 he became the Democratic candidate for 
Governor, and was elected by a majority of 4,618 votes 
over John I. Blair, the Republican nominee. He was in- 
augtirated in l86g, and held the office three years, during 
which time he osed the veto power freely for the purpose 
of defeating whatever he considered corrupt legislation, 
pro\ing himself an efficient as well as a popular officer. 
During his go^■emor5hip he caused the repeal of the transit 
tax on persons travelling through the State, and established 
a general railway law ; he made the State Prison s;-stem 
self-supporting ; passed a bill for the punishment of bribers 
in elections; suggested the plan for the State Lunatic 
Asylum ; settled the feud between the Erie and Delaware 
Railroads, and various other iroportanl acts. He also signed 
the resolution of the Legislature whidi ratified the Fifteenth 
-Amendment to the Federal Constitntion. Dtiring his la^ 
i;-ear of office Governor Randolph showed his independence 
of character by his action in regard to the Orangemen's 
procession, July 12th, 1871. The day before Superintendent 
Kelso, of New Vork, had issued a fn-oclamatios, forbidding 
the Orangemen's procession in that city. This catxsed great 
excitement, loud and angry demands being made on the 
authorrties to accord to diem, the Orangemen, the same 
privileges which had always been accorded to other organi- 
zations, and, always before, to them. The news <sf the 
order by Superintendent Kelso having been telegraphed to 
Governor Randolph, who was at Newark, he immediately 
issued the following proclamation, which has become 
famous: "A portion of otir citizens desiring to celebrate 
what is deemed by them an anni^-ersary- day, and it haA-ing 
come to my knowledge that interference wTth the cootem- 



55S 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA. 



plated celehrnlion may possibly fake place, by reason of 
which a serious disturbance of the peace of this State would 
probably ensue; therefore, I, Theodore F. Randolph, Gov- 
ernor of the State of New Jersey, do hereby proclaim that 
both the letter and spirit of the Constitution of our State of 
New Jersey, as well as the long-established custom of our 
people to permit and protect all peaceful gatherings of the 
inhabitants of this State, irrespective of political or religious 
creed, makes it the lawful right of any body of peaceful 
■ citizens to assemble together, and that right cannot be 
abridged or interfered with by any unauthorized body of 
men of any nationality, creed, or religion, whatever the real 
or supposed provocation may seem to be ; and I do therefore 
enjoin upon all good, law-abiding and peaceful citizens of 
this, our State of New Jersey, to assist in eveiy way in pre- 
serving the peace, good order, and dignity of the same, not 
only by abstinence from provocation, but by acts of tolera- 
tion, forbearance, and true manliness. And I do hereby 
warn all persons from other States who may seek by acts of 
provocation to interfere with the peaceful assembling of the 
inhabitants of this State, that such offence against the peace 
and good order of the commonwealth will be promptly and 
rigorously punished by our authorities, whom I do further 
enjoin and command to enforce this proclamation, assuring 
all such properly-constituted authorities that, in the event 
of the insufficiency of the ordinary local power, then the 
entire power of the State will, if necessary, be called into 
exercise to compel, at any cost, respect for and obedience 
to our laws. And I do further enjoin upon the members 
of the society, especially, professing to assemble together 
to-morrow, the exercise of the utmost patience, care, and 
discretion in the pursuance of their rights, bearing in mind 
that, to a large portion of our fellow-citizens, the peculiar 
occasion of their gathering is deemed an unnecessary 
revival of an ancient political and religious feud, of no gen- 
eral interest to the great body of our American citizens, and, 
though they were sustained, as in their right to peacefully 
assemble together, they are by no means sustained, as I 
firmly believe, by any large number of sincere, patriotic, 
and Christian people in the expediency of the exercise of 
that right at this time. Given at the executive chambers, 
in the city of Trenton, this nth day of July, in the year of 
our Lord 1871, and the independence of the United States 
of America the ninety-sixth. Theodore F. Randolph. At- 
test, Samuel C. Brown, Private Secretary." Speaking of 
the matter afterwards, Mr. Randolph said that when he 
lead Superintendent Kelso's order he immediately deter- 
mined, without having time or opportunity to consult with 
any one, to issue his proclamation, as he felt that the result 
of this order would be to throw into New Jersey the riotous 
elements of New York. By one o'clock the proclamation 
was written, sent to the telegraph, and ordered to be printed 
in hand-biUs and posted. By half-past three o'clock all the 
necessary military orders had been given. When the am- 
munition was forwarded. Governor Randolph said he 



ordered that no blank cartridges be sent, as he felt that to 
fire blank cartridges in such a situation would be to insti- 
gate riot rather than to quell it. During the day he was 
constantly alert to see that no New York organization 
crossed the river, and for the same purpose he remained on 
a tugboat, on the watch, all night. Fortunately, no attempt 
was made, and in the trouble of the next day the civil 
authority showed its ability to cope with the situation with- 
out the direct interference of the militaiy. All through his 
conduct of this emergency Governor Randolph proved himr 
self a ruler of singular firmness and ability in an emergency. 
On the expiration of his office Mr. Randolph devoted him- 
self to farming and mining. On his home, at Morristown, 
New Jersey, where he has resided since 1S62, comprising 
ninety acres, he pursued his agricultural tastes and fondness 
for stock-raising. On January 20th the New Jersey Demo- 
cratic caucus nominated him as successor, in the United 
States Senate, to Hon. John P. Stockton, whose term ex- 
pired in March of that year. His opponent was Hon. 
George M. Robeson. At the election, a week later, he re- 
ceived the entire vote of all the Democratic members of 
both houses. In March, 1875, Mr. Randolph was placed 
on the Committees on Military Affairs, Mines and Mining, 
and Civil Service and Retrenchment. March 9th, 1S77, 
he was placed on the Committees on Commerce and Mili- 
tary Affairs. 

' ' -'^ UCKLEY, BENJAMIN, Manufacturer, of Pater- 
son, New Jersey, son of Joseph Buckley, was 
born in Oldham, Lancashire, England, January 
29th, iSoS. From his sixteenth to his twentieth 
year he served as an apprentice to Samuel Lees 
& Son, m.ichinists, of Oldham; remained with 
the firm for six months after the termination of his term of 
apprenticeship, and in 1831 immigrated to America. Set- 
tling at Paterson, he worked at his trade in the establishments 
of Rogers, Danforth, and others; .and in 1844 began the 
manufacture, upon his own account, of spindles and flyers. 
This business he still continues under the firm-name of 
Benjamin Buckley & Co., his two sons having for some time 
been associated in partnership with him. In .\pril, 1871, 
he was elected President of the Second National Bank of 
Paterson, a position that at present (1877) he still holds. 
He is also a Director of the Paterson Fire Insurance Com- 
pany. For a number of years he has taken a prominent 
part in politics. In 1856 he was elected to the State As- 
sembly, w.as re-elected in 1857-58, and subsequently served 
for nine years as a member of the State Senate, being in 
1867 President of that body. Able in committee and sound 
in debate, his legislative career has been highly honorable; 
its appreciation by his constituents being evidenced by his re- 
peated re-elections, and also by his election, in 1875-76-77, 
as Mayor of Paterson. He married Maiy, daughter of Mr. 
Wilson, of Paterson. 



BIOGRAPHICAL EXCYCLOP.tDIA. 



559 



jANSOM, STEPHEN BILLINGS, Lawyer, of 
Jersey City, was born at Salem, Connecticut, Oc- 
tober I2lh, 1S14, bcin^ the son of Amsa Ransom, 
a farmer long resident in that place. He was 
educated at Bacon Academy, Colchester, Con- 
necticut, until 1835. During the latter part of 
this term he was engaged in teaching, which occupation he 
pursued for the following six yeai-s at Mendham, Belvidere, 
Hope, New Germantown and Chester. In 1841 he began 
thestudy of law under the direction of Phineas B. Kennedy, 
then county clerk at Belvidere, and finished his course 
under William Thompson, of Somerville. He was ad- 
mitted to the bar of New Jersey on September 5th, 1844. 
For three years he practised his profession at New German- 
town, Hunterdon county. In .\pril, 1848, he removed to 
Somerville, where he resided and prosecuted the law until 
1856. Two years previously to the last-mentioned he had 
opened an office in Jersey City, to which after a while he 
removed his residence, and where he still continues to prac- 
tise. In politics he was originally a Democrat, and sup- 
ported Van Buren for President in 1848. Four years later 
he a<lvocated the Free Soil platform, and voted for Pierce, 
the political elements with which he then found himself 
crystallizing into the Republican party. He supported 
Horace Greeley for the Presidency against the re-election 
of Ulysses S. Grant. Always a prohibitionist, he cast at the 
last Presidential election the only vote recorded in Jersey 
City for Green Clay Smith, the prohibitionist candidate. 
In 1845 and 1846 he commanded a company of militia at 
New Germantown. He married, May I4lh, 1845, Maria 
C. -Xpgar, daughter of Jacob Apgar, a merchant of Hunter- 
don county, who went to California on the discovery of 
gold, and died there in 1849. In the following year Mrs. 
liansom died. He was married a second time, in July, 
1856, to Eliza W. Hunt, daughter of Stephen R. Hunt, 
lawyer, of Somerville. 



li^OORHEES, CHARLES HOLBERT, M. D., of 
New Brunswick, New Jersey, descended from 
emigrants to America from Holland in 1670, a 
grandson of David Voorhees, a soldier in the Con- 
tinental army during the revolutionary war, and a 
son of the late Ira C. Voorhees, Esq., was born in 
New Brunswick, August 3d, 1824. After a creditable course 
at the well-known Rutgers College Grammar School, he 
entered the Jefferson Medical College, at Philadelphia, and 
from that institution received in the spring of 1850 his de- 
gree of M. D. Immediately upon graduation he entered 
upon the pr.ictice of his profession in his native town, and, 
save during a temporary sojourn in Plainfield, and during 
the late war, has since remained established there, in the 
enjoyment of a constantly increasing practice and the esteem 
of his townsmen. In his profession his standing is of the 
best. For a number of years he has been a prominent 



member of the Middlesex County Medical Society, having 
served as President of that organization in 1870, and having 
been for nine years past its representative in the annual 
conventions of the State Medical Society. In this latter 
body he holds a no less leading place, having repeatedly 
been chosen its delegate to the annual conventions of 
the medical societies of other States, and having also 
represented it at the meetings of the American Medical 
Association — the supreme head of the medical profession in 
America. He is also a member of the New Jersey Micro- 
scopical Society; of the New Brunswick Historical Society, 
of which he has been Secretary since 1868; of the Phi 
Beta Kappa, Rutgers College Chapter, of which he was 
Secretary in 1875-76, and was reelected for the present 
year (1877) ; and of the order of Ancient Free and .Accepted 
Masons. In February, 1862, he was appointed an Aciin,; 
Assistant Surgeon in the United States volunteer army, was 
subsequently promoted to be Surgeon, served until the end 
of the war, and was honorably discharged in 1S65. He 
was present and rendered efficient service at the battles uf 
Hanover, Fair Oaks, Gaines' Mill, and Savage's S'.ation ; 
was taken prisoner in the latter engagement, and was fiir 
some time confined in Libby and at Belleisle. On being 
released he rejoined his command, and was with the army 
of the Potomac during the retreat down the Peninsula to 
Fortress Monroe; was in Suffolk during the siege by Long- 
street's corps, took part in the engagements before Peters- 
burg and Richmond, and was in Fort Yorktown at the 
time of the explosion of the magazine. Beside his very 
active field service, he rendered service no less valuable in 
the hospital department, being detailed as Assistant Sur- 
geon to the hospital at Craney's Island, and to the United 
States General Hospital at Plampton, Virginia, and as Post 
Surgeon at Fort Yorktown during the winter of 1863-64. 
He married Charlotte B., eldest daughter of Dr. Anthony 
Bournonville, a leading physician of Philadelphia. 



HAPMAN, REV. ROBERT HETT, D. D., Pas- 
tor of the Presbyterian Church at Rahway, Presi- 
dent of the University of North Carolina, late of 
Winchester, Virginia, was born in Orange, New 
Jersey, March 2d (or 5th), 1771, both dates being 
given in "The Chapman Family." He was a 
descendant, in the seventh generation, of Robert Chapman, 
who was born at Hull, England, in 1616, and came to 
Boston in 1635, settling eventually at Saybrook, Connecti- 
cut, in April, 1642 ; his son, Robert, had a son, Robert, 
who was one of the first settlers of East Haddam, Connecti- 
cut ; he was the father of Robert the fourth, and the grand- 
father of Jedidiah, of Orange, New Jersey, whq; was born at 
East Haddnm, Connecticut, September 27th, 1741, and 
died at Geneva, New York, May 22d, 1813. Robert Hel( 



560 



EIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 



was the second son of Rev. Jedidiah Chapman and Blanche 
Smith, and graduated at the College of New Jersey in 1789, 
in the same class with David Hosack, Mahlon Dickerson, 
Isaac Pierson and Silas Wood. After a full course of theo- 
logical study he was licensed to preach by the Presbytery 
of New York, October 3d, 1793. In the winter of 
1794-95 he visited the Southern States on a missionary 
tour, and on his return supplied for a time the newly organ- 
ized church of Wardsesson (BloomfieldJ, New Jei-sey. The 
call from Rahway was laid before the presbyteiy October 
I2th, 1796, and was accepted. The ordination and instal- 
lation took place January 5th, 1797; and among those 
present were Rev. Messrs. Woodiuff, Roe, Chapman, 
Austin, Fish, Hillyer, Condict, Cook, Richards, Armstrong 
and Force. Mr. Hillyer preached, Mr. Chapman presided, 
and Mr. Condict gave the exhortation to the people. His 
first p.istorate was short, since, October 2d, 1799, he was dis- 
missed for want of adequate support, the people being 
unable to fulfil their engagements. He was subsequently 
the honored President of the University of North Carolina ; 
received the degree of D, D. from Williams College in 
181 5 ; and died, while on a journey, at Winchester, Vir- 
ginia, June 18th, 1833. He was married, February 14th, 
1797, to Hannah, daughter and sixth child of Isaac Arnett 
and Hannah White ; she was the sister of Mrs. Shepard 
Kollock, of Elizabethtown, and the granddaughter of 
James Arnett, who was one of those who were admitted 
Associates of the Town in 1699. They had twelve chil- 
dren, four of whom were born at Rahway. 



C*VkA ARE, REV. 



THOMAS, Celebrated Itinerant 



Methodist Preacher, Soldier in the Revolutionary 
Army, late of Salem, New Jersey, was born in 
Greenwich, New Jersey, December 19th, 1758. 
His paternal gran(liu(her was an Englishman by 
birth and a captain in the British service under 
Queen Anne. In his sixteenth year he left his native town 
and went to live with an uncle in Salem, New Jersey, an 
ingenious mechanic and a ready wit, but lax in his moral 
and religious principles; and there his religious creed and 
convictions were made the subject of biting and incessant 
ridicule, " Habitually listening to the skeptical conversa- 
tions of those who frequented his house, I soon imbibed the 
spirit and sentiments, and joined with them in their merri- 
ment." Also while residing in Salem, the quarrel with 
Great Britain grew more threatening, and he became 
deeply imbued with the spirit of patriotic resistance, and 
openly declared for the colonial as against the royal cause. 
His nncle was, on the opening of the struggle, on the side 
of America, 1 u: <m the declaration of independence again 
became a loyalist. Influenced by the views and feelings 
nurtured by his love of liberty, he then abandoned his roof 
and volunteered as a soldier in the service; and in 177^ 



was one of the nine thousand quartered at Perth Amboy. 
"After we had Iain there a short time, to make a show of 
our strength, as was supposed, our general reviewed us in 
full view of the enemy. As was expected by some, they 
opened their artillery upon us. Had their fire been directed 
with skill, many must have been slain. But they shot over 

us This was indeed a useless exposure of life." 

After being quartered one month at Perth Amboy he volun- 
teered to reinforce Washington on Long Island, and was 
marched thence to Powles' Hook. Before arriving there, 
however, the British had secured the Hudson river, and a 
passage w.as thus rendered impossible. Upon his volun- 
teering at Perth Amboy to aid in strengthening Washing- 
ton's position, in consequence of the refusal of the ensign to 
go, he was given the colors as a reward for being the first 
to follow his captain, who was the first in the regiment that 
turned out and called for volunteers. He subsequently was 
greatly exercised about his spiritual condition, and, retiring 
from the army, meditated solemnly over his p-ist, present, 
and future life. " From this time I considered my country 
safe, nor ever after sickened at the thought of wearing the 
chains of civil bondage. But, alas ! I wore chains infinitely 
more galling than any ever forged by an earthly tyrant. 

My soul was in bondage to sin I had been led to 

infer, from the effect my reading of the catechism and 
Confession of Faith had produced on my mind, that no 
human being was ever properly in a state of trial, not even 
Adam himself. .... I was silenced, however, by my 
mother's fears and tears at my doubts and questionings. 
But I could no longer hold to this system. In leaving it, 
however, I did not find the right way. I resorted to n.i- 
ture's laws as my guide, preferring to believe that the 
Deity had revealed no will, rather than admit that he had 
revealed one so much at variance with himself and the dic- 
tates of reason." Eventually, however, after a season of 
trials and harassing experiences, he became, through the 
chance instrumentality of a wandering preacher, Mr. Pedi- 
cord, acquainted with the Methodist doctrine and several 
of its adherents, and was greatly affected by what he saw 
and heard concerning them and their mode of belief and 
practice. After attending a meeting he hastened to his 
lodgings, and falling upon his knees in prayer, spent much 
of the night in penitential weeping. He then relinquished 
his former studies in navigation, and abandoned all com- 
pany but that of the pious. The New Testament he read 
over and over, and was charmed with the character of God 
our Saviour as revealed in it. Mount Holly, Burlington 
county. New Jersey, was the place of his spiritual birth. 
Soon after he joined the Methodist Society, Messrs. Pedi- 
cord and Cromwell were removed from his circuit, and 
Dudley and Ivy appointed in their place. From the time 
he made a public profession of religion, many of his 
brethren thought he was called to preach. " But I believed 
them not. The affectionate solicitude I felt for the salva- 
tion of sinners, which bad prompted mg to some bold acts 



BIOGRAPHICAL EXCVCLOP.l^DIA. 



561 



that I had pevlormeJ from a sense of duty, I did not construe 
as a call to the ministry, but as a collateral evidence of my 

adoption into the family of God I was a leader and 

an exhorter, and more than these I never expected to be." 
Such were his views and feelings when Bishop Asbury 
came to New Mills, and sent for him to come and see him. 
The result of his interview with that eminent Methodist was 
his appointment to lake the Dover Circuit, which h id but 
one preacher on it; and in September, 17S3, accordingly, 
he turned toward the peninsula, where he was received with 
warmth and kindliness. In the spring of 1784 he attended 
the conference which sat at Baltimore. " There was quite 

a number of preachers present The whole number 

of itinerant preachers at that time in America was eighty- 
three; stations and circuits, sixty four; and members in so- 
ciety, 14,988 Among these pioneers, Asbury, by 

common consent, stood first and chief; next to him, in the 
estimation of many, stood the placid Tunnell, the philosophi- 
cal Gill, and the pathetic Pedicord." He was afterwards 
appointed, with James O. Cromwtll and William Lynch, on 
the Kent Circuit, Eastern Shore of Maryland; and here, as 
on Dover Circuit, found a great number of young people, 
some of them connected with the first families; and when, 
in 1800, he had charge of the whole peninsula, he found 
many journeying toward the holy land, who, in sixteen 
years, had advanced from babes in Christ to fathers and 
mothers in Israel. The Methodist Episcopal Church in 
the United Slates was organized in 1784, soon after the 
close of the Revolution ; and it was impracticable, during 
the war, for Wesley to furnish an organization suited to the 
necessities of this country. After its termination, however, 
Mr. Asbury made application to the father and founder of 
the Methodist societies in behalf of those of the new nation. 
Wesley, accordingly, resolved without delay to send over 
Dr. Coke, whom he first set apart by the imposition of 
hands to the ofiice of superintendent, with instructions to 
carry his plan into effect. The doctor was then furnished 
with forms of ordination for deacons, elders, and superin- 
tendents, and appointed, jointly with Asbuiy, to preside 
over the Methodist family in America. It was afterward 
agreed to have a conference, to meet in Baltimore on the 
ensuing 25th of December. " Nearly fifty years have now 
elapsed since the Christmas Conference ; and I have a 
thousand times looked back to the memorable era with 
pleasurable emotions. I have often said it was the most 
solemn convocation I ever saw. I might have said, for 

many reasons, it was sublime After Jlr. W'esley's 

letter had been read, analyzed, and cordially approved by 
the conference, the question arose, 'What name or title 
shall we lake ? ' I thought to myself, I shall be satisfied 
that we be denominated The Methodist Church, and so 
whispered to a brother sitting near me. But one proposed, 
I think it was John Dickens, that we should adopt the title 

of Methodist Episcopal Church and the motion was 

carried, I think, without a dissenting voice. There was 
7« 



not, to my recollection, the least agitatit n on the question. 
Had the conference indulged a suspicion that the name they 
adopted would be, in the least degree, offensive to the views 
or feelings of Mr. Wesley, they would have abandoned it 
at once ; for the name of Mr. Wesley was inexpressibly 
dear to the Christmas Conference, and especially to Mr. 
Asbury and Dr. Coke." After the organization they pro- 
ceeded to elect a sufficient number of elders to visit the 
quarterly meetings and administer the ordinances; and this 
it was which gave rise to the office of presiding elder among 
the Methodists. From this conference he returned to the 
jieninsula, in every part of which Methodism was flourish- 
ing, and where the administration of the ordinances at the 
quarterly meetings " was singularly owned of God." His 
after course and career for a time is thus summarized in his 
" Life," as a preliminary heading : " Dr. Coke visits the 
peninsula. Multitudes flock to hear the word, receive the 
sacrament, and get their children baptized. Mr. Ware's 
labors interrupted by sickness. He partially recovers and 
resolves to return home. Is induced to ch.mge his course 
by' an extraordinary manifestation of divine influence at a 
meeting he attended, just about the lime he had made ar- 
rangements to leave. Has a second attack. Did not attend 
conference, and wrote to be discontinued for at least one 
year. \Vas, however, continued, and appointed to Salem 
Circuit. Had to contend with error. Saw many of his 
relatives brought into the church. Prosperity of the work. 
His reflections on the benefits of having the ordinances. 
Extension of the work. He is sent to Long Island, New 
York. Crosses over on the main shore, and visits New 
Rochelle, Bedford and Peekskill. Detained at a public 
house. His detention proves a blessing to the landlord and 
his wife." In the spring of 1787 Dr. Coke again visited 
this country, and called the preachers to meet in conference 
at Baltimore on the 1st of the ensuing May; during its 
progress he took part in the proceedings — which were 
especially notable and of h ^.1 importance as afiecting the 
relations existing between Wesley and his American 
brethren — and volunteered to accompany Mr. Tunnell to the 
Holston country, afterward called East Tennessee, where a 
fair field of labor lay ready for the sower. There, notwith- 
standing violent opposition from many and various quarters, 
societies were formed and a number of log chapels erected ; 
and on the circuit three hundred members were received ihe 
first year. In the fall of this year he was sent to form a 
circuit low down on the Holston and French Broad ; and 
the first conference in Holston w'as held in 1788. His next 
appointment was to East New River, where he was in- 
•structed, in conjunction with his colleague, to enlarge his 
borders from a two to a four weeks' circuit. In the spring 
of 1789 his circuit was visited by Bishop Asbury, and with 
him he journeyed to North Carolina ; and the following 
conference was held at McKnight's Church, commencing 
on the nth of April. Caswell Circuit was his next field of 
labor, and his second year in the Southern section was 



562 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP/EDIA. 



pnssecl on a district consisting of eight circuits, embracing a 
part of Virginia. After spending two years in that coiintry 
he returned to the North, and arrived in time to attend the 
Philadelphia Conference for 1791, and was appointed to 
Wilmington, Delaware, and in the spring of 1792 to Staten 
Island, New York, where he labored a short time with 
" much satisfaction and some success." He then took charge 
of the Susquehanna District, and thenceforward, until iSoS, 
continued to fill this very laborious office, " which was, I 
believe, a longer time in regular succession than had fallen 
to the lot of any other man since we became a church." 
In the spring of 1793 he took charge of the Albany District, 
which was constituted of ten circuits, embracing a portion 
of New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont. 
September 30th, 1796, the Annual Conference commenced 
its session in New York city, and from there he went with 
Bishop Asbui-y to the Philadelphia Conference, which 
commenced on the 20th of October. Here he was ap- 
pointed to the charge of the Philadelphia District, e.\tending 
from Wilmington, Delaware, to Lake Seneca, New York. 
He did not enter upon its duties, however, until after'the 
General Conference, whose session opened in Baltimore on 
the same day. In 1800 he was appointed to a district on 
the peninsula, and his first year there " was one of the hap- 
piest in his whole life." Previously to entering upon the 
charge of this district he attended the third Baltimore 
General Conference, where, as at other past meetings, he 
deplored the neglect of providing for super.annuated 
preachers, and elorjuently advocated the speedy adoption of 
needed measures rebating to the subject. He was present 
also at the Annual Conference at Smyrna, and participated 
in a great revival which, continuing during the session, 
added one hundred members to the church at its close. A 
meeting was then appointed by request at Dover, to be 
called the Yearly Meeting; a season followed of extraordi- 
nary power and gracious influence. Leaving the district at 
the end of the third year, he returned to the charge at Phila- 
delphia, and in 1803 took charge of the Jersey District, 
continuing on it four years. He afterward labored two 
years in the St. George's charge, Philadelphia; in iSoS 
was attacked by serious illness ; in the .spring of 1809, on 
account of his debility, was obliged to take a supernumerary 
relation, and in the following year was superannuated. In 
iSil Lancaster Town became the field of his labor, and at 
the General Gmference held at New York in 1S12 he was 
elected one of the Book Agents. In that office he continued 
four yeai-s, and was then appointed to Long Island. 
"From this time, 1816, 1 continued to be effective till 1825, 
so that I was an effective travelling preacher, in all, forty 
years." He attended also the General Conference in 1S32. 
W^hile Strasburg Circuit was the place of his residence, he 
formed an acquaintance with Earbary Miller, "a person 
whom I selected, above all others, as a suitable companion 
for me; and on the 15th of October, 1797, we were joined 
in holy matrimony, she being thirty.five years of age, and I 



thirty-eight." In the " Preface to Memoir of Rev, Thom.as 
Ware" are the following characteristic lines: *' The wiiter 
has neither capacity nor disposition to employ his pen 
merely for the purpose of amusing his fellow-men. But 
liaving been called in the order of Providence to act a part 
upon the stage of life at a period when everything connected 
with the history of this great nation was stamped with in- 
terest, he may without ostentation perform the humble task 
of recording some things which passed under his observa- 
tion, and thus preserving from oblivion inciilents connected 

with those days which might otherwise be lost He 

has lived to witness great changes Ilis ' old com- 
panions dear' are all gone. He lives as in a new world; 
yet not new, because, though other men inhabit it, they are 
engaged in the same cause. Methodism, in its radical prin- 
ciples and prominent features, is the same as when the 
writer first entered the field. That it may continue so to 
the end of lime, and equal the highest expectations of its 
eaily friends and advocates as an instrument of spreading 
evangelical holiness through these lands, is his sincere 
prayer." He died some years since. 



C'lildOODRUFF, HON. ROBERT S., Jr., Lawyer .and 
Judge, of Trenton, a member of one of the oldest 
families in East New Jersey, and son of James H. 
Woodruff, merchant, was burn at Newark, April 
2d, 1841. Educated in the public schools of his 
native town, at the .State Normal School, and at 
Rutgers College, he was appointed, while pursuing his 
studies there. Principal of the Rutgers Grammar School, 
a position that he retained for six years. During the 
latter portion of this period he read law, completing his 
legal studies in the office of Lewis Parker, Jr., Trenton, and 
in 1S69 was admitted to the New Jersey bar. Establishing 
himself in Trenton, he was in the same year elected a mem- 
ber of the Common Council for a three years' term, but in 
1870 resigned his seat. In 1S74 he was elected a member 
of the State Assembly, and during the ensuing session 
served on the Judiciary and other important committees. 
A renomination, tendered him in 1875, he declined, his 
practice having so greatly increased as to command his un- 
divided attention. Early in 1S77 an act was passed by the 
New Jersey Legislature creating District Courts in all cities 
of New Jersey containing more th.an fifteen thousand in- 
habitants, and soon after this act became a law he was ten- 
dered by and accepted from Governor Bedle the position of 
Judge of the District Court of Trenton. His appointment 
was confirmed by the Senate during the extra session in 
March, 1877, and under his direction the new court was at 
once organized. His inan.agement of its business has thus 
far been highly successful, greatly expediting the adminis- 
tration of justice in civil suits, and going a long way toward 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 



5C3 



breakiiif; ilown the strong feeling against the operation of 
the act that has been aroused in several cities of the State. 
Beside his other public offices, Judge Woodruff has been 
since 1868 a prominent member of the Trenton School 
Board. 



f- -.VALE, THOMAS N., Silk Manufacturer, the 
' I founder and principal owner of the Dale Manu- 
I factunng Company, of I'aterson, New Jersey, was 
■ *^ born at Spnngtield, Massachusetts, April 25th, 

1S13, of respectable and unpretending parentage. 

He was the youngest of three children — two sons 
and one daughter— and was left fatherless at an early age. 
The common district school teachings of New England, 
with two winter terms at the High School, at Springfield, 
were all the education his mother, who had married again, 
was able to give him. At the age of si.xteen he was sent to 
Pittsfield, Massachusetts, to learn the trade of gun-making, 
at the establishment of Mr. Lemuel Pomeroy. Some diffi- 
culty, which occurred between himself and one of Mr. 
Pomeroy's sons, caused him to leave in the autumn of the 
year and return to his home. A few weeks afterward he 
was engaged as clerk with Mr. Marvin B. Avery, a retailer 
of dry-goods, groceries, hardware and crockery. He re- 
mained in this employment until the spring of 1833, when, 
Mr. Avery having failed, he left Springfield and went to 
New London, where he shipped himself as a sailor on 
board the ship " Georgia," Captain Brewster, bound on a 
two years' whaling cruise to the Indian ocean. This voy- 
age was not a financial success to the young sailor, though 
rich in experience. In October, 1835, he was installed as 
clerk in the house of Levi Cook & Co., of New York, a 
Pearl street jobbing house, in what was then known as the 
notion and fancy trade. He remained with this house, ex- 
cept during a temporary suspension in the summer and 
winter of 1837, until January, 1S40, when, with the sum 
of forty-five dollars, the balance due him for his salary, he 
joined in business another clerk from the same house, who 
had ninety dollars. The name of the firm was Dale & 
Maxwell, and their place of business was at No. 2 Cedar 
street. They were the first to introduce into this country a 
specialty known as " tailors' trimmings." The business was 
profitable and the house successful until 1S44, when it was 
dissolved, and Mr. Dale continued the business under his 
own name. In January', 1S45, he married a daughter of 
Alfred S. Monson, M. D., of New Haven, Connecticut. 
His business increased rapidly, and it was in the latter part 
of that year that he realized his want of knowledge of the 
nature and value of silk, of which his stock was largely 
composed. He advertised for a silk weaver, and found an 
Englishman fiom Macclesfield, whom he engaged, and 
with whom he made the experiment of weaving a piece of 
silk vesting. Mr. Dale attended in person to the buying 



and dyeing of the silk, and watched very attentively all the 
operations in manufacturing this piece of silk. When it 
was finished, the reed was reserved, the remaining machin- 
ery sold, and the vesting disposed of, the whole operation 
resulting in a loss of $100. This experiment qualified him 
to become a successful purchaser of silk goods. In 1848 he 
went to Europe to purchase goods, for the first time, and 
made semi-annual trips until 185 1. At this lime, having a 
young family, and his business being greatly increased, he 
was induced to take two of his clerks into partnership, 
under the firm-name of Thomas N. Dale & Co., and move 
his family to Paris, France, where they resided until the 
autumn of 1864, Mr. Dale making frequent visits to this 
country, occasionally accompanied by his family. During 
his residence in Paris he was active in, and sympathized 
with, all that was American in character. The success of 
the American chapel in Paris, founded by Mr. Anson G. 
Phelps and Rev. Dr. Kirk, was largely due to his active 
co-operation with other American residents in Paris, and 
many Americans in distress found relief at his hands. He 
returned to this country with his family in 1S64. He was 
identified with many patriotic movements originating w ilh 
the Union League Club at the commencement and close of 
the slaveholders' rebellion. On the passage of the tariff 
bill of 1864 he became convinced that silk manufacture 
would be one of the great industries of this country, and 
under this conviction he organized the Dale M.inufacturing 
Company, and constructed the Dale mill, at Paterson, for 
the purpose of supplying the house of Thomas N. Dale c& 
Co., and its branches in Philadelphia and Cincinnati, with 
the class of goods in which they dealt. The mill was 
finished in the summer of 1866, and commenced opera- 
tions ; but the over-purchase of foreign goods by his house 
compelled the mill to diminish its product and partially sus- 
pend its operations. Mr. Dale finally became the purchaser 
of the largest portion of the stock of the company; and his 
house in New York having gone into liquidation, he turned 
his attention to the reorganization of the mill co^.pany; but 
not succeeding in securing such an organization as he de- 
sired, and the business outlook not being inviting, in the 
.spring of 1873 he commenced reducing his operations, sold 
part of the machinery, and rented the largest portion of the 
mill. Since then he has confined himself principally to the 
manufacture of silk braids and trimmings. But his active 
mind has been interested in questions of economy and the 
industrial education of the laboring classes. He has been 
prominent as the first Vice-President of the Silk Associa- 
tion of America, has taken an active part in matters con- 
nected with the Paterson Board of Trade, and was ap- 
pointed Centennial Commissioner for the Fifth District of 
New Jersey. On this commission his usual activity was 
displayed, and he shared with his fellow-commissioners the 
gratifying commendations of the public. He w.as instru- 
mental in urging upon the Legislature the passage of the 
bill presented by the Centennial Commission, creating a 



5^4 



BIOGRArillCAL ENXYCLOP.EDIA. 



commission to examine and report to the next Legislature 
upon the subject of technical education, and establishing 
industrial schools in the State of New Jersey. 



iREEN, HON. CALEB S., Lawyer, was bom, Feb- 
ruary i8lh, 1819, in Lawrence township, near 
Princeton, New Jersey. He is a son of Caleb 
Smith Green, a farmer of that township. He was 
educated at the Lawrenceville High School, from 
which he graduated in 1S34, and at Princeton 
College, graduating from that institution in the class of 
1S37, which included, among others who have since ac- 
quired greater or less distinction, Joseph Branch, of North 
Carolina, Charles J. Biddle, of Phil.adelphia, and Rev. J. H. 
Mcllvaine, D. D. Immediately after graduating he entered 
the law office of his brother, the late ex-Chancellor H. W. 
Green, with ■\\hom he completed his legal studies, being 
admitted to the bar in 1843. He at once settled in the city 
of Trenton, and began the practice of his profession, which 
he pursued with such diligence and effect that he soon took 
rank among the ablest of its members, his practice becom- 
ing both lucrative and extensive, not always synonymous 
terms in the practice of either law or medicine, as many 
overworked practitioners of one and the other can testify. 
He is a man of strong political convictions, which unite 
him with the Republican party; but he is not a panisnn, his 
devotion to his profession, as well as the judicial temper of 
his mind and character, keeping him aloof from the ordi- 
naiy and perennial strife of parties. He belongs, indeed, to 
the class of men who, believing with the fathers of the re- 
public that office should be neither sought nor declined, 
generally have offices of trust thrust upon them, while in- 
ferior men help themselves to the offices of profit ; a pretty 
fair result, perhaps, in a rough way, after all, so far at least 
as the public is concerned, it being more important, from 
the public point of view, that offices of trust should be filled 
by trustworlhy men, than that trustworthy men should fill 
the offices of profit, where of course the two qualities are not 
combined in the same office. Be this as it may, he has not 
escaped the honorable fate of his class. In 1S62 he was 
appointed one of the Managers of the New Jei'sey State 
Lunatic Asylum, and has held the position ever since. In 
1873 he was appointed to fill a vacancy in the Court of 
Errors and Appeals, and in 1874 appointed for the regular 
term of six years. For the past twenty yeai-s he has been 
a Director of the Trenton Banking Company, and since 
1854 President of the Trenton Savings Fund Association. 
He is also a Trustee of Princeton College and of the 
Princeton Theological Seminaiy. It will be noticed that 
every position to which he has ever been appointed he still 
fills, the periods of his incumbency ranging from four years 
to the full period of a generation of men, a fact, consider- 
ing the rule of unresting rotation which obtains in official 



life in this country, very significant of his solid qualities 
both of character and of intellect. He was married, in 
1847, to the youngest daughter of the late Chief Justice 
Ewing, of Trenton, New Jersey. 



PRAGGS, REV. SAMUEL, Rector of St. John's 
Church, Elizabethtown, late of Mount Holly, was 
born in England, about the middle of the last 
century. His first appointment, after being ad- 
mitted on trial, as a Methodist itinerant preacher, 
was to Brunswick Circuit, in southeastern Vir- 
ginia, May 25th, 1774. In May, 1775, having been ad- 
mitted to full connection, he was appointed to Philadelphia, 
and reappointed in May, 1776. In May, 1777, he was ap- 
pointed to the Frederick Circuit, in Maryland. After the 
capture of Philadelphia by the British army, September 
26th, 1777, he again returned to Philadelphia, and in the 
course of the following winter, or spring, removed to New 
York. As the only travelling preacher there in the connec- 
tion, he took charge of the old John street chapel from that 
time to the close of the war, in 1783. In common with his 
fellow-itinerants, he was regarded by the British authori- 
ties as a loyalist, and so neither he nor the chapel was dis- 
turbed at any time. His ministry there terminated in July, 
from which time his name is missing from the connection. 
It is probable that about this lime he married and settled at 
Mount Holly, New Jersey. It is not known certainly how 
he was occupied during the next few years. He had, in 
all probability, become connected with the Episcopalians, 
and been ordained a deacon. Januaiy 1st, 1791, he was 
appointed to succeed Rev. Dr. Chandler, as Rector of St. 
John's Church, in Elizabethtown. His ministry, however, 
which had given promise of great usefulness, was cut short 
by his unexpected decease, September 7th, 1794- 



UNYON, HON. THEODORE, LL. D., Lawyer 
and Chancellor of New Jersey, was born at 
Somerville, Somerset county. New Jersey, Oc- 
tober 25th, 1822, the son of Abraham Runyon, 
of that town. The family is of Huguenot origin, 
and was .among the original settlers at Piscata- 
way township, Middlesex county, their ancestor being Vin- 
cent Rognion, a Huguenot who came to this country with 
the Stelles and other French families. Theodore was edu- 
cated partly in New Jersey and partly in New York, whither 
his father removed when the lad was quite young. Having 
been fitted for college at Plainfield, he became a student at 
Yale, where he was graduated as A. B. in 1842, and subse- 
quently received his degree as A. M. Having elected the 
law for a career, he began his legal studies in the office of 
Asa ^Vhitehead. In due course he was admitted to the bar 



BIOGRArillCAL ENCVCLOREDIA. 



565 



of New Jersey, in July term, 1S46, and three years later he 
was called as counsellor. He began practice in the city 
of Newark, immediately after his admission, and without 
intermission continued its prosecution in the same place 
until his appointment as Chancellor. His marked ability 
soon gave him great prominence in his profession, and se- 
cured a practice at once extensive and lucrative. For many 
years he was City Solicitor of Newark. He always mani- 
fested great interest in military matters, and did more to 
organize the mililia of the Slate than any other man — in- 
deed what of military organization existed in the State at 
the outbreak of the war owed its being mainly to him. He 
was appointed Brigadier-General of Militia for the county 
of Essex on May 8th, 1857. On the commencement of 
hostilities, in 1S61, he was appointed Brigadier-General of 
the 1st New Jersey Brigade, and this force, moving under 
his command, was the first fully equipped and organized 
brigade of troops that went to the defence of Washington. 
Other States had previously sent regiments and detach- 
ments, but to New Jersey belongs the honor of furnishing 
the first full brigade. President Lincoln issued his call for 
troops April 15th, 1S61 ; the first company of the New 
Jersey quota under that call was mustered in, April 23d; 
General Runyon received his commission from Governor 
Olden, and took command April 27th, and on the 30th of 
April the quota was declared full. And, notwithstanding 
the difficulties in the way of obtaining transportation, am- 
munition and supplies, in reducing this large body of un- 
disciplined men, drawn from all positions in life, and wholly 
■without previous military training, into effective condition. 
General Runyon set about his anything but light task with 
such well-directed energy, and was so generously supported 
by his assistants and the patriotic people of the State gen- 
erally, that on May 3d the brigade embarked on the pro- 
pellers of the Delaware & Raritan Canal. The command 
arrived at Annapolis on the 4th, and reported at Washing- 
ton May 6th, thirteen days after the first man had been 
mustered. The appearance of this large organization did 
much to quiet the apprehensions entertained for the city of 
Washington. General Runyon served with the brigade 
until they were mustered out, at the end of their term of 
enlistment, during which they were engaged on the fortifi- 
cations in Virginia, opposite Washington, where Fort Run- 
yon, named after him, was erected. He returned home in 
August, 1861, but before quitting the field he received the 
thanks of President Lincoln, personally tendered in the 
presence of the Cabinet, for his services in connection with 
the New Jersey Brigade. Subsequently resolutions com- 
plimentary to his patriotism and efficiency as a soldier were 
passed by the Legislature of New Jersey, and he was, on 
February 25th, 1862, appointed, by Governor Olden, Major- 
General by brevet, in compliance with the recommendation 
of the House of Assembly, in testimony of his patriotic and 
mentorious services in the field. He was appointed Major- 
General commanding the National Guard of the State of 



New Jersey on April 7th, 1S69, and held the position until 
1873, when he resigned on accepting the Chancellorship. 
For many years he bore a prominent part in the manage- 
ment of the political affairs of the State, as a member of the 
Democratic party. He was a Presidential Elector in 1S60, 
was elected Mayor of the city of Newark in 1864, and hcKl 
that office during that and the following year, his high 
integrity, superior ability, kindly feeling and invariable 
courtesy winning for him great popularity. In August, 
1865, he received the nomination of hisparty for Governor 
of the State, and after a very exciting campaign Mas de- 
feated by the Republican nominee, Marcus L. Ward, by 
only a bare majority. On April 29th, 1873, he was ap- 
pointed a member of a commission to prepare amendments 
to the constitution of the State, and about the same time 
was nominated by Governor Joel Parker as Chancellor of 
the State for a term of seven years. The nomination, ac- 
cepted by General Runyon, was confirmed by the Senate, 
and his commission issued bearing date May 1st, 1S73. 
Upon assuming this high and responsible office he resigned 
the presidency of the Manufacturers' National Bank, which 
he had held from the organization of the corporation, in 
1871. As Chancellor he has proved a worthy successor of 
a long line of profound lawyers and worthy men, who have 
shed lustre upon the records of the Court of Chancery in the 
State. He has received the honorary degree of LL. D. from 
two institutions — the Western University, Middletown, Con- 
necticut, on August 15th, 1867; Rutgers College in 1875. 
He was married on January 20th, 1864, to Clementine, 
daughter of William D. Bruen, Esq., a retired merchant of 
Newark. 



DOLMAN, FRANKLIN, Surveyor and Convey- 
ancer, of Burlington, New Jersey, was born in 
that city, March 25lh, 1814, and in it has always 
resided. He is descended from a family which 
were among the oldest settlers in that vicinity, 
and whose name has ever borne with it an hon- 
orable reputation. The American head of the family, John 
Woolman, arrived from England in 1681, He was a mem- 
ber of the Society of Friends, and he sought in America the 
shelter and peace which, owing to his religious views, he 
was prevented from enjoying in the old country. He lo- 
cated a tract of land about four miles from Burlington in 
1 686; it extended from the city of Burlington to Rancocas 
creek, a distance of about five miles, and comprised about 
8,000 acres; part of the land still remains in the possession 
of the family. A man of education and ability, a surveyor, 
and the owner of an extensive property, he naturally occu- 
pied a prominent position in the community, and became a 
member of the Council of Proprietors. His son, Samuel, 
was also a prominent surveyor, and devoted much attention 
to the farming of his land. Samuel had two sons, John 
and Jonah. The former was the celebrated Quaker preacher 



S66 



BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.ILDIA. 



and pliilanthropist, and ihe first person who opposed slav- 
ery. His life has been published several times, and his 
" Journal " edited by the poet Whittier. The latter is per- 
haps one of the most beautiful idyls in prose in the English 
language. The other son, Jonah, followed his father's oc- 
cupation of surveying and farming, and he, in turn, was 
succeeded by his son, Burr, who added conveyancing; he 
was appointed Surveyor-General of the Western Division 
of New Jersey in'lSi4, and held the office for thirty years. 
Franklin Woolman, the subject of this sketch, is the son 
of Burr. He received a sound education, and studied with 
a view to inheriting his father's business, into which in due 
course he was admitted. On the death of his father he w.-»s 
appointed to the Surveyor-Generalship, and has held the 
office ever since, in connection with the old-established 
conveyancing and surveying business. He has made an 
especial study of titles and matters connected with real 
estate in BurUngton county, and has gained the reputation 
of being the most thoroughly informed person on this sub- 
ject in that section of the State. His capacity in the man- 
agement of estates and his high character have caused him 
to be very frequently selected as executor and administrator, 
and it is probable that in these capacities he has settled more 
estates than any other person in West Jersey. His business 
ability has also been called into requisition in connection 
with several corporate and other associations, among which 
may be named the Burlington Savings Institution, of which 
he is Vice-President, the Burlington National Bank and the 
Burlington Library, in each of which he is a Director. A 
man of public spirit, and especially interested in the ad- 
vancement of the social and moral condition of the com- 
munity with which his interests are so intimately bound up, 
he takes an active part in all movements calculated to 
accomplish that end. He is a prominent Episcopalian, 
attending St. Mary's Church, of which he is a vestryman 
and the Treasurer. He was married, in 184S, to Jane, 
daughter of John Conrad, a well-known citizen of Phila- 
delphia and Mayor of the Northern Liberties, and sister 
of Judge Conrad, the first Mayor of the consolidated city 
of Philadelphia. Mr. Woolman is one of the best known 
citizens of West Jersey, and he is as widely respected and 
esteemed as known. 



jLAIR, JOHN I., Railroad Promoter, of Blairs 
town, was born in Warren county. New Jersey, 
near that place, about the year 1810. He re 
ceived an ordinary business education, and at 
a very early age was thrown upon his own re 
sources, with very indifferent prospects. When 
a mere boy he commenced work for his own support as a 
clerk in his uncle's small country store in his native county 
As he neared manhood he opened a similar business for 
himself at a place then known as Gravel Hill, but now 



called Blairstown, in his honor. Ilt^re he continued for 
many years, applying himself industriously to his business 
and managing it with marked economy and judgment. 
What may be termed his first start was obtained by a specu- 
lative transaction on a small scale in cotton. It yielded a 
fair profit, and on this was laid the foundation of his ample 
fortune. The section of the State in which his early lot 
was cast was then comparatively wild and uninhabited ; but 
it was ascertained to possess valuable resources, and he was 
one of the first and most active spirits in the development 
of its agricultural and mineral wealth. By small invest- 
ments ill the coal and iron interests of New Jersey and 
Pennsylvania, he gradually became a master-spirit among 
capitalists of that particular branch of industry, and em- 
ployed all his earnings for a lime exclusively in the exp:in- 
sion of the coal and iron trade. Extending his interests to 
the Lackawanna and Wyoming valleys, of Pennsylvania, he 
became one of the original founders of the city of Scranton, 
and largely interested in the coal and iron enterprises of 
that place. With a view to providing an outlet for the 
products of this region, he took part as one of the promoters 
in the construction of the main line of the Delaware, Lacka- 
wanna & Western Railroad. This road has been the prin- 
cipal means of developing the extensive natural resources 
of the Lackawanna and Wyoming valleys, and for many 
years was the only eastern outlet for the coal and iron of the 
region. In the welfare and prosperity of this corporation 
he has ever continued to manifest the warmest interest, and 
is still one of its managing directors. He also holds a 
managing interest in the Lackawanna Coal and Iron Com- 
pany, a separate organization, as well as important shares 
in other mining and banking stock concerns of Scranton. 
Railroad enterprises have always claimed large attention at 
his hands. He has been extensively engaged in various 
undertakings of the kind both in the West and South, in 
most cases taking the entire contract, and personally super- 
intending the work, and all those in which he has held a 
controlling interest have proved successful. He displayed 
wonderful mechanical skill in the rapid construction of the 
Sioux City Railroad, in Missouri, which he completed under 
contract in one year, the road-bed and other track accessories 
extending a distance of 100 miles. This was considered 
by practical men a splendid achievement. In one instance 
he is said to have built 300 miles of road in eight months. 
.Although his varied interests have occasioned an extraor- 
dinary amount of travelling, so much so that he may be 
said to have lived and slept in railroad cars, with occasional 
intervals in prairie huts, he has still regarded Blairstown as 
his home, and has managed to return thither to spend some 
lime with his family, to look after his home concerns and 
to take needed rest. In the advancement of the town he 
has always manifested the liveliest activity. Originally a 
mere village, it is now a thriving town of some thousands 
of inhabitants. Through his exertions and aid, banks, 
, churches and institutions of learning have been established. 



BIOGRArillCAL ENCYCLOr.EDIA. 



567 



He built the Blairstown Academy, with its boarding-house 
attached; burned during the winter of 1867-68, he at once 
set about its rebuilding, at a cost of some $40,000. Of the 
Belvidere Kank, one of the most substantial financial insti- 
tutions in the State, he was elected President in 1S60, 
having been for some years jireviously a Director and its 
largest shareholder; he has always been able to discharge 
the duties of President down to the present time, notwith- 
standing his multifarious engagements. In educational 
niattei-s he has proved a munificent benefactor. Beyond his 
large expenditure in this direction, directly in Blairstown, 
he some years since endowed a professorship at Princeton 
with $30,000, and he has also given $10,000 to the Lafay- 
ette College, at Easton, Pennsylvania. Other educational 
establishments have experienced his generosity, and any 
deserving charity finds in him a liberal friend. Politically, 
he w.as a Whig until the organization of the Republican 
party, when his warm sympathies were enlisted on behalf 
of that organization, although as a rule he has refrained 
from personal share in the actual work of politics, only on 
one occasion permitting his name to be offered for any 
public office. This was in 1868, when he accepted the 
Republican nomination for Governor of New Jersey. As, 
however, the Slate was Democratic, he was defeated by 
Hon. Theodore F. Randolph, the candidate of that party, 
by a small majority. Although he has now passed the 
meridian of life, Mr. Blair enjoys robust health, being as 
h.ile and vigorous, physically and mentally, as when in 
early manhood. This is in a great measure due to the out- 
door life and exercise he has pui-sued. With an intellect 
naturally clear and vigorous, he has supplied the deficien- 
cies of early education and overcome the obstacles presented 
to his youthful ambition, and now stands forward a note- 
worthy example of a self-made man — a pure, strong, well- 
balanced character, a developed mind, and a successful 
financier. Of a family of several children he has but one 
surviving son. 



TETSON, DAVID S., Merchant, was born in Bath, 
Maine, May 22d, 1819. Bred among seamen, 
at a very early age he determined to adopt a sea- 
faring life, and when only fourteen years old he 
went as cabin boy in the ship " New England," 
bound from Bath to New Orleans, and thence to 
Havre. His rise in his profession was unusually rapid : 
when only eighteen years old he was made first ofiicer of 
the ship " Manco," and when scarcely twenty-one he was 
given the command of the "Maria," brig. In the" Manco" 
he came for the first time to Philadelphia, and was subse- 
quently engaged in the Gulf and South .\tlantic trade. The 
" Maria " he commanded for four years, trading between 
Philadelphia and the West Indies. In 1S44 he built the 
brig "James A. Marple," an unlucky vessel that was soon 



after wrecked upon the Bahamas. With characteristic en- 
ergy he repaired his loss immediately by building the brig 
"Ida," continuing in her in the West India trade during 
the ensuing three years. In 1846 he married a daughter 
of Mr. T. II. and Susan Sickels, of Philadelphia, and the 
ensuing year he determined upon abandoning the sea. 
Associated with Mr. J. Baker under the firm-name of Baker 
& Stetson, he established himself in Philadelphia as a ship- 
chandler, his store being situated upon Delaware avenue, 
north of Arch street. In 1856 Mr. Baker withdrew from 
the firm, whereon Mr. Stetson formed a partnership with 
Mr. W. F. Gushing, at the same time changing the charac- 
ter of his business to that of shipping and commission. 
Founded just before the financial panic of 1S57, the firm 
of D. S. Stetson & Co. was seriously affected by the failure 
of many prominent houses with which it had dealings; but 
while sorely pressed, the firm maintained its credit intact. 
Every obligation was met as it became due, and at the end 
of the season of disaster and reverse, although weakened in 
capital, the credit of the firm was unimpeachable. The 
losses of '57 were more than m.ade good during the flush 
years of the war, an immense business being done under 
contract with the government in co.iling and supplying the 
naval vessels and stations of the Gulf, and in forwarding 
supplies for the use of the armies operating in the Southern 
seaboard States. From the punctual manner in which these 
contracts were fulfilled, the government was an even greater 
gainer than were the contractors : it is not too much to say 
that the success of the naval force operating in the Gulf, and 
of the military force in the interior, was very largely due to 
the faithfully rendered services of the firm of D. S. Stetson 
& Co. In 1S72 Mr. Gushing retired from the firm, and D. 
S. Stetson, Jr., who had for a number of years been actively 
engaged in the executive departments of the establishment, 
became his father's partner : a young man of exceptional 
business ability, fine address, and a thorough comprehension 
of the trade, West India and Mediterranean, in which the 
house is mainly engaged, he has of late succeeded to a con- 
siderable share in the control of the large and still increas- 
ing business, thus enabling his father to take the rest which, 
by his laborious, useful life, he has so abundantly earned. 
Mr. Stetson has been prominent in the development of two 
thriving towns in New Jersey — Merchantville, on the east- 
ern border of Camden county, and Ocean Grove, near Lone 
Branch. In the former, a village of handsome villas, he 
has for many years resided, being prominent alike in the 
Methodist Church and in furthering all works looking to 
the moral or material advancement of the welfare of the 
town ; and in the latter he is the owner and summer occu- 
pant of a charming cottage. He is a man of commanding 
presence : his manner, somewhat bluff and smacking of the 
sea, is tempered by geniality and an innnle courtesy; while 
his absolute honesty in all relations of life assures him the 
respect and esteem of all with whom he is brought in con- 
tact. 



BIOGRAPIIICAL ENXYCLOr.EDIA. 



^ILCIIRIST, ITOX. ROBERT, Lawyer, of Jersey 
City, Mas born in the first quarter of the present 
century. He studied law, and in due course was 
called to the bar, where he holds a high position, 
being regarded, by general consent, as one of the 
leading lawyers of the Slate. Always taking an 
earnest interest in public affairs, he has been called upon to 
discharge some high and responsible trusts. Politically, he 
vas a member of the Whig party until it was merged into the 
Republican organization. During Mr. Lincoln's administra- 
tion he acted with the moderate Republicans, protesting 
against the radical measures of the government, and finally 
breaking away from the party upon the question of recon- 
struction. In the summer of lS66 he joined the Johnson 
movement, and became the Democratic candidate for Con- 
gress in the Fifth District. The Republicans, however, 
were successful, electing their nominee, George A. Halsey. 
In May, 1869, he was nominated by Governor Randolph as 
Attorney-General of the State, to succeed George M. Robe- 
son, appointed Secretary of the Navy, accepted the nomina- 
tion, and was confirmed by the Senate. During his term 
of office an important question arose, and his public-spirited, 
unpartisan decision upon its submission to his judgment 
doubtless prevented what might have proved a serious trou- 
ble. It concerned the right of negroes to vote in New Jer- 
sey. The question was submitted by the Mayor of Prince- 
ton in the following form on April 2d, 1870 : — "Borough 
election, Monday. Have the negroes a right to vote ? " 
His reply came promptly on the same day in the follow ing 
terms : — ■'• E. R. Stoneaker, Esq., Mayor Princeton, New 
Jersey — The Fifteenth Amendment makes void so much of 
our State Constitution as on account of- color denies the 
right of any citizen of the United States to vote. • The Thir- 
teenth Amendment made all the colored people who were 
before in slavery free. If a free colored native was not a 
citizen before, the text of the Fourteenth Amendment makes 
liim so. Three questions are made on the Fifteenth 
Amendment. First. Is it in force or legally adopted ? 
Second. Does it o|)erate upon State elections ? Third. 
Does it destroy old provisions of the Constitution as well as 
prevent future provisions denying the right to vote on ac- 
count of color? In my opinion, the judges of election 
should treat the matter as a practical one, and answer all 
these questions in the affirmative, though they may believe 
as I do, that unconsiituvional force was the means of pro- 
curing the ratification of the amendment, and .though on 
this ground it m.-iy finally be held by all branches of the 
government never to liave been in force. Nothing but dis- 
order will result if the judges of election in any State, by 
concert, now, answer these questions in the negative. Yet 
if any judge thinks these questions should be answered in 
the negative and desires to make a case, and thinks he can 
practically do so, by refusing a colored person's vote, he 
may without moral guilt refuse it, but will undoubtedly sub- 
ject himself to the penalty of the law (if any there be im- 




posed upon a judge) for the refusal, and if the courts decide 
he is wrong, to a civil suit ; and the person elected may, if 
the votes refused would have defeated him, lose his elec- 
tion. One or two cases in the whole State will be all that 
can be productive of any good whatever, if it shall be 
deemed wise to contest the right. As a practical, present 
question of the hour, the right of the colored man to vote, 
if he is otherwise qualified, should be treated as settled in 
his favor — Robert Gilchrist." In April, 1873, he was ap- 
pointed by Governor Parker on a special commission to re- 
vise the Constitution of the State. In Januar)', 1875, he 
retired from the Attorney-Generalship, and was succeeded 
by ex-Governor Joel Parker. During the same month his 
name was brought before the Democratic caucus of the 
Legislature for the nomination for United States Senator, 
and he received large support ; but ex-Governor Theodore 
F. Randolph eventually obtained the nomination and was 
elected. 

AY, HON. ANDRE\V IC, of Winslow, was born 
in Massachusetts about 1S17. Removing to New 
Jersey, he became engaged in the manufacture of 
ss at \Vinslow, and has in the course of a 
number of years built up an extensive business in 
that town. He is also largely interested in real 
estate, and has under cultivation in the vicinity of Winslow 
several fine farms. During the existence of the Whig 
party, he was a member of that organization, and from 1S49 
to 1 85 1 represented his district in Congress. Since the 
foundation of the Republican party he has been one of its 
staunchest members, and while declining office, has been 
an earnest worker for the success of Republican principles. 
In 1S72 he was a Grant and Colfax elector. 



LUMMER, HON. SAMUEL, of Salem, was bom 
in Salem county. New Jersey, September 13th, 
1813. He is of English extraction. In youth 
he was put to the coach-making business, but 
was soon drawn into political life, being elected 
Assessor of Pyle's Grove Township. Subsequently 
he became the first Justice of the Peace in that township 
elected under the new Constitution. In 1848 he removed to 
Penn's Grove ; in 1852 was elected Sheriff of Salem county; 
in 1855 and 1856 a member of the New Jersey Assembly. 
In 1S64 and 1865 he was appointed under the United Slates 
Internal Revenue law Asses^or-at-large in the First Con- 
gressional District, and was also President of the Board 
of State Prison Inspectors. In 1866 he was elected to the 
State Senate from Salem county by the Republicans, and in 
1869 became United .Stales Marshal for the District of New 
Jersey; reappointed in 1S73, ^^ declined being an applicant 
in 1877. He married a daughter of E. Woodruff, Esq., 
of Bridgeton, New Jersey. 



INDEX. 



Aaron, Rev. Samuel 267 

Abbetti Hon. Leon 316 

Abeel, Rev. David, D. D 276 

Abercrombie,. Rev. Richard Ma- 
son, D. D loi 

Abernethy, Hugh Homer, M. D. . 505 

AI)ernethy, Samuel, M. D 51 

.\drain, Hon. Garnet B., A. M., 

A.B 177 

Adrain, Robert, LL. D 175 

AUers, Oscar J., M. D 398 

Alexander, Rev. Archibald, D. D. 315 
Alexander, Rev. James Waddell, 

D. D 31S 

Alexander, Rev. Joseph Addison, 

D. D 314 

Alexander, William Cowper, 

LL. D 38 

Allen, George A 64 

Allen, Robert, (r 48 

Alpaugh, William C, M. D 432 

.\uderson, Alexander, M. D 351 

Anderson, John A 305 

Anderson, Joseph 295 

Andrus, Charles H., M. D 52 

Apgar, Ellis A 291 

Applegate, John .S 330 

Armstrong, James F. .. .T. ..... . 279 

Armstrong, Rev. James Francis. . 279 

Armstrong, Rev. William Jessup. 295 

Arnold, George 267 

Arrowsmilh, Joseph E., M. D. . . . 58 

Atherton, George P 1 56 

Austin, Rev. David ;.,... 511 

Axtell, Rev. Henry, D. D 472 

Bacon, Rev. George B 337 

Bailey, Gamaliel, M. D 281 

Bainbridge, Commodore William. 131 

Balbach, Edward 158 

lialbach, Edward, Jr 159 

Baldwin, Henry R 227 

Baldwin, Matthias W 166 

Baldwin, Milton, M. D 548 

Ballanline, Peter 540 

B.ircalow, Culver 270 

Barclay, Alexander, Jr., M. D. . . . 436 

Barclay, Rev. David 425 

Bard, John 283 

Bard, Samuel, M. D 280 

Barker, C. P., M. D 84 

Barker, George W 68 

Barnes, Orson, M. D 217 

72 



Bartles, Charles 265 

Barron Family 241 

Barron, John 245 

Barron, John C 245 

Barron, Thomas 243 

Eartine, John D 102 

Bassini, Carlo 2S0 

Bateman, Dr. Ephraim 282 

Bateman, Robert Morrison, M. D. 479 

Bayard, Hon. John 440 

Bayard, Samuel John 232 

Bayley, James Roosevelt, Arch- 
bishop 552 

Beasley, Hon. Mercer, LL. D. ... 505 

Beasley, Rev. Frederick, D. D. . . 439 

Beattie, John, M. D 271 

Bedle, Hon. Joseph Dorselt 264 

Beekman, Hon. George Crawford. 105 
Belleville, Nicholas Jacques 

Emanuel De, M. D 348 

Belville, Nichol.as, M. D 488 

Benson, David, M. D 60 

Bentley, Peter 493 

Bergen, Hon. James J 324 

Berry, Garrett 69 

Berry, William H 49 

Birch, Rev. Robert 439 

Bird, Hon. John T i6g 

Bispham, Charles 95 

Blackford, Hon. Isaac Newton.. . 279 

Blackwell, Hon. Jonathan Hunt. 421 

Bl.ackwell, Lewis S., M. D 73 

Blair.John 1 566 

Blancke, Ferdi nand F '. 46 1 

Bl.ane, John, M. D 145 

Blenker, Louis 273 

Bloomfield, Hon. Joseph 27 

Boggs, Charles Stuart 2S3 

Boisnot, James M., M. D 470 

BoUes, Enoch 168 

Boswell, Rev. William 347 

Boudinot, Elias 525 

Boudinot, Hon. Elisha iS 

Bowne, Hon. Hugh H 50 

Bowne, John, M. D 475 

Boyden, Seth 2S3 

Boynton, Cassimer W 236 

Bradley, Joseph P 415 

Brearley, Hon. D.avid 504 

Brick, Riley Allen 225 

Brick, Samuel Reeve ; . 167 

Brittain, Joseph 347 

Brown, Abraham 162 



Brown, Hon. George H 73 

Brown, Harvey 275 

Brown, Hon. John J 125 

Brown, Hon. Thnm.as S. R 78 

Brown, William Mortimer 421 

Browning, Hon. Abraham 19 

Brumley, J. D 414 

Buchanan, James 502 

Buckley, Benjamin 558 

Budd, Dr. John C 3S8 

Bullock, Edward R 201 

Bunnell, Thomas G 292 

Burnet, Hon. Jacob, LL. D 238 

Burnet, Hon. William 473 

Burnett, Hon. David 1 1 1 

Burr, Colonel Aaron 112 

Burrill, Alex.inder M 376 

Buttolph, Horace A., M. D., 

LL. D 70 

Byington, William Wilberforce.. . 180 

Cadwallader, Colonel Lambert. . . 280 

Caldwell, Rev. Joseph, D. D 294 

Calhoun, James Theodore 424 

Campbell, E. L 312 

Campbell, George, M. D 492 

Campbell, Hon. Charles A 56 

Campbell, Rev. W. H., D. D., 

LL. D 45 

Cannon, Garrit .S 1 29 

Cannon, Henry R 147 

Cannon, Rev. James Spencer, 

D. D 163 

Carl), Rev. Buckley 534 

Carnahan, Rev. James, D. D 503 

Carpenter, Thomas Preston 234 

Carr, Hon. Joseph 373 

Chabert, Romeo F., M. D 337 

Chamberlin, Octavius P 297 

Chandler, Thomas Bradbury, 

DD 497 

Chapman, Rev. Jedediah 417 

Chapman, Rev. Robert Hett, D. D. 559 

Chetwood, Francis B 65 

Chetwood, Hon. William 447 

Chetwood, John Joseph 89 

Chetwood, Robert E 65 

Clark, Abrah.am 407 

Clark, Hon. Alvah A 182 

Clark, Amos, Jr 144 

Clark, George .\ 346 

Clark, Hon. .Abrah.am 516 

Clark, J. Henry, JL D 294 

569 



57° 

Clark, Rev. Joseph 4^5 

Clark, Rev. Samuel Adams, D. D. 327 

Clark, Samuel S., M. D 250 

Clark, William Patterson, M. D. . 462 

Clement, Dr. Knut Jungbohn 27 1 

Clnke, William 53 

Coleman, James Deakes, M. D.. .. 45S 

Colfax, General William 555 

Collins, Isaac 355 

Collins, Rev. John 249 

Condict, Rev. Ira 497 

Condit, Tohn, M. D 2S0 

Condit, Hon. J. S 3^*7 

Condit, Lewis, M. D 2S0 

Condit, Rev. Aaron 272 

Condit, Silas 266 

Conijar, Hon. Horace N 228 

Conkling, Edward Payson 95 

Conover, Robert R., M. D 80 

Cook, George H., Ph. D., LL. D. 23 

Cook, General William 266 

Cook, John S., M. D 478 

Cooke, Edwin T 297 

Cooke, Henry G., A. M., M. D. .. 93 

Cooper, Benjamin 331 

Cooper, James M 331 

Cooper, James Fenimore 305 

Cooper, Redman 161 

Cooper, Richard Matlack, M. D. . 10 

Cooper, Sherman, M. D 196 

Cooper, William Daniel II 

Cornelison, John Mesier, M. D. . . 34 

Cornell, Rev. William, D. D 331 

Cornish, Joseph B 58 

Corrigan, M. A., Right Rev 534 

Cowenhovcn, Hon. Charles T. . .. 162 
Cox, Rev. Samuel Hanson, D. D.. 289 

Coxe, John Redman, M. D 323 

Cvxe, Hon. Daniel 544 

Craig, David Stuart, M. D 74 

Craig, James, M. D 80 

Crane, Commodore William M. . . 5 14 

Crane, General William 514 

Crane, Job Symmes, M. D 149 

Crane, Rev. Daniel 547 

Crane, Rev. Elias W 360 

Crane, Rev. James C 267 

Craven, John Joseph, M. D 537 

CrevUng, Adam W 3 *^ 

Croes, John, D. D 315 

Cross, Jeremiah A., M. D 228 

Cullen, Thomas Frankford, M. D. 86 

Culver, Joseph Edwin, M. D 181 

Cummings, Rev. Moses 295 

Cutler, Hon. Augustus W 143 

Cutler, Rev. Manasseh, LL. D... 527 
Cutter, Hampton 59 

Dale, Thomas N 563 

Dallas, Hon. Alexander James.. . 347 

Dahimple, Hon. Van Cleve 126 

Darby, Rev. John, M. D 499 

Darcy, John S., M. D 195 

Davis, William M 227 

Dayton, Alfred B , M. D 57 

Dayton, General Elias 377 

Dayton, Hon. Aaron Ogden 374 

Dayton, Hon. George 324 



IXDE.K. 

Davton, Hon. William Lewis, 
LL. D 

Dayton, Jonathan 

Dayton, Rensselaer W., A. M.. . . 

Deanjames^. 

TSeaiTTjohn WT. . . . .Ttt 

De Bow, James Dunwoody Brown- 
son 

De Camp, Rear .\dmiral John . . . 

De Hart, Colonel William 

Depue, Hon. David Avres 

Dewitt, Hon. Silas Wright 

De Wilt, Rev. John, D. D 

Dickerson, Hon. Philemon 

Dickerson, Mahlon 

Dickinson, General Philemon .... 

Dilts, Isaiah N 

Dixon, Hon. Jonathan 

Dixon, Joseph 

Doane, Rt. Rev. George Washing- 
ton 

Dobbins, Hon. Samuel A 

Dod, Albert, D. D 

Dod, Rev. Thaddeus 

Dodd, Joseph Smith 

Dolton, William 

Dooliltle, Rev. Theodore S., D. D. 

Doty,- Lotkwood L 

Dougherty, Ale.xander N., A. M., 
M. D 

Doughty, Joshua 

Drake, Lewis, M. D 

Drake, Hon. George K 

Dudley, Thomas H 

Duer, Edward Louis, M. D 

Duffield, Rev. George 

Dumont, John F 

Durand, Asher Brown 

Durand, James M 

Duiyee, Rev. Philip 

Dusenbery, Henry 

Dusenbery, Joseph Warren 

Edgar, Captain George P 

Edgar, Samuel 

Edgar, Thomas 

Edgar, Thompson 

Edgar, William 

Ellison, Michael E 

Elniendorf, John C 

Elmer, General Ebenezer 

Elmer, Hon. Daniel 

Elmer, Hon. Lucius Quintius 

Cincinnatus 

Elmer, John 

Elmer, Jonathan 

Elmer, William, A. M., M. D 

Elmer, William. Jr., M. D 

Emery, Willi.am P 

Emley, Hon. Oliver H.izard Perry, 

English, David C 

English, James R 

Estaugh, John 

Este, David K 

Evans, Augustus O 

Ewing, Hon. James 

Ewing, Hon. Charles, LL. D 

Ewing, Hon. Maskell 



2S9 
340 
3'S 
463 
1 85 
69 

32 
28 

52 
208 
326 
294 

3S9 

382 
276; 
522/; 

395 

207 

70 

276 

i 
190 ■ 

357 
53' 
72 
300 
4961 
289! 
236 
333 
335 
462 
44S 
448 

38 
3S 
36 

38 



Exton, Adam . . . . < 274 

Faron, John 125 

Farrand, Andrew Jackson 195 

Field, Chauncey Mitchell, M. D. . 464 
Field, Hon. Richard Stockton, 

l^L-» 337 

Finley, Robert 2S3 

Fish, Benjamin 552 

Fisher, Samuel W'are, D. D., 

LL. D 259 

Fitch, Charles F 264 

Flagler, Thomas B., M. D 42S 

Fleming, Charles E 315 

Force, Peter 340 

Ford, Hon. Gabriel H 69 

Forman, General David 31S 

Forman, Samuel R., A. M., M. D. 269 

Forst, Daniel P 541 

Foster, Rev. Daniel Requa 365 

Fowder, Colonel Samuel 404 

Fowler, Hon. Samuel, \L D 402 

Fowler, Lieutenant John 405 

Franklin, William 269 

Frazee, John 2S5 

Freeman, Ellis B., A. M., M. D. . 101 

Freeman, Joseph Addison 410' 

Freeman, Samuel E., M. D 102^ 

Freese, Jacob R., M. D 109 

Frelinghuysen, General Frederick. 149 

Frelinghuysen, Hon. Theodore... 150 

Freneau, Philip 319 

Froeligh, Rev. Solomon 546 

Frost, Bartlett C 155 

Furman, Hon. Moore 353 

Gardner, Colonel Charles K 299 

Garrison, Charles, M. D 479 

Garrison, Charles Grant, M. D. . .' 479 
Garrison, Rev. Joseph Fithian, 

M. D 479 

Gaston, Hugh M 297 

Gatzmer, William H 197 

Gifford, Hon. C. L. C 525 

Gilchrist, Hon. Robert 568 

Giles, General James 427 

Gill, John 229 

GiUen, Forrest A., M. D 85 

Gillette, Fidelio Buckingham, 

M.D 495 

Givens, John U 334 

Goble, Hon. Jabez-G 407 

Grandin, John F 481 

Grant, Gabriel 401 

Green, Hon. Ashbel 543 

Green, Hon. Caleb S 564 

Green, Hon. Heniy 326 

Green, Hon. Robert S 31 

Green, James S 30 

Green, James S., M. D 31 

Green, Rev. Ashbel, D. D., LL. D. 29 

Green, Rev. Jacob, D. D 29 

Greenwood, Miles 295 

Grellet, Stephen 354 

Griffin, Rev. Edward Dorr 501 

Griffith, Hon. Wijliam 47 

Griggs, Hon. John W 143 

Grimes, John, M. D 202 



nriscom, John. LL. D 

Gmes, Jnhn, D. D 

Grover. Lew-is C 

Grnbl., General E. Burd '■;; .;.".■ 219 , Howell, Rev. I^c r 

H 



INT)E\-. 

2S2 I Hovi-ell, David, I,L. n 

315 I Howell, Hon. D.ivid, LL. iS 
52 Howell, Hon.Rich.-.rd... 



275 
=79 
26 
66 



H.iight, Charles 

Haines, Hon. Daniel jg 

Hale, Rev. George. . . ^s 

Hall, .\lfred 

Hall, Charles. D. b. 

Hall, Joseph Llov-d 

Hall, Rev. Baynard Rust, D D 
Hall, William 



ell, Samuel Bedell, M. D ." " 4^: Ko lock r:'"u 
p11 Ti — ^„™ D 4«- I rvoiiock, Kev. H 

•52 I Kollock, 
272 Kosdusko 



Kirkpalrick, Hon. .\ndrew 76 

Knapp, Hon. Manning M ;-| 

Knight, Edward C 

Knowlton, Miner. ... 



447 I Howell, Theodore P. 
Hubbard, Dr. Charles 



Hubbard, William H., M. D -.7^ , Vr^li. ^i ci. v J" 

Hull, Henrv- .... :I? v ^- X'^^l'herd . 

.1. .' T^ -,.•■.;- j»« Ivnhl, Richards. 



enrj' D., D. D... 
Rev. S h e ]i p a r d 



IS? 
296 
296 



35 , 

279 ' Himt, Ezra M., M. D -, 

Hunt, General Peter J.q 



3S3 Hunt, Henn- Francis, M. D 
136 I Hunt, John W.. M. D. 



349 Lambert, Hon. John.. 

191 Larison, Cornelius W., m' D 

127 I Larison, Rev. .Andrew b" 



340 
296 
149 

550 
94 






aoipn •,/^^ H..>„i,- »« 1.1 ' — - " OJ3 incise, aanuiei.. 

Hamilton, Hon.' RolWrt:." '. .V.'. '. ! u8 | ""''*""''"'■ *'=''''°" 4S5 , Learning, Hon. Jo, 



Hann, Philip H 

Hardenl)ergh. Hon. Augnstus A 

Harker. Charles .° f 

Hamed, Samuel P., M. D. . . . . 
Harris, Philander .\., M. D. 
Harrison, Charles H.. ....... . 

Harrison, John D f ...... . 

Harrison, Josiah i"^ 



nathan F. 



224 I Ingham, Hon. .Samuel D. 



Hart. John .Seelv. LL. D. . . 
Hartrinft, Rev. Chester D.' A B 

A. M 

Hay, Hon. Andrew K 



Irick, General John Slockl 

157 Irick, Hon. He'nr\' J 

190 Izard, Jacob, M. D 
40S 

43 Jackson, John P ,-, 

387 I Jacobus, .Melancthon Williams 

436! D.D ' 

425 ; Jameson, Ch-arles Miller i -^ 

'■ Janewaj', George T., A. M., .M. D S' 
204 Janeway, ColonefHu^h H ...... i ^" 



50 

325 
79 
1 98 



VlZ'J^T- ^'T'^^'- ^ 56S Janeway, Jacob J 

H.VS H T^' • • • ■ 410 Janeway. Rev. ji. 

Hays. Hon. James L .jr 

Heckm.an, Charles A ... . ." ' ' ^ 

Henderson, Hon. Thomas. . .... 

Hendrickson, Charles Elviii..!!. 
Hendrickson, Hon. Charles Du- 
bois 

Hendrickson, Hon. William H. '. 

Hendry, Bowman, M. D 

Henry, Alexander 

He«-itt, Hon. Charles 

Hicks. El 



519 



Jacob Jones, D. D. ;S3 
475 Janvier, Rev. Levi ,o"g 

T.arr.ard, Hon. Levi D ^^- 

27S I JeffeR, Hon. William N. 

4t2 I .Teffrey, Oscar " 

I., -'ison, Lewis, A. B., A. \i 

113' M.i. " 

"3 i .Tf>h, .\rchibai.^ " 

393 I Jol>s, Eugene, M. D. ...... . 

26S , Johnson," Colonel Robert G. 
422 ' Johnson, Thomas P ' 

Johnson, Hon. L'zal 

Johnson, William, M. d! 



High, Hon. John J. . . . ^,5 

Siii; Hon^Tohn '■ 1 1 J--^^' '^-- J°-p'' H.rD: b 

Hill, ThomLs. b. b., LL. D.V.'." It^ 
Hills, George Morgan, D D 
Hillyer, Rev. Asa, T). T). . ....'. 

Hob.irt, Hon. Garret A 

Hobart, Rev. John Heniy, D D 
Hodge, Rev. Charles, D b 

LL. D 

Hodge, Rev. Archibald Alex 

ander 

Hodgson, Wilnier, M.T).. . ... [ _ 

Hoff. Captain Joseph D 

Hoffman, James P 

Hoffman, Theodore I 

Holcombe, Henr^• M D «... x- 1- t »- 

Hoicomhe.'samuei.-..-.'':::::-- ftl ^f:i"'^r.er°r-^'-?. 



Kays, Thomas 

Kean, John g^^ 

Ke.arny. Laurence | , 

Kearny, Philip i^ 

Kearny, .Stephen Watts 12 

Kcashey. .Anthonv Q r-,"^ 

549 Kelley, Edward B. P., M. b.. '. . '. 2S1 

Kelsey, Enos ,2. 

529 Kelsey. Hon. Henn- Cooper. . 411 

224 Kempshall. Rev. Evenrd, D. b.. 8-' 

55 Kennedv, Hon. Henrj- R . 406 

221 Kent, Joseph Charles 
Kcr, Rev. Nathan 



^ Lemke, Rei-. Henr\-. 

372 Leavitt, John, ,M. D. . 

530 I I^igh, John T ' . ! ! 

530 : Letson, Johnson 

217 Liggett, Rev. John Albert' A m" 

Lilly, John, M. D ' 

Lilly, Hon. Samuel, M. D.. . . 
Lin.alwrrj-. John S., M. D. . 

Lindley, J.-icob 

LindsIey,'Haney, M. D. .. . . 
Lindsley, John Berrien, M. D 
Lindslei,-. Rev. Philip, D. D """ iqS 

Lfflell, Squier. M.I) 505 

Livingston, Hon. Henrv Brock- 
hoist ' 

Livingston, William 

Longstreet, Henr\- H., M. D 

223 Longworth, Nicholas 25 

Loper, James ' 

. . 4S9 , Loper. William F.. A. B . it-t 
. . 15 V Lord, Rev-Eihra-i':': -*^^ 
.. 196 Love^ John I. H 

■■ f,l r""'^'"^"i™'^'john. ::::;:::::: ^ 

.. lib Lucas, John 

. . 40S Luce, William '.'. 

. . 4S0 I Ludlow, Israel .... 
. . 445 ! Ludlow, Rev. John, bVb' LL D 
I Lutkins, .Alfred .\., M. D. . 



216 



265 
379 
461 
464 



427 
433 
500 

5' 
50 
5° 
$^ 



358 
314 
379 
5«5 



151 



532 
265 
252 
276 
553 



Macclintocfc, Rev. John, D D 

LL. D.. ". ' 

Macculloch, George P.. 28- 

Macdonald, Rev. Jinies M." D D 1:2' 

Mackey, William M ' ;., 

Maclean, John, M. D 

Macwhorfer, Rev. Aiex.andcr, 



14 



Holdeii. Edgar, M. D 

Honeyman, .\. Van Doren 60 

Honevm.in, John, M. D 60 

HoniMower, Hon. JosqA C, 



LL. D 
Hough, De Wilt Ciinton, M D 

Houghton, Charies Henn- 

How, Rev. Samuel B., D. b.. '. 



76 
63 
9S 

349 



Kinch, Charles A., A. B., M. D 

Kinch, Frederick A., M. D '.'. i'l^ 

King,- Rev. Barnabas, D.D 444 

Kinney, Hon. William Burnet. . '. 5-5 

Kin.sey, Charles ,5, 

Kmsey. Hon. James. LL. V>... .. 4; 

Kirk, Hon. William Henry. .' .... yf, 
Kirkpatrick, Henn- Auoiistus 

M-D : ^....'50, 



D.D 

Madden, Hon. Hosea F. 

Magie, Rev. David, D. D . ~l^ 

240 , Magie, William J \[ XX 

473 Manners, Hon. John, M. D.... ' 
4S1 Marcy, .Alexander. M. D 
515 >!arkley. .Albert Watson 

Marsh, Hampton O . _ 

.Martin, Hon. Alexander, LL. b 

Martin, Joseph W 

Martin, "Luther, LL. D. ... .... 

M.nthers, Thomas B 

.M.axon, William B '.'. 

Maxwell, Hon. fohn Patcr>„ 
Bryant ....... 1 



336 
91 



453 
141 

2S4 
92 
329 
410 
32« 
529 
477 



572 



INDEX. 



McAllister, Robert 205 

McCarter, Thomns Nesbilt 441 

McCauley, Rev. Thomas, I). D. . 524 
McClellaiul, Rev. Alexander, 

D.D 273 

McCosh, Rev. J.inies, D. D., 

LL. D 490 

McDanolds, James S 35S 

McDowell, Rev. John, D. D 507 

McGilI,. Stewart 257 

Mcllv.iine, Rt. Rev. Charles 

Pcttit, D. D., LL. D., D. C. L. . 366 

McKinlav, ^Vllllanl 84 

McKissack, William D 4S5 

McKnight, Ch.arles, M. D 116 

McLean, Rev. Daniel Verch, D.D. 314 
McLenahan, Robert Mills, M. D.. 423 

McNeven, William James 320 

Mcl'herson, Hon. John Rhoderic. 292 

McWhorier Family 341 

McWilham, Rev. James M 277 

Merchant, Silas 225 

M erseles, Hon . Jacob M 273 

Mesick, Rev. John K., D. D 161 

Messier, Rev. "Abraham. D. D. . . 46 

Milledoler, Rev. Philip, D. D 304 

Mdler, Hon. Jacob W 341 

Miller, Rev. Samuel, D. U 37^ 

Miller, Wilham W 450 

Mills, Alfred 100 

Mitchell, Henry, M. D 92 

iMolleson, Elias 2S0 

Molleson, Hon. George P 503 

Montgomery, Rear Admiral John 

» 123 

Moore, Edward M., M. D 309 

Mo'-^-jise George Read, M. D.. 461 

^irCfgan, Genc'i..^ Darrtr! 322 

Morrell, Rev. Thomas 512 

Morris, Theodore Frelinghuysen. 77 

Morris, Robert 47 

Morrogh, Clifford T., iL D 93 

Morse, Dr. Isaac 3S6 

Mott, Rev. George Scudder, D. D. 162 

Molt, Gershom 442 

Mulford, Hon. David 51 

Munroe, John 297 

Murphy, John L 547 

Murphy, Colonel William Robin- 
son 42 

Murray, Rev. NichoLas, D. D. . . . 90 

Naar, D.avid 369 

Nadal, Rev. Bernard II., D. D., 

LL. 290 

Needham, Lewis Randolph, M. I). 437 

Ncilson, Colonel John 276 

Xewton, Hon. Isaac 365 

Newell, Hon. William A 539 

Newell, William L., M. D 14S 

Nevms, Hon. James S 61 

Ncwbn, John W 235 

Nichols, Isaac A., M. D 451; 

Nichols, James 411 

Nichols, Whitfield ,. 41 -, 

Niles. Hon. N.alhaniel 259 

Nixon, James Harris. A. 1!., A. M. 1S6 

Norton, Rev. Levi Warren 97 



Oakley, Lewis W., M. D 1 26 

Odell, Hon. and Rev. Jonathan. . 400 
Odenheimer, W i 1 1 i a m Henry, 

D.D .' . 2.1 1 

Ogden, Aaron, LL. D 21 

Ogden, Hon. Elias Boudinot D. .. 56 

Ogden, Isaac, M. D 436 

Ogden, Rev. Benjamin 376 

Ogden, Uzal, D. D 409 

Ogilvie, Alexander 510 

Olden, Hon. Charles S 1S9 

Osborne, Joseph D 430 

(")sborne. Rev. Ethan 298 

Osmah, Lewis, M. D 54S 

Otto, John C 438 

Owen", Fred. Wooster, M. D 87 

Page, Richard H., M. D 53 

Page, Thomas, M. D 206 

Parke, Benjamin 339 

Parker, Hon. Cortlandt 345 

Parker, Hon. James 343 

Parker, Hon. Joel 135 

Parrish, Joseph, M. D 39 

Parry, Hon. William 213 

Paterson, Hon. William 22 

•Peck, George 406 

Peddle, Hon. Thomas B 141 

Peese, Hon. Frederick H 290 

Pennington, Hon. Alexander CM. 277 

Pennington, Lot S., M. D 256 

Pennington, Samuel Hayes, M. D. 310 

Pennington, W'illiam 34 

Pennington, William Sandford . .. 28 

Perrine, Rev. Matthew La Rue. .. 453 

Perry, Neheniiah ■■ 

Pharo, Hon. Joseph W . . . . . . 163 

Pharo, Timothy 139 

Phelps, Hon Vmnam Walter. . . . 199 
Phillips, VVniiara W. L , A. M., 

M. D 225 

Piatt Family 330 

Pidcock, Hon. James Nelson. . . . 169 

Pierson, Clark 454 

Picrson, Edward A 398 

Pierson, Hon. Isaac 387 

Pierson, William, Jr., M. D 457 

Pike, Brigadier-General Zebulon 

Montgomery Ill 

Pinkham, William E., D. D. S. . . 124 

Plummer, Hon. Charles S 325 

Plummer, Hon. Samuel 568 

Pollock, James 351 

Poole, Henry B., M. D. 474 

Porter, Edmund, M. D 486 

Porter, Lucius P 120 

Poller, William S 334 

Potts, Hon. Frederick A 556 

Potts, Hem. Stacy Gardiner 62 

Price, Hon. Rodman M 294 

Price, Theophilus 142 

Pugh, Hon. John Howard, M. D. 54S 

Rabe, Hon. Rudolph F 529 

Rafferty, John C 230 

Ramsey, John 216 

Randolph, Joseph Fitz 285 

Randolph, Hon. Theodore F. . . . 557 



Rankin, William 528 

Ransom, Stephen Billings 559 

Reading, James Newell 313 

Reece, Lewis C. 25 1 

Reed, Alfred 504 

Richards, Rev. Aaron 517 

Richards, Rev. James, D. D 551 

Richards, Hon. George 175 

Richey, Hon. Augustus G 27S 

Ridgway, Benjamin 144 

Ridgway, Captain Joseph R 144 

Ridgway, Hon. Caleb G 191 

Rittenhouse, John P in 

Robbins, Hon. Chilion 55 

Robbins, Hon. George R., M. D. 216 
Roberts, Rev. William Charles, 

D.D 83 

Robeson, Hon. George M 271 

Robeson, James M 339 

Robeson, William Penn 524 

Robins, Hon. Amos 214 

Robins, Wright 215 

Rockhill, John, M. D 446 

Roe, Rev. Azel, D. D 4S8 

Roebling, John Augustus 416 

Rogers, Richard R., M. D 138 

Rolfe, Hon. Isaiah 153 

Romayne, Nicholas, M. D 290 

Romevn, Rev. Theodore Dirck, 

D. D 292 

Ross, Hon. Miles 51S 

Rossell, Hon. William 423 

Rndd, Rev. John Churchill, D.D. 512 

Runyon, Hon. Enos W 477 

•^"nyon, Hon. Theodore 564 

•■aschenberger, William S. W. . . 396 

kusling, J.ames F 25S 

Rutherfurd, Hon. John 451 

Ryerson, Hon. Martin, LL. D.... 107 

Ryerson, Hon. Thomas C 106 

Ryle, John 467 

Sanderson, Hon. Augustus E. . . . 179 

Sayre, Lewis Albert, NL D 508 

Scarborough, Rt. Rev. John 541 

Schenck, Henry H., M". D 437 

Schenck, John "v., A. M., M. D.. 113 

Schenk, rjr. John Frelinghuysen.. 174 

■Schenk, J. Rutsen 174 

Schenk, William Henry 64 

-Schonip, John 73 

Schultze, General John 554 

.Schureman, Hon. James '. . . 288 

Schureman, Rev. John 508 

Scott, Colonel Warren 454 

Scott, Joseph Warren, LL. D. . . . 78 
Scott, Lieutcnant-Gencral Win- 
field 46S 

Scott, Moses 43S 

Scovel, Hon. Alden Cortlandt... 510 

Scrivens, Zebulon W., M, D 196 

Scudder, Hon. Edward W 490 

.Scudder, John, M. D 273 

Seeley, Hon. Elias P 41 

Selden, J. Carey 393 

Sergeant, Lambert H 487 

.Servis, Howard, M. D 214 

Sewell, Hon. William J 234 



rNDEX. 



573 



Shackleton, Judson G., M. D. . . . 79 
Sheddan, Rev. Samuel Sharon, 

D. D 42 

Shepard, Joseph Flaval, M. D. . . 44 



Stryker, James D 229 

Stryker, Nelson D. \V. T., M. D. 205 

Stiyker, Samuel Stanhope, M. D. . 462 

Studdiford, James Hervey.M. D.. 460 



Sherrerd, John Maxwell 23 1 Sluddiford, Rev. Peler Ogilvie, 

Sherrerd, Hon. Samuel 24 D. D 465 

Shipman, Captain William M 380 1 Sullivan, George R 154 

Shipman, Jehiel G 380 ] Sutphen, Hon. John C, M. D 4S1 

Shotwell, .\be\ Vail 172 | Swayze, Jacob L 178 

Shotwell, .Abraham F 174 j Symmes, Hon. John Cleves 44 

Shotwell Family 17° | 

Shotwell, Jacob R 173: Talbot, Rt. Rev. John, M. .A. 455 

Silverthom, Hon. William 521 Taylor, .Augustus R 441 

Simonson, Jacob, D. D. S 87 , Taylor, George W 364 

Simpson, James H 294 ! Taylor, H. Genet, M. D 100 

Sinnickson, Hon. Clement H 503.J Taylor, Hon. John W 554 



Sinnickson, Hon. Thomas 282 

Sitgreaves, Hon. Charles 26S 

.Skillman, Charles A 235 

Skinner, D. M 528 

Sloan, John, M. D 506 

Sloan, Rev. William B 506 

Smith, Abraham Carpenter, M. D. 486 

.Smith, Benjamin j50 

Smith, Charles McKnight 102 

Smith, Hezekiah 429 

Smith, Hon. Iba.ac 274 



Taylor, John 47^ 

Taylor, Lewis Hazeliu"; 254 , 

Taylor, Othniel Hart, M. D 160 j 

Taylor, William Johnston 520 

Ten Eyck, Hon. John Conover. . . 480 

Terhune, Garrit, M. D I42 

Terhune, Richard A., M. D 457 

Terhune, William L 102 

Terrence, Herren A., M. D 208 

Thebaud, Rev. Leo 1 15 | 

Thomas, Luther G 399 



Smith, Isaac 46 , Thompson, Colonel Richard S. . . 397 

Smith' John Jay 492 i Thompson, Hon. Joshua S., A. M. 53 

Smith, Lyndon A 395 Thompson, Hon. Richard P 473 

Smith, Rev. John 355 | Thompson, Rev. Stephen Ogden. . 540 

Smith, Rev. Samuel Stanhope 299 I Thomson, John R 19 

Smith, Samuel J 310 | Thornton, Samuel Cary, M. D 207 

Smith, William .\., M. D 218, Tichenor, Hon. Isaac, LL. D 312 

Homers, Captain Richard 121 Titsworth, Hon. Caleb S 519 

Southard, Henry, M. D 423 Todd, John R., M. D 534 

Southard, Hon. Henry 112 Torbert, A. T. -A 203 

Southard, Hon. Samuel L., LL. D. 14 j Townley, Robert W 124 

Spear Henry 51 ! Treganowen, Ambrose, A. ^L, 

Spraggs, Rev. Samuel 564 | M. D 237 

Squier, William Crane 67 | Tucker, Colonel Isaac M 284 

Stansbury, Edward A 269 TucKer, Hon. Elwnezer 140 

Stearns, John O 194 I Tucker, Hon. Joseph . 304 

Stearns, Josiah 195 

Stephens, John L 277 Vail, Benjamin 217 

Stetson, David S 567 Vail, Hon. David W 414 

Stevens, John 449 Valentine, Hon. Caleb H 486 

Stevens, Rol>ert Livingston 449 Valentine, Mulford D 47^ 

Stickney, Charles W 406 Van .Am Burg, Rev. Robert 88 

Stillman, Charles H 254 Van .Antwerp, James 84 

Stockton, Charles S., U.D. S..;. 74 Van .Artsdalen, Rev. Jacob 518 

Stockton, Hon. John P 18 V.an Cleve, Horatio Phillips 309 

Stockton, Hon. Richard 16 Van Deiirsen, William, M. D 122 

Stockton, Robert Field 16 Van Doren, Rev. Isxnc. ....... . 440 

Stockton, Rev. Thomas Hewlings. 293 Van Fleet, Hon. Abraham V 510 

Stoddard, John F 268 Van Fleet, Hon. David 184 

Stokes, Charles 209 . Van Horn, Rev. William 464 

Stokes, N. Newlin, M. D 215 Van Liew, Cornelius S 178 

Stone, Hon. J. Henry 317 Van Liew, Re%-. John, D. D 177 

Stratton, Benjamin Harris, M. D. 193 VannatU, Hon. Jacob 536 



Stratton, Hon. Charles P 



46 Van Nest, Rev. Peter 285 



Stratton, Hon. John L. X 38 Van Rensselaer, Ledyard, M. D. . 59 



Stratton, Lieutenant-Colonel James 
Kewbold 

S*rong, Hon. Benjamin Ruggles 
Woodbridge 

Strong, Professor Theodore, 
LL.D 



Van Santvoord, George 304 

39 i^an Syckel, .Aaron 310 

j Van Syckel, Bennett 223 

81 Van Svckel, Chester 474 

; Van Syckel, Sylvester. M. D 223 

81 Van Vorst, Hon. Cornelius 545 



Varick, Colonel Richard 304 

Varick, Theodore Romeyn 44 

Vassar, Rev. Thomas Edwin 85 

Veghte, Hon. Rymer H 263 

Veghte, John O 263 

Vliet, Joseph 179 

Vogt, Louis C 128 

Vondy, Joseph Harrison, ^L D. . . 521 
Voorhees, Charles Holbert, M. D. 559 

Voorhees, Frederick 233 

Voorhees, J. Vred 184 

Voorhees, Nathaniel W 222 

Voorhees, Peler L 142 

Vorhees, John N 114 

Vredenburgh, Hon. Peter, LL. D. 188 

Vredenburgh, Major Peter 189 

Vroom, Hon. Peter D., LL. D.. . 7 

Waddell, Rev. James, D.D 311 

Wagoner, Henry G 1S6 

Wall, Hon. Garret Dorset 25 

Wall, John, M. D 460 

Wallace, Joshua Maddox 43 1 

Ward, Arthur, A. M., M. D 71 

Ward, George S., M. D 95 

Ward, H--^. Frank .M 1 15 

Ward, Hon. '.'ircus L „ 164 

Ward, John '. 401 

Ward, John W., A. M., M. D. .. 136 

Ward, Leslie Dodd, M. D 360 

Ward, William S.. A. B., A. M., 

M. D 103 

Ware, Rev. Thomas 560 

Warman, Da\id, M. D 153 

Washington, Hon. Bushrod 41S 

WaLson, Bcriah A., M. D 96 

Welch, Ashbei 420 

Welch, William M., M. D 496 

Welherill, William, M. D 414 

Wharton, Charles Henry, D. D. . 471 

Whelpley, Hon. Edward W 231 

Whilldin, Alexander 533 

Whitaker, Jonathan S 148 

White, Colonel .Anthony Walton. . 311 

White, Hon. John Moore 67 

White, Rev. William C 399 

Whitehead, Hon. .Asa 455 

Whitehead, Hon. Ira C 70 

Whitehead, Rev. Charles, D. D.. . 277 

Whitehead, William A 235 

Wliitely, Rot)eit J., M. D 140 

Whitman, Walt 370 

Whitney, Rev. George Henry, 

D.D 13S 

Whittingham, Edward Thomas, 

M. D 18 

Wickes, Stephen, M. D 480 

Wilder, Samson Vryling Stod- 
dard 120 

Wilkinson, James, M. D 298 

Willets, Colonel j. Howard 372 

Williams, Hon. John D 413 • 

Williams, Rev. Albert 246 

Williamson, Hon. Benjamin, 

LL. D 9 

Williamson, Hon. Isaac H., 

LL.D 9 

Williamson, Nicholas 158 



574 



INDEX. 



Wilmarth, Franlc, A. M., M. D... 86 

Wilson, Blakely 140 

Wilson, Daniel M 153 

Wilson, Pusey, M. D 417 

Wilson, Rev. Edward 85 

Winds, General William 482 

Wines, Rev. Enoch Cobb. D. D. . 298 
Winfield, Hon. Charles Harden- 

bergh 1 30 

Witherspoon, Rev. John, D. D., 

LL. D 137 

Wood, George 500 

Wood, George B., M. D., LL. D. 323 

Wood, Rev. James, D. D 1 18 

Wood, Richard D 185 



Woodbridge, Rev. Samnel M., 

D. D 52 

Woodhuli, Addison W 203 

Woodhull, Hon. George Spofford. 117 

WoodhuU, Rev. George Spafford. 450 

Woodhull, Rev. John, D. D 536 

Woodruff, Abner 460 

Woodruff, Hon. Aaron Dickinson. 372 
Woodruff, Hon. George White 

field 437 

Woodruff, Hon. Robert S., Jr. . . . 562 

Woodruff, Jonathan 147 

Woodruff, Rev. Benjamin 449 

Woolnian, Franklin 565 

Wright, George M 66 



Wright, Hon. William 368 

Wurls, Hon. Alexander 57 

Wyckoff, Martin 63 

Yates, Henry J 23 1 

Yeomans, Rev. John William. .. . 357 

Yorke, Hon. Thomas Jones 542 

Young, Erence D., M. D 124 

Young, Nelson 509 

Zabriskie, Hon. Abraham O., 

LL. D 103 

Zabriskie, Rev. John L 509 

Ziegler, George Jacob, M. D 472 



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